1
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Vázquez-Domínguez I, Anido AA, Duijkers L, Hoppenbrouwers T, Hoogendoorn AM, Koster C, Collin RJ, Garanto A. Efficacy, biodistribution and safety comparison of chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides in the retina. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:10447-10463. [PMID: 39119918 PMCID: PMC11417397 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) are a versatile tool for treating inherited retinal diseases. However, little is known about how different chemical modifications of AONs can affect their biodistribution, toxicity, and uptake in the retina. Here, we addressed this question by comparing splice-switching AONs with three different chemical modifications commonly used in a clinical setting (2'O-methyl-phosphorothioate (2-OMe/PS), 2'O-methoxyethyl-phosphoriate (2-MOE/PS), and phosphorodiamidite morpholino oligomers (PMO)). These AONs targeted genes exclusively expressed in certain types of retinal cells. Overall, studies in vitro and in vivo in C57BL/6J wild-type mouse retinas showed that 2-OMe/PS and 2-MOE/PS AONs have comparable efficacy and safety profiles. In contrast, octa-guanidine-dendrimer-conjugated in vivo PMO-oligonucleotides (ivPMO) caused toxicity. This was evidenced by externally visible ocular phenotypes in 88.5% of all ivPMO-treated animals, accompanied by severe alterations at the morphological level. However, delivery of unmodified PMO-AONs did not cause any toxicity, although it clearly reduced the efficacy. We conducted the first systematic comparison of different chemical modifications of AONs in the retina. Our results showed that the same AON sequence with different chemical modifications displayed different splicing modulation efficacies, suggesting the 2'MOE/PS modification as the most efficacious in these conditions. Thereby, our work provides important insights for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Allo Anido
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Duijkers
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Hoppenbrouwers
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anita D M Hoogendoorn
- Radboud university medical center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Céline Koster
- Departments of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Garanto
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud university medical center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Kathuria-Prakash N, Dave P, Garcia L, Brown P, Drakaki A. MicroRNAs in Genitourinary Malignancies: An Exciting Frontier of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9499. [PMID: 39273446 PMCID: PMC11394927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Genitourinary (GU) malignancies, including prostate, urothelial, kidney, testicular, penile, and adrenocortical cancers, comprise a significant burden of cancers worldwide. While many practice-changing advances have been made in the management of GU malignancies in the last decade, there is still significant room for improvement. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that regulate post-transcription gene expression and which have been implicated in multiple mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Therefore, they have the potential to revolutionize personalized cancer therapy, with several ongoing preclinical and clinical studies underway to investigate their efficacy. In this review, we describe the current landscape of miRNAs as diagnostics, therapeutics, and biomarkers of response for GU malignancies, reflecting a novel frontier in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhita Kathuria-Prakash
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pranali Dave
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324, USA
| | - Lizette Garcia
- Division of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paige Brown
- Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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3
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Barker SJ, Thayer MB, Kim C, Tatarakis D, Simon MJ, Dial R, Nilewski L, Wells RC, Zhou Y, Afetian M, Akkapeddi P, Chappell A, Chew KS, Chow J, Clemens A, Discenza CB, Dugas JC, Dwyer C, Earr T, Ha C, Ho YS, Huynh D, Lozano EI, Jayaraman S, Kwan W, Mahon C, Pizzo M, Robles-Colmenares Y, Roche E, Sanders L, Stergioulis A, Tong R, Tran H, Zuchero Y, Estrada AA, Gadkar K, Koth CMM, Sanchez PE, Thorne RG, Watts RJ, Sandmann T, Kane LA, Rigo F, Dennis MS, Lewcock JW, DeVos SL. Targeting the transferrin receptor to transport antisense oligonucleotides across the mammalian blood-brain barrier. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadi2245. [PMID: 39141703 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are promising therapeutics for treating various neurological disorders. However, ASOs are unable to readily cross the mammalian blood-brain barrier (BBB) and therefore need to be delivered intrathecally to the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we engineered a human transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) binding molecule, the oligonucleotide transport vehicle (OTV), to transport a tool ASO across the BBB in human TfR knockin (TfRmu/hu KI) mice and nonhuman primates. Intravenous injection and systemic delivery of OTV to TfRmu/hu KI mice resulted in sustained knockdown of the ASO target RNA, Malat1, across multiple mouse CNS regions and cell types, including endothelial cells, neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. In addition, systemic delivery of OTV enabled Malat1 RNA knockdown in mouse quadriceps and cardiac muscles, which are difficult to target with oligonucleotides alone. Systemically delivered OTV enabled a more uniform ASO biodistribution profile in the CNS of TfRmu/hu KI mice and greater knockdown of Malat1 RNA compared with a bivalent, high-affinity TfR antibody. In cynomolgus macaques, an OTV directed against MALAT1 displayed robust ASO delivery to the primate CNS and enabled more uniform biodistribution and RNA target knockdown compared with intrathecal dosing of the same unconjugated ASO. Our data support systemically delivered OTV as a potential platform for delivering therapeutic ASOs across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mai B Thayer
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chaeyoung Kim
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rebekah Dial
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Yinhan Zhou
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kylie S Chew
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johann Chow
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jason C Dugas
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Timothy Earr
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Connie Ha
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne S Ho
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Huynh
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Wanda Kwan
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cathal Mahon
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Elysia Roche
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Sanders
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Raymond Tong
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hai Tran
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Y Zuchero
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Kapil Gadkar
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan J Watts
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Lesley A Kane
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Dennis
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Sarah L DeVos
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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4
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Caramiello AM, Pirota V. Novel Therapeutic Horizons: SNCA Targeting in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:949. [PMID: 39199337 PMCID: PMC11352499 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregates are the primary component of Lewy bodies, which are pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). The toxicity of αSyn seems to increase with its elevated expression during injury, suggesting that therapeutic approaches focused on reducing αSyn burden in neurons could be beneficial. Additionally, studies have shown higher levels of SNCA mRNA in the midbrain tissues and substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons of sporadic PD post-mortem brains compared to controls. Therefore, the regulation of SNCA expression and inhibition of αSyn synthesis could play an important role in the pathogenesis of injury, resulting in an effective treatment approach for PD. In this context, we summarized the most recent and innovative strategies proposed that exploit the targeting of SNCA to regulate translation and efficiently knock down cytoplasmatic levels of αSyn. Significant progress has been made in developing antisense technologies for treating PD in recent years, with a focus on antisense oligonucleotides and short-interfering RNAs, which achieve high specificity towards the desired target. To provide a more exhaustive picture of this research field, we also reported less common but highly innovative strategies, including small molecules, designed to specifically bind 5'-untranslated regions and, targeting secondary nucleic acid structures present in the SNCA gene, whose formation can be modulated, acting as a transcription and translation control. To fully describe the efficiency of the reported strategies, the effect of αSyn reduction on cellular viability and dopamine homeostasis was also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Pirota
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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5
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Lincy-Bianchi L, Häfner M, Becquart C, Tängemo C, Kurczy ME, Munier CC, Knerr L. Incorporation of Intracellular NanoSIMS Tracers to Oligonucleotide Conjugates via Strain Promoted Sydnone-Alkyne Cycloaddition. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:912-921. [PMID: 38860868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Extensive efforts have been dedicated to developing cell-specific targeting ligands that can be conjugated to therapeutic cargo, offering a promising yet still challenging strategy to deliver oligonucleotide therapeutics beyond the liver. Indeed, while the cargo and the ligand are crucial, the third component, the linker, is integral but is often overlooked. Here, we present strain-promoted sydnone-alkyne cycloaddition as a versatile linker chemistry for oligonucleotide synthesis, expanding the choices for bioconjugation of therapeutics while enabling subcellular detection of the linker and payload using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) imaging. This strategy was successfully applied to peptide and lipid ligands and profiled using the well characterized N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) targeting ligand. The linker did not affect the expected activity of the conjugate and was detectable and distinguishable from the labeled cargo. Finally, this work not only offers a practical bioconjugation method but also enables the assessment of the linker's subcellular behavior, facilitating NanoSIMS imaging to monitor the three key components of therapeutic conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loujahine Lincy-Bianchi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Development, Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maximilian Häfner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Development, Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cécile Becquart
- DMPK, Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carolina Tängemo
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael E Kurczy
- DMPK, Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claire C Munier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Development, Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laurent Knerr
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Development, Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
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6
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Lyu F, Hakariya H, Hiraoka H, Li Z, Matsubara N, Soo Y, Hashiya F, Abe N, Shu Z, Nakamoto K, Kimura Y, Abe H. Intracellular Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides by Tri-Branched Cyclic Disulfide Units. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400472. [PMID: 38957922 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic oligonucleotides, such as antisense DNA, show promise in treating previously untreatable diseases. However, their applications are still hindered by the poor membrane permeability of naked oligonucleotides. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient methods for intracellular oligonucleotide delivery. Previously, our group successfully developed disulfide-based Membrane Permeable Oligonucleotides (MPON), which achieved enhanced cellular uptake and gene silencing effects through an endocytosis-free uptake mechanism. Herein, we report a new molecular design for the next generation of MPON, called trimer MPON. The trimer MPON consists of a tri-branched backbone, three α-lipoic acid units, and a spacer linker between the oligonucleotides and tri-branched cyclic disulfide unit. We describe the design, synthesis, and functional evaluation of the trimer MPON, offering new insights into the molecular design for efficient oligonucleotide delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hayase Hakariya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Haruka Hiraoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Zhenmin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Noriaki Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yonghao Soo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Hashiya
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Naoko Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Zhaoma Shu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
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7
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Tsamoulis D, Rallidis LS, Kosmas CE. Inclisiran: the preclinical discovery and development of a novel therapy for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:773-782. [PMID: 38804735 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2360415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Lipid lowering therapy (LLT) constitutes the cornerstone of ASCVD prevention and treatment. However, several patients fail to achieve therapeutic goals due to low treatment adherence or limitations of standard-of-care (SoC) LLTs. Inclisiran represents a pivotal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering agent aiming to address current unmet needs in LLT. It is the first available small interfering RNA (siRNA) LLT, specifically targeting PCSK9 mRNA and leading to post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of the PCSK9 gene. AREAS COVERED Promising phase III trials revealed an ~ 50% reduction in LDL-C levels with subcutaneous inclisiran administration on days 1 and 90, followed by semiannual booster shots. Coupled with inclisiran's favorable safety profile, these findings led to its approval by both the EMA and FDA. Herein, the authors highlight the preclinical discovery and development of this agent and provide the reader with their expert perspectives. EXPERT OPINION The evolution of gene-silencing treatments offers new perspectives in therapeutics. Inclisiran appears to have the potential to revolutionize ASCVD prevention and treatment, benefiting millions of patients. Ensuring widespread availability of Inclisiran, as well as managing additional healthcare costs that may arise, should be of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatos Tsamoulis
- Second Department of Cardiology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Constantine E Kosmas
- Second Department of Cardiology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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8
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Li J, Liu S, Zang Q, Yang R, Zhao Y, He Y. Current trends and advances in antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01124. [PMID: 38945693 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health concern. Existing antiviral drugs, including nucleos(t)ide analogs and interferon-α, can suppress HBV replication and improve the prognosis. However, the persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the integration of HBV-DNA into the host genome, and compromised immune responses impede the successful treatment of hepatitis B. While achieving a functional cure of HBV remains elusive with the current treatment methods, this is the goal of new therapeutic approaches. Therefore, developing novel antiviral drugs is necessary for achieving a functional or complete cure for chronic hepatitis B. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in drug discovery and development for HBV infection. Direct-acting antiviral agents such as entry inhibitors, capsid assembly modulators, subviral particle release inhibitors, cccDNA silencers, and RNA interference molecules have entered clinical trials. In addition, several immunomodulatory agents, including toll-like receptor agonists, therapeutic vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies, are also making their way toward clinical use. In this review, we summarize the recent progress and limitations of chronic hepatitis B treatment and discuss perspectives on approaches to achieving functional cure. Although it will take some time for these new antiviral drugs to be widely used in clinical practice, combination therapy may become a preferable treatment option in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qijuan Zang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ruijie Yang
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yingren Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Shaanxi Clinical Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yingli He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Shaanxi Clinical Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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9
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Tang K, Wang X, Jiang Z, Chen M, Deng X, Mei S, Ma Y, Du X, Guo S, Lin Y, Dong Y, Liu D, Xu L, Jiang C. Oral administration of herbal oligonucleotide drug JGL-sRNA-h7 ameliorates hyperglycemia in db/db mice and beagle dogs. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 38935610 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disease, posing a considerable threat to public health. Oligonucleotide drugs have proven to be a promising field of therapy for the diseases. In this study, we reported that a herbal small RNA (sRNA), JGL-sRNA-h7 (B34735529, F1439.L002444.A11), could exhibit potent hypoglycemic effects by targeting glucose-6-phosphatase. Oral administration of sphingosine (d18:1)-JGL-sRNA-h7 bencaosomes ameliorated hyperglycemia and diabetic kidney injury better than metformin in db/db mice. Furthermore, glucose tolerance was also improved in sphingosine (d18:1)-JGL-sRNA-h7 bencaosomes-treated beagle dogs. Our study indicates that JGL-sRNA-h7 could be a promising hypoglycemic oligonucleotide drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kegong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Song Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yexuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Longxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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10
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Ferguson CM, Godinho BMDC, Echeverria D, Hassler M, Vangjeli L, Sousa J, McHugh N, Alterman J, Hariharan V, Krishnamurthy P, Watts J, Rogaev E, Khvorova A. A combinatorial approach for achieving CNS-selective RNAi. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:5273-5284. [PMID: 38348876 PMCID: PMC11109952 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an endogenous process that can be harnessed using chemically modified small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to potently modulate gene expression in many tissues. The route of administration and chemical architecture are the primary drivers of oligonucleotide tissue distribution, including siRNAs. Independently of the nature and type, oligonucleotides are eliminated from the body through clearance tissues, where their unintended accumulation may result in undesired gene modulation. Divalent siRNAs (di-siRNAs) administered into the CSF induce robust gene silencing throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Upon clearance from the CSF, they are mainly filtered by the kidneys and liver, with the most functionally significant accumulation occurring in the liver. siRNA- and miRNA-induced silencing can be blocked through substrate inhibition using single-stranded, stabilized oligonucleotides called antagomirs or anti-siRNAs. Using APOE as a model target, we show that undesired di-siRNA-induced silencing in the liver can be mitigated through administration of liver targeting GalNAc-conjugated anti-siRNAs, without impacting CNS activity. Blocking unwanted hepatic APOE silencing achieves fully CNS-selective silencing, essential for potential clinical translation. While we focus on CNS/liver selectivity, coadministration of differentially targeting siRNA and anti-siRNAs can be adapted as a strategy to achieve tissue selectivity in different organ combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M Ferguson
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Bruno M D C Godinho
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Dimas Echeverria
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Matthew Hassler
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Lorenc Vangjeli
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Sousa
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nicholas McHugh
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Julia Alterman
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Vignesh Hariharan
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Watts
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Eveny Rogaev
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Anastasia Khvorova
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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11
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Hanswillemenke A, Hofacker DT, Sorgenfrei M, Fruhner C, Franz-Wachtel M, Schwarzer D, Maček B, Stafforst T. Profiling the interactome of oligonucleotide drugs by proximity biotinylation. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:555-565. [PMID: 38233583 PMCID: PMC11062921 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Drug-ID is a novel method applying proximity biotinylation to identify drug-protein interactions inside living cells. The covalent conjugation of a drug with a biotin ligase enables targeted biotinylation and identification of the drug-bound proteome. We established Drug-ID for two small-molecule drugs, JQ1 and SAHA, and applied it for RNaseH-recruiting antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). Drug-ID profiles the drug-protein interactome de novo under native conditions, directly inside living cells and at pharmacologically effective drug concentrations. It requires minimal amounts of cell material and might even become applicable in vivo. We studied the dose-dependent aggregation of ASOs and the effect of different wing chemistries (locked nucleic acid, 2'-methoxyethyl and 2'-Fluoro) and ASO lengths on the interactome. Finally, we demonstrate the detection of stress-induced, intracellular interactome changes (actinomycin D treatment) with an in situ variant of the approach, which uses a recombinant biotin ligase and does not require genetic manipulation of the target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michèle Sorgenfrei
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Fruhner
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mirita Franz-Wachtel
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris Maček
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stafforst
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Gene and RNA Therapy Center (GRTC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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12
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Vandermeulen L, Geric I, Fumagalli L, Kreir M, Lu A, Nonneman A, Premereur J, Wolfs L, Policarpo R, Fattorelli N, De Bondt A, Van Den Wyngaert I, Asselbergh B, Fiers M, De Strooper B, d'Ydewalle C, Mancuso R. Regulation of human microglial gene expression and function via RNAase-H active antisense oligonucleotides in vivo in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:37. [PMID: 38654375 PMCID: PMC11040766 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia play important roles in maintaining brain homeostasis and neurodegeneration. The discovery of genetic variants in genes predominately or exclusively expressed in myeloid cells, such as Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), as the strongest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) highlights the importance of microglial biology in the brain. The sequence, structure and function of several microglial proteins are poorly conserved across species, which has hampered the development of strategies aiming to modulate the expression of specific microglial genes. One way to target APOE and TREM2 is to modulate their expression using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). METHODS In this study, we identified, produced, and tested novel, selective and potent ASOs for human APOE and TREM2. We used a combination of in vitro iPSC-microglia models, as well as microglial xenotransplanted mice to provide proof of activity in human microglial in vivo. RESULTS We proved their efficacy in human iPSC microglia in vitro, as well as their pharmacological activity in vivo in a xenografted microglia model. We demonstrate ASOs targeting human microglia can modify their transcriptional profile and their response to amyloid-β plaques in vivo in a model of AD. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first proof-of-concept that human microglial can be modulated using ASOs in a dose-dependent manner to manipulate microglia phenotypes and response to neurodegeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Vandermeulen
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ivana Geric
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- MIND Lab, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Kreir
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ashley Lu
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Annelies Nonneman
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jessie Premereur
- MIND Lab, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leen Wolfs
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Rafaela Policarpo
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Nicola Fattorelli
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - An De Bondt
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ilse Van Den Wyngaert
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bob Asselbergh
- Neuromics Support Facility, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neuromics Support Facility, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mark Fiers
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Constantin d'Ydewalle
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Renzo Mancuso
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
- MIND Lab, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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13
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Tanna S, Doshi G, Godad A. siRNA as potential therapeutic strategy for hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176467. [PMID: 38431244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension, a well-known cardiovascular disorder noticed by rise in blood pressure, poses a significant global health challenge. The development RNA interfering (RNAi)-based therapies offers a ground-breaking molecular tool, holds promise for addressing hypertension's intricate molecular mechanisms. Harnessing the power of small interfering RNA (siRNA), researchers aim to selectively target and modulate genes associated with hypertension. Furthermore, they aim to downregulate the levels of mRNA by activating cellular nucleases in response to sequence homology between the siRNA and the corresponding mRNA molecule. As a result, genes involved in the cause of disorders linked to a known genetic background can be silenced using siRNA strategy. In the realm of hypertension, siRNA therapy emerges as a potential therapy for prognostics, diagnostics and treatments. It plays an important role in execution of targeting suppression of genes involved in vascular tone regulation, sodium handling, and pathways contributing to high blood pressure. A clinical trial involving intervention like angiotensinogen siRNA (AGT siRNA) is currently being carried out to treat hypertension. Genetic correlations between uromodulin (UMOD) and hypertension are investigated as emerging Non AGT siRNA target. Furthermore, expression of UMOD is responsible for regulation of sodium by modulating the tumor necrosis factor-α and regulating the Na + -K + -2Cl-cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb, which makes it an important target for blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srushti Tanna
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Angel Godad
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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14
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Cheng Y, Zhang S, Shang H. Latest advances on new promising molecular-based therapeutic approaches for Huntington's disease. J Transl Int Med 2024; 12:134-147. [PMID: 38779119 PMCID: PMC11107186 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2023-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating, autosomal-dominant inherited, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor deficits, cognitive impairments, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It is caused by excessive cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeats within the huntingtin gene (HTT). Presently, therapeutic interventions capable of altering the trajectory of HD are lacking, while medications for abnormal movement and psychiatric symptoms are limited. Numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies have been conducted and are currently underway to test the efficacy of therapeutic approaches targeting some of these mechanisms with varying degrees of success. In this review, we update the latest advances on new promising molecular-based therapeutic strategies for this disorder, including DNA-targeting techniques such as zinc-finger proteins, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and CRISPR/Cas9; post-transcriptional huntingtin-lowering approaches such as RNAi, antisense oligonucleotides, and small-molecule splicing modulators; and novel methods to clear the mHTT protein, such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras. We mainly focus on the ongoing clinical trials and the latest pre-clinical studies to explore the progress of emerging potential HD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare disease center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Sirui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare disease center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare disease center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, Sichuan Province, China
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15
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Hsia T, Chen Y. RNA-encapsulating lipid nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy: From pre-clinical studies to clinical trials. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114234. [PMID: 38401743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based delivery systems such as RNA-encapsulating lipid nanoparticles (RNA LNPs) have dramatically advanced in function and capacity over the last few decades. RNA LNPs boast of a diverse array of external and core configurations that enhance targeted delivery and prolong circulatory retention, advancing therapeutic outcomes. Particularly within the realm of cancer immunotherapies, RNA LNPs are increasingly gaining prominence. Pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies have laid a robust foundation for new and ongoing clinical trials that are actively enrolling patients for RNA LNP cancer immunotherapy. This review explores RNA LNPs, starting from their core composition to their external membrane formulation, set against a backdrop of recent clinical breakthroughs. We further elucidate the LNP delivery avenues, broach the prevailing challenges, and contemplate the future perspectives of RNA LNP-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffaney Hsia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yunching Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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16
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Chen S, Heendeniya SN, Le BT, Rahimizadeh K, Rabiee N, Zahra QUA, Veedu RN. Splice-Modulating Antisense Oligonucleotides as Therapeutics for Inherited Metabolic Diseases. BioDrugs 2024; 38:177-203. [PMID: 38252341 PMCID: PMC10912209 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-024-00644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The last decade (2013-2023) has seen unprecedented successes in the clinical translation of therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). Eight such molecules have been granted marketing approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) during the decade, after the first ASO drug, fomivirsen, was approved much earlier, in 1998. Splice-modulating ASOs have also been developed for the therapy of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), due to their ability to redirect aberrant splicing caused by mutations, thus recovering the expression of normal transcripts, and correcting the deficiency of functional proteins. The feasibility of treating IEM patients with splice-switching ASOs has been supported by FDA permission (2018) of the first "N-of-1" study of milasen, an investigational ASO drug for Batten disease. Although for IEM, owing to the rarity of individual disease and/or pathogenic mutation, only a low number of patients may be treated by ASOs that specifically suppress the aberrant splicing pattern of mutant precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA), splice-switching ASOs represent superior individualized molecular therapeutics for IEM. In this work, we first summarize the ASO technology with respect to its mechanisms of action, chemical modifications of nucleotides, and rational design of modified oligonucleotides; following that, we precisely provide a review of the current understanding of developing splice-modulating ASO-based therapeutics for IEM. In the concluding section, we suggest potential ways to improve and/or optimize the development of ASOs targeting IEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxiang Chen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Precision Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Saumya Nishanga Heendeniya
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Precision Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Bao T Le
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Precision Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- ProGenis Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Kamal Rahimizadeh
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Precision Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Precision Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Qurat Ul Ain Zahra
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Precision Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
- Precision Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- ProGenis Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
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17
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Bui NL, Chu DT. An introduction to RNA therapeutics and their potentials. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 203:1-12. [PMID: 38359993 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics is a biological term regarding the usage of RNA-based molecules for medical purposes. Thanks to the success of mRNA-vaccine production against COVID-19, RNA therapeutics has gained more and more attention and investigation from worldwide scientists. It is considered as one of the promising alternatives for conventional drugs. In this first chapter, we presented an overview of the history and perspectives of RNA therapeutics' development. This chapter also explained the underlying mechanisms of different RNA-based molecules, including antisense oligonucleotide, interfering RNA (iRNA), aptamer, and mRNA, from degrading mRNA to inactivating targeted protein. Although there are many advantages of RNA therapeutics, its challenges in designing RNA chemical structure and the delivery vehicle need to be discussed. We described advanced technologies in the development of drug delivery systems that are positively correlated to the efficacy of the drug. Our aim is to provide a general background of RNA therapeutics to the audience before introducing plenty of more detailed parts, including clinical applications in certain diseases in the following chapters of the "RNA therapeutics" book.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat-Le Bui
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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18
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Nguyen DH, Uddin MJ, Al-Tawfiq JA, Memish ZA, Chu DT. RNA therapeutics for diarrhea. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 204:295-309. [PMID: 38458741 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Diarrhea is caused by a variety of bacterial and viral agents, inflammatory conditions, medications, and hereditary conditions. Secretory diarrhea involves several ion and solute transporters, activation of the cyclic nucleotide and Ca2+ signaling pathways, as well as intestinal epithelial secretion. In many cases of secretory diarrhea, activation of Cl- channels, such as the cystic transmembrane conduction regulator and the Ca2+stimulated Cl- channel fibrosis, promote secretion while concurrently inhibiting Na+ transport expressing fluid absorption. Current diarrhea therapies include rehydration and electrolyte replacement via oral rehydration solutions, as well as medications that target peristalsis or fluid secretion. The rising understanding of RNA function and its importance in illness has encouraged the use of various RNAs to operate selectively on "untreatable" proteins, transcripts, and genes. Some RNA-based medications have received clinical approval, while others are currently in research or preclinical studies. Despite major obstacles in the development of RNA-based therapies, many approaches have been investigated to improve intracellular RNA trafficking and metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Director Research and Innovation Centre, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health and College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Studzińska S, Szymarek J, Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska M. Improvement of serum sample preparation and chromatographic analysis of nusinersen used for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. Talanta 2024; 267:125173. [PMID: 37690419 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation showed that each of the three different liquid chromatography modes may be successfully used for the qualitative analysis of nusinersen metabolites in a patient's serum sample extract. However, the smallest number was detected by the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Furthermore, the response of the mass spectrometry is several times greater for ion pair chromatography compared to reversed-phase one. Various extraction methods were applied for the extraction of nusinersen metabolites from serum. Silica with bonded capture strand for hybridization was applied, as well as silica modified with amino and carboxyl groups for dispersive solid phase extraction. The hybridization allows selective extraction of nusinersen analogs, however, it fails in extraction of short metabolites. On the contrary, the efficiency of weak ion exchange-based extraction was high, even in the case of the direct extraction of nusinersen metabolites from diluted serum samples without a protein removal step. The new material is a great alternative to liquid-liquid extraction and hybridization for the isolation of nusinersen metabolites from the serum of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). It is a very simple method that uses a low concentration of organic salt and desorption occurs after changing its pH. Such complex studies were performed for the first time for nusinersen metabolites extracted from the serum of SMA patients treated with Spinraza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Studzińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin Str., PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland; Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wilenska St., 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Jakub Szymarek
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Dębinki Str., PL-80-952, Gdańsk, Poland
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Yu X, Song K. Novel ASO therapeutic target designed against hyperlipidemia via PCSK9 knockdown. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115960. [PMID: 38039754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With the gradual improvement of individuals' living standards, there has been a concurrent escalation in the consumption of fats and sugars in the daily dietary habits. Consequently, an increasing number of individuals are afflicted by hyperlipidemia, a condition that, could elevate blood viscosity, thereby engendering serious complications in a long run. Traditional lipid-lowering medications, such as statins, manifest substantial side effects, thereby imposing a significant metabolic burden on the liver and kidneys. Conversely, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) exhibit attributes such as rapid absorption, prolonged efficacy, and minimal side effects. In light of these considerations, a novel ASO was meticulously designed, sebsequently, its efficacy and toxicity assessments were conducted both in vitro and in vivo. The results unequivocally demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of this ASO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan,Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences,Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Kai Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan,Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences,Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, China; SicaGene BioScience Co.,Ltd. Room 205/206, Building 16,Beilun Industrial Park, 9 North Yongteng Road, Haidian District Beijing, Beijing 1000094, China
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21
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Singh H. Role of gene therapy in treatment of cancer with craniofacial regeneration-current molecular strategies, future perspectives, and challenges: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF YEUNGNAM MEDICAL SCIENCE 2024; 41:13-21. [PMID: 37218144 PMCID: PMC10834268 DOI: 10.12701/jyms.2023.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy involves the introduction of foreign genetic material into host tissue to alter the expression of genetic products. Gene therapy represents an opportunity to alter the course of various diseases. Hence, genetic products utilizing safe and reliable vectors with improved biotechnology will play a critical role in the treatment of various diseases in the future. This review summarizes various important vectors for gene therapy along with modern techniques for potential craniofacial regeneration using gene therapy. This review also explains current molecular approaches for the management and treatment of cancer using gene therapy. The existing literature was searched to find studies related to gene therapy and its role in craniofacial regeneration and cancer treatment. Various databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for English language articles using the keywords "gene therapy," "gene therapy in present scenario," "gene therapy in cancer," "gene therapy and vector," "gene therapy in diseases," and "gene therapy and molecular strategies."
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Index Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, India
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Trojan A, Lone YC, Briceno I, Trojan J. Anti-Gene IGF-I Vaccines in Cancer Gene Therapy: A Review of a Case of Glioblastoma. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1983-2002. [PMID: 38031775 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673237968231106095141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccines for the deadliest brain tumor - glioblastoma (GBM) - are generally based on targeting growth factors or their receptors, often using antibodies. The vaccines described in the review were prepared to suppress the principal cancer growth factor - IGF-I, using anti-gene approaches either of antisense (AS) or of triple helix (TH) type. Our objective was to increase the median survival of patients treated with AS and TH cell vaccines. METHODOLOGY The cells were transfected in vitro by both constructed IGF-I AS and IGF-I TH expression episomal vectors; part of these cells was co-cultured with plant phytochemicals, modulating IGF-I expression. Both AS and TH approaches completely suppressed IGF-I expression and induced MHC-1 / B7 immunogenicity related to the IGF-I receptor signal. RESULTS This immunogenicity proved to be stronger in IGF-I TH than in IGF-I AS-prepared cell vaccines, especially in TH / phytochemical cells. The AS and TH vaccines generated an important TCD8+ and TCD8+CD11b- immune response in treated GBM patients and increased the median survival of patients up to 17-18 months, particularly using TH vaccines; in some cases, 2- and 3-year survival was reported. These clinical results were compared with those obtained in therapies targeting other growth factors. CONCLUSION The anti-gene IGF-I vaccines continue to be applied in current GBM personalized medicine. Technical improvements in the preparation of AS and TH vaccines to increase MHC-1 and B7 immunogenicity have, in parallel, allowed to increase in the median survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Trojan
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, PO Box: 130014 Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Yu-Chun Lone
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- CEDEA / ICGT - Center of Oncological Diseases Diagnosis, PO Box: 110231 Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ignacio Briceno
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Sabana, PO Box: 250008 Chia, Colombia
| | - Jerzy Trojan
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- CEDEA / ICGT - Center of Oncological Diseases Diagnosis, PO Box: 110231 Bogota, Colombia
- National Academy of Medicine - ANM, PO Box: 75272 Paris, France
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Melin E, Pripp AH, Eide PK, Ringstad G. In vivo distribution of cerebrospinal fluid tracer in human upper spinal cord and brain stem. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173276. [PMID: 38063195 PMCID: PMC10795833 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDIntrathecal injection is an attractive route through which drugs can be administered and directed to the spinal cord, restricted by the blood-spinal cord barrier. However, in vivo data on the distribution of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) substances in the human spinal cord are lacking. We conducted this study to assess the enrichment of a CSF tracer in the upper cervical spinal cord and the brain stem.METHODSAfter lumbar intrathecal injection of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, gadobutrol, repeated blood samples and MRI of the upper cervical spinal cord, brain stem, and adjacent subarachnoid spaces (SAS) were obtained through 48 hours. The MRI scans were then analyzed for tracer distribution in the different regions and correlated to age, disease, and amounts of tracer in the blood to determine CSF-to-blood clearance.RESULTSThe study included 26 reference individuals and 35 patients with the dementia subtype idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The tracer enriched all analyzed regions. Moreover, tracer enrichment in parenchyma was associated with tracer enrichment in the adjacent SAS and with CSF-to-blood clearance. Clearance from the CSF was delayed in patients with iNPH compared with younger reference patients.CONCLUSIONA CSF tracer substance administered to the lumbar thecal sac can access the parenchyma of the upper cervical spinal cord and brain stem. Since CSF-to-blood clearance is highly individual and is associated with tracer level in CSF, clearance assessment may be used to tailor intrathecal treatment regimes.FUNDINGSouth-Eastern Norway Regional Health and Østfold Hospital Trust supported the research and publication of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Melin
- Department of Radiology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Are Hugo Pripp
- Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Eide
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery and
| | - Geir Ringstad
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatrics and Internal medicine, Sorlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
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Gao X, Diep JK, Norris DA, Yu RZ, Geary RS. Predicting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antisense oligonucleotides: an overview of various approaches and opportunities for PBPK/PD modelling. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:979-990. [PMID: 37970635 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2283524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in research and development (R&D) have enabled many approvals of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). Its administration expanded from systemic to local for treating various diseases, where predicting target tissue exposures and pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) in human can be critical. AREAS COVERED A literature search for PBPK/PD models of ASOs was conducted using PubMed and Embase (to 1 April 2023). ASO PK and PD in animals and humans and modeling approaches including physiologically based (PB) are summarized; and relevance and impacts of PBPK/PD modeling are assessed. EXPERT OPINION Allometric scaling and compartmental PK/PD modeling have been successful to predict human ASO PK/PD, addressing most R&D needs. Understanding tissue distribution of ASOs can be crucial for their efficacy and safety especially for intrathecal (IT), pulmonary, or other local routes. PBPK/PD modeling is expected to improve such understanding, for which, efforts have been sporadic. However, developing a PBPK/PD model requires careful review of known biology/pharmacology and thoughtful experimental designs. Resulting models have the potential to predict target/specified tissue exposures and responses in human adults and pediatrics. Ultimately, a PBPK/PD modeling approach can lead to more efficient and rational clinical development, resulting in well-informed decision making and a shortened timeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Preclinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - John K Diep
- Preclinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Norris
- Preclinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Rosie Z Yu
- Preclinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Geary
- Preclinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA, USA
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Hu J, Gong X, Fan Y, Aguilar S, Rigo F, Prakash TP, Corey DR, Mootha VV. Modulation of Gene Expression in the Eye with Antisense Oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acid Ther 2023; 33:339-347. [PMID: 37917066 PMCID: PMC10698777 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2023.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One advantage of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) for drug development is their long-lasting gene knockdown after administration in vivo. In this study, we examine the effect on gene expression after intraocular injection in target tissues in the eye. We examined expression levels of the Malat1 gene after intracameral or intravitreal (IV) injection of an anti-Malat1 ASO in corneal epithelium/stroma, corneal endothelium, lens capsule epithelium, neurosensory retina, and retinal pigment epithelium/choroid of the mouse eye. We assessed potency of the compound at 7 days as well as duration of the gene knockdown at 14, 28, 60, 90, and 120 days. The ASO was more potent when delivered by IV injection relative to intracameral injection, regardless of whether the tissues analyzed were at the front or back of the eye. For corneal endothelium, inhibition was >50% after 120 days for ASO at 50 μg. At IV dosages of 6 μg, we observed >75% inhibition of gene expression in the retina and lens epithelium for up to 120 days. ASOs have potential as long-lasting gene knockdown agents in the mouse eye, but efficacy varies depending on the specific ocular target tissue and injection protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, and University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, and University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Selina Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, and University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | - David R. Corey
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - V. Vinod Mootha
- Department of Ophthalmology, and University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Canalis E, Mocarska M, Schilling L, Jafar-Nejad P, Carrer M. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting a NOTCH3 mutation in male mice ameliorate the cortical osteopenia of lateral meningocele syndrome. Bone 2023; 177:116898. [PMID: 37704069 PMCID: PMC10591917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Lateral Meningocele Syndrome (LMS) is a monogenic disorder associated with NOTCH3 pathogenic variants that result in the stabilization of NOTCH3 and a gain-of-function. A mouse model (Notch3em1Ecan) harboring a 6691-TAATGA mutation in the Notch3 locus that results in a functional outcome analogous to LMS exhibits cancellous and cortical bone osteopenia. We tested Notch3 antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) specific to the Notch36691-TAATGA mutation for their effects on Notch3 downregulation and on the osteopenia of Notch3em1Ecan mice. Twenty-four mouse Notch3 mutant ASOs were designed and tested for toxic effects in vivo, and 12 safe ASOs were tested for their impact on the downregulation of Notch36691-TAATGA and Notch3 mRNA in osteoblast cultures from Notch3em1Ecan mice. Three ASOs downregulated Notch3 mutant transcripts specifically and were tested in vivo for their effects on the bone microarchitecture of Notch3em1Ecan mice. All three ASOs were well tolerated. One of these ASOs had more consistent effects in vivo and was studied in detail. The Notch3 mutant ASO downregulated Notch3 mutant transcripts in osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells and had no effect on other Notch receptors. The subcutaneous administration of Notch3 mutant ASO at 50 mg/Kg decreased Notch36691-TAATGA mRNA in bone without apparent toxicity; microcomputed tomography demonstrated that the ASO ameliorated the cortical osteopenia of Notch3em1Ecan mice but not the cancellous bone osteopenia. In conclusion, a Notch3 ASO that downregulates Notch3 mutant expression specifically ameliorates the cortical osteopenia in Notch3em1Ecan mice. ASOs may become useful strategies in the management of monogenic disorders affecting the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Magda Mocarska
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lauren Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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Man HSJ, Moosa VA, Singh A, Wu L, Granton JT, Juvet SC, Hoang CD, de Perrot M. Unlocking the potential of RNA-based therapeutics in the lung: current status and future directions. Front Genet 2023; 14:1281538. [PMID: 38075698 PMCID: PMC10703483 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1281538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Awareness of RNA-based therapies has increased after the widespread adoption of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. These mRNA vaccines had a significant impact on reducing lung disease and mortality. They highlighted the potential for rapid development of RNA-based therapies and advances in nanoparticle delivery systems. Along with the rapid advancement in RNA biology, including the description of noncoding RNAs as major products of the genome, this success presents an opportunity to highlight the potential of RNA as a therapeutic modality. Here, we review the expanding compendium of RNA-based therapies, their mechanisms of action and examples of application in the lung. The airways provide a convenient conduit for drug delivery to the lungs with decreased systemic exposure. This review will also describe other delivery methods, including local delivery to the pleura and delivery vehicles that can target the lung after systemic administration, each providing access options that are advantageous for a specific application. We present clinical trials of RNA-based therapy in lung disease and potential areas for future directions. This review aims to provide an overview that will bring together researchers and clinicians to advance this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. S. Jeffrey Man
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vaneeza A. Moosa
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anand Singh
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Licun Wu
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John T. Granton
- Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen C. Juvet
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chuong D. Hoang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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28
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Collotta D, Bertocchi I, Chiapello E, Collino M. Antisense oligonucleotides: a novel Frontier in pharmacological strategy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1304342. [PMID: 38044945 PMCID: PMC10690781 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1304342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are short single stranded synthetic RNA or DNA molecules, whereas double-stranded RNA nucleotide sequences are called small interfering RNA (siRNA). ASOs bind to complementary nucleic acid sequences impacting the associated functions of the targeted nucleic acids. They represent an emerging class of drugs that, through a revolutionary mechanism of action, aim to directly regulate disease-causing genes and their variants, providing an alternative tool to traditional "protein-specific" therapies. The majority of the ASOs are designed to treat orphan genetic disorders that in most of the cases are seriously disabling and still lacking an adequate therapy. In order to translate ASOs into clinical success, constant technological advances have been instrumental in overcoming several pharmacological, toxicological and formulation limitations. Accordingly, chemical structures have been recently implemented and new bio-conjugation and nanocarriers formulation strategies explored. The aim of this work is to offer an overview of the antisense technology with a comparative analysis of the oligonucleotides approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Collotta
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - I. Bertocchi
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - E. Chiapello
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M. Collino
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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29
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Dave BP, Shah YB, Maheshwari KG, Mansuri KA, Prajapati BS, Postwala HI, Chorawala MR. Pathophysiological Aspects and Therapeutic Armamentarium of Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Trends and Future Development. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3847-3884. [PMID: 37725199 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia and is characterized by the death of brain cells due to the accumulation of insoluble amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles within the cells. AD is also associated with other pathologies such as neuroinflammation, dysfunction of synaptic connections and circuits, disorders in mitochondrial function and energy production, epigenetic changes, and abnormalities in the vascular system. Despite extensive research conducted over the last hundred years, little is established about what causes AD or how to effectively treat it. Given the severity of the disease and the increasing number of affected individuals, there is a critical need to discover effective medications for AD. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several new drug molecules for AD management since 2003, but these drugs only provide temporary relief of symptoms and do not address the underlying causes of the disease. Currently, available medications focus on correcting the neurotransmitter disruption observed in AD, including cholinesterase inhibitors and an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which temporarily alleviates the signs of dementia but does not prevent or reverse the course of AD. Research towards disease-modifying AD treatments is currently underway, including gene therapy, lipid nanoparticles, and dendrimer-based therapy. These innovative approaches aim to target the underlying pathological processes of AD rather than just managing the symptoms. This review discusses the novel aspects of pathogenesis involved in the causation of AD of AD and in recent developments in the therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of AD such as gene therapy, lipid nanoparticles, and dendrimer-based therapy, and many more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavarth P Dave
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Yesha B Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kunal G Maheshwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kaif A Mansuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Bhadrawati S Prajapati
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Humzah I Postwala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
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Tang K, Wang X, Zhao Y, Li X, Jiang Z, Mei S, Chen M, Ma Y, Du X, Qiao X, Sun N, Liu J, Jiang C. Oral administration of the herbal oligonucleotide XKC-sRNA-h3 prevents angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2370-2379. [PMID: 36949230 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension has become a growing public health concern worldwide. In fact, hypertension is commonly associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Currently, oligonucleotide drugs have proven to be promising therapeutic agents for various diseases. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate that a herbal small RNA (sRNA), XKC-sRNA-h3 (B55710460, F221. I000082.B11), exhibits potent antihypertensive effects by targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in mice. When compared with captopril, oral administration of the sphingosine (d18:1)-XKC-sRNA-h3 bencaosome more effectively prevented angiotensin II-induced hypertensive cardiac damage and alleviated kidney injury in mice. Such findings indicated that XKC-sRNA-h3 may be a novel orally available ACE inhibitor type oligonucleotide drug for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kegong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaobei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Song Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Mingrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xinyi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiangyu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Na Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Spencer-Dene B, Mukherjee P, Alex A, Bera K, Tseng WJ, Shi J, Chaney EJ, Spillman DR, Marjanovic M, Miranda E, Boppart SA, Hood SR. Localization of unlabeled bepirovirsen antisense oligonucleotide in murine tissues using in situ hybridization and CARS imaging. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:1575-1590. [PMID: 37460153 PMCID: PMC10578491 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079699.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for detecting unlabeled antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drugs rely on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or conjugated molecules, which lack sufficient sensitivity, specificity, and resolution to fully investigate their biodistribution. Our aim was to demonstrate the qualitative and quantitative distribution of unlabeled bepirovirsen, a clinical stage ASO, in livers and kidneys of dosed mice using novel staining and imaging technologies at subcellular resolution. ASOs were detected in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and frozen tissues using an automated chromogenic in situ hybridization (ISH) assay: miRNAscope. This was then combined with immunohistochemical detection of cell lineage markers. ASO distribution in hepatocytes versus nonparenchymal cell lineages was quantified using HALO AI image analysis. To complement this, hyperspectral coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (HS-CARS) imaging microscopy was used to specifically detect the unique cellular Raman spectral signatures following ASO treatment. Bepirovirsen was localized primarily in nonparenchymal liver cells and proximal renal tubules. Codetection of ASO with distinct cell lineage markers of liver and kidney populations aided target cell identity facilitating quantification. Positive liver signal was quantified using HALO AI, with 12.9% of the ASO localized to the hepatocytes and 87.1% in nonparenchymal cells. HS-CARS imaging specifically detected ASO fingerprints based on the unique vibrational signatures following unlabeled ASO treatment in a totally nonperturbative manner at subcellular resolution. Together, these novel detection and imaging modalities represent a significant increase in our ability to detect unlabeled ASOs in tissues, demonstrating improved levels of specificity and resolution. These methods help us understand their underlying mechanisms of action and ultimately improve the therapeutic potential of these important drugs for treating globally significant human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Spencer-Dene
- In Vitro/In Vivo Translation, BioImaging, GSK, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Prabuddha Mukherjee
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Aneesh Alex
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- In Vitro/In Vivo Translation, BioImaging, GSK, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
| | - Kajari Bera
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Wei-Ju Tseng
- In Vitro/In Vivo Translation, BioImaging, GSK, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
| | - Jindou Shi
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Eric J Chaney
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Darold R Spillman
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Elena Miranda
- In Vitro/In Vivo Translation, BioImaging, GSK, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Steve R Hood
- In Vitro/In Vivo Translation, BioImaging, GSK, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Tselepis AD. Treatment of Lp(a): Is It the Future or Are We Ready Today? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:679-689. [PMID: 37668953 PMCID: PMC10564831 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to present the pharmacodynamic effectiveness as well as the clinical efficacy and safety of investigational antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interference RNAs (siRNAs) drugs that specifically target lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)). The review will discuss whether the existing lipid-lowering therapies are adequate to treat high Lp(a) levels or whether it is necessary to use the emerging new therapeutic approaches which are based on the current RNA technologies. RECENT FINDINGS Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), independent of other conventional risk factors. High Lp(a) levels are also independently associated with an increased risk of aortic stenosis progression rate. Plasma Lp(a) levels are primarily genetically determined by variation in the LPA gene coding for apo(a). All secondary prevention trials have demonstrated that the existing hypolipidemic therapies are not adequate to reduce Lp(a) levels to such an extent that could lead to a substantial reduction of ASCVD risk. This has led to the development of new drugs that target the mRNA transcript of LPA and efficiently inhibit Lp(a) synthesis leading to potent Lp(a) reduction. These new drugs are the ASO pelacarsen and the siRNAs olpasiran and SLN360. Recent pharmacodynamic studies showed that all these drugs potently reduce Lp(a) up to 98%, in a dose-dependent manner. Ongoing clinical trials will determine the Lp(a)-lowering efficacy, tolerability, and safety of these drugs as well as their potential effectiveness in reducing the ASCVD risk attributed to high plasma Lp(a) levels. We are not ready today to significantly reduce plasma Lp(a). Emerging therapies potently decrease Lp(a) and ongoing clinical trials will determine their effectiveness in reducing ASCVD risk in subjects with high Lp(a) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros D Tselepis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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Wang Y, Fu Y, Lu Y, Chen S, Zhang J, Liu B, Yuan Y. Unravelling the complexity of lncRNAs in autophagy to improve potential cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188932. [PMID: 37329993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is well-known as an internal catabolic process that is evolutionarily conserved and performs the key biological function in maintaining cellular homeostasis. It is tightly controlled by several autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, which are closely associated with many types of human cancers. However, what has remained controversial is the janus roles of autophagy in cancer progression. Interestingly, the biological function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in autophagy has been gradually understood in different types of human cancers. More recently, numerous studies have demonstrated that several lncRNAs may regulate some ATG proteins and autophagy-related signaling pathways to either activate or inhibit the autophagic process in cancer. Thus, in this review, we summarize the latest advance in the knowledge of the complicated relationships between lncRNAs and autophagy in cancer. Also, the in-depth dissection of the lncRNAs-autophagy-cancers axis involved in this review would shed new light on discovery of more potential cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuqi Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Buthelezi LA, Pillay S, Ntuli NN, Gcanga L, Guler R. Antisense Therapy for Infectious Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:2119. [PMID: 37626929 PMCID: PMC10453568 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases, particularly Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, pose a significant global health challenge, with 1.6 million reported deaths in 2021, making it the most fatal disease caused by a single infectious agent. The rise of drug-resistant infectious diseases adds to the urgency of finding effective and safe intervention therapies. Antisense therapy uses antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that are short, chemically modified, single-stranded deoxyribonucleotide molecules complementary to their mRNA target. Due to their designed target specificity and inhibition of a disease-causing gene at the mRNA level, antisense therapy has gained interest as a potential therapeutic approach. This type of therapy is currently utilized in numerous diseases, such as cancer and genetic disorders. Currently, there are limited but steadily increasing studies available that report on the use of ASOs as treatment for infectious diseases. This review explores the sustainability of FDA-approved and preclinically tested ASOs as a treatment for infectious diseases and the adaptability of ASOs for chemical modifications resulting in reduced side effects with improved drug delivery; thus, highlighting the potential therapeutic uses of ASOs for treating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lwanda Abonga Buthelezi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (L.A.B.); (S.P.); (N.N.N.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Shandre Pillay
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (L.A.B.); (S.P.); (N.N.N.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Noxolo Nokukhanya Ntuli
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (L.A.B.); (S.P.); (N.N.N.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Lorna Gcanga
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (L.A.B.); (S.P.); (N.N.N.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Reto Guler
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (L.A.B.); (S.P.); (N.N.N.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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Mortberg MA, Gentile JE, Nadaf N, Vanderburg C, Simmons S, Dubinsky D, Slamin A, Maldonado S, Petersen C, Jones N, Kordasiewicz H, Zhao H, Vallabh S, Minikel E. A single-cell map of antisense oligonucleotide activity in the brain. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7109-7124. [PMID: 37188501 PMCID: PMC10415122 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) dosed into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) distribute broadly throughout the central nervous system (CNS). By modulating RNA, they hold the promise of targeting root molecular causes of disease and hold potential to treat myriad CNS disorders. Realization of this potential requires that ASOs must be active in the disease-relevant cells, and ideally, that monitorable biomarkers also reflect ASO activity in these cells. The biodistribution and activity of such centrally delivered ASOs have been deeply characterized in rodent and non-human primate (NHP) models, but usually only in bulk tissue, limiting our understanding of the distribution of ASO activity across individual cells and across diverse CNS cell types. Moreover, in human clinical trials, target engagement is usually monitorable only in a single compartment, CSF. We sought a deeper understanding of how individual cells and cell types contribute to bulk tissue signal in the CNS, and how these are linked to CSF biomarker outcomes. We employed single nucleus transcriptomics on tissue from mice treated with RNase H1 ASOs against Prnp and Malat1 and NHPs treated with an ASO against PRNP. Pharmacologic activity was observed in every cell type, though sometimes with substantial differences in magnitude. Single cell RNA count distributions implied target RNA suppression in every single sequenced cell, rather than intense knockdown in only some cells. Duration of action up to 12 weeks post-dose differed across cell types, being shorter in microglia than in neurons. Suppression in neurons was generally similar to, or more robust than, the bulk tissue. In macaques, PrP in CSF was lowered 40% in conjunction with PRNP knockdown across all cell types including neurons, arguing that a CSF biomarker readout is likely to reflect ASO pharmacodynamic effect in disease-relevant cells in a neuronal disorder. Our results provide a reference dataset for ASO activity distribution in the CNS and establish single nucleus sequencing as a method for evaluating cell type specificity of oligonucleotide therapeutics and other modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Mortberg
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Juliana E Gentile
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Naeem M Nadaf
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Charles Vanderburg
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sean Simmons
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dan Dubinsky
- Genomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Adam Slamin
- Genomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Salome Maldonado
- Genomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Caroline L Petersen
- Genomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Nichole Jones
- Genomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | | | - Hien T Zhao
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Sonia M Vallabh
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Prion Alliance, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric Vallabh Minikel
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Prion Alliance, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Tekintaş Y, Temel A. Antisense oligonucleotides: a promising therapeutic option against infectious diseases. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:1-39. [PMID: 37395450 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2228841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases have been one of the biggest health problems of humanity for centuries. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics have received attention in recent years with their effectiveness in the treatment of various infectious diseases and vaccine development studies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the basic properties underlying the mechanism of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), their applications, and their challenges. The efficient delivery of ASOs is the greatest challenge for their therapeutic success, but this problem is overcome with new-generation antisense molecules developed with chemical modifications. The types, carrier molecules, and gene regions targeted by sequences have been summarized in detail. Research and development of antisense therapy is still in its infancy; however, gene silencing therapies appear to have the potential for faster and longer-lasting activity than conventional treatment strategies. On the other hand, realizing the potential of antisense therapy will require a large initial economic investment to ascertain the pharmacological properties and learn how to optimize them. The ability of ASOs to be rapidly designed and synthesized to target different microbes can reduce drug discovery time from 6 years to 1 year. Since ASOs are not particularly affected by resistance mechanisms, they come to the fore in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. The design-based flexibility of ASOs has enabled it to be used for different types of microorganisms/genes and successful in vitro and in vivo results have been revealed. The current review summarized a comprehensive understanding of ASO therapy in combating bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamaç Tekintaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Aybala Temel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Türkiye
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El Boujnouni N, van der Bent ML, Willemse M, ’t Hoen PA, Brock R, Wansink DG. Block or degrade? Balancing on- and off-target effects of antisense strategies against transcripts with expanded triplet repeats in DM1. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:622-636. [PMID: 37200862 PMCID: PMC10185704 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies for myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) are based on elimination of transcripts containing an expanded repeat or inhibition of sequestration of RNA-binding proteins. This activity is achievable by both degradation of expanded transcripts and steric hindrance, although it is unknown which approach is superior. We compared blocking ASOs with RNase H-recruiting gapmers of equivalent chemistries. Two DMPK target sequences were selected: the triplet repeat and a unique sequence upstream thereof. We assessed ASO effects on transcript levels, ribonucleoprotein foci and disease-associated missplicing, and performed RNA sequencing to investigate on- and off-target effects. Both gapmers and the repeat blocker led to significant DMPK knockdown and a reduction in (CUG)exp foci. However, the repeat blocker was more effective in MBNL1 protein displacement and had superior efficiency in splicing correction at the tested dose of 100 nM. By comparison, on a transcriptome level, the blocking ASO had the fewest off-target effects. In particular, the off-target profile of the repeat gapmer asks for cautious consideration in further therapeutic development. Altogether, our study demonstrates the importance of evaluating both on-target and downstream effects of ASOs in a DM1 context, and provides guiding principles for safe and effective targeting of toxic transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najoua El Boujnouni
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M. Leontien van der Bent
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Willemse
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A.C. ’t Hoen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 293, Bahrain
- Corresponding author Roland Brock, Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Derick G. Wansink
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author Derick G. Wansink, Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Nakevska Z, Yokota T. Challenges and future perspective of antisense therapy for spinal muscular atrophy: A review. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151326. [PMID: 37295266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the most common genetic cause of infantile death, is caused by a mutation in the survival of motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1), leading to the death of motor neurons and progressive muscle weakness. SMN1 normally produces an essential protein called SMN. Although humans possess a paralogous gene called SMN2, ∼90% of the SMN it produces is non-functional. This is due to a mutation in SMN2 that causes the skipping of a required exon during splicing of the pre-mRNA. The first treatment for SMA, nusinersen (brand name Spinraza), was approved by the FDA in 2016 and by the EMU in 2017. Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide-based therapy that alters the splicing of SMN2 to make functional full-length SMN protein. Despite the recent advancements in antisense oligonucleotide therapy and SMA treatment development, nusinersen is faced with a multitude of challenges, such as intracellular and systemic delivery. In recent years, the use of peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMOs) in antisense therapy has gained interest. These are antisense oligonucleotides conjugated to cell-penetrating peptides such as Pips and DG9, and they have the potential to address the challenges associated with delivery. This review focuses on the historic milestones, development, current challenges, and future perspectives of antisense therapy for SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Nakevska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Toshifumi Yokota
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada; The Friends of Garret Cumming Research and Muscular Dystrophy Canada HM Toupin Neurological Science Research Chair, 8812 112 St., Edmonton AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Becette OB, Marino JP, Brinson RG. Structural Fingerprinting of Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutics by Solution NMR Spectroscopy. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1373-1382. [PMID: 36195820 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapeutics are an emerging class of biopharmaceuticals to treat and prevent diseases, particularly those involving "undruggable" protein targets. Impurities generated throughout the ASO drug manufacturing and formulation pipeline can be detrimental to drug safety and efficacy. Therefore, analytical techniques are needed to rigorously characterize these molecules for quality assurance purposes. METHODS We demonstrate 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy methods that can generate high-resolution structural "fingerprints" of ASOs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1D 1H and 31P measurements are shown to provide rapid initial assessment of the ASO integrity. In particular, a well-resolved pair of 31P signals arising from the 5´-end of the phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) are sensitive to complex formation and oligomerization state. 2D 1H-1H, 1H-13C, and 1H-15 N experiments, although less sensitive, are further shown to enable resonance assignment, which will allow the tracking of structural changes at high-resolution during the drug development and manufacturing processes. We further anticipate that the described NMR approaches will be broadly applicable to fully formulated ASO therapeutics, including modalities other than PMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen B Becette
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - John P Marino
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Robert G Brinson
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA.
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Bellingrath JS, McClements ME, Fischer MD, MacLaren RE. Programmable RNA editing with endogenous ADAR enzymes - a feasible option for the treatment of inherited retinal disease? Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1092913. [PMID: 37293541 PMCID: PMC10244592 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1092913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA editing holds great promise for the therapeutic correction of pathogenic, single nucleotide variants (SNV) in the human transcriptome since it does not risk creating permanent off-targets edits in the genome and has the potential for innovative delivery options. Adenine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes catalyse the most widespread form of posttranscriptional RNA editing in humans and their ability to hydrolytically deaminate adenosine to inosine in double stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been harnessed to change pathogenic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the human genome on a transcriptional level. Until now, the most promising target editing rates have been achieved by exogenous delivery of the catalytically active ADAR deaminase domain (ADARDD) fused to an RNA binding protein. While it has been shown that endogenous ADARs can be recruited to a defined target site with the sole help of an ADAR-recruiting guide RNA, thus freeing up packaging space, decreasing the chance of an immune response against a foreign protein, and decreasing transcriptome-wide off-target effects, this approach has been limited by a low editing efficiency. Through the recent development of novel circular ADAR-recruiting guide RNAs as well as the optimisation of ADAR-recruiting antisense oligonucleotides, RNA editing with endogenous ADAR is now showing promising target editing efficiency in vitro and in vivo. A target editing efficiency comparable to RNA editing with exogenous ADAR was shown both in wild-type and disease mouse models as well as in wild-type non-human primates (NHP) immediately following and up to 6 weeks after application. With these encouraging results, RNA editing with endogenous ADAR has the potential to present an attractive option for the treatment of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), a field where gene replacement therapy has been established as safe and efficacious, but where an unmet need still exists for genes that exceed the packaging capacity of an adeno associated virus (AAV) or are expressed in more than one retinal isoform. This review aims to give an overview of the recent developments in the field of RNA editing with endogenous ADAR and assess its applicability for the field of treatment of IRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Sophia Bellingrath
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle E. McClements
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M. Dominik Fischer
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E. MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Lim WF, Rinaldi C. RNA Transcript Diversity in Neuromuscular Research. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023:JND221601. [PMID: 37182892 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-221601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Three decades since the Human Genome Project began, scientists have now identified more then 25,000 protein coding genes in the human genome. The vast majority of the protein coding genes (> 90%) are multi-exonic, with the coding DNA being interrupted by intronic sequences, which are removed from the pre-mRNA transcripts before being translated into proteins, a process called splicing maturation. Variations in this process, i.e. by exon skipping, intron retention, alternative 5' splice site (5'ss), 3' splice site (3'ss), or polyadenylation usage, lead to remarkable transcriptome and proteome diversity in human tissues. Given its critical biological importance, alternative splicing is tightly regulated in a tissue- and developmental stage-specific manner. The central nervous system and skeletal muscle are amongst the tissues with the highest number of differentially expressed alternative exons, revealing a remarkable degree of transcriptome complexity. It is therefore not surprising that splicing mis-regulation is causally associated with a myriad of neuromuscular diseases, including but not limited to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and myotonic dystrophy type 1 and 2 (DM1, DM2). A gene's transcript diversity has since become an integral and an important consideration for drug design, development and therapy. In this review, we will discuss transcript diversity in the context of neuromuscular diseases and current approaches to address splicing mis-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooi Fang Lim
- Department of Paediatrics and Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carlo Rinaldi
- Department of Paediatrics and Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Han JL, Entcheva E. Gene Modulation with CRISPR-based Tools in Human iPSC-Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:886-905. [PMID: 36656467 PMCID: PMC9851124 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of gene expression (knock-out, knock-in, knockdown or overexpression) is at the heart of functional genomics - an approach to dissect the contribution of a gene/protein to the system's function. The development of a human in vitro system that can be patient-specific, induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSC, and the ability to obtain various cell types of interest, have empowered human disease modeling and therapeutic development. Scalable tools have been deployed for gene modulation in these cells and derivatives, including pharmacological means, DNA-based RNA interference and standard RNA interference (shRNA/siRNA). The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system, borrowed from bacteria and adopted for use in mammalian cells a decade ago, offers cell-specific genetic targeting and versatility. Outside genome editing, more subtle, time-resolved gene modulation is possible by using a catalytically "dead" Cas9 enzyme linked to an effector of gene transcription in combination with a guide RNA. The CRISPRi / CRISPRa (interference/activation) system evolved over the last decade as a scalable technology for performing functional genomics with libraries of gRNAs. Here, we review key developments of these approaches and their deployment in cardiovascular research. We discuss specific use with iPSC-cardiomyocytes and the challenges in further translation of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Leann Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Suite 5000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Suite 5000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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Li Y, Zhu S, Chen Y, Ma Q, Kan D, Yu W, Zhang B, Chen X, Wei W, Shao Y, Wang K, Zhang M, Deng S, Niu Y, Shang Z. Post-transcriptional modification of m 6A methylase METTL3 regulates ERK-induced androgen-deprived treatment resistance prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:289. [PMID: 37095108 PMCID: PMC10126012 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
As the most common modification of RNA, N6-methyladenosin (m6A) has been confirmed to be involved in the occurrence and development of various cancers. However, the relationship between m6A and castration resistance prostate cancer (CRPC), has not been fully studied. By m6A-sequencing of patient cancer tissues, we identified that the overall level of m6A in CRPC was up-regulated than castration sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC). Based on the analysis of m6A-sequencing data, we found m6A modification level of HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase (HRAS) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (MEK2 or MAP2K2) were enhanced in CRPC. Specifically, tissue microarray analysis and molecular biology experiments confirmed that METTL3, an m6A "writer" up-regulated after castration, activated the ERK pathway to contribute to malignant phenotype including ADT resistance, cell proliferation and invasion. We revealed that METTL3-mediated ERK phosphorylation by stabilizing the transcription of HRAS and positively regulating the translation of MEK2. In the Enzalutamide-resistant (Enz-R) C4-2 and LNCap cell line (C4-2R, LNCapR) established in the current study, the ERK pathway was confirmed to be regulated by METTL3. We also found that applying antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to target the METTL3/ERK axis can restore Enzalutamide resistance in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, METTL3 activated the ERK pathway and induced the resistance to Enzalutamide by regulating the m6A level of critical gene transcription in the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shimiao Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianwang Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Duo Kan
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyue Yu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanrong Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanqing Wei
- Lianshui People's Hospital of Kangda College affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Keruo Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingpeng Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Deng
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Meneri M, Abati E, Gagliardi D, Faravelli I, Parente V, Ratti A, Verde F, Ticozzi N, Comi GP, Ottoboni L, Corti S. Identification of Novel Biomarkers of Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Therapeutic Response by Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiling of Human Biological Fluid Samples. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1254. [PMID: 37238925 PMCID: PMC10215459 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease resulting from mutations or deletions in SMN1 that lead to progressive death of alpha motor neurons, ultimately leading to severe muscle weakness and atrophy, as well as premature death in the absence of treatment. Recent approval of SMN-increasing medications as SMA therapy has altered the natural course of the disease. Thus, accurate biomarkers are needed to predict SMA severity, prognosis, drug response, and overall treatment efficacy. This article reviews novel non-targeted omics strategies that could become useful clinical tools for patients with SMA. Proteomics and metabolomics can provide insights into molecular events underlying disease progression and treatment response. High-throughput omics data have shown that untreated SMA patients have different profiles than controls. In addition, patients who clinically improved after treatment have a different profile than those who did not. These results provide a glimpse on potential markers that could assist in identifying therapy responders, in tracing the course of the disease, and in predicting its outcome. These studies have been restricted by the limited number of patients, but the approaches are feasible and can unravel severity-specific neuro-proteomic and metabolic SMA signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megi Meneri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Stroke Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Abati
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Delia Gagliardi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Faravelli
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Parente
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Milan, Italy
- Department Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Verde
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P. Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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45
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Thibonnier M, Ghosh S. Strategy for Pre-Clinical Development of Active Targeting MicroRNA Oligonucleotide Therapeutics for Unmet Medical Needs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087126. [PMID: 37108289 PMCID: PMC10138879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We present here an innovative modular and outsourced model of drug research and development for microRNA oligonucleotide therapeutics (miRNA ONTs). This model is being implemented by a biotechnology company, namely AptamiR Therapeutics, in collaboration with Centers of Excellence in Academic Institutions. Our aim is to develop safe, effective and convenient active targeting miRNA ONT agents for the metabolic pandemic of obesity and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), as well as deadly ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore and Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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46
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Valenzuela A, Ayuso M, Buyssens L, Bars C, Van Ginneken C, Tessier Y, Van Cruchten S. Platelet Activation by Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs) in the Göttingen Minipig, including an Evaluation of Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) Ontogeny. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041112. [PMID: 37111598 PMCID: PMC10143489 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) is a therapeutic modality that enables selective modulation of undruggable protein targets. However, dose- and sequence-dependent platelet count reductions have been reported in nonclinical studies and clinical trials. The adult Göttingen minipig is an acknowledged nonclinical model for ASO safety testing, and the juvenile Göttingen minipig has been recently proposed for the safety testing of pediatric medicines. This study assessed the effects of various ASO sequences and modifications on Göttingen minipig platelets using in vitro platelet activation and aggregometry assays. The underlying mechanism was investigated further to characterize this animal model for ASO safety testing. In addition, the protein abundance of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) was investigated in the adult and juvenile minipigs. Our data on direct platelet activation and aggregation by ASOs in adult minipigs are remarkably comparable to human data. Additionally, PS ASOs bind to platelet collagen receptor GPVI and directly activate minipig platelets in vitro, mirroring the findings in human blood samples. This further corroborates the use of the Göttingen minipig for ASO safety testing. Moreover, the differential abundance of GPVI and PF4 in minipigs provides insight into the influence of ontogeny in potential ASO-induced thrombocytopenia in pediatric patients.
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47
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Dindot SV, Christian S, Murphy WJ, Berent A, Panagoulias J, Schlafer A, Ballard J, Radeva K, Robinson R, Myers L, Jepp T, Shaheen H, Hillman P, Konganti K, Hillhouse A, Bredemeyer KR, Black L, Douville J. An ASO therapy for Angelman syndrome that targets an evolutionarily conserved region at the start of the UBE3A-AS transcript. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabf4077. [PMID: 36947593 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Angelman syndrome is a devastating neurogenetic disorder for which there is currently no effective treatment. It is caused by mutations or epimutations affecting the expression or function of the maternally inherited allele of the ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) gene. The paternal UBE3A allele is imprinted in neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) by the UBE3A antisense (UBE3A-AS) transcript, which represents the distal end of the small nucleolar host gene 14 (SNHG14) transcription unit. Reactivating the expression of the paternal UBE3A allele in the CNS has long been pursued as a therapeutic option for Angelman syndrome. Here, we described the development of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapy for Angelman syndrome that targets an evolutionarily conserved region demarcating the start of the UBE3A-AS transcript. We designed and chemically optimized gapmer ASOs targeting specific sequences at the start of the human UBE3A-AS transcript. We showed that ASOs targeting this region precisely and efficiently repress the transcription of UBE3A-AS, reactivating the expression of the paternal UBE3A allele in neurotypical and Angelman syndrome induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. We further showed that human-targeted ASOs administered to the CNS of cynomolgus macaques by lumbar intrathecal injection repress UBE3A-AS and reactivate the expression of the paternal UBE3A allele throughout the CNS. These findings support the advancement of this investigational molecular therapy for Angelman syndrome into clinical development (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04259281).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott V Dindot
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- GeneTx Biotherapeutics LLC, Sarasota, FL 34233, USA
- Research Department, Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Sarah Christian
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | | | - Annalise Schlafer
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Johnathan Ballard
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine (TIGM), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kamelia Radeva
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ruth Robinson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Luke Myers
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Thomas Jepp
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Hillary Shaheen
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Paul Hillman
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Texas A&M University Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (TIGSS), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Andrew Hillhouse
- Texas A&M University Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (TIGSS), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kevin R Bredemeyer
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Julie Douville
- Charles River Laboratories, Montreal, Senneville, Quebec H9X 1C1, Canada
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48
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Morini E, Chekuri A, Logan EM, Bolduc JM, Kirchner EG, Salani M, Krauson AJ, Narasimhan J, Gabbeta V, Grover S, Dakka A, Mollin A, Jung SP, Zhao X, Zhang N, Zhang S, Arnold M, Woll MG, Naryshkin NA, Weetall M, Slaugenhaupt SA. Development of an oral treatment that rescues gait ataxia and retinal degeneration in a phenotypic mouse model of familial dysautonomia. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:531-547. [PMID: 36809767 PMCID: PMC10027479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial dysautonomia (FD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by a splicing mutation in elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 1 (ELP1). This mutation leads to the skipping of exon 20 and a tissue-specific reduction of ELP1, mainly in the central and peripheral nervous systems. FD is a complex neurological disorder accompanied by severe gait ataxia and retinal degeneration. There is currently no effective treatment to restore ELP1 production in individuals with FD, and the disease is ultimately fatal. After identifying kinetin as a small molecule able to correct the ELP1 splicing defect, we worked on its optimization to generate novel splicing modulator compounds (SMCs) that can be used in individuals with FD. Here, we optimize the potency, efficacy, and bio-distribution of second-generation kinetin derivatives to develop an oral treatment for FD that can efficiently pass the blood-brain barrier and correct the ELP1 splicing defect in the nervous system. We demonstrate that the novel compound PTC258 efficiently restores correct ELP1 splicing in mouse tissues, including brain, and most importantly, prevents the progressive neuronal degeneration that is characteristic of FD. Postnatal oral administration of PTC258 to the phenotypic mouse model TgFD9;Elp1Δ20/flox increases full-length ELP1 transcript in a dose-dependent manner and leads to a 2-fold increase in functional ELP1 in the brain. Remarkably, PTC258 treatment improves survival, gait ataxia, and retinal degeneration in the phenotypic FD mice. Our findings highlight the great therapeutic potential of this novel class of small molecules as an oral treatment for FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Morini
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Anil Chekuri
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily M Logan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica M Bolduc
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily G Kirchner
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica Salani
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aram J Krauson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amal Dakka
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Anna Mollin
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | | | - Xin Zhao
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Nanjing Zhang
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Sophie Zhang
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | | | | | | | - Marla Weetall
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Susan A Slaugenhaupt
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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49
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Fellah S, Larrue R, Truchi M, Vassaux G, Mari B, Cauffiez C, Pottier N. Pervasive role of the long noncoding RNA DNM3OS in development and diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1736. [PMID: 35491542 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of unique noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are expressed in human cells, some are tissue or cell type specific whereas others are considered as house-keeping molecules. Studies over the last decade have modified our perception of ncRNAs from transcriptional noise to functional regulatory transcripts that influence a variety of molecular processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcription, post-transcriptional modifications, or signal transduction. Consequently, aberrant expression of many ncRNAs plays a causative role in the initiation and progression of various diseases. Since the identification of its developmental role, the long ncRNA DNM3OS (Dynamin 3 Opposite Strand) has attracted attention of researchers in distinct fields including oncology, fibroproliferative diseases, or bone disorders. Mechanistic studies have in particular revealed the multifaceted nature of DNM3OS and its important pathogenic role in several human disorders. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of DNM3OS functions in diseases, with an emphasis on its potential as a novel therapeutic target. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Fellah
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S 1277, Lille, France
| | - Romain Larrue
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S 1277, Lille, France
| | - Marin Truchi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Georges Vassaux
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Bernard Mari
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Christelle Cauffiez
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S 1277, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Pottier
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S 1277, Lille, France
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50
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Islam S, Mukherjee C. Molecular regulation of hypoxia through the lenses of noncoding RNAs and epitranscriptome. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1750. [PMID: 35785444 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cells maintain homeostasis in response to environmental stress through specific cell stress responses. Hypoxic stress, well known to be associated with diverse solid tumors, is one of the main reasons for cancer-related mortality. Although cells can balance themselves well during hypoxic stress, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. The enhanced appreciation of diverse roles played by noncoding transcriptome and epigenome in recent years has brought to light the involvement of noncoding RNAs and epigenetic modifiers in hypoxic regulation. The emergence of techniques like deep sequencing has facilitated the identification of large numbers of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are differentially regulated in various cancers. Similarly, proteomic studies have identified diverse epigenetic modifiers such as HATs, HDACs, DNMTs, polycomb groups of proteins, and their possible roles in the regulation of hypoxia. The crosstalk between lncRNAs and epigenetic modifiers play a pivotal role in hypoxia-induced cancer initiation and progression. Besides the lncRNAs, several other noncoding RNAs like circular RNAs, miRNAs, and so forth are also expressed during hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia has a profound effect on the expression of noncoding RNAs and epigenetic modifiers. Conversely, noncoding RNAs/epigenetic modifies can regulate the hypoxia signaling axis by modulating the stability of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). The focus of this review is to illustrate the molecular orchestration underlying hypoxia biology, especially in cancers, which can help in identifying promising therapeutic targets in hypoxia-induced cancers. This article is categorized under: RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safirul Islam
- Institute of Health Sciences (erstwhile School of Biotechnology), Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandrama Mukherjee
- Institute of Health Sciences (erstwhile School of Biotechnology), Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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