1
|
Gong T, Liu X, Wang X, Lu Y, Wang X. Applications of polysaccharides in enzyme-triggered oral colon-specific drug delivery systems: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133623. [PMID: 38969037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme-triggered oral colon-specific drug delivery system (EtOCDDS1) can withstand the harsh stomach and small intestine environments, releasing encapsulated drugs selectively in the colon in response to colonic microflora, exerting local or systematic therapeutic effects. EtOCDDS boasts high colon targetability, enhanced drug bioavailability, and reduced systemic side effects. Polysaccharides are extensively used in enzyme-triggered oral colon-specific drug delivery systems, and its colon targetability has been widely confirmed, as their properties meet the demand of EtOCDDS. Polysaccharides, known for their high safety and excellent biocompatibility, feature modifiable structures. Some remain undigested in the stomach and small intestine, whether in their natural state or after modifications, and are exclusively broken down by colon-resident microbiota. Such characteristics make them ideal materials for EtOCDDS. This article reviews the design principles of EtOCDDS as well as commonly used polysaccharides and their characteristics, modifications, applications and specific mechanism for colon targeting. The article concludes by summarizing the limitations and potential of ETOCDDS to stimulate the development of innovative design approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yunqian Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shariff S, Kwan Su Huey A, Parag Soni N, Yahia A, Hammoud D, Nazir A, Uwishema O, Wojtara M. Unlocking the gut-heart axis: exploring the role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular health and disease. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2752-2758. [PMID: 38694298 PMCID: PMC11060260 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal player in cardiovascular health and disease, extending its influence beyond the gut through intricate metabolic processes and interactions with the immune system. Accumulating evidence supports a significant association between gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Dietary patterns have been identified as key factors shaping the composition of the gut microbiota and exerting notable impacts on cardiovascular health. Probiotics and prebiotics have shown promise in mitigating the risks of cardiovascular disease by modulating key cardiovascular parameters. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has recently emerged as a novel and intriguing therapeutic strategy. Aim This review paper aims to explore and elucidate the multifaceted role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular health. It will also address the prevailing challenges and limitations in gut microbiota studies, emphasizing the importance of future research in overcoming these obstacles to expand our understanding of the gut-heart axis. Materials and methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various databases including ClinicalTrials, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Ovid Resources. The search strategy included utilizing keywords such as "Gut microbiota," "Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)," "Gut-heart axis," "Dysbiosis," "Diet," "Probiotics," "Prebiotics," "Faecal Microbiota transplantation," "cardiovascular disease," "Meta-analyses," and other compatible terms thereof. Only articles written in English were considered, and selection criteria included relevance to the research objectives, reasonable sample sizes, and robust methodology. In addition to the identified articles, meta-analyses, animal models and studies, and references from the selected articles were also examined to ensure a comprehensive review of the literature. Results Dietary patterns exert a significant influence on the composition of the gut microbiota, and certain diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, have been associated with a favourable gut microbiota profile and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Probiotics and prebiotics have emerged as potential interventions to mitigate CVD risks by modulating blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profiles, and gut dysbiosis. Another innovative therapeutic approach is FMT, which involves transferring faecal material from a healthy donor to restore a balanced gut microbiota. FMT holds promise for improving cardiometabolic parameters in individuals with CVD, although further research is needed to elucidate its precise mechanisms and assess its effectiveness. Conclusion The gut microbiota is emerging as a potential therapeutic target for CVD prevention and management. However, current research has limitations, including the need for larger and more diverse studies, the challenges of establishing causality, and concerns regarding the long-term consequences and safety of gut microbiota modulation. Despite these limitations, understanding the gut-heart axis holds promise for the development of personalized therapies and interventions for cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to expand our knowledge and address the ethical and safety issues associated with gut microbiota modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanobar Shariff
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Alicia Kwan Su Huey
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Medical School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nishant Parag Soni
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- GMERS Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Amer Yahia
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Mohamed 6 of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Doha Hammoud
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Abubakar Nazir
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Olivier Uwishema
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Clinton Global Initiative University, New York, NY
- Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Magda Wojtara
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ouyang J, Zhao L, Song Y, Qu H, Du T, Shi L, Cui Z, Jiang Z, Gao Z. Trends in gut-heart axis and heart failure research (1993-2023): A bibliometric and visual analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25995. [PMID: 38404792 PMCID: PMC10884449 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of heart failure, the terminal stage of several cardiovascular diseases, is increasing owing to population growth and aging. Bidirectional crosstalk between the gut and heart plays a significant role in heart failure. This study aimed to analyze the gut-heart axis and heart failure from a bibliometric perspective. Methods We extracted literature regarding the gut-heart axis and heart failure from the Web of Science Core Collection database (January 1, 1993, to June 30, 2023) and conducted bibliometric and visualization analyses using Microsoft Excel, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the R package "bibliometrix." Results The final analysis included 1646 articles with an average of 35.38 citations per article. Despite some fluctuations, the number of articles published per year has steadily increased over the past 31 years, particularly since 2018. A total of 9412 authors from 2287 institutions in 86 countries have contributed to this field. The USA and China have been the most productive countries, with the Cleveland Clinic in the USA and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin in Germany being the most active institutions. The cooperation between countries/regions and institutions was relatively close. Professor Tang WHW was the most productive author in the field and the journal Shocks published the highest number of articles. "Heart failure," "gut microbiota," "trimethylamine N-oxide," and "inflammation" were the most common keywords, representing the current research hotspots. The keyword burst analysis indicated that "gut microbiota" and "short-chain fatty acids" are the current frontier research topics in this field. Conclusion Research on the gut-heart axis and heart failure is increasing. This bibliometric analysis indicated that the mechanisms associated with the gut-heart axis and heart failure, particularly the gut microbiota, trimethylamine N-oxide, inflammation, and short-chain fatty acids, will become hotspots and emerging trends in research in this field. These findings provide valuable insights into current research and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ouyang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lingli Zhao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yewen Song
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tianyi Du
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liu Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhijie Cui
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhonghui Jiang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhuye Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodrigues SG, van der Merwe S, Krag A, Wiest R. Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and medical perspective in chronic liver diseases. Semin Immunol 2024; 71:101859. [PMID: 38219459 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana G Rodrigues
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Schalk van der Merwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University hospital Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Liver Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luqman A, Hassan A, Ullah M, Naseem S, Ullah M, Zhang L, Din AU, Ullah K, Ahmad W, Wang G. Role of the intestinal microbiome and its therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorder. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1321395. [PMID: 38343539 PMCID: PMC10853344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1321395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a heterogeneous population of microbes comprising viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Such a microbiome is essential for sustaining host equilibrium, and its impact on human health can be altered by a variety of factors such as external variables, social behavior, age, nutrition, and genetics. Gut microbes' imbalances are related to a variety of chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, and digestive disorders. Globally, recent findings show that intestinal microbes have a significant role in the formation of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is still the primary cause of fatalities. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, and some inherited variables are all cardiovascular risk variables. However, studies found correlations between metabolism, intestinal flora, and dietary intake. Variations in the diversity of gut microbes and changes in their activity are thought to influence CVD etiology. Furthermore, the gut microbiota acts as an endocrine organ, producing bioactive metabolites such as TMA (trimethylamine)/TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide), SCFA (short-chain fatty acids), and bile acids, which have a substantial impact on host wellness and disease by multiple mechanisms. The purpose of this overview is to compile current evidence highlighting the intricate links between gut microbiota, metabolites, and the development of CVD. It focuses on how intestinal dysbiosis promotes CVD risk factors such as heart failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. This review explores the normal physiology of intestinal microbes and potential techniques for targeting gut bacteria for CVD treatment using various microbial metabolites. It also examines the significance of gut bacteria in disease treatment, including supplements, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotic therapies, and fecal transplantation, which is an innovative approach to the management of CVD. As a result, gut bacteria and metabolic pathways become increasingly attractive as potential targets for CVD intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Luqman
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
| | - Adil Hassan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Mehtab Ullah
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sahar Naseem
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mehraj Ullah
- School of Fermentation Engineering Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Kamran Ullah
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alake SE, Ice J, Robinson K, Price P, Hatter B, Wozniak K, Lin D, Chowanadisai W, Smith BJ, Lucas EA. Reduced estrogen signaling contributes to bone loss and cardiac dysfunction in interleukin-10 knockout mice. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15914. [PMID: 38217044 PMCID: PMC10787104 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (KO) mouse with chronic gut inflammation, cardiovascular dysfunction, and bone loss suggests a critical role for this cytokine in interorgan communication within the gut, bone, and cardiovascular axis. We sought to understand the role of IL-10 in the cross-talk between these systems. Six-week-old IL-10 KO mice and their wild type (WT) counterparts were maintained on a standard rodent diet for 3 or 6 months. Gene expression of proinflammatory markers and Fgf23, serum 17β-estradiol (E2), and cardiac protein expression were assessed. Ileal Il17a and Tnf mRNA increased while Il6 mRNA increased in the bone and heart by at least 2-fold in IL-10 KO mice. Bone Dmp1 and Phex mRNA were repressed at 6 months in IL-10 KO mice, resulting in increased Fgf23 mRNA (~4-fold) that contributed to increased fibrosis. In the IL-10 KO mice, gut bacterial β-glucuronidase activity and ovarian Cyp19a1 mRNA were lower (p < 0.05), consistent with reduced serum E2 and reduced cardiac pNOS3 (Ser1119 ) in these mice. Treatment of ileal lymphocytes with E2 reduced gut inflammation in WT but not IL-10 KO mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that diminished estrogen and defective bone mineralization increased FGF23 which contributed to cardiac fibrosis in the IL-10 KO mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanmi E. Alake
- Department of Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - John Ice
- Department of Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Kara Robinson
- Department of Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Payton Price
- Department of Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Bethany Hatter
- Department of Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Karen Wozniak
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Department of Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Winyoo Chowanadisai
- Department of Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Brenda J. Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyIndiana School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal HealthIndiana School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Edralin A. Lucas
- Department of Nutritional SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hammad MI, Conrads G, Abdelbary MMH. Isolation, identification, and significance of salivary Veillonella spp., Prevotella spp., and Prevotella salivae in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1278582. [PMID: 38053528 PMCID: PMC10694262 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1278582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is on the rise, prompting significant attention from researchers worldwide. IBD entails chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestinal tract, characterized by alternating flares and remissions. Through high-throughput sequencing, numerous studies have unveiled a potential microbial signature for IBD patients showing intestinal enrichment of oral-associated bacteria. Simultaneously, the oral microbiome can be perturbed by intestinal inflammation. Our prior investigation, based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, underscored elevated abundance of Veillonella spp. and Prevotella spp. in the salivary microbiomes of IBD patients. Noteworthy, Prevotella salivae emerged as a distinct species significantly associated with IBD. P. salivae is an under-recognized pathogen that was found to play a role in both oral and systemic diseases. In this study, we delve deeper into the salivary microbiomes of both IBD patients and healthy controls. Employing diverse cultivation techniques and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions (RT-qPCR), we gauged the prevalence and abundance of Veillonella spp., Prevotella spp., and P. salivae. Our isolation efforts yielded 407 and 168 strains of Veillonella spp., as well as 173 and 90 strains of Prevotella spp., from the saliva samples of IBD patients and healthy controls, respectively. Veillonella-vancomycin agar emerged as the discerning choice for optimal Veillonella spp. cultivation, while Schaedler kanamycin-vancomycin agar proved to be the most suitable medium for cultivating Prevotella spp. strains. Comparing our RT-qPCR findings to the previous 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data, the results corroborated the higher abundance of Veillonella spp., Prevotella spp., and P. salivae in the saliva of IBD patients compared to healthy controls. However, it's worth noting that in contrast to RT-qPCR, the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data revealed greater absolute abundance of all three bacterial groups in both IBD patients and controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moshira I. Hammad
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed M. H. Abdelbary
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ermakov VS, Granados JC, Nigam SK. Remote effects of kidney drug transporter OAT1 on gut microbiome composition and urate homeostasis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172341. [PMID: 37937647 PMCID: PMC10721261 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The organic anion transporter OAT1 (SLC22A6, originally identified as NKT) is a multispecific transporter responsible for the elimination by the kidney of small organic anions that derive from the gut microbiome. Many are uremic toxins associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). OAT1 is among a group of "drug" transporters that act as hubs in a large homeostatic network regulating interorgan and interorganismal communication via small molecules. The Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory predicts that genetic deletion of such a key hub in the network results in compensatory interorganismal communication (e.g., host-gut microbe dynamics). Recent metabolomics data from Oat1-KO mice indicate that some of the most highly affected metabolites derive from bacterial tyrosine, tryptophan, purine, and fatty acid metabolism. Functional metagenomic analysis of fecal 16S amplicon and whole-genome sequencing revealed that loss of OAT1 was impressively associated with microbial pathways regulating production of urate, gut-derived p-cresol, tryptophan derivatives, and fatty acids. Certain changes, such as alterations in gut microbiome urate metabolism, appear compensatory. Thus, Oat1 in the kidney appears to mediate remote interorganismal communication by regulating the gut microbiome composition and metabolic capability. Since OAT1 function in the proximal tubule is substantially affected in CKD, our results may shed light on the associated alterations in gut-microbiome dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanjay K. Nigam
- Department of Pediatrics, and
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saxami G, Kerezoudi EN, Eliopoulos C, Arapoglou D, Kyriacou A. The Gut-Organ Axis within the Human Body: Gut Dysbiosis and the Role of Prebiotics. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2023. [PMID: 37895405 PMCID: PMC10608660 DOI: 10.3390/life13102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota (GM) is a complex microbial ecosystem that colonises the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and is comprised of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The GM has a symbiotic relationship with its host that is fundamental for body homeostasis. The GM is not limited to the scope of the GIT, but there are bidirectional interactions between the GM and other organs, highlighting the concept of the "gut-organ axis". Any deviation from the normal composition of the GM, termed "microbial dysbiosis", is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Only a few studies have demonstrated a relationship between GM modifications and disease phenotypes, and it is still unknown whether an altered GM contributes to a disease or simply reflects its status. Restoration of the GM with probiotics and prebiotics has been postulated, but evidence for the effects of prebiotics is limited. Prebiotics are substrates that are "selectively utilized by host microorganisms, conferring a health benefit". This study highlights the bidirectional relationship between the gut and vital human organs and demonstrates the relationship between GM dysbiosis and the emergence of certain representative diseases. Finally, this article focuses on the potential of prebiotics as a target therapy to manipulate the GM and presents the gaps in the literature and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Saxami
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (E.N.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Evangelia N. Kerezoudi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (E.N.K.); (A.K.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Christos Eliopoulos
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, L. Sof. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece; (C.E.); (D.A.)
| | - Dimitrios Arapoglou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, L. Sof. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece; (C.E.); (D.A.)
| | - Adamantini Kyriacou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (E.N.K.); (A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Zhang J, Diao J, Jia S, Feng P, Yu P, Cheng G. Anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective effect of gypenoside against isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodeling in rats via alteration of inflammation and gut microbiota. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2731-2750. [PMID: 37603159 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly referred to as a heart attack, occurs when the blood flow to a portion of the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. In this study, we scrutinized the cardioprotective effect of gypenoside against the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury (MI) in the rats. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follow: normal, gypenoside (10 mg/kg), ISO control, and ISO control treated with the gypenoside (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg). Various parameters were estimated such as infract size, hemodynamic, inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiac, cytokines, and apoptotic markers. We also estimated the gut microbiota in the faces of the experimental rats. Finally, heart tissue histopathology performed. RESULT Dose-dependent treatment of gypenoside significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the infracted size along with suppression of the heart weight and heart ratio along with enhance the body weight. Gypenoside treatment considerably altered the level of cardiac parameters, cardiac membrane stabilizing enzyme, hemodynamic parameters, antioxidant, lipid parameters, hepatic parameters, renal parameters, inflammatory cytokines, and mediators. Gypenoside significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed the level of apoptotic markers such as caspase-3, caspase-6, and caspase-9. Gypenoside significantly (P < 0.001) altered the relative abundance of unclassified bacteria, Tenericutes, Candidatus_Saccharibacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and suppressed the ratio of F/B. CONCLUSION Gypenoside acts as a protective phytoconstituents against the ISO-induced myocardial infraction in the rats via alteration of gut microbiota, inflammatory, and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Jiayu Diao
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Shuo Jia
- Department of Emergency, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Panpan Feng
- Department of General Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Penghua Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Salomon JD, Qiu H, Feng D, Owens J, Khailova L, Osorio Lujan S, Iguidbashian J, Chhonker YS, Murry DJ, Riethoven JJ, Lindsey ML, Singh AB, Davidson JA. Piglet cardiopulmonary bypass induces intestinal dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction associated with systemic inflammation. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:284641. [PMID: 36426663 PMCID: PMC9844230 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is essential to human health and homeostasis, and is implicated in the pathophysiology of disease, including congenital heart disease and cardiac surgery. Improving the microbiome and reducing inflammatory metabolites may reduce systemic inflammation following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to expedite recovery post-operatively. Limited research exists in this area and identifying animal models that can replicate changes in the human intestinal microbiome after CPB is necessary. We used a piglet model of CPB with two groups, CPB (n=5) and a control group with mechanical ventilation (n=7), to evaluate changes to the microbiome, intestinal barrier dysfunction and intestinal metabolites with inflammation after CPB. We identified significant changes to the microbiome, barrier dysfunction, intestinal short-chain fatty acids and eicosanoids, and elevated cytokines in the CPB/deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group compared to the control group at just 4 h after intervention. This piglet model of CPB replicates known human changes to intestinal flora and metabolite profiles, and can be used to evaluate gut interventions aimed at reducing downstream inflammation after cardiac surgery with CPB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Salomon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68102, USA
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68102, USA
- Author for correspondence ()
| | - Haowen Qiu
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68102, USA
| | - Jacob Owens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68102, USA
| | - Ludmila Khailova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - John Iguidbashian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yashpal S. Chhonker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, NE 68102, USA
| | - Daryl J. Murry
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, NE 68102, USA
| | - Jean-Jack Riethoven
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Merry L. Lindsey
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68102, USA
| | - Jesse A. Davidson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kwon C, Ediriweera MK, Kim Cho S. Interplay between Phytochemicals and the Colonic Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081989. [PMID: 37111207 PMCID: PMC10145007 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are natural compounds found in food ingredients with a variety of health-promoting properties. Phytochemicals improve host health through their direct systematic absorption into the circulation and modulation of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota increases the bioactivity of phytochemicals and is a symbiotic partner whose composition and/or diversity is altered by phytochemicals and affects host health. In this review, the interactions of phytochemicals with the gut microbiota and their impact on human diseases are reviewed. We describe the role of intestinal microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, amino acid derivatives, and vitamins, from a therapeutic perspective. Next, phytochemical metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and the therapeutic effect of some selected metabolites are reviewed. Many phytochemicals are degraded by enzymes unique to the gut microbiota and act as signaling molecules in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and metabolic pathways. Phytochemicals can ameliorate diseases by altering the composition and/or diversity of the gut microbiota, and they increase the abundance of some gut microbiota that produce beneficial substances. We also discuss the importance of investigating the interactions between phytochemicals and gut microbiota in controlled human studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chohee Kwon
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Industry, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 008, Sri Lanka
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Industry, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kida K, Miyajima I, Suzuki N, Greenberg BH, Akashi YJ. Nutritional management of heart failure. J Cardiol 2023; 81:283-291. [PMID: 36370995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition in the cardiovascular field to date has focused on improving lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension and diabetes from the viewpoint of secondary prevention. For these conditions, "nutrition for weight loss" is recommended, and nutritional guidance that restricts calories is provided. On the other hand, in symptomatic Stage C and D heart failure, it is known that underweight patients who manifest poor nutrition, sarcopenia, and cardiac cachexia have a poor prognosis. This is referred to as the "Obesity paradox". In order to "avoid weight loss" in patients with heart failure, a paradigm shift to nutritional management to prevent weight loss is needed. Rather than prescribing uniform recommendation for salt reduction of 6 g/day or less, awareness of the behavior change stage model is attracting attention. In this setting, the value of salt restriction will need to be determined to determine the priority level of intervention for undernutrition versus the need to prevent congestive signs and symptoms. In the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)/Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) for acute heart failure, nutritional intervention should be considered within 48 h of admission. Key points are selection of access route, timing of intervention, and monitoring of side effects. In nutritional management at home and in end-of-life care, food is a reflection of an individual's values, as well as a source of joy and encouragement. The importance of digestive tract should also be recognized in heart failure from oral flail to intestinal edema, constipation, and the intestinal bacteria called the heart-gut axis. Finally, we would like to propose a new term "heart nutrition" for nutritional management in patients with heart failure in this review. Compared to the evidence for exercise therapy in heart failure, studies assessing nutritional management remain scarce and there is a need for research in this area in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kida
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
| | - Isao Miyajima
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Norio Suzuki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Barry H Greenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yoshihiro J Akashi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Voroneanu L, Burlacu A, Brinza C, Covic A, Balan GG, Nistor I, Popa C, Hogas S, Covic A. Gut Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Composition to Modulation towards Better Outcomes-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051948. [PMID: 36902734 PMCID: PMC10003930 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A bidirectional kidney-gut axis was described in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). On the one hand, gut dysbiosis could promote CKD progression, but on the other hand, studies reported specific gut microbiota alterations linked to CKD. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the literature on gut microbiota composition in CKD patients, including those with advanced CKD stages and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), possibilities to shift gut microbiota, and its impact on clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases to find eligible studies using pre-specified keywords. Additionally, key inclusion and exclusion criteria were pre-defined to guide the eligibility assessment. RESULTS We retrieved 69 eligible studies which met all inclusion criteria and were analyzed in the present systematic review. Microbiota diversity was decreased in CKD patients as compared to healthy individuals. Ruminococcus and Roseburia had good power to discriminate between CKD patients and healthy controls (AUC = 0.771 and AUC = 0.803, respectively). Roseburia abundance was consistently decreased in CKD patients, especially in those with ESKD (p < 0.001). A model based on 25 microbiota dissimilarities had an excellent predictive power for diabetic nephropathy (AUC = 0.972). Several microbiota patterns were observed in deceased ESKD patients as compared to the survivor group (increased Lactobacillus, Yersinia, and decreased Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium levels). Additionally, gut dysbiosis was associated with peritonitis and enhanced inflammatory activity. In addition, some studies documented a beneficial effect on gut flora composition attributed to synbiotic and probiotic therapies. Large randomized clinical trials are required to investigate the impact of different microbiota modulation strategies on gut microflora composition and subsequent clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CKD had an altered gut microbiome profile, even at early disease stages. Different abundance at genera and species levels could be used in clinical models to discriminate between healthy individuals and patients with CKD. ESKD patients with an increased mortality risk could be identified through gut microbiota analysis. Modulation therapy studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Voroneanu
- Nephrology Department, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” University Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Burlacu
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Crischentian Brinza
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Covic
- Nephrology Department, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” University Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Gheorghe G. Balan
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. 1 Spiridon Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionut Nistor
- Nephrology Department, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” University Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Popa
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Simona Hogas
- Nephrology Department, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” University Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Department, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” University Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Balto H, Al-Hadlaq S, Alhadlaq A, El-Ansary A. Gum-gut axis: The potential role of salivary biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring progress of inflammatory bowel diseases. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:24-30. [PMID: 36817025 PMCID: PMC9931521 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut mucosa is an extension of the oral mucosa, and both are directly linked. There is emerging evidence that pathogenic oral microbiome contributes greatly to the risk of developing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota can interfere with the host immune system's ability to respond normally, thereby increasing the development of periodontitis which raises the risk of IBD, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and other complex disease processes. Salivary biomarkers are possibly important for determining the incidence, severity, and remission of IBD. Nevertheless, clinical translation of biomarker knowledge from lab to clinical practice needs further studies that identify biomarkers related to the transitional phase between healthy and unhealthy. In this review, the bidirectional pathway between the gut and the oral cavity was investigated and several aspects were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Balto
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Central Research Laboratory, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Solaiman Al-Hadlaq
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author.
| | | | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Research Laboratory, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang T, Ren H, Du Z, Zou T, Guang X, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Zhu L, Yu J, Yu X, Zhang Z, Dai H. Diversified Shifts in the Cross Talk between Members of the Gut Microbiota and Development of Coronary Artery Diseases. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0280422. [PMID: 36301099 PMCID: PMC9769841 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02804-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of leading causes of mortality worldwide. Studies on roles that the gut microbiota plays in development of atherosclerosis or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been widely reported. However, the gut microbiota is affected by many factors, including age, body mass index (BMI), and hypertension, that lead to high CAD risk. However, the associations between gut microbiota and CAD development or other CAD risk factors remain unexplored. Here, we performed a 16S RNA gene sequencing analysis of 306 fecal samples collected from patients with mild coronary stenosis (MCS; n = 36), stable angina (SA; n = 91), unstable angina (UA; n = 48), and acute myocardial infarction (AMI; n = 66) and 65 non-CAD controls. Using a noise-corrected method based on principal-component analysis (PCA) and the random forest algorithm, we identified the interference with gut microbial profiling of multiple factors (including age, gender, BMI, and hypertension) that potentially contributed significantly to the development of CAD. After correction of noise interference from certain interfering factors, we found consistent indicator microbiota organisms (such as Vampirovibrio, Ruminococcus, and Eisenbergiella) associated with the presence of MCS, SA, and AMI. Establishment of a diagnostic model revealed better performance in early CAD than clinical indexes with indicator microbes. Furthermore, indicator microbes can improve the accuracy of clinical indexes for the diagnosis of AMI. Additionally, we found that the microbial indicators of AMI Sporobacter and Eisenbergiella showed consistent positive and negative correlations to the clinical indexes creatine kinase (CK) and hemoglobin (Hb), respectively. As a control indicator of AMI, Dorea was negatively correlated with CK but positively correlated with Hb. IMPORTANCE Our study discovered the effect of confounding factors on gut microbial variations and identified gut microbial indicators possibly associated with the CAD development after noise correction. Our discovered indicator microbes may have potential for diagnosis or therapy of cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiqing Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Du
- Department of Ultrasonography, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangkun Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Candida Administration in 5/6 Nephrectomized Mice Enhanced Fibrosis in Internal Organs: An Impact of Lipopolysaccharide and (1→3)-β-D-Glucan from Leaky Gut. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415987. [PMID: 36555628 PMCID: PMC9784901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic toxins and gut dysbiosis in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) can induce gut leakage, causing the translocation of gut microbial molecules into the systemic circulation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG) are the major gut microbial molecules of Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, respectively, and can induce inflammation in several organs. Here, the fibrosis in the kidney, liver, and heart was investigated in oral C. albicans-administered 5/6 nephrectomized (Candida-5/6 Nx) mice. At 20 weeks post 5/6 Nx, Candida-5/6 Nx mice demonstrated increased 24 h proteinuria, liver enzymes, and serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10), but not weight loss, systolic blood pressure, hematocrit, serum creatinine, or gut-derived uremic toxins (TMAO and indoxyl sulfate), compared to in 5/6 Nx alone. The gut leakage in Candida-5/6 Nx was more severe, as indicated by FITC-dextran assay, endotoxemia, and serum BG. The areas of fibrosis from histopathology, along with the upregulated gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and Dectin-1, the receptors for LPS and BG, respectively, were higher in the kidney, liver, and heart. In vitro, LPS combined with BG increased the supernatant IL-6 and TNF-α, upregulated the genes of pro-inflammation and pro-fibrotic processes, Dectin-1, and TLR-4 in renal tubular (HK-2) cells and hepatocytes (HepG2), when compared with LPS or BG alone. This supported the pro-inflammation-induced fibrosis and the possible LPS-BG additive effects on kidney and liver fibrosis. In conclusion, uremia-induced leaky gut causes the translocation of gut LPS and BG into circulation, which activates the pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways, causing internal organ fibrosis. Our results support the crosstalk among several organs in CKD through a leaky gut.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ramirez-Olea H, Reyes-Ballesteros B, Chavez-Santoscoy RA. Potential application of the probiotic Bacillus licheniformis as an adjuvant in the treatment of diseases in humans and animals: A systematic review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:993451. [PMID: 36225361 PMCID: PMC9549136 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.993451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Bacillus licheniformis as a probiotic has increased significantly in recent years. Published reports demonstrate that it provides multiple benefits for health. Although there are already studies in humans and is marketed, it is mostly used in the veterinary industry still. However, its benefits could be extrapolated to humans in future. This review addresses the application of B. licheniformis, its sporulation, mechanisms of action, and its role in the resolution, treatment, and prevention of different conditions and diseases. It focuses on scientific advances from 2016 to mid-2022 and emphasizes the most common diseases in the general population. Most of the 70% of published studies about the health benefits of B. licheniformis have been published from 2016 until now. The intake of B. licheniformis has been related to the effects of modulation of the intestinal microbiota, antimicrobial activity, growth promotion, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory effects, promotion of the regulation of the lipid profile, increase of neurotransmitters, and stress reduction, among others. These results provide novel possible applications of this and other probiotics in general. Although many benefits can be reported on a microorganism, the combination with others could provide a better effect. Further studies like this need to be done to understand the specific advantages of each probiotic and its strains and therefore achieve a better selection of them for a specific disease or disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Ramirez-Olea
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Reyes-Ballesteros
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Campus Estado de México, Ciudad López Mateos, MX, Mexico
| | - Rocio Alejandra Chavez-Santoscoy
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Rocio Alejandra Chavez-Santoscoy,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Polyphenols–Gut–Heart: An Impactful Relationship to Improve Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091700. [PMID: 36139775 PMCID: PMC9495581 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy gut provides the perfect habitat for trillions of bacteria, called the intestinal microbiota, which is greatly responsive to the long-term diet; it exists in a symbiotic relationship with the host and provides circulating metabolites, hormones, and cytokines necessary for human metabolism. The gut–heart axis is a novel emerging concept based on the accumulating evidence that a perturbed gut microbiota, called dysbiosis, plays a role as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Consequently, recovery of the gut microbiota composition and function could represent a potential new avenue for improving patient outcomes. Despite their low absorption, preclinical evidence indicates that polyphenols and their metabolites are transformed by intestinal bacteria and halt detrimental microbes’ colonization in the host. Moreover, their metabolites are potentially effective in human health due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the causal role of gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure; to discuss the beneficial effects of polyphenols on the intestinal microbiota, and to hypothesize polyphenols or their derivatives as an opportunity to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases by shaping gut eubiosis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Clerbaux LA, Albertini MC, Amigó N, Beronius A, Bezemer GFG, Coecke S, Daskalopoulos EP, del Giudice G, Greco D, Grenga L, Mantovani A, Muñoz A, Omeragic E, Parissis N, Petrillo M, Saarimäki LA, Soares H, Sullivan K, Landesmann B. Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework. J Clin Med 2022; 11:4464. [PMID: 35956081 PMCID: PMC9369763 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing factors modulating COVID-19 is crucial since abundant clinical evidence shows that outcomes are markedly heterogeneous between patients. This requires identifying the factors and understanding how they mechanistically influence COVID-19. Here, we describe how eleven selected factors (age, sex, genetic factors, lipid disorders, heart failure, gut dysbiosis, diet, vitamin D deficiency, air pollution and exposure to chemicals) influence COVID-19 by applying the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP), which is well-established in regulatory toxicology. This framework aims to model the sequence of events leading to an adverse health outcome. Several linear AOPs depicting pathways from the binding of the virus to ACE2 up to clinical outcomes observed in COVID-19 have been developed and integrated into a network offering a unique overview of the mechanisms underlying the disease. As SARS-CoV-2 infectibility and ACE2 activity are the major starting points and inflammatory response is central in the development of COVID-19, we evaluated how those eleven intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulate those processes impacting clinical outcomes. Applying this AOP-aligned approach enables the identification of current knowledge gaps orientating for further research and allows to propose biomarkers to identify of high-risk patients. This approach also facilitates expertise synergy from different disciplines to address public health issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Alix Clerbaux
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | | | - Núria Amigó
- Biosfer Teslab SL., 43204 Reus, Spain;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 23204 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Beronius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Gillina F. G. Bezemer
- Impact Station, 1223 JR Hilversum, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Evangelos P. Daskalopoulos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Giusy del Giudice
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Dario Greco
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Lucia Grenga
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Ceze, France;
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Amalia Muñoz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440 Geel, Belgium;
| | - Elma Omeragic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Nikolaos Parissis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Mauro Petrillo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Laura A. Saarimäki
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Helena Soares
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Medical School, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Kristie Sullivan
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - Brigitte Landesmann
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Utilizing the Gastrointestinal Microbiota to Modulate Cattle Health through the Microbiome-Gut-Organ Axes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071391. [PMID: 35889109 PMCID: PMC9324549 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants have a mutualistic relationship with the host that influences the efficiency and health of the ruminants. The GIT microbiota interacts with the host immune system to influence not only the GIT, but other organs in the body as well. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of the role the gastrointestinal microbiota plays in modulating the health of a host through communication with different organs in the body through the microbiome-gut-organ axes. Among other things, the GIT microbiota produces metabolites for the host and prevents the colonization of pathogens. In order to prevent dysbiosis of the GIT microbiota, gut microbial therapies can be utilized to re-introduce beneficial bacteria and regain homeostasis within the rumen environment and promote gastrointestinal health. Additionally, controlling GIT dysbiosis can aid the immune system in preventing disfunction in other organ systems in the body through the microbiome-gut-brain axis, the microbiome-gut-lung axis, the microbiome-gut-mammary axis, and the microbiome-gut-reproductive axis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen S, Zhu H, Luo Y. Chitosan-based oral colon-specific delivery systems for polyphenols: recent advances and emerging trends. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7328-7348. [PMID: 35766297 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00874b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oral colon-targeted delivery systems (OCDSs) have attracted great attention in the delivery of active compounds targeted to the colon for the treatment of colon and non-colon diseases with the advantages of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects. Chitosan, the second-most abundant biopolymer next to cellulose, has great biocompatibility, is non-toxic, is sensitive to colonic flora and shows strong adhesion to colonic mucus, making it an ideal biomaterial candidate for the construction of OCDSs. Being rich in functional groups, the chitosan structure is easily modified, both physically and chemically, for the fabrication of delivery systems with diverse geometries, including nanoparticles, microspheres/microparticles, and hydrogels, that are resistant to the harsh environment of the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This review offers a detailed overview of the preparation of chitosan-based delivery systems as the basis for building OCDSs. A variety of natural polyphenols with potent biological activities are used to treat diseases of the colon, or to be metabolized as active ingredients by colonic microorganisms to intervene in remote organ diseases after absorption into the circulation. However, the poor solubility of polyphenols limits their application, and the acidic environment of the upper GIT and various enzymes in the small intestine disrupt their structure and activity. As a result, the development of OCDSs for polyphenols has become an emerging and popular area of current research in the past decade. Thus, the second objective of this review is to systematically summarize the most recent research findings in this area and shed light on the future development of chitosan-based OCDSs for nutritional and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Nanotechnology and Biodelivery Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Yangchao Luo
- Nanotechnology and Biodelivery Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Saeed NK, Al-Beltagi M, Bediwy AS, El-Sawaf Y, Toema O. Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1875-1901. [PMID: 35664966 PMCID: PMC9150060 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i18.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development, maturation, and immune system differentiation. It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical and mental development. The gut microbiota composition and structure depend on many host and microbial factors. The host factors include age, genetic pool, general health, dietary factors, medication use, the intestine's pH, peristalsis, and transit time, mucus secretions, mucous immunoglobulin, and tissue oxidation-reduction potentials. The microbial factors include nutrient availability, bacterial cooperation or antagonism, and bacterial adhesion. Each part of the gut has its microbiota due to its specific characteristics. The gut microbiota interacts with different body parts, affecting the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Dysbiosis is a common finding in many childhood disorders such as autism, failure to thrive, nutritional disorders, coeliac disease, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, helicobacter pylori infection, functional gastrointestinal disorders of childhood, inflammatory bowel diseases, and many other gastrointestinal disorders. Dysbiosis is also observed in allergic conditions like atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Dysbiosis can also impact the development and the progression of immune disorders and cardiac disorders, including heart failure. Probiotic supplements could provide some help in managing these disorders. However, we are still in need of more studies. In this narrative review, we will shed some light on the role of microbiota in the development and management of common childhood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Yasser El-Sawaf
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Osama Toema
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vemuri R, Ruggiero A, Whitfield JM, Dugan GO, Cline JM, Block MR, Guo H, Kavanagh K. Hypertension promotes microbial translocation and dysbiotic shifts in the fecal microbiome of nonhuman primates. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H474-H485. [PMID: 35148233 PMCID: PMC8897002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00530.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates a link between gut barrier dysfunction and hypertension. However, it is unclear whether hypertension causes gut barrier dysfunction or vice versa and whether the gut microbiome plays a role. To understand this relationship, we first cross-sectionally examined 153 nonhuman primates [NHPs; Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus; mean age, 16 ± 0.4 yr; 129 (84.3%) females] for cardiometabolic risk factors and gut barrier function biomarkers. This analysis identified blood pressure and age as specific factors that independently associated with microbial translocation. We then longitudinally tracked male, age-matched spontaneously hypertensive NHPs (Macaca mulatta) to normotensives (n = 16), mean age of 5.8 ± 0.5 yr, to confirm hypertension-related gut barrier dysfunction and to explore the role of microbiome by comparing groups at baseline, 12, and 27 mo. Collectively, hypertensive animals in both studies showed evidence of gut barrier dysfunction (i.e., microbial translocation), as indicated by higher plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP)-1, when compared with normotensive animals. Furthermore, plasma LBP-1 levels were correlated with diastolic blood pressure, independent of age and other health markers, suggesting specificity of the effect of hypertension on microbial translocation. In over 2 yr of longitudinal assessment, hypertensive animals had escalating plasma levels of LBP-1 and greater bacterial gene expression in mesenteric lymph nodes compared with normotensive animals, confirming microbes translocated across the intestinal barrier. Concomitantly, we identified distinct shifts in the gut microbial signature of hypertensive versus normotensive animals at 12 and 27 mo. These results suggest that hypertension contributes to microbial translocation in the gut and eventually unhealthy shifts in the gut microbiome, possibly contributing to poor health outcomes, providing further impetus for the management of hypertension.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hypertension specifically had detrimental effects on microbial translocation when age and metabolic syndrome criteria were evaluated as drivers of cardiovascular disease in a relevant nonhuman primate model. Intestinal barrier function exponentially decayed over time with chronic hypertension, and microbial translocation was confirmed by detection of more microbial genes in regional draining lymph nodes. Chronic hypertension resulted in fecal microbial dysbiosis and elevations of the biomarker NT-proBNP. This study provides insights on the barrier dysfunction, dysbiosis, and hypertension in controlled studies of nonhuman primates. Our study includes a longitudinal component comparing naturally occurring hypertensive to normotensive primates to confirm microbial translocation and dysbiotic microbiome development. Hypertension is an underappreciated driver of subclinical endotoxemia that can drive chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandra Vemuri
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Alistaire Ruggiero
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jordyn M. Whitfield
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Greg O. Dugan
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - J. Mark Cline
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Masha R. Block
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Hao Guo
- 2Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,3Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina,4Department of Biomedicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zou Y, Song X, Liu N, Sun W, Liu B. Intestinal Flora: A Potential New Regulator of Cardiovascular Disease. Aging Dis 2022; 13:753-772. [PMID: 35656118 PMCID: PMC9116925 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made in reducing the burden of the disease by preventing the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), potential risk factors still exist and lead to its progression. In recent years, numerous studies have revealed that intestinal flora can interfere with the physiological processes of the host through changes in composition and function or related metabolites. Intestinal flora thus affects the occurrence and development of a variety of CVDs, including atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. Moreover, studies have found that interventions for intestinal flora and its metabolites provide new opportunities for CVD treatment. This article mainly discusses the interaction between the human intestinal flora and its metabolites, the occurrence and development of CVD, and the potential of intestinal flora as a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Sun
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sun Wei () and Bin Liu (), Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sun Wei () and Bin Liu (), Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Umei M, Akazawa H, Saga-Kamo A, Yagi H, Liu Q, Matsuoka R, Kadowaki H, Shindo A, Nakashima A, Yasuda K, Suzuki K, Komuro I. Oral Administration of Euglena Gracilis Z Alleviates Constipation and Cardiac Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Isoproterenol-Induced Heart Failure. Circ Rep 2021; 4:83-91. [PMID: 35178484 PMCID: PMC8811226 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-21-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Patients with heart failure (HF) often experience gastrointestinal problems such as constipation, diarrhea, and disturbances to drug absorption. In HF, hypoperfusion and congestion cause structural and functional changes in the gut, which, in turn, lead to impaired cardiac function.
Euglena gracilis
Z (hereafter “Euglena”), called
Midorimushi
in Japanese, is a microalga that is used as a food or nutritional supplement. It is unclear whether Euglena is beneficial for bowel habitus and cardiac function in subjects with HF. Methods and Results:
We injected C57BL/6 male mice subcutaneously with isoproterenol (ISO) (20 mg/kg/day) for 7 days to examine bowel movement in HF. Euglena was orally administered to mice on an
ad libitum-feeding to a normal chow containing 2% dietary mixture. ISO induced a decrease in bowel movement and an increase in fecal retention in the cecum, as well as a decrease in left ventricular (LV) contraction. Euglena accelerated intestinal transit, relieved fecal retention, and prevented the alterations in gut pathology in ISO-treated mice. Euglena also suppressed ISO-induced decreases in LV contraction, although it had no significant effect on LV hypertrophy. Conclusions:
The results suggested that oral administration of Euglena alleviated constipation and cardiac dysfunction in a mouse model of ISO-induced HF, and highlight the potential clinical benefit of Euglena in patients with HF in preventing constipation and contractile deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Umei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Akiko Saga-Kamo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroki Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ryo Matsuoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroshi Kadowaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Akito Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | | | | | | | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gargari G, Taverniti V, Del Bo' C, Bernardi S, Hidalgo-Liberona N, Meroño T, Andres-Lacueva C, Kroon PA, Cherubini A, Riso P, Guglielmetti S. Higher bacterial DNAemia can affect the impact of a polyphenol-rich dietary pattern on biomarkers of intestinal permeability and cardiovascular risk in older subjects. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1209-1220. [PMID: 34727202 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aging can be characterized by increased systemic low-grade inflammation, altered gut microbiota composition, and increased intestinal permeability (IP). The intake of polyphenol-rich foods is proposed as a promising strategy to positively affect the gut microbiota-immune system-intestinal barrier (IB) axis. In this context, we tested the hypothesis that a PR-dietary intervention would affect the presence of bacterial factors in the bloodstream of older adults. METHODS We collected blood samples within a randomized, controlled, crossover intervention trial in which older volunteers (n = 51) received a polyphenol-enriched and a control diet. We quantified the presence of bacterial DNA in blood by qPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene (16S; bacterial DNAemia). Blood DNA was taxonomically profiled via 16S sequencing. RESULTS Higher blood 16S levels were associated with higher BMI and markers of IP, inflammation, and dyslipidemia. PR-intervention did not significantly change bacterial DNAemia in the older population (P = 0.103). Nonetheless, the beneficial changes caused by the polyphenol-enriched diet were greatest in participants with higher bacterial DNAemia, specifically in markers related to IP, inflammation and dyslipidemia, and in fecal bacterial taxa. Finally, we found that the bacterial DNA detected in blood mostly belonged to γ-Proteobacteria, whose abundance significantly decreased after the polyphenol-rich diet in subjects with higher bacterial DNAemia at baseline. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that older subjects with higher bacterial DNAemia experienced a beneficial effect from a polyphenol-rich diet. Bacterial DNAemia may be a further relevant marker for the identification of target populations that could benefit more from a protective dietary treatment. REGISTRATION This trial was retrospectively registered at www.isrctn.org (ISRCTN10214981) on April 28, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gargari
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bernardi
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomás Meroño
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione geriatrica e Centro di Ricerca Per l'invecchiamento. IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cheng WL, Li SJ, Lee TI, Lee TW, Chung CC, Kao YH, Chen YJ. Sugar Fructose Triggers Gut Dysbiosis and Metabolic Inflammation with Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:728. [PMID: 34201938 PMCID: PMC8301417 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose is a main dietary sugar involved in the excess sugar intake-mediated progression of cardiovascular diseases and cardiac arrhythmias. Chronic intake of fructose has been the focus on the possible contributor to the metabolic diseases and cardiac inflammation. Recently, the small intestine was identified to be a major organ in fructose metabolism. The overconsumption of fructose induces dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, which, in turn, increases intestinal permeability and activates host inflammation. Endotoxins and metabolites of the gut microbiota, such as lipopolysaccharide, trimethylamine N-oxide, and short-chain fatty acids, also influence the host inflammation and cardiac biofunctions. Thus, high-fructose diets cause heart-gut axis disorders that promote cardiac arrhythmia. Understanding how gut microbiota dysbiosis-mediated inflammation influences the pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmia may provide mechanisms for cardiac arrhythmogenesis. This narrative review updates our current understanding of the roles of excessive intake of fructose on the heart-gut axis and proposes potential strategies for inflammation-associated cardiac vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (S.-J.L.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Jung Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (S.-J.L.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-I.L.); (T.-W.L.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-I.L.); (T.-W.L.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Chung
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Garshick MS, Nikain C, Tawil M, Pena S, Barrett TJ, Wu BG, Gao Z, Blaser MJ, Fisher EA. Reshaping of the gastrointestinal microbiome alters atherosclerotic plaque inflammation resolution in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8966. [PMID: 33903700 PMCID: PMC8076321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since alterations in the intestinal microbiota may induce systemic inflammation and polarization of macrophages to the M1 state, the microbiome role in atherosclerosis, an M1-driven disease, requires evaluation. We aimed to determine if antibiotic (Abx) induced alterations to the intestinal microbiota interferes with atherosclerotic plaque inflammation resolution after lipid-lowering in mice. Hyperlipidemic Apoe−/− mice were fed a western diet to develop aortic atherosclerosis with aortas then transplanted into normolipidemic wild-type (WT) mice to model clinically aggressive lipid management and promote atherosclerosis inflammation resolution. Gut microbial composition pre and post-transplant was altered via an enteral antibiotic or not. Post aortic transplant, after Abx treatment, while plaque size did not differ, compared to Apoe−/− mice, Abx– WT recipient mice had a 32% reduction in CD68-expressing cells (p = 0.02) vs. a non-significant 12% reduction in Abx+ WT mice. A trend toward an M1 plaque CD68-expresing cell phenotype was noted in Abx+ mice. By 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the Abx+ mice had reduced alpha diversity and increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes relative abundance ratio with a correlation between gut Firmicutes abundance and plaque CD68-expressing cell content (p < 0.05). These results indicate that in a murine atherosclerotic plaque inflammation resolution model, antibiotic-induced microbiome perturbation may blunt the effectiveness of lipid-lowering to reduce the content of plaque inflammatory CD68-expressing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Garshick
- Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.,Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Cyrus Nikain
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Michael Tawil
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie Pena
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Tessa J Barrett
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin G Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhan Gao
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA. .,Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA. .,Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology Program, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Feng D, Christensen JT, Yetman AT, Lindsey ML, Singh AB, Salomon JD. The microbiome’s relationship with congenital heart disease: more than a gut feeling. JOURNAL OF CONGENITAL CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40949-021-00060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractPatients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for developing intestinal dysbiosis and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction due to abnormal gut perfusion or hypoxemia in the context of low cardiac output or cyanosis. Intestinal dysbiosis may contribute to systemic inflammation thereby worsening clinical outcomes in this patient population. Despite significant advances in the management and survival of patients with CHD, morbidity remains significant and questions have arisen as to the role of the microbiome in the inflammatory process. Intestinal dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction experienced in this patient population are increasingly implicated in critical illness. This review highlights possible CHD-microbiome interactions, illustrates underlying signaling mechanisms, and discusses future directions and therapeutic translation of the basic research.
Collapse
|
31
|
Deng P, Valentino T, Flythe MD, Moseley HNB, Leachman JR, Morris AJ, Hennig B. Untargeted Stable Isotope Probing of the Gut Microbiota Metabolome Using 13C-Labeled Dietary Fibers. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2904-2913. [PMID: 33830777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome generates numerous metabolites that exert local effects and enter the circulation to affect the functions of many organs. Despite extensive sequencing-based characterization of the gut microbiome, there remains a lack of understanding of microbial metabolism. Here, we developed an untargeted stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) approach for the holistic study of gut microbial metabolites. Viable microbial cells were extracted from fresh mice feces and incubated anaerobically with 13C-labeled dietary fibers including inulin or cellulose. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to monitor 13C enrichment in metabolites associated with glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, nucleotide synthesis, and pyruvate catabolism in both microbial cells and the culture medium. We observed the differential use of inulin and cellulose as substrates for biosynthesis of essential and non-essential amino acids, neurotransmitters, vitamin B5, and other coenzymes. Specifically, the use of inulin for these biosynthetic pathways was markedly more efficient than the use of cellulose, reflecting distinct metabolic pathways of dietary fibers in the gut microbiome, which could be related with host effects. This technology facilitates deeper and holistic insights into the metabolic function of the gut microbiome (Metabolomic Workbench Study ID: ST001651).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Deng
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, Kentucky, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, Kentucky, United States
| | - Taylor Valentino
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, Kentucky, United States
| | - Michael D Flythe
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, Kentucky, United States.,United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Forage Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington 40536, Kentucky, United States
| | - Hunter N B Moseley
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, Kentucky, United States.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, Kentucky, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, Kentucky, United States
| | - Jacqueline R Leachman
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, Kentucky, United States
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, Kentucky, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, Kentucky, United States
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, Kentucky, United States.,Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, Kentucky, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Transverse aortic constriction induces gut barrier alterations, microbiota remodeling and systemic inflammation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7404. [PMID: 33795775 PMCID: PMC8016915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that modifications of gut function and microbiota composition might play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of several cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF). In this study we systematically analysed gut microbiota composition, intestinal barrier integrity, intestinal and serum cytokines and serum endotoxin levels in C57BL/6 mice undergoing pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 1 and 4 weeks. Compared to sham-operated animals, TAC induced prompt and strong weakening of intestinal barrier integrity, long-lasting decrease of colon anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, significant increases of serum levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory cytokines. TAC also exerted effects on microbiota composition, inducing significant differences in bacterial genera inside Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and TM7 phyla as shown by 16S rDNA sequencing of fecal samples from TAC or sham mice. These results suggest that gut modifications represent an important element to be considered in the development and progression of cardiac dysfunction in response to TAC and support this animal model as a valuable tool to establish the role and mechanisms of gut-heart crosstalk in HF. Evidence arising in this field might identify new treatment options targeting gut integrity and microbiota components to face adverse cardiac events.
Collapse
|
33
|
Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2021; 2021:6655380. [PMID: 33777139 PMCID: PMC7979298 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic infection of the respiratory system caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) was found in many parts of the COVID-19 patients including the stool, suggesting a potential interaction with the host's gut microbiome. The gut microbiome also plays major roles in immunity and inflammation. It also impacts pulmonary functions through the gut-lung axis. There have been recent reports of the importance of the host microbiome in infection and pathogenicity. The understanding of the gut and lung microbiomes would open the gate to new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ye S, Matthan NR, Lamon-Fava S, Solano-Aguilar G, Turner JR, Walker ME, Chai Z, Lakshman S, Chen C, Dawson H, Urban JF, Lichtenstein AH. Colon transcriptome is modified by a dietary pattern/atorvastatin interaction in the Ossabaw pig. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 90:108570. [PMID: 33429036 PMCID: PMC8994518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Optimizing diet quality in conjunction with statin therapy is currently the most common approach for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk management. Although effects on the cardiovascular system have been extensively investigated, little is known about the effect of these interventions in the colon and subsequent associations with CAD progression. To address this gap, Ossabaw pigs were randomly allocated to receive, for a six-month period, isocaloric amounts of either a heart healthy-type diet (HHD; high in unrefined carbohydrate, unsaturated fat, fiber, supplemented with fish oil, and low in cholesterol) or a Western-type diet (WD; high in refined carbohydrate, saturated fat and cholesterol, and low in fiber), without or with atorvastatin therapy. At the end of the intervention period, colon samples were harvested, mucosa fraction isolated, and RNA sequenced. Gene differential expression and enrichment analyses indicated that dietary patterns and atorvastatin therapy differentially altered gene expression, with diet-statin interactions. Atorvastatin had a more profound effect on differential gene expression than diet. In pigs not receiving atorvastatin, the WD upregulated “LXR/RXR Activation” pathway compared to pigs fed the HHD. Enrichment analysis indicated that atorvastatin therapy lowered inflammatory status in the HHD-fed pigs, whereas it induced a colitis-like gene expression phenotype in the WD-fed pigs. No significant association was identified between gene expression phenotypes and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in the left anterior descending-left circumflex bifurcation artery. These data suggested diet quality modulated the response to atorvastatin therapy in colonic mucosa, and these effects were unrelated to atherosclerotic lesion development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumao Ye
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gloria Solano-Aguilar
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Woman's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maura E Walker
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhi Chai
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology and Department of Nutritional Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sukla Lakshman
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Celine Chen
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Harry Dawson
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Velmurugan G, Dinakaran V, Rajendhran J, Swaminathan K. Blood Microbiota and Circulating Microbial Metabolites in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:835-847. [PMID: 33086076 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have evolved as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In addition to traditional risk factors, recent studies have established that the human microbiota, particularly gut bacteria, plays a role in the development of diabetes and CVD. Although the presence of microbes in blood has been known for centuries, mounting evidence in this metagenomic era provides new insights into the role of the blood microbiota in the pathogenesis of non-infectious diseases such as diabetes and CVD. We highlight the origin and physiology of the blood microbiota and circulating microbial metabolites in relation to the etiology and progression of diabetes and CVD. We also discuss translational perspectives targeting the blood microbiota in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Velmurugan
- Chemomicrobiomics Laboratory, KMCH Research Foundation, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vasudevan Dinakaran
- Chemomicrobiomics Laboratory, KMCH Research Foundation, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyaprakash Rajendhran
- Pathogenomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Swaminathan
- Chemomicrobiomics Laboratory, KMCH Research Foundation, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Roth WH, Cai A, Zhang C, Chen ML, Merkler AE, Kamel H. Gastrointestinal Disorders and Risk of First-Ever Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2020; 51:3577-3583. [PMID: 33040706 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent studies suggest that alteration of the normal gut microbiome contributes to atherosclerotic burden and cardiovascular disease. While many gastrointestinal diseases are known to cause disruption of the normal gut microbiome in humans, the clinical impact of gastrointestinal diseases on subsequent cerebrovascular disease remains unknown. We conducted an exploratory analysis evaluating the relationship between gastrointestinal diseases and ischemic stroke. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study using claims between 2008 and 2015 from a nationally representative 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries. We included only beneficiaries ≥66 years of age. We used previously validated diagnosis codes to ascertain our primary outcome of ischemic stroke. In an exploratory manner, we categorized gastrointestinal disorders by anatomic location, disease chronicity, and disease mechanism. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine associations of gastrointestinal disorder categories and ischemic stroke with adjustment for demographics and established vascular risk factors. RESULTS Among a mean of 1 725 246 beneficiaries in each analysis, several categories of gastrointestinal disorders were associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke after adjustment for established stroke risk factors. The most notable positive associations included disorders of the stomach (hazard ratio, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.15-1.19]) and functional (1.16 [95% CI, 1.15-1.17]), inflammatory (1.13 [95% CI, 1.12-1.15]), and infectious gastrointestinal disorders (1.13 [95% CI, 1.12-1.15]). In contrast, we found no associations with stroke for diseases of the anus and rectum (0.97 [95% CI, 0.94-1.00]) or neoplastic gastrointestinal disorders (0.97 [95% CI, 0.94-1.00]). CONCLUSIONS In exploratory analyses, several categories of gastrointestinal disorders were associated with an increased risk of future ischemic stroke after adjustment for demographics and established stroke risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William H Roth
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY (W.H.R., A.C., C.Z., M.L.C., A.E.M., H.K.).,Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, University of Florida Medicine, Gainesville (W.H.R.)
| | - Anna Cai
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY (W.H.R., A.C., C.Z., M.L.C., A.E.M., H.K.)
| | - Cenai Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY (W.H.R., A.C., C.Z., M.L.C., A.E.M., H.K.)
| | - Monica L Chen
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY (W.H.R., A.C., C.Z., M.L.C., A.E.M., H.K.)
| | - Alexander E Merkler
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY (W.H.R., A.C., C.Z., M.L.C., A.E.M., H.K.)
| | - Hooman Kamel
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY (W.H.R., A.C., C.Z., M.L.C., A.E.M., H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Meleshko TV. EDIBLE FRUITS EXTRACTS AFFECT INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech13.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the gut microbiota in patients with noncommunicable diseases associated with chronic inflammation, namely obesity, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease as well as to find out potential ability of edible plants’ fruits extracts to inhibit the growth of selected conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. Limited clinical trial was performed and gut microbiota analysis was done using routine methods and by qPCR. The antibacterial properties of edible plants’ fruits in relation to the selected potentially pathogenic microorganisms were studied. The composition of the intestinal microbiota of obese patients was characterized by an increase in the number of Enterococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. along with a decrease in the amount of Escherichia coli. Decreases in E. coli and lactobacilli were observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. In atherosclerosis, an increase in streptococci, enterococci, and enterobacteria was observed, whereas in patients with cardiovascular disease there was an additional increase in staphylococci and candida along with a decrease in E. coli. Decreases in Bifidobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Roseburia intestinalis and Akkermansia muciniphila were observed in patients of all groups. The growth of Klebsiella spp. was inhibited by red currant (Ribes rubrum) and plum (Prunus domestica) extracts; Enterobacter spp. – cherry (Prunus avium) extract; Proteus spp. – extracts of blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and dogwood (Cornus mas); Staphylococcus spp. – the extracts of black currant (Ribes nigrum), cherry (Prunus avium), plum (Prunus domestica), jostaberry (Ribes nigrum × Ribes divaricatum × Ribes uva-crispa), cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera) and dogwood (Cornus mas) The obtained data can be used for early diagnosis of noncommunicable diseases and for their prevention with the help of personalized nutrition.
Collapse
|
38
|
Pane K, Mirabelli P, Coppola L, Illiano E, Salvatore M, Franzese M. New Roadmaps for Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer With Unfavorable Prognosis. Front Chem 2020; 8:600. [PMID: 32850635 PMCID: PMC7413024 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
About 70% of bladder cancers (BCs) are diagnosed as non-muscle-invasive BCs (NMIBCs), while the remaining are muscle-invasive BCs (MIBCs). The European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines stratify NMIBCs into low, intermediate, and high risk for treatment options. Low-risk NMIBCs undergo only the transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB), whereas for intermediate-risk and high-risk NMIBCs, the transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) with or without Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immune or chemotherapy is the standard treatment. A minority of NMIBCs show unfavorable prognosis. High-risk NMIBCs have a high rate of disease recurrence and/or progression to muscle-invasive tumor and BCG treatment failure. The heterogeneous nature of NMIBCs poses challenges for clinical decision-making. In 2020, the EAU made some changes to NMIBCs BCG failure definitions and treatment options, highlighting the need for reliable molecular markers for improving the predictive accuracy of currently available risk tables. Nowadays, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the study of cancer biology, providing diagnostic, prognostic, and therapy response biomarkers in support of precision medicine. Integration of NGS with other cutting-edge technologies might help to decipher also bladder tumor surrounding aspects such as immune system, stromal component, microbiome, and urobiome; altogether, this might impact the clinical outcomes of NMBICs especially in the BCG responsiveness. This review focuses on NMIBCs with unfavorable prognoses, providing molecular prognostic factors from tumor immune and stromal cells, and the perspective of urobiome and microbiome profiling on therapy response. We provide information on the cornerstone of immunotherapy and new promising bladder-preserving treatments and ongoing clinical trials for BCG–unresponsive NMIBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ester Illiano
- Andrological and Urogynecological Clinic, Santa Maria Terni Hospital, University of Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ahlawat S, Asha, Sharma KK. Gut-organ axis: a microbial outreach and networking. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:636-668. [PMID: 32472555 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota (GM) includes a complex and dynamic population of microorganisms that are crucial for well-being and survival of the organism. It has been reported as diverse and relatively stable with shared core microbiota, including Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes as the major dominants. They are the key regulators of body homeostasis, involving both intestinal and extra-intestinal effects by influencing many physiological functions such as metabolism, maintenance of barrier homeostasis, inflammation and hematopoiesis. Any alteration in GM community structures not only trigger gut disorders but also influence other organs and cause associated diseases. In recent past, the GM has been defined as a 'vital organ' with its involvement with other organs; thus, establishing a link or a bi- or multidirectional communication axis between the organs via neural, endocrine, immune, humoral and metabolic pathways. Alterations in GM have been linked to several diseases known to humans; although the exact interaction mechanism between the gut and the organs is yet to be defined. In this review, the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the vital human organs was envisaged and discussed under several headings. Furthermore, several disease symptoms were also revisited to redefine the communication network between the gut microbes and the associated organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ahlawat
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Asha
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - K K Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Consumption of Stilbenes and Flavonoids is Linked to Reduced Risk of Obesity Independently of Fiber Intake. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061871. [PMID: 32585900 PMCID: PMC7353284 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Polyphenol consumption is implicated in gut microbiome composition and improved metabolic outcomes, but it is unclear whether the effect is independent of dietary fiber. Methods: We investigated the links between (poly)phenol intake, gut microbiome composition (16s RNA) and obesity independently of fiber intake in UK women (n = 1810) and in a small group of UK men (n = 64). Results: (Poly)phenol intakes correlated with microbiome alpha diversity (Shannon Index) after adjusting for confounders and fiber intake. Moreover, flavonoid intake was significantly correlated with the abundance of Veillonella, (a genus known to improve physical performance), and stilbene intake with that of butyrate-producing bacteria (Lachnospira and Faecalibacterium). Stilbene and flavonoid intake also correlated with lower odds of prevalent obesity (Stilbenes: Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) (OR(95%CI)) = 0.80 (0.73, 0.87), p = 4.90 × 10−7; Flavonoids: OR(95%CI) = 0.77 (0.65, 0.91), p = 0.002). Formal mediation analyses revealed that gut microbiome mediates ~11% of the total effect of flavonoid and stilbene intake on prevalent obesity. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of (poly)phenol consumption for optimal human health.
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen W, Zhang S, Wu J, Ye T, Wang S, Wang P, Xing D. Butyrate-producing bacteria and the gut-heart axis in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:236-241. [PMID: 32376324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in controlling atherosclerosis progression to support the link between the gut and coronary heart disease. Recent studies have shown that an imbalance in the gut-heart axis due to the gut microbiota plays an important role in atherosclerosis progression. The gut microbiota promotes the development of atherosclerosis by producing intermediate metabolites, including TMAO, LPS, PAGln and reducing butyrate. TMAO and PAGln might be potential biomarkers of coronary heart disease. Many studies have shown that butyrate-producing bacteria prevent atherosclerosis progression by producing butyrate and maintaining the bacterial balance, the intestinal barrier function and the expression of various genes, including those encoding lipids and those related to immunity, inflammation, differentiation, apoptosis, phagocytosis and efferocytosis. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the interplay between butyrate-producing bacteria and the gut-heart axis in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Schiano C, Benincasa G, Franzese M, Della Mura N, Pane K, Salvatore M, Napoli C. Epigenetic-sensitive pathways in personalized therapy of major cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107514. [PMID: 32105674 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The complex pathobiology underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has yet to be explained. Aberrant epigenetic changes may result from alterations in enzymatic activities, which are responsible for putting in and/or out the covalent groups, altering the epigenome and then modulating gene expression. The identification of novel individual epigenetic-sensitive trajectories at single cell level might provide additional opportunities to establish predictive, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as drug targets in CVDs. To date, most of studies investigated DNA methylation mechanism and miRNA regulation as epigenetics marks. During atherogenesis, big epigenetic changes in DNA methylation and different ncRNAs, such as miR-93, miR-340, miR-433, miR-765, CHROME, were identified into endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. During man development, lipid metabolism, inflammation and homocysteine homeostasis, alter vascular transcriptional mechanism of fundamental genes such as ABCA1, SREBP2, NOS, HIF1. At histone level, increased HDAC9 was associated with matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and MMP2 expression in pro-inflammatory macrophages of human carotid plaque other than to have a positive effect on toll like receptor signaling and innate immunity. HDAC9 deficiency promoted inflammation resolution and reverse cholesterol transport, which might block atherosclerosis progression and promote lesion regression. Here, we describe main human epigenetic mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease; cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Different epigenetics mechanisms are activated, such as regulation by circular RNAs, as MICRA, and epitranscriptomics at RNA level. Moreover, in order to open new frontiers for precision medicine and personalized therapy, we offer a panoramic view on the most innovative bioinformatic tools designed to identify putative genes and molecular networks underlying CVDs in man.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Landberg R, Hanhineva K. Biomarkers of a Healthy Nordic Diet-From Dietary Exposure Biomarkers to Microbiota Signatures in the Metabolome. Nutrients 2019; 12:E27. [PMID: 31877633 PMCID: PMC7019922 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole diets and dietary patterns are increasingly highlighted in modern nutrition and health research instead of single food items or nutrients alone. The Healthy Nordic Diet is a dietary pattern typically associated with beneficial health outcomes in observational studies, but results from randomized controlled trials are mixed. Dietary assessment is one of the greatest challenges in observational studies and compliance is a major challenge in dietary interventions. During the last decade, research has shown the great importance of the gut microbiota in health and disease. Studies have have both shown that the Nordic diet affects the gut microbiota and that the gut microbiota predicts the effects of such a diet. Rapid technique developments in the area of high-throughput mass spectrometry have enabled the large-scale use of metabolomics both as an objective measurement of dietary intake as well as in providing the final readout of the endogenous metabolic processes and the impact of the gut microbiota. In this review, we give an update on the current status on biomarkers that reflect a Healthy Nordic Diet or individual components thereof (food intake biomarkers), biomarkers that show the effects of a Healthy Nordic Diet and biomarkers reflecting the role of a Healthy Nordic Diet on the gut microbiota as well as how the gut microbiota or derived molecules may be used to predict the effects of a Healthy Nordic Diet on different outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Livshits G, Kalinkovich A. Inflammaging as a common ground for the development and maintenance of sarcopenia, obesity, cardiomyopathy and dysbiosis. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 56:100980. [PMID: 31726228 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, obesity and their coexistence, obese sarcopenia (OBSP) as well as atherosclerosis-related cardio-vascular diseases (ACVDs), including chronic heart failure (CHF), are among the greatest public health concerns in the ageing population. A clear age-dependent increased prevalence of sarcopenia and OBSP has been registered in CHF patients, suggesting mechanistic relationships. Development of OBSP could be mediated by a crosstalk between the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and the skeletal muscle under conditions of low-grade local and systemic inflammation, inflammaging. The present review summarizes the emerging data supporting the idea that inflammaging may serve as a mutual mechanism governing the development of sarcopenia, OBSP and ACVDs. In support of this hypothesis, various immune cells release pro-inflammatory mediators in the skeletal muscle and myocardium. Subsequently, the endothelial structure is disrupted, and cellular processes, such as mitochondrial activity, mitophagy, and autophagy are impaired. Inflamed myocytes lose their contractile properties, which is characteristic of sarcopenia and CHF. Inflammation may increase the risk of ACVD events in a hyperlipidemia-independent manner. Significant reduction of ACVD event rates, without the lowering of plasma lipids, following a specific targeting of key pro-inflammatory cytokines confirms a key role of inflammation in ACVD pathogenesis. Gut dysbiosis, an imbalanced gut microbial community, is known to be deeply involved in the pathogenesis of age-associated sarcopenia and ACVDs by inducing and supporting inflammaging. Dysbiosis induces the production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is implicated in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and poor CHF prognosis. In OBSP, AT dysfunction and inflammation induce, in concert with dysbiosis, lipotoxicity and other pathophysiological processes, thus exacerbating sarcopenia and CHF. Administration of specialized, inflammation pro-resolving mediators has been shown to ameliorate the inflammatory manifestations. Considering all these findings, we hypothesize that sarcopenia, OBSP, CHF and dysbiosis are inflammaging-oriented disorders, whereby inflammaging is common and most probably the causative mechanism driving their pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Livshits
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.; Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel..
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| |
Collapse
|