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Fritz Lerche A, Erik Mathiassen S, Lund Rasmussen C, Straker L, Holtermann A, Søgaard K. Effectiveness of a Goldilocks work intervention to promote musculoskeletal health among industrial workers - A cluster randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2024; 90:392-401. [PMID: 39251295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Industrial workers with physically demanding work have increased risk of musculoskeletal pain. The present 12-week Goldilocks Work intervention aimed to organize work among industrial workers to comprise a 'just right' ergonomic balance of physical behaviors (i.e., sit, stand and active) intended to promote musculoskeletal health. The paper investigates the effectiveness of the intervention in reducing low back pain after work. METHODS 83 workers across 28 workteams in a biotech organization were recruited. Workteams were randomly allocated to receive the intervention or work as usual (control). Intervention workteams implemented the Goldilocks Work planning tool to organize their work tasks towards a predefined 'just right' ergonomic balance (i.e., composition of 60% sitting, 30% standing, 10% active work and hourly task alternation). The primary outcome was low back pain intensity. Secondary outcomes were bodily pain, fatigue, physical exertion, productivity and energy after work measured in the survey, and composition and alternations of physical behaviors measured using wearable sensors. RESULTS The intervention was delivered almost as planned, with good quality and high adherence among most workteams. However, the intervention did not change physical behaviors towards the intended 'just right' ergonomic balance. No significant reduction in low back pain (0.07, CI 95%: -0.68; 0.82), bodily pain (0.10, CI 95%: -0.57; 0.76), tiredness (-0.53, CI 95%: -1.24; 0.19), physical exertion (-0.18, CI 95%: -0.83; 0.48), or improvement in energy (0.39, CI 95%: -1.02; 0.23) or productivity (-0.03, CI 95%: -0.77; 0.72) were found. CONCLUSION This Goldilocks Work intervention did not promote musculoskeletal health among industrial workers and did not change physical behaviors as intended. Thus, more research is needed into implementation strategies to change physical behaviors during productive work towards an evidence-based 'just right' ergonomic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Fritz Lerche
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Park Allé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, 80176 Gävle, Sweden
| | | | - Leon Straker
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Park Allé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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Andersen LL, Bay H, Rugulies R. Study design of National Surveillance of the Work Environment of Employees in Denmark (NASWEED): Prospective cohort with register follow-up. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:733-740. [PMID: 37387222 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231182022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim is to report the design and baseline data of the 'National Surveillance of the Work Environment of Employees in Denmark' study (NASWEED). METHODS NASWEED consist of (a) bi-annual cross-sectional samples, based on probability samples of wage earners of the general working population in Denmark from 2021 onwards (surveillance), (b) a prospective cohort of all previous respondents every two years (epidemiology, questionnaire follow-up) and (c) longitudinal follow-up in Danish registers about work and health (epidemiology, register follow-up). Between February and May 2021, a stratified (38 occupational industries) probability sample of 63,391 Danish residents aged 15-69 years who were employed for at least 34 hours per month received an invitation to participate, of whom 30,099 (47.5%) completed the questionnaire, 897 (1.4%) partially completed the questionnaire and 32,395 (51.1%) did not respond. Baseline was completed in June 2021. NASWEED covers various topics about the work environment (psychosocial, ergonomic, chemical, biological, safety, accidents, working from home, etc), health behaviours and somatic and mental health-related conditions. Statistical analyses will mainly build on survey procedures with model-assisted weights to ensure that the sample will yield representative estimates of the general working population. DISCUSSION NASWEED will monitor the development of the work environment and health in Denmark until 2030. The survey data will be included in epidemiological studies with repeated measurement of the work environment, health variables and covariates, and follow-ups in national registers to investigate the prospective association in the years and decades to come between the work environment and workers' health and labour market participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Louis Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Hans Bay
- The Danish Working Environment Authority, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pedersen J, Graversen BK, Hansen KS, Madsen IEH. The labor market costs of work-related stress: A longitudinal study of 52 763 Danish employees using multi-state modeling. Scand J Work Environ Health 2024; 50:61-72. [PMID: 37943108 PMCID: PMC10927069 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Work-related stress is an important public health concern in all industrialized countries and is linked to reduced labor market affiliation and an increased disease burden. We aimed to quantify the labor market costs of work-related stress for a large sample of Danish employees. METHODS We linked four consecutive survey waves on occupational health and five national longitudinal registers with date-based information on wage and social benefits payments. From 2012 to 2020, we followed survey participants for two year-periods, yielding 110 559 person-years. We identified work stress by combining three dichotomous stress indicators: (i) self-perceived work stress, (ii) Cohen 4-level perceived stress scale, and (iii) job strain. Using the multi-state expected labor market affiliation (ELMA) method, we estimated the labor market expenses associated with work-related stress. RESULTS Of the employees, 26-37% had at least one work-stress indicator. Men aged 35-64 years and women aged 18-64 years with work-related stress had up to 81.6 fewer workdays and up to 50.7 more days of sickness absence during follow-up than similarly aged men without work stress. The average annual work absenteeism loss per employee linked to work-related stress was €1903 for men and €3909 for women, corresponding to 3.3% of men's average annual wages and 9.0% of women's average annual wages, respectively. The total annual expenses were €305.2 million for men and €868.5 million for women. CONCLUSION Work-related stress was associated with significant labor market costs due to increased sickness absence and unemployment. The prevention of work-related stress is an important occupational health concern, and the development of effective interventions should be given high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pedersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Cillekens B, van Eeghen E, Oude Hengel KM, Coenen P. Within-individual changes in physical work demands associated with self-reported health and musculoskeletal symptoms: a cohort study among Dutch workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:1301-1311. [PMID: 37743372 PMCID: PMC10560189 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate changes in physical work demands in association with self-rated health and musculoskeletal symptoms. METHODS Data from five waves over the period 2019-2021 of the Netherlands Working Conditions Survey COVID-19 were available for 7191 participants aged 19-64 years who worked (partly) on-site during at least two consecutive waves. Logistic generalized estimated equations (GEE) were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for changes (increase or decrease compared to no change) in physical work demands between two waves and poor self-rated health and musculoskeletal symptoms in the following wave, adjusted for the health outcome at the first wave, age, educational level, working hours and hours worked from home. RESULTS In females, a statistically significant association was found between an increase in physical work demands compared to no change and musculoskeletal symptoms (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.17-1.65). A decrease in physical work demands in females was not statistically significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.80-1.08). Similar trends were found for poor self-rated health, although non-statistically significant. For males, comparable but attenuated associations were found. CONCLUSION While our study showed that increasing physical work demands are associated with adverse health (self-reported and musculoskeletal), it did not appear to benefit worker's health to reduce work demands. Future research with multiple measurements in a shorter period and additionally using devices to measure physical work demands will be needed to confirm our study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Cillekens
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma van Eeghen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen M Oude Hengel
- Department of Work Health Technology, TNO, Sylviusweg 71, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Burdorf A, Fernandes RCP, Robroek SJW. Health and inclusive labour force participation. Lancet 2023; 402:1382-1392. [PMID: 37838443 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The future of work is rapidly changing, with higher flexibility of the labour market and increasing informal employment in many countries worldwide. There is also an increased pressure to extend working careers until older age. We introduce the concept of working life expectancy as a useful metric, capturing the expected numer of years in paid employment across the working age individuals, in particular among different groups. We describe factors that determine working life expectancy. Macro-level factors focus on the socioeconomic and political context that influences labour force participation, primarily policies and legislation in specific countries. At the meso level, employment contracts and working conditions are important. The micro level shows that individual characteristics, such as education, gender, and age, influence working careers. There are three important groups with a disadvantaged position in the labour market-workers with chronic diseases, workers with impairing disabilities, and workers aged 50 years or more. Within each of these disadvantaged groups, macro-level, meso-level, and micro-level factors that influence entering and exiting paid employment are discussed. To assure that paid employment is available for everyone of working age and that work contributes to better health, specific challenges need to be addressed at the macro, meso, and micro levels. To reach inclusive labour force participation, national policies, company practices, and workplace improvements need to be aligned to ensure safe and healthy workplaces that contribute to the health and wellbeing of workers and their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Rita C P Fernandes
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Suzan J W Robroek
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Falkstedt D, Almroth M, Hemmingsson T, d'Errico A, Albin M, Bodin T, Selander J, Gustavsson P, Kjellberg K. Job demands and job control and their associations with disability pension-a register-based cohort study of middle-aged and older Swedish workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:1137-1147. [PMID: 37450035 PMCID: PMC10504155 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-01995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Job demands and control at work and their combination, job strain, have been studied in relation to risk of disability pension (DP) previously. In the present study, based on registry data, we aimed to deepen the knowledge by analyzing major disease groups among the DPs, dose-response shape of the associations, and potential confounding effects of physical workload. METHODS Approximately 1.8 million workers aged 44 or older and living in Sweden in 2005 were followed up for 16 years, up to a maximum of 65 years of age. We linked mean values of job demands and job control, estimated in a job-exposure matrice (JEM) by gender, to individuals through their occupational titles in 2005. These values were categorized by rank order, and, for the construction of job-strain quadrants, we used a median cut-off. Associations with DP were estimated in Cox proportional-hazards models. RESULTS In models accounting for covariates including physical workload, low levels of job control were associated with higher risk of DP among both men and women. This association was most clear for DP with a psychiatric diagnosis, although a dose-response shape was found only among the men. High levels of job demands were associated with decreased risk of DP across diagnoses among men, but the same association varied from weak to non-existing among women. The high- and passive job-strain quadrants both showed increased risk of DP with a psychiatric diagnosis. CONCLUSION The results suggest that, at the occupational level, low job control, but not high job demands, contributes to an increased incidence of DP, particularly regarding DP with a psychiatric diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Falkstedt
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, 10th Floor, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Melody Almroth
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, 10th Floor, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Hemmingsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, 10th Floor, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelo d'Errico
- Department of Epidemiology, Local Health Unit ASL TO 3, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Albin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, 10th Floor, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theo Bodin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, 10th Floor, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Selander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, 10th Floor, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Gustavsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, 10th Floor, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Kjellberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, 10th Floor, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hambisa MT, Tawiah R, Jagger C, Kiely KM. Gender, education, and cohort differences in healthy working life expectancy at age 50 years in Australia: a longitudinal analysis. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e610-e617. [PMID: 37516477 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to estimate healthy working life expectancy (HWLE) at age 50 years by gender, cohort, and level of education in Australia. METHODS We analysed data from two nationally representative cohorts in the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey. Each cohort was followed up annually from 2001 to 2010 and from 2011 to 2020. Poor health was defined by a self-reported, limiting, long-term health condition. Work was defined by current employment status. HWLEs were estimated with Interpolated Markov Chain multi-state modelling. FINDINGS We included data from 4951 participants in the cohort from 2001 to 2010 (2605 [53%] women and 2346 [47%] men; age range 50-100 years) and 6589 participants in the cohort from 2011 to 2020 (3518 [53%] women and 3071 [47%] men; age range 50-100 years). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Working life expectancy increased over time for all groups, regardless of gender or educational attainment. However, health expectancies only increased for men and people of either gender with higher education. Years working in good health at age 50 years for men were 9·9 years in 2001 (95% CI 9·3-10·4) and 10·8 years (10·4-11·3) in 2011. The corresponding HWLEs for women were 7·9 years (7·3-8·5) and 9·0 years (8·5-9·6). For people with low education level, HWLE was 7·9 years (7·3-8·5) in 2001 and 8·4 years (7·9-8·9) in 2011, and for those with high education level, HWLE rose from 9·6 years in 2001 (9·1-10·1) to 10·5 years in 2011 (10·2-10·9). Across all groups, there were at least 2·5 years working in poor health and 6·7 years not working in good health. INTERPRETATION Increases in length of working life have not been accompanied by similar gains in healthy life expectancy for women or people of any gender with low education, and it is not unusual for workers older than 50 years to work with long-term health limitations. Strategies to achieve longer working lives should address life-course inequalities in health and encourage businesses and organisations to recruit, train, and retain mature-age workers. FUNDING Australian Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitiku Teshome Hambisa
- Ageing Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard Tawiah
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carol Jagger
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kim M Kiely
- Ageing Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, Australia; School of Health and Society, and School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Australia.
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Meling HM, Ruths S, Baste V, Hensing G, Haukenes I. Level of education and sustainable return to work among long-term sick-listed workers with depression: a register-based cohort study (The Norwegian GP-DEP Study). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072051. [PMID: 37500268 PMCID: PMC10387658 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sick-listed workers with depression are at higher risk of long-term, recurrent sickness absence and work disability, suggesting reduced likelihood of sustainable return to work (SRTW). Though likelihood of RTW has been associated with education level, less is known about the association over time, post-RTW. We aimed to investigate associations between educational level and SRTW among long-term sick-listed workers with depression. METHODS Nationwide cohort study, based on linked data from Norwegian health and population registries, including all inhabitants of Norway aged 20-64 years on long-term sick leave with a depression diagnosis given in general practice between 1 January 2009 and 10 April 2011 (n=13.624, 63.7% women). Exposure was the highest attained education level (five groups). Three outcome measures for SRTW were used, with 0 days, ≤30 days and ≤90 days of accumulated sickness absence post-RTW during a 2-year follow-up. Associations between exposure and outcomes were estimated in gender-stratified generalised linear models, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and duration of sick leave. RESULTS Higher-educated workers had a higher likelihood of SRTW 0, SRTW ≤30 and SRTW ≤90 than the lowest-educated groups in the crude models. Among men, this association was mainly explained when adjusting for occupation. Among women, the highest educated group had a higher likelihood of SRTW 0 (RR=1.45, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.71) and SRTW ≤30 and SRTW ≤90 in the fully adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS An educational gradient in SRTW was mainly explained by occupation among men but not among women. These findings suggest gendered differences in associations between education level and SRTW, which could inform interventions aiming to promote equal opportunities for SRTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Marie Meling
- Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sabine Ruths
- Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Valborg Baste
- Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
- National Centre for Emergency Primary Health Care, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnel Hensing
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Haukenes
- Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Tetzlaff F, Nowossadeck E, Epping J, di Lego V, Muszynska-Spielauer M, Beller J, Sperlich S, Tetzlaff J. Trends in cancer-free working life expectancy based on health insurance data from Germany-Is the increase as strong as in working life expectancy? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288210. [PMID: 37494349 PMCID: PMC10370751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Against the backdrop of population ageing, governments are facing the need to raise the statutory retirement age. In this context, the question arises whether these extra years added to working life would be spent in good health. As cancer represents a main contributor to premature retirement this study focuses on time trends and educational inequalities in cancer-free working life expectancy (WLE). METHODS The analyses are based on the data of a large German health insurer covering annually about 2 million individuals. Cancer-free WLE is calculated based on multistate life tables and reported for three periods: 2006-2008, 2011-2013, and 2016-2018. Educational inequalities in 2011-2013 were assessed by two educational levels (8 to 11 years and 12 to 13 years of schooling). RESULTS While labour force participation increased, cancer incidence rates decreased over time. Cancer-free WLE at age 18 increased by 2.5 years in men and 6.3 years in women (age 50: 1.3 years in men, 2.4 years in women) between the first and third period while increases in WLE after a cancer diagnosis remained limited. Furthermore, educational inequalities are substantial, with lower groups having lower cancer-free WLE. The proportion of cancer-free WLE in total WLE remained constant in women and younger men, while it decreased in men at higher working age. CONCLUSION The increase in WLE is accompanied by an increase in cancer-free WLE. However, the subgroups considered have not benefitted equally from this positive development. Among men at higher working age, WLE increased at a faster pace than cancer-free WLE. Particular attention should be paid to individuals with lower education and older men, as the general level and time trends in cancer-free WLE are less favourable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Tetzlaff
- Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Division of Social Determinants of Health, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enno Nowossadeck
- Division of Social Determinants of Health, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jelena Epping
- Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Vanessa di Lego
- Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, OeAW, Univ. Vienna), Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Muszynska-Spielauer
- Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, OeAW, Univ. Vienna), Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Beller
- Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Tetzlaff
- Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Sperlich S, Beller J, Epping J, Geyer S, Tetzlaff J. Trends of healthy and unhealthy working life expectancy in Germany between 2001 and 2020 at ages 50 and 60: a question of educational level? J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:430-439. [PMID: 37193584 PMCID: PMC10314014 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-220345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extending the number of active working years is an important goal both for maintaining individual quality of life and safeguarding social security systems. Against this background, we examined the development of healthy and unhealthy working life expectancy (HWLE/UHWLE) in the general population and for different educational groups. METHODS The study is based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel study, including 88 966 women and 85 585 men aged 50-64 years and covering four time periods (2001-05, 2006-2010, 2011-2015 and 2016-2020). Estimates of HWLE and UHWLE in terms of self-rated health (SRH) were calculated using the Sullivan's method. We adjusted for hours worked and stratified by gender and educational level. RESULTS Working-hours adjusted HWLE at age 50 increased in women and men from 4.52 years (95% CI 4.42 to 4.62) in 2001-2005 to 6.88 years (95% CI 6.78 to 6.98) in 2016-2020 and from 7.54 years (95% CI 7.43 to 7.65) to 9.36 years (95% CI 9.25 to 9.46), respectively. Moreover, UHWLE also rose with the proportion of working life spent in good SRH (health ratio) remaining largely stable. At age 50, educational differences in HWLE between the lowest and highest educational groups increased over time in women and in men from 3.72 to 4.99 years and from 4.06 to 4.40 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence for an overall increase but also for substantial educational differences in working-hours adjusted HWLE, which widened between the lowest and highest educational group over time. Our findings suggest that policies and health prevention measures at workplace should be more focused on workers with low levels of education in order to extend their HWLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Beller
- Medical Sociology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jelena Epping
- Medical Sociology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Siegfried Geyer
- Medical Sociology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Pedersen J, Framke E, Thorsen SV, Sørensen K, Andersen MF, Rugulies R, Solovieva S. The linkage of depressive and anxiety disorders with the expected labor market affiliation (ELMA): a longitudinal multi-state study of Danish employees. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:93-104. [PMID: 35857111 PMCID: PMC9823083 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressive and anxiety disorders are prevalent among employees in general. Still, knowledge regarding the contribution of these disorders to the dynamics of the labor market in terms of working time, sickness absence, and unemployment is scarce. We aim to quantify the linkage of depressive and anxiety disorders with labor market participation using the expected labor market affiliation method (ELMA), in a large sample of Danish employees. METHODS We combined three survey waves on occupational health with six high-quality national registers in N = 43,148 Danish employees, of which the 2012 survey contributed 29,665 person years, the 2014 survey 33,043 person years, and the 2016 survey 35,375 person years. We used the new ELMA method to estimate the multi-state transition probabilities and 2-year expected time in work, sickness absence, and unemployment. Depressive and anxiety disorders were assessed by the Major Depression Inventory and the SCL-ANX4 scales, respectively. We adjusted for multiple variables by applying inverse probability weighting in groups of gender and age. RESULTS Depressive and anxiety disorders among employees link to reduced labor market affiliation by significantly changed transitions probabilities between the labor markets states, viewed as reduced working time by 4-51 days (in two years), increased time in sickness absence by 6-44 days (in two years), and unemployment by 6-12 days (in two years) when compared to employees without depression or anxiety disorders. The results were most pronounced for women employees and for employees with both depression and anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals detailed insight into what extent depression and anxiety disorders influence the labor market affiliation, in terms of the complex interrelation between working time, sickness absence, and unemployment. The study emphasizes the importance of preventing and handling depressive and anxiety disorders among employees for strengthening work participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pedersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Elisabeth Framke
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kathrine Sørensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Donisi L, Cesarelli G, Pisani N, Ponsiglione AM, Ricciardi C, Capodaglio E. Wearable Sensors and Artificial Intelligence for Physical Ergonomics: A Systematic Review of Literature. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:3048. [PMID: 36553054 PMCID: PMC9776838 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical ergonomics has established itself as a valid strategy for monitoring potential disorders related, for example, to working activities. Recently, in the field of physical ergonomics, several studies have also shown potential for improvement in experimental methods of ergonomic analysis, through the combined use of artificial intelligence, and wearable sensors. In this regard, this review intends to provide a first account of the investigations carried out using these combined methods, considering the period up to 2021. The method that combines the information obtained on the worker through physical sensors (IMU, accelerometer, gyroscope, etc.) or biopotential sensors (EMG, EEG, EKG/ECG), with the analysis through artificial intelligence systems (machine learning or deep learning), offers interesting perspectives from both diagnostic, prognostic, and preventive points of view. In particular, the signals, obtained from wearable sensors for the recognition and categorization of the postural and biomechanical load of the worker, can be processed to formulate interesting algorithms for applications in the preventive field (especially with respect to musculoskeletal disorders), and with high statistical power. For Ergonomics, but also for Occupational Medicine, these applications improve the knowledge of the limits of the human organism, helping in the definition of sustainability thresholds, and in the ergonomic design of environments, tools, and work organization. The growth prospects for this research area are the refinement of the procedures for the detection and processing of signals; the expansion of the study to assisted working methods (assistive robots, exoskeletons), and to categories of workers suffering from pathologies or disabilities; as well as the development of risk assessment systems that exceed those currently used in ergonomics in precision and agility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Donisi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cesarelli
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Noemi Pisani
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Maria Ponsiglione
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Ricciardi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Edda Capodaglio
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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13
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Pedersen J, Bjorner JB, Andersen LL. Physical work demands and expected labor market affiliation (ELMA): Prospective cohort with register-follow-up among 46 169 employees. Scand J Work Environ Health 2022; 48:641-650. [PMID: 35789276 PMCID: PMC10546615 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the impact of high physical work demands on expected labor market affiliation (ELMA) among men and women of different ages in the general working population. METHODS After participating in the Danish Work Environment and Health study (2012, 2014, and/or 2016), 46 169 employees were followed for two years in national registers. Using multi-state modeling, taking all day-to-day transition probabilities of labor market affiliation into account (work, unemployment, sickness absence, temporary out, and permanently out), and performing multilevel adjustment, we estimated the prospective association between physical work demands (ergonomic index including 7 factors) and ELMA. RESULTS During 104 896 person-years of follow-up, we identified of 439 045 transitions. Using low physical work demands as reference, higher physical work demands were associated with fewer days of active work (2-35 days) during 730 days of follow-up, and more days of sickness absence (4-26 days) and unemployment (ranging 1-9 days) among men and women of aged 40-49 and 50-64 years. Among men and women aged 18-39 years, high physical work demands only had minor and inconsistent impact on ELMA. CONCLUSIONS Analyzing multiple and highly detailed patterns of transition probabilities concerning labor market affiliation we showed that reducing physical work demands is likely to increase the active working time and prevent high societal cost of sickness absence and unemployment, especially among middle-aged and older workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pedersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bue Bjorner
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- QualityMetric, Lincoln, RI, USA
| | - Lars L Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Oestergaard AS, Gupta N, Smidt TF, Sandal LF, Søgaard K. The objectively measured physical work demands and physical capacity of offshore wind technicians: An observational field study. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 102:103716. [PMID: 35247832 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the physical capacity and physical work demands of wind service technicians (WT) in different field conditions (onshore and offshore workdays). We recruited 27 male WTs (mean age of 31 years (SD: ±7), VO2max of 46 mL O2/kg/min (SD: ±7)) and assessed their physical work demands for a total of 110 workdays using heart rate monitors and accelerometers at five body placements. On average, each day, sitting was the most recorded activity (43%), followed by standing (19%), lying (13%) moving (9%), walking (8%) and high intensity physical activities (1%). Additionally, 1 minute was spent on vertical climbing, 20 minutes on work with forward bent trunk, 13 minutes on work with elevated arms and 6 minutes kneeling. The average cardiovascular load was 22% and 4 minutes per day were spent at high cardiovascular intensities. We found significantly higher demands on offshore compared with onshore workdays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Skov Oestergaard
- Unit for Physical Activity and Health in Working Life, Institute of Biomechanics and Sports Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Ørsted A/S, QHSE (Quality, Health, Safety, Environment) Support, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, The National Research Centre of the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Trine Fernando Smidt
- Ørsted A/S, QHSE (Quality, Health, Safety, Environment) Support, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Louise Fleng Sandal
- Unit for Physical Activity and Health in Working Life, Institute of Biomechanics and Sports Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Unit for Physical Activity and Health in Working Life, Institute of Biomechanics and Sports Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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15
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Leite WKDS, Araújo AJDS, da Silva LB, de Souza EL, Silva JMND, Bolis I, Silva MPDOE, Neves RDF, Colaço GA. Sickness absence from work in the footwear industry: A longitudinal study. Work 2022; 72:431-451. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies on illness in the footwear industry have prioritized specific work sectors and diseases. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the main factors related to sickness absence and the indicators of illness in terms of recurrence and workdays lost among workers at a footwear company, ranging from storage of raw material to distribution of the final product. METHODS: A total of 9072 cases of absence from work were investigated in shoe production units from 2014 to 2017. Univariate models estimated the risk of bodily dysfunction (physiological and psychological) and the severity of recurrence and work days lost. RESULTS: (1) Most production units and work sectors were related to one or more affected bodily functions; (2) Neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions and the work sectors of prefabrication; cutting, assembly and finishing; and quality inspection of the final product required a longer recovery time before return to work and had a greater recurrence of leave; and (3) Women seemed to be more affected than men in terms of the reappearance of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Illness differs according to occupational sectors. The production sectors present more serious situations due to physical overload, intense rhythm and concentration, monotony and low autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luiz Bueno da Silva
- Department of Production Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Erivaldo Lopes de Souza
- Department of Production Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Ivan Bolis
- Postgraduate Program in Social Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Robson da Fonseca Neves
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Calatayud J, Morera Á, Casaña J, Del Pozo Cruz B, Andersen LL, López-Bueno R. Occupational physical activity trends from 1987 to 2017: A nationally representative sample of 160,509 Spanish adults. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:851-858. [PMID: 35332838 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2058418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate temporal and updated trends of OPA among Spanish adult population during the period between 1987 and 2017. METHODS We used all available rounds of the Spanish National Health Survey (160,509 adults, mean age 44.6 years [SD 16.6], 50.3% women) and multivariate regressions to determine temporal trends of high OPA from 1987 to 2017 in the general working population of Spain. RESULTS The highest OPA prevalence was observed for participants aged 31-49 years in the 2003 survey. The prevalence of high OPA was generally low, but increased slightly over time in the 18-30, 50-64, and 65-75 years old (p<0.001 for trend). In contrast, a general reduction in OPA was observed in the 16-17 years old (p<0.001 for trend). Men consistently showed higher OPA prevalence than women. CONCLUSIONS This study reports an increase in OPA prevalence in Spain from 1987 to 2017, which is low and significant in most socio-demographic groups, but small in absolute terms. The youngest group had a marked decreased in OPA prevalence over the course of the study. Men consistently showed higher OPA prevalence than women, but differences have become smaller in recent years. Our results may assist in the establishment of interventional strategies and future policies among specific subgroups.Highlights: There is an increase in OPA prevalence in Spain from 1987 to 2017.The youngest group had a marked decreased in OPA prevalence over the course of the study.Men consistently showed higher OPA prevalence than women, but differences have become smaller in recent years.Frequent national surveillance of OPA to monitor long-term development of the working environment should be mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Álvaro Morera
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars L Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Lerche AF, Mathiassen SE, Rasmussen CL, Straker L, Søgaard K, Holtermann A. Designing industrial work to be 'just right' to promote health - a study protocol for a goldilocks work intervention. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:381. [PMID: 35197018 PMCID: PMC8867863 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Goldilocks Work Principle expresses that productive work should be designed to promote workers' health. We recently showed that it is feasible to develop and implement modifications to productive work that change physical behaviors (i.e. sitting, standing and being active) in a direction that may promote health among industrial workers. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to conduct a cluster randomised controlled trial investigating health effects of implementing the Goldilocks Work intervention among industrial workers. METHODS Our implementation plan consists of educating work teams, organizing implementation meetings, and providing feedback to workers. Three meetings with a preselected local workplace group will be scheduled. The first meeting educates the group to use a planning tool by which work can be planned to have 'just right' physical behaviors. The second and third meetings will focus on supporting implementation of the tool in daily work. An expected 28 clusters of work teams across two participating production sites will be randomized to either intervention or control group. Data collection will consist of 1) questionnaires regarding work and musculoskeletal health, 2) wearable sensor measurements of the physical behavior, and 3) assessment of general health indicators, including BMI, blood pressure, and fat percentage. The primary outcome is musculoskeletal health, measured by low back pain intensity, and secondary outcomes are 1) physical behaviors at work, 2) accumulated time in long bouts of sitting, standing, and being active and 3) perceived fatigue and energy during work. Furthermore, implementation and cost of the intervention will be evaluated based on questionnaires and data from the planning tool completed by the workers. DISCUSSION This study will evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of a 12 - weeks Goldilocks Work intervention with the aim of improving musculoskeletal health among industrial workers. The cluster randomized controlled study design and the evaluation of the implementation, results and costs of the intervention will make it capable of contributing with valuable evidence of how productive work may be designed to promote industrial workers' health. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registration was assigned 10-09-2021 (ISRCTN80969503). https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN80969503.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Fritz Lerche
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Park Allé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 80176, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 77147, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Park Allé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
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18
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Technical field measurements of muscular workload during stocking activities in supermarkets: cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:934. [PMID: 35042941 PMCID: PMC8766430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have reported high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among supermarket workers. Technical field measurements can provide important knowledge about ergonomic risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in the physical working environment, but these measurements are lacking in the supermarket sector. Therefore, using wearable electromyography and synchronous video recording in 75 supermarket workers, this cross-sectional study measured muscular workload during stocking activities in six different types of general store departments and during the thirteen most common work tasks across five different supermarket chains. Our results showed that muscular workload varies, especially for the low-back muscles, across (1) supermarket chains, (2) departments, and (3) specific stocking activities. Highest workloads of the low-back and neck/shoulders were seen in the fruit and vegetables department and during heavy, two-handed lifts of parcels (especially without using technical aids). In conclusion, physical work demands during supermarket stocking activities differ between chains, departments, and work tasks. These results can be used by company representatives and work environment professionals to specifically address and organize the stocking procedures to reduce the muscular workload during supermarket stocking.
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Importance of the Working Environment for Early Retirement: Prospective Cohort Study with Register Follow-Up. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189817. [PMID: 34574740 PMCID: PMC8472036 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study investigates the role of physical work demands and psychosocial work factors for early retirement among older workers. Methods: Data from three Danish surveys on work environment and health among employed older workers (age 55–59) were merged with a national register containing information on labour market participation. Robust Poisson regression modelled the risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between physical and psychosocial work factors and early retirement, that is, not working after the age of 64. Results: Of the 2800 workers, 53% retired early. High physical work demands (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.19–1.48), poor overall psychosocial working conditions (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.26–1.61), and access to early retirement benefits (RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.53–2.10) predicted early retirement. Subgroup analyses revealed that poor overall psychosocial working conditions were a stronger predictor for early retirement among workers with seated jobs than those with physically active jobs. Conclusions: High physical work demands and poor psychosocial working conditions are factors that can push older workers out of the labour market prematurely. Poor psychosocial working conditions seem to be a particularly strong push factor among workers with seated work.
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20
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Bláfoss R, Vinstrup J, Skovlund SV, López-Bueno R, Calatayud J, Clausen T, Andersen LL. Musculoskeletal pain intensity in different body regions and risk of disability pension among female eldercare workers: prospective cohort study with 11-year register follow-up. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:771. [PMID: 34507585 PMCID: PMC8431848 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal pain is a risk factor for leaving the labour market temporarily and permanently. While the presence of multi-site pain increases the risk of disability pension, we lack detailed knowledge about pain intensity as a risk factor. This study investigated the association between musculoskeletal pain intensity in different body regions and risk of future disability pension among eldercare workers. Methods Eight thousand seven hundred thirty-one female eldercare workers replied to a questionnaire on work and health in 2005 and were followed for 11 years in the Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalization. Time-to-event analyses estimated hazard ratios (HR) for disability pension from pain intensities (0–9 numeric rating scale (NRS)) in the low-back, neck/shoulders, and knees during the previous 3 months. Analyses were mutually adjusted for pain regions, age, education, lifestyle, psychosocial work factors, and physical exertion at work. Results During 11-year follow-up, 1035 (11.9%) of the eldercare workers received disability pension. For all body regions among all eldercare workers, dose-response associations were observed between higher pain intensity and risk of disability pension (p < 0.001). The risk for disability pension was increased when reporting “very high” pain levels (≥7 points on the 0–9 NRS) in the low-back (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.70–2.82), neck/shoulders (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.88–2.92), and knees (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.44–2.47). Population attributable risks (PAR) were 15.5, 23.2, and 9.6% for pain > 2 on NRS in the low-back, neck/shoulders, and knees, respectively, indicating that 15.5, 23.2, and 9.6% fewer eldercare workers would likely receive disability pension if the pain intensity was reduced to 2 or less. For workers ≤45 years and > 45 years, PAR was highest for neck/shoulder pain (27.6%) and low-back pain (18.8%), respectively. Conclusions The present study found positive dose-response associations between pain intensity in the low-back, neck/shoulders, and knees, and risk of disability pension during 11-year follow-up. Moderate to very high levels of musculoskeletal pain in eldercare workers should, therefore, be considered an early warning sign of involuntary premature exit from the labour market. These findings underscore the importance of preventing, managing, and reducing musculoskeletal pain to ensure a long and healthy working life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúni Bláfoss
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jonas Vinstrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Venge Skovlund
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquin Calatayud
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Louis Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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21
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Expected Labor Market Affiliation: A New Method Illustrated by Estimating the Impact of Perceived Stress on Time in Work, Sickness Absence and Unemployment of 37,605 Danish Employees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094980. [PMID: 34067104 PMCID: PMC8124718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As detailed data on labor market affiliation become more accessible, new approaches are needed to address the complex patterns of labor market affiliation. We introduce the expected labor market affiliation (ELMA) method by estimating the time-restricted impact of perceived stress on labor market affiliation in a large sample of Danish employees. Data from two national surveys were linked with a national register. A multi-state proportional hazards model was used to calculate ELMA estimates, i.e., the number of days in work, sickness absence, and unemployment during a 4-year follow-up period, stratified by gender and age. Among employees reporting frequent work-related stress, the expected number of working days decreased with age, ranging from 103 days lost among older women to 37 days lost among younger and middle-aged men. Young and middle-aged women reporting frequent work- and personal life-related stress lost 62 and 81 working days, respectively, and had more days of sickness absence (34 days and 42 days). In conclusion, we showed that perceived stress affects the labor market affiliation. The ELMA estimates provide a detailed understanding of the impact of perceived stress on labor market affiliation over time, and may inform policy and practice towards a more healthy and sustainable working life.
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22
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Bakkeli NZ. Health, work, and contributing factors on life satisfaction: A study in Norway before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. SSM Popul Health 2021; 14:100804. [PMID: 34027009 PMCID: PMC8129931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 outbreak has posed considerable challenges for people's health, work situations and life satisfaction. This article reports on a study of the relationship between self-reported health and life satisfaction before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway, and examines the role of work in explaining the health-life satisfaction relationship. Method The study was based on survey data collected from 3185 Norwegian employees in 2019 and 3002 employees in 2020. Propensity score matching techniques were used to assess the mediating effects of work situations and income loss on the health-life satisfaction relationship. Skew-t regression models were further applied to estimate changes in life satisfaction before and during the pandemic, as well as to explore different underlying mechanisms for the health-life satisfaction association. Results The study found a negative association between ill health and life satisfaction. Compared to the healthy population, people with poor health were more likely to experience worsened work situations. A negative work situation is further associated with lower life satisfaction, and the pandemic aggravated life satisfaction for those who had worsened work situations. When exploring central contributing factors for life satisfaction, we found that health-related risks and work-life balance played predominant roles in predicting life satisfaction before the pandemic, while different types of household structure were among the most important predictors of life satisfaction during the pandemic. Conclusion A reduction in life satisfaction is explained by ill health, but different underlying mechanisms facilitated people's life satisfaction before and during the pandemic. While work situation and health risks were important predictors for life satisfaction in 2019, worries about more unstable work situations and less access to family support accentuated worsened life satisfaction in 2020. The findings suggest the necessity of labour market interventions that address the security and maintenance of proper and predictable work situations, especially in these more uncertain times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zou Bakkeli
- Consumption Studies Norway, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postal Address: P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway
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Development and Implementation of 'Just Right' Physical Behavior in Industrial Work Based on the Goldilocks Work Principle-A Feasibility Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094707. [PMID: 33925078 PMCID: PMC8125316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Goldilocks Work Principle expresses that productive work should be redesigned to comprise physical behaviors of different intensities in a composition promoting workers' health and fitness. This study is the first to assess the feasibility of redesigning work in an industrial setting according to the Goldilocks Work Principle. We recruited workers (n = 20) from a brewery in Denmark, and we conducted a participatory 16-week intervention including a workshop and two consultations. The workshop aimed to support the workers in modifying their work, while the consultations assisted the eventual implementation. Feasibility was evaluated as per three aspects: (1) developing modifications of work, (2) implementing these modifications, and (3) changing physical behavior and self-reported fatigue, pain and energy. The three aspects were addressed through records completed by the workers, measurements of workers' physical behavior and intensity during 'control' workdays (i.e., usual work) and 'intervention' workdays (i.e., modified work), and self-reported fatigue, pain and energy level following both types of workday. Five modifications to work were developed, and three of these five modifications were implemented. To some extent, physical behavior and intensity changed as intended during 'intervention' workdays compared to 'control' workdays. Workers were also less fatigued, had less pain, and had more energy after 'intervention' workdays. These results suggest that it is feasible to develop and implement modified work based on the Goldilocks Work Principle among industrial workers. However, we also identified several barriers to the implementation of such modifications.
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Time Perspective and the Risk of Developing Burnout: An Empirical Study among Different Blue-Collar Workers in Spain. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between the time perspective of Spanish shipyard workers in relation to burnout compared to other blue-collar workers in other sectors, including a total of 644 participants in a shipyard in northern Spain and 223 workers in other sectors. The ages were between 20 and 69 (M = 46.14, SD = 10.98). We used the Spanish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Instrument (ZTPI) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey (MBI-GS). The mean of the three reliability coefficients of the emotional exhaustion factor was 0.887. In respect to the five factors of the ZTPI questionnaire, the mean of those five coefficients was 0.86. A Student’s t-test for independent samples comparing shipyard naval workers vs. the control group in personality variables and burnout was used. The psychological difference between workers in the naval sector and those in other sectors is better predicted based on two variables: emotional exhaustion and professional efficacy. Workers in the naval sector have a higher risk of becoming burnt-out than workers in other sectors due to a negative past, present and future time perspective. This can be a consequence of constant understimulation and monotonous and repetitive work, as well as a lack of autonomy and social support at work.
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25
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Shiri R, Hiilamo A, Lallukka T. Indicators and determinants of the years of working life lost: a narrative review. Scand J Public Health 2021; 49:666-674. [PMID: 33645306 PMCID: PMC8512267 DOI: 10.1177/1403494821993669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This narrative review summarizes the available indicators for working life
expectancy and years of working life lost (YWLL) and their determinants. Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase databases from their inception until August
2020 and screened all studies proposing an indicator for working life
expectancy or YWLL. We also reviewed studies focusing on sociodemographic,
lifestyle and work-related determinants of working life expectancy and YWLL.
The results were synthesized narratively. Results: We identified 13 different indicators for the length of working life or YWLL.
The most frequently used indicators were ‘working life expectancy’, ‘healthy
working life expectancy’, and YWLL. Working life expectancy and healthy
working life expectancy are longer for men than women. Working life
expectancy at the age of 50 has been increasing since the mid-90s, and the
increase has been larger for women, reducing the sex difference. Working
life is shorter for people with a low level of education, in lower
occupational classes, for people exposed to high physical work demands,
those living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas, people with
overweight or obesity, smokers, people who are inactive during leisure time
and in people with a chronic health problem. Conclusions: Despite increasing interest in understanding the determinants of YWLL,
only a few studies have simultaneously considered multiple exit routes
from the labour market. We propose a new measure for total YWLL
considering all relevant exit routes from employment. This comprehensive
measure can be used to assess the effect of given policy changes on
prolonging working life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aapo Hiilamo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Laaksonen M. Increasing labor force participation in older age requires investments in work ability. Scand J Work Environ Health 2021; 47:1-3. [PMID: 33244612 PMCID: PMC7801137 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Bláfoss R, Skovlund SV, López-Bueno R, Calatayud J, Sundstrup E, Andersen LL. Is hard physical work in the early working life associated with back pain later in life? A cross-sectional study among 5700 older workers. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e040158. [PMID: 33293310 PMCID: PMC7722822 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physically demanding work increases the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders during working life, with low back pain (LBP) as the most prevalent and debilitating musculoskeletal disorder worldwide. However, a lack of knowledge exists about the role of early working years on musculoskeletal health later in life. This study investigated whether an exposure-response association exists between physical demands in early working life and risk of LBP in later working life. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND OUTCOME MEASURE In the SeniorWorkingLife study, 5909 wage earners aged ≥50 years with currently sedentary work replied to a questionnaire survey in 2018 about physical work demands during their first working years (exposure) and current LBP (outcome). Associations between physical work demands in the early working years and current LBP were modelled using general linear models controlling for various confounders, combined with model-assisted weights based on national registers. RESULTS Hard physical work during early working life was associated with more intense LBP later in life among senior workers with currently sedentary jobs. In the fully adjusted model, workers with 'standing/walking work with lifting/carrying' and 'heavy or fast work that is physically strenuous' during the first years of working life reported higher LBP intensity than those with sedentary work during their first working years (0.2 (95% CI, 0.0 to 0.4) and 0.6 (95% CI, 0.4 to 0.9), respectively). CONCLUSION Work involving lifting/carrying or work that is physically strenuous in early life is associated with higher intensity of LBP among older workers with currently sedentary employment. These findings suggest that early working life may have an impact on later working years and underscore the necessity for careful introduction and instruction to the working environment for retaining musculoskeletal health and prolonging working life. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03634410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúni Bláfoss
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Venge Skovlund
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquin Calatayud
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emil Sundstrup
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars L Andersen
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Weber D, Loichinger E. Live longer, retire later? Developments of healthy life expectancies and working life expectancies between age 50–59 and age 60–69 in Europe. Eur J Ageing 2020; 19:75-93. [PMID: 35241999 PMCID: PMC8881563 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-020-00592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEurope’s population is ageing. Statutory retirement ages are commonly raised to account for continuous increases in life expectancy. In order to estimate the potential to increase statutory and consequently effective retirement ages further, in this study, we investigate the relationship between partial working life expectancy (WLE) and three health expectancies that represent health aspects important for work ability and employability between ages 50 and 59 as well as 60 and 69 for women and men in Europe. We also explore the association between these four indicators and the highest level of educational attainment. We apply Sullivan’s method to estimate WLE and three selected measures that capture general, physical, and cognitive health status of older adults for 26 European countries since 2004. Over time, WLEs increased significantly in the younger age group for women and in the older age group for both sexes. The expected number of years in good physical health have continuously been higher than any of the other three indicators, while the expected number of years in good cognitive health have shown a noticeable increase over time. The investigation of the relationship between education and each life expectancy confirms the well-established positive correlation between education and economic activity as well as good health. Our results indicate potential to extend working lives beyond current levels. However, significant differences in the expected number of years in good health between persons with different levels of education require policies that account for this heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Weber
- Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/OEAW, WU), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
- Health Economics and Policy Division, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Welthandelsplatz 1, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Loichinger
- Federal Institute for Population Research, 65185 Wiesbaden, Germany
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Detaille S, Reig-Botella A, Clemente M, López-Golpe J, De Lange A. Burnout and Time Perspective of Blue-Collar Workers at the Shipyard. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186905. [PMID: 32967346 PMCID: PMC7558390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: The aim of the research was to investigate the association between time perspective in relation to burnout and successful ageing of blue-collar workers with physically highly demanding work and low autonomy. Shipyard blue-collar workers usually do predominantly manual labor versus white-collar workers, whose jobs do not usually involve physical work. Methods: 497 participants workers in a shipyard in the north of Spain. Ages were between 20 and 69 (M = 46.62, SD = 10.79). We used the Zimbardo Time Perspective Instrument (ZTPI), Spanish version, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey (MBI-GS). Results: Emotional exhaustion factor obtained a coefficient of 0.97; cynicism factor of 0.83; and professional efficacy factor of p = 0.86. The mean of the three reliability coefficients was 0.887. With respect to the five factors of the ZTPI questionnaire: the negative past factor obtained a coefficient of p = 0.91; that of positive past p = 0.81; the present hedonistic of 0.878; the future of p = 0.83; and the fatalistic present of p = 0.90. The mean of the five coefficients, was p = 0.86. Conclusions: Within shipyard workers, burnout is associated with a negative past and negative future time perspective. This makes shipyard workers at a higher risk of developing burnout and this can have serious consequences for the sustainable employability of these blue-collar workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Detaille
- Department of Human Resource Management, HAN University of Applied Sciences in Nijmegen, 6525EJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.D.); (A.D.L.)
- Department of Psychology, Universidade da Coruna, 15701 A Coruña, Spain; (M.C.); (J.L.-G.)
| | - Adela Reig-Botella
- Department of Human Resource Management, HAN University of Applied Sciences in Nijmegen, 6525EJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.D.); (A.D.L.)
- Department of Psychology, Universidade da Coruna, 15701 A Coruña, Spain; (M.C.); (J.L.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Miguel Clemente
- Department of Psychology, Universidade da Coruna, 15701 A Coruña, Spain; (M.C.); (J.L.-G.)
| | - Jaime López-Golpe
- Department of Psychology, Universidade da Coruna, 15701 A Coruña, Spain; (M.C.); (J.L.-G.)
| | - Annet De Lange
- Department of Human Resource Management, HAN University of Applied Sciences in Nijmegen, 6525EJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.D.); (A.D.L.)
- Department of Psychology, Universidade da Coruna, 15701 A Coruña, Spain; (M.C.); (J.L.-G.)
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University Heerlen, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Norwegian School of Hotel Management, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Schram JL, Solovieva S, Leinonen T, Viikari-Juntura E, Burdorf A, Robroek SJ. The influence of occupational class and physical workload on working life expectancy among older employees. Scand J Work Environ Health 2020; 47:5-14. [PMID: 32869106 PMCID: PMC7801139 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study investigates the impact of physical workload factors and occupational class on working life expectancy (WLE) and working years lost (WYL) in a sample of older Finnish workers. Methods: A 70% random sample of Finns in 2004 was linked to a job exposure matrix for physical workload factors and register information on occupational class and labor market status until 2014. Transitions between being at work, time-restricted work disability, unemployment, economic inactivity, disability retirement, retirement and death were estimated. A multistate Cox regression model with transition-specific covariates was used to estimate the WLE and WYL at age 50 up to 63 years for each occupational class and physical workload factor for men and women (N=415 105). Results: At age 50, male and female manual workers had a WLE of 10.13 and 10.14 years, respectively. Among both genders, manual workers had one year shorter WLE at age 50 than upper non-manual employees. This difference was largely attributable to unemployment (men: 0.60, women: 0.66 years) and disability retirement (men: 0.28, women: 0.29 years). Self-employed persons had the highest WLE (11.08 years). Men and women exposed to four or five physical workload factors had about one year lower WLE than non-exposed workers. The difference was primarily attributable to ill-health-related reasons, including disability retirement (men: 0.45 years, women: 0.53 years) and time-restricted work disability (men: 0.23, women: 0.33 years). Conclusions: Manual workers and those exposed to physical workload factors had the lowest WLE. The differences in WYL between exposure groups can primarily be explained by ill-health-based exit routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolinda Ld Schram
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
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