1
|
Lindamood HL, Liu TM, Read TA, Vitriol EA. Using ALS to understand profilin 1's diverse roles in cellular physiology. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 39056295 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Profilin is an actin monomer-binding protein whose role in actin polymerization has been studied for nearly 50 years. While its principal biochemical features are now well understood, many questions remain about how profilin controls diverse processes within the cell. Dysregulation of profilin has been implicated in a broad range of human diseases, including neurodegeneration, inflammatory disorders, cardiac disease, and cancer. For example, mutations in the profilin 1 gene (PFN1) can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), although the precise mechanisms that drive neurodegeneration remain unclear. While initial work suggested proteostasis and actin cytoskeleton defects as the main pathological pathways, multiple novel functions for PFN1 have since been discovered that may also contribute to ALS, including the regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport, stress granules, mitochondria, and microtubules. Here, we will review these newly discovered roles for PFN1, speculate on their contribution to ALS, and discuss how defects in actin can contribute to these processes. By understanding profilin 1's involvement in ALS pathogenesis, we hope to gain insight into this functionally complex protein with significant influence over cellular physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halli L Lindamood
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tatiana M Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tracy-Ann Read
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric A Vitriol
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bender EC, Sircar AJ, Taubenfeld EK, Suggs LJ. Modulating Lipid-Polymer Nanoparticles' Physicochemical Properties to Alter Macrophage Uptake. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2911-2924. [PMID: 38657240 PMCID: PMC11195015 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage uptake of nanoparticles is highly dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of those nanoparticles. Here, we have created a collection of lipid-polymer nanoparticles (LPNPs) varying in size, stiffness, and lipid makeup to determine the effects of these factors on uptake in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. The LPNPs varied in diameter from 232 to 812 nm, in storage modulus from 21.2 to 287 kPa, and in phosphatidylserine content from 0 to 20%. Stiff, large nanoparticles with a coating containing phosphatidylserine were taken up by macrophages to a much higher degree than any other formulation (between 9.3× and 166× higher than other LPNPs). LPNPs with phosphatidylserine were taken up most by M2-polarized macrophages, while those without were taken up most by M1-polarized macrophages. Differences in total LPNP uptake were not dependent on endocytosis pathway(s) other than phagocytosis. This work acts as a basis for understanding how the interactions between nanoparticle physicochemical characteristics may act synergistically to facilitate particle uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Bender
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alisha J Sircar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Elle K Taubenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Laura J Suggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mahin A, Chikmagalur Ravindra S, Ramesh P, Naik P, Raju R, Keshava Prasad TS, Abhinand CS. Unveiling Actin Cytoskeleton Role in Mediating Chikungunya-Associated Arthritis: An Integrative Proteome-Metabolome Study. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 38717066 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2024.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Chikungunya is a zoonotic disease caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), primarily transmitted to humans through infected Aedes mosquitoes. The infection is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, musculoskeletal pain, polyarthritis, and a rash, which can lead to severe complications such as encephalitis, meningitis, and even fatalities. While many disease manifestations resemble those of other viral infections, chronic arthritis caused by CHIKV is unique, and its molecular mechanisms remain ill-defined. Materials and Methods: Proteomics data from both cellular and patient levels of CHIKV infection were curated from PubMed and screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient serum proteomics data obtained from P RIDE underwent reanalysis using Proteome Discoverer 2.2. Enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analysis were conducted on differentially expressed proteins from both serum and cellular datasets. Metabolite data from CHIKV-infected patients were further retrieved, and their protein binding partners were identified using BindingDB. The protein-metabolite interaction pathway was further developed using MetaboAnalyst. Results: The proteomics data analysis revealed differential expression of proteins involved in critical host mechanisms, such as cholesterol metabolism and mRNA splicing, during CHIKV infection. Consistent upregulation of two actin cytoskeleton proteins, TAGLN2 and PFN1, was noted in both serum and cellular datasets, and their upregulations are associated with arthritis. Furthermore, alterations in purine metabolism were observed in the integrative proteome-metabolome analysis, correlating with cytoskeletal remodelling. Conclusion: Collectively, this integrative view sheds light on the involvement of actin cytoskeleton remodeling proteins and purine metabolic pathways in the development of arthritis during CHIKV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Althaf Mahin
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Sourav Chikmagalur Ravindra
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, India
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalore, India
| | - Poornima Ramesh
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prashantha Naik
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalore, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, India
| | | | - Chandran S Abhinand
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi Q, Zhao R, Chen L, Liu T, Di T, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Wang F, Han Z, Sun J, Liu S. Newcastle disease virus activates diverse signaling pathways via Src to facilitate virus entry into host macrophages. J Virol 2024; 98:e0191523. [PMID: 38334327 PMCID: PMC10949470 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01915-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
As an intrinsic cellular mechanism responsible for the internalization of extracellular ligands and membrane components, caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CavME) is also exploited by certain pathogens for endocytic entry [e.g., Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of paramyxovirus]. However, the molecular mechanisms of NDV-induced CavME remain poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate that sialic acid-containing gangliosides, rather than glycoproteins, were utilized by NDV as receptors to initiate the endocytic entry of NDV into HD11 cells. The binding of NDV to gangliosides induced the activation of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Src, leading to the phosphorylation of caveolin-1 (Cav1) and dynamin-2 (Dyn2), which contributed to the endocytic entry of NDV. Moreover, an inoculation of cells with NDV-induced actin cytoskeletal rearrangement through Src to facilitate NDV entry via endocytosis and direct fusion with the plasma membrane. Subsequently, unique members of the Rho GTPases family, RhoA and Cdc42, were activated by NDV in a Src-dependent manner. Further analyses revealed that RhoA and Cdc42 regulated the activities of specific effectors, cofilin and myosin regulatory light chain 2, responsible for actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, through diverse intracellular signaling cascades. Taken together, our results suggest that an inoculation of NDV-induced Src-mediated cellular activation by binding to ganglioside receptors. This process orchestrated NDV endocytic entry by modulating the activities of caveolae-associated Cav1 and Dyn2, as well as specific Rho GTPases and downstream effectors. IMPORTANCE In general, it is known that the paramyxovirus gains access to host cells through direct penetration at the plasma membrane; however, emerging evidence suggests more complex entry mechanisms for paramyxoviruses. The endocytic entry of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a representative member of the paramyxovirus family, into multiple types of cells has been recently reported. Herein, we demonstrate the binding of NDV to induce ganglioside-activated Src signaling, which is responsible for the endocytic entry of NDV through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. This process involved Src-dependent activation of the caveolae-associated Cav1 and Dyn2, as well as specific Rho GTPase and downstream effectors, thereby orchestrating the endocytic entry process of NDV. Our findings uncover a novel molecular mechanism of endocytic entry of NDV into host cells and provide novel insight into paramyxovirus mechanisms of entry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiankai Shi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Linna Chen
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Di
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunwei Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu H, Wang D, Ye Z, Huang L, Wei W, Chan KM, Zhang R, Zhang L, Yue J. The temporal association of CapZ with early endosomes regulates endosomal trafficking and viral entry into host cells. BMC Biol 2024; 22:12. [PMID: 38273307 PMCID: PMC10809671 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many viruses enter host cells by hijacking endosomal trafficking. CapZ, a canonical actin capping protein, participates in endosomal trafficking, yet its precise role in endocytosis and virus infection remains elusive. RESULTS Here, we showed that CapZ was transiently associated with early endosomes (EEs) and was subsequently released from the matured EEs after the fusion of two EEs, which was facilitated by PI(3)P to PI(3,5)P2 conversion. Vacuolin-1 (a triazine compound) stabilized CapZ at EEs and thus blocked the transition of EEs to late endosomes (LEs). Likewise, artificially tethering CapZ to EEs via a rapamycin-induced protein-protein interaction system blocked the early-to-late endosome transition. Remarkably, CapZ knockout or artificially tethering CapZ to EEs via rapamycin significantly inhibited flaviviruses, e.g., Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV), or beta-coronavirus, e.g., murine hepatitis virus (MHV), infection by preventing the escape of RNA genome from endocytic vesicles. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the temporal association of CapZ with EEs facilitates early-to-late endosome transition (physiologically) and the release of the viral genome from endocytic vesicles (pathologically).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huazhang Zhu
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuodong Ye
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenjie Wei
- Research Core Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Kui Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
- Divison of Natural and Applied Sciences, Synear Molecular Biology Lab, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Soni SS, Kim KM, Sarkar B, Rodell CB. Uptake of Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles by Macrophages is Dependent on Particle Size and Receptor-Mediated Interactions. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024:10.1021/acsabm.3c00985. [PMID: 38231485 PMCID: PMC11252246 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Physiochemical properties of nanoparticles, such as their size and chemical composition, dictate their interaction with professional phagocytes of the innate immune system. Macrophages, in particular, are key regulators of the immune microenvironment that heavily influence particle biodistribution as a result of their uptake. This attribute enables macrophage-targeted delivery, including for phenotypic modulation. Saccharide-based materials, including polyglucose polymers and nanoparticles, are efficient vehicles for macrophage-targeted delivery. Here, we investigate the influence of particle size on cyclodextrin nanoparticle (CDNP) uptake by macrophages and further examine the receptor-mediated interactions that drive macrophage-targeted delivery. We designed and synthesized CDNPs ranging in size from 25 nm to >100 nm in diameter. Increasing particle size was correlated with greater uptake by macrophages in vitro. Both scavenger receptor A1 and mannose receptor were critical mediators of macrophage-targeted delivery, inhibition of which reduced the extent of uptake. Finally, we investigated the cellular bioavailability of drug-loaded CDNPs using a model anti-inflammatory drug, celastrol, which demonstrated that drug bioactivity is improved by CDNP loading relative to free drug alone. This study thus elucidates the interactions between the polyglucose nanoparticles and macrophages, thereby facilitating their application in macrophage-targeted drug delivery that has applications in the context of tissue injury and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya S Soni
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kenneth M Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher B Rodell
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lamb AK, Fernandez AN, Eadaim A, Johnson K, Di Pietro SM. Mechanism of actin capping protein recruitment and turnover during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202306154. [PMID: 37966720 PMCID: PMC10651396 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202306154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis depends on polymerization of a branched actin network to provide force for membrane invagination. A key regulator in branched actin network formation is actin capping protein (CP), which binds to the barbed end of actin filaments to prevent the addition or loss of actin subunits. CP was thought to stochastically bind actin filaments, but recent evidence shows CP is regulated by a group of proteins containing CP-interacting (CPI) motifs. Importantly, how CPI motif proteins function together to regulate CP is poorly understood. Here, we show Aim21 and Bsp1 work synergistically to recruit CP to the endocytic actin network in budding yeast through their CPI motifs, which also allosterically modulate capping strength. In contrast, twinfilin works downstream of CP recruitment, regulating the turnover of CP through its CPI motif and a non-allosteric mechanism. Collectively, our findings reveal how three CPI motif proteins work together to regulate CP in a stepwise fashion during endocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K. Lamb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Andres N. Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Abdunaser Eadaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Katelyn Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Santiago M. Di Pietro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cuentas-Condori A, Chen S, Krout M, Gallik KL, Tipps J, Gailey C, Flautt L, Kim H, Mulcahy B, Zhen M, Richmond JE, Miller DM. The epithelial Na + channel UNC-8 promotes an endocytic mechanism that recycles presynaptic components to new boutons in remodeling neurons. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113327. [PMID: 37906594 PMCID: PMC10921563 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Circuit refinement involves the formation of new presynaptic boutons as others are dismantled. Nascent presynaptic sites can incorporate material from recently eliminated synapses, but the recycling mechanisms remain elusive. In early-stage C. elegans larvae, the presynaptic boutons of GABAergic DD neurons are removed and new outputs established at alternative sites. Here, we show that developmentally regulated expression of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) UNC-8 in remodeling DD neurons promotes a Ca2+ and actin-dependent mechanism, involving activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE), that recycles presynaptic material for reassembly at nascent DD synapses. ADBE normally functions in highly active neurons to accelerate local recycling of synaptic vesicles. In contrast, we find that an ADBE-like mechanism results in the distal recycling of synaptic material from old to new synapses. Thus, our findings suggest that a native mechanism (ADBE) can be repurposed to dismantle presynaptic terminals for reassembly at new, distant locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cuentas-Condori
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Mia Krout
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kristin L Gallik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - John Tipps
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Casey Gailey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Leah Flautt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Hongkyun Kim
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Ben Mulcahy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Mei Zhen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Janet E Richmond
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - David M Miller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; Neurosience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vujovic F, Shepherd CE, Witting PK, Hunter N, Farahani RM. Redox-Mediated Rewiring of Signalling Pathways: The Role of a Cellular Clock in Brain Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1873. [PMID: 37891951 PMCID: PMC10604469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metazoan signalling pathways can be rewired to dampen or amplify the rate of events, such as those that occur in development and aging. Given that a linear network topology restricts the capacity to rewire signalling pathways, such scalability of the pace of biological events suggests the existence of programmable non-linear elements in the underlying signalling pathways. Here, we review the network topology of key signalling pathways with a focus on redox-sensitive proteins, including PTEN and Ras GTPase, that reshape the connectivity profile of signalling pathways in response to an altered redox state. While this network-level impact of redox is achieved by the modulation of individual redox-sensitive proteins, it is the population by these proteins of critical nodes in a network topology of signal transduction pathways that amplifies the impact of redox-mediated reprogramming. We propose that redox-mediated rewiring is essential to regulate the rate of transmission of biological signals, giving rise to a programmable cellular clock that orchestrates the pace of biological phenomena such as development and aging. We further review the evidence that an aberrant redox-mediated modulation of output of the cellular clock contributes to the emergence of pathological conditions affecting the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vujovic
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (F.V.); (N.H.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Paul K. Witting
- Redox Biology Group, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Neil Hunter
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (F.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Ramin M. Farahani
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (F.V.); (N.H.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu W, Booth JL, Liang Z, Li G, Metcalf JP. Bacillus anthracis spores are internalized in human lung epithelial cells by Rab GTPase-supported macropinocytosis. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106305. [PMID: 37586464 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation anthrax, the deadliest form of the disease, requires inhaled B. anthracis spores to escape from the alveolar space and travel to the mediastinal lymph nodes, from where the vegetative form of the pathogen disseminates, resulting in a rapidly fatal outcome. The role of epithelia in alveolar escape is unclear, but previous work suggests these epithelial cells are involved in this process. Using confocal microscopy, we found that B. anthracis spores are internalized more rapidly by A549 type II alveolar epithelial cells compared to hAELVi type I alveolar epithelial cells. Internalization of spores by alveolar epithelial cells requires cytoskeletal rearrangement evidenced by significant inhibition by cytochalasin D, an actin inhibitor. Chemical inhibitors of macropinocytosis significantly downregulated B. anthracis spore internalization in human alveolar cells, while inhibitors of other endocytosis pathways had minimal effects. Additional studies using a macropinosome marker and electron microscopy confirmed the role of macropinocytosis in spore uptake. By colocalization of B. anthracis spores with four endocytic Rab proteins, we demonstrated that Rab31 played a role in B. anthracis spore macropinocytosis. Finally, we confirmed that Rab31 is involved in B. anthracis spore internalization by enhanced spore uptake in Rab31-overexpressing A549 cells. This is the first report that shows B. anthracis spore internalization by macropinocytosis in human epithelial cells. Several Rab GTPases are involved in the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wu
- Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - J Leland Booth
- Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Zhimin Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Guangpu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Jordan P Metcalf
- Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Pulmonary Section, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang G, Li R, Wu X, Li M. Natural Product Aloesin Significantly Inhibits Spore Germination and Appressorium Formation in Magnaporthe oryzae. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2395. [PMID: 37894053 PMCID: PMC10609347 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effects of the natural product aloesin against Magnaporthe oryzae. The results exposed that aloesin had a high inhibitory effect on appressorium formation (the EC50 value was 175.26 μg/mL). Microscopic examination revealed that 92.30 ± 4.26% of M. oryzae spores could be broken down by 625.00 μg/mL of aloesin, and the formation rate of appressoria was 4.74 ± 1.00% after 12 h. M. oryzae mycelial growth was weaker than that on the control. The enzyme activity analysis results indicated that aloesin inhibited the activities of polyketolase (PKS), laccase (LAC), and chain-shortening catalytic enzyme (Aayg1), which are key enzymes in melanin synthesis. The inhibition rate by aloesin of PKS, LAC, and Aayg1 activity was 32.51%, 33.04%, and 43.38%, respectively. The proteomic analysis showed that actin expression was downregulated at 175.62 μg/mL of aloesin, which could reduce actin bundle formation and prevent the polar growth of hyphae in M. oryzae. This is the first report showing that aloesin effectively inhibits conidia morphology and appressorium formation in M. oryzae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Zhang
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.)
- College of Life and Health Science, Kaili University, Kaili 556000, China
| | - Rongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaomao Wu
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo X, Zhang M, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Guo Y. Attachment, Entry, and Intracellular Trafficking of Classical Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1870. [PMID: 37766277 PMCID: PMC10534341 DOI: 10.3390/v15091870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus with an envelope, is a member of the Pestivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family. CSFV causes a severe and highly contagious disease in pigs and is prevalent worldwide, threatening the pig farming industry. The detailed mechanisms of the CSFV life cycle have been reported, but are still limited. Some receptors and attachment factors of CSFV, including heparan sulfate (HS), laminin receptor (LamR), complement regulatory protein (CD46), MER tyrosine kinase (MERTK), disintegrin, and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 (ADAM17), were identified. After attachment, CSFV internalizes via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and/or caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis (CavME). After internalization, CSFV moves to early and late endosomes before uncoating. During this period, intracellular trafficking of CSFV relies on components of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) and Rab proteins in the endosome dynamics, with a dependence on the cytoskeleton network. This review summarizes the data on the mechanisms of CSFV attachment, internalization pathways, and intracellular trafficking, and provides a general view of the early events in the CSFV life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yidi Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Q, Liu M, Yang T, Wang X, Cheng P, Zhou H. What can we do to optimize mitochondrial transplantation therapy for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury? Mitochondrion 2023; 72:72-83. [PMID: 37549815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation is a promising solution for the heart following ischemia-reperfusion injury due to its capacity to replace damaged mitochondria and restore cardiac function. However, many barriers (such as inadequate mitochondrial internalization, poor survival of transplanted mitochondria, few mitochondria colocalized with cardiac cells) compromise the replacement of injured mitochondria with transplanted mitochondria. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize mitochondrial transplantation therapy to improve clinical effectiveness. By analogy, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is like a withered flower, it needs to absorb enough nutrients to recover and bloom. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of "nutrients" (source of exogenous mitochondria and different techniques for mitochondrial isolation), "absorption" (mitochondrial transplantation approaches, mitochondrial transplantation dose and internalization mechanism), and "flowering" (the mechanism of mitochondrial transplantation in cardioprotection) for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Comprehensive treatment area of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianshu Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinting Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fan S, Shen Y, Li S, Xiang X, Li N, Li Y, Xu J, Cui M, Han X, Xia J, Huang Y. The S2 Subunit of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Affects Abl2-Mediated Syncytium Formation. Viruses 2023; 15:1246. [PMID: 37376546 DOI: 10.3390/v15061246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The S2 subunit serves a crucial role in infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection, particularly in facilitating membrane fusion. Using reverse genetic techniques, mutant strains of the S2 locus exhibited substantially different syncytium-forming abilities in chick embryonic kidney cells. To determine the precise formation mechanism of syncytium, we demonstrated the co-ordinated role of Abl2 and its mediated cytoskeletal regulatory pathway within the S2 subunit. Using a combination of fluorescence quantification, RNA silencing, and protein profiling techniques, the functional role of S2 subunits in IBV-infected cells was exhaustively determined. Our findings imply that Abl2 is not the primary cytoskeletal regulator, the viral S2 component is involved in indirect regulation, and the three different viral strains activate various cytoskeletal regulatory pathways through Abl2. CRK, CRKL, ABI1, NCKAP1, and ENAH also play a role in cytoskeleton regulation. Our research provides a point of reference for the development of an intracellular regulatory network for the S2 subunit and a foundation for the rational design of antiviral drug targets against Abl2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuxi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuelian Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Nianling Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Spona D, Hanisch PT, Hegemann JH, Mölleken K. A single chlamydial protein reshapes the plasma membrane and serves as recruiting platform for central endocytic effector proteins. Commun Biol 2023; 6:520. [PMID: 37179401 PMCID: PMC10182996 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Uptake of obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens into mammalian epithelial cells is critically dependent on modulation of the host's endocytic machinery. It is an open question how the invading pathogens generate a membrane-bound vesicle appropriate to their size. This requires extensive deformation of the host plasma membrane itself by pathogen-derived membrane-binding proteins, accompanied by substantial F-actin-based forces to further expand and finally pinch off the vesicle. Here we show that upon adhesion to the host cell, the human pathogenic bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae secretes the scaffolding effector protein CPn0677, which binds to the inner leaflet of the invaginating host's PM, induces inwardly directed, negative membrane curvature, and forms a recruiting platform for the membrane-deforming BAR-domain containing proteins Pacsin and SNX9. In addition, while bound to the membrane, CPn0677 recruits monomeric G-actin, and its C-terminal region binds and activates N-WASP, which initiates branching actin polymerization via the Arp2/3 complex. Together, these membrane-bound processes enable the developing endocytic vesicle to engulf the infectious elementary body, while the associated actin network generates the forces required to reshape and detach the nascent vesicle from the PM. Thus, Cpn0677 (now renamed SemD) acts as recruiting platform for central components of the endocytic machinery during uptake of chlamydia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Spona
- Institute for Functional Microbial Genomics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp T Hanisch
- Institute for Functional Microbial Genomics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes H Hegemann
- Institute for Functional Microbial Genomics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katja Mölleken
- Institute for Functional Microbial Genomics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ravid Y, Penič S, Mimori-Kiyosue Y, Suetsugu S, Iglič A, Gov NS. Theoretical model of membrane protrusions driven by curved active proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1153420. [PMID: 37228585 PMCID: PMC10203436 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1153420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells intrinsically change their shape, by changing the composition of their membrane and by restructuring their underlying cytoskeleton. We present here further studies and extensions of a minimal physical model, describing a closed vesicle with mobile curved membrane protein complexes. The cytoskeletal forces describe the protrusive force due to actin polymerization which is recruited to the membrane by the curved protein complexes. We characterize the phase diagrams of this model, as function of the magnitude of the active forces, nearest-neighbor protein interactions and the proteins' spontaneous curvature. It was previously shown that this model can explain the formation of lamellipodia-like flat protrusions, and here we explore the regimes where the model can also give rise to filopodia-like tubular protrusions. We extend the simulation with curved components of both convex and concave species, where we find the formation of complex ruffled clusters, as well as internalized invaginations that resemble the process of endocytosis and macropinocytosis. We alter the force model representing the cytoskeleton to simulate the effects of bundled instead of branched structure, resulting in shapes which resemble filopodia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Ravid
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Samo Penič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yuko Mimori-Kiyosue
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Minatojima-minaminachi, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
- Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nir S. Gov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Boulton S, Crupi MJF, Singh S, Carter-Timofte ME, Azad T, Organ BC, He X, Gill R, Neault S, Jamieson T, Dave J, Kurmasheva N, Austin B, Petryk J, Singaravelu R, Huang BZ, Franco N, Babu K, Parks RJ, Ilkow CS, Olagnier D, Bell JC. Inhibition of Exchange Proteins Directly Activated by cAMP (EPAC) as a Strategy for Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Development. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104749. [PMID: 37100284 PMCID: PMC10124099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent SARS-CoV-2 and mpox outbreaks have highlighted the need to expand our arsenal of broad-spectrum antiviral agents for future pandemic preparedness. Host-directed antivirals are an important tool to accomplish this as they typically offer protection against a broader range of viruses than direct-acting antivirals and have a lower susceptibility to viral mutations that cause drug resistance. In this study, we investigate the Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP (EPAC) as a target for broad-spectrum antiviral therapy. We find that the EPAC-selective inhibitor, ESI-09 provides robust protection against a variety of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and Vaccinia (VACV) - an orthopoxvirus from the same family as mpox. We show, using a series of immunofluorescence experiments, that ESI-09 remodels the actin cytoskeleton through Rac1/Cdc42 GTPases and the Arp2/3 complex, impairing internalization of viruses that use clathrin-mediated endocytosis (e.g. VSV) or micropinocytosis (e.g. VACV). Additionally, we find that ESI-09 disrupts syncytia formation and inhibits cell-to-cell transmission of viruses such as measles and VACV. When administered to immune-deficient mice in an intranasal challenge model, ESI-09 protects mice from lethal doses of VACV and prevents formation of pox lesions. Altogether, our finding show that EPAC antagonists such as ESI-09 are promising candidates for broad-spectrum antiviral therapy that can aid in the fight against ongoing and future viral outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Boulton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Mathieu J F Crupi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | | | - Taha Azad
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of microbiology and infectious diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Bailey C Organ
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Xiaohong He
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rida Gill
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Serge Neault
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Taylor Jamieson
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jaahnavi Dave
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Naziia Kurmasheva
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Bradley Austin
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Julia Petryk
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Ragunath Singaravelu
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9
| | - Ben Zhen Huang
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Noah Franco
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kaaviya Babu
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Robin J Parks
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Carolina S Ilkow
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David Olagnier
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - John C Bell
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cheng Y, Kang XZ, Chan P, Cheung PHH, Cheng T, Ye ZW, Chan CP, Yu CH, Jin DY. FACI is a novel clathrin adaptor protein 2-binding protein that facilitates low-density lipoprotein endocytosis. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:74. [PMID: 37072871 PMCID: PMC10114425 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol plays a vital role in multiple physiological processes. Cellular uptake of cholesterol is mediated primarily through endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. New modifiers of this process remain to be characterized. Particularly, the role of fasting- and CREB-H-induced (FACI) protein in cholesterol homeostasis merits further investigation. METHODS Interactome profiling by proximity labeling and affinity purification - mass spectrometry was performed. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy were used to analyze protein co-localization and interaction. Mutational analysis was carried out to define the domain and residues required for FACI localization and function. Endocytosis was traced by fluorescent cargos. LDL uptake in cultured cells and diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in mice were assessed. RESULTS FACI interacted with proteins critically involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, vesicle trafficking, and membrane cytoskeleton. FACI localized to clathrin-coated pits (CCP) on plasma membranes. FACI contains a conserved DxxxLI motif, which mediates its binding with the adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complex. Disruption of this motif of FACI abolished its CCP localization but didn't affect its association with plasma membrane. Cholesterol was found to facilitate FACI transport from plasma membrane to endocytic recycling compartment in a clathrin- and cytoskeleton-dependent manner. LDL endocytosis was enhanced in FACI-overexpressed AML12 cells but impaired in FACI-depleted HeLa cells. In vivo study indicated that hepatic FACI overexpression alleviated diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in mice. CONCLUSIONS FACI facilitates LDL endocytosis through its interaction with the AP2 complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Xiao-Zhuo Kang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Pearl Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Pak-Hin Hinson Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Zi-Wei Ye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ping Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng-Han Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Benayas E, Espinosa A, Portolés MT, Vila-del Sol V, Morales MP, Serrano MC. Cellular and Molecular Processes Are Differently Influenced in Primary Neural Cells by Slight Changes in the Physicochemical Properties of Multicore Magnetic Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17726-17741. [PMID: 36976318 PMCID: PMC10103129 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we use two exemplary superparamagnetic iron oxide multicore nanoparticles (SPIONs) to illustrate the significant influence of slightly different physicochemical properties on the cellular and molecular processes that define SPION interplay with primary neural cells. Particularly, we have designed two different SPION structures, NFA (i.e., a denser multicore structure accompanied by a slightly less negative surface charge and a higher magnetic response) and NFD (i.e., a larger surface area and more negatively charged), and identified specific biological responses dependent on SPION type, concentration, exposure time, and magnetic actuation. Interestingly, NFA SPIONs display a higher cell uptake, likely driven by their less negative surface and smaller protein corona, more significantly impacting cell viability and complexity. The tight contact of both SPIONs with neural cell membranes results in the significant augmentation of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin and the reduction of free fatty acids and triacylglycerides for both SPIONs. Nonetheless, NFD induces greater effects on lipids, especially under magnetic actuation, likely indicating a preferential membranal location and/or a tighter interaction with membrane lipids than NFA, in agreement with their lower cell uptake. From a functional perspective, these lipid changes correlate with an increase in plasma membrane fluidity, again larger for more negatively charged nanoparticles (NFD). Finally, the mRNA expression of iron-related genes such as Ireb-2 and Fth-1 remains unaltered, while TfR-1 is only detected in SPION-treated cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate the substantial impact that minor physicochemical differences of nanomaterials may exert in the specific targeting of cellular and molecular processes. A denser multicore structure generated by autoclave-based production is accompanied by a slight difference in surface charge and magnetic properties that become decisive for the biological impact of these SPIONs. Their capacity to markedly modify the lipidic cell content makes them attractive as lipid-targetable nanomedicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Benayas
- , Instituto de
Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas, calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- , Instituto de
Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas, calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Portolés
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico
San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (IDSCIII), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Virginia Vila-del Sol
- Hospital
Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio
de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Finca de la Peraleda s/n, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - M. Puerto Morales
- , Instituto de
Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas, calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María C. Serrano
- , Instituto de
Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas, calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kulkarni R, Kasani SK, Tsai CY, Tung SY, Yeh KH, Yu CHA, Chang W. FAM21 is critical for TLR2/CLEC4E-mediated dendritic cell function against Candida albicans. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201414. [PMID: 36717248 PMCID: PMC9888482 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM21 (family with sequence similarity 21) is a component of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homologue (WASH) protein complex that mediates actin polymerization at endosomal membranes to facilitate sorting of cargo-containing vesicles out of endosomes. To study the function of FAM21 in vivo, we generated conditional knockout (cKO) mice in the C57BL/6 background in which FAM21 was specifically knocked out of CD11c-positive dendritic cells. BMDCs from those mice displayed enlarged early endosomes, and altered cell migration and morphology relative to WT cells. FAM21-cKO cells were less competent in phagocytosis and protein antigen presentation in vitro, though peptide antigen presentation was not affected. More importantly, we identified the TLR2/CLEC4E signaling pathway as being down-regulated in FAM21-cKO BMDCs when challenged with its specific ligand Candida albicans Moreover, FAM21-cKO mice were more susceptible to C. albicans infection than WT mice. Reconstitution of WT BMDCs in FAM21-cKO mice rescued them from lethal C. albicans infection. Thus, our study highlights the importance of FAM21 in a host immune response against a significant pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kulkarni
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siti Khadijah Kasani
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yun Tung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hai Yeh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Joseph BB, Naslavsky N, Binti S, Conquest S, Robison L, Bai G, Homer RO, Grant BD, Caplan S, Fay DS. Conserved NIMA kinases regulate multiple steps of endocytic trafficking. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010741. [PMID: 37099601 PMCID: PMC10166553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human NIMA-related kinases have primarily been studied for their roles in cell cycle progression (NEK1/2/6/7/9), checkpoint-DNA-damage control (NEK1/2/4/5/10/11), and ciliogenesis (NEK1/4/8). We previously showed that Caenorhabditis elegans NEKL-2 (NEK8/9 homolog) and NEKL-3 (NEK6/7 homolog) regulate apical clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in the worm epidermis and are essential for molting. Here we show that NEKL-2 and NEKL-3 also have distinct roles in controlling endosome function and morphology. Specifically, loss of NEKL-2 led to enlarged early endosomes with long tubular extensions but showed minimal effects on other compartments. In contrast, NEKL-3 depletion caused pronounced defects in early, late, and recycling endosomes. Consistently, NEKL-2 was strongly localized to early endosomes, whereas NEKL-3 was localized to multiple endosomal compartments. Loss of NEKLs also led to variable defects in the recycling of two resident cargoes of the trans-Golgi network (TGN), MIG-14/Wntless and TGN-38/TGN38, which were missorted to lysosomes after NEKL depletion. In addition, defects were observed in the uptake of clathrin-dependent (SMA-6/Type I BMP receptor) and independent cargoes (DAF-4/Type II BMP receptor) from the basolateral surface of epidermal cells after NEKL-2 or NEKL-3 depletion. Complementary studies in human cell lines further showed that siRNA knockdown of the NEKL-3 orthologs NEK6 and NEK7 led to missorting of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor from endosomes. Moreover, in multiple human cell types, depletion of NEK6 or NEK7 disrupted both early and recycling endosomal compartments, including the presence of excess tubulation within recycling endosomes, a defect also observed after NEKL-3 depletion in worms. Thus, NIMA family kinases carry out multiple functions during endocytosis in both worms and humans, consistent with our previous observation that human NEKL-3 orthologs can rescue molting and trafficking defects in C. elegans nekl-3 mutants. Our findings suggest that trafficking defects could underlie some of the proposed roles for NEK kinases in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braveen B. Joseph
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Shaonil Binti
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Conquest
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Lexi Robison
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Ge Bai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rafael O. Homer
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Barth D. Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - David S. Fay
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
del Rio Hernandez CE, Campbell LJ, Atkinson PH, Munkacsi AB. Network Analysis Reveals the Molecular Bases of Statin Pleiotropy That Vary with Genetic Background. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0414822. [PMID: 36946734 PMCID: PMC10100750 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04148-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many approved drugs are pleiotropic: for example, statins, whose main cholesterol-lowering activity is complemented by anticancer and prodiabetogenic mechanisms involving poorly characterized genetic interaction networks. We investigated these using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetic model, where most genetic interactions known are limited to the statin-sensitive S288C genetic background. We therefore broadened our approach by investigating gene interactions to include two statin-resistant genetic backgrounds: UWOPS87-2421 and Y55. Networks were functionally focused by selection of HMG1 and BTS1 mevalonate pathway genes for detection of genetic interactions. Networks, multilayered by genetic background, were analyzed for key genes using network centrality (degree, betweenness, and closeness), pathway enrichment, functional community modules, and Gene Ontology. Specifically, we found modification genes related to dysregulated endocytosis and autophagic cell death. To translate results to human cells, human orthologues were searched for other drug targets, thus identifying candidates for synergistic anticancer bioactivity. IMPORTANCE Atorvastatin is a highly successful drug prescribed to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease in millions of people. Though much of its effect comes from inhibiting a key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, genes in this pathway interact with genes in other pathways, resulting in 15% of patients suffering painful muscular side effects and 50% having inadequate responses. Such multigenic complexity may be unraveled using gene networks assembled from overlapping pairs of genes that complement each other. We used the unique power of yeast genetics to construct genome-wide networks specific to atorvastatin bioactivity in three genetic backgrounds to represent the genetic variation and varying response to atorvastatin in human individuals. We then used algorithms to identify key genes and their associated FDA-approved drugs in the networks, which resulted in the distinction of drugs that may synergistically enhance the known anticancer activity of atorvastatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cintya E. del Rio Hernandez
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lani J. Campbell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Paul H. Atkinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B. Munkacsi
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Beus M, Pongrac IM, Capjak I, Ilić K, Vrček E, Ćurlin M, Milić M, Čermak AMM, Pavičić I. Particle surface functionalization affects mechanism of endocytosis and adverse effects of silver nanoparticles in mammalian kidney cells. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:416-430. [PMID: 36065485 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show a plethora of possible applications due to their antimicrobial properties. Different coatings of AgNPs are used in order to increase stability, availability, and activity. However, the question about the toxicity after prolonged exposure still remains. Here, we show that different surface coatings affect in vitro toxicity and internalization of AgNPs in porcine kidney (PK15) cells. AgNPs coated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate (AOT), poly-L-lysine (PLL), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were toxic at the concentration of 10 mg Ag/L and higher. The toxicity increased in the following manner: PVP-AgNPs < CTAB-AgNPs < PLL-AgNPs < AOT-AgNPs < BSA-AgNPs. All types of AgNPs were internalized by the PK15 cells in a dose-dependent manner with greater internalization of AgNPs bearing positive surface charge. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments showed that AgNPs were located in the lysosomal compartments, while the co-treatment with known inhibitors of endocytosis pathways suggested macropinocytosis as the preferred internalization pathway. When inside the cell, all types of AgNPs induced the formation of reactive oxygen species while decreasing the concentration of the cell's endogenous antioxidant glutathione. The comet assay indicated possible genotoxicity of tested AgNPs starting at the concentration of 2 mg Ag/L or higher, depending on the surface functionalization. This study demonstrates the toxicity of AgNPs pointing to the importance of biosafety evaluation when developing novel AgNPs-containing materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Beus
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor M Pongrac
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivona Capjak
- Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Ilić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ena Vrček
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Ćurlin
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Apolipoprotein C3 facilitates internalization of cationic lipid nanoparticles into bone marrow-derived mouse mast cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:431. [PMID: 36624108 PMCID: PMC9828384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), are hematopoetically-derived secretory immune cells that release preformed as well as de novo synthesized inflammatory mediators in response to activation by several stimuli. Based on their role in inflammatory responses, particularly in the lung and skin, MCs provide an effective target for anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies. Drug-delivery of lipophilic payloads to MCs can be challenging due to their functionally distinct intracellular structures. In the present study, pH-sensitive cationic lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) composed of DODMA, DODAP or DOTAP lipids that encapsulated a GFP or eGFP plasmid were constructed using non-turbulent microfluidic mixing. This approach achieved up to 75-92% encapsulation efficiency. Dynamic light scattering revealed a uniformly sized and homogeneous dispersion of LNPs. To promote cellular internalization, LNPs were complexed with apolipoproteins, amphipathic proteins capable of binding lipids and facilitating their transport into cells. Cryo-TEM analysis showed that LNP structure was differentially modified when associated with different types of apolipoproteins. LNP preparations made up of DODMA or DODMA, DODAP and DOTAP lipids were coated with seven apolipoproteins (Apo A1, B, C3, D, E2, E4 and H). Differentiated bone-marrow derived mouse mast cells (BMMCs) were exposed to apolipoprotein-LNP and internalization was measured using flow cytometry. Out of all the apolipoproteins tested, ApoC3 most efficiently facilitated cellular internalization of the LNP into BMMCs as determined by GFP fluorescence using flow cytometry. These effects were confirmed in a less differentiated but also interleukin-3-dependent model of mouse mast cells, MC/9. ApoC3-LNP enhanced internalization by BMMC in a concentration-dependent manner and this was significantly increased when BMMC were pre-treated with inhibitors of actin polymerization, suggesting a dependence on intracellular shuttling. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) decreased ApoC3-LNP internalization and reduced the expression of apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2), suggesting that ApoC3-LNP binding to ApoER2 may be responsible for its enhanced internalization. Furthermore, ApoC3 fails to facilitate internalization of LNPs in Lrp8-/- KO BMMC that do not express ApoER2 on their cell surface. Altogether, our studies reveal an important role of ApoC3 in facilitating internalization of cationic LNPs into MCs.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cheng X, Zhang P, Zhao H, Zheng H, Zheng K, Zhang H, Zhang H. Proteotoxic stress disrupts epithelial integrity by inducing MTOR sequestration and autophagy overactivation. Autophagy 2023; 19:241-255. [PMID: 35521960 PMCID: PMC9809964 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2071381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved degradation system, serves to clear intracellular components through the lysosomal pathway. Mounting evidence has revealed cytoprotective roles of autophagy; however, the intracellular causes of overactivated autophagy, which has cytotoxic effects, remain elusive. Here we show that sustained proteotoxic stress induced by loss of the RING and Kelch repeat-containing protein C53A5.6/RIKE-1 induces sequestration of LET-363/MTOR complex and overactivation of autophagy, and consequently impairs epithelial integrity in C. elegans. In C53A5.6/RIKE-1-deficient animals, blocking autophagosome formation effectively prevents excessive endosomal degradation, mitigates mislocalization of intestinal membrane components and restores intestinal lumen morphology. However, autophagy inhibition does not affect LET-363/MTOR aggregation in animals with compromised C53A5.6/RIKE-1 function. Improving proteostasis capacity by reducing DAF-2 insulin/IGF1 signaling markedly relieves the aggregation of LET-363/MTOR and alleviates autophagy overactivation, which in turn reverses derailed endosomal trafficking and rescues epithelial morphogenesis defects in C53A5.6/RIKE-1-deficient animals. Hence, our studies reveal that C53A5.6/RIKE-1-mediated proteostasis is critical for maintaining the basal level of autophagy and epithelial integrity.Abbreviations: ACT-5: actin 5; ACTB: actin beta; ALs: autolysosomes; APs: autophagosomes; AJM-1: apical junction molecule; ATG: autophagy related; C. elegans: Caenorhabditis elegans; CPL-1: cathepsin L family; DAF: abnormal dauer formation; DLG-1: Drosophila discs large homolog; ERM-1: ezrin/radixin/moesin; EPG: ectopic P granule; GFP: freen fluorescent protein; HLH-30: helix loop helix; HSP: heat shock protein; LAAT-1: lysosome associated amino acid transporter; LET: lethal; LGG-1: LC3, GABARAP and GATE-16 family; LMP-1: LAMP (lysosome-associated membrane protein) homolog; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NUC-1: abnormal nuclease; PEPT-1/OPT-2: Peptide transporter family; PGP-1: P-glycoprotein related; RAB: RAB family; RIKE-1: RING and Kelch repeat-containing protein; SLCF-1: solute carrier family; SQST-1: sequestosome related; SPTL-1: serine palmitoyl transferase family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Cheng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China,CONTACT Hongjie Zhang Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau999078, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hashemi M, Ghadyani F, Hasani S, Olyaee Y, Raei B, Khodadadi M, Ziyarani MF, Basti FA, Tavakolpournegari A, Matinahmadi A, Salimimoghadam S, Aref AR, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Ertas YN. Nanoliposomes for doxorubicin delivery: Reversing drug resistance, stimuli-responsive carriers and clinical translation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
27
|
Watterson A, Arneaud SLB, Wajahat N, Wall JM, Tatge L, Beheshti ST, Mihelakis M, Cheatwood NY, McClendon J, Ghorashi A, Dehghan I, Corley CD, McDonald JG, Douglas PM. Loss of heat shock factor initiates intracellular lipid surveillance by actin destabilization. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111493. [PMID: 36261024 PMCID: PMC9642076 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells sense stress and initiate response pathways to maintain lipid and protein homeostasis. However, the interplay between these adaptive mechanisms is unclear. Herein, we demonstrate how imbalances in cytosolic protein homeostasis affect intracellular lipid surveillance. Independent of its ancient thermo-protective properties, the heat shock factor, HSF-1, modulates lipid metabolism and age regulation through the metazoan-specific nuclear hormone receptor, NHR-49. Reduced hsf-1 expression destabilizes the Caenorhabditis elegans enteric actin network, subsequently disrupting Rab GTPase-mediated trafficking and cell-surface residency of nutrient transporters. The ensuing malabsorption limits lipid availability, thereby activating the intracellular lipid surveillance response through vesicular release and nuclear translocation of NHR-49 to both increase nutrient absorption and restore lipid homeostasis. Overall, cooperation between these regulators of cytosolic protein homeostasis and lipid surveillance ensures metabolic health and age progression through actin integrity, endocytic recycling, and lipid sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Watterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sonja L B Arneaud
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Naureen Wajahat
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jordan M Wall
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lexus Tatge
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shaghayegh T Beheshti
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Melina Mihelakis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nicholas Y Cheatwood
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jacob McClendon
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Atossa Ghorashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ishmael Dehghan
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chase D Corley
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Peter M Douglas
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tarrago L, Kaya A, Kim HY, Manta B, Lee BC, Gladyshev VN. The selenoprotein methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MSRB1). Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:228-240. [PMID: 36084791 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) can be oxidized to methionine sulfoxide (MetO), which exist as R- and S-diastereomers. Present in all three domains of life, methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSR) are the enzymes that reduce MetO back to Met. Most characterized among them are MSRA and MSRB, which are strictly stereospecific for the S- and R-diastereomers of MetO, respectively. While the majority of MSRs use a catalytic Cys to reduce their substrates, some employ selenocysteine. This is the case of mammalian MSRB1, which was initially discovered as selenoprotein SELR or SELX and later was found to exhibit an MSRB activity. Genomic analyses demonstrated its occurrence in most animal lineages, and biochemical and structural analyses uncovered its catalytic mechanism. The use of transgenic mice and mammalian cell culture revealed its physiological importance in the protection against oxidative stress, maintenance of neuronal cells, cognition, cancer cell proliferation, and the immune response. Coincident with the discovery of Met oxidizing MICAL enzymes, recent findings of MSRB1 regulating the innate immunity response through reversible stereospecific Met-R-oxidation of cytoskeletal actin opened up new avenues for biological importance of MSRB1 and its role in disease. In this review, we discuss the current state of research on MSRB1, compare it with other animal Msrs, and offer a perspective on further understanding of biological functions of this selenoprotein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Tarrago
- UMR 1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - Alaattin Kaya
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Hwa-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruno Manta
- Laboratorio de Genomica Microbiana, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11440, Montevideo, Uruguay; Catedra de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República, Las Heras 1925, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Byung-Cheon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Arai T, Sato T, Matsubara T. Effective Cell Transfection in An Ultrasonically Levitated Droplet for Sustainable Technology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203576. [PMID: 36026571 PMCID: PMC9596829 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The levitation methodology, which enables us to operate a contactless reaction without a container, is likely to be a revolutionary technology in the fields of chemistry and biology to reduce the plastic waste in life science laboratories. Here, the authors show that plasmid DNA can be effectively transfected into animal cells in a floating droplet of culture medium levitated using ultrasonic standing waves. The data indicate that there is no significant damage to the plasmid and cells during the levitating transfection time, and the transgene expression efficiency and cellular uptake in the droplet are significantly higher than those in the conventional tube, with and without shaking. These results suggest the consolidation of the endocytic uptake pathway into macropinocytosis, indicating that ultrasonic levitation induced a change in cell characteristics. This study suggests that transfection methodology using ultrasonic levitation has the potential to advance the current experimental procedures in the field of cell engineering, in addition to presenting a revolutionary containerless reactor for sustainable technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Arai
- Department of Biosciences and InformaticsFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohamaKanagawa223–8522Japan
| | - Toshinori Sato
- Department of Biosciences and InformaticsFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohamaKanagawa223–8522Japan
| | - Teruhiko Matsubara
- Department of Biosciences and InformaticsFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohamaKanagawa223–8522Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ultrastructural analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction of cellular structures involved in SARS-CoV-2 spread. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 159:47-60. [PMID: 36175690 PMCID: PMC9521873 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton not only deals with numerous interaction and communication mechanisms at the cellular level but also has a crucial role in the viral infection cycle. Although numerous aspects of SARS-CoV-2 virus interaction at the cellular level have been widely studied, little has been reported about the structural and functional response of the cytoskeleton. This work aims to characterize, at the ultrastructural level, the modifications in the cytoskeleton of infected cells, namely, its participation in filopodia formation, the junction of these nanostructures forming bridges, the viral surfing, and the generation of tunnel effect nanotubes (TNT) as probable structures of intracellular viral dissemination. The three-dimensional reconstruction from the obtained micrographs allowed observing viral propagation events between cells in detail for the first time. More profound knowledge about these cell-cell interaction models in the viral spread mechanisms could lead to a better understanding of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 disease and to find new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Members of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis complex entry into host cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis in a pH-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14556. [PMID: 36008558 PMCID: PMC9411563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18846-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pixuna virus (PIXV) and Río Negro virus (RNV) are mosquito-borne alphaviruses belonging to the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) complex, which includes pathogenic epizootic and enzootic subtypes responsible for life-threatening diseases in equines. Considering that the first steps in viral infection are crucial for the efficient production of new progeny, the aim of this study was to elucidate the early events of the replication cycle of these two viruses. To this end, we used chemical inhibitors and the expression of dominant-negative constructs to study the dependence of clathrin and endosomal pH on PIXV and RNV internalization mechanisms. We demonstrated that both viruses are internalized primarily via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, where the low pH in endosomes is crucial for viral replication. Contributing knowledge regarding the entry route of VEE complex members is important to understand the pathogenesis of these viruses and also to develop new antiviral strategies.
Collapse
|
32
|
Pain C, Tolmie F, Wojcik S, Wang P, Kriechbaumer V. intER-ACTINg: the structure and dynamics of ER and actin are interlinked. J Microsc 2022. [PMID: 35985796 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is the driver of gross ER remodelling and the movement and positioning of other membrane-bound organelles such as Golgi bodies. Rapid ER membrane remodelling is a feature of most plant cells and is important for normal cellular processes, including targeted secretion, immunity and signalling. Modifications to the actin cytoskeleton, through pharmacological agents such as Latrunculin B and phalloidin, or disruption of normal myosin function also affect ER structure and/or dynamics. Here, we investigate the impact of changes in the actin cytoskeleton on structure and dynamics on the ER as well as in return the impact of modified ER structure on the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton. By expressing actin markers that affect actin dynamics, or expressing of ER-shaping proteins that influence ER architecture, we found that the structure of ER-actin networks is closely inter-related; affecting one component is likely to have a direct effect on the other. Therefore, our results indicate that a complicated regulatory machinery and cross-talk between these two structures must exist in plants to co-ordinate the function of ER-actin network during multiple subcellular processes. In addition, when considering organelle structure and dynamics, the choice of actin marker is essential in preventing off-target organelle structure and dynamics modifications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Pain
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Frances Tolmie
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Stefan Wojcik
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sun X, Alushin GM. Cellular force-sensing through actin filaments. FEBS J 2022; 290:2576-2589. [PMID: 35778931 PMCID: PMC9945651 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton orchestrates cell mechanics and facilitates the physical integration of cells into tissues, while tissue-scale forces and extracellular rigidity in turn govern cell behaviour. Here, we discuss recent evidence that actin filaments (F-actin), the core building blocks of the actin cytoskeleton, also serve as molecular force sensors. We delineate two classes of proteins, which interpret forces applied to F-actin through enhanced binding interactions: 'mechanically tuned' canonical actin-binding proteins, whose constitutive F-actin affinity is increased by force, and 'mechanically switched' proteins, which bind F-actin only in the presence of force. We speculate mechanically tuned and mechanically switched actin-binding proteins are biophysically suitable for coordinating cytoskeletal force-feedback and mechanical signalling processes, respectively. Finally, we discuss potential mechanisms mediating force-activated actin binding, which likely occurs both through the structural remodelling of F-actin itself and geometric rearrangements of higher-order actin networks. Understanding the interplay of these mechanisms will enable the dissection of force-activated actin binding's specific biological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University. New York, NY, USA.,Correspondence: ;
| | - Gregory M. Alushin
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University. New York, NY, USA.,Correspondence: ;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Heat Shock Alters the Proteomic Profile of Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137233. [PMID: 35806237 PMCID: PMC9267023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the impact of heat stress on cell differentiation in an equine mesenchymal stem cell model (EMSC) through the application of heat stress to primary EMSCs as they progressed through the cell specialization process. A proteomic analysis was performed using mass spectrometry to compare relative protein abundances among the proteomes of three cell types: progenitor EMSCs and differentiated osteoblasts and adipocytes, maintained at 37 °C and 42 °C during the process of cell differentiation. A cell-type and temperature-specific response to heat stress was observed, and many of the specific differentially expressed proteins were involved in cell-signaling pathways such as Notch and Wnt signaling, which are known to regulate cellular development. Furthermore, cytoskeletal proteins profilin, DSTN, SPECC1, and DAAM2 showed increased protein levels in osteoblasts differentiated at 42 °C as compared with 37 °C, and these cells, while they appeared to accumulate calcium, did not organize into a whorl agglomerate as is typically seen at physiological temperatures. This altered proteome composition observed suggests that heat stress could have long-term impacts on cellular development. We propose that this in vitro stem cell culture model of cell differentiation is useful for investigating molecular mechanisms that impact cell development in response to stressors.
Collapse
|
35
|
Yap SQ, Kim WD, Huber RJ. Mfsd8 Modulates Growth and the Early Stages of Multicellular Development in Dictyostelium discoideum. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:930235. [PMID: 35756993 PMCID: PMC9218796 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.930235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MFSD8 is a transmembrane protein that has been reported to transport chloride ions across the lysosomal membrane. Mutations in MFSD8 are associated with a subtype of Batten disease called CLN7 disease. Batten disease encompasses a family of 13 inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases collectively referred to as the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs). Previous work identified an ortholog of human MFSD8 in the social amoeba D. discoideum (gene: mfsd8, protein: Mfsd8), reported its localization to endocytic compartments, and demonstrated its involvement in protein secretion. In this study, we further characterized the effects of mfsd8 loss during D. discoideum growth and early stages of multicellular development. During growth, mfsd8− cells displayed increased rates of proliferation, pinocytosis, and expansion on bacterial lawns. Loss of mfsd8 also increased cell size, inhibited cytokinesis, affected the intracellular and extracellular levels of the quorum-sensing protein autocrine proliferation repressor A, and altered lysosomal enzyme activity. During the early stages of development, loss of mfsd8 delayed aggregation, which we determined was at least partly due to impaired cell-substrate adhesion, defects in protein secretion, and alterations in lysosomal enzyme activity. Overall, these results show that Mfsd8 plays an important role in modulating a variety of processes during the growth and early development of D. discoideum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyong Quan Yap
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - William D Kim
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Robert J Huber
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li TD, Bieling P, Weichsel J, Mullins RD, Fletcher DA. The molecular mechanism of load adaptation by branched actin networks. eLife 2022; 11:e73145. [PMID: 35748355 PMCID: PMC9328761 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched actin networks are self-assembling molecular motors that move biological membranes and drive many important cellular processes, including phagocytosis, endocytosis, and pseudopod protrusion. When confronted with opposing forces, the growth rate of these networks slows and their density increases, but the stoichiometry of key components does not change. The molecular mechanisms governing this force response are not well understood, so we used single-molecule imaging and AFM cantilever deflection to measure how applied forces affect each step in branched actin network assembly. Although load forces are observed to increase the density of growing filaments, we find that they actually decrease the rate of filament nucleation due to inhibitory interactions between actin filament ends and nucleation promoting factors. The force-induced increase in network density turns out to result from an exponential drop in the rate constant that governs filament capping. The force dependence of filament capping matches that of filament elongation and can be explained by expanding Brownian Ratchet theory to cover both processes. We tested a key prediction of this expanded theory by measuring the force-dependent activity of engineered capping protein variants and found that increasing the size of the capping protein increases its sensitivity to applied forces. In summary, we find that Brownian Ratchets underlie not only the ability of growing actin filaments to generate force but also the ability of branched actin networks to adapt their architecture to changing loads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tai-De Li
- Department of Bioengineering & Biophysics Program, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Division of Biological Systems & Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
- Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New YorkNew YorkUnited States
| | - Peter Bieling
- Division of Biological Systems & Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Julian Weichsel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - R Dyche Mullins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Daniel A Fletcher
- Department of Bioengineering & Biophysics Program, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Division of Biological Systems & Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cholesterol and matrisome pathways dysregulated in astrocytes and microglia. Cell 2022; 185:2213-2233.e25. [PMID: 35750033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The impact of apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4), the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), on human brain cellular function remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of APOE4 on brain cell types derived from population and isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells, post-mortem brain, and APOE targeted replacement mice. Population and isogenic models demonstrate that APOE4 local haplotype, rather than a single risk allele, contributes to risk. Global transcriptomic analyses reveal human-specific, APOE4-driven lipid metabolic dysregulation in astrocytes and microglia. APOE4 enhances de novo cholesterol synthesis despite elevated intracellular cholesterol due to lysosomal cholesterol sequestration in astrocytes. Further, matrisome dysregulation is associated with upregulated chemotaxis, glial activation, and lipid biosynthesis in astrocytes co-cultured with neurons, which recapitulates altered astrocyte matrisome signaling in human brain. Thus, APOE4 initiates glia-specific cell and non-cell autonomous dysregulation that may contribute to increased AD risk.
Collapse
|
38
|
Tyckaert F, Zanin N, Morsomme P, Renard HF. Rac1, actin cytoskeleton and microtubules are key players in clathrin-independent endophilin-A3-mediated endocytosis. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276016. [PMID: 35703091 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic mechanisms actively regulate plasma membrane composition and sustain fundamental cellular functions. Recently, we identified a clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) modality mediated by the BAR domain protein endophilin-A3 (endoA3), which controls the cell surface homeostasis of the tumor marker CD166/ALCAM. Deciphering the molecular machinery of endoA3-dependent CIE should therefore contribute to a better understanding of its pathophysiological role, which remains so far unknown. Here, we investigate the role in this mechanism of actin, Rho GTPases and microtubules, which are major actors of CIE processes. We show that the actin cytoskeleton is dynamically associated with endoA3- and CD166-positive endocytic carriers and that its perturbation strongly inhibits the uptake process of CD166. We also reveal that the Rho GTPase Rac1, but not Cdc42, is a master regulator of this endocytic route. Finally, we provide evidence that microtubules and kinesin molecular motors are required to potentiate endoA3-dependent endocytosis. Of note, our study also highlights potential compensation phenomena between endoA3-dependent CIE and macropinocytosis. Altogether, our data deepen our understanding of this CIE modality and further differentiate it from other unconventional endocytic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Tyckaert
- UCLouvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Group of Molecular Physiology, Croix du Sud 4-5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,UNamur, NARILIS, Unité de recherche en biologie cellulaire animale (URBC), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Natacha Zanin
- UNamur, NARILIS, Unité de recherche en biologie cellulaire animale (URBC), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Pierre Morsomme
- UCLouvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Group of Molecular Physiology, Croix du Sud 4-5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Henri-François Renard
- UNamur, NARILIS, Unité de recherche en biologie cellulaire animale (URBC), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Invasion and Propagation of White Spot Syndrome Virus: Hijacking of the Cytoskeleton, Intracellular Transport Machinery, and Nuclear Import Transporters. J Virol 2022; 96:e0220521. [PMID: 35638850 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02205-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is largely unclear. In this study, we found that actin nucleation and clathrin-mediated endocytosis were recruited for internalization of WSSV into crayfish hematopoietic tissue (Hpt) cells. This internalization was followed by intracellular transport of the invading virions via endocytic vesicles and endosomes. After envelope fusion within endosomes, the penetrated nucleocapsids were transported along microtubules toward the periphery of the nuclear pores. Furthermore, the nuclear transporter CqImportin α1/β1, via binding of ARM repeat domain within CqImportin α1 to the nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) of viral cargoes and binding of CqImportin β1 to the nucleoporins CqNup35/62 with the action of CqRan for docking to nuclear pores, was hijacked for both targeting of the incoming nucleocapsids toward the nuclear pores and import of the expressed viral structural proteins containing NLS into the cell nucleus. Intriguingly, dysfunction of CqImportin α1/β1 resulted in significant accumulation of incoming nucleocapsids on the periphery of the Hpt cell nucleus, leading to substantially decreased introduction of the viral genome into the nucleus and remarkably reduced nuclear import of expressed viral structural proteins with NLS; both of these effects were accompanied by significantly inhibited viral propagation. Accordingly, the survival rate of crayfish post-WSSV challenge was significantly increased after dysfunction of CqImportin α1/β1, also showing significantly reduced viral propagation, and was induced either by gene silencing or by pharmacological blockade via dietary administration of ivermectin per os. Collectively, our findings improve our understanding of WSSV pathogenesis and support future antiviral designing against WSSV. IMPORTANCE As one of the largest animal DNA viruses, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has been causing severe economical loss in aquaculture due to the limited knowledge on WSSV pathogenesis for an antiviral strategy. We demonstrate that the actin cytoskeleton, endocytic vesicles, endosomes, and microtubules are hijacked for WSSV invasion; importantly, the nuclear transporter CqImportin α1/β1 together with CqRan were recruited, via binding of CqImportin β1 to the nucleoporins CqNup35/62, for both the nuclear pore targeting of the incoming nucleocapsids and the nuclear import of expressed viral structural proteins containing the nuclear localization sequences (NLSs). This is the first report that NLSs from both viral structure proteins and host factor are elaborately recruited together to facilitate WSSV infection. Our findings provide a novel explanation for WSSV pathogenesis involving systemic hijacking of host factors, which can be used for antiviral targeting against WSSV disease, such as the blockade of CqImportin α1/β1 with ivermectin.
Collapse
|
40
|
Jiang N, Gao Y, Xu J, Luo F, Zhang X, Chen R. A data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based quantification workflow for proteome analysis of 5000 cells. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 216:114795. [PMID: 35489320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Data independent acquisition (DIA) has emerged as a powerful proteomic technique with exceptional reproducibility and throughput, and has been widely applied to clinical sample analysis. DIA approaches normally rely on project-specific spectral libraries generated by data dependent acquisition (DDA), requiring extensive off-line fractionation and large amounts of input material. In this study, we aimed to explore the utility of DIA for the analysis of samples with limited quantities. We employed three software tools (DIA-NN, Spectronaut, and EncyclopeDIA) for data analysis and generated three types of libraries, including an experiment-specific library built by DDA analysis of off-line fractions, a FASTA sequence database, and a library generated by gas-phase fractionation (GPF), resulting in eight analysis pipelines. Then we systematically compared the performance of the eight strategies by analyzing the DIA data from HEK293T cell tryptic peptides with sample loads of 500 ng, 100 ng, 20 ng, and 4 ng. The results showed that DIA-NN with GPF-based libraries outperformed the others in protein identification and retention time calibration. Next, we further evaluated the optimized workflow by analyzing the proteome alteration in 5000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. As a result, 3179 protein groups were quantified, and functional analysis revealed activation of multiple signaling pathways, e. g., endocytosis, NF-kappa B signaling, and T cell receptor signaling. The results showed the practicability of using DIA for scarce samples, and the established workflow of PBMC analysis could be easily adapted for biomarker discovery, immune status evaluation, and drug response monitoring, especially for diseases involved with dysfunction of the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fengting Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300142, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Candida albicans END3 Mediates Endocytosis and Has Subsequent Roles in Cell Wall Integrity, Morphological Switching, and Tissue Invasion. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0188021. [PMID: 35234488 PMCID: PMC8941917 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01880-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of endocytosis in Candida albicans secretion, filamentation, and virulence remains poorly understood, despite its importance as a fundamental component of intracellular trafficking. Given that secretory mutants display defects in endocytosis, we have focused our attention on endocytic mutants to understand the interconnection between endocytosis and other secretory pathways. Using a reverse-genetic approach based upon CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene deletion, we studied the functions of the gene END3, which plays a key role in clathrin-based endocytosis. In the end3Δ/Δ null mutant, clathrin-mediated endocytosis was substantially reduced. While in vitro growth, cell morphology, and vacuoles appeared normal, the mutant was impaired in actin patch formation, filamentous growth, biofilm formation, cell wall integrity, and extracellular protease secretion. In addition, susceptibility to various antifungal agents was altered. Consistent with the inability to form hyphae, in an in vitro keratinocyte infection model, the null mutant displayed reduced damage of mammalian adhesion zippers and host cell death. Thus, C. albicans END3 has a role in efficient endocytosis that is required for cell wall integrity, protein secretion, hyphal formation, and virulence-related processes. These findings suggest that impaired endocytosis subsequently affects other secretory pathways, providing evidence of the interconnection between these processes. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans is a fungal commensal organism that can cause serious opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients leading to substantial complications and mortality. A better understanding of the microbe's biology to develop more effective therapeutic and diagnostic tools is required as invasive candidiasis is a problem of continued clinical importance. This study focuses on endocytosis, an important but incompletely understood cellular mechanism needed to uptake nutrients and communicate with a cell's environment. In this study, we have assessed the role of endocytosis in cell wall integrity, biofilm formation, and tissue invasion in C. albicans. These findings will improve our understanding of cellular mechanisms underlying endocytosis and will inform us of the interconnection with other intracellular transport processes.
Collapse
|
42
|
Tsai CL, Huang CY, Lu YC, Pai LM, Horák D, Ma YH. Cyclic Strain Mitigates Nanoparticle Internalization by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:969-981. [PMID: 35280334 PMCID: PMC8909538 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s337942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Liang Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Yun Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ching Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Mei Pai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Yunn-Hwa Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yunn-Hwa Ma, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China, Email
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Van de Vyver T, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Modulating intracellular pathways to improve non-viral delivery of RNA therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114041. [PMID: 34763002 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics (e.g. siRNA, oligonucleotides, mRNA, etc.) show great potential for the treatment of a myriad of diseases. However, to reach their site of action in the cytosol or nucleus of target cells, multiple intra- and extracellular barriers have to be surmounted. Several non-viral delivery systems, such as nanoparticles and conjugates, have been successfully developed to meet this requirement. Unfortunately, despite these clear advances, state-of-the-art delivery agents still suffer from relatively low intracellular delivery efficiencies. Notably, our current understanding of the intracellular delivery process is largely oversimplified. Gaining mechanistic insight into how RNA formulations are processed by cells will fuel rational design of the next generation of delivery carriers. In addition, identifying which intracellular pathways contribute to productive RNA delivery could provide opportunities to boost the delivery performance of existing nanoformulations. In this review, we discuss both established as well as emerging techniques that can be used to assess the impact of different intracellular barriers on RNA transfection performance. Next, we highlight how several modulators, including small molecules but also genetic perturbation technologies, can boost RNA delivery by intervening at differing stages of the intracellular delivery process, such as cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, endosomal escape, autophagy and exocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Van de Vyver
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Alam SB, Kulka M. Internalization of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids by resting and activated bone marrow-derived mast cells utilizes energy-dependent mechanisms. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:343-356. [PMID: 35076750 PMCID: PMC8897387 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective and design Drug delivery to inflammatory cells is dependent upon poorly understood, complex endocytic processes. Berberine (BBR), a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, binds to heparin and targets glycosaminoglycan-rich granules in mast cells (MC), but the mechanism of BBR internalization is unknown. Methods BMMC were treated with various concentrations of BBR for different amounts of time and BBR internalization was assessed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. BMMC were pretreated with endocytic inhibitors or a growth factor (IL-3) prior to BBR exposure to access mechanisms of its internalization. Results After 24 h, 48 ± 0.8% of BMMC internalized BBR and this process was dependent upon temperature and the presence of glucose in the medium. Methanol fixation reduced BBR internalization, suggesting the involvement of an energy-dependent active transport mechanism. To determine mode of internalization, BBR was encapsulated into Lipofectamine TM lipoplexes since these are known to circumvent classical endocytic pathways. Incorporating BBR into lipoplexes decreased BBR internalization by 26% and 10% (10 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml Lipo-BBR respectively) by BMMC. BBR endocytosis was significantly reduced by Latrunculin B (88%), Cytochalasin B (87%), Chloroquine (86.5%) and 3-methyladenine (91%), indicating that actin polymerization, lysosomal pH and lysosomal self-degradation via the autophagy pathway was involved. In contrast, IL-3 treatment significantly enhanced BBR endocytosis (54% by 40 ng/ml IL-3) suggesting that IL-3 signaling pathways play a role in internalization. Conclusions Our data suggests that internalization of BBR by resting and IL-3-activated BMMC utilizes an energy-dependent pathway that is dependent upon glucose metabolism and temperature. Furthermore, this process requires actin polymerization and lysosomal trafficking. These data suggest internalization of benzylisoquinoline compounds is an active and complex process. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00011-021-01526-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Benazir Alam
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Marianna Kulka
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9, Canada.
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Okuda A, Futaki S. Protein Delivery to Cytosol by Cell-Penetrating Peptide Bearing Tandem Repeat Penetration-Accelerating Sequence. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2383:265-273. [PMID: 34766296 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1752-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pas2r12 is comprised of a repeat of the penetration-accelerating sequence (Pas) (Pas2: FFLIG-FFLIG) and D-form dodeca-arginine (r12), a cell-penetrating peptide. Pas2r12 significantly enhances cytosolic delivery of cargo proteins, including enhanced green fluorescent protein and immunoglobulin G. Simply incubating Pas2r12 with cargo leads to their cytosolic tranlsocation. Cytosolic delivery of cargo by Pas2r12 involves caveolae-mediated endocytosis. In this chapter, we describe methods of cytosolic delivery of cargo using Pas2r12 and provide methods for investigating the cellular uptake pathway of cargo by Pas2r12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Okuda
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Garcia G, Homentcovschi S, Kelet N, Higuchi-Sanabria R. Imaging of Actin Cytoskeletal Integrity During Aging in C. elegans. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2364:101-137. [PMID: 34542850 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1661-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a fundamental role in the regulation of multiple cellular pathways, including trafficking and locomotion. The functional integrity of the cytoskeleton is important during aging, as the decline of cytoskeletal integrity contributes to the physiological consequence of aging. Moreover, improving cytoskeletal form and function throughout aging is sufficient to drive life span extension and promote organismal health in multiple model systems. For these reasons, optimized protocols for visualization of the actin cytoskeleton and its downstream consequences on health span and life span are critical for understanding the aging process. In C. elegans, the actin cytoskeleton shows diverse morphologies across tissues, potentially due to the significantly different functions of each cell type. This chapter describes an imaging platform utilizing LifeAct to visualize the actin cytoskeleton in live, whole nematodes throughout the aging process and methods to perform follow-up studies on the life span and health span of these organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Garcia
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Homentcovschi
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Naame Kelet
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Das J, Tiwari M, Subramanyam D. Clathrin Light Chains: Not to Be Taken so Lightly. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:774587. [PMID: 34970544 PMCID: PMC8712872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin is a cytosolic protein involved in the intracellular trafficking of a wide range of cargo. It is composed of three heavy chains and three light chains that together form a triskelion, the subunit that polymerizes to form a clathrin coated vesicle. In addition to its role in membrane trafficking, clathrin is also involved in various cellular and biological processes such as chromosomal segregation during mitosis and organelle biogenesis. Although the role of the heavy chains in regulating important physiological processes has been well documented, we still lack a complete understanding of how clathrin light chains regulate membrane traffic and cell signaling. This review highlights the importance and contributions of clathrin light chains in regulating clathrin assembly, vesicle formation, endocytosis of selective receptors and physiological and developmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Das
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.,Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Mahak Tiwari
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.,Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Leung G, Zhou Y, Ostrowski P, Mylvaganam S, Boroumand P, Mulder DJ, Guo C, Muise AM, Freeman SA. ARPC1B binds WASP to control actin polymerization and curtail tonic signaling in B cells. JCI Insight 2021; 6:149376. [PMID: 34673575 PMCID: PMC8675194 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells exhibit low-level, constitutive signaling at rest (tonic signaling). Such tonic signals are required for fundamental processes, including the survival of B lymphocytes, but when they are elevated by genetic or environmental causes, they can lead to autoimmunity. Events that control ongoing signal transduction are, therefore, tightly regulated by submembrane cytoskeletal polymers like F-actin. The actin-binding proteins that underpin the process, however, are poorly described. By investigating patients with ARPC1B deficiency, we report that ARPC1B-containing ARP2/3 complexes are stimulated by Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP) to nucleate the branched actin networks that control tonic signaling from the B cell receptor (BCR). Despite an upregulation of ARPC1A, ARPC1B-deficient cells were not capable of WASP-mediated nucleation by ARP2/3, and this caused the loss of WASP-dependent structures, including podosomes in macrophages and lamellipodia in B cells. In the B cell compartment, ARPC1B deficiency also led to weakening of the cortical F-actin cytoskeleton that normally curtails the diffusion of BCRs and ultimately resulted in increased tonic lipid signaling, oscillatory calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and phosphorylated Akt. These events contributed to skewing the threshold for B cell activation in response to microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Thus, ARPC1B is critical for ARP2/3 complexes to control steady-state signaling of immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Leung
- Program in Cell Biology and.,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel J Mulder
- Program in Cell Biology and.,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conghui Guo
- Program in Cell Biology and.,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- Program in Cell Biology and.,SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mazheika IS, Kamzolkina OV. Does macrovesicular endocytosis occur in fungal hyphae? FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
50
|
Wang D, Ye Z, Wei W, Yu J, Huang L, Zhang H, Yue J. Capping protein regulates endosomal trafficking by controlling F-actin density around endocytic vesicles and recruiting RAB5 effectors. eLife 2021; 10:65910. [PMID: 34796874 PMCID: PMC8654373 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filaments (F-actin) have been implicated in various steps of endosomal trafficking, and the length of F-actin is controlled by actin capping proteins, such as CapZ, which is a stable heterodimeric protein complex consisting of α and β subunits. However, the role of these capping proteins in endosomal trafficking remains elusive. Here, we found that CapZ docks to endocytic vesicles via its C-terminal actin-binding motif. CapZ knockout significantly increases the F-actin density around immature early endosomes, and this impedes fusion between these vesicles, manifested by the accumulation of small endocytic vesicles in CapZ-knockout cells. CapZ also recruits several RAB5 effectors, such as Rabaptin-5 and Rabex-5, to RAB5-positive early endosomes via its N-terminal domain, and this further activates RAB5. Collectively, our results indicate that CapZ regulates endosomal trafficking by controlling actin density around early endosomes and recruiting RAB5 effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuodong Ye
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenjie Wei
- Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingting Yu
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,City University of Hong Kong Chengdu Research Institute, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|