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Taheri R, Mokhtari Y, Yousefi AM, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt signaling axis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): From mechanistic insights into possible therapeutic targets. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:1049-1068. [PMID: 38812089 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an immensely debilitating chronic disease that progressively undermines the well-being of various bodily organs and, indeed, most patients succumb to the disease due to post-T2DM complications. Although there is evidence supporting the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway by insulin, which is essential in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, the significance of this pathway in T2DM has only been explored in a few studies. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which different classes of PI3Ks control the metabolism of glucose; and also to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on this topic. We also summarized the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling axis in target tissues spanning from the skeletal muscle to the adipose tissue and liver. Furthermore, inquiries regarding the impact of disrupting this axis on insulin function and the development of insulin resistance have been addressed. We also provide a general overview of the association of impaired PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the most prevalent diabetes-related complications. The last section provides a special focus on the therapeutic potential of this axis by outlining the latest advances in active compounds that alleviate diabetes via modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Finally, we comment on the future research aspects in which the field of T2DM therapies using PI3K modulators might be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Taheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Mokhtari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Mohammad Yousefi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Michalani MLE, Passarelli M, Machado UF. Nuclear Factor-Kappa-B Mediates the Advanced Glycation End Product-Induced Repression of Slc2a4 Gene Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8242. [PMID: 39125811 PMCID: PMC11311564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycated end products (AGEs) are cytotoxic compounds that are mainly increased in diabetes mellitus (DM), kidney failure, inflammation, and in response to the ingestion of AGE-rich diets. AGEs can also impair glycemic homeostasis by decreasing the expression of the Slc2a4 (solute carrier family 2 member 4) gene and its GLUT4 (solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4) protein in muscle. However, the mechanisms underlying AGE's effect on adipocytes have not been demonstrated yet. This study investigated the effects of AGEs upon Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as well as the potential role of NFKB (nuclear factor NF-kappa-B) activity in the effects observed. Adipocytes were cultured in the presence of control albumin (CA) or advanced glycated albumin (GA) at concentrations of 0.4, 3.6, and 5.4 mg/mL for 24 h or 72 h. Slc2a4, Rela, and Nfkb1mRNAs were measured by RT-qPCR, GLUT4, IKKA/B, and p50/p65 NFKB subunits using Western blotting, and p50/p65 binding into the Slc2a4 promoter was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. GA at 0.4 mg/mL increased Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression after 24 h and 72 h (from 50% to 100%), but at 5.4 mg/mL, Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression decreased at 72 h (by 50%). Rela and Nfkb1 expression increased after 24 h at all concentrations, but this effect was not observed at 72 h. Furthermore, 5.4 mg/mL of GA increased the p50/p65 nuclear content and binding into Slc2a4 at 72 h. In summary, this study reveals AGE-induced and NFKB-mediated repression of Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression. This can compromise the adipocyte glucose utilization, contributing not only to the worsening of glycemic control in DM subjects but also the impairment of glycemic homeostasis in non-DM subjects under the high intake of AGE-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Estimo Michalani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marisa Passarelli
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10) do HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan Fabres Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
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Hwang J, Balakrishnan R, Oh E, Veluthakal R, Thurmond DC. A Novel Role for DOC2B in Ameliorating Palmitate-Induced Glucose Uptake Dysfunction in Skeletal Muscle Cells via a Mechanism Involving β-AR Agonism and Cofilin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:137. [PMID: 38203312 PMCID: PMC10779393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet-related lipotoxic stress is a significant driver of skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) onset. β2-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonism promotes insulin sensitivity in vivo under lipotoxic stress conditions. Here, we established an in vitro paradigm of lipotoxic stress using palmitate (Palm) in rat skeletal muscle cells to determine if β-AR agonism could cooperate with double C-2-like domain beta (DOC2B) enrichment to promote skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity under Palm-stress conditions. Previously, human T2D skeletal muscles were shown to be deficient for DOC2B, and DOC2B enrichment resisted IR in vivo. Our Palm-stress paradigm induced IR and β-AR resistance, reduced DOC2B protein levels, triggered cytoskeletal cofilin phosphorylation, and reduced GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane (PM). By enhancing DOC2B levels in rat skeletal muscle, we showed that the deleterious effects of palmitate exposure upon cofilin, insulin, and β-AR-stimulated GLUT4 trafficking to the PM and glucose uptake were preventable. In conclusion, we revealed a useful in vitro paradigm of Palm-induced stress to test for factors that can prevent/reverse skeletal muscle dysfunctions related to obesity/pre-T2D. Discerning strategies to enrich DOC2B and promote β-AR agonism can resist skeletal muscle IR and halt progression to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Hwang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.H.); (R.B.); (E.O.); (R.V.)
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Rekha Balakrishnan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.H.); (R.B.); (E.O.); (R.V.)
| | - Eunjin Oh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.H.); (R.B.); (E.O.); (R.V.)
| | - Rajakrishnan Veluthakal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.H.); (R.B.); (E.O.); (R.V.)
| | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.H.); (R.B.); (E.O.); (R.V.)
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Mishra D, Reddy I, Dey CS. PKCα Isoform Inhibits Insulin Signaling and Aggravates Neuronal Insulin Resistance. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6642-6659. [PMID: 37470970 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of PKCα has been linked to inhibit insulin signaling disrupting IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylations in skeletal muscle. PKCα inhibits IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylations, but not required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscles. Inhibition of PKCα increased whereas in some studies decreased GLUT-4 levels at the plasma membrane in skeletal muscles and adipocytes. Controversial studies have reported opposite expression pattern of PKCα expression in insulin-resistant skeletal muscles. These findings indicate that the role of PKCα on insulin signaling is controversial and could be tissue specific. Evidently, studies are required to decipher the role of PKCα in regulating insulin signaling and preferably in other cellular systems. Utilizing neuronal cells, like Neuro-2a, SHSY-5Y and insulin-resistant diabetic mice brain tissues; we have demonstrated that PKCα inhibits insulin signaling, through IRS-Akt pathway in PP2A-dependent mechanism by an AS160-independent route involving 14-3-3ζ. Inhibition and silencing of PKCα improves insulin sensitivity by increasing GLUT-4 translocation to the plasma membrane and glucose uptake. PKCα regulates GSK3 isoforms in an opposite manner in insulin-sensitive and in insulin-resistant condition. Higher activity of PKCα aggravates insulin-resistant neuronal diabetic condition through GSK3β but not GSK3α. Our results mechanistically explored the contribution of PKCα in regulating neuronal insulin resistance and diabetes, which opens up new avenues in dealing with metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanshi Mishra
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, Hauz Khas, -110016, India
| | - Ishitha Reddy
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, Hauz Khas, -110016, India
| | - Chinmoy Sankar Dey
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, Hauz Khas, -110016, India.
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Tokarz VL, Mylvaganam S, Klip A. Palmitate-induced insulin resistance causes actin filament stiffness and GLUT4 mis-sorting without altered Akt signalling. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261300. [PMID: 37815440 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance, a major contributor to type 2 diabetes, is linked to the consumption of saturated fats. This insulin resistance arises from failure of insulin-induced translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4; also known as SLC2A4) to the plasma membrane to facilitate glucose uptake into muscle. The mechanisms of defective GLUT4 translocation are poorly understood, limiting development of insulin-sensitizing therapies targeting muscle glucose uptake. Although many studies have identified early insulin signalling defects and suggest that they are responsible for insulin resistance, their cause-effect has been debated. Here, we find that the saturated fat palmitate (PA) causes insulin resistance owing to failure of GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle myoblasts and myotubes without impairing signalling to Akt2 or AS160 (also known as TBC1D4). Instead, PA altered two basal-state events: (1) the intracellular localization of GLUT4 and its sorting towards a perinuclear storage compartment, and (2) actin filament stiffness, which prevents Rac1-dependent actin remodelling. These defects were triggered by distinct mechanisms, respectively protein palmitoylation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our findings highlight that saturated fats elicit muscle cell-autonomous dysregulation of the basal-state machinery required for GLUT4 translocation, which 'primes' cells for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Tokarz
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sivakami Mylvaganam
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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Schaefer L, Pierre SV. Cell and Molecular Physiology Section of the American Physiological Society in connection with American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C362-C363. [PMID: 36802731 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00033.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandrine V Pierre
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR), Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States
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Lopez DL, Casillas OE, Jaramillo HJ, Romero-Garcia T, Vazquez-Jimenez JG. AT1 receptor downregulation: A mechanism for improving glucose homeostasis. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:170-178. [PMID: 37035227 PMCID: PMC10075037 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pathophysiological correlation between arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, established since the pre-diabetic state in the entity known as insulin resistance. It is known that high concentrations of angiotensin-II enable chronic activation of the AT1 receptor, promoting sustained vasoconstriction and the consequent development of high blood pressure. Furthermore, the chronic activation of the AT1 receptor has been associated with the development of insulin resistance. From a molecular outlook, the AT1 receptor signaling pathway can activate the JNK kinase. Once activated, this kinase can block the insulin signaling pathway, favoring the resistance to this hormone. In accordance with the previously mentioned mechanisms, the negative regulation of the AT1 receptor could have beneficial effects in treating metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review explains the clinical correlation of the metabolic response that diabetic patients present when receiving negatively regulatory drugs of the AT1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Mexicali, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Oscar E Casillas
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Hiram J Jaramillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Mexicali, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Romero-Garcia
- Faculty of Sports, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21289, Baja California, Mexico
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Masson SWC, Dissanayake WC, Broome SC, Hedges CP, Peeters WM, Gram M, Rowlands DS, Shepherd PR, Merry TL. A role for β-catenin in diet-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15536. [PMID: 36807886 PMCID: PMC9937784 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A central characteristic of insulin resistance is the impaired ability for insulin to stimulate glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. While insulin resistance can occur distal to the canonical insulin receptor-PI3k-Akt signaling pathway, the signaling intermediates involved in the dysfunction are yet to be fully elucidated. β-catenin is an emerging distal regulator of skeletal muscle and adipocyte insulin-stimulated GLUT4 trafficking. Here, we investigate its role in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Short-term (5-week) high-fat diet (HFD) decreased skeletal muscle β-catenin protein expression 27% (p = 0.03), and perturbed insulin-stimulated β-cateninS552 phosphorylation 21% (p = 0.009) without affecting insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation relative to chow-fed controls. Under chow conditions, mice with muscle-specific β-catenin deletion had impaired insulin responsiveness, whereas under HFD, both mice exhibited similar levels of insulin resistance (interaction effect of genotype × diet p < 0.05). Treatment of L6-GLUT4-myc myocytes with palmitate lower β-catenin protein expression by 75% (p = 0.02), and attenuated insulin-stimulated β-catenin phosphorylationS552 and actin remodeling (interaction effect of insulin × palmitate p < 0.05). Finally, β-cateninS552 phosphorylation was 45% lower in muscle biopsies from men with type 2 diabetes while total β-catenin expression was unchanged. These findings suggest that β-catenin dysfunction is associated with the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart W. C. Masson
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Waruni C. Dissanayake
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Sophie C. Broome
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Christopher P. Hedges
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Wouter M. Peeters
- School of Sport, Exercise and NutritionMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
- Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - Martin Gram
- School of Sport, Exercise and NutritionMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - David S. Rowlands
- School of Sport, Exercise and NutritionMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Peter R. Shepherd
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Troy L. Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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Wei H, Cui D. Pyroptosis and Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11638. [PMID: 36232938 PMCID: PMC9570443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle serves as the optimal effective organ to balance glucose homeostasis, but insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle breaks this balance by impeding glucose uptake and causes metabolic disorders. IR in skeletal muscle is caused by multiple factors, and it has been reported that systemic low-grade inflammation is related to skeletal muscle IR, though its molecular mechanisms need to be ulteriorly studied. Pyroptosis is a novel inflammatory-mediated type of cell death. It has recently been reported that pyroptosis is associated with a decline in insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. The appropriate occurrence of pyroptosis positively eliminates pathogenic factors, whereas its excessive activation may aggravate inflammatory responses and expedite disease progression. The relationship between pyroptosis and IR in skeletal muscle and its underlined mechanism need to be further illustrated. The role of pyroptosis during the process of IR alleviation induced by non-drug interventions, such as exercise, also needs to be clarified. In this paper, we review and describe the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and further comb the roles of its relevant key factors in skeletal muscle IR, aiming to propose a novel theoretical basis for the relationship between pyroptosis and muscle IR and provide new research targets for the improvement of IR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Di Cui
- College of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China
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Cheng H, Yao Y, Chen H, Zhao P, Kang X, Zhou X, Liu W, Yang X. Discovery of bicyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum himalaicum with glucose transporter 4 translocation activity. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106160. [PMID: 36179442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhimatins A-P (1-16), sixteen new bicyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (BPAPs), were isolated and identified from Hypericum himalaicum. The planner structures of hyperhimatins A-P were confirmed via extensive NMR and careful HRESIMS data analysis. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were mainly determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation, NMR calculation, and the circular dichroism data of the in situ formed [Rh2(OCOCF3)4] complexes. All compounds were assessed for the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) translocation and expression enhancing effects in L6 myotubes. Compounds 1-16 could promote the GLUT-4 expression by the range of 1.95-6.04 folds, and accelerate the GLUT-4 fusion with the plasma membrane ranged from 53.56% to 76.97% at a consistence of 30 μg/mL, among compound 10 displayed the strongest GLUT-4 translocation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanhong Yao
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huijian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinyi Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiuteng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wenqi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Pei J, Prasad M, Mohamed Helal G, El-Sherbiny M, Abdelmonem Elsherbini DM, Rajagopal P, Palanisamy CP, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S, Surapaneni KM. Beta-Sitosterol Facilitates GLUT4 Vesicle Fusion on the Plasma Membrane via the Activation of Rab/IRAP/Munc 18 Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Gastrocnemius Muscle of Adult Male Rats. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:7772305. [PMID: 35992048 PMCID: PMC9388314 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7772305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional overload in the form of high-fat and nonglycolysis sugar intake contributes towards the accelerated creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Glucose absorption and its subsequent oxidation processes in fat and muscle tissues alter as a consequence of these modifications. Insulin resistance (IR) caused glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to encounter a challenge that manifested itself as changes in glycolytic pathways and insulin signaling. We previously found that beta (β)-sitosterol reduces IR in fat tissue via IRS-1/PI3K/Akt facilitated signaling due to its hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activity. The intention of this research was to see whether the phytosterol β-sitosterol can aid in the translocation of GLUT4 in rats fed on high-fat diet (HFD) and sucrose by promoting Rab/IRAP/Munc 18 signaling molecules. The rats were labeled into four groups, namely control rats, HFD and sucrose-induced diabetic control rats, HFD and sucrose-induced diabetic rats given oral dose of 20 mg/kg body wt./day of β-sitosterol treatment for 30 days, and HFD and sucrose-induced diabetic animals given oral administration of 50 mg/kg body wt./day metformin for 30 days. Diabetic rats administered with β-sitosterol and normalized the titers of blood glucose, serum insulin, serum testosterone, and the status of insulin tolerance and oral glucose tolerance. In comparison with the control group, β-sitosterol effectively regulated both glycolytic and gluconeogenesis enzymes. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis of the mRNA levels of key regulatory genes such as SNAP23, VAMP-2, syntaxin-4, IRAP, vimentin, and SPARC revealed that β-sitosterol significantly regulated the mRNA levels of the above genes in diabetic gastrocnemius muscle. Protein expression analysis of Rab10, IRAP, vimentin, and GLUT4 demonstrated that β-sitosterol had a positive effect on these proteins, resulting in effective GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle. According to the findings, β-sitosterol reduced HFD and sucrose-induced IR and augmented GLUT4 translocation in gastrocnemius muscle through insulin signaling modulation via Rab/IRAP/Munc 18 and glucose metabolic enzymes. The present work is the first of its kind to show that β-sitosterol facilitates GLUT4 vesicle fusion on the plasma membrane via Rab/IRAP/Munc 18 signaling molecules in gastrocnemius muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinJin Pei
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains, Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Monisha Prasad
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Ghada Mohamed Helal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Mahmoud Abdelmonem Elsherbini
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai 600078, India
| | - Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Surapaneni
- Departments of Biochemistry,Molecular Virology,Medical Education,Research,Clinical Skills & Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai 600123, India
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12
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Moheet A, Moran A. New Concepts in the Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1503-1509. [PMID: 35106591 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is the most common extrapulmonary complication of cystic fibrosis (CF). Approximately 40% of people with CF who are older than 20 years have CFRD. Presence of CFRD is associated with poor health outcomes in people with CF. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes current knowledge on pathophysiology of CFRD. METHODS A PubMed review of the literature was conducted, with search terms that included CFRD, cystic fibrosis, cystic fibrosis related diabetes, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Additional sources were identified through manual searches of reference lists. Pathophysiology of CFRD: The pathophysiology underlying development of glucose tolerance abnormalities in CF is complex and not fully understood. β-cell loss and functional impairment of the remaining β-cell function results in progressive insulin insufficiency. Factors that may contribute to development of CFRD include local islet and systemic inflammation, alterations in the incretion hormone axis, varying degrees of insulin resistance and genetic factors related to type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION The prevalence of CFRD is expected to further increase with improving life expectancy of people with CF. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the development of CFRD and the impact of diabetes on clinical outcomes in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Moheet
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Antoinette Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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13
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Mechanism of glycometabolism regulation by bioactive compounds from the fruits of Lycium barbarum: A review. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Sinha S, Haque M. Insulin Resistance Is Cheerfully Hitched with Hypertension. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:564. [PMID: 35455055 PMCID: PMC9028820 DOI: 10.3390/life12040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have risen steadily worldwide, particularly in low-income and developing countries. In the last hundred years, deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases increased rapidly to 35-40%, becoming the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is aggravated by hypertension. Hypertension and diabetes are closely interlinked since they have similar risk factors such as endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, arterial remodeling, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Patients with high blood pressure often show insulin resistance and have a higher risk of developing diabetes than normotensive individuals. It has been observed that over the last 30 years, the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) has increased significantly. Accordingly, hypertension and insulin resistance are strongly related to an increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and endocrine disorders. Common mechanisms, for instance, upregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and activation of the immune system, possibly have a role in the association between diabetes and hypertension. Altogether these abnormalities significantly increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Sinha
- Department of Physiology, Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, 33 KDA Avenue, Hotel Royal Mor, Khulna Sadar, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh;
| | - Mainul Haque
- The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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15
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Miao R, Fang X, Wei J, Wu H, Wang X, Tian J. Akt: A Potential Drug Target for Metabolic Syndrome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:822333. [PMID: 35330934 PMCID: PMC8940245 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.822333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), is one of the key factors regulating glucose and lipid energy metabolism, and is the core focus of current research on diabetes and metabolic diseases. Akt is mostly expressed in key metabolism-related organs and it is activated in response to various stimuli, including cell stress, cell movement, and various hormones and drugs that affect cell metabolism. Genetic and pharmacological studies have shown that Akt is necessary to maintain the steady state of glucose and lipid metabolism and a variety of cellular responses. Existing evidence shows that metabolic syndrome is related to insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders. Based on a large number of studies on Akt-related pathways and reactions, we believe that Akt can be used as a potential drug target to effectively treat metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahua Wei
- Graduate College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Ma J, Zhang X, Song Y, Qin Y, Tan Y, Zheng L, Cheng B, Xi X. D609 inhibition of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C attenuates prolonged insulin stimulation-mediated GLUT4 downregulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:355-363. [PMID: 35048323 PMCID: PMC9242966 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glucose uptake is stimulated by insulin via stimulation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane from intracellular compartments in adipose tissue and muscles. Insulin stimulation for prolonged periods depletes GLUT4 protein, particularly in highly insulin-responsive GLUT4 storage vesicles. This depletion mainly occurs via H2O2-mediated retromer inhibition. However, the post-receptor mechanism of insulin activation of oxidative stress remains unknown. Here, we show that phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) plays an important role in insulin-mediated downregulation of GLUT4. In the study, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to a PC-PLC inhibitor, tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609), for 30 min prior to the stimulation with 500 nM insulin for 4 h, weakening the depletion of GLUT4. D609 also prevents insulin-driven H2O2 generation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Exogenous PC-PLC and its product, phosphocholine (PCho), also caused GLUT4 depletion and promoted H2O2 generation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, insulin-mediated the increase in the cellular membrane PC-PLC activity was observed in Amplex Red assays. These results suggested that PC-PLC plays an important role in insulin-mediated downregulation of GLUT4 and that PCho may serve as a signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Baoding Maternal and Child Hospital, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yankun Song
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yinghui Tan
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Lishuang Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Baoqian Cheng
- School of Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xin Xi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
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17
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Pánico P, Velasco M, Salazar AM, Picones A, Ortiz-Huidobro RI, Guerrero-Palomo G, Salgado-Bernabé ME, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Hiriart M. Is Arsenic Exposure a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome? A Review of the Potential Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:878280. [PMID: 35651975 PMCID: PMC9150370 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.878280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is a worldwide health problem. This pollutant is associated with increased risk of developing chronic diseases, including metabolic diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology that results from the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. This condition increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The MS includes at least three of the following signs, central obesity, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, dyslipidemias, and hypertension. Here, we summarize the existing evidence of the multiple mechanisms triggered by arsenic to developing the cardinal signs of MS, showing that this pollutant could contribute to the multifactorial origin of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pánico
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Picones
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Guerrero-Palomo
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Eduardo Salgado-Bernabé
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Marcia Hiriart,
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18
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Passarelli M, Machado UF. AGEs-Induced and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/Inflammation-Mediated Regulation of GLUT4 Expression and Atherogenesis in Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2021; 11:104. [PMID: 35011666 PMCID: PMC8750246 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, complex and exquisite pathways involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inflammatory stress responses have been demonstrated to participate in the development and progression of numerous diseases, among them diabetes mellitus (DM). In those pathways, several players participate in both, reflecting a complicated interplay between ER and inflammatory stress. In DM, ER and inflammatory stress are involved in both the pathogenesis of the loss of glycemic control and the development of degenerative complications. Furthermore, hyperglycemia increases the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which in turn refeed ER and inflammatory stress, contributing to worsening glycemic homeostasis and to accelerating the development of DM complications. In this review, we present the current knowledge regarding AGEs-induced and ER/inflammation-mediated regulation of the expression of GLUT4 (solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4), as a marker of glycemic homeostasis and of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development/progression, as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Passarelli
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil;
- Programa de Pos-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan Fabres Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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19
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Wang P, Li CG, Zhou X, Ding S. Transcription factor EB enhances autophagy and ameliorates palmitate-induced insulin resistance at least partly via upregulating AMPK activity in skeletal muscle cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:302-310. [PMID: 34614219 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the role of transcription factor EB (TFEB) in protecting C2C12 myotubes against palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance (IR) and explored its mechanism associated with autophagy. PA treatment significantly decreased insulin sensitivity in myotubes and downregulated TFEB protein expression. TFEB overexpression significantly reversed the PA-suppressed glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein expression and improved intracellular glucose uptake and consumption, and also alleviated the decrease of autophagy markers induced by PA. The effect of TFEB overexpression on GLUT4 was also abolished by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. In addition, AMPKɑ2-DN inhibited or abolished the effects of TFEB overexpression on upregulation of GLUT4 and PA-induced decrease of autophagy marker expressions. Taken together, our data demonstrated that upregulation of TFEB improved PA-induced IR in C2C12 myotubes by enhancing autophagy and upregulating AMPK activity. TFEB, as a critical regulator of glucose homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells, may be a potential therapeutic target for IR and Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- School of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,School of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Wang CC, Chen HJ, Chan DC, Chiu CY, Liu SH, Lan KC. Low-Dose Acrolein, an Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Molecule, Inhibits Glucose Transport via an Inhibition of Akt-Regulated GLUT4 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137228. [PMID: 34281282 PMCID: PMC8268984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary acrolein adduct levels have been reported to be increased in both habitual smokers and type-2 diabetic patients. The impairment of glucose transport in skeletal muscles is a major factor responsible for glucose uptake reduction in type-2 diabetic patients. The effect of acrolein on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether acrolein affects muscular glucose metabolism in vitro and glucose tolerance in vivo. Exposure of mice to acrolein (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks substantially increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. The glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) protein expression was significantly decreased in soleus muscles of acrolein-treated mice. The glucose uptake was significantly decreased in differentiated C2C12 myotubes treated with a non-cytotoxic dose of acrolein (1 μM) for 24 and 72 h. Acrolein (0.5–2 μM) also significantly decreased the GLUT4 expression in myotubes. Acrolein suppressed the phosphorylation of glucose metabolic signals IRS1, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and GSK3α/β. Over-expression of constitutive activation of Akt reversed the inhibitory effects of acrolein on GLUT4 protein expression and glucose uptake in myotubes. These results suggest that acrolein at doses relevant to human exposure dysregulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells and impairs glucose tolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University & Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Jen Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Ding-Cheng Chan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Yuan Chiu
- Center of Consultation, Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University & Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (K.-C.L.)
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (K.-C.L.)
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21
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Nadig P, Asanaliyar M, Salis KM. Establishment of long-term high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin-induced experimental type-2 diabetes mellitus model of insulin resistance and evaluation of seed extracts of Syzygium cumini. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2021.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The principal mechanism responsible for reducing blood glucose is through insulin-stimulated glucose transport into skeletal muscle. The transporter protein that mediates this uptake is GLUT-4. A defect in this step is associated with reduced glucose utilization in muscle and adipose tissue, as observed in insulin-resistant type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aimed to develop an experimental T2DM model and evaluate altered glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) levels as a biomarker of insulin resistance. Antidiabetic activities of Syzygium cumini hydro-ethanolic seed extracts (SCE) were also evaluated. Methods: Adult male Wistar albino rats were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and dosed intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). After treatment for 21 days, all investigations were done. The homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA) was used for the calculation of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-B) index. Diaphragm muscle and retroperitoneal fat were collected for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies. Results: A significant increase in fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, and serum lipids, and a decrease in serum insulin and HOMA-B were observed in the diabetic group, effects that reversed following pioglitazone and SCE treatment. The diabetic group showed a downregulation of GLUT-4 expression in skeletal muscle while an increase was observed in adipose tissue. Conclusion: A high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin-induced experimental T2DM model of insulin resistance was developed to screen novel insulin sensitizers. Data generated demonstrated that altered GLUT-4 levels could be used as a biomarker of insulin resistance. Antidiabetic activity of S. cumini hydro-ethanolic seed extract was also confirmed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Nadig
- Department of Pharmacology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Meharban Asanaliyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Kevin Manohar Salis
- Department of Pharmacology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
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22
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Huang X, Tan J, Chen X, Liu M, Zhu H, Li W, He Z, Han J, Ma C. Akt Phosphorylation Influences Persistent Chlamydial Infection and Chlamydia-Induced Golgi Fragmentation Without Involving Rab14. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:675890. [PMID: 34169005 PMCID: PMC8218875 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.675890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes multiple diseases involving the eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary system. Previous studies have identified that in acute chlamydial infection, C. trachomatis requires Akt pathway phosphorylation and Rab14-positive vesicles to transmit essential lipids from the Golgi apparatus in survival and replication. However, the roles that Akt phosphorylation and Rab14 play in persistent chlamydial infection remain unclear. Here, we discovered that the level of Akt phosphorylation was lower in persistent chlamydial infection, and positively correlated with the effect of activating the development of Chlamydia but did not change the infectivity and 16s rRNA gene expression. Rab14 was found to exert a limited effect on persistent infection. Akt phosphorylation might regulate Chlamydia development and Chlamydia-induced Golgi fragmentation in persistent infection without involving Rab14. Our results provide a new insight regarding the potential of synergistic repressive effects of an Akt inhibitor with antibiotics in the treatment of persistent chlamydial infection induced by penicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Tan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingna Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjian He
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiande Han
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunguang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Mishra D, Dey CS. PKCα: Prospects in Regulating Insulin Resistance and AD. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:341-350. [PMID: 33858742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) is known to participate in various signaling pathways due to its ubiquitous and dynamic characteristics. Previous studies report that PKCα abrogates peripheral insulin resistance, and recent publications show that it takes part in regulating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on evidence in the literature, we have highlighted how many of the substrates of PKCα in its signal transduction cascades are common in AD and diabetes and may have the capability to regulate both diseases simultaneously. Signaling pathways crosslinking these two diseases by PKCα have not been explored. Understanding the complexities of PKCα interactions with common molecules will deepen our understanding of its regulation of relevant pathophysiologies and, in the future, may broaden the possibility of using PKCα as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanshi Mishra
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Chinmoy Sankar Dey
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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24
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Dille MJ, Baydin T, Kristiansen KA, Draget KI. The impact of emulsion droplet size on in vitro lipolysis rate and in vivo plasma uptake kinetics of triglycerides and vitamin D 3 in rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:3219-3232. [PMID: 33877246 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03386c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Emulsions play an important role in the process of triglyceride (TG) digestion (lipolysis). Through emulsification, the oil-water interface is increased by orders of magnitude. This often leads to faster and more efficient lipolysis, which is potentially beneficial for the intestinal uptake of oils and lipophilic compounds. In this paper, we first examined the effect of emulsion droplet size on the in vitro lipolysis rate. Then an in vivo experiment was performed, to examine the plasma uptake kinetics of TGs and vitamin D3 (vitD3) over a 24 hours period after oral administration of the emulsions in rats. Basic corn oil emulsions loaded with vitD3 were prepared using polysorbate 80 as the emulsifier, with three different droplet sizes (D[3,2]): ∼3 μm (large), ∼1 μm (medium) and ∼0.3 μm (small). In vitro lipolysis experiments showed, as expected, that smaller droplets were lipolyzed more rapidly. However, the medium emulsion had by far the highest rate of lipolysis per surface area. This was attributed to bile salt limitation, polysorbate 80 lipolysis inhibition and TG digestion product accumulation. In vivo, the two smallest emulsions showed the highest uptake (Cmax and AUC) of vitD3 and TG, while the largest emulsion and bulk oil control showed lower values. However, only the (incremental) TG plasma values and kinetics displayed some statistically significant differences. These findings may have relevance for the formulation of functional foods/beverages or delivery units containing oils or lipophilic bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten J Dille
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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25
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Ramos PA, Lytle KA, Delivanis D, Nielsen S, LeBrasseur NK, Jensen MD. Insulin-Stimulated Muscle Glucose Uptake and Insulin Signaling in Lean and Obese Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1631-e1646. [PMID: 33382888 PMCID: PMC7993573 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Skeletal muscle is the primary site for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, and muscle insulin resistance is central to abnormal glucose metabolism in obesity. Whether muscle insulin signaling to the level of Akt/AS160 is intact in insulin-resistant obese humans is controversial. METHODS We defined a linear range of insulin-stimulated systemic and leg glucose uptake in 14 obese and 14 nonobese volunteers using a 2-step insulin clamp (Protocol 1) and then examined the obesity-related defects in muscle insulin action in 16 nonobese and 25 obese male and female volunteers matched for fitness using a 1-step, hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp coupled with muscle biopsies (Protocol 2). RESULTS Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (Si) was reduced by > 60% (P < 0.0001) in the obese group in Protocol 2; however, the phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream effector AS160 were not different between nonobese and obese groups. The increase in phosphorylation of Akt2 in response to insulin was positively correlated with Si for both the nonobese (r = 0.53, P = 0.03) and the obese (r = 0.55, P = 0.01) groups. Total muscle GLUT4 protein was 17% less (P < 0.05) in obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that reduced muscle glucose uptake in obesity is not due to defects in the insulin signaling pathway at the level of Akt/AS160, which suggests there remain significant gaps in our knowledge of muscle insulin resistance in obesity. Our data imply that models of acute lipotoxicity do not replicate the pathophysiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Ramos
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kelli A Lytle
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Søren Nielsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Michael D Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Correspondence: Michael D. Jensen, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Joseph Rm 5–194, Rochester MN 55905, USA.
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Jorquera G, Russell J, Monsalves-Álvarez M, Cruz G, Valladares-Ide D, Basualto-Alarcón C, Barrientos G, Estrada M, Llanos P. NLRP3 Inflammasome: Potential Role in Obesity Related Low-Grade Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063254. [PMID: 33806797 PMCID: PMC8005007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among multiple mechanisms, low-grade inflammation is critical for the development of insulin resistance as a feature of type 2 diabetes. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family (NOD-like) pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been linked to the development of insulin resistance in various tissues; however, its role in the development of insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle has not been explored in depth. Currently, there is limited evidence that supports the pathological role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in glucose handling in the skeletal muscle of obese individuals. Here, we have centered our focus on insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, which is the main site of postprandial glucose disposal in humans. We discuss the current evidence showing that the NLRP3 inflammasome disturbs glucose homeostasis. We also review how NLRP3-associated interleukin and its gasdermin D-mediated efflux could affect insulin-dependent intracellular pathways. Finally, we address pharmacological NLRP3 inhibitors that may have a therapeutical use in obesity-related metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Jorquera
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Javier Russell
- Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8900000, Chile;
| | - Matías Monsalves-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile; (M.M.-Á.); (D.V.-I.)
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Denisse Valladares-Ide
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile; (M.M.-Á.); (D.V.-I.)
| | - Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile;
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Genaro Barrientos
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (G.B.); (M.E.)
- Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (G.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Paola Llanos
- Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-229-781-727
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Chamberlain LH, Shipston MJ, Gould GW. Regulatory effects of protein S-acylation on insulin secretion and insulin action. Open Biol 2021; 11:210017. [PMID: 33784857 PMCID: PMC8061761 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination are well-studied events with a recognized importance in all aspects of cellular function. By contrast, protein S-acylation, although a widespread PTM with important functions in most physiological systems, has received far less attention. Perturbations in S-acylation are linked to various disorders, including intellectual disability, cancer and diabetes, suggesting that this less-studied modification is likely to be of considerable biological importance. As an exemplar, in this review, we focus on the newly emerging links between S-acylation and the hormone insulin. Specifically, we examine how S-acylation regulates key components of the insulin secretion and insulin response pathways. The proteins discussed highlight the diverse array of proteins that are modified by S-acylation, including channels, transporters, receptors and trafficking proteins and also illustrate the diverse effects that S-acylation has on these proteins, from membrane binding and micro-localization to regulation of protein sorting and protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke H. Chamberlain
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael J. Shipston
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gwyn W. Gould
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Gu J, Zhang W, Wu L, Gu Y. CFTR Deficiency Affects Glucose Homeostasis via Regulating GLUT4 Plasma Membrane Transportation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:630654. [PMID: 33659254 PMCID: PMC7917208 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.630654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. CF-related diabetes (CFRD) is one of the most prevalent comorbidities of CF. Altered glucose homeostasis has been reported in CF patients. The mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Besides the consequence of pancreatic endocrine dysfunction, we focus on insulin-responsive tissues and glucose transportation to explain glucose homeostasis alteration in CFRD. Herein, we found that CFTR knockout mice exhibited insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. Furthermore, we demonstrated insulin-induced glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the cell membrane was abnormal in the CFTR knockout mice muscle fibers, suggesting that defective intracellular GLUT4 transportation may be the cause of impaired insulin responses and glucose homeostasis. We further demonstrated that PI(4,5)P2 could rescue CFTR related defective intracellular GLUT4 transportation, and CFTR could regulate PI(4,5)P2 cellular level through PIP5KA, suggesting PI(4,5)P2 is a down-stream signal of CFTR. Our results revealed a new signal mechanism of CFTR in GLUT4 translocation regulation, which helps explain glucose homeostasis alteration in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhong Gu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lida Wu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchun Gu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Translational and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Proença C, Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. A comprehensive review on the antidiabetic activity of flavonoids targeting PTP1B and DPP-4: a structure-activity relationship analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4095-4151. [PMID: 33554619 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1872483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an expanding global health problem, resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. In the past few years, both protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), as well as their role in T2D, have attracted the attention of the scientific community. PTP1B plays an important role in insulin resistance and is currently one of the most promising targets for the treatment of T2D, since no available PTP1B inhibitors were still approved. DPP-4 inhibitors are among the most recent agents used in the treatment of T2D (although its use has been associated with possible cardiovascular adverse events). The antidiabetic properties of flavonoids are well-recognized, and include inhibitory effects on the above enzymes, although hitherto not therapeutically explored. In the present study, a comprehensive review of the literature of both synthetic and natural isolated flavonoids as inhibitors of PTP1B and DPP-4 activities is made, including their type of inhibition and experimental conditions, and structure-activity relationship, covering a total of 351 compounds. We intend to provide the most favorable chemical features of flavonoids for the inhibition of PTP1B and DPP-4, gathering information for the future development of compounds with improved potential as T2D therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Complexin-2 redistributes to the membrane of muscle cells in response to insulin and contributes to GLUT4 translocation. Biochem J 2021; 478:407-422. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in muscle cells by rapidly redistributing vesicles containing GLUT4 glucose transporters from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane (PM). GLUT4 vesicle fusion requires the formation of SNARE complexes between vesicular VAMP and PM syntaxin4 and SNAP23. SNARE accessory proteins usually regulate vesicle fusion processes. Complexins aide in neuro-secretory vesicle-membrane fusion by stabilizing trans-SNARE complexes but their participation in GLUT4 vesicle fusion is unknown. We report that complexin-2 is expressed and homogeneously distributed in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. Upon insulin stimulation, a cohort of complexin-2 redistributes to the PM. Complexin-2 knockdown markedly inhibited GLUT4 translocation without affecting proximal insulin signalling of Akt/PKB phosphorylation and actin fiber remodelling. Similarly, complexin-2 overexpression decreased maximal GLUT4 translocation suggesting that the concentration of complexin-2 is finely tuned to vesicle fusion. These findings reveal an insulin-dependent regulation of GLUT4 insertion into the PM involving complexin-2.
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Estrogen and Glycemic Homeostasis: The Fundamental Role of Nuclear Estrogen Receptors ESR1/ESR2 in Glucose Transporter GLUT4 Regulation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010099. [PMID: 33430527 PMCID: PMC7827878 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired circulating estrogen levels have been related to impaired glycemic homeostasis and diabetes mellitus (DM), both in females and males. However, for the last twenty years, the relationship between estrogen, glycemic homeostasis and the mechanisms involved has remained unclear. The characterization of estrogen receptors 1 and 2 (ESR1 and ESR2) and of insulin-sensitive glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) finally offered a great opportunity to shed some light on estrogen regulation of glycemic homeostasis. In this manuscript, we review the relationship between estrogen and DM, focusing on glycemic homeostasis, estrogen, ESR1/ESR2 and GLUT4. We review glycemic homeostasis and GLUT4 expression (muscle and adipose tissues) in Esr1−/− and Esr2−/− transgenic mice. We specifically address estradiol-induced and ESR1/ESR2-mediated regulation of the solute carrier family 2 member 4 (Slc2a4) gene, examining ESR1/ESR2-mediated genomic mechanisms that regulate Slc2a4 transcription, especially those occurring in cooperation with other transcription factors. In addition, we address the estradiol-induced translocation of ESR1 and GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. Studies make it clear that ESR1-mediated effects are beneficial, whereas ESR2-mediated effects are detrimental to glycemic homeostasis. Thus, imbalance of the ESR1/ESR2 ratio may have important consequences in metabolism, highlighting that ESR2 hyperactivity assumes a diabetogenic role.
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Pektor S, Lawaczeck L, Tenzer S, Bausbacher N, Hoffmann MA, Schreckenberger M, Miederer M. Characterization of activation induced [18]F-FDG uptake in Dendritic Cells. Nuklearmedizin 2020; 60:90-98. [PMID: 33327008 DOI: 10.1055/a-1308-0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Activation of immune cells leads to enhanced glucose uptake that can be visualized by [18]F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18]F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Dendritic cells (DC) are essential for the function of the adaptive immune system. In contrast to other immune cells metabolic changes leading to an increase of [18]F-FDG uptake are poorly investigated. Here, we analysed the impact of different DC activation pathways on their [18]F-FDG uptake. This effect was then used to radiolabel DC with [18]F-FDG and track their migration in vivo. METHODS DC were generated from bone marrow progenitors (BMDC) or isolated from spleens (SPDC) of C57BL/6 mice. After stimulation with the TLR ligands LPS and CpG or anti-CD40 antibody for up to 72 hours activation markers and glucose transporters (GLUTs) were measured by flow cytometry. Uptake of [18]F-FDG was measured by gamma-counting. DC lysates were analysed for expression of glycolysis relevant proteins by mass spectrometry (MS). [18]F-FDG-labeled DC were injected into footpads of mice to image DC migration. RESULTS BMDC and SPDC showed strong upregulation of activation markers predominantly 24 hours after TLR stimulation followed by higher uptake of [18]F-FDG. In line with this, the expression of GLUTs was upregulated during the course of activation. Furthermore, MS analyses of DC lysates revealed differential regulation of glycolysis relevant proteins according to the stimulatory pathway. As a proof of principle, DC were labeled with [18]F-FDG upon activation to follow their migration in vivo via PET/MRI. CONCLUSION Immune stimulation of DC leads to enhanced [18]F-FDG uptake into DC, representing the typical shift to aerobic glycolysis in immune cells after activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Pektor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura Lawaczeck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Bausbacher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuela Andrea Hoffmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany.,Federal Ministry of Defense, Department of Occupational Health & Safety, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Miederer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
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Setiawan I, Adriani L, Goenawan H, Murniati Tarawan V, Lesmana R. Effect of Differents Cowmilk and Soymilk (soy yogurt) Formulation on Blood Glucose Level and <i>Glut4</i> Gene Expression in Rats Soleus Muscle. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1607-1613. [PMID: 33274893 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1607.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Soy yogurt is fermented soy milk and its nutrient-rich with isoflavones. Soy yogurt decreases blood glucose levels by utilizing the conversion of isoflavones. This study aimed to analyze the effect of soy yogurt on blood glucose level and Glut4 gene expression on rats' soleus muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five rats (eighteen-weeks old) were divided into 5 groups, e.g., the control (P0), positive control (P1, 100% yogurt) and three treatment groups (P2, 50% soy yogurt+50% yogurt; P3, 75% yogurt+25% soy yogurt and P4, 75% soy yogurt+25% yogurt). All treatment groups were treated with different soy yogurt formula and administered for 12 weeks by gavaging. Under anesthetized, rats were sacrificed, then blood samples and soleus muscle were collected and stored at -80°C until use. RNA was extracted from soleus muscle and run for Glut4 mRNA expression using (RT)-PCR. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and followed by post hoc test LSD (Least Significant Differences test). RESULTS There is no difference in rat body weight among groups after 12 weeks of soy yogurt consumption. Blood glucose levels were decreased at least 25% lower level compared to the control baseline by the various formulation of soy yogurt. Interestingly, there is a distinct pattern of Glut4 mRNA expression level in the soleus muscle, P1 increased the expression but not with other formulations decreased the expression (P2, P3 and P4). CONCLUSION Taken together, a different formulation of soymilk and cowmilk effectively reduces blood glucose level and modulates Glut4 mRNA expression. In addition, a specific combination of bacteria type for fermenting soy yogurt could be a key to effectiveness for modulating blood glucose levels.
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Giacometti J, Muhvić D, Grubić-Kezele T, Nikolić M, Šoić-Vranić T, Bajek S. Olive Leaf Polyphenols (OLPs) Stimulate GLUT4 Expression and Translocation in the Skeletal Muscle of Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238981. [PMID: 33256066 PMCID: PMC7729747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are high-insulin tissues responsible for disposing of glucose via the highly regulated process of facilitated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Impaired insulin action in diabetes, as well as disorders of GLUT4 vesicle trafficking in the muscle, are involved in defects in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Since the Rab GTPases are the main regulators of vesicular membrane transport in exo- and endo-cytosis, in the present work, we studied the effect of olive leaf polyphenols (OLPs) on Rab8A, Rab13, and Rab14 proteins of the rat soleus muscle in a model of streptozotocin (SZT)-induced diabetes (DM) in a dose-dependent manner. Glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were determined in the blood, morphological changes of the muscle tissue were captured by hematoxylin and eosin histological staining, and expression of GLUT4, Rab8A, Rab13, and Rab14 proteins were analyzed in the rat soleus muscle by the immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting. OLPs significantly reduced blood glucose level in all treated groups. Furthermore, significantly reduced blood triglycerides were found in the groups with the lowest and highest OLPs treatment. The dynamics of activation of Rab8A, Rab13, and Rab14 was OLPs dose-dependent and more effective at higher OLP doses. Thus, these results indicate a beneficial role of phenolic compounds from the olive leaf in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Giacometti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-51-584-557
| | - Damir Muhvić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.M.); (T.G.-K.)
| | - Tanja Grubić-Kezele
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.M.); (T.G.-K.)
- Clinical Department for Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marina Nikolić
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.N.); (T.Š.-V.); (S.B.)
| | - Tamara Šoić-Vranić
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.N.); (T.Š.-V.); (S.B.)
| | - Snježana Bajek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.N.); (T.Š.-V.); (S.B.)
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Tini G, Varma V, Lombardo R, Nolen GT, Lefebvre G, Descombes P, Métairon S, Priami C, Kaput J, Scott-Boyer MP. DNA methylation during human adipogenesis and the impact of fructose. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:21. [PMID: 33243154 PMCID: PMC7691080 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased adipogenesis and altered adipocyte function contribute to the development of obesity and associated comorbidities. Fructose modified adipocyte metabolism compared to glucose, but the regulatory mechanisms and consequences for obesity are unknown. Genome-wide methylation and global transcriptomics in SGBS pre-adipocytes exposed to 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM fructose, added to a 5-mM glucose-containing medium, were analyzed at 0, 24, 48, 96, 192, and 384 h following the induction of adipogenesis. RESULTS Time-dependent changes in DNA methylation compared to baseline (0 h) occurred during the final maturation of adipocytes, between 192 and 384 h. Larger percentages (0.1% at 192 h, 3.2% at 384 h) of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were found in adipocytes differentiated in the glucose-containing control media compared to adipocytes differentiated in fructose-supplemented media (0.0006% for 10 mM, 0.001% for 5 mM, and 0.005% for 2.5 mM at 384 h). A total of 1437 DMRs were identified in 5237 differentially expressed genes at 384 h post-induction in glucose-containing (5 mM) control media. The majority of them inversely correlated with the gene expression, but 666 regions were positively correlated to the gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that DNA methylation regulates or marks the transformation of morphologically differentiating adipocytes (seen at 192 h), to the more mature and metabolically robust adipocytes (as seen at 384 h) in a genome-wide manner. Lower (2.5 mM) concentrations of fructose have the most robust effects on methylation compared to higher concentrations (5 and 10 mM), suggesting that fructose may be playing a signaling/regulatory role at lower concentrations of fructose and as a substrate at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tini
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38050, Povo, Italy.,Present address: Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | - Vijayalakshmi Varma
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.,Present Address: Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism Division of MedImmune, Astrazeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Rosario Lombardo
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Greg T Nolen
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | | | | | | | - Corrado Priami
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jim Kaput
- Nestlé Institute of Health Science, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Present Addresses: Vydiant Inc., Folsom, CA, 95630, USA
| | - Marie-Pier Scott-Boyer
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy. .,Present Address: CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada.
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Batista TM, Jayavelu AK, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Iovino S, Lebastchi J, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Krook A, Zierath JR, Mann M, Kahn CR. A Cell-Autonomous Signature of Dysregulated Protein Phosphorylation Underlies Muscle Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab 2020; 32:844-859.e5. [PMID: 32888406 PMCID: PMC7875546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is the earliest defect in type 2 diabetes (T2D), preceding and predicting disease development. To what extent this reflects a primary defect or is secondary to tissue cross talk due to changes in hormones or circulating metabolites is unknown. To address this question, we have developed an in vitro disease-in-a-dish model using iPS cells from T2D patients differentiated into myoblasts (iMyos). We find that T2D iMyos in culture exhibit multiple defects mirroring human disease, including an altered insulin signaling, decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and reduced mitochondrial oxidation. More strikingly, global phosphoproteomic analysis reveals a multidimensional network of signaling defects in T2D iMyos going beyond the canonical insulin-signaling cascade, including proteins involved in regulation of Rho GTPases, mRNA splicing and/or processing, vesicular trafficking, gene transcription, and chromatin remodeling. These cell-autonomous defects and the dysregulated network of protein phosphorylation reveal a new dimension in the cellular mechanisms underlying the fundamental defects in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Batista
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar Jayavelu
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Iovino
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jasmin Lebastchi
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Li L, Bai Y, Du R, Tang L, Li L. The role of Smad4 in the regulation of insulin resistance, inflammation and cell proliferation in HTR8-Svneo cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:126-138. [PMID: 33079408 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder whose major pathophysiological basis is demonstrated as placental insulin resistance (IR), while Smad4 always functions in the signal transduction of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway. Our study aims to figure out the role of Smad4 in an insulin resistance (IR) cellular model using placental trophoblast cell line. Importantly, HTR8-Svneo cells, in the status of IR, indicated a significant increase in the expression of Smad4. Subsequently, the HTR8-Svneo cell line with up-regulated or depleted Smad4 was respectively achieved by the effective over-expressed plasmid or siRNA of Smad4. We found out that the deficiency of Smad4 could promote the insulin sensitivity and restrict the inflammatory response in IR group of cells with significant augment in glucose uptake, up-regulation of insulin signalling-related molecules and attenuation in inflammatory biomarker expressions. On the contrary, the over-expression of Smad4 showed a reversal effect on these alterations in IR group of cells. Besides, the positive effect of Smad4 on cell viability was also observed in our study. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder whose major pathophysiological basis is demonstrated as insulin resistance (IR). Importantly, our findings indicate that the deficiency of Smad4 significantly improves the insulin sensitivity and relieves the inflammation in the cellular model of IR. Besides, the positive effect of Smad4 on cell viability was also observed in our study. Our present findings provide novel insights for the investigation on molecular details about the GDM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Runyu Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Eilers W, Chambers D, Cleasby M, Foster K. Local myostatin inhibition improves skeletal muscle glucose uptake in insulin-resistant high-fat diet-fed mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E163-E174. [PMID: 32459523 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00185.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin inhibition is thought to improve whole body insulin sensitivity and mitigate the development of insulin resistance in models of obesity. However, although myostatin is known to be a major regulator of skeletal muscle mass, the direct effects of myostatin inhibition in muscle on glucose uptake and the mechanisms that may underlie this are still unclear. We investigated the effect of local myostatin inhibition by adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of the myostatin propeptide on insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose disposal in chow-fed or high fat diet-fed mice and evaluated the molecular pathways that might mediate this. We found that myostatin inhibition improved glucose disposal in obese high fat diet-fed mice alongside the induction of muscle hypertrophy but did not have an impact in chow-fed mice. This improvement was not associated with greater glucose transporter or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α expression or 5' AMP-activated protein kinase activation as previously suggested. Instead, transcriptomic analysis suggested that the improvement in glucose disposal was associated with significant enrichment in genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and translation of mitochondrial genes. Thus, myostatin inhibition improves muscle insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in obese high fat diet-fed mice independent of muscle hypertrophy, potentially involving previously unidentified pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Eilers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - David Chambers
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cleasby
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Foster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Bitsi S. The chemokine CXCL16 can rescue the defects in insulin signaling and sensitivity caused by palmitate in C2C12 myotubes. Cytokine 2020; 133:155154. [PMID: 32535333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In obesity, macrophages infiltrate peripheral tissues and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines that impact local insulin sensitivity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the saturated fatty acid (FA) palmitate polarise macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype in vitro and indirectly cause insulin resistance (IR) in myotubes. In contrast, unsaturated FAs confer an anti-inflammatory phenotype and counteract the actions of palmitate. To explore paracrine mechanisms of interest, J774 macrophages were exposed to palmitate ± palmitoleate or control medium and the conditioned media generated were screened using a cytokine array. Of the 62 cytokines examined, 8 were significantly differentially expressed following FA treatments. Notably, CXCL16 secretion was downregulated by palmitate. In follow-up experiments using ELISAs, this downregulation was confirmed and reversed by simultaneous addition of palmitoleate or oleate, while LPS also diminished CXCL16 secretion. To dissect potential effects of CXCL16, C2C12 myotubes were treated with palmitate to induce IR, recombinant soluble CXCL16 (sCXCL16), combined treatment, or control medium. Palmitate caused the expected reduction of insulin-stimulated Akt activation and glycogen synthesis, whereas simultaneous treatment with sCXCL16 attenuated these effects. These data indicate a putative role for CXCL16 in preservation of Akt activation and insulin signaling in the context of chronic low-grade inflammation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Bitsi
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Department, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom.
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40
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Geraets IME, Glatz JFC, Luiken JJFP, Nabben M. Pivotal role of membrane substrate transporters on the metabolic alterations in the pressure-overloaded heart. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1000-1012. [PMID: 30938418 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pressure overload (PO), such as caused by aortic stenosis and systemic hypertension, commonly results in cardiac hypertrophy and may lead to the development of heart failure. PO-induced heart failure is among the leading causes of death worldwide, but its pathological origin remains poorly understood. Metabolic alterations are proposed to be an important contributor to PO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and failure. While the healthy adult heart mainly uses long-chain fatty acids (FAs) and glucose as substrates for energy metabolism and to a lesser extent alternative substrates, i.e. lactate, ketone bodies, and amino acids (AAs), the pressure-overloaded heart is characterized by a shift in energy metabolism towards a greater reliance on glycolysis and alternative substrates. A key-governing kinetic step of both FA and glucose fluxes is at the level of their substrate-specific membrane transporters. The relative presence of these transporters in the sarcolemma determines the cardiac substrate preference. Whether the cardiac utilization of alternative substrates is also governed by membrane transporters is not yet known. In this review, we discuss current insight into the role of membrane substrate transporters in the metabolic alterations occurring in the pressure-overloaded heart. Given the increasing evidence of a role for alternative substrates in these metabolic alterations, there is an urgent need to disclose the key-governing kinetic steps in their utilization as well. Taken together, membrane substrate transporters emerge as novel targets for metabolic interventions to prevent or treat PO-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilvy M E Geraets
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Steenberg DE, Hingst JR, Birk JB, Thorup A, Kristensen JM, Sjøberg KA, Kiens B, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JFP. A Single Bout of One-Legged Exercise to Local Exhaustion Decreases Insulin Action in Nonexercised Muscle Leading to Decreased Whole-Body Insulin Action. Diabetes 2020; 69:578-590. [PMID: 31974138 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A single bout of exercise enhances insulin action in the exercised muscle. However, not all human studies find that this translates into increased whole-body insulin action, suggesting that insulin action in rested muscle or other organs may be decreased by exercise. To investigate this, eight healthy men underwent a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp on 2 separate days: one day with prior one-legged knee-extensor exercise to local exhaustion (∼2.5 h) and another day without exercise. Whole-body glucose disposal was ∼18% lower on the exercise day as compared with the resting day due to decreased (∼37%) insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the nonexercised muscle. Insulin signaling at the level of Akt2 was impaired in the nonexercised muscle on the exercise day, suggesting that decreased insulin action in nonexercised muscle may reduce GLUT4 translocation in response to insulin. Thus, the effect of a single bout of exercise on whole-body insulin action depends on the balance between local effects increasing and systemic effects decreasing insulin action. Physiologically, this mechanism may serve to direct glucose into the muscles in need of glycogen replenishment. For insulin-treated patients, this complex relationship may explain the difficulties in predicting the adequate insulin dose for maintaining glucose homeostasis following physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorte E Steenberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Thorup
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas M Kristensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Luiken JJFP, Nabben M, Neumann D, Glatz JFC. Understanding the distinct subcellular trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4 during the development of myocardial insulin resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165775. [PMID: 32209364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CD36 and GLUT4 are the main cardiac trans-sarcolemmal transporters for long-chain fatty acids and glucose, respectively. Together they secure the majority of cardiac energy demands. Moreover, these transporters each represent key governing kinetic steps in cardiac fatty acid and glucose fluxes, thereby offering major sites of regulation. The underlying mechanism of this regulation involves a perpetual vesicle-mediated trafficking (recycling) of both transporters between intracellular stores (endosomes) and the cell surface. In the healthy heart, CD36 and GLUT4 translocation to the cell surface is under short-term control of the same physiological stimuli, most notably increased contraction and insulin secretion. However, under chronic lipid overload, a condition that accompanies a Western lifestyle, CD36 and GLUT4 recycling are affected distinctly, with CD36 being expelled to the sarcolemma while GLUT4 is imprisoned within the endosomes. Moreover, the increased CD36 translocation towards the cell surface is a key early step, setting the heart on a route towards insulin resistance and subsequent contractile dysfunction. Therefore, the proteins making up the trafficking machinery of CD36 need to be identified with special focus to the differences with the protein composition of the GLUT4 trafficking machinery. These proteins that are uniquely dedicated to either CD36 or GLUT4 traffic may offer targets to rectify aberrant substrate uptake seen in the lipid-overloaded heart. Specifically, CD36-dedicated trafficking regulators should be inhibited, whereas such GLUT4-dedicated proteins would need to be activated. Recent advances in the identification of CD36-dedicated trafficking proteins have disclosed the involvement of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase and of specific vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMPs). In this review, we summarize these recent findings and sketch a roadmap of CD36 and GLUT4 trafficking compatible with experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Pataky MW, Van Acker SL, Dhingra R, Freeburg MM, Arias EB, Oki K, Wang H, Treebak JT, Cartee GD. Fiber type-specific effects of acute exercise on insulin-stimulated AS160 phosphorylation in insulin-resistant rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E984-E998. [PMID: 31573845 PMCID: PMC6957376 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00304.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Muscle is a heterogeneous tissue composed of multiple fiber types. Earlier research revealed fiber type-selective postexercise effects on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) from insulin-resistant rats (increased for type IIA, IIB, IIBX, and IIX, but not type I). In whole muscle from insulin-resistant rats, the exercise increase in ISGU is accompanied by an exercise increase in insulin-stimulated AS160 phosphorylation (pAS160), an ISGU-regulating protein. We hypothesized that, in insulin-resistant muscle, the fiber type-selective exercise effects on ISGU would correspond to the fiber type-selective exercise effects on pAS160. Rats were fed a 2-wk high-fat diet (HFD) and remained sedentary (SED) or exercised before epitrochlearis muscles were dissected either immediately postexercise (IPEX) or at 3 h postexercise (3hPEX) using an exercise protocol that previously revealed fiber type-selective effects on ISGU. 3hPEX muscles and SED controls were incubated ± 100µU/mL insulin. Individual myofibers were isolated and pooled on the basis of myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression, and key phosphoproteins were measured. Myofiber glycogen and MHC expression were evaluated in muscles from other SED, IPEX, and 3hPEX rats. Insulin-stimulated pAktSer473 and pAktThr308 were unaltered by exercise in all fiber types. Insulin-stimulated pAS160 was greater for 3hPEX vs. SED on at least one phosphosite (Ser588, Thr642, and/or Ser704) in type IIA, IIBX, and IIB fibers, but not in type I or IIX fibers. Both IPEX and 3hPEX glycogen were decreased versus SED in all fiber types. These results provided evidence that fiber type-specific pAS160 in insulin-resistant muscle may play a role in the previously reported fiber type-specific elevation in ISGU in some, but not all, fiber types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Pataky
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sydney L Van Acker
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rhea Dhingra
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marina M Freeburg
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kentaro Oki
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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44
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Rahmani S, Defferrari MS, Wakarchuk WW, Antonescu CN. Energetic adaptations: Metabolic control of endocytic membrane traffic. Traffic 2019; 20:912-931. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Warren W. Wakarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
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45
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Patel BM, Goyal RK. Liver and insulin resistance: New wine in old bottle!!! Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Dreh, a long noncoding RNA repressed by metformin, regulates glucose transport in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Life Sci 2019; 236:116906. [PMID: 31614147 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The anti-hyperglycemic action of metformin on skeletal muscles is presently unclear. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in multiple cellular functions. This study aims to explore the role of lncRNAs in the glucometabolic action of metformin on skeletal muscle cells. MAIN METHODS Metformin accumulation was assessed using [14C]-metformin. A lncRNA array was used to investigate metformin-regulated lncRNAs in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Knockdown studies were applied to evaluate the function of lncRNA Dreh. A colorimetric assay was used for the measurement of medium glucose concentration; glucose transport was assessed using [3H]-2-deoxyglucose; real-time PCR was used for RNA expression analysis, and western blotting was used to assess protein expression in myotubes. A Dreh overexpression plasmid was transfected into the cells. KEY FINDINGS Metformin accumulated in C2C12 myotubes. Metformin reduced medium glucose concentration and repressed lncRNA Dreh expression in the myotubes. Knockdown of Dreh in the myotubes resulted in reduced glucose concentration in the culture medium, increased glucose transport, and increased levels of GLUT4 protein in the plasma membrane. Overexpression of Dreh attenuated the glucose-lowering effect of metformin in myotubes. SIGNIFICANCE The glucoregulatory actions of metformin are mediated in part by a lncRNA, Dreh, in the skeletal muscle cells. Dreh is a novel regulator for glucose transport and could be a therapeutic target for diabetes.
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47
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Martins VF, Begur M, Lakkaraju S, Svensson K, Park J, Hetrick B, McCurdy CE, Schenk S. Acute inhibition of protein deacetylases does not impact skeletal muscle insulin action. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C964-C968. [PMID: 31461343 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00159.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Whether the histone deacetylase (HDAC) and sirtuin families of protein deacetylases regulate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, independent of their transcriptional effects, has not been studied. Our objective was to determine the nontranscriptional role of HDACs and sirtuins in regulation of skeletal muscle insulin action. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and signaling and acetylation were assessed in L6 myotubes and skeletal muscle from C57BL/6J mice that were treated acutely (1 h) with HDAC (trichostatin A, panobinostat, TMP195) and sirtuin inhibitors (nicotinamide). Treatment of L6 myotubes with HDAC inhibitors or skeletal muscle with a combination of HDAC and sirtuin inhibitors increased tubulin and pan-protein acetylation, demonstrating effective impairment of HDAC and sirtuin deacetylase activities. Despite this, neither basal nor insulin-stimulated glucose uptake or insulin signaling was impacted. Acute reduction of the deacetylase activity of HDACs and/or sirtuins does not impact insulin action in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor F Martins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Maedha Begur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shivani Lakkaraju
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kristoffer Svensson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ji Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Byron Hetrick
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Gilleron J, Gerdes JM, Zeigerer A. Metabolic regulation through the endosomal system. Traffic 2019; 20:552-570. [PMID: 31177593 PMCID: PMC6771607 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endosomal system plays an essential role in cell homeostasis by controlling cellular signaling, nutrient sensing, cell polarity and cell migration. However, its place in the regulation of tissue, organ and whole body physiology is less well understood. Recent studies have revealed an important role for the endosomal system in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis, with implications for metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. By taking insights from in vitro studies of endocytosis and exploring their effects on metabolism, we can begin to connect the fields of endosomal transport and metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we explore current understanding of how the endosomal system influences the systemic regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in mice and humans. We highlight exciting new insights that help translate findings from single cells to a wider physiological level and open up new directions for endosomal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Gilleron
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M)NiceFrance
| | - Jantje M. Gerdes
- Institute for Diabetes and RegenerationHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
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49
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Grice BA, Barton KJ, Covert JD, Kreilach AM, Tackett L, Brozinick JT, Elmendorf JS. Excess membrane cholesterol is an early contributing reversible aspect of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in C57BL/6NJ mice fed a Western-style high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E362-E373. [PMID: 31237447 PMCID: PMC6732462 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00396.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance manifests shortly after high-fat feeding, yet mechanisms are not known. Here we set out to determine whether excess skeletal muscle membrane cholesterol and cytoskeletal derangement known to compromise glucose transporter (GLUT)4 regulation occurs early after high-fat feeding. We fed 6-wk-old male C57BL/6NJ mice either a low-fat (LF, 10% kcal) or a high-fat (HF, 45% kcal) diet for 1 wk. This HF feeding challenge was associated with an increase, albeit slight, in body mass, glucose intolerance, and hyperinsulinemia. Liver analyses did not reveal signs of hepatic insulin resistance; however, skeletal muscle immunoblots of triad-enriched regions containing transverse tubule membrane showed a marked loss of stimulated GLUT4 recruitment. An increase in cholesterol was also found in these fractions from HF-fed mice. These derangements were associated with a marked loss of cortical filamentous actin (F-actin) that is essential for GLUT4 regulation and known to be compromised by increases in membrane cholesterol. Both the withdrawal of the HF diet and two subcutaneous injections of the cholesterol-lowering agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin at 3 and 6 days during the 1-wk HF feeding intervention completely mitigated cholesterol accumulation, cortical F-actin loss, and GLUT4 dysregulation. Moreover, these beneficial membrane/cytoskeletal changes occurred concomitant with a full restoration of metabolic responses. These results identify skeletal muscle membrane cholesterol accumulation as an early, reversible, feature of insulin resistance and suggest cortical F-actin loss as an early derangement of skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Grice
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kelly J Barton
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jacob D Covert
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Alec M Kreilach
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lixuan Tackett
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joseph T Brozinick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jeffrey S Elmendorf
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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50
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Chiba M, Ito Y, Nagasawa T. Phenethyl isothiocyanate stimulates glucose uptake through the Akt pathway in C2C12 myotubes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1319-1328. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1594675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is an aromatic isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables. Several studies have shown that isothiocyanates regulate various intracellular signaling pathways, and thereby show anti-inflammatory and detoxifying activities. However, little is known about the effects of PEITC on glucose metabolism. In this study, we examined whether PEITC promotes glucose utilization in mouse skeletal muscle cells, C2C12 myotubes. PEITC induced glucose uptake, glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) translocation to the plasma membrane, and activation of Akt and ERK in C2C12 cells. Inhibition of Akt suppressed PEITC-induced Glut4 translocation and glucose uptake, whereas ERK inhibition did not. Furthermore, PEITC increased phosphorylation of ErbB2 and ErbB3. Treatment with a pan-ErbB inhibitor reduced Akt activation and the subsequent glucose uptake induced by PEITC. These results indicate that PEITC promotes glucose utilization through the ErbB/Akt pathway in C2C12 myotubes. PEITC may therefore serve as a dietary constituent with beneficial effects on the carbohydrate metabolism.
Abbreviations: PEITC: phenethyl isothiocyanate; Glut4: glucose transporter 4; PI3K: phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase; Nrf2: erythroid−2-related factor; ARE: antioxidant response element; HO−1: heme oxygenase−1; NRG: neuregulin
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Chiba
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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