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Wu B, Liu Y, Li H, Zhu L, Zeng L, Zhang Z, Peng W. Liver as a new target organ in Alzheimer's disease: insight from cholesterol metabolism and its role in amyloid-beta clearance. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:695-714. [PMID: 38886936 PMCID: PMC11433892 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the primary cause of dementia, is characterized by neuropathologies, such as amyloid plaques, synaptic and neuronal degeneration, and neurofibrillary tangles. Although amyloid plaques are the primary characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in the central nervous system and peripheral organs, targeting amyloid-beta clearance in the central nervous system has shown limited clinical efficacy in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Metabolic abnormalities are commonly observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The liver is the primary peripheral organ involved in amyloid-beta metabolism, playing a crucial role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Notably, impaired cholesterol metabolism in the liver may exacerbate the development of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we explore the underlying causes of Alzheimer's disease and elucidate the role of the liver in amyloid-beta clearance and cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, we propose that restoring normal cholesterol metabolism in the liver could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Yangsheng College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Qinhuangdao Shanhaiguan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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2
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Wei L, Wu H, Wang X, Wen L, Cui B, Cheng Y. Comprehensive review of plant-derived anti-hyperlipidemia peptides: Production, anti-hyperlipidemia mechanism, and structure-activity relationship study. Food Chem 2024; 461:140715. [PMID: 39178542 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, an elevated level of cholesterol and/or triglycerides, has become a major public health problem worldwide. Although drugs intervention is effective in treating hyperlipidemia, most of them have adverse side effects. Peptides from natural plants with high anti-hyperlipidemic activity and a strong safety profile have emerged as promising candidates to prevent and ameliorate hyperlipidemia. This review summarizes the recent advances in plant-derived anti-hyperlipidemic peptides in terms of their sources, production, purification, identification, and activity evaluation. The focus is extended to their potential anti-hyperlipidemic mechanisms and structure-function relationships. Bioactive peptides derived from various plant sources, especially peptides containing hydrophobic and/or acidic amino acids, have shown remarkable effects in hyperlipidemic treatment. Their anti-hyperlipidemic effects are mediated by various mechanisms, including regulation of cholesterol metabolism and triglyceride metabolism, inhibition of inflammation-related metabolic syndrome, and modulation of the gut microbiota. Further evaluation of the stability, bioavailability, and clinical efficacy of these peptides is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Wei
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China
| | - Xufeng Wang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China
| | - Li Wen
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China
| | - Bo Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Yunhui Cheng
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Liu W, Li G, Wu C, Yan J, Feng D, Yuan S, Zhang R, Lou H, Peng X. Novel polyketide from Fusarium verticillioide G102 as NPC1L1 inhibitors. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2957-2963. [PMID: 37074061 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2201885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
One novel polyketide, fusaritide A (1), was isolated from a marine fish-derived halotolerant fungal strain Fusarium verticillioide G102. The structure was determined through extensive spectroscopic analysis and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Fusaritide A (1) with unprecedented structure reduced cholesterol uptake by inhibiting Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzheng Wu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangzhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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4
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Aguchem RN, Okagu IU, Okorigwe EM, Uzoechina JO, Nnemolisa SC, Ezeorba TPC. Role of CETP, PCSK-9, and CYP7-alpha in cholesterol metabolism: Potential targets for natural products in managing hypercholesterolemia. Life Sci 2024; 351:122823. [PMID: 38866219 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, primarily affecting the heart and blood vessels, with atherosclerosis being a major contributing factor to their onset. Epidemiological and clinical studies have linked high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) emanating from distorted cholesterol homeostasis as its major predisposing factor. Cholesterol homeostasis, which involves maintaining the balance in body cholesterol level, is mediated by several proteins or receptors, transcription factors, and even genes, regulating cholesterol influx (through dietary intake or de novo synthesis) and efflux (by their conversion to bile acids). Previous knowledge about CVDs management has evolved around modulating these receptors' activities through synthetic small molecules/antibodies, with limited interest in natural products. The central roles of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1), among other proteins or receptors, have fostered growing scientific interests in understanding more on their regulatory activities and potential as drug targets. We present up-to-date knowledge on the contributions of CETP, PCSK9, and CYP7A1 toward CVDs, highlighting the clinical successes and failures of small molecules/antibodies to modulate their activities. In recommendation for a new direction to improve cardiovascular health, we have presented recent findings on natural products (including functional food, plant extracts, phytochemicals, bioactive peptides, and therapeutic carbohydrates) that also modulate the activities of CETP, PCSK-9, and CYP7A1, and emphasized the need for more research efforts redirected toward unraveling more on natural products potentials even at clinical trial level for CVD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ngozi Aguchem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
| | - Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
| | - Ekezie Matthew Okorigwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 46556 Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Jude Obiorah Uzoechina
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, PR China
| | | | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Health and Risk Management, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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5
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Somabattini RA, Sherin S, Siva B, Chowdhury N, Nanjappan SK. Unravelling the complexities of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: The role of metabolism, transporters, and herb-drug interactions. Life Sci 2024; 351:122806. [PMID: 38852799 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a mainstream halting liver disease with high prevalence in North America, Europe, and other world regions. It is an advanced form of NAFLD caused by the amassing of fat in the liver and can progress to the more severe form known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Until recently, there was no authorized pharmacotherapy reported for NASH, and to improve the patient's metabolic syndrome, the focus is mainly on lifestyle modification, weight loss, ensuring a healthy diet, and increased physical activity; however, the recent approval of Rezdiffra (Resmetirom) by the US FDA may change this narrative. As per the reported studies, there is an increased articulation of uptake and efflux transporters of the liver, including OATP and MRP, in NASH, leading to changes in the drug's pharmacokinetic properties. This increase leads to alterations in the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Furthermore, modifications in Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can have a significant impact on these properties. Xenobiotics are metabolized primarily in the liver and constitute liver enzymes and transporters. This review aims to delve into the role of metabolism, transport, and potential herb-drug interactions in the context of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Adinarayan Somabattini
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Sahla Sherin
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhukya Siva
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Neelanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Nanjappan
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
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6
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Lee K, Kim HJ, Kim JY, Shim JJ, Lee JH. A Mixture of Lactobacillus HY7601 and KY1032 Regulates Energy Metabolism in Adipose Tissue and Improves Cholesterol Disposal in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:2570. [PMID: 39125449 PMCID: PMC11314552 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to characterize the anti-obesity and anti-atherosclerosis effects of Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 using high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese C57BL/6 mice. We divided the mice into control (CON), HFD, HFD with 108 CFU/kg/day probiotics (HFD + KL, HY7301:KY1032 = 1:1), and HFD with 109 CFU/kg/day probiotics (HFD + KH, HY7301:KY1032 = 1:1) groups and fed/treated them during 7 weeks. The body mass, brown adipose tissue (BAT), inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) masses and the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were remarkably lower in probiotic-treated groups than in the HFD group in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the expression of uncoupling protein 1 in the BAT, iWAT, and eWAT was significantly higher in probiotic-treated HFD mice than in the HFD mice, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. We also measured the expression of cholesterol transport genes in the liver and jejunum and found that the expression of those encoding liver-X-receptor α, ATP-binding cassette transporters G5 and G8, and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase were significantly higher in the HFD + KH mice than in the HFD mice. Thus, a Lactobacillus HY7601 and KY1032 mixture with 109 CFU/kg/day concentration can assist with body weight regulation through the management of lipid metabolism and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joo-Yun Kim
- R&BD Center, Hy Co., Ltd., 22 Giheungdanji-ro 24 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (K.L.); (H.-J.K.); (J.-J.S.); (J.-H.L.)
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7
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Kim JW, Kim YJ. Cholesin and GPR146 in Modulating Cholesterol Biosynthesis. Pharmacology 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39008961 DOI: 10.1159/000540351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol homeostasis in the human body is a crucial process that involves a delicate balance between dietary cholesterol absorption in the intestine and de novo cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Both pathways contribute significantly to the overall pool of cholesterol in the body, influencing plasma cholesterol levels and impacting cardiovascular health. Elevated absorption of cholesterol in the intestines has a suppressive impact on the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver, serving to preserve cholesterol balance. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms driving this phenomenon remain largely unclear. SUMMARY This review aimed to discuss the previously unrecognized role of cholesin and GPR146 in the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis, providing a novel conceptual framework for understanding cholesterol homeostasis. KEY MESSAGES The discovery of cholesin, a novel protein implicated in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, represents a significant advancement in our understanding of cholesterol biosynthesis and its associated pathways. The cholesin-GPR146 axis could have profound implications across various therapeutic areas concerning abnormal cholesterol metabolism, offering new hope for patients and improving overall healthcare outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Won Kim
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu Ji Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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8
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Butt E, Günder T, Stürzebecher P, Kowalski I, Schneider P, Buschmann N, Schäfer S, Bender A, Hermanns HM, Zernecke A. Cholesterol uptake in the intestine is regulated by the LASP1-AKT-NPC1L1 signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 327:G25-G35. [PMID: 38713618 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00222.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for the stability and architecture of the plasma membrane and a precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones in mammals. Excess dietary cholesterol uptake leads to hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis and plays a role in cancer development. The role of actin-binding scaffolding protein LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) in cholesterol trafficking has not been investigated previously. Cholesterol levels, its uptake, and excretion were studied in mice deficient for low-density lipoprotein receptor and Lasp1 (Ldlr-/-Lasp1-/- mice) upon feeding a high-fat diet, and in LASP1-knockdown, differentiated human intestinal epithelial CaCo-2 cells. When compared with diet-fed Ldlr-/- control mice, Ldlr-/-Lasp1-/- mice displayed a reduction in serum cholesterol levels. Mechanistically, we identified a new role of LASP1 in controlling the translocation of the intestinal cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) to the apical cell surface, which was limited in LASP1-knockdown human CaCo-2 enterocytes and in the intestine of Ldlr-/- Lasp1-/- compared with Ldlr-/- mice, linked to LASP1-pAKT signaling but not CDC42 activation. In line, a reduction in cholesterol reabsorption was noted in LASP1-knockdown CaCo-2 cells in vitro, and an enhanced cholesterol excretion via the feces was observed in Ldlr-/- Lasp1-/- mice. These data uncover a novel function of Lasp1 in cholesterol trafficking, promoting cholesterol reabsorption in the intestine. Targeting LASP1 locally could thus represent a novel targeting strategy to ameliorate hypercholesterolemia and associated diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We here uncovered LASP1 as a novel regulator of the shuttling of the sterol transporter NPC1L1 to the cell surface in enterocytes to control cholesterol absorption. Accordingly, LASP1-deficient mice displayed lowered serum cholesterol levels under dietary cholesterol supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Butt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Günder
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Stürzebecher
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Kowalski
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pia Schneider
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nils Buschmann
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Schäfer
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alicia Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike M Hermanns
- Division of Hepatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Kamonsuwan K, Balmori V, Marnpae M, Chusak C, Thilavech T, Charoensiddhi S, Smid S, Adisakwattana S. Black Goji Berry ( Lycium ruthenicum) Juice Fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Enhances Inhibitory Activity against Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV and Key Steps of Lipid Digestion and Absorption. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:740. [PMID: 38929180 PMCID: PMC11200685 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With the global increase in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, there is an urgent need to explore dietary interventions targeting the inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and lipid digestion and absorption. This study investigated how Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) affects various aspects of black goji berry (BGB) (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.) juice, including changes in physicochemical and functional properties, as well as microbiological and sensory attributes. Throughout the fermentation process with 2.5-10% (w/v) BGB, significantly improved probiotic viability, lactic acid production, and decreased sugar content. While total flavonoids increase, anthocyanins decrease, with no discernible change in antioxidant activities. Metabolite profiling reveals elevated phenolic compounds post-fermentation. Regarding the inhibition of lipid digestion and absorption, fermented BGB exhibits improved bile acid binding, and disrupted cholesterol micellization by approximately threefold compared to non-fermented BGB, while also increasing pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, a decrease in cholesterol uptake was observed in Caco-2 cells treated with fermented BGB (0.5 mg/mL), with a maximum reduction of 16.94%. Fermented BGB also shows more potent DPP-IV inhibition. Sensory attributes are significantly improved in fermented BGB samples. These findings highlight the potential of BGB as a bioactive resource and a promising non-dairy carrier for LGG, enhancing its anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritmongkhon Kamonsuwan
- Center of Excellence in Phytochemical and Functional Food for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.K.); (C.C.)
| | - Vernabelle Balmori
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Southern Leyte State University, Sogod 6606, Philippines;
| | - Marisa Marnpae
- The Halal Science Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Charoonsri Chusak
- Center of Excellence in Phytochemical and Functional Food for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.K.); (C.C.)
| | - Thavaree Thilavech
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Suvimol Charoensiddhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Scott Smid
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia;
| | - Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Center of Excellence in Phytochemical and Functional Food for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.K.); (C.C.)
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10
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Deng Y, Wang J, Wang R, Wang Y, Shu X, Wang P, Chen C, Zhang F. Limosilactobacillus fermentum TY-S11 ameliorates hypercholesterolemia via promoting cholesterol excretion and regulating gut microbiota in high-cholesterol diet-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32059. [PMID: 38882320 PMCID: PMC11180314 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated cholesterol level in the blood, which is a risk factor for many diseases. Probiotic intervention may be one of the ways to improve hypercholesterolemia. In this study, three strains with better cholesterol removal ability were selected from 60 strains of lactic acid bacteria, and were orally administered to apolipoprotein E-deficient mice on a high-cholesterol diet. Among the three strains, only Limosilactobacillus fermentum TY-S11, which was isolated from the intestine of a longevity person, significantly improved serum and liver lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic mice. Further study found that L. fermentum TY-S11 promoted the excretion of cholesterol in the feces and inhibited the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine. As for gut microbiota, the results showed that L. fermentum TY-S11 not only prevented the reduction of diversity caused by high-cholesterol diet, but also increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids in feces. These results confirmed the ameliorative effect of L. fermentum TY-S11 on hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Conservation, Exploration and Utilization of Southwest Characteristic Bacterial Germplasm Resources, Chongqing Tianyou Dairy Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation, Exploration and Utilization of Southwest Characteristic Bacterial Germplasm Resources, Chongqing Tianyou Dairy Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation, Exploration and Utilization of Southwest Characteristic Bacterial Germplasm Resources, Chongqing Tianyou Dairy Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Xi Shu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation, Exploration and Utilization of Southwest Characteristic Bacterial Germplasm Resources, Chongqing Tianyou Dairy Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Conservation, Exploration and Utilization of Southwest Characteristic Bacterial Germplasm Resources, Chongqing Tianyou Dairy Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation, Exploration and Utilization of Southwest Characteristic Bacterial Germplasm Resources, Chongqing Tianyou Dairy Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401120, China
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11
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Giordano MV, Crisi PE, Gramenzi A, Cattaneo D, Corna L, Sung CH, Tolbert KM, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS, Boari A. Fecal microbiota and concentrations of long-chain fatty acids, sterols, and unconjugated bile acids in cats with chronic enteropathy. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1401592. [PMID: 38933703 PMCID: PMC11199873 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1401592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline chronic enteropathies (FCE) are common causes of chronic gastrointestinal signs in cats and include different diseases such as food-responsive enteropathy (FRE), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma (LGITL). Although changes in intestinal microbiota and fecal metabolites have been reported in dogs and humans with chronic enteropathy, research in cats has been limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the fecal microbiota and lipid-related fecal metabolites in cats with FCE to a clinically healthy comparison group (CG). A total of 34 cats with FCE (13 FRE, 15 IBD, and 6 LGITL) and 27 cats in the CG were enrolled in this study. The fecal microbiota was evaluated by the qPCR-based feline Dysbiosis Index (DI). The feline DI in cats with CE (median: 1.3, range: -2.4 to 3.8) was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) compared to CG (median: - 2.3, Range: -4.3 to 2.3), with no difference found among the FCE subgroups. The fecal abundances of Faecalibacterium (p < 0.0001), Bacteroides (p < 0.0001), Fusobacterium (p = 0.0398), Bifidobacterium (p = 0.0004), and total bacteria (p = 0.0337) significantly decreased in cats with FCE. Twenty-seven targeted metabolites were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, including long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), sterols, and bile acids (BAs). Fecal concentrations of 5 of 12 LCFAs were significantly increased in cats with FCE compared to CG. Fecal concentrations of zoosterol (p = 0.0109), such as cholesterol (p < 0.001) were also significantly increased in cats with FCE, but those of phytosterols were significantly decreased in this group. No differences in fecal BAs were found between the groups. Although no differences were found between the four groups, the fecal metabolomic pattern of cats with FRE was more similar to that of the CG than to those with IBD or LGITL. This could be explained by the mild changes associated with FRE compared to IBD and LGITL. The study showed changes in intestinal microbiota and alteration of fecal metabolites in FCE cats compared to the CG. Changes in fecal lipids metabolites suggest a dysmetabolism of lipids, including LCFAs, sterols, and unconjugated BAs in cats with CE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Emidio Crisi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piano D’Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gramenzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piano D’Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Luca Corna
- Endovet Professional Association, Rome, Italy
| | - Chi-Hsuan Sung
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Katherine M. Tolbert
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Joerg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Andrea Boari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piano D’Accio, Teramo, Italy
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12
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Dai H, Hariwitonang J, Fujiyama N, Moriguchi C, Hirano Y, Ebara F, Inaba S, Kondo F, Kitagaki H. A Decrease in the Hardness of Feces with Added Glucosylceramide Extracted from Koji In Vitro-A Working Hypothesis of Health Benefits of Dietary Glucosylceramide. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:739. [PMID: 38929722 PMCID: PMC11204706 DOI: 10.3390/life14060739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin barrier function, prevent colon cancer, head and neck cancer, and decrease liver cholesterol. However, the mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we propose a new working hypothesis regarding the health benefits and functions of glucosylceramide: decreased fecal hardness. This hypothesis was verified using an in vitro hardness test. The hardness of feces supplemented with glucosylceramide was significantly lower than that of the control. Based on these results, a new working hypothesis of dietary glucosylceramide was conceived: glucosylceramide passes through the small intestine, interacts with intestinal bacteria, increases the tolerance of these bacteria toward secondary bile acids, and decreases the hardness of feces, and these factors synergistically result in in vivo effects. This hypothesis forms the basis for further studies on the health benefits and functions of dietary glucosylceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanghuang Dai
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan; (H.D.); (F.E.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
| | - Johan Hariwitonang
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences, Saga University, 1, Honjo-cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan; (J.H.); (C.M.)
| | - Nao Fujiyama
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences, Saga University, 1, Honjo-cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan; (J.H.); (C.M.)
| | - Chihiro Moriguchi
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences, Saga University, 1, Honjo-cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan; (J.H.); (C.M.)
| | - Yuto Hirano
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences, Saga University, 1, Honjo-cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan; (J.H.); (C.M.)
| | - Fumio Ebara
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan; (H.D.); (F.E.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1, Honjo-Cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan
| | - Shigeki Inaba
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan; (H.D.); (F.E.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1, Honjo-Cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Kondo
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan; (H.D.); (F.E.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1, Honjo-Cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan; (H.D.); (F.E.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1, Honjo-Cho, Saga City 840-8502, Saga, Japan
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13
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Shi L, Liu X, Li E, Zhang S, Zhou A. Association of lipid-lowering drugs with gut microbiota: A Mendelian randomization study. J Clin Lipidol 2024:S1933-2874(24)00187-9. [PMID: 38971663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota can be influenced by lipid metabolism. We aimed to evaluate the impact of lipid-lowering medications, such as proproteinconvertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, Niemann-Pick C1-like protein (NPC1L1) inhibitors, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, on gut microbiota through drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) investigation. METHODS We used genetic variants that were associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in genome-wide association studies and located within or near drug target genes as proxies for lipid-lowering drug exposure. In addition, expression trait loci in drug target genes were used as complementary genetic tools. We used effect estimates calculated using inverse variance weighted MR (IVW-MR) and summary data-based MR (SMR). Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS Genetic proxies for lipid-lowering drugs broadly affected the abundance of gut microbiota. High expression of NPC1L1 was significantly associated with an increase in the genus Eggerthella (β = 1.357, SE = 0.337, P = 5.615 × 10-5). An HMGCR-mediated increase in LDL-C was significantly associated with the order Pasteurellales (β = 0.489, SE = 0.123, P = 6.955 × 10-5) and the genus Haemophilus (β = 0.491, SE = 0.125, P = 8.379 × 10-5), whereas a PCSK9-mediated increase in LDL-C was associated with the genus Terrisporobacter (β = 0.666, SE = 0.127, P = 1.649 × 10-5). No pleiotropy was detected. CONCLUSIONS This drug target MR highlighted the potential interventional effects of lipid-lowering drugs on the gut microbiota and separately revealed the possible effects of different types of lipid-lowering drugs on specific gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubo Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, PR China (Drs Shi, Zhang, Zhou)
| | - Xiaoduo Liu
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders , Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, PR China (Dr Liu)
| | - Enze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China (Dr Li)
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, PR China (Drs Shi, Zhang, Zhou).
| | - Anni Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, PR China (Drs Shi, Zhang, Zhou).
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14
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Jiang Y, Pang S, Liu X, Wang L, Liu Y. The Gut Microbiome Affects Atherosclerosis by Regulating Reverse Cholesterol Transport. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:624-637. [PMID: 38231373 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The human system's secret organ, the gut microbiome, has received considerable attention. Emerging research has yielded substantial scientific evidence indicating that changes in gut microbial composition and microbial metabolites may contribute to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The burden of cardiovascular disease on healthcare systems is exacerbated by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which continues to be the leading cause of mortality globally. Reverse cholesterol transport is a powerful protective mechanism that effectively prevents excessive accumulation of cholesterol for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It has been revealed how the gut microbiota modulates reverse cholesterol transport in patients with atherosclerotic risk. In this review, we highlight the complex interactions between microbes, their metabolites, and their potential impacts in reverse cholesterol transport. We also explore the feasibility of modulating gut microbes and metabolites to facilitate reverse cholesterol transport as a novel therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jiang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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15
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Roosta S, Ghasemi F, Mokhayeri Y, Choobkar S, Nikbakht MR, Falahi E. Effects of Satureja Khuzestanica supplementation on glycemic indices and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized controlled clinical-trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:201. [PMID: 38778308 PMCID: PMC11110332 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies showed the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Satureja Khuzestanica (SK) in animal models. This study aimed to determine the effect of SK supplementation on glycemic and lipid outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS The study was designed as a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial using block randomization. Seventy-eight T2DM patients were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 39) or placebo (n = 39) groups. They received SK or placebo in 500 mg capsules daily for 12 weeks. Anthropometric, blood pressure, liver enzymes, glycemic, and lipid outcomes were measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS At baseline, there were no significant differences in age, sex, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels between the groups. SK supplementation led to a significant decrease in FBS (-12.6 ± 20.7 mg/dl in the intervention group versus 3.5 ± 31.9 mg/dl; p = 0.007), HbA1c (-0.28 ± 0.45 in the intervention group versus 0.11 ± 0.54% in the placebo group; p = < 0.001), insulin (-1.65 ± 6.18 in the intervention group versus 2.09 ± 5.90 mIU/L in the placebo group; p = 0.03), total cholesterol (-14.6 ± 21.1 mg/dl in the intervention group versus 8.2 ± 30.9 mg/dl in the placebo group; p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (-4.6 ± 15.2 mg/dl in the intervention group versus 5.8 ± 14.6 mg/dl in placebo group; p < 0.001) levels, and significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (3.9 ± 4.9 mg/dl in the intervention group versus 0.9 ± 5.2 mg/dl in placebo group; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Based on the study results, SK supplementation may improve glycemic indices and lipid profile of patients with T2DM. Our findings may provide novel complementary treatments without adverse effects for diabetes complications. These results need to be further confirmed in clinical trials. REGISTRATION This trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT ID: IRCT20190715044214N1, registration date: 21/02/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Roosta
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Yaser Mokhayeri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Saeed Choobkar
- School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nikbakht
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Falahi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 6819789741, Khorramabad, Iran.
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16
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Kang N, Ji Z, Li Y, Gao J, Wu X, Zhang X, Duan Q, Zhu C, Xu Y, Wen L, Shi X, Liu W. Metabolite-derived damage-associated molecular patterns in immunological diseases. FEBS J 2024; 291:2051-2067. [PMID: 37432883 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are typically derived from the endogenous elements of necrosis cells and can trigger inflammatory responses by activating DAMPs-sensing receptors on immune cells. Failure to clear DAMPs may lead to persistent inflammation, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of immunological diseases. This review focuses on a newly recognized class of DAMPs derived from lipid, glucose, nucleotide, and amino acid metabolic pathways, which are then termed as metabolite-derived DAMPs. This review summarizes the reported molecular mechanisms of these metabolite-derived DAMPs in exacerbating inflammation responses, which may attribute to the pathology of certain types of immunological diseases. Additionally, this review also highlights both direct and indirect clinical interventions that have been explored to mitigate the pathological effects of these DAMPs. By summarizing our current understanding of metabolite-derived DAMPs, this review aims to inspire future thoughts and endeavors on targeted medicinal interventions and the development of therapies for immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfeng Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medical of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Can Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medical of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medical of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Braun TS, Drobner T, Kipp K, Kiehntopf M, Schlattmann P, Lorkowski S, Dawczynski C. Validation of Nutritional Approaches to Modulate Cardiovascular and Diabetic Risk Factors in Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia or Prediabetes-The MoKaRi II Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1261. [PMID: 38732508 PMCID: PMC11085300 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus type 2 are among the most important metabolic diseases globally. Diet plays a vital role in the development and progression of both clinical pictures. For the 10-week randomized, controlled, intervention study, 67 subjects with elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations (≥1.7 mmol/L) and 69 subjects with elevated fasting glucose concentrations (≥5.6 < 7.0 mmol/L) were recruited. The intervention groups received specially developed, individualized menu plans and regular counseling sessions to lower (A) TG or (B) fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c as well as other cardiovascular and diabetic risk factors. The hypertriglyceridemia intervention group was further supplemented with fish oil (3.5 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid). The two control groups maintained a typical Western diet. Blood samples were taken every 2 weeks, and anthropometric data were collected. A follow-up examination was conducted after another 10 weeks. In both intervention groups, there were comparable significant reductions in blood lipids, glucose metabolism, and anthropometric parameters. These results were, with a few exceptions, significantly more pronounced in the intervention groups than in the corresponding control groups (comparison of percentage change from baseline). In particular, body weight was reduced by 7.4% (6.4 kg) and 7.5% (5.9 kg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations by 19.8% (0.8 mmol/L) and 13.0% (0.5 mmol/L), TG concentrations by 18.2% (0.3 mmol/L) and 13.0% (0.2 mmol/L), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance by 31.8% (1.1) and 26.4% (0.9) (p < 0.05) in the hypertriglyceridemia and prediabetes intervention groups, respectively. Some of these changes were maintained until follow-up. In patients with elevated TG or fasting glucose, implementing individualized menu plans in combination with regular counseling sessions over 10 weeks led to a significant improvement in cardiovascular and diabetic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa S. Braun
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.S.B.); (T.D.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Timo Drobner
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.S.B.); (T.D.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Kristin Kipp
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Sophien- and Hufeland Hospital, Henry-van-de-Velde-Str. 1, 99425 Weimar, Germany;
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, University Hospital Jena, Bachstraße 18, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Dawczynski
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.S.B.); (T.D.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.S.); (S.L.)
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18
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Griffiths JA, Yoo BB, Thuy-Boun P, Cantu VJ, Weldon KC, Challis C, Sweredoski MJ, Chan KY, Thron TM, Sharon G, Moradian A, Humphrey G, Zhu Q, Shaffer JP, Wolan DW, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Gradinaru V, Mazmanian SK. Peripheral neuronal activation shapes the microbiome and alters gut physiology. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113953. [PMID: 38517896 PMCID: PMC11132177 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is innervated by intrinsic neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and extrinsic neurons of the central nervous system and peripheral ganglia. The GI tract also harbors a diverse microbiome, but interactions between the ENS and the microbiome remain poorly understood. Here, we activate choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-expressing or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-expressing gut-associated neurons in mice to determine effects on intestinal microbial communities and their metabolites as well as on host physiology. The resulting multi-omics datasets support broad roles for discrete peripheral neuronal subtypes in shaping microbiome structure, including modulating bile acid profiles and fungal colonization. Physiologically, activation of either ChAT+ or TH+ neurons increases fecal output, while only ChAT+ activation results in increased colonic contractility and diarrhea-like fluid secretion. These findings suggest that specific subsets of peripherally activated neurons differentially regulate the gut microbiome and GI physiology in mice without involvement of signals from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Griffiths
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Bryan B Yoo
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Peter Thuy-Boun
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Victor J Cantu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelly C Weldon
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; UCSD Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Collin Challis
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Michael J Sweredoski
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ken Y Chan
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Taren M Thron
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Gil Sharon
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Annie Moradian
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Gregory Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Justin P Shaffer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dennis W Wolan
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; UCSD Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; UCSD Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Sarkis K Mazmanian
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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19
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André R, Pacheco R, Santos HM, Serralheiro ML. Exploring the Hypocholesterolemic Potential of a Fucus vesiculosus Extract: Omic Insights into Molecular Mechanisms at the Intestinal Level. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:187. [PMID: 38667804 PMCID: PMC11050770 DOI: 10.3390/md22040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High blood cholesterol levels are a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. A purified aqueous extract of Fucus vesiculosus, rich in phlorotannins and peptides, has been described for its potential to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and intestinal absorption. In this work, the effect of this extract on intestinal cells' metabolites and proteins was analysed to gain a deeper understanding of its mode of action on lipids' metabolism, particularly concerning the absorption and transport of exogenous cholesterol. Caco-2 cells, differentiated into enterocytes, were exposed to the extract, and analysed by untargeted metabolomics and proteomics. The results of the metabolomic analysis showed statistically significant differences in glutathione content of cells exposed to the extract compared to control cells, along with an increased expression of fatty acid amides in exposed cells. A proteomic analysis showed an increased expression in cells exposed to the extract compared to control cells of FAB1 and NPC1, proteins known to be involved in lipid metabolism and transport. To the extent of our knowledge, this study is the first use of untargeted metabolomics and a proteomic analysis to investigate the effects of F. vesiculosus on differentiated Caco-2 cells, offering insights into the molecular mechanism of the extract's compounds on intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca André
- CBIOS—Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Pacheco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ISEL—Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo M. Santos
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Madan Park, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria Luísa Serralheiro
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8 bldg, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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20
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Euler G, Parahuleva M. Monocytic microRNAs-Novel targets in atherosclerosis therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38575391 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic proinflammatory disease of the vascular wall resulting in narrowing of arteries due to plaque formation, thereby causing reduced blood supply that is the leading cause for diverse end-organ damage with high mortality rates. Monocytes/macrophages, activated by elevated circulating lipoproteins, are significantly involved in the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques. The imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages, arising from dysregulated macrophage polarization, appears to be a driving force in this process. Proatherosclerotic processes acting on monocytes/macrophages include accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages leading to foam cell formation, as well as dysfunctional efferocytosis, all of which contribute to the formation of unstable plaques. In recent years, microRNAs (miRs) were identified as factors that could modulate monocyte/macrophage function and may therefore interfere with the atherosclerotic process. In this review, we present effects of monocyte/macrophage-derived miRs on atherosclerotic processes in order to reveal new treatment options using miRmimics or antagomiRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Euler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mariana Parahuleva
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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21
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Hu X, Chen F, Jia L, Long A, Peng Y, Li X, Huang J, Wei X, Fang X, Gao Z, Zhang M, Liu X, Chen YG, Wang Y, Zhang H, Wang Y. A gut-derived hormone regulates cholesterol metabolism. Cell 2024; 187:1685-1700.e18. [PMID: 38503280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The reciprocal coordination between cholesterol absorption in the intestine and de novo cholesterol synthesis in the liver is essential for maintaining cholesterol homeostasis, yet the mechanisms governing the opposing regulation of these processes remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a hormone, Cholesin, which is capable of inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver, leading to a reduction in circulating cholesterol levels. Cholesin is encoded by a gene with a previously unknown function (C7orf50 in humans; 3110082I17Rik in mice). It is secreted from the intestine in response to cholesterol absorption and binds to GPR146, an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, exerting antagonistic downstream effects by inhibiting PKA signaling and thereby suppressing SREBP2-controlled cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Therefore, our results demonstrate that the Cholesin-GPR146 axis mediates the inhibitory effect of intestinal cholesterol absorption on hepatic cholesterol synthesis. This discovered hormone, Cholesin, holds promise as an effective agent in combating hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fengyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liangjie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aijun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junfeng Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xueyun Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xinlei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zihua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China; School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yiguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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22
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Kharve K, Engley AS, Paine MF, Sprowl JA. Impact of Drug-Mediated Inhibition of Intestinal Transporters on Nutrient and Endogenous Substrate Disposition…an Afterthought? Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:447. [PMID: 38675109 PMCID: PMC11053474 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A large percentage (~60%) of prescription drugs and new molecular entities are designed for oral delivery, which requires passage through a semi-impervious membrane bilayer in the gastrointestinal wall. Passage through this bilayer can be dependent on membrane transporters that regulate the absorption of nutrients or endogenous substrates. Several investigations have provided links between nutrient, endogenous substrate, or drug absorption and the activity of certain membrane transporters. This knowledge has been key in the development of new therapeutics that can alleviate various symptoms of select diseases, such as cholestasis and diabetes. Despite this progress, recent studies revealed potential clinical dangers of unintended altered nutrient or endogenous substrate disposition due to the drug-mediated disruption of intestinal transport activity. This review outlines reports of glucose, folate, thiamine, lactate, and bile acid (re)absorption changes and consequent adverse events as examples. Finally, the need to comprehensively expand research on intestinal transporter-mediated drug interactions to avoid the unwanted disruption of homeostasis and diminish therapeutic adverse events is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitee Kharve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
| | - Andrew S. Engley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (A.S.E.); (M.F.P.)
| | - Mary F. Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (A.S.E.); (M.F.P.)
| | - Jason A. Sprowl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
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23
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Zhang C, Dai W, Yang S, Wu S, Kong J. Resistance to Cholesterol Gallstone Disease: Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:912-923. [PMID: 37668355 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD) is one of the most common digestive diseases, and it is closely associated with hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Cholesterol gallstones may be caused by abnormal hepatic cholesterol metabolism, such as excessive cholesterol biosynthesis within the liver, interfering with the uptake or export of cholesterol in the liver, and abnormal hepatic cholesterol esterification. In this review, we begin with a brief overview of the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gallstone disease (GSD). Then, we briefly describe the major processes of hepatic cholesterol metabolism and summarize the key molecular expression changes of hepatic cholesterol metabolism in patients with gallstones. We review and analyze the recent advances in elucidating the relationships between these key molecules and CGD, and some targets significantly impacting on CGD via hepatic cholesterol metabolism are also listed. We also provide a significant discussion on the relationship between CGD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Finally, the new discoveries of some therapeutic strategies associated with hepatic cholesterol metabolism to prevent and treat CGD are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhang
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Wanlin Dai
- Innovation Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P.R. China
| | - Shaojie Yang
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Shuodong Wu
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jing Kong
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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24
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Li J, Li J, Lin C, Zhou J, Wang J, Wang F, Li H, Zhou Z. Genetically proxied PCSK9 inhibition is associated with reduced psoriatic arthritis risk. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:475-484. [PMID: 38341813 PMCID: PMC10894168 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid pathways play a crucial role in psoriatic arthritis development, and some lipid-lowering drugs are believed to have therapeutic benefits due to their anti-inflammatory properties. Traditional observational studies face issues with confounding factors, complicating the interpretation of causality. This study seeks to determine the genetic link between these medications and the risk of psoriatic arthritis. METHODS This drug target study utilized the Mendelian randomization strategy. We harnessed high-quality data from population-level genome-wide association studies sourced from the UK Biobank and FinnGen databases. The inverse variance-weighted method, complemented by robust pleiotropy methods, was employed. We examined the causal relationships between three lipid-lowering agents and psoriatic arthritis to unveil the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS A significant association was observed between genetically represented proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition and a decreased risk of psoriatic arthritis (odds ratio [OR]: 0.51; 95% CI 0.14-0.88; P < 0.01). This association was further corroborated in an independent dataset (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.25-0.94; P = 0.03). Sensitivity analyses affirmed the absence of statistical evidence for pleiotropic or genetic confounding biases. However, no substantial associations were identified for either 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors or Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS This Mendelian randomization analysis underscores the pivotal role of PCSK9 in the etiology of psoriatic arthritis. Inhibition of PCSK9 is associated with reduced psoriatic arthritis risk, highlighting the potential therapeutic benefits of existing PCSK9 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Li
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Guangming District, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Guangming District, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Chengkai Lin
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Guangming District, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Guangming District, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Fuan Wang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Guangming District, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Haizhen Li
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Guangming District, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Guangming District, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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25
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Kaul R, Paul P, Harfouche M, Saliba R, Chaari A. Microbiome-modulating nutraceuticals ameliorate dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of clinical trials. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3675. [PMID: 37381688 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 Diabetes is intrinsically linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) via diabetic dyslipidemia, both of which remain global health concerns with annually increasing prevalence. Given the established links between gut microbiome dysbiosis and metabolic diseases, its modulation is an attractive target to ameliorate metabolic imbalances in such patients. There is a need to quantitively summarise, analyse, and describe future directions in this field. METHODS We conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression following searches in major scientific databases for clinical trials investigating the effect of pro/pre/synbiotics on lipid profile published until April 2022. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis and reported as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). PROSPERO No. CRD42022348525. RESULTS Data from 47 trial comparisons across 42 studies (n = 2692) revealed that, compared to placebo/control groups, the administration of pro/pre/synbiotics was associated with statistically significant changes in total cholesterol (-9.97 mg/dL [95% CI: -15.08; -4.87], p < 0.0001), low-density lipoprotein (-6.29 mg/dL [95% CI: -9.25; -3.33], p < 0.0001), high-density lipoprotein (+3.21 mg/dL [95% CI: 2.20; 4.22], p < 0.0001), very-low-density lipoprotein (-4.52 mg/dL [95% CI: -6.36; -2.67], p < 0.0001) and triglyceride (-22.93 mg/dL [95% CI: -33.99; -11.87], p < 0.001). These results are influenced by patient characteristics such as age or baseline BMI, and intervention characteristics such as dosage and duration. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that adjunct supplementation with a subset of pro/pre/synbiotics ameliorates dyslipidemia in diabetic individuals and has the potential to reduce CVD risk. However, widespread inter-study heterogeneity and the presence of several unknown confounders limit their adoption in clinical practice; future trials should be designed with these in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Kaul
- Medical Education Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pradipta Paul
- Medical Education Division, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manale Harfouche
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reya Saliba
- Health Sciences Library, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Premedical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
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26
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Yu Cai Lim M, Kiat Ho H. Pharmacological modulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) as a therapeutic strategy for hypercholesterolemia. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115985. [PMID: 38154545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of many therapeutic options, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia remains high. There exists a significant unmet medical need for novel drugs and/or treatment combinations to effectively combat hypercholesterolemia while minimizing adverse reactions. The modulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression via perturbation of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) - dependent pathways, primarily FXR/small heterodimer partner (SHP) and FXR/ fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19/ fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-4 pathways, presents as a potential option to lower cholesterol levels. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the important role that CYP7A1 plays in cholesterol homeostasis and how its expression can be exploited to assert differential control of bile acid synthesis and cholesterol metabolism. Additionally, the paper also summarizes the current therapeutic options for hypercholesterolemia, and positions modulators of CYP7A1 expression, namely FGFR4 inhibitors and FXR antagonists, as emerging and distinct pharmacological agents to complement and diversify the treatment regime. Their mechanistic and clinical considerations are also extensively described to interrogate the benefits and risks associated with using FXR-mediating agents, either singularly or in combination with recognised agents such as statins to target hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Yu Cai Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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27
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Chen K, Zhang X, Sun G, Fang Z, Liao L, Zhong Y, Huang F, Dong M, Luo S. Focusing on the Abnormal Events of NPC1, NPC2, and NPC1L1 in Pan-Cancer and Further Constructing LUAD and KICH Prediction Models. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:449-464. [PMID: 38109854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer's high incidence and death rate jeopardize human health and life, and it has become a global public health issue. Some members of NPCs have been studied in a few cancers, but comprehensive and prognostic analysis is lacking in most cancers. In this study, we used the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data genomics and transcriptome technology to examine the differential expression and prognosis of NPCs in 33 cancer samples, as well as to investigate NPCs mutations and their effect on patient prognosis and to evaluate the methylation level of NPCs in cancer. The linked mechanisms and medication resistance were subsequently investigated in order to investigate prospective tumor therapy approaches. The relationships between NPCs and immune infiltration, immune cells, immunological regulatory substances, and immune pathways were also investigated. Finally, the LUAD and KICH prognostic prediction models were built using univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis. Additionally, the mRNA and protein levels of NPCs were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keheng Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- Chaozhou People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou 515041, China
| | - Zhichao Fang
- Chaozhou People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou 515041, China
| | - Lusheng Liao
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Yanping Zhong
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Fengdie Huang
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Mingyou Dong
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Shihua Luo
- Center for Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
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28
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Meng C, Zhou L, Huang L, Gu Q, Du X, Wang C, Liu F, Xia C. Chlorogenic acid regulates the expression of NPC1L1 and HMGCR through PXR and SREBP2 signaling pathways and their interactions with HSP90 to maintain cholesterol homeostasis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155271. [PMID: 38103317 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia is widely implicated in the etiology of coronary heart disease, stroke, and dementia. Evidence suggests that chlorogenic acid (CA) reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. PURPOSE The current study aims to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of CA in lowering cholesterol based on pregnane X receptor (PXR) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) regulatory pathways and their interactions with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). METHODS A hypercholesterolemic mouse model, HepG2 and Caco2 cell models, metabolomics analysis, and co-immunoprecipitation (COIP) were used to study the mechanism of CA lowering cholesterol. RESULTS Treatment of the hypercholesterolemic mice with CA for 12 weeks significantly reduced body weight, blood lipid, hepatic lipid accumulation, and increased lipid excretion. The nuclear aggregation of PXR and SREBP2 was inhibited simultaneously. In addition, the expression of downstream target genes, including Niemann-pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and 3‑hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), was downregulated after CA administration. Furthermore, in HepG2 and Caco2 cell models, CA reduced intracellular cholesterol levels by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of PXR and SREBP2 and the expression of NPC1L1 and HMGCR. SREBP2 interacts with PXR through HSP90, and CA reduces the binding stability of SREBP2 and HSP90 and enhances the binding of PXR and HSP90, thus reducing the nuclear accumulation of SREBP2 and PXR simultaneously. Moreover, CA promoted the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its binding to SREBP2. This was not conducive to the binding of HSP90 and SREBP2 but enhanced the binding of HSP90 and PXR, thereby inhibiting the nuclear translocation of SREBP2 and PXR and reducing intracellular cholesterol levels. However, no noticeable direct binding between AMPK and PXR was observed. CONCLUSION CA downregulates NPC1L1 and HMGCR expression by acting on the AMPK/SREBP2 direct pathway and the AMPK/SREBP2/HSP90/PXR indirect pathway, thus retaining cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Meng
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Lingye Zhou
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Lin Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Qi Gu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Xinyue Du
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Fanglan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Xuefu road 1299, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Nanchang 330031, PR China.
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Liu X, Lv Z, Xie Z, Wang Q, Yao W, Yu J, Jing Q, Meng X, Ma B, Xue D, Hao C. Association between the use of lipid-lowering drugs and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14067. [PMID: 37515404 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have suggested an association between lipid-lowering drugs and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk. This study aimed to assess the causal influence of lipid-lowering agents on IBD risk using Mendelian randomization analysis. METHOD In a population of 173,082 individuals of European ancestry, 55 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified as instrumental variables for 6 lipid-lowering drug targets (HMGCR, NPC1LC, PCSK9, LDLR, CETP and APOB). Summary statistics for the genome-wide association study of IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) were obtained from the FinnGen consortium, Program in Complex Trait Genomics and UK Biobank. Inverse-variance weighted was employed as the primary MR method, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were reported as the results. Sensitivity analyses using conventional MR methods were conducted to assess result robustness. RESULTS Gene-proxied inhibition of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) was associated with an increased IBD risk (OR [95% CI]: 2.31 [1.38, 3.85]; p = .001), particularly in UC (OR [95% CI]: 2.40 [1.21, 4.74], p = .012), but not in CD. This finding was replicated in the validation cohort. Additionally, gene-proxied inhibition of low-density lipoprotein receptor was associated with reduced IBD (OR [95% CI]: .72 [.60, .87], p < .001) and UC risk (OR [95% CI]: .74 [.59, .92], p = .006), although this result was not replicated in the validation cohort. Other drug targets did not show significant associations with IBD, UC or CD risk. CONCLUSION Inhibition of the lipid-lowering drug-target NPC1L1 leads to an increased IBD risk, mainly in the UC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenchao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingxu Jing
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenjun Hao
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Deng C, Pan J, Zhu H, Chen ZY. Effect of Gut Microbiota on Blood Cholesterol: A Review on Mechanisms. Foods 2023; 12:4308. [PMID: 38231771 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota serves as a pivotal mediator between diet and human health. Emerging evidence has shown that the gut microbiota may play an important role in cholesterol metabolism. In this review, we delve into five possible mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence cholesterol metabolism: (1) the gut microbiota changes the ratio of free bile acids to conjugated bile acids, with the former being eliminated into feces and the latter being reabsorbed back into the liver; (2) the gut microbiota can ferment dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which are absorbed and reach the liver where SCFAs inhibit cholesterol synthesis; (3) the gut microbiota can regulate the expression of some genes related to cholesterol metabolism through their metabolites; (4) the gut microbiota can convert cholesterol to coprostanol, with the latter having a very low absorption rate; and (5) the gut microbiota could reduce blood cholesterol by inhibiting the production of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which increases cholesterol synthesis and raises blood cholesterol. In addition, this review will explore the natural constituents in foods with potential roles in cholesterol regulation, mainly through their interactions with the gut microbiota. These include polysaccharides, polyphenolic entities, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, and dicaffeoylquinic acid. These findings will provide a scientific foundation for targeting hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases through the modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanling Deng
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Jingjin Pan
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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He Z, Zhang Z, Xu P, Dirsch VM, Wang L, Wang K. Laminarin Reduces Cholesterol Uptake and NPC1L1 Protein Expression in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Fed Mice. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:624. [PMID: 38132943 PMCID: PMC10744832 DOI: 10.3390/md21120624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrantly high dietary cholesterol intake and intestinal cholesterol uptake lead to dyslipidemia, one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Based on previous studies, laminarin, a polysaccharide found in brown algae, has hypolipidemic activity, but its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of laminarin on intestinal cholesterol uptake in vitro, as well as the lipid and morphological parameters in an in vivo model of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, and addressed the question of whether Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein (NPC1L1), a key transporter mediating dietary cholesterol uptake, is involved in the mechanistic action of laminarin. In in vitro studies, BODIPY-cholesterol-labeled Caco-2 cells were examined using confocal microscopy and a fluorescence reader. The results demonstrated that laminarin inhibited cholesterol uptake into Caco-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50 = 20.69 μM). In HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice, laminarin significantly reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). It also decreased hepatic levels of TC, TG, and total bile acids (TBA) while promoting the excretion of fecal cholesterol. Furthermore, laminarin significantly reduced local villous damage in the jejunum of HFD mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that laminarin significantly downregulated NPC1L1 protein expression in the jejunum of HFD-fed mice. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of NPC1L1 attenuated the laminarin-mediated inhibition of cholesterol uptake in Caco-2 cells. This study suggests that laminarin significantly improves dyslipidemia in HFD-fed mice, likely by reducing cholesterol uptake through a mechanism that involves the downregulation of NPC1L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqian He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China; (Z.H.); (P.X.); (K.W.)
| | - Zhongyin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China;
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China; (Z.H.); (P.X.); (K.W.)
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China; (Z.H.); (P.X.); (K.W.)
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kewei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China; (Z.H.); (P.X.); (K.W.)
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Zhao J, Wang R, Song L, Han H, Wang P, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Causal association between lipid-lowering drugs and female reproductive endocrine diseases: a drug-targeted Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1295412. [PMID: 38027179 PMCID: PMC10668027 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1295412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The relationship between dyslipidemia and female reproductive endocrine diseases has been increasingly studied. The use of lipid-lowering drugs in treating various related diseases, including coronary heart disease, may affect female reproductive endocrine diseases. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the effects of lipid-lowering drugs on female reproductive endocrine diseases and provide a basis for the appropriate selection of drugs. Methods In this study, we focused on three drug targets of statins, namely HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, proprotein convertase kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) inhibitors. To identify potential inhibitors for these targets, we collected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with HMGCR, PCSK9, and NPC1L1 from published genome-wide association study statistics. Subsequently, we conducted a drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the effects of these inhibitors on reproductive endocrine diseases mediated by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Alongside coronary heart disease as a positive control, our main outcomes of interest included the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), premenstrual syndrome (PMS), abnormal uterine bleeding (including menorrhagia and oligomenorrhea), and infertility. Results PCSK9 inhibitors significantly increased the risk of infertility in patients (OR [95%CI] = 1.14 [1.06, 1.23], p<0.05). In contrast, HMGCR inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of menorrhagia in female patients (OR [95%CI] = 0.85 [0.75, 0.97], p<0.05), but had no statistical impact on patients with oligomenorrhea. Conclusion The findings suggest that PCSK9 inhibitors may significantly increase the risk of infertility in patients. On the other hand, HMGCR inhibitors could potentially offer protection against menorrhagia in women. However, no effects of lipid-lowering drugs have been observed on other reproductive endocrine disorders, such as PCOS, POF, PMS and oligomenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Runfang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liyun Song
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Kunhua Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongzhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Piccinin E, Arconzo M, Matrella ML, Cariello M, Polizzi A, Lippi Y, Bertrand-Michel J, Guillou H, Loiseau N, Villani G, Moschetta A. Intestinal Pgc1α ablation protects from liver steatosis and fibrosis. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100853. [PMID: 37886435 PMCID: PMC10597770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The gut-liver axis modulates the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a spectrum of conditions characterised by hepatic steatosis and a progressive increase of inflammation and fibrosis, culminating in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (Pgc1α) is a transcriptional co-regulator of mitochondrial activity and lipid metabolism. Here, the intestinal-specific role of Pgc1α was analysed in liver steatosis and fibrosis. Methods We used a mouse model in which Pgc1α was selectively deleted from the intestinal epithelium. We fed these mice and their wild-type littermates a Western diet to recapitulate the major features of liver steatosis (after 2 months of diet) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (after 4 months of diet). The chow diet was administered as a control diet. Results In humans and mice, low expression of intestinal Pgc1α is inversely associated with liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Intestinal disruption of Pgc1α impairs the transcription of a wide number of genes, including the cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (Npc1l1), thus limiting the uptake of cholesterol from the gut. This results in a lower cholesterol accretion in the liver and a decreased production of new fatty acids, which protect the liver from lipotoxic lipid species accumulation, inflammation, and related fibrotic processes. Conclusions In humans and mice, intestinal Pgc1α induction during Western diet may be another culprit driving hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Here, we show that enterocyte-specific Pgc1α ablation protects the liver from steatosis and fibrosis by reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption, with subsequent decrease of cholesterol and de novo fatty acid accumulation in the liver. Impact and implications Liver diseases result from several insults, including signals from the gut. Although the incidence of liver diseases is continuously increasing worldwide, effective drug therapy is still lacking. Here, we showed that the modulation of an intestinal coactivator regulates the liver response to a Western diet, by limiting the uptake of dietary cholesterol. This results in a lower accumulation of hepatic lipids together with decreased inflammation and fibrosis, thus limiting the progression of liver steatosis and fibrosis towards severe end-stage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piccinin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Arconzo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Matrella
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaetano Villani
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
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Itkonen A, Hakkola J, Rysä J. Adverse outcome pathway for pregnane X receptor-induced hypercholesterolemia. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2861-2877. [PMID: 37642746 PMCID: PMC10504106 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and environmental contaminants contribute to hypercholesterolemia. Several chemicals known to cause hypercholesterolemia, activate pregnane X receptor (PXR). PXR is a nuclear receptor, classically identified as a sensor of chemical environment and regulator of detoxification processes. Later, PXR activation has been shown to disrupt metabolic functions such as lipid metabolism and recent findings have shown PXR activation to promote hypercholesterolemia through multiple mechanisms. Hypercholesterolemia is a major causative risk factor for atherosclerosis and greatly promotes global health burden. Metabolic disruption by PXR activating chemicals leading to hypercholesterolemia represents a novel toxicity pathway of concern and requires further attention. Therefore, we constructed an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) by collecting the available knowledge considering the molecular mechanisms for PXR-mediated hypercholesterolemia. AOPs are tools of modern toxicology for systematizing mechanistic knowledge to assist health risk assessment of chemicals. AOPs are formalized and structured linear concepts describing a link between molecular initiating event (MIE) and adverse outcome (AO). MIE and AO are connected via key events (KE) through key event relationships (KER). We present a plausible route of how PXR activation (MIE) leads to hypercholesterolemia (AO) through direct regulation of cholesterol synthesis and via activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2-pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Itkonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Hakkola
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaana Rysä
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Guo J, Wang Y, Li P, Wu W, Xu F, Zhou K, Xu B. The modulatory effects on enterohepatic cholesterol metabolism of novel cholesterol-lowering peptides from gastrointestinal digestion of Xuanwei ham. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113391. [PMID: 37803728 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of in vitro protein digestive products of Xuanwei ham with different ripening periods on cholesterol metabolism and hypercholesterolemia. The results showed that compared with other gastrointestinal digestion (GID) groups, the GID group of Xuanwei ham with 3-year ripening period (XWH3-GID) inhibited the expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) through hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha (HNF-1α), which in turn effectively inhibited cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Following absorption by Caco-2 cell monolayers, the XWH3-GID group suppressed the expression and secretion of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) via HNF-1α, which enhanced the protein expression and fluorescence intensity of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) on the HepG2 cell membrane, and thus promoted the uptake of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Importantly, three novel peptides (LFP, PKF and VPFP) derived from titin were identified after intestinal epithelial transport in the XWH3-GID group, which could exert cholesterol-lowering effects through inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption and promoting peripheral hepatic LDL uptake, and effectively ameliorate western diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in ApoE-/- mice. These results suggest that Xuanwei ham with 3-year ripening period can be used as a source of cholesterol-lowering peptides and has potential to intervene in hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Peijun Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Feiran Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Baocai Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
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Ku H, Kim Y, Kim AL, Lee G, Choi Y, Kim B. Protective Effects of Melatonin in High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis via Decreased Intestinal Lipid Absorption and Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:557-567. [PMID: 37652870 PMCID: PMC10613779 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND The preventative effect of melatonin on the development of obesity and the progression of fatty liver under a high-fat diet (HFD) has been well elucidated through previous studies. We investigated the mechanism behind this effect regarding cholesterol biosynthesis and regulation of cholesterol levels. METHODS Mice were divided into three groups: normal chow diet (NCD); HFD; and HFD and melatonin administration group (HFD+M). We assessed the serum lipid profile, mRNA expression levels of proteins involved in cholesterol synthesis and reabsorption in the liver and nutrient transporters in the intestines, and cytokine levels. Additionally, an in vitro experiment using HepG2 cells was performed. RESULTS Expression of hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) demonstrated that melatonin administration significantly reduces hepatic cholesterol synthesis in mice fed an HFD. Expression of intestinal sodium-glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), GLUT5, and Niemann-pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) demonstrated that melatonin administration significantly reduces intestinal carbohydrate and lipid absorption in mice fed an HFD. There were no differences in local and circulatory inflammatory cytokine levels among the NCD, HFD, and HFD+M group. HepG2 cells stimulated with palmitate showed reduced levels of SREBP, LDLR, and HMGCR indicating these results are due to the direct mechanistic effect of melatonin on hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data indicate the mechanism behind the protective effects of melatonin from weight gain and liver steatosis under HFD is through a reduction in intestinal caloric absorption and hepatic cholesterol synthesis highlighting its potential in the treatment of obesity and fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjune Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yeonji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Alvin Lyle Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Garam Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Youngsik Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Bukyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Xu H, Xin Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Cao Y, Li W, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu P. The TICE Pathway: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:653-662. [PMID: 37736845 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) is a non-biliary pathway that excretes excess cholesterol from the body through feces. This article focuses on the research progress of the TICE pathway in the last few years, including the discovery process of the TICE pathway, its molecular mechanism, and potential clinical applications. RECENT FINDINGS Cholesterol homeostasis is vital for cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. Beyond the cholesterol excretion via hepatobiliary pathway, TICE contributes significantly to reverse cholesterol transport ex vivo and in vivo. Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate cholesterol metabolism. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and liver X receptor (LXR) activated, respectively, by oxysterols and bile acids promote intestinal cholesterol secretion through ABCG5/G8. Nutrient regulators and intestinal flora also modulate cholesterol secretion through the TICE pathway. TICE allows direct elimination of plasma cholesterol, which may provide an attractive therapeutic targets. TICE pathway may provide a potential target to stimulate cholesterol elimination and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yiyang Xin
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Zixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yutong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China.
| | - Yandong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Henan, China.
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Tang C, Wang Y, Chen D, Zhang M, Xu J, Xu C, Liu J, Kan J, Jin C. Natural polysaccharides protect against diet-induced obesity by improving lipid metabolism and regulating the immune system. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113192. [PMID: 37689942 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy dietary patterns-induced obesity and obesity-related complications pose a great threat to human health all over the world. Accumulating evidence suggests that the pathophysiology of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders is closely associated with dysregulation of lipid and energy metabolism, and metabolic inflammation. In this review, three potential anti-obesity mechanisms of natural polysaccharides are introduced. Firstly, natural polysaccharides protect against diet-induced obesity directly by improving lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Since the immunity also affects lipid and energy metabolism, natural polysaccharides improve lipid and energy metabolism by regulating host immunity. Moreover, diet-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress, defective autophagy and microbial dysbiosis can disrupt lipid and/or energy metabolism in a direct and/or inflammation-induced manner. Therefore, natural polysaccharides also improve lipid and energy metabolism and suppress inflammation by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress, promoting autophagy and regulating gut microbiota composition. Specifically, this review comprehensively summarizes underlying anti-obesity mechanisms of natural polysaccharides and provides a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods. For the first time, this review elucidates anti-obesity mechanisms of natural polysaccharides from the perspectives of their hypolipidemic, energy-regulating and immune-regulating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingguo Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Quality and safety of agricultural product, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Kan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
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Huang J, Lin H, Wang S, Li M, Wang T, Zhao Z, Xu Y, Xu M, Lu J, Chen Y, Ning G, Wang W, Bi Y, Wang L. Association between serum LDL-C concentrations and risk of diabetes: A prospective cohort study. J Diabetes 2023; 15:881-889. [PMID: 37461165 PMCID: PMC10590678 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and diabetes mellitus are both modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease; however, whether elevated LDL-C levels confer a risk for diabetes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the association between serum LDL-C concentrations at baseline and the risk of developing diabetes at follow-up in the general population of Chinese adults. METHODS This study included 5274 adults aged ≥ 40 years from a community cohort who were without diabetes and followed for a median of 4.4 years. A standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was conducted at baseline and follow-up visits to diagnose diabetes. Logistic regression models and a restricted cubic spline were used to examine the association between baseline serum LDL-C levels and the risk of diabetes development. Subgroup analyses were conducted stratifying on age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, family history of diabetes, and LDL-C levels. RESULTS A total of 652 participants (12%) developed diabetes during the follow-up period. Compared to quartile 1 of serum LDL-C, quartiles 2, 3, and 4 were associated with a 30%, 33%, and 30% significantly higher risk of diabetes, respectively after adjustment for confounders including homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. The linear relationship between baseline LDL-C down to 30.1 mg/dL and incident diabetes was demonstrated by restricted cubic spline analysis, and each 1-SD increase in LDL-C concentration (28.5 mg/dL) was associated with a 12% increase in the risk of diabetes (odds ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.22). CONCLUSION In this community-based general population, higher serum LDL-C levels were linearly associated with an elevated risk of incident diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Huang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Ma L, Zhang S, Liang Q, Huang W, Wang H, Pan E, Xu P, Zhang S, Tao F, Tang J, Qing R. CrMP-Sol database: classification, bioinformatic analyses and comparison of cancer-related membrane proteins and their water-soluble variant designs. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:360. [PMID: 37743473 PMCID: PMC10518928 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins are critical mediators for tumor progression and present enormous therapeutic potentials. Although gene profiling can identify their cancer-specific signatures, systematic correlations between protein functions and tumor-related mechanisms are still unclear. We present here the CrMP-Sol database ( https://bio-gateway.aigene.org.cn/g/CrMP ), which aims to breach the gap between the two. Machine learning was used to extract key functional descriptions for protein visualization in the 3D-space, where spatial distributions provide function-based predictive connections between proteins and cancer types. CrMP-Sol also presents QTY-enabled water-soluble designs to facilitate native membrane protein studies despite natural hydrophobicity. Five examples with varying transmembrane helices in different categories were used to demonstrate the feasibility. Native and redesigned proteins exhibited highly similar characteristics, predicted structures and binding pockets, and slightly different docking poses against known ligands, although task-specific designs are still required for proteins more susceptible to internal hydrogen bond formations. The database can accelerate therapeutic developments and biotechnological applications of cancer-related membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Sitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Zhejiang Lab, Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Emily Pan
- The Lawrenceville School, 2500 Main Street, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jin Tang
- Zhejiang Lab, Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Rui Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Qusairy Z, Gangloff A, Leung SOA. Dysregulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis in Ovarian Cancer. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:8386-8400. [PMID: 37754524 PMCID: PMC10527727 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30090609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol plays an essential role in maintaining the rigidity of cell membranes and signal transduction. Various investigations confirmed empirically that the dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis positively correlates with tumor progression. More specifically, recent studies suggested the distinct role of cholesterol in ovarian cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance. In this review, we summarize the current findings that suggest the contribution of cholesterol homeostasis dysregulation to ovarian cancer progression and resistance to anti-cancer agents. We also discuss the therapeutic implications of cholesterol-lowering drugs in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Qusairy
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Anne Gangloff
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Shuk On Annie Leung
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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Akossi RF, Delbac F, El Alaoui H, Wawrzyniak I, Peyretaillade E. The intracellular parasite Anncaliia algerae induces a massive miRNA down-regulation in human cells. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:363-375. [PMID: 37275245 PMCID: PMC10238475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anncaliia algerae belongs to microsporidia, a group of obligate intracellular parasites related to fungi. These parasites are largely spread in water and food-webs and can infect a wide variety of hosts ranging from invertebrates to vertebrates including humans. In humans, microsporidian infections are mainly opportunistic as immunocompetent hosts can clear parasites naturally. Recent studies however have reported persistent microsporidian infections and have highlighted them as a risk factor in colon cancer. This may be a direct result of cell infection or may be an indirect effect of the infectious microenvironment and the host's response. In both cases, this raises the question of the effects of microsporidian infection at the host and host-cell levels. We aimed to address the question of human host intracellular response to microsporidian infection through a transcriptomic kinetic study of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) infected with A.algerae, a human infecting microsporidia with an exceptionally wide host range. We focused solely on host response studying both coding and small non-coding miRNA expression. Our study revealed a generalized down-regulation of cell miRNAs throughout infection with up to 547 different miRNAs downregulated at some timepoints and also transcriptomic dysregulations that could facilitate parasite development with immune and lipid metabolism genes modulation. We also hypothesize possible small nucleic acid expropriation explaining the miRNA downregulation. This work contributes to a better understanding of the dialogue that can occur between an intracellular parasite and its host at the cellular level, and can guide future studies on microsporidian infection biology to unravel the mode of action of these minimalist parasites at the tissue or host levels.We have also generated a kinetic and comprehensive transcriptomic data set of an infectious process that can help support comparative studies in the broader field of parasitology. Lastly, these results may warrant for caution regarding microsporidian exposure and persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Florian Akossi
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fréderic Delbac
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hicham El Alaoui
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ivan Wawrzyniak
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Peyretaillade
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Bao C, Wu T, Zhu S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Yang L, He C. Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in osteoporosis mechanisms and therapeutics. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1131-1143. [PMID: 37553962 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and is characterized by excessive loss of bone protein and mineral content. The incidence and mortality of osteoporosis increase with age, creating a significant medical and economic burden globally. The importance of cholesterol levels has been reported in the development of diseases including osteoporosis. It is important to note that key enzymes and molecules involved in cholesterol homeostasis are closely related to bone formation. Excessive cholesterol may cause osteoporosis, cholesterol and its metabolites affect bone homeostasis by regulating the proliferation and stimulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Therefore, antagonism of elevated cholesterol levels may be a potential strategy to prevent osteoporosis. There is sufficient evidence to support the use of bisphosphonates and statin drugs for osteoporosis in the clinic. Therefore, in view of the aggravation of the aging problem, we summarize the intracellular mechanism of cholesterol homeostasis and its relationship with osteoporosis (including cholesterol and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in osteoporosis). Furthermore, the current clinical cholesterol-lowering drugs for osteoporosis were also summarized, as are new and promising therapies (cell-based therapies (e.g., stem cells) and biomaterial-delivered target drug therapies for osteoporosis as well).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncha Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxiu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Li Z, Wang Y, Liu J, Chen D, Feng G, Chen M, Feng Y, Zhang R, Yan X. The potential role of alfalfa polysaccharides and their sulphated derivatives in the alleviation of obesity. Food Funct 2023; 14:7586-7602. [PMID: 37526987 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated alfalfa polysaccharides (SAPs) as derivatives of alfalfa polysaccharides (APs) showed better in vitro antioxidant activity and potential obesity inhibition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanisms of APs and SAPs on obesity alleviation. Different concentrations of APs and SAPs were tested for effects on body conditions, gut flora, antioxidant capacity, and immunological factors. The results showed that APs and SAPs improved the physical conditions of obese mice, including organ weight, body weight, intraperitoneal fat ratio, and lipid levels. APs and SAPs increased the antioxidant capacity of the obese mice, enhanced the activity of SOD and CAT, and decreased the activity of MDA in the serum, liver, and colon. APs and SAPs upregulated the mRNA expression of IL-4 and IL-10 and downregulated the mRNA expression of NF-κB, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the liver and colon. Meanwhile, APs and SAPs improved lipid absorption in the jejunum, upregulated LXR and GLP-2, and down-regulated the mRNA expression of NPC1L1. APs and SAPs also contributed to restoring short-chain fatty acid levels in the colon. APs and SAPs improved the structure of the intestinal flora, promoted the proliferation of bacteria associated with short-chain fatty acid metabolism, and inhibited the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. At the same concentration, the effect of SAPs on the antioxidant capacity was stronger than that of APs. In the AP group, high concentrations of APs showed the best anti-inflammatory effect, while in the SAP group, medium concentrations of SAPs showed the best inhibition of inflammation. Our results suggest that APs and SAPs alleviate obesity symptoms by relieving inflammation, improving the antioxidant capacity, and regulating intestinal flora and therefore could be used as potential probiotic products to alleviate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Yawen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225127, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225127, China
| | - Guilan Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Min Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Yuxi Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Xuebing Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
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45
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Mir IH, Thirunavukkarasu C. The relevance of acid sphingomyelinase as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in hepatic disorders: current scenario and anticipated trends. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2069-2087. [PMID: 37248308 PMCID: PMC10226719 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) serves as one of the most remarkable enzymes in sphingolipid biology. ASMase facilitates the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, yielding ceramide and phosphorylcholine via the phospholipase C signal transduction pathway. Owing to its prominent intervention in apoptosis, ASMase, and its product ceramide is now at the bleeding edge of lipid research due to the coalesced efforts of several research institutions over the past 40 years. ASMase-catalyzed ceramide synthesis profoundly alters the physiological properties of membrane structure in response to a broad range of stimulations, orchestrating signaling cascades for endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization, which influences the development of hepatic disorders, such as steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, drug-induced liver injury, and hepatocellular carcinoma. As a result, the potential to modulate the ASMase action with appropriate pharmaceutical antagonists has sparked a lot of curiosity. This article emphasizes the fundamental mechanisms of the systems that govern ASMase aberrations in various hepatic pathologies. Furthermore, we present an insight into the potential therapeutic agents used to mitigate ASMase irregularities and the paramountcy of such inhibitors in drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Hassan Mir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
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Alvarenga L, Cardozo LFMF, Ribeiro-Alves M, Damasceno NRT, Berretta AA, Lima JA, Khosla P, Fouque D, Mafra D. Effects of turmeric extract supplementation on the lipid and lipoprotein subfraction profile in hemodialysis patients: A randomised, double-blind, crossover and controlled trial. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3424-3437. [PMID: 37042623 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease. Curcumin, a bioactive polyphenol from Curcuma longa, can improve lipid profile. This study aims to analyze the effects of Curcuma Longa extract supplementation on lipid profile and lipoprotein subfractions in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This is a longitudinal, double-blind, washout-period randomized clinical trial. The patients were randomized into two groups: the curcumin group (n = 10) (orange and carrot juice with 2.5 g of Curcuma Longa extract) and the control group (n = 11) (juice without curcumin) 3x/w during HD sessions for 3 months. After the washout period, patients continued the supplementation as a crossover for the same period. The lipid profile was measured using enzymatic assays. The high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein subfractions analyses were performed using LipoprintTM. In the curcumin group, the triglyceride values tended to decrease with a different triglyceride variation between the pre and post-intervention for the control and curcumin groups of 38.5 (19.8) mg/dL (p = 0.06). There was no statistical difference in the others parameters. In conclusion, Curcuma longa extract may be a good nutritional strategy to reduce triglyceride plasma levels in hemodialysis patients, but it seems ineffective for the other parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences-Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - M Ribeiro-Alves
- HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Infectology (INI/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N R T Damasceno
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo (FSP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A A Berretta
- Research, Development, and Innovation Department, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ltda., Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J A Lima
- Research, Development, and Innovation Department, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ltda., Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Khosla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - D Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hopitalier Lyon Sud, INSERM 1060, CENS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D Mafra
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences-Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Jia A, Jiang H, Liu W, Chen P, Xu Q, Zhang R, Sun J. Novel application potential of cinaciguat in the treatment of mixed hyperlipidemia through targeting PTL/NPC1L1 and alleviating intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorders. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106854. [PMID: 37460003 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Mixed hyperlipidemia, characterized by high levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, is a key risk factor leading to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. Existing clinical drugs usually only work on a single indicator, decreasing either triglyceride or cholesterol levels. Developing dual-acting agents that reduce both triglycerides and cholesterol remains a great challenge. Pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL) and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) have been identified as crucial proteins in the transport of triglycerides and cholesterol. Here, cinaciguat, a known agent used in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure, was identified as a potent dual inhibitor targeting PTL and NPC1L1. We presented in vitro evidence from surface plasmon resonance analysis that cinaciguat interacted with PTL and NPC1L1. Furthermore, cinaciguat exhibited potent PTL-inhibition activity. Fluorescence-labeled cholesterol uptake analysis and confocal imaging showed that cinaciguat effectively inhibited cholesterol uptake. In vivo evaluation showed that cinaciguat significantly reduced the plasma levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, and effectively alleviated high-fat diet-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorders. These results collectively suggest that cinaciguat has the potential to be further developed for the therapy of mixed hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pengwei Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Qi Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jufeng Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China.
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Benabdelkamel H, Jaber MA, Dahabiyeh LA, Masood A, Almalki RH, Musambil M, Abdel Rahman AM, Alfadda AA. Metabolomic profile of patients on levothyroxine treatment for hypothyroidism. Eur Thyroid J 2023; 12:e230062. [PMID: 37343156 PMCID: PMC10388654 DOI: 10.1530/etj-23-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypothyroidism is clinically characterized by a decrease in levels of the circulating thyroid hormones namely thyroxine and triiodothyronine. The main treatment for hypothyroidism is thyroid hormone replacement using levothyroxine to normalize serum thyroid hormone levels. Objectives In this study, we explored the metabolic changes in the plasma of patients with hypothyroidism after reaching a euthyroid state with levothyroxine treatment. Methods Plasma samples from 18 patients diagnosed as overt hypothyroidism were collected before and after levothyroxine treatment upon reaching a euthyroid state and were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Multivariate and univariate analyses evaluated data to highlight potential metabolic biomarkers. Results Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics revealed a significant decrease in the levels of ceramide, phosphatidylcholine, triglycerides, acylcarnitine, and peptides after levothyroxine treatment; this could indicate a change in the fatty acid transportation system and an enhanced β-oxidation, compared with a hypothyroid state. At the same time, the decrease in the peptides suggested a shift in protein synthesis. In addition, there was a considerable rise in glycocholic acid following therapy, suggesting the involvement of thyroid hormones in stimulating bile acid production and secretion. Conclusions A metabolomic analysis of patients with hypothyroidism revealed significant changes in several metabolites and lipids after treatment. This study showed the value of the metabolomics technique in providing a complementary understanding of the pathophysiology of hypothyroidism and as a crucial tool for examining the molecular impact of levothyroxine treatment on hypothyroidism. It was an important tool for investigating the therapeutic effects of levothyroxine on hypothyroidism at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak A Jaber
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lina A Dahabiyeh
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem H Almalki
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohthash Musambil
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Abdel Rahman
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and King Saud Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A Alfadda
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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49
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Wada S, Sasagane Y, Kagatani S, Nakagami H. Bioequivalence Study of Ezetimibe Tablets After a Single Oral Dose of 10 mg in Healthy Japanese Subjects Under Fasting Conditions. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2023; 12:731-738. [PMID: 37021410 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles between a new generic and a branded reference product of 10-mg ezetimibe (EZE) tablets in 24 healthy Japanese male volunteers under fasting conditions, obtaining sufficient evidence for the marketing approval of the new generic product. The bioequivalence study was conducted with an open-label, 2 × 2, single-dose, crossover design in which the test and reference products were administered to volunteers after fasting for ≥10 hours. Blood samples were collected 24 times before to 72 hours after the administration of the investigational drug. We evaluated the peak drug concentration and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve up to the last measured concentration of EZE, EZEG, and total EZE (EZE + ezetimibe glucuronide [EZEG]). The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratios for peak drug concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve up to the last measured concentration of the test and reference products fell within the bioequivalence limits of 0.80 to 1.25 for EZE, EZEG, and total EZE. The test and reference products were well tolerated, and no adverse events occurred during the study. The test product was bioequivalent to the reference product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Wada
- Development Department, Nihon Generic Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Seiya Kagatani
- Development Department, Nihon Generic Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Yang J, Zou J, Mai H, Hong T, Liu H, Feng D. Curcumin protects against high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic simple fatty liver by inhibiting intestinal and hepatic NPC1L1 expression via down-regulation of SREBP-2/HNF1α pathway in hamsters. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109403. [PMID: 37307885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) mediates cholesterol absorption and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic simple fatty liver (NASFL). Our previous study showed that curcumin reduced NPC1L1 expression and cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells. This study aimed to investigate whether curcumin could inhibit intestinal and hepatic NPC1L1 expression through suppressing sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) / hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) pathway, then exert anti-NASFL effects. Six-week hamsters were fed high-fat diet (HFD) with or without 0.1% curcumin for 12 weeks. Curcumin supplementation lowered blood total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (20.2%, 48.7% and 36.5%), and reduced liver TC and TG contents (26.1% and 26.5%). Oil Red O staining demonstrated that curcumin significantly alleviated HFD-induced liver fat accumulation and hepatic steatosis, which was accompanied by reduced intestinal and hepatic NPC1L1, SREBP-2 and HNF1α expression (p < 0.05) and increased fecal neutral sterol excretion (114.5%). Furthermore, curcumin decreased cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells and HepG2 cells (49.2 % and 52.7 %). The inhibitory effects of curcumin on NPC1L1 expression and cholesterol absorption could be prevented by blockade of the SREBP-2 and HNF1α pathway. These findings indicated that curcumin protected against HFD-induced NASFL by inhibiting intestinal and hepatic NPC1L1 expression via down-regulation of SREBP-2/HNF1α pathway, thus reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption and hepatic biliary cholesterol reabsorption, consequently alleviating liver cholesterol accumulation and steatosis. Our study provides evidence for curcumin as a potential nutritional therapy for NASFL by regulating NPC1L1 and enterohepatic circulation of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Haiyan Mai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ting Hong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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