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Pang Y, Peng Z, Ding K. An in-depth review: Unraveling the extraction, structure, bio-functionalities, target molecules, and applications of pectic polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122457. [PMID: 39174094 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Pectic polysaccharides have long been a challenging subject of research in the field of macromolecular science, given their complex structures and wide range of biological effects. However, the extensive exploration of pectic polysaccharides has been limited due to the intricacy of their structures. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide a thorough summary of the existing knowledge on pectic polysaccharides, with a particular focus on aspects such as classification, extraction methodologies, structural analysis, elucidation of biological activities, and exploration of target molecules and signaling pathways. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and research achievements, we strive to establish a comprehensive and systematic framework that can serve as a reference and guide for further investigations into pectic polysaccharides. Furthermore, this review delves into the applications of pectic polysaccharides beyond their fundamental attributes and characteristics, exploring their potential in fields such as materials, food, and pharmaceuticals. We pay special attention to the promising opportunities for pectic polysaccharides in the pharmaceutical domain and provide an overview of related drug development research. The aim of this review is to facilitate a holistic understanding of pectic polysaccharides by incorporating multifaceted research, providing valuable insights for further in-depth investigations into this significant polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunrui Pang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan 528400, PR China; Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhigang Peng
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan 528400, PR China; Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China; China School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Kan Ding
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan 528400, PR China; Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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D'Esposito D, Di Donato A, Puleo S, Nava M, Diretto G, Di Monaco R, Frusciante L, Ercolano MR. The Impact of Growing Area on the Expression of Fruit Traits Related to Sensory Perception in Two Tomato Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9015. [PMID: 39201701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental conditions greatly influence the quality of tomato fruit by affecting the expression of genes, the abundance of metabolites, and the perception of sensorial attributes. In this study, a fruit transcriptome investigation, a sensory test, and a metabolomic analysis were performed to evaluate the impact of the environment on two popular tomato cultivars grown in two Italian regions. The transcriptional profile of each cultivar, cultivated in two different areas, highlighted differential expression in genes involved in pathways related to cell wall components such as pectin, lignin, and hemicellulose and sugars as well as in amino acids, phenylpropanoids, and pigment synthesis. The cultivation area mainly affects sensory attributes related to texture and flavor and the metabolic pattern of cell wall precursors, sugars, glutamate, aspartate, and carotenoids. In the two genotypes cultivated in the same environment, some attributes and fruit-related quality processes are similarly affected, while others are differently influenced based on the specific genetic makeup of the tomato. A combination of transcriptomic, sensory, and metabolomic data obtained from the two tomato genotypes revealed that the environment has a profound effect on specific sensory traits, providing information on factors that shape the specific characteristics and genetic targets for improving tomato fruit characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D'Esposito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Antimo Di Donato
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Sharon Puleo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Matteo Nava
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Casaccia, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Casaccia, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Monaco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Frusciante
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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3
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Jiu S, Lv Z, Liu M, Xu Y, Chen B, Dong X, Zhang X, Cao J, Manzoor MA, Xia M, Li F, Li H, Chen L, Zhang X, Wang S, Dong Y, Zhang C. Haplotype-resolved genome assembly for tetraploid Chinese cherry ( Prunus pseudocerasus) offers insights into fruit firmness. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae142. [PMID: 38988622 PMCID: PMC11233885 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Chinese cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus) holds considerable importance as one of the primary stone fruit crops in China. However, artificially improving its traits and genetic analysis are challenging due to lack of high-quality genomic resources, which mainly result from difficulties associated with resolving its tetraploid and highly heterozygous genome. Herein, we assembled a chromosome-level, haplotype-resolved genome of the cultivar 'Zhuji Duanbing', comprising 993.69 Mb assembled into 32 pseudochromosomes using PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore, and Hi-C. Intra-haplotype comparative analyses revealed extensive intra-genomic sequence and expression consistency. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses demonstrated that P. pseudocerasus was a stable autotetraploid species, closely related to wild P. pusilliflora, with the two diverging ~18.34 million years ago. Similar to other Prunus species, P. pseudocerasus underwent a common whole-genome duplication event that occurred ~139.96 million years ago. Because of its low fruit firmness, P. pseudocerasus is unsuitable for long-distance transportation, thereby restricting its rapid development throughout China. At the ripe fruit stage, P. pseudocerasus cv. 'Zhuji Duanbing' was significantly less firm than P. avium cv. 'Heizhenzhu'. The difference in firmness is attributed to the degree of alteration in pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents. In addition, comparative transcriptomic analyses identified GalAK-like and Stv1, two genes involved in pectin biosynthesis, which potentially caused the difference in firmness between 'Zhuji Duanbing' and 'Heizhenzhu'. Transient transformations of PpsGalAK-like and PpsStv1 increase protopectin content and thereby enhance fruit firmness. Our study lays a solid foundation for functional genomic studies and the enhancement of important horticultural traits in Chinese cherries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Jiu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhengxin Lv
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Moyang Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Baozheng Chen
- Province Key Laboratory, Biological Big Data College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Province Key Laboratory, Biological Big Data College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingxu Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fangdong Li
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 265500, China
| | - Hongwen Li
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610066, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610066, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 265500, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Province Key Laboratory, Biological Big Data College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Caixi Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Qin Z, Yan C, Yang K, Wang Q, Wang Z, Gou C, Feng H, Jin Q, Dai X, Maitikadir Z, Hao H, Wang L. Genome-wide identification of walnut (Juglans regia) PME gene family members and expression analysis during infection with Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis pathogens. Genomics 2024; 116:110860. [PMID: 38776985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Walnuts exhibit a higher resistance to diseases, though they are not completely immune. This study focuses on the Pectin methylesterase (PME) gene family to investigate whether it is involved in disease resistance in walnuts. These 21 genes are distributed across 12 chromosomes, with four pairs demonstrating homology. Variations in conserved motifs and gene structures suggest diverse functions within the gene family. Phylogenetic and collinear gene pairs of the PME family indicate that the gene family has evolved in a relatively stable way. The cis-acting elements and gene ontology enrichment of these genes, underscores their potential role in bolstering walnuts' defense mechanisms. Transcriptomic analyses were conducted under conditions of Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis infestation and verified by RT-qPCR. The results showed that certain JrPME family genes were activated in response, leading to the hypothesis that some members may confer resistance to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Qin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Chengcai Yan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Kaiying Yang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Qinpeng Wang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Changqing Gou
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Hongzu Feng
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Qiming Jin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Xianxing Dai
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Zulihumar Maitikadir
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Haiting Hao
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.
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Ohashi T, Mabira Y, Mitsuyoshi Y, Kajiura H, Misaki R, Ishimizu T, Fujiyama K. Expression of an endo-rhamnogalacturonase from Aspergillus aculeatus enhances release of Arabidopsis transparent mucilage. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 138:73-82. [PMID: 38643032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Mucilage is a gelatinous and sticky hydrophilic polysaccharide released from epidermal cells of seed coat after the hydration of mature seeds and is composed primarily of unbranched rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I). In this study, we produced a recombinant endo-RG-I hydrolase from Aspergillus aculeatus (AaRhgA) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and examined its substrate preference for pyridylaminated (PA) RG-I with the various degrees of polymerization (DP). Recombinant AaRhgA requires PA-RG-I with a DP of 10 or higher for its hydrolase activity. We heterologously expressed the AarhgA gene under the strong constitutive promoter, cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, in Arabidopsis thaliana. In a series of biochemical analyses of each mucilage fraction released from the water-imbibed seeds of the transgenic plants, we found the enhanced deposition of the transparent mucilage layer that existed in the peripheral regions of the adherent mucilage and was not stained with ruthenium red. This study demonstrated the feasibility of manipulating the mucilage organization by heterologous expression of the endo-RG-I hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ohashi
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan.
| | - Yurika Mabira
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaro Mitsuyoshi
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kajiura
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Misaki
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishimizu
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Sze H, Klodová B, Ward JM, Harper JF, Palanivelu R, Johnson MA, Honys D. A wave of specific transcript and protein accumulation accompanies pollen dehydration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1775-1795. [PMID: 38530638 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In flowering plants, male gametes are immotile and carried by dry pollen grains to the female organ. Dehydrated pollen is thought to withstand abiotic stress when grains are dispersed from the anther to the pistil, after which sperm cells are delivered via pollen tube growth for fertilization and seed set. Yet, the underlying molecular changes accompanying dehydration and the impact on pollen development are poorly understood. To gain a systems perspective, we analyzed published transcriptomes and proteomes of developing Arabidopsis thaliana pollen. Waves of transcripts are evident as microspores develop to bicellular, tricellular, and mature pollen. Between the "early"- and "late"-pollen-expressed genes, an unrecognized cluster of transcripts accumulated, including those encoding late-embryogenesis abundant (LEA), desiccation-related protein, transporters, lipid-droplet associated proteins, pectin modifiers, cysteine-rich proteins, and mRNA-binding proteins. Results suggest dehydration onset initiates after bicellular pollen is formed. Proteins accumulating in mature pollen like ribosomal proteins, initiation factors, and chaperones are likely components of mRNA-protein condensates resembling "stress" granules. Our analysis has revealed many new transcripts and proteins that accompany dehydration in developing pollen. Together with published functional studies, our results point to multiple processes, including (1) protect developing pollen from hyperosmotic stress, (2) remodel the endomembrane system and walls, (3) maintain energy metabolism, (4) stabilize presynthesized mRNA and proteins in condensates of dry pollen, and (5) equip pollen for compatibility determination at the stigma and for recovery at rehydration. These findings offer novel models and molecular candidates to further determine the mechanistic basis of dehydration and desiccation tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heven Sze
- Department Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Božena Klodová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | | | - Mark A Johnson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - David Honys
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Zhang Z, Deng H, Hu S, Han H. Phase separation: a new window in RALF signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1409770. [PMID: 39006963 PMCID: PMC11240277 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1409770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Zhang
- Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huiming Deng
- Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Songping Hu
- Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huibin Han
- Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Soomro MA, Khan S, Majid A, Bhatti S, Perveen S, Phull AR. Pectin as a biofunctional food: comprehensive overview of its therapeutic effects and antidiabetic-associated mechanisms. DISCOVER APPLIED SCIENCES 2024; 6:298. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-024-05968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
AbstractPectin is a complex polysaccharide found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. It has been shown to have potential antidiabetic activity along with other biological activities, including cholesterol-lowering properties, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects, augmented healing of diabetic foot ulcers and other health benefits. There are several pectin-associated antidiabetic mechanisms, such as the regulation of glucose metabolism, reduction of oxidative stress, increased insulin sensitivity, appetite suppression and modulation of the gut microbiome. Studies have shown that pectin supplementation has antidiabetic effects in different animal models and in vitro. In human studies, pectin has been found to have a positive effect on blood glucose control, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Pectin also shows synergistic effects by enhancing the potency and efficacy of antidiabetic drugs when taken together. In conclusion, pectin has the potential to be an effective antidiabetic agent. However, further research is needed to fully understand its detailed molecular mechanisms in various animal models, functional food formulations and safety profiles for the treatment and management of diabetes and associated complications in humans. The current study was carried out to provide the critical approach towards therapeutical potential, anti-diabetic potential and underlying molecular mechanisms on the basis of existing knowledge.
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Molina A, Jordá L, Torres MÁ, Martín-Dacal M, Berlanga DJ, Fernández-Calvo P, Gómez-Rubio E, Martín-Santamaría S. Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance: Current understanding and future perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:699-724. [PMID: 38594902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their function as structural barriers, plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental conditions. Cell walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental cues. These wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress perception. Plant cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection, wounding, or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules, such as carbohydrates (glycans), that function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance. Similarly, glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI responses. The number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent years. However, the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain limited. Currently, this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family, which are involved in the perception of various molecules, such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (i.e., Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza, respectively) that trigger differential physiological responses. Nevertheless, additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide recognition. These include receptor kinases (RKs) with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs (LRR-MAL RKs), Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group (CrRLK1L) with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs, as well as wall-associated kinases, lectin-RKs, and LRR-extensins. The characterization of structural basis of glycans recognition by these new plant receptors will shed light on their similarities with those of mammalians involved in glycan perception. The gained knowledge holds the potential to facilitate the development of sustainable, glycan-based crop protection solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martín-Dacal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Rubio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Cosgrove DJ. Structure and growth of plant cell walls. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:340-358. [PMID: 38102449 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells build nanofibrillar walls that are central to plant growth, morphogenesis and mechanics. Starting from simple sugars, three groups of polysaccharides, namely, cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins, with very different physical properties are assembled by the cell to make a strong yet extensible wall. This Review describes the physics of wall growth and its regulation by cellular processes such as cellulose production by cellulose synthase, modulation of wall pH by plasma membrane H+-ATPase, wall loosening by expansin and signalling by plant hormones such as auxin and brassinosteroid. In addition, this Review discusses the nuanced roles, properties and interactions of cellulose, matrix polysaccharides and cell wall proteins and describes how wall stress and wall loosening cooperatively result in cell wall growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
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11
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Xu K, Guo Y, Xing C, Fu R, Zou B, Liu R, Cai L, Yan J, Wu XL, Cai M. Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets mitigate cadmium toxicity in Glycine max L. by promoting cadmium retention in root and improving photosynthetic performance. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:543-555. [PMID: 38105075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a serious threat to plant growth and yield. Nanomaterials have shown great application potential for alleviation of Cd toxicity to plants. In this study, we applied graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4 NSs) for alleviation of Cd-toxicity to soybean (Glycine max L.). The g-C3N4 NSs supplementation significantly improved plant growth and reduced oxidative damage in the Cd-toxicated soybean seedlings through hydroponic culture. Particularly, the g-C3N4 NSs dynamically regulated the root cell wall (RCW) components by increasing pectin content and modifying its demethylation via enhancing pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, therefore greatly enhanced stronger RCW-Cd retention (up to 82.8%) and reduced Cd migration to the shoot. Additionally, the g-C3N4 NSs reversed the Cd-induced chlorosis, increased photosynthetic efficiency because of enhancement in Fv/Fm ration, Y(II) and sugars content. These results provide new insights into the alleviation of Cd toxicity to plants by g-C3N4 NSs, and shed light on the application of low-cost and environmental-friendly carbon-based NMs for alleviating heavy metal toxicity to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yunyu Guo
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Chenghua Xing
- College of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, China
| | - Ronglong Fu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Bin Zou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Rongchuan Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Luyi Cai
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jianfang Yan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Miaozhen Cai
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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12
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Tan L, Cheng J, Zhang L, Backe J, Urbanowicz B, Heiss C, Azadi P. Pectic-AGP is a major form of Arabidopsis AGPs. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121838. [PMID: 38368088 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
As a key component in cell walls of numerous organisms ranging from green algae to higher plants, AGPs play principal roles in many biological processes such as cell-cell adhesion and regulating Ca2+ signaling pathway as a Ca2+-capacitor. Consistently, AGP structures vary from species to species and from tissue to tissue. To understand the functions of AGPs, it is vital to know their structural differences relative to their location in the plant. Thus, AGPs were purified from different Arabidopsis tissues. Analyses of these AGPs demonstrated that the AGPs comprised covalently linked pectin and AGP, referred to as pectic-AGPs. Importantly, these pectic-AGPs were glycosylated with a remarkable variety of polysaccharides including homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and type II arabinogalactan at different ratios and lengths. This result not only suggests that pectic-AGP is a major form of Arabidopsis AGPs, but also supports AGPs serve as crosslinkers covalently connecting pectins with structures tailored for tissue-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; DOE Center for Plant and Microbial Complex Carbohydrates, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America.
| | - Jielun Cheng
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; DOE Center for Plant and Microbial Complex Carbohydrates, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Liang Zhang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; DOE Center for Plant and Microbial Complex Carbohydrates, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Jason Backe
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; DOE Center for Plant and Microbial Complex Carbohydrates, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Breeanna Urbanowicz
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; DOE Center for Plant and Microbial Complex Carbohydrates, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Christian Heiss
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; DOE Center for Plant and Microbial Complex Carbohydrates, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; DOE Center for Plant and Microbial Complex Carbohydrates, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
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13
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Malacarne G, Lagreze J, Rojas San Martin B, Malnoy M, Moretto M, Moser C, Dalla Costa L. Insights into the cell-wall dynamics in grapevine berries during ripening and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:38. [PMID: 38605193 PMCID: PMC11009762 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The cell wall (CW) is the dynamic structure of a plant cell, acting as a barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses. In grape berries, the modifications of pulp and skin CW during softening ensure flexibility during cell expansion and determine the final berry texture. In addition, the CW of grape berry skin is of fundamental importance for winemaking, controlling secondary metabolite extractability. Grapevine varieties with contrasting CW characteristics generally respond differently to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the context of climate change, it is important to investigate the CW dynamics occurring upon different stresses, to define new adaptation strategies. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying CW modifications during grapevine berry fruit ripening, plant-pathogen interaction, or in response to environmental stresses, also considering the most recently published transcriptomic data. Furthermore, perspectives of new biotechnological approaches aiming at modifying the CW properties based on other crops' examples are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Malacarne
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy.
| | - Jorge Lagreze
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Barbara Rojas San Martin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Moretto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
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14
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Lathe RS, McFarlane HE, Kesten C, Wang L, Khan GA, Ebert B, Ramírez-Rodríguez EA, Zheng S, Noord N, Frandsen K, Bhalerao RP, Persson S. NKS1/ELMO4 is an integral protein of a pectin synthesis protein complex and maintains Golgi morphology and cell adhesion in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321759121. [PMID: 38579009 PMCID: PMC11009649 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321759121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Adjacent plant cells are connected by specialized cell wall regions, called middle lamellae, which influence critical agricultural characteristics, including fruit ripening and organ abscission. Middle lamellae are enriched in pectin polysaccharides, specifically homogalacturonan (HG). Here, we identify a plant-specific Arabidopsis DUF1068 protein, called NKS1/ELMO4, that is required for middle lamellae integrity and cell adhesion. NKS1 localizes to the Golgi apparatus and loss of NKS1 results in changes to Golgi structure and function. The nks1 mutants also display HG deficient phenotypes, including reduced seedling growth, changes to cell wall composition, and tissue integrity defects. These phenotypes are comparable to qua1 and qua2 mutants, which are defective in HG biosynthesis. Notably, genetic interactions indicate that NKS1 and the QUAs work in a common pathway. Protein interaction analyses and modeling corroborate that they work together in a stable protein complex with other pectin-related proteins. We propose that NKS1 is an integral part of a large pectin synthesis protein complex and that proper function of this complex is important to support Golgi structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S. Lathe
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C1871, Denmark
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam14476, Germany
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, UmeåSE-90187, Sweden
| | - Heather E. McFarlane
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G5, Canada
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
| | - Christopher Kesten
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C1871, Denmark
| | - Liu Wang
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C1871, Denmark
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
| | - Ghazanfar Abbas Khan
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC3086, Australia
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum44780, Germany
| | | | - Shuai Zheng
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C1871, Denmark
| | - Niels Noord
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, UmeåSE-90187, Sweden
| | - Kristian Frandsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C1871, Denmark
| | - Rishikesh P. Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, UmeåSE-90187, Sweden
| | - Staffan Persson
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C1871, Denmark
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam14476, Germany
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, University of AdelaideJoint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
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15
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Shakhmatov EG, Makarova EN. Structure of KOH-soluble polysaccharides from сoniferous greens of Norway spruce (Picea abies): The pectin-xylan-AGPs complex. Part 1. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130289. [PMID: 38378107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Using 7 % KOH, the polysaccharide PAK has been isolated from the coniferous greens of Norway spruce. PAK was found to contain predominantly arabinoglucuronoxylan, xyloglucan and arabinan, but also pectic polysaccharides, glucomannan and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), as determined by 1D/2D NMR analysis. It was found that fractionation of PAK on DEAE-cellulose resulted in simultaneous elution of pectins, arabinoglucuronoxylans and AGPs. It was evident that the content of 4-OMe-α-D-GlcpA and xylose, 1,4-β-D-GlcpA, and T-β-D-GlcpA increased with an increase in NaCl concentration. However, 1,4-α-D-GalpA content was almost independent of NaCl concentration, indicating unchanged pectic polysaccharide concentration. Interestingly, pectins extracted with 0.1-0.3 M NaCl solutions were richer in rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) than those extracted with water and 0.01 M NaCl. Conclusion: The content of RG-I, AGPs and arabinoglucuronoxylan rises with rising NaCl concentration. An intense signal indicating an intermolecular linkage between the xylan and RG-I domains, i.e. that part of the arabinoglucuronoxylan is covalently bound to RG-I, is observed in the HMBC spectra of the polysaccharides obtained. The discovery here of a new relationship between rhamnogalacturonan I and xylan contradicts the prevailing cell wall model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny G Shakhmatov
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya st. 48, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
| | - Elena N Makarova
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya st. 48, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
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16
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Sénéchal F, Robinson S, Van Schaik E, Trévisan M, Saxena P, Reinhardt D, Fankhauser C. Pectin methylesterification state and cell wall mechanical properties contribute to neighbor proximity-induced hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e584. [PMID: 38646567 PMCID: PMC11033045 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Plants growing with neighbors compete for light and consequently increase the growth of their vegetative organs to enhance access to sunlight. This response, called shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), involves photoreceptors such as phytochromes as well as phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs), which regulate the expression of growth-mediating genes. Numerous cell wall-related genes belong to the putative targets of PIFs, and the importance of cell wall modifications for enabling growth was extensively shown in developmental models such as dark-grown hypocotyl. However, the contribution of the cell wall in the growth of de-etiolated seedlings regulated by shade cues remains poorly established. Through analyses of mechanical and biochemical properties of the cell wall coupled with transcriptomic analysis of cell wall-related genes from previously published data, we provide evidence suggesting that cell wall modifications are important for neighbor proximity-induced elongation. Further analysis using loss-of-function mutants impaired in the synthesis and remodeling of the main cell wall polymers corroborated this. We focused on the cgr2cgr3 double mutant that is defective in methylesterification of homogalacturonan (HG)-type pectins. By following hypocotyl growth kinetically and spatially and analyzing the mechanical and biochemical properties of cell walls, we found that methylesterification of HG-type pectins was required to enable global cell wall modifications underlying neighbor proximity-induced hypocotyl growth. Collectively, our work suggests that plant competition for light induces changes in the expression of numerous cell wall genes to enable modifications in biochemical and mechanical properties of cell walls that contribute to neighbor proximity-induced growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Sénéchal
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Génopode BuildingUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Present address:
UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Plant Biology and InnovationUniversity of Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
| | - Sarah Robinson
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Present address:
The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Evert Van Schaik
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
- Present address:
University of Applied Sciences LeidenLeidenNetherlands
| | - Martine Trévisan
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Génopode BuildingUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Prashant Saxena
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Génopode BuildingUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Present address:
James Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Christian Fankhauser
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Génopode BuildingUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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17
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Zhao W, Debnath D, Gautam I, Fernando LD, Wang T. Charting the solid-state NMR signals of polysaccharides: A database-driven roadmap. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:298-309. [PMID: 37724740 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) measurements of intact cell walls and cellular samples often generate spectra that are difficult to interpret due to the presence of many coexisting glycans and the structural polymorphism observed in native conditions. To overcome this analytical challenge, we present a statistical approach for analyzing carbohydrate signals using high-resolution ssNMR data indexed in a carbohydrate database. We generate simulated spectra to demonstrate the chemical shift dispersion and compare this with experimental data to facilitate the identification of important fungal and plant polysaccharides, such as chitin and glucans in fungi and cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectic polymers in plants. We also demonstrate that chemically distinct carbohydrates from different organisms may produce almost identical signals, highlighting the need for high-resolution spectra and validation of resonance assignments. Our study provides a means to differentiate the characteristic signals of major carbohydrates and allows us to summarize currently undetected polysaccharides in plants and fungi, which may inspire future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Debkumar Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Isha Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Liyanage D Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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18
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Somssich M. From the archives: male-female communication, glue that keeps cells together, and a SUPERMAN for all flowering plants. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:795-796. [PMID: 38243577 PMCID: PMC10980338 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Somssich
- Reviewing Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
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19
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Mota APZ, Dossa K, Lechaudel M, Cornet D, Mournet P, Santoni S, Lopez D, Chaïr H. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics reveal candidate genes associated with quality traits in Dioscorea alata. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:248. [PMID: 38443859 PMCID: PMC10916269 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality traits are essential determinants of consumer preferences. Dioscorea alata (Greater Yam), is a starchy tuber crop in tropical regions. However, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis underlying yam tuber quality remains elusive. To address this knowledge gap, we employed population genomics and candidate gene association approaches to unravel the genetic factors influencing the quality attributes of boiled yam. METHODS AND RESULTS Comparative genomics analysis of 45 plant species revealed numerous novel genes absent in the existing D. alata gene annotation. This approach, adding 48% more genes, significantly enhanced the functional annotation of three crucial metabolic pathways associated with boiled yam quality traits: pentose and glucuronate interconversions, starch and sucrose metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis. In addition, the whole-genome sequencing of 127 genotypes identified 27 genes under selection and 22 genes linked to texture, starch content, and color through a candidate gene association analysis. Notably, five genes involved in starch content and cell wall composition, including 1,3-beta Glucan synthase, β-amylase, and Pectin methyl esterase, were common to both approaches and their expression levels were assessed by transcriptomic data. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the whole-genome of 127 genotypes of D. alata and the study of three specific pathways allowed the identification of important genes for tuber quality. Our findings provide insights into the genetic basis of yam quality traits and will help the enhancement of yam tuber quality through breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Zotta Mota
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, PACA, 06903, France
| | - Komivi Dossa
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, 97170, Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Mathieu Lechaudel
- UMR Qualisud, CIRAD, F97130, Capesterre-Belle-Eau, Guadeloupe, France
- QualiSud, Université Montpellier, Institut Agro, CIRAD, Avignon Université, Université de La Réunion, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Cornet
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Mournet
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Santoni
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - David Lopez
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France.
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Hana Chaïr
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France.
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
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20
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Bhattarai M, Wang Q, Javaid T, Venkataraghavan A, Al Hassan MT, O'Neill M, Tan L, Chen H, Faik A. Streamlining assays of glycosyltransferases activity using in vitro GT-array (i-GT-ray) platform: Application to family GT37 fucosyltransferases. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105734. [PMID: 38336294 PMCID: PMC10933551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous putative glycosyltransferases (GTs) have been identified using bioinformatic approaches. However, demonstrating the activity of these GTs remains a challenge. Here, we describe the development of a rapid in vitro GT-array screening platform for activity of GTs. GT-arrays are generated by cell-free in vitro protein synthesis and binding using microplates precoated with a N-terminal Halo- or a C-terminal GST-tagged GT-encoding plasmid DNA and a capture antibody. These arrays are then used for screening of transferase activities and the reactions are monitored by a luminescence GLO assay. The products formed by these reactions can be analyzed directly from the microplates by mass spectrometry. Using this platform, a total of 280 assays were performed to screen 22 putative fucosyltransferases (FUTs) from family GT37 (seven from Arabidopsis and 15 from rice) for activity toward five acceptors: non-fucosylated tamarind xyloglucan (TXyG), arabinotriose (Ara3), non-fucosylated rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), and RG-II from the mur1-1 Arabidopsis mutant, and the celery RG-II monomer lacking Arap and MeFuc of chain B and l-Gal of chain A. Our screen showed that AtFUT2, AtFUT5, and AtFUT10 have activity toward RG-I, while AtFUT8 was active on RG-II. Five rice OsFUTs have XyG-FUT activity and four rice OsFUTs have activity toward Ara3. None of the putative OsFUTs were active on the RG-I and RG-II. However, promiscuity toward acceptors was observed for several FUTs. These findings extend our knowledge of cell wall polysaccharide fucosylation in plants. We believe that in vitro GT-array platform provides a valuable tool for cell wall biochemistry and other research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matrika Bhattarai
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tasleem Javaid
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Md Tanim Al Hassan
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Malcolm O'Neill
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Li Tan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ahmed Faik
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
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21
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Zhang Z, Sun M, Xiong T, Ye F, Zhao Z. Development and genetic regulation of pollen intine in Arabidopsis and rice. Gene 2024; 893:147936. [PMID: 38381507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Pollen intine serves as a protective layer situated between the pollen exine and the plasma membrane. It performs essential functions during pollen development, including maintaining the morphological structure of the pollen, preventing the loss of pollen contents, and facilitating pollen germination. The formation of the intine layer commences at the bicellular pollen stage. Pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose and structural proteins are the key constituents of the pollen intine. In Arabidopsis and rice, numerous regulatory factors associated with polysaccharide metabolism and material transport have been identified, which regulate intine development. In this review, we elucidate the developmental processes of the pollen wall and provide a concise summary of the research advancements in the development and genetic regulation of the pollen intine in Arabidopsis and rice. A comprehensive understanding of intine development and regulation is crucial for unraveling the genetic network underlying intine development in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaibao Zhang
- School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mengke Sun
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Fan Ye
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
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22
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Zheng G, Wang Z, Wei J, Zhao J, Zhang C, Mi J, Zong Y, Liu G, Wang Y, Xu X, Zeng S. Fruit development and ripening orchestrating the biosynthesis and regulation of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in goji berry. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127970. [PMID: 37944729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are the primary bioactive components in fruits of L. barbarum, commonly known as goji berry. Despite significant progress in understanding the chemical structures and health benefits of LBPs, the biosynthesis and regulation of LBPs in goji berry remains largely unknown. In this study, physiological indicators, including LBPs, were monitored in goji berry during fruit development and ripening (FDR), suggesting that pectin might be the major component of LBPs with increased content reaching 235.8 mg/g DW. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis show that 6410 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 2052 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified with overrepresentation of flavonoids and polysaccharides-related gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that LBPs coexpress with genes involved in pectin biosynthesis (LbGALS3, LbGATL5, LbQUA1, LbGAUT1/4/7, LbRGGAT1, LbRRT1/7, and LbRHM2), modification (LbSBT1.7), and regulation (LbAP2, LbGL2 LbTLP2, LbERF4, and LbTTG2), as well as with novel transcription factors (LbSPL9 and LbRIN homologs) and glycosyltransferases. Transgenic hairy roots overexpressing LbRIN validated that LbRIN modulate the expression of WGCNA-predicted regulators, including LbERF4, LbTTG2, and LbSPL9. These findings suggest that the biosynthesis and regulation of LBPs is conserved partially to those in Arabidopsis pectin. Taken together, this study provides valuable insights into the biosynthesis and regulation of LBPs, which can facilitate future studies on synthetic biology applications and genetic improvement of LBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jinrong Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Juanhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Juanjuan Mi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuan Zong
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai, Xining, China.
| | - Genhong Liu
- College of Agricultural Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Xing Xu
- College of Agricultural Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Shaohua Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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23
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Makarova EN, Shakhmatov EG. Structure of KOH-soluble polysaccharides from сoniferous greens of Norway spruce (Picea abies): The pectin-xylan-AGPs complex. Part 2. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128000. [PMID: 37949276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymers containing arabinoglucuronoxylan, fucogalactoxyglucan, pectin and arabinogalactan proteins were obtained from PAK isolated from Norway spruce with 7 % KOH. The pectin core of PAK-I2-F-1 and PAK-I2-F-2 was dominated by RG-I, as treatment with 1,4-α-D-polygalacturonase resulted in almost complete removal of homogalacturonan. Interestingly, the above has not affected the co-fractionation of arabinoglucuronoxylan (AGX), arabinogalactan proteins and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I). Since pectin was mainly represented by RG-I, we concluded that xylan is specifically associated with RG-I. Correlations in the HMBC spectrum demonstrate intermolecular interactions between the α-L-Rhap (RG-I) and the Xyl (xylan), indicating a covalently bound AGX:RG-I complex via the Xyl-(1→4)-Rha bond: …→2)-[(2,4-β-D-Xylp)-(1→4)]-[(α-D-GalpA-(1→2)]-α-L-Rhap-(1→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→…. In PAK-H1-1-F-1 and PAK-H1-1-F-2, parts of RG-I and xylan were removed by enzymolysis. Part of the xylan was probably attached to the above-mentioned RG-I blocks. The removal of part of RG-I, xylan and the disappearance of the signal in the HMBC spectrum indicating the bond between RG-I and xylan confirms that part of the arabinoglucuronoxylan is covalently bound to RG-I. The observed glycosidic linkage contradicts the dominant PCW model in which pectin and hemicellulose polysaccharide networks are considered as independent components. It can be concluded that alkali-soluble xylan from Norway spruce was detected both in the free state and covalently bound to pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Makarova
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya st. 48, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - Evgeny G Shakhmatov
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pervomaiskaya st. 48, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
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24
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Pancaldi F, Schranz ME, van Loo EN, Trindade LM. Highly differentiated genomic properties underpin the different cell walls of Poaceae and eudicots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:274-295. [PMID: 37141316 PMCID: PMC10762515 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls of Poaceae and eudicots differ substantially, both in the content and composition of their components. However, the genomic and genetic basis underlying these differences is not fully resolved. In this research, we analyzed multiple genomic properties of 150 cell wall gene families across 169 angiosperm genomes. The properties analyzed include gene presence/absence, copy number, synteny, occurrence of tandem gene clusters, and phylogenetic gene diversity. Results revealed a profound genomic differentiation of cell wall genes between Poaceae and eudicots, often associated with the cell wall diversity between these plant groups. For example, overall patterns of gene copy number variation and synteny were clearly divergent between Poaceae and eudicot species. Moreover, differential Poaceae-eudicot copy number and genomic contexts were observed for all the genes within the BEL1-like HOMEODOMAIN 6 regulatory pathway, which respectively induces and represses secondary cell wall synthesis in Poaceae and eudicots. Similarly, divergent synteny, copy number, and phylogenetic gene diversification were observed for the major biosynthetic genes of xyloglucans, mannans, and xylans, potentially contributing to the differences in content and types of hemicellulosic polysaccharides differences in Poaceae and eudicot cell walls. Additionally, the Poaceae-specific tandem clusters and/or higher copy number of PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE, CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, or PEROXIDASE genes may underly the higher content and larger variety of phenylpropanoid compounds observed in Poaceae cell walls. All these patterns are discussed in detail in this study, along with their evolutionary and biological relevance for cell wall (genomic) diversification between Poaceae and eudicots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pancaldi
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eibertus N van Loo
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa M Trindade
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Kamel H, Geitmann A. Strength in numbers: An isoform variety of homogalacturonan modifying enzymes may contribute to pollen tube fitness. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:67-80. [PMID: 37819032 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a major component of the cell wall in land plants. It plays crucial roles in cell wall assembly, cell growth, shaping, and signaling. The relative abundance of pectin in the cell wall is particularly high in rapidly growing organ regions and cell types. Homogalacturonan (HG), a polymer of 1,4-linked α-D-galacturonic acid, is a major pectin constituent in growing and dividing plant cells. In pollen tubes, an extremely rapidly growing cell type, HG is secreted at and inserted into the apical cell wall and is subject to further modification in muro by HG modifying enzymes (HGMEs). These enzymes, including pectin esterases and depolymerases, have multiple isoforms, some of which are specifically expressed in pollen. Given the importance of pectin chemistry for the fitness of pollen tubes, it is of interest to interrogate the potentially crucial roles these isoforms play in pollen germination and elongation. It is hypothesized that different HGME isoforms, through their action on apoplastic HG, may generate differential methylation and acetylation patterns endowing HG polysaccharides with specific, spatially and temporally varying properties that lead to a fine-tuned pattern of cell wall modification. In addition, these isoforms may be differentially activated and/or inhibited depending on the local conditions that may vary at subcellular resolution. In this Update we review the different HGME isoforms identified in recent years in Arabidopsis thaliana and postulate that the multiplicity of these isoforms may allow for specialized substrate recognition and conditional activation, leading to a sophisticated regulation scheme exemplified in the process that governs the dynamic properties of the cell wall in pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Kamel
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Anja Geitmann
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
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26
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Dayal A, Pan JM, Kwan SP, Ackermann M, Khalil HA, Mentzer SJ. Facilitated Transport across Glycocalyceal Barriers in the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:4. [PMID: 38201668 PMCID: PMC10781099 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery to visceral organs offers the possibility of not only limiting the required dose, but also minimizing drug toxicity; however, there is no reliable method for delivering drugs to the surface of visceral organs. Here, we used six color tracers and the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model to investigate the use of the heteropolysaccharide pectin to facilitate tracer diffusion across the glycocalyceal charge barrier. The color tracers included brilliant blue, Congo red, crystal violet, indocyanine green, methylene blue, and methyl green. The direct application of the tracers to the CAM surface or embedding tracers into linear-chain nanocellulose fiber films resulted in no significant diffusion into the CAM. In contrast, when the tracers were actively loaded into branched-chain pectin films, there was significant detectable diffusion of the tracers into the CAM. The facilitated diffusion was observed in the three cationic tracers but was limited in the three anionic tracers. Diffusion appeared to be dependent on ionic charge, but independent of tracer size or molecular mass. We conclude that dye-loaded pectin films facilitated the diffusion of color tracers across the glycocalyceal charge barrier and may provide a therapeutic path for drug delivery to the surface of visceral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuhya Dayal
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.); (J.M.P.); (S.P.K.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Jennifer M. Pan
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.); (J.M.P.); (S.P.K.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Stacey P. Kwan
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.); (J.M.P.); (S.P.K.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Hassan A. Khalil
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.); (J.M.P.); (S.P.K.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Steven J. Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.); (J.M.P.); (S.P.K.); (H.A.K.)
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27
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Jobert F, Yadav S, Robert S. Auxin as an architect of the pectin matrix. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6933-6949. [PMID: 37166384 PMCID: PMC10690733 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a versatile plant growth regulator that triggers multiple signalling pathways at different spatial and temporal resolutions. A plant cell is surrounded by the cell wall, a complex and dynamic network of polysaccharides. The cell wall needs to be rigid to provide mechanical support and protection and highly flexible to allow cell growth and shape acquisition. The modification of the pectin components, among other processes, is a mechanism by which auxin activity alters the mechanical properties of the cell wall. Auxin signalling precisely controls the transcriptional output of several genes encoding pectin remodelling enzymes, their local activity, pectin deposition, and modulation in different developmental contexts. This review examines the mechanism of auxin activity in regulating pectin chemistry at organ, cellular, and subcellular levels across diverse plant species. Moreover, we ask questions that remain to be addressed to fully understand the interplay between auxin and pectin in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Jobert
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
- CRRBM, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Robert
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
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28
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Bai Y, Yu H, Chen L, Meng Y, Ma Y, Wang D, Qian Y, Zhang D, Feng X, Zhou Y. Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis of Aquilegia vulgaris Root Reveals the Cell Wall's Roles in Salinity Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16450. [PMID: 38003641 PMCID: PMC10671252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress has a considerable impact on the development and growth of plants. The soil is currently affected by salinisation, a problem that is becoming worse every year. This means that a significant amount of salt-tolerant plant material needs to be added. Aquilegia vulgaris has aesthetically pleasing leaves, unique flowers, and a remarkable tolerance to salt. In this study, RNA-seq technology was used to sequence and analyse the transcriptome of the root of Aquilegia vulgaris seedlings subjected to 200 mM NaCl treatment for 12, 24, and 48 h. In total, 12 Aquilegia vulgaris seedling root transcriptome libraries were constructed. At the three time points of salt treatment compared with the control, 3888, 1907, and 1479 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, respectively. Various families of transcription factors (TFs), mainly AP2, MYB, and bHLH, were identified and might be linked to salt tolerance. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of DEGs revealed that the structure and composition of the cell wall and cytoskeleton may be crucial in the response to salt stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of the DEGs showed a significant enrichment of the pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathway, which is associated with cell wall metabolism after 24 and 48 h of salt treatment. Based on GO and KEGG analyses of DEGs, the pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathway was selected for further investigation. AP2, MYB, and bHLH were found to be correlated with the functional genes in this pathway based on a correlation network. This study provides the groundwork for understanding the key pathways and gene networks in response to salt stress, thereby providing a theoretical basis for improving salt tolerance in Aquilegia vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yunwei Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.B.); (H.Y.); (L.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.M.); (D.W.); (Y.Q.); (D.Z.); (X.F.)
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29
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Mohnen D. A signaling peptide locks pollen tube walls. Science 2023; 382:648-649. [PMID: 37943905 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A protein-peptide complex generates and stabilizes a cell-wall carbohydrate lattice.
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30
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Moussu S, Lee HK, Haas KT, Broyart C, Rathgeb U, De Bellis D, Levasseur T, Schoenaers S, Fernandez GS, Grossniklaus U, Bonnin E, Hosy E, Vissenberg K, Geldner N, Cathala B, Höfte H, Santiago J. Plant cell wall patterning and expansion mediated by protein-peptide-polysaccharide interaction. Science 2023; 382:719-725. [PMID: 37943924 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of cell wall polysaccharides into specific patterns is required for plant growth. A complex of RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR 4 (RALF4) and its cell wall-anchored LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT EXTENSIN 8 (LRX8)-interacting protein is crucial for cell wall integrity during pollen tube growth, but its molecular connection with the cell wall is unknown. Here, we show that LRX8-RALF4 complexes adopt a heterotetrametric configuration in vivo, displaying a dendritic distribution. The LRX8-RALF4 complex specifically interacts with demethylesterified pectins in a charge-dependent manner through RALF4's polycationic surface. The LRX8-RALF4-pectin interaction exerts a condensing effect, patterning the cell wall's polymers into a reticulated network essential for wall integrity and expansion. Our work uncovers a dual structural and signaling role for RALF4 in pollen tube growth and in the assembly of complex extracellular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Moussu
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kalina T Haas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Caroline Broyart
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ursina Rathgeb
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damien De Bellis
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gorka S Fernandez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Eric Hosy
- IINS, CNRS UMR5297, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Plant Biochemistry & Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Stavromenos PC 71410, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Herman Höfte
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Julia Santiago
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Li Z, Chen R, Wen Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Wu X, Yang Y, Wu X, Zhou Y, Liu J. Comprehensive analysis of the UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase (UXS) gene family in tobacco and functional characterization of NtUXS16 in Golgi apparatus in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:551. [PMID: 37936064 PMCID: PMC10631120 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase (also named UXS) converts UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) to UDP-xylose (UDP-Xyl) by decarboxylation of the C6-carboxylic acid of glucuronic acid. UDP-Xyl is an important sugar donor that is required for the synthesis of plant cell wall polysaccharides. RESULTS In this study, we first carried out the genome-wide identification of NtUXS genes in tobacco. A total of 17 NtUXS genes were identified, which could be divided into two groups (Group I and II), and the Group II UXSs can be further divided into two subgroups (Group IIa and IIb). Furthermore, the protein structures, intrachromosomal distributions and gene structures were thoroughly analyzed. To experimentally verify the subcellular localization of NtUXS16 protein, we transformed tobacco BY-2 cells with NtUXS16 fused to the monomeric red fluorescence protein (mRFP) at the C terminus under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. The fluorescent signals of NtUXS16-mRFP were localized to the medial-Golgi apparatus. Contrary to previous predictions, protease digestion analysis revealed that NtUXS16 is not a type II membrane protein. Overexpression of NtUXS16 in Arabidopsis seedling in darkness led to a significant increase in hypocotyl length and a reduction in root length compared with the wild type. In summary, these results suggest Golgi apparatus localized-NtUXS16 plays an important role in hypocotyl and root growth in the dark. CONCLUSION Our findings facilitate our understanding of the novel functions of NtUXS16 and provide insights for further exploration of the biological roles of NtUXS genes in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Runping Chen
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yufang Wen
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hanxiang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Youxin Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinru Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Jianping Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
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Fernando LD, Zhao W, Gautam I, Ankur A, Wang T. Polysaccharide assemblies in fungal and plant cell walls explored by solid-state NMR. Structure 2023; 31:1375-1385. [PMID: 37597511 PMCID: PMC10843855 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Structural analysis of macromolecular complexes within their natural cellular environment presents a significant challenge. Recent applications of solid-state NMR (ssNMR) techniques on living fungal cells and intact plant tissues have greatly enhanced our understanding of the structure of extracellular matrices. Here, we selectively highlight the most recent progress in this field. Specifically, we discuss how ssNMR can provide detailed insights into the chemical composition and conformational structure of pectin, and the consequential impact on polysaccharide interactions and cell wall organization. We elaborate on the use of ssNMR data to uncover the arrangement of the lignin-polysaccharide interface and the macrofibrillar structure in native plant stems or during degradation processes. We also comprehend the dynamic structure of fungal cell walls under various morphotypes and stress conditions. Finally, we assess how the combination of NMR with other techniques can enhance our capacity to address unresolved structural questions concerning these complex macromolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyanage D Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Wancheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Isha Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ankur Ankur
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Jiang S, Pan L, Zhou Q, Xu W, He F, Zhang L, Gao H. Analysis of the apoplast fluid proteome during the induction of systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16324. [PMID: 37876907 PMCID: PMC10592298 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plant-pathogen interactions occur in the apoplast comprising the cell wall matrix and the fluid in the extracellular space outside the plasma membrane. However, little is known regarding the contribution of the apoplastic proteome to systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Methods Specifically, SAR was induced by inoculating plants with Pst DC3000 avrRps4. The apoplast washing fluid (AWF) was collected from the systemic leaves of the SAR-induced or mock-treated plants. A label free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to identified the proteins related to SAR in AWF. Results A total of 117 proteins were designated as differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs), including numerous pathogenesis-related proteins, kinases, glycosyl hydrolases, and redox-related proteins. Functional enrichment analyses shown that these DAPs were mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolic process, cell wall organization, hydrogen peroxide catabolic process, and positive regulation of catalytic activity. Comparative analysis of proteome data indicated that these DAPs were selectively enriched in the apoplast during the induction of SAR. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate the apoplastic proteome is involved in SAR. The data presented herein may be useful for future investigations on the molecular mechanism mediating the establishment of SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Jiang
- College of Survey and Planning, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Liying Pan
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Fuge He
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hang Gao
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
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Lin ML, Lu F, Zhou X, Xiong X, Lai NW, Li-Song C, Zeng-Rong H. The adaptation of root cell wall pectin to copper toxicity in two citrus species differing in copper tolerance: remodeling and responding. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1825-1840. [PMID: 37490400 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Citrus species are prone to suffer from copper (Cu) toxicity because of improper application of Cu-based agrochemicals. Copper immobilization mediated by pectin methylesterase (PME) in the root cell wall (CW) is effective for Cu detoxification. However, the underlying mechanisms of the structural modification and stress responses of citrus root CW pectin to Cu toxicity have been less discussed. In the present study, seedlings of 'Shatian pummelo' (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) and 'Xuegan' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), which differ in Cu tolerance, were irrigated with nutrient solution containing 0.5 (as control), 100, 300 or 500 μM Cu for 18 weeks in sandy culture or 24 h in hydroponics. At the end of treatments in the 18-week sandy culture, Cu toxicity on CW pectin content, Cu distribution, degree of pectin methylesterification (DPM) and the PME enzyme activity were discussed. At the genome-wide level, PME gene family was identified from the two citrus species, and qRT-PCR array of citrus PMEs under control and 300 μM Cu stress for 18 weeks were performed to screen the Cu-responsive PME genes. Moreover, the candidate genes that responded to Cu toxicity were further examined within 24 h. The results showed that Cu toxicity increased the root CW pectin content. The root CW pectin under Cu toxicity was remodeled by upregulation of the expression of the Cu-responsive PME genes followed by increasing PME activity, which mainly promoted low methylesterased pectin level and the Cu content on root CW pectin. Compared with C. sinensis, C. grandis root CW had a lower DPM and higher Cu content on the Cu-stressed root CW pectin, contributing to its higher Cu tolerance. Our present study provided theoretical evidence for root CW pectin remodeling in response to Cu toxicity of citrus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lan Lin
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fei Lu
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xing Xiong
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ning-Wei Lai
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chen Li-Song
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huang Zeng-Rong
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Sharifsadat SZ, Aghdasi M, Ghanati F, Arzanesh MH. Harmonized biochemical modification of cell walls to get permission for entrance of Azospirillum sp. to rice roots. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111823. [PMID: 37572965 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen-fixation is important in increasing crop efficiency. Azospirillum is a nitrogen-fixing microorganism that naturally coexists with grasses roots. The present study was undertaken to clarify the role of rice root cell walls in the acceptance of two Azospirillum species, alone or in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) treatments. Rice seedlings were grown in Yoshida solution for 21 days and then inoculated with A. brasilense and A. irakens in the presence of 0, 0.57, and 1.14 mM of IAA or 0, 0.29, and 0.58 mM GA3 or a combination of 1.14 mM of IAA and 0.58 mM of GA3. The results showed that the amount of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, total nitrogen and activity of ferulic acid peroxidase, NADPH oxidase, nitrate reductase, pectin methyl esterase, cellulase, mannanase, xylanase and pectinase were significantly increased in inoculated samples treated with or without phytohormones. The highest activity of these enzymes was observed in A. brasilense- inoculated rice roots in auxin+gibberellin treatment. In the latter, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and wall ferulic acid peroxidase enzymes, the content of cell wall polysaccharide, lignin, and total phenolic compounds were the least, compared to controls and also with those samples which were inoculated with A. irakens. The results indicate an active role of the wall and its enzymes in allowing bacteria to enter the roots. Understanding this mechanism can improve the methods of inoculating bacteria into plants and increase crop efficiency, which will result in reduced use of chemical fertilizers and their destructive environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahnaz Aghdasi
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department Biology, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Scuience, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Arzanesh
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Golestan's Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Gorgan, Iran
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Yu Y, Hu H, Voytas DF, Doust AN, Kellogg EA. The YABBY gene SHATTERING1 controls activation rather than patterning of the abscission zone in Setaria viridis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:846-862. [PMID: 37533135 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Abscission is predetermined in specialized cell layers called the abscission zone (AZ) and activated by developmental or environmental signals. In the grass family, most identified AZ genes regulate AZ anatomy, which differs among lineages. A YABBY transcription factor, SHATTERING1 (SH1), is a domestication gene regulating abscission in multiple cereals, including rice and Setaria. In rice, SH1 inhibits lignification specifically in the AZ. However, the AZ of Setaria is nonlignified throughout, raising the question of how SH1 functions in species without lignification. Crispr-Cas9 knockout mutants of SH1 were generated in Setaria viridis and characterized with histology, cell wall and auxin immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, hormonal treatment and RNA-Seq analysis. The sh1 mutant lacks shattering, as expected. No differences in cell anatomy or cell wall components including lignin were observed between sh1 and the wild-type (WT) until abscission occurs. Chloroplasts degenerated in the AZ of WT before abscission, but degeneration was suppressed by auxin treatment. Auxin distribution and expression of auxin-related genes differed between WT and sh1, with the signal of an antibody to auxin detected in the sh1 chloroplast. SH1 in Setaria is required for activation of abscission through auxin signaling, which is not reported in other grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Yu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Daniel F Voytas
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Andrew N Doust
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kellogg
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
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Xiang M, Yuan S, Zhang Q, Liu X, Li Q, Leng Z, Sha J, Anderson CT, Xiao C. Galactosylation of xyloglucan is essential for the stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton and endomembrane system through the proper assembly of cell walls. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5104-5123. [PMID: 37386914 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Xyloglucan, a major hemicellulose, interacts with cellulose and pectin to assemble primary cell walls in plants. Loss of the xyloglucan galactosyltransferase MURUS3 (MUR3) leads to the deficiency of galactosylated xyloglucan and perturbs plant growth. However, it is unclear whether defects in xyloglucan galactosylation influence the synthesis of other wall polysaccharides, cell wall integrity, cytoskeleton behaviour, and endomembrane homeostasis. Here, we found that in mur3-7 etiolated seedlings cellulose was reduced, CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) genes were down-regulated, the density and mobility of cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) were decreased, and cellulose microfibrils become discontinuous. Pectin, rhamnogalacturonan II (RGII), and boron contents were reduced in mur3-7 plants, and B-RGII cross-linking was abnormal. Wall porosity and thickness were significantly increased in mur3-7 seedlings. Endomembrane aggregation was also apparent in the mur3-7 mutant. Furthermore, mutant seedlings and their actin filaments were more sensitive to Latrunculin A (LatA) treatment. However, all defects in mur3-7 mutants were substantially restored by exogenous boric acid application. Our study reveals the importance of MUR3-mediated xyloglucan galactosylation for cell wall structural assembly and homeostasis, which is required for the stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton and the endomembrane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qingyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhengmei Leng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jingjing Sha
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chaowen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Tsyganova AV, Seliverstova EV, Tsyganov VE. Comparison of the Formation of Plant-Microbial Interface in Pisum sativum L. and Medicago truncatula Gaertn. Nitrogen-Fixing Nodules. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13850. [PMID: 37762151 PMCID: PMC10531038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Different components of the symbiotic interface play an important role in providing positional information during rhizobial infection and nodule development: successive changes in cell morphology correspond to subsequent changes in the molecular architecture of the apoplast and the associated surface structures. The localisation and distribution of pectins, xyloglucans, and cell wall proteins in symbiotic nodules of Pisum sativum and Medicago truncatula were studied using immunofluorescence and immunogold analysis in wild-type and ineffective mutant nodules. As a result, the ontogenetic changes in the symbiotic interface in the nodules of both species were described. Some differences in the patterns of distribution of cell wall polysaccharides and proteins between wild-type and mutant nodules can be explained by the activation of defence reaction or premature senescence in mutants. The absence of fucosylated xyloglucan in the cell walls in the P. sativum nodules, as well as its predominant accumulation in the cell walls of uninfected cells in the M. truncatula nodules, and the presence of the rhamnogalacturonan I (unbranched) backbone in meristematic cells in P. sativum can be attributed to the most striking species-specific features of the symbiotic interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Tsyganova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.V.S.); (V.E.T.)
| | - Elena V. Seliverstova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.V.S.); (V.E.T.)
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Viktor E. Tsyganov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.V.S.); (V.E.T.)
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Ismael M, Charras Q, Leschevin M, Herfurth D, Roulard R, Quéro A, Rusterucci C, Domon JM, Jungas C, Vermerris W, Rayon C. Seasonal Variation in Cell Wall Composition and Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Seagrass Posidonia oceanica Growing at Different Depths. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3155. [PMID: 37687400 PMCID: PMC10490095 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Posidonia oceanica is a common seagrass in the Mediterranean Sea that is able to sequester large amounts of carbon. The carbon assimilated during photosynthesis can be partitioned into non-structural sugars and cell-wall polymers. In this study, we investigated the distribution of carbon in starch, soluble carbohydrates and cell-wall polymers in leaves and rhizomes of P. oceanica. Analyses were performed during summer and winter in meadows located south of the Frioul archipelago near Marseille, France. The leaves and rhizomes were isolated from plants collected in shallow (2 m) and deep water (26 m). Our results showed that P. oceanica stores more carbon as starch, sucrose and cellulose in summer and that this is more pronounced in rhizomes from deep-water plants. In winter, the reduction in photoassimilates was correlated with a lower cellulose content, compensated with a greater lignin content, except in rhizomes from deep-water plants. The syringyl-to-guaiacyl (S/G) ratio in the lignin was higher in leaves than in rhizomes and decreased in rhizomes in winter, indicating a change in the distribution or structure of the lignin. These combined data show that deep-water plants store more carbon during summer, while in winter the shallow- and deep-water plants displayed a different cell wall composition reflecting their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ismael
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Quentin Charras
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP Team, 13009 Marseille, France; (Q.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Maïté Leschevin
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA Cadarache, Zone Cité des Énergies BIAM, Bâtiment 1900, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Damien Herfurth
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Romain Roulard
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Anthony Quéro
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Christine Rusterucci
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Jean-Marc Domon
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Colette Jungas
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP Team, 13009 Marseille, France; (Q.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Wilfred Vermerris
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Catherine Rayon
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; (M.I.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (R.R.); (A.Q.); (C.R.); (J.-M.D.)
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Wang Y, Zhang D, Huang L, Zhang Z, Shi Q, Hu J, He G, Guo X, Shi H, Liang L. Uncovering the interactions between PME and PMEI at the gene and protein levels: Implications for the design of specific PMEI. J Mol Model 2023; 29:286. [PMID: 37610510 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) can specifically bind and inhibit the activity of pectin methylesterase (PME), which has been widely used in fruit and vegetable juice processing. However, the limited three-dimensional structure, unclear action mechanism, low thermal stability and biological activity of PMEI severely limited its application. In this work, molecular recognition and conformational changes of PME and PMEI were analyzed by various molecular simulation methods. Then suggestions were proposed for improving thermal stability and affinity maturation of PMEI through semi-rational design. METHODS Phylogenetic trees of PME and PMEI were established using the Maximum likelihood (ML) method. The results show that PME and PMEI have good sequence and structure conservation in various plants, and the simulated data can be widely adopted. In this work, MD simulations were performed using AMBER20 package and ff14SB force field. Protein interaction analysis indicates that H-bonds, van der Waals forces, and the salt bridge formed of K224 with ID116 are the main driving forces for mutual molecular recognition of PME and PMEI. According to the analyses of free energy landscape (FEL), conformational cluster, and motion, the association with PMEI greatly disrupts PME's dispersed functional motion mode and biological function. By monitoring the changes of residue contact number and binding free energy, IG35M/ IG35R: IT93F and IT113W/ IT113W: ID116W mutations contribute to thermal stability and affinity maturation of the PME-PMEI complex system, respectively. This work reveals the interaction between PME and PMEI at the gene and protein levels and provides options for modifying specific PMEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueteng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Derong Zhang
- School of Marxism, Chengdu Vocational & Technical College of Industry, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Lifen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Zelan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Quanshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Gang He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China.
| | - Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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41
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Scholz P, Chapman KD, Ischebeck T, Guzha A. Analysis of Pectin-derived Monosaccharides from Arabidopsis Using GC-MS. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4746. [PMID: 37638300 PMCID: PMC10450732 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectin is a complex polysaccharide present in the plant cell wall, whose composition is constantly remodelled to adapt to environmental or developmental changes. Mutants with altered pectin composition have been reported to exhibit altered stress or pathogen resistance. Understanding the link between mutant phenotypes and their pectin composition requires robust analytical methods to detect changes in the relative monosaccharide composition. Here, we describe a quick and efficient gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based method that allows the differential analysis of pectin monosaccharide composition in plants under different conditions or between mutant plants and their respective wild types. Pectin is extracted from seed mucilage or from the alcohol-insoluble residue prepared from leaves or other organs and is subsequently hydrolysed with trifluoracetic acid. The resulting acidic and neutral monosaccharides are then derivatised and measured simultaneously by GC-MS. Key features Comparative analysis of monosaccharide content in Arabidopsis-derived pectin between different genotypes or different treatments. Procedures for two sources of pectin are shown: seed coat mucilage and alcohol-insoluble residue. Allows quick analyses of neutral and acidic monosaccharides simultaneously. Graphical overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Scholz
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kent D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Green Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Athanas Guzha
- Department for Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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42
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Yan J, Liu Y, Yan J, Liu Z, Lou H, Wu J. The salt-activated CBF1/CBF2/CBF3-GALS1 module fine-tunes galactan-induced salt hypersensitivity in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1904-1917. [PMID: 37149782 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are significantly hampered in saline environments, limiting agricultural productivity. Thus, it is crucial to unravel the mechanism underlying plant responses to salt stress. β-1,4-Galactan (galactan), which forms the side chains of pectic rhamnogalacturonan I, enhances plant sensitivity to high-salt stress. Galactan is synthesized by GALACTAN SYNTHASE1 (GALS1). We previously showed that NaCl relieves the direct suppression of GALS1 transcription by the transcription factors BPC1 and BPC2 to induce the excess accumulation of galactan in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, how plants adapt to this unfavorable environment remains unclear. Here, we determined that the transcription factors CBF1, CBF2, and CBF3 directly interact with the GALS1 promoter and repress its expression, leading to reduced galactan accumulation and enhanced salt tolerance. Salt stress enhances the binding of CBF1/CBF2/CBF3 to the GALS1 promoter by inducing CBF1/CBF2/CBF3 transcription and accumulation. Genetic analysis suggested that CBF1/CBF2/CBF3 function upstream of GALS1 to modulate salt-induced galactan biosynthesis and the salt response. CBF1/CBF2/CBF3 and BPC1/BPC2 function in parallel to regulate GALS1 expression, thereby modulating the salt response. Our results reveal a mechanism in which salt-activated CBF1/CBF2/CBF3 inhibit BPC1/BPC2-regulated GALS1 expression to alleviate galactan-induced salt hypersensitivity, providing an activation/deactivation fine-tune mechanism for dynamic regulation of GALS1 expression under salt stress in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jiawen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Heqiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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43
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Balk M, Sofia P, Neffe AT, Tirelli N. Lignin, the Lignification Process, and Advanced, Lignin-Based Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11668. [PMID: 37511430 PMCID: PMC10380785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
At a time when environmental considerations are increasingly pushing for the application of circular economy concepts in materials science, lignin stands out as an under-used but promising and environmentally benign building block. This review focuses (A) on understanding what we mean with lignin, i.e., where it can be found and how it is produced in plants, devoting particular attention to the identity of lignols (including ferulates that are instrumental for integrating lignin with cell wall polysaccharides) and to the details of their coupling reactions and (B) on providing an overview how lignin can actually be employed as a component of materials in healthcare and energy applications, finally paying specific attention to the use of lignin in the development of organic shape-memory materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Balk
- Institute of Functional Materials for Sustainability, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Pietro Sofia
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- The Open University Affiliated Research Centre at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (ARC@IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Axel T Neffe
- Institute of Functional Materials for Sustainability, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Higuera-Coelho RA, Basanta MF, Rossetti L, Pérez CD, Rojas AM, Fissore EN. Antioxidant pectins from eggplant (Solanum melongena) fruit exocarp, calyx and flesh isolated through high-power ultrasound and sodium carbonate. Food Chem 2023; 412:135547. [PMID: 36716626 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dried and milled eggplant fruit peel and calyces (PC) and mesocarp, placenta and core (Mes) were utilized as natural sources of valuable chemicals. Pectins were extracted with 0.1 M Na2CO3 (1 h; 23 °C). A high-power ultrasound (US) pretreatment (10 min net time; 12.76 W/cm2 power intensity) in 10:200 (g/mL) powder:water ratio led to the lowest solvent and energy consumptions after the subsequent 0.1 M Na2CO3 stirring, permitting the highest recoveries of uronic acid (UA) from PC and Mes (80.25 and 93.8 %, respectively). Homogalacturonans (>65 % w/w UA) of low degree of methylesterification, of acetylation, and 90,214-138,184 Da molecular weights with low polydispersity (≈1.32-1.40) were obtained. They included released ferulate (≈3.5 mg/100 g) esterified pectins. Antioxidants (caffeoylquinic acid, putrescine and spermidine derivatives, β-carotene, lutein) gave additional technological value to their thickening effect as pectins protected tryptophan, tyrosine, alkyl side chains and sulfhydryl of skim milk proteins from UV-C photo-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Higuera-Coelho
- Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGACiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria F Basanta
- Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGACiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Rossetti
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC-77, B1708WAB-Morón, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina D Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC-77, B1708WAB-Morón, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Rojas
- Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGACiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana N Fissore
- Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGACiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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45
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Zheng HX, Yang YL, Liu WS, Zhong Y, Cao Y, Qiu RL, Liu C, van der Ent A, Hodson MJ, Tang YT. Rare earth elements detoxification mechanism in the hyperaccumulator Dicranopteris linearis: [silicon-pectin] matrix fixation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131254. [PMID: 36965356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dicranopteris linearis is the best-known hyperaccumulator species of rare earth elements (REEs) and silicon (Si), capable of dealing with toxic level of REEs. Hence, this study aimed to clarify how D. linearis leaves cope with excessive REE stress, and whether Si plays a role in REE detoxification. The results show that lanthanum (La - as a representative of the REEs) stress led to decreased biomass and an increase of metabolism related to leaf cell wall synthesis and modification. However, the La stress-induced responses, especially the increase of pectin-related gene expression level, pectin polysaccharides concentration, and methylesterase activity, could be mitigated by Si supply. Approximately 70% of the Si in D. linearis leaves interacted with the cell walls to form organosilicon Si-O-C linkages. The Si-modified cell walls contained more hydroxyl groups, leading to a more efficient REE retention compared to the Si-free ones. Moreover, this [Si-cell wall] matrix increased the pectin-La accumulation capacity by 64%, with no effect on hemicellulose-La and cellulose-La accumulation capacity. These results suggest that [Si-pectin] matrix fixation is key in REE detoxification in D. linearis, laying the foundation for the development of phytotechnological applications (e.g., REE phytomining) using this species in REE-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xiang Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Lu Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Shen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ying Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yue Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rong-Liang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Antony van der Ent
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands; Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, France; Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Martin J Hodson
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ye-Tao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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46
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Zhang X, Guo H, Xiao C, Yan Z, Ning N, Chen G, Zhang J, Hu H. PECTIN METHYLESTERASE INHIBITOR18 functions in stomatal dynamics and stomatal dimension. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1603-1620. [PMID: 36879425 PMCID: PMC10231589 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterification in guard cell (GC) walls plays an important role in stomatal development and stomatal response to external stimuli, and pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) modulate pectin methylesterification by inhibition of pectin methylesterase (PME). However, the function of PMEIs has not been reported in stomata. Here, we report the role of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PECTIN METHYLESTERASE INHIBITOR18 in stomatal dynamic responses to environmental changes. PMEI18 mutation increased pectin demethylesterification and reduced pectin degradation, resulting in increased stomatal pore size, impaired stomatal dynamics, and hypersensitivity to drought stresses. In contrast, overexpression of PMEI18 reduced pectin demethylesterification and increased pectin degradation, causing more rapid stomatal dynamics. PMEI18 interacted with PME31 in plants, and in vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that PMEI18 directly inhibits the PME activity of PME31 on pectins. Genetic interaction analyses suggested that PMEI18 modulates stomatal dynamics mainly through inhibition of PME31 on pectin methylesterification in cell walls. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanism of the PMEI18-PME31 module in stomatal dynamics and highlight the role of PMEI18 and PME31 in stomatal dynamics through modulation of pectin methylesterification and distribution in GC walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanlei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nina Ning
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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47
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Bai M, Tong P, Luo Q, Shang N, Huang H, Huai B, Wu H. CgPG21 is involved in the degradation of the cell wall during the secretory cavity formation in Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa' fruits. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023:10.1007/s00299-023-03032-7. [PMID: 37219583 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION CgPG21 is mainly located in the cell wall, participates in the intercellular layer degradation of the cell wall during the formation of secretory cavity in the intercellular space-forming and lumen-expanding stages. The secretory cavity is a common structure in Citrus plants and is the main site for synthesis and accumulation of medicinal ingredients. The secretory cavity is formed in lysogenesis, when epithelial cells enter a process of programmed cell death. Pectinases are known to be involved in degradation of the cell wall during the cytolysis of secretory cavity cells, but the changes in cell structure, the dynamic characteristics of cell wall polysaccharides and the related genes regulating cell wall degradation are unclear. In this study, electron microscopy and cell wall polysaccharide-labeling techniques were used to study the main characteristics of cell wall degradation of the secreting cavity of Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa' fruits. At the same time, the full CDS length of the pectinase gene CgPG21 was cloned, encoding a protein composed of 480 amino acids. CgPG21 is mainly located in the cell wall, participates in the degradation of the intercellular layer of the cell wall during the development of the secretory cavity, and plays an important role in the formation of the secretory cavity in the intercellular space-forming and lumen-expanding stages. With the development of secretory cavity, the cell wall polysaccharides of epithelial cells gradually degrade. CgPG21 is mainly involved in the intercellular layer degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Bai
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, China.
| | - Panpan Tong
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qun Luo
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Na Shang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hailan Huang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bin Huai
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, China.
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48
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Wannitikul P, Wattana-Amorn P, Sathitnaitham S, Sakulkoo J, Suttangkakul A, Wonnapinij P, Bassel GW, Simister R, Gomez LD, Vuttipongchaikij S. Disruption of a DUF247 Containing Protein Alters Cell Wall Polysaccharides and Reduces Growth in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1977. [PMID: 37653894 PMCID: PMC10221614 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell wall biosynthesis is a complex process that requires proteins and enzymes from glycan synthesis to wall assembly. We show that disruption of At3g50120 (DUF247-1), a member of the DUF247 multigene family containing 28 genes in Arabidopsis, results in alterations to the structure and composition of cell wall polysaccharides and reduced growth and plant size. An ELISA using cell wall antibodies shows that the mutants also exhibit ~50% reductions in xyloglucan (XyG), glucuronoxylan (GX) and heteromannan (HM) epitopes in the NaOH fraction and ~50% increases in homogalacturonan (HG) epitopes in the CDTA fraction. Furthermore, the polymer sizes of XyGs and GXs are reduced with concomitant increases in short-chain polymers, while those of HGs and mHGs are slightly increased. Complementation using 35S:DUF247-1 partially recovers the XyG and HG content, but not those of GX and HM, suggesting that DUF247-1 is more closely associated with XyGs and HGs. DUF247-1 is expressed throughout Arabidopsis, particularly in vascular and developing tissues, and its disruption affects the expression of other gene members, indicating a regulatory control role within the gene family. Our results demonstrate that DUF247-1 is required for normal cell wall composition and structure and Arabidopsis growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaporn Wannitikul
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.W.); (S.S.); (J.S.); (A.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Pakorn Wattana-Amorn
- Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Sukhita Sathitnaitham
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.W.); (S.S.); (J.S.); (A.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Jenjira Sakulkoo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.W.); (S.S.); (J.S.); (A.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Anongpat Suttangkakul
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.W.); (S.S.); (J.S.); (A.S.); (P.W.)
- Center of Advanced studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Passorn Wonnapinij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.W.); (S.S.); (J.S.); (A.S.); (P.W.)
- Center of Advanced studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - George W. Bassel
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Rachael Simister
- CNAP, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (R.S.); (L.D.G.)
| | - Leonardo D. Gomez
- CNAP, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; (R.S.); (L.D.G.)
| | - Supachai Vuttipongchaikij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.W.); (S.S.); (J.S.); (A.S.); (P.W.)
- Center of Advanced studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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49
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Li J, Dai X, Li Q, Jiang F, Xu X, Guo T, Zhang H. Low temperatures inhibit the pectin degradation of 'Docteur Jules Guyot' pear (Pyrus communis L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124719. [PMID: 37150373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The most remarkable characteristic of European pears is extremely perishable and difficult to store after postharvest softening. Low-temperature storage is one of the most commonly used methods to prolong the shelf life of European pears. However, the regulatory mechanism of the low-temperature delay of the softening of European pears is still unclear. In this study, the fruit firmness, pectin polysaccharide content, pectin-degrading enzyme activity, and pectin degradation gene expression of 'Docteur Jules Guyot' pears under low temperature (LT) and room temperature (RT) were analyzed. It was found that water-soluble pectin (WSP) was significantly negatively correlated with fruit flesh firmness, and the activities of several pectin-degrading enzymes were inhibited under LT storage conditions. In addition, it was also found that the gene expression patterns of PcPME2, PcPME3, PcPG1, PcPG2, PcPL, PcGAL1, PcGAL2, PcGAL4, and PcARF1 were inhibited by LT. The C-repeat binding factors PcCBF1 and PcCBF2 were also inhibited by long-term LT storage. Correlation analysis showed that the expression of PcCBFs was positively correlated with pectin-degradation enzyme genes, and we found that the promoters of many pectin-degradation enzyme genes contain the CRT/DRE motif, which CBF can directly bind. Therefore, it is speculated that long-term low-temperature conditions inhibit pectin degradation through PcCBFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Li
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in the Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Xiaonan Dai
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, China
| | - Qingyu Li
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, Shandong Province 265500, China
| | - Fudong Jiang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, Shandong Province 265500, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in the Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China; Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 21 Zhichubei Road, Yantai, Shandong Province 264001, China.
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50
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Xu Y, Jiang Y, Jiao J, Zheng H, Wu Y, Li Y, Abdursul R, Zhao Y, Ke L, Sun Y. The cotton pectin methyl esterase gene GhPME21 functions in microspore development and fertility in Gossypium hirsutum L. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 112:19-31. [PMID: 36929454 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pectin widely exists in higher plants' cell walls and intercellular space of higher plants and plays an indispensable role in plant growth and development. We identified 55 differentially expressed genes related to pectin degradation by transcriptomic analysis in the male sterile mutant, ms1. A gene encoding pectin methylesterase (GhPME21) was found to be predominantly expressed in the developing stamens of cotton but was significantly down-regulated in ms1 stamens. The tapetal layer of GhPME21 interfered lines (GhPME21i) was significantly thickened compared to that of WT at the early stage; anther compartment morphology of GhPME21i lines was abnormal, and the microspore wall was broken at the middle stage; Alexander staining showed that the pollen grains of GhPME21i lines differed greatly in volume at the late stage. The mature pollen surfaces of GhPME21i lines were deposited with discontinuous and broken sheets and prickles viewed under SEM. Fewer pollen tubes were observed to germinate in vitro in GhPME21i lines, while tiny of those in vivo were found to elongate to the ovary. The seeds harvested from GhPME21i lines as pollination donors were dry and hollow. The changes of phenotypes in GhPME21i lines at various stages illustrated that the GhPME21 gene played a vital role in the development of cotton stamens and controlled plant fertility by affecting stamen development, pollen germination, and pollen tube elongation. The findings of this study laid the groundwork for further research into the molecular mechanisms of PMEs involved in microspore formation and the creation of cotton male sterility materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Xu
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Jiang
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junye Jiao
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongli Zheng
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rayhangul Abdursul
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Ke
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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