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de Souza Pinheiro J, Dornelas Silva PS, de Andrade DR, Trópia NV, Ramos Oliveira TP, Gesteira JMR, Renno LN, Facioni Guimarães SE, Marcondes MI. Can milk replacer allowance affect animal performance, body development, metabolism, and skeletal muscle hypertrophy in pre-weaned dairy kids? J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01067-1. [PMID: 39154723 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate performance, body development, metabolism, and expression of genes related to skeletal muscle hypertrophy in non-castrated male dairy kids fed with different levels of MR during the pre-weaning period. Sixty newborn male kids, not castrated, from Saanen and Swiss Alpine breeds, with an average body weight (BW) of 3.834 ± 0.612 kg, were distributed in a randomized block design. Breeds were the block factor in the model (random effect). Kids were allocated into 2 nutrition plans (n = 30 kids per treatment) categorized as follows: low nutritional plan (LNP; 1L MR/kid/day) or high nutritional plan (HNP; 2L MR/kid/day). All kids were harvested at 45 d of life. The majority of nitrogen balance variables were affected by the nutritional plan (P < 0.050). Morphometric measures and body condition score (2.99 - LNP vs. 3.28 - HNP) were affected by nutritional plan (P < 0.050), except hip height, thoracic depth and hip width. The nutritional plan affected the body components (P < 0.050), except esophagus and trachea. Animal performance and carcass traits were influenced by nutritional plan (P < 0.050), except carcass dressing (48.56% on average). Nutritional plan affected (P < 0.050) some blood profile variables as the total cholesterol (141.35 vs. 113.25 mg/dL), triglycerides (60.53 vs. 89.05 mg/dL), LDL (79.76 vs. 33.66 g/mL) and IGF-1 (17.77 vs. 38.55 ng/mL) for LNP and HNP respectively. Hypertrophy was greater in HNP than LNP animals (P < 0.050), being represented by the proportion of sarcoplasm (39.76 vs. 31.99%). LNP had a greater mTOR abundance than HNP (P = 0.045), but AMPK was not affected by the nutritional plan. Our findings show that a higher milk replacer allowance enhances animal performance, body development, metabolic parameters, and cellular hypertrophy in pre-weaned dairy kids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jardeson de Souza Pinheiro
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av P.H.Rolfs, sn, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio Dornelas Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av P.H.Rolfs, sn, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Dhones Rodrigues de Andrade
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av P.H.Rolfs, sn, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Nathália Veloso Trópia
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av P.H.Rolfs, sn, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Navajas Renno
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av P.H.Rolfs, sn, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Inacio Marcondes
- Animal Science Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States of America..
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Lin S, Zhang Y, Ye P, Zhao H, Yang K, Hao G. Oyster ( Ostrea Plicatula Gmelin) Peptides Improve Exercise Endurance Capacity via Activating AMPK and HO-1. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:437-451. [PMID: 38305833 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2306516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that oyster peptides (OPs) have antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of OPs on swimming endurance in mice and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The mice were subjected to gavage with OPs and subjected to exercise training. After 14 days, various biochemical indicators in the blood and gastrocnemius muscle of mice were assessed, and real-time PCR was utilized to detect the level of signal pathway regulation by OPs in the gastrocnemius muscle. Molecular docking technology was employed to observe the potential active components in OPs that regulate signal pathways. RESULTS In this study, OPs supplementation combined with and without exercise significantly extended swimming time compared to the sedentary group. OPs supplementation with exercise also increased glycogen levels and decreased blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, and lactic acid levels. Additionally, mice in the exercise with OPs group exhibited higher activities of antioxidant enzymes. OPs can upregulate metabolic regulatory factors such as AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, and glucose transporter 4, thereby increasing energy supply during exercise. Additionally, OPs enhances the expression of heme oxygenase 1 and superoxide dismutase 2, thereby reducing oxidative stress during physical activity. Molecular docking analyses revealed that peptides found in OPs formed hydrogen bonds with AMPK and HO-1, indicating that they can exert bioactivity by activating target proteins such as AMPK and HO-1. CONCLUSIONS OPs supplementation improved energy reserves, modulated energy metabolism pathways, and coordinated antioxidative stress responses, ultimately enhancing swimming endurance. These findings suggest that OPs have the potential to improve exercise levels by promoting metabolism and improving energy utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Lin
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuni Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Technology Center, Xiamen Customs District P. R. China, Xiamen, China
| | - Houhua Zhao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Keyu Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gengxin Hao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
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Divya KP, Kanwar N, Anuranjana PV, Kumar G, Beegum F, George KT, Kumar N, Nandakumar K, Kanwal A. SIRT6 in Regulation of Mitochondrial Damage and Associated Cardiac Dysfunctions: A Possible Therapeutic Target for CVDs. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:598-621. [PMID: 38689163 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can be described as a global health emergency imploring possible prevention strategies. Although the pathogenesis of CVDs has been extensively studied, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in CVD development has yet to be investigated. Diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemic-reperfusion injury, and heart failure are some of the CVDs resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction Recent evidence from the research states that any dysfunction of mitochondria has an impact on metabolic alteration, eventually causes the death of a healthy cell and therefore, progressively directing to the predisposition of disease. Cardiovascular research investigating the targets that both protect and treat mitochondrial damage will help reduce the risk and increase the quality of life of patients suffering from various CVDs. One such target, i.e., nuclear sirtuin SIRT6 is strongly associated with cardiac function. However, the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and SIRT6 concerning cardiovascular pathologies remains poorly understood. Although the Role of SIRT6 in skeletal muscles and cardiomyocytes through mitochondrial regulation has been well understood, its specific role in mitochondrial maintenance in cardiomyocytes is poorly determined. The review aims to explore the domain-specific function of SIRT6 in cardiomyocytes and is an effort to know how SIRT6, mitochondria, and CVDs are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Divya
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Navjot Kanwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab, Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151005, India
| | - P V Anuranjana
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Fathima Beegum
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krupa Thankam George
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educations and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - K Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Abhinav Kanwal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151005, India.
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4
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Livshits G, Kalinkovich A. Restoration of epigenetic impairment in the skeletal muscle and chronic inflammation resolution as a therapeutic approach in sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102267. [PMID: 38462046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, accompanied by severe adverse health outcomes, such as falls and fractures, functional decline, high health costs, and mortality. Hence, its prevention and treatment have become increasingly urgent. However, despite the wide prevalence and extensive research on sarcopenia, no FDA-approved disease-modifying drugs exist. This is probably due to a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology. Recent evidence demonstrate that sarcopenia development is characterized by two key elements: (i) epigenetic dysregulation of multiple molecular pathways associated with sarcopenia pathogenesis, such as protein remodeling, insulin resistance, mitochondria impairments, and (ii) the creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). In this review, we focus on the epigenetic regulators that have been implicated in skeletal muscle deterioration, their individual roles, and possible crosstalk. We also discuss epidrugs, which are the pharmaceuticals with the potential to restore the epigenetic mechanisms deregulated in sarcopenia. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms underlying failed SCLGI resolution in sarcopenia and the potential application of pro-resolving molecules, comprising specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and their stable mimetics and receptor agonists. These compounds, as well as epidrugs, reveal beneficial effects in preclinical studies related to sarcopenia. Based on these encouraging observations, we propose the combination of epidrugs with SCLI-resolving agents as a new therapeutic approach for sarcopenia that can effectively attenuate of its manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel.
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel
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5
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Yamagata K, Mizumoto T, Yoshizawa T. The Emerging Role of SIRT7 in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Cells 2023; 13:48. [PMID: 38201252 PMCID: PMC10778536 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7 in mammals) are a family of NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylases and deacylases that regulate diverse biological processes, including metabolism, stress responses, and aging. SIRT7 is the least well-studied member of the sirtuins, but accumulating evidence has shown that SIRT7 plays critical roles in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by modulating many target proteins in white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and liver tissue. This review focuses on the emerging roles of SIRT7 in glucose and lipid metabolism in comparison with SIRT1 and SIRT6. We also discuss the possible implications of SIRT7 inhibition in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (T.M.); (T.Y.)
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomoya Mizumoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (T.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tatsuya Yoshizawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (T.M.); (T.Y.)
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6
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Xu J, Li C, Kang X. The epigenetic regulatory effect of histone acetylation and deacetylation on skeletal muscle metabolism-a review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1267456. [PMID: 38148899 PMCID: PMC10749939 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1267456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles, the largest organ responsible for energy metabolism in most mammals, play a vital role in maintaining the body's homeostasis. Epigenetic modification, specifically histone acetylation, serves as a crucial regulatory mechanism influencing the physiological processes and metabolic patterns within skeletal muscle metabolism. The intricate process of histone acetylation modification involves coordinated control of histone acetyltransferase and deacetylase levels, dynamically modulating histone acetylation levels, and precisely regulating the expression of genes associated with skeletal muscle metabolism. Consequently, this comprehensive review aims to elucidate the epigenetic regulatory impact of histone acetylation modification on skeletal muscle metabolism, providing invaluable insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms governing epigenetic modifications in skeletal muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaolong Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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7
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Song Y, Wei D, Raza SHA, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Song X, Wu H, Wang X, Luoreng Z, Ma Y. Research progress of intramuscular fat formation based on co-culture. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3216-3236. [PMID: 36200856 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is closely related to the meat quality of livestock and poultry. As a new cell culture technique in vitro, cell co-culture has been gradually applied to the related research of IMF formation because it can simulate the changes of microenvironment in vivo during the process of IMF cell formation. In the co-culture model, in addition to studying the effects of skeletal muscle cells on the proliferation and differentiation of IMF, we can also consider the role of many secretion factors in the formation of IMF, thus making the cell research in vitro closer to the real level in vivo. This paper reviewed the generation and origin of IMF, summarized the existing co-culture methods and systems, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as the challenges faced in the establishment of the system, with emphasis on the current status of research on the formation of IMF for human and animal based on co-culture technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Dawei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | | | - Yiang Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Xingping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
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8
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Rehman SU, Ali R, Zhang H, Zafar MH, Wang M. Research progress in the role and mechanism of Leucine in regulating animal growth and development. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1252089. [PMID: 38046946 PMCID: PMC10691278 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1252089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, is essential in regulating animal growth and development. Recent research has uncovered the mechanisms underlying Leucine's anabolic effects on muscle and other tissues, including its ability to stimulate protein synthesis by activating the mTORC1 signaling pathway. The co-ingestion of carbohydrates and essential amino acids enhances Leucine's anabolic effects. Moreover, Leucine has been shown to benefit lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity, making it a promising strategy for preventing and treating metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. While emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic mechanisms may mediate Leucine's effects on growth and development, more research is needed to elucidate its mechanisms of action fully. Specific studies have demonstrated that Leucine promotes muscle growth and metabolic health in animals and humans, making it a promising therapeutic agent. However, it is essential to note that Leucine supplementation may cause digestive issues or interact with certain medications, and More study is required to determine definitively optimal dosages. Therefore, it is important to understand how Leucine interacts with other nutrients, dietary factors, and lifestyle habits to maximize its benefits. Overall, Leucine's importance in human nutrition is far-reaching, and its potential to prevent muscle loss and enhance athletic performance warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mengzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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9
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Kang W, Hamza A, Curry AM, Korade E, Donu D, Cen Y. Activation of SIRT6 Deacetylation by DNA Strand Breaks. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41310-41320. [PMID: 37970049 PMCID: PMC10633859 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
SIRT6 is an emerging regulator of longevity. Overexpression of SIRT6 extends the lifespan of mice. Conversely, SIRT6 knockout mice demonstrate severe metabolic defects and a shortened lifespan. The discrepancy between SIRT6's weak in vitro activity and robust in vivo activity has led to the hypothesis that this enzyme can be activated in response to DNA damage in cells. Here, we demonstrate that the deacetylase activity of SIRT6 can be stimulated by DNA strand breaks for synthetic peptide and histone substrates. The mechanism of activation is further explored by using an integrative chemical biology approach. SIRT6 can be preferentially activated by DNA lesions harboring a 5'-phosphate. The N- and C-termini of SIRT6 are strictly required for DNA break-induced activation. Additionally, the defatty-acylase activity of SIRT6 is also sensitive to DNA breaks, although the physiological significance needs further investigation. Collectively, our study sheds important light on the cellular regulation of diverse SIRT6 activities and suggests possible strategies for effective SIRT6 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Kang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
| | - Abu Hamza
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
| | - Alyson M. Curry
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
| | - Evan Korade
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
| | - Dickson Donu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
| | - Yana Cen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
- Institute
for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0133, United States
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10
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Ibrahim AA, Abdel Mageed SS, Safar MM, El-Yamany MF, Oraby MA. MitoQ alleviates hippocampal damage after cerebral ischemia: The potential role of SIRT6 in regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Life Sci 2023; 328:121895. [PMID: 37385372 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial perturbations are the major culprit of the inflammatory response during the initial phase of cerebral ischemia. The present study explored the neuroprotective effect of the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, Mitoquinol (MitoQ), against hippocampal neuronal loss in an experimental model of brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. MAIN METHODS Rats were subjected to common carotid artery occlusion for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. MitoQ (2 mg/kg; i.p daily) was administered for 7 successive days prior to the induction of brain ischemia. KEY FINDINGS I/R rats exhibited hippocampal damage evidenced by aggravated mitochondrial oxidative stress, thereby enhancing mtROS and oxidized mtDNA, together with inhibiting mtGSH. Mitochondrial biogenesis and function were also affected, as reflected by the reduction of PGC-1α, TFAM, and NRF-1 levels, as well as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm (. These changes were associated with neuroinflammation, apoptosis, impairment of cognitive function as well as hippocampal neurodegenerative changes in histopathological examination. Notably, SIRT6 was suppressed. Pretreatment with MitoQ markedly potentiated SIRT6, modulated mitochondrial oxidative status and restored mitochondrial biogenesis and function. In addition, MitoQ alleviated the inflammatory mediators, TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-1β and dampened GFAB immunoexpression along with downregulation of cleaved caspase-3 expression. Reversal of hippocampal function by MitoQ was accompanied by improved cognitive function and hippocampal morphological aberrations. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that MitoQ preserved rats' hippocampi from I/R insults via maintenance of mitochondrial redox status, biogenesis, and activity along with mitigation of neuroinflammation and apoptosis, thereby regulating SIRT6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Ibrahim
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Safar
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed F El-Yamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mamdouh A Oraby
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, 11829 Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Wu T, Qu Y, Xu S, Wang Y, Liu X, Ma D. SIRT6: A potential therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23099. [PMID: 37462453 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301012r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal lipid metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy can cause myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction, lipotoxicity, abnormal death of myocardial cells, and myocardial remodeling. Mitochondrial homeostasis and normal lipid metabolism can effectively slow down the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recent studies have shown that SIRT6 may play an important role in the pathological changes of diabetic cardiomyopathy such as myocardial cell death, myocardial hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress and glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, understanding the function of SIRT6 and its role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is of great significance for exploring and developing new targets and drugs for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This article reviews the latest findings of SIRT6 in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, focusing on the regulation of mitochondria and lipid metabolism by SIRT6 to explore potential clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yiwei Qu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dufang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
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12
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You Y, Liang W. SIRT1 and SIRT6: The role in aging-related diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166815. [PMID: 37499928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive functional deterioration with increased risk of mortality. It is a complex biological process driven by a multitude of intertwined mechanisms such as increased DNA damage, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of NAD+-dependent enzymes that regulate fundamental biological functions from genomic stability and lifespan to energy metabolism and tumorigenesis. Of the seven mammalian SIRT isotypes (SIRT1-7), SIRT1 and SIRT6 are well-recognized for regulating signaling pathways related to aging. Herein, we review the protective role of SIRT1 and SIRT6 in aging-related diseases at molecular, cellular, tissue, and whole-organism levels. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of SIRT1 and SIRT6 modulators in the treatment of these diseases and challenges thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzi You
- Department of General Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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13
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Wu K, Wang Y, Liu R, Wang H, Rui T. The role of mammalian Sirtuin 6 in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1207133. [PMID: 37497437 PMCID: PMC10366693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1207133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are severe diseases posing threat to human health because of their high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The incidence of diabetes mellitus is also increasing rapidly. Various signaling molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), which is a class III histone deacetylase, has attracted numerous attentions since its discovery. Sirt6 enjoys a unique structure, important biological functions, and is involved in multiple cellular processes such as stress response, mitochondrial biogenesis, transcription, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, chromatin silencing, and apoptosis. Sirt6 also plays significant roles in regulating several cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, as well as cardiac remodeling, bringing Sirt6 into the focus of clinical interests. In this review, we examine the recent advances in understanding the mechanistic working through which Sirt6 alters the course of lethal cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus.
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14
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Sopariwala DH, Hao NTT, Narkar VA. Estrogen-related Receptor Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Fitness. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:609-617. [PMID: 36787804 PMCID: PMC11168301 DOI: 10.1055/a-2035-8192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue that can alter its metabolic and contractile features, as well as regenerative potential in response to exercise and other conditions. Multiple signaling factors including metabolites, kinases, receptors, and transcriptional factors have been studied in the regulation of skeletal muscle plasticity. Recently, estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) have emerged as a critical transcriptional hub in control of skeletal muscle homeostasis. ERRα and ERRγ - the two highly expressed ERR sub-types in the muscle respond to various extracellular cues such as exercise, hypoxia, fasting and dietary factors, in turn regulating gene expression in the skeletal muscle. On the other hand, conditions such as diabetes and muscular dystrophy suppress expression of ERRs in the skeletal muscle, likely contributing to disease progression. We highlight key functions of ERRs in the skeletal muscle including the regulation of fiber type, mitochondrial metabolism, vascularization, and regeneration. We also describe how ERRs are regulated in the skeletal muscle, and their interaction with important muscle regulators (e. g. AMPK and PGCs). Finally, we identify critical gaps in our understanding of ERR signaling in the skeletal muscle, and suggest future areas of investigation to advance ERRs as potential targets for function promoting therapeutics in muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danesh H. Sopariwala
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Hao
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vihang A. Narkar
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Kong W, Peng Y, Ji C, Liu Z, Gao S, Zhang Y, Chen J, Li X, Bao M, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Wang F, Li Z, Bian X, Ye J. Akt2 deficiency alleviates oxidative stress in the heart and liver via up-regulating SIRT6 during high-fat diet-induced obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:823-841. [PMID: 37184210 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the role of AKT2 in the pathogenesis of hepatic and cardiac lipotoxicity induced by lipid overload-induced obesity and identify its downstream targets. WT and Akt2 KO mice were fed either normal diet, or high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity model in vivo. Human hepatic cell line (L02 cells) and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were used as in vitro models. We observed that during HFD-induced obesity, Akt2 loss-of-function mitigated lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in the liver and heart tissue. Mechanistically, down-regulation of Akt2 promotes SIRT6 expression in L02 cells and NRCMs, the latter deacetylates SOD2, which promotes SOD2 activity and therefore alleviates oxidative stress-induced injury of hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we also proved that AKT2 inhibitor protects hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes from HFD-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, our work prove that AKT2 plays an important role in the regulation of obesity-induced lipid metabolic disorder in the liver and heart. Our study also indicates AKT2 inhibitor as a potential therapy for obesity-induced hepatic and cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Kong
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yue Peng
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Caoyu Ji
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zekun Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Shuya Gao
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xie Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Mengmeng Bao
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Qizhou Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Fuqun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaohong Bian
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Junmei Ye
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
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16
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Molinari S, Imbriano C, Moresi V, Renzini A, Belluti S, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Gigli G, Cedola A. Histone deacetylase functions and therapeutic implications for adult skeletal muscle metabolism. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1130183. [PMID: 37006625 PMCID: PMC10050567 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1130183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptive organ that sustains continuous metabolic changes in response to different functional demands. Healthy skeletal muscle can adjust fuel utilization to the intensity of muscle activity, the availability of nutrients and the intrinsic characteristics of muscle fibers. This property is defined as metabolic flexibility. Importantly, impaired metabolic flexibility has been associated with, and likely contributes to the onset and progression of numerous pathologies, including sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes. Numerous studies involving genetic and pharmacological manipulations of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in vitro and in vivo have elucidated their multiple functions in regulating adult skeletal muscle metabolism and adaptation. Here, we briefly review HDAC classification and skeletal muscle metabolism in physiological conditions and upon metabolic stimuli. We then discuss HDAC functions in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism at baseline and following exercise. Finally, we give an overview of the literature regarding the activity of HDACs in skeletal muscle aging and their potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Molinari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carol Imbriano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Viviana Moresi,
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Belluti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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17
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Sandonà M, Cavioli G, Renzini A, Cedola A, Gigli G, Coletti D, McKinsey TA, Moresi V, Saccone V. Histone Deacetylases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications for Muscular Dystrophies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4306. [PMID: 36901738 PMCID: PMC10002075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that regulate the deacetylation of numerous histone and non-histone proteins, thereby affecting a wide range of cellular processes. Deregulation of HDAC expression or activity is often associated with several pathologies, suggesting potential for targeting these enzymes for therapeutic purposes. For example, HDAC expression and activity are higher in dystrophic skeletal muscles. General pharmacological blockade of HDACs, by means of pan-HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), ameliorates both muscle histological abnormalities and function in preclinical studies. A phase II clinical trial of the pan-HDACi givinostat revealed partial histological improvement and functional recovery of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) muscles; results of an ongoing phase III clinical trial that is assessing the long-term safety and efficacy of givinostat in DMD patients are pending. Here we review the current knowledge about the HDAC functions in distinct cell types in skeletal muscle, identified by genetic and -omic approaches. We describe the signaling events that are affected by HDACs and contribute to muscular dystrophy pathogenesis by altering muscle regeneration and/or repair processes. Reviewing recent insights into HDAC cellular functions in dystrophic muscles provides new perspectives for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches based on drugs that target these critical enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgia Cavioli
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00181 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Coletti
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
- CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Aging B2A, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Timothy A. McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00181 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Saccone
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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18
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Zhu M, Yang X, Huang Y, Wang Z, Xiong Z. Serum SIRT6 Levels Are Associated with Frailty in Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:719-725. [PMID: 37754211 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Frailty is one of the major health problems facing aging societies worldwide. We investigated the association between serum SIRT6 and frailty in older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of associations of serum SIRT6 and frailty in older people. SETTING Enrolled community-dwelling and hospital outpatient clinic adults older than 65 years old in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 540 community-dwelling older adults (age ≥ 65 years) in Wuhan were included in the study. MEASURES We used Frailty Phenotype criteria for classifying participants based on their frailty status. Serum SIRT6 was measured using an ELISA kit. RESULTS A total of 540 older adults were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum SIRT6 was lower in the slowness group (7.23±1.81 vs 5.89±1.74, p<0.001), weakness group (6.87±1.88 vs 5.68±1.64, p<0.001), and exhaustion group (6.73±1.90 vs 5.88±1.74, p<0.001) compare with the normal group. ROC curves were used to assess the efficiency of SIRT6 in predicting frailty in older adults. The AUC for SIRT6 was 0.792 (95% CI: 0.7514 to 0.8325), with the highest sensitivity of 68.0% and the specificity of 91.9%, and the optimal critical value of 4.65ng/ml according to Youden's index. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum SIRT6 level was independently associated with frailty in older people. CONCLUSION In conclusion, serum SIRT6 was decreased in frailty compared with robust older adults. A decreased serum SIRT6 was independently associated with an increased risk of frailty. SIRT6 may be a potential target for the treatment of patients with frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhu
- Zhifan Xiong, Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 39 Lake Road, East Lake Ecological Science, Wuhan 430077, Hubei, China,
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19
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Wu QJ, Zhang TN, Chen HH, Yu XF, Lv JL, Liu YY, Liu YS, Zheng G, Zhao JQ, Wei YF, Guo JY, Liu FH, Chang Q, Zhang YX, Liu CG, Zhao YH. The sirtuin family in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:402. [PMID: 36581622 PMCID: PMC9797940 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotine adenine dinucleotide(+)-dependent histone deacetylases regulating critical signaling pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are involved in numerous biological processes. Currently, seven mammalian homologs of yeast Sir2 named SIRT1 to SIRT7 have been identified. Increasing evidence has suggested the vital roles of seven members of the SIRT family in health and disease conditions. Notably, this protein family plays a variety of important roles in cellular biology such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, etc., thus, it is considered a potential therapeutic target for different kinds of pathologies including cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and other conditions. Moreover, identification of SIRT modulators and exploring the functions of these different modulators have prompted increased efforts to discover new small molecules, which can modify SIRT activity. Furthermore, several randomized controlled trials have indicated that different interventions might affect the expression of SIRT protein in human samples, and supplementation of SIRT modulators might have diverse impact on physiological function in different participants. In this review, we introduce the history and structure of the SIRT protein family, discuss the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of seven members of the SIRT protein family, elaborate on the regulatory roles of SIRTs in human disease, summarize SIRT inhibitors and activators, and review related clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jun Wu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Fei Yu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Le Lv
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Yang Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Shu Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Qi Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wei
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Yi Guo
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cai-Gang Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Cancer, Breast Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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20
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Guo Z, Li P, Ge J, Li H. SIRT6 in Aging, Metabolism, Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1787-1822. [PMID: 36465178 PMCID: PMC9662279 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important NAD+-dependent enzyme, SIRT6 has received significant attention since its discovery. In view of observations that SIRT6-deficient animals exhibit genomic instability and metabolic disorders and undergo early death, SIRT6 has long been considered a protein of longevity. Recently, growing evidence has demonstrated that SIRT6 functions as a deacetylase, mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase and long fatty deacylase and participates in a variety of cellular signaling pathways from DNA damage repair in the early stage to disease progression. In this review, we elaborate on the specific substrates and molecular mechanisms of SIRT6 in various physiological and pathological processes in detail, emphasizing its links to aging (genomic damage, telomere integrity, DNA repair), metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, insulin secretion and lipid synthesis, lipolysis, thermogenesis), inflammation and cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury). In addition, the most recent advances regarding SIRT6 modulators (agonists and inhibitors) as potential therapeutic agents for SIRT6-mediated diseases are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Martin LJ, Adams DA, Niedzwiecki MV, Wong M. Aberrant DNA and RNA Methylation Occur in Spinal Cord and Skeletal Muscle of Human SOD1 Mouse Models of ALS and in Human ALS: Targeting DNA Methylation Is Therapeutic. Cells 2022; 11:3448. [PMID: 36359844 PMCID: PMC9657572 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease. Skeletal muscles and motor neurons (MNs) degenerate. ALS is a complex disease involving many genes in multiple tissues, the environment, cellular metabolism, and lifestyles. We hypothesized that epigenetic anomalies in DNA and RNA occur in ALS and examined this idea in: (1) mouse models of ALS, (2) human ALS, and (3) mouse ALS with therapeutic targeting of DNA methylation. Human superoxide dismutase-1 (hSOD1) transgenic (tg) mice were used. They expressed nonconditionally wildtype (WT) and the G93A and G37R mutant variants or skeletal muscle-restricted WT and G93A and G37R mutated forms. Age-matched non-tg mice were controls. hSOD1 mutant mice had increased DNA methyltransferase enzyme activity in spinal cord and skeletal muscle and increased 5-methylcytosine (5mC) levels. Genome-wide promoter CpG DNA methylation profiling in skeletal muscle of ALS mice identified hypermethylation notably in cytoskeletal genes. 5mC accumulated in spinal cord MNs and skeletal muscle satellite cells in mice. Significant increases in DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) and DNA methyltransferase-3A (DNMT3A) levels occurred in spinal cord nuclear and chromatin bound extracts of the different hSOD1 mouse lines. Mutant hSOD1 interacted with DNMT3A in skeletal muscle. 6-methyladenosine (6mA) RNA methylation was markedly increased or decreased in mouse spinal cord depending on hSOD1-G93A model, while fat mass and obesity associated protein was depleted and methyltransferase-like protein 3 was increased in spinal cord and skeletal muscle. Human ALS spinal cord had increased numbers of MNs and interneurons with nuclear 5mC, motor cortex had increased 5mC-positive neurons, while 6mA was severely depleted. Treatment of hSOD1-G93A mice with DNMT inhibitor improved motor function and extended lifespan by 25%. We conclude that DNA and RNA epigenetic anomalies are prominent in mouse and human ALS and are potentially targetable for disease-modifying therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J. Martin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Danya A. Adams
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mark V. Niedzwiecki
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Margaret Wong
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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22
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Patel S, Khan H, Majumdar A. Crosstalk between Sirtuins and Nrf2: SIRT1 activators as emerging treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2181-2195. [PMID: 35616799 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
About 50% of the diabetic patients worldwide suffer from Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) which is characterized by chronic pain and loss of sensation, frequent foot ulcerations, and risk for amputation. Numerous factors like hyperglycemia, oxidative stress (OS), impaired glucose signaling, inflammatory responses, neuronal cell death are known to be the various mechanisms underlying DACD and DPN. Development of tolerance, insufficient and inadequate relief and potential toxicity of classical antinociceptives still remains a challenge in the clinical setting. Therefore, there is an emerging need for novel treatments which are both without any potential side effects as well as which focus more on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease. Also, sirtuins are known to deacetylate Nrf2 and contribute to its action of reducing ROS by generation of anti-oxidant enzymes. Therefore, targeting sirtuins could be a favourable therapeutic strategy to treat diabetic neuropathy by reducing ROS and thereby alleviating OS in DPN. In the present review, we outline the potential use of SIRT1 activators as therapeutic alternatives in treating DPN. We have tried to highlight how sirtuins are interlinked with Nrf2 and NF-κB and put forth how SIRT activators could serve as potential therapy for DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Hasnat Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Anuradha Majumdar
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400098, India.
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Romero MA, Mumford PW, Roberson PA, Osburn SC, Young KC, Sedivy JM, Roberts MD. Translational Significance of the LINE-1 Jumping Gene in Skeletal Muscle. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2022; 50:185-193. [PMID: 35749745 PMCID: PMC9651911 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Retrotransposons are gene segments that proliferate in the genome, and the Long INterspersed Element 1 (LINE-1 or L1) retrotransposon is active in humans. Although older mammals show enhanced skeletal muscle L1 expression, exercise generally reverses this trend. We hypothesize skeletal muscle L1 expression influences muscle physiology, and additional innovative investigations are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Petey W. Mumford
- Department of Exercise Science, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, Missouri USA
| | - Paul A. Roberson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania USA
| | | | - Kaelin C. Young
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - John M. Sedivy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michael D. Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Sirtuin 6 inhibition protects against glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5415. [PMID: 36109503 PMCID: PMC9478160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic activation of stress hormones such as glucocorticoids leads to skeletal muscle wasting in mammals. However, the molecular events that mediate glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting are not well understood. Here, we show that SIRT6, a chromatin-associated deacetylase indirectly regulates glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting by modulating IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling. Our results show that SIRT6 levels are increased during glucocorticoid-induced reduction of myotube size and during skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. Notably, overexpression of SIRT6 spontaneously decreases the size of primary myotubes in a cell-autonomous manner. On the other hand, SIRT6 depletion increases the diameter of myotubes and protects them against glucocorticoid-induced reduction in myotube size, which is associated with enhanced protein synthesis and repression of atrogenes. In line with this, we find that muscle-specific SIRT6 deficient mice are resistant to glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting. Mechanistically, we find that SIRT6 deficiency hyperactivates IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling through c-Jun transcription factor-mediated increase in IGF2 expression. The increased activation, in turn, leads to nuclear exclusion and transcriptional repression of the FoxO transcription factor, a key activator of muscle atrophy. Further, we find that pharmacological inhibition of SIRT6 protects against glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting in mice by regulating IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling implicating the role of SIRT6 in glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy.
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25
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Georgieva AM, Guo X, Bartkuhn M, Günther S, Künne C, Smolka C, Atzberger A, Gärtner U, Mamchaoui K, Bober E, Zhou Y, Yuan X, Braun T. Inactivation of Sirt6 ameliorates muscular dystrophy in mdx mice by releasing suppression of utrophin expression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4184. [PMID: 35859073 PMCID: PMC9300598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent SIRT1-7 family of protein deacetylases plays a vital role in various molecular pathways related to stress response, DNA repair, aging and metabolism. Increased activity of individual sirtuins often exerts beneficial effects in pathophysiological conditions whereas reduced activity is usually associated with disease conditions. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT6 deacetylates H3K56ac in myofibers to suppress expression of utrophin, a dystrophin-related protein stabilizing the sarcolemma in absence of dystrophin. Inactivation of Sirt6 in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice reduced damage of myofibers, ameliorated dystrophic muscle pathology, and improved muscle function, leading to attenuated activation of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). ChIP-seq and locus-specific recruitment of SIRT6 using a CRISPR-dCas9/gRNA approach revealed that SIRT6 is critical for removal of H3K56ac at the Downstream utrophin Enhancer (DUE), which is indispensable for utrophin expression. We conclude that epigenetic manipulation of utrophin expression is a promising approach for the treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Utrophin is a dystrophin-related protein stabilizing the sarcolemma in absence of dystrophin. Here the authors report that inactivation of the protein deacetylase SIRT6, involved in the deacetylation of the epigenetic mark H3K56ac in muscle cells, increases expression of utrophin and ameliorates dystrophic muscle pathology in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina M Georgieva
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Marek Bartkuhn
- Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Künne
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Christian Smolka
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ann Atzberger
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Eva Bober
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Xuejun Yuan
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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Wagner S, Manickam R, Brotto M, Tipparaju SM. NAD + centric mechanisms and molecular determinants of skeletal muscle disease and aging. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1829-1848. [PMID: 35334034 PMCID: PMC10065019 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential redox cofactor, involved in various physiological and molecular processes, including energy metabolism, epigenetics, aging, and metabolic diseases. NAD+ repletion ameliorates muscular dystrophy and improves the mitochondrial and muscle stem cell function and thereby increase lifespan in mice. Accordingly, NAD+ is considered as an anti-oxidant and anti-aging molecule. NAD+ plays a central role in energy metabolism and the energy produced is used for movements, thermoregulation, and defense against foreign bodies. The dietary precursors of NAD+ synthesis is targeted to improve NAD+ biosynthesis; however, studies have revealed conflicting results regarding skeletal muscle-specific effects. Recent advances in the activation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in the NAD+ salvage pathway and supplementation of NAD+ precursors have led to beneficial effects in skeletal muscle pathophysiology and function during aging and associated metabolic diseases. NAD+ is also involved in the epigenetic regulation and post-translational modifications of proteins that are involved in various cellular processes to maintain tissue homeostasis. This review provides detailed insights into the roles of NAD+ along with molecular mechanisms during aging and disease conditions, such as the impacts of age-related NAD+ deficiencies on NAD+-dependent enzymes, including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPs), CD38, and sirtuins within skeletal muscle, and the most recent studies on the potential of nutritional supplementation and distinct modes of exercise to replenish the NAD+ pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 030, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ravikumar Manickam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 030, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas-Arlington (UTA), Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas M Tipparaju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 030, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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27
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Yuan Z, Zeng Y, Tian Y, Wang S, Hong B, Yang M. SIRT6 serves as a polyhedron in glycolytic metabolism and ageing-related diseases. Exp Gerontol 2022; 162:111765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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28
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Bian C, Zhang H, Gao J, Wang Y, Li J, Guo D, Wang W, Song Y, Weng Y, Ren H. SIRT6 regulates SREBP1c-induced glucolipid metabolism in liver and pancreas via the AMPKα-mTORC1 pathway. J Transl Med 2022; 102:474-484. [PMID: 34923569 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism by which SIRT6 regulates glucolipid metabolism disorders. We detected histological and molecular changes in Sprague-Dawley rats as well as in BRL 3A and INS-1 cell lines subjected to overnutrition and starvation. SIRT6, SREBP1c, and glucolipid metabolism biomarkers were identified by fluorescence co-localization, real-time PCR, and western blotting. Gene silencing studies were performed. Recombinant SIRT6, AMPK agonist (AICAR), mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin), and liver X receptor (LXR) agonist (T0901317) were used to pre-treated in BRL 3A and INS-1 cells. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to detect related proteins, and cell counting was utilized to detect proliferation. We obtained conflicting results; SIRT6 and SREBP1c appeared in both the liver and pancreas of high-fat and hungry rats. Recombinant SIRT6 alleviated the decrease in AMPKα and increase in mTORC1 (complex of mTOR, Raptor, and Rheb) caused by overnutrition. SIRT6 siRNA reversed the glucolipid metabolic disorders caused by the AMPK agonist and mTOR inhibitor but not by the LXR agonist. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SIRT6 regulates glycolipid metabolism through AMPKα-mTORC1 regulating SREBP1c in the liver and pancreas induced by overnutrition and starvation, independent of LXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuling Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Weng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiwen Ren
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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29
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Norrbom JM, Ydfors M, Lovric A, Perry CGR, Rundqvist H, Rullman E. A HIF-1 signature dominates the attenuation in the human skeletal muscle transcriptional response to high-intensity interval training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:1448-1459. [PMID: 35482326 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00310.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) generates profound metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle. These responses mirror performance improvements but follow a non-linear pattern comprised of an initial fast phase followed by a gradual plateau effect. The complete time-dependent molecular sequelae that regulates this plateau effect remains unknown. We hypothesize that the plateau effect during HIIT is restricted to specific pathways with communal upstream transcriptional regulation. To investigate this, eleven healthy men performed nine sessions of HIIT (10x4 minutes of cycling at 91 % of HRmax) over a 3-week period. Before and 3h after the 1st and 9th exercise bout, skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained, and RNA sequencing performed. Almost 2,000 genes across 84 pathways were differentially expressed in response to a single HIIT session. The overall transcriptional response to acute exercise was strikingly similar at 3 weeks, 83 % (n=1650) of the genes regulated after the 1st bout of exercise were similarly regulated by the 9th bout, albeit with a smaller effect size, and the response attenuated to on average 70 % of the 1st bout. The attenuation differed substantially between pathways and was very pronounced for glycolysis and cellular adhesion but more preserved for MAPK and VEGF-A signalling. The attenuation was driven by a combination of changes in steady-state expression and specific transcriptional regulation. Given that the exercise intensity was progressively increased, and that the attenuation was pathway specific, we suggest that moderation of muscular adaptation after a period of training stems from targeted regulation rather than a diminished exercise stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mia Ydfors
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alen Lovric
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helene Rundqvist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Rullman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Sirt6 reprograms myofibers to oxidative type through CREB-dependent Sox6 suppression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1808. [PMID: 35379817 PMCID: PMC8980083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExpanding the exercise capacity of skeletal muscle is an emerging strategy to combat obesity-related metabolic diseases and this can be achieved by shifting skeletal muscle fibers toward slow-twitch oxidative type. Here, we report that Sirt6, an anti-aging histone deacetylase, is critical in regulating myofiber configuration toward oxidative type and that Sirt6 activator can be an exercise mimetic. Genetic inactivation of Sirt6 in skeletal muscle reduced while its transgenic overexpression increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity and exercise performance in mice. Mechanistically, we show that Sirt6 downregulated Sox6, a key repressor of slow fiber specific gene, by increasing the transcription of CREB. Sirt6 expression is elevated in chronically exercised humans, and mice treated with an activator of Sirt6 showed an increase in exercise endurance as compared to exercise-trained controls. Thus, the current study identifies Sirt6 as a molecular target for reprogramming myofiber composition toward the oxidative type and for improving muscle performance.
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31
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Zhou X, Yan Q, Yang H, Ren A, He Z, Tan Z. Maternal intake restriction programs the energy metabolism, clock circadian regulator and mTOR signals in the skeletal muscles of goat offspring probably via the protein kinase A-cAMP-responsive element-binding proteins pathway. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:1303-1314. [PMID: 34786503 PMCID: PMC8567324 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The biological mechanism by which maternal undernutrition increases the metabolic disorder risk of skeletal muscles in offspring is not fully understood. We hypothesize that maternal intake restriction influences metabolic signals in the skeletal muscles of offspring via a glucagon-mediated pathway. Twenty-four pregnant goats were assigned to the control group (100% of the nutrients requirement, n = 12) and restricted group (60% of the control feed allowance from pregnant days 45 to 100, n = 12). Blood and L ongissimus thoracis muscle were sampled from dams (100 d of gestation), fetuses (100 d of gestation), and kids (90 d after birth) in each group. The data were analyzed using the linear MIXED model, with the multiple comparison method of SIDAK applied. Intake restriction reduced (P < 0.05) the total blood protein of dams and fetuses. Maternal restriction decreased (P < 0.05) the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB1), CREB-binding protein (CREBBP), protein kinase A (PKA), aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (BMAL1), protein kinase B (AKT1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (RPTOR) mRNA expression in the fetuses, and reduced (P < 0.05) the CREBBP, nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3 (NR1H3), D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor (DBP) and PKA mRNA levels in the kids, but increased (P < 0.05) the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1 A) and tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) mRNA levels in the fetuses. The mRNA expression of clock circadian regulator (CLOCK) and TSC2 genes was increased (P < 0.05) in the restricted kids. The protein expression of total PKA and phosphorylated PKA in the restricted fetuses and kids were downregulated (P < 0.05), and the protein expression of total mTOR and phosphorylated mTOR were reduced (P < 0.05) in the restricted fetuses and kids. Maternal intake restriction regulated fat oxidation, protein synthesis, and circadian clock expression in the muscles of the offspring probably via the glucagon-mediated PKA-CREB pathway, which reveals a noteworthy molecular pathway that maternal undernutrition leads to metabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, China
| | - Qiongxian Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Ao Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Zhixiong He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
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32
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Total Sesquiterpene Glycosides from Loquat Leaves Ameliorate HFD-Induced Insulin Resistance by Modulating IRS-1/GLUT4, TRPV1, and SIRT6/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4706410. [PMID: 34745416 PMCID: PMC8566052 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4706410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), a subtropical fruit tree native to Asia, is not only known to be nutritive but also beneficial for the treatment of diabetes in the south of China. To expand its development, this study was undertaken concerning the potential therapeutic role of total sesquiterpene glycosides (TSGs) from loquat leaves in insulin resistance (IR), the major causative factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Male C57BL/6 mice were fed on high-fat diet (HFD) to induce IR and then were given TSG by oral administration at 25 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively. TSG notably improved metabolic parameters including body weight, serum glucose, and insulin levels and prevented hepatic injury. Moreover, inflammatory response and oxidative stress were found to be remarkably alleviated in IR mice with TSG supplement. Further research in liver of IR mice demonstrated that TSG repaired the signalings of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)/glucose transporter member 4 (GLUT4) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which improved glucose and lipid metabolism and prevented lipid accumulation in liver. It was also observed that TSG suppressed the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), whereas the signaling pathway of sirtuin-6 (SIRT6)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was significantly promoted. Based on the results, the current study demonstrated that TSG from loquat leaves potentially ameliorated IR in vivo by enhancing IRS-1/GLUT4 signaling and AMPK activation and modulating TRPV1 and SIRT6/Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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Spinelli S, Begani G, Guida L, Magnone M, Galante D, D'Arrigo C, Scotti C, Iamele L, De Jonge H, Zocchi E, Sturla L. LANCL1 binds abscisic acid and stimulates glucose transport and mitochondrial respiration in muscle cells via the AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 pathway. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101263. [PMID: 34098144 PMCID: PMC8237609 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone also present and active in animals. In mammals, ABA regulates blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin-independent glucose uptake and metabolism in adipocytes and myocytes through its receptor LANCL2. The objective of this study was to investigate whether another member of the LANCL protein family, LANCL1, also behaves as an ABA receptor and, if so, which functional effects are mediated by LANCL1. METHODS ABA binding to human recombinant LANCL1 was explored by equilibrium-binding experiments with [3H]ABA, circular dichroism, and surface plasmon resonance. Rat L6 myoblasts overexpressing either LANCL1 or LANCL2, or silenced for the expression of both proteins, were used to investigate the basal and ABA-stimulated transport of a fluorescent glucose analog (NBDG) and the signaling pathway downstream of the LANCL proteins using Western blot and qPCR analysis. Finally, glucose tolerance and sensitivity to ABA were compared in LANCL2-/- and wild-type (WT) siblings. RESULTS Human recombinant LANCL1 binds ABA with a Kd between 1 and 10 μM, depending on the assay (i.e., in a concentration range that lies between the low and high-affinity ABA binding sites of LANCL2). In L6 myoblasts, LANCL1 and LANCL2 similarly, i) stimulate both basal and ABA-triggered NBDG uptake (4-fold), ii) activate the transcription and protein expression of the glucose transporters GLUT4 and GLUT1 (4-6-fold) and the signaling proteins AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 (2-fold), iii) stimulate mitochondrial respiration (5-fold) and the expression of the skeletal muscle (SM) uncoupling proteins sarcolipin (3-fold) and UCP3 (12-fold). LANCL2-/- mice have a reduced glucose tolerance compared to WT. They spontaneously overexpress LANCL1 in the SM and respond to chronic ABA treatment (1 μg/kg body weight/day) with an improved glycemia response to glucose load and an increased SM transcription of GLUT4 and GLUT1 (20-fold) of the AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 pathway and sarcolipin, UCP3, and NAMPT (4- to 6-fold). CONCLUSIONS LANCL1 behaves as an ABA receptor with a somewhat lower affinity for ABA than LANCL2 but with overlapping effector functions: stimulating glucose uptake and the expression of muscle glucose transporters and mitochondrial uncoupling and respiration via the AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 pathway. Receptor redundancy may have been advantageous in animal evolution, given the role of the ABA/LANCL system in the insulin-independent stimulation of cell glucose uptake and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Spinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Begani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Mirko Magnone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Denise Galante
- Institute for Macromolecular Studies, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina D'Arrigo
- Institute for Macromolecular Studies, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Scotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Immunology and General Pathology Unit, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Ardis Srl, Via Taramelli 24, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Iamele
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Immunology and General Pathology Unit, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Ardis Srl, Via Taramelli 24, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hugo De Jonge
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Immunology and General Pathology Unit, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Ardis Srl, Via Taramelli 24, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Zocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Laura Sturla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
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Langlois A, Forterre A, Pinget M, Bouzakri K. Impact of moderate exercise on fatty acid oxidation in pancreatic β-cells and skeletal muscle. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1815-1825. [PMID: 33844166 PMCID: PMC8357749 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) play a crucial role in glycaemia regulation in healthy and metabolic disorders conditions through various mechanisms. FA oxidation is one of the processes involved in lipid metabolism and can be modulated by exercise. Nowadays, physical activity is known to be an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Moreover, its intensity, its duration, the sex-gender, the prandial state, exerkines… are as many parameters that can influence glycaemic control. However, the widely debated question is to determine the best type of exercise for patients with metabolic disorders. In this review, we will discuss the impact of exercise intensity, especially moderate activity, on glycaemic control by focussing on FA oxidation in pancreatic β-cells and skeletal muscle. Finally, thanks to all the recent data, we will determine whether moderate physical activity is a good therapeutic strategy and if FA oxidation represents a target of interest to treat diabetic, obese and insulin-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Langlois
- Centre Européen D'étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de L'Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
| | - A Forterre
- Centre Européen D'étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de L'Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
| | - M Pinget
- Centre Européen D'étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de L'Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
| | - K Bouzakri
- Centre Européen D'étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de L'Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France.
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Transcranial direct-current stimulation protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through regulating Cezanne-dependent signaling. Exp Neurol 2021; 345:113818. [PMID: 34324860 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is proved safe and shows therapeutic effect in cerebral ischemic stroke in clinical trials. But the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that tDCS treatment reduces the infarct volume after rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and results in functional improvement of stroke animals. At the cellular and molecular level, tDCS suppresses I/R-induced upregulation of Cezanne in the ischemic neurons. Cezanne inhibition confers neuroprotection after rat I/R and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in the cortical neuronal cultures. Inhibiting Cezanne increases the level of SIRT6 that is downregulated in the ischemic neurons. Suppressing SIRT6 blocks Cezanne inhibition-induced neuroprotective effect and overexpressing SIRT6 attenuates OGD-induced neuronal death. We further show that downregulating Cezanne reduces DNA double-strand break (DSB) through upregulation of SIRT6 in OGD-insulted neurons. Together, this study suggests that Cezanne-dependent SIRT6-DNA DSB signaling pathway may mediate the neuroprotective effect of tDCS in ischemic neurons.
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Michalak A, Lach T, Cichoż-Lach H. Oxidative Stress-A Key Player in the Course of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143011. [PMID: 34300175 PMCID: PMC8303854 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to be an inseparable factor involved in the presentation of liver disorders. Free radicals interfere with DNA, proteins, and lipids, which are crucial in liver metabolism, changing their expression and biological functions. Additionally, oxidative stress modifies the function of micro-RNAs, impairing the metabolism of hepatocytes. Free radicals have also been proven to influence the function of certain transcriptional factors and to alter the cell cycle. The pathological appearance of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) constitutes an ideal example of harmful effects due to the redox state. Finally, ethanol-induced toxicity and overproduction of free radicals provoke irreversible changes within liver parenchyma. Understanding the underlying mechanisms associated with the redox state in the course of ALD creates new possibilities of treatment for patients. The future of hepatology may become directly dependent on the effective action against reactive oxygen species. This review summarizes current data on the redox state in the natural history of ALD, highlighting the newest reports on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Michalak
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Lach
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Halina Cichoż-Lach
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-601377656; Fax: +48-814796135
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Maissan P, Mooij EJ, Barberis M. Sirtuins-Mediated System-Level Regulation of Mammalian Tissues at the Interface between Metabolism and Cell Cycle: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:194. [PMID: 33806509 PMCID: PMC7999230 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of highly conserved NAD+-dependent proteins and this dependency links Sirtuins directly to metabolism. Sirtuins' activity has been shown to extend the lifespan of several organisms and mainly through the post-translational modification of their many target proteins, with deacetylation being the most common modification. The seven mammalian Sirtuins, SIRT1 through SIRT7, have been implicated in regulating physiological responses to metabolism and stress by acting as nutrient sensors, linking environmental and nutrient signals to mammalian metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, mammalian Sirtuins have been implicated in playing major roles in mammalian pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, obesity and cancer. Mammalian Sirtuins are expressed heterogeneously among different organs and tissues, and the same holds true for their substrates. Thus, the function of mammalian Sirtuins together with their substrates is expected to vary among tissues. Any therapy depending on Sirtuins could therefore have different local as well as systemic effects. Here, an introduction to processes relevant for the actions of Sirtuins, such as metabolism and cell cycle, will be followed by reasoning on the system-level function of Sirtuins and their substrates in different mammalian tissues. Their involvement in the healthy metabolism and metabolic disorders will be reviewed and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parcival Maissan
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Eva J. Mooij
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Matteo Barberis
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
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Tang Q, Liu Q, Yang X, Wu T, Huang C, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Huang H, Xia Y, Yan J, Li Y, He J. Sirtuin 6 supra-physiological overexpression in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons promotes obesity via the hypothalamus-adipose axis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21408. [PMID: 33583107 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), a member of the Sirtuin family, has important roles in maintaining glucose and lipid metabolism. Our previous studies demonstrated that the deletion of Sirt6 in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing cells by the loxP-Cre system resulted in severe obesity and hepatic steatosis. However, whether overexpression of Sirt6 in hypothalamic POMC neurons could ameliorate diet-induced obesity is still unknown. Thus, we generated mice specifically overexpressing Sirt6 in hypothalamic POMC neurons (PSOE) by stereotaxic injection of Cre-dependent adeno-associated viruses into the arcuate nucleus of Pomc-Cre mice. PSOE mice showed increased adiposity and decreased energy expenditure. Furthermore, thermogenesis of BAT and lipolysis of WAT were both impaired, caused by reduced sympathetic nerve innervation and activity in adipose tissues. Mechanistically, Sirt6 overexpression decreasing STAT3 acetylation, thus lowering POMC expression in the hypothalamus underlined the observed phenotypes in PSOE mice. These results demonstrate that Sirt6 overexpression specifically in the hypothalamic POMC neurons exacerbates diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders via the hypothalamus-adipose axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuping Yang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuiyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingnan Zhao
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Yan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Becherini P, Caffa I, Piacente F, Damonte P, Vellone VG, Passalacqua M, Benzi A, Bonfiglio T, Reverberi D, Khalifa A, Ghanem M, Guijarro A, Tagliafico L, Sucameli M, Persia A, Monacelli F, Cea M, Bruzzone S, Ravera S, Nencioni A. SIRT6 enhances oxidative phosphorylation in breast cancer and promotes mammary tumorigenesis in mice. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:6. [PMID: 33482921 PMCID: PMC7821730 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase with key roles in cell metabolism. High SIRT6 expression is associated with adverse prognosis in breast cancer (BC) patients. However, the mechanisms through which SIRT6 exerts its pro-oncogenic effects in BC remain unclear. Here, we sought to define the role of SIRT6 in BC cell metabolism and in mouse polyoma middle T antigen (PyMT)-driven mammary tumors. METHODS We evaluated the effect of a heterozygous deletion of Sirt6 on tumor latency and survival of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-PyMT mice. The effect of SIRT6 silencing on human BC cell growth was assessed in MDA-MB-231 xenografts. We also analyzed the effect of Sirt6 heterozygous deletion, of SIRT6 silencing, and of the overexpression of either wild-type (WT) or catalytically inactive (H133Y) SIRT6 on BC cell pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) expression and activity and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), including respiratory complex activity, ATP/AMP ratio, AMPK activation, and intracellular calcium concentration. RESULTS The heterozygous Sirt6 deletion extended tumor latency and mouse survival in the MMTV-PyMT mouse BC model, while SIRT6 silencing slowed the growth of MDA-MB-231 BC cell xenografts. WT, but not catalytically inactive, SIRT6 enhanced PDH expression and activity, OXPHOS, and ATP/AMP ratio in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 BC cells. Opposite effects were obtained by SIRT6 silencing, which also blunted the expression of genes encoding for respiratory chain proteins, such as UQCRFS1, COX5B, NDUFB8, and UQCRC2, and increased AMPK activation in BC cells. In addition, SIRT6 overexpression increased, while SIRT6 silencing reduced, intracellular calcium concentration in MDA-MB-231 cells. Consistent with these findings, the heterozygous Sirt6 deletion reduced the expression of OXPHOS-related genes, the activity of respiratory complexes, and the ATP/AMP ratio in tumors isolated from MMTV-PyMT mice. CONCLUSIONS Via its enzymatic activity, SIRT6 enhances PDH expression and activity, OXPHOS, ATP/AMP ratio, and intracellular calcium concentration, while reducing AMPK activation, in BC cells. Thus, overall, SIRT6 inhibition appears as a viable strategy for preventing or treating BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Becherini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Caffa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Damonte
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valerio G Vellone
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Integrated, Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, L.go Rosanna Benzi 8, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Benzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bonfiglio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Reverberi
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Amr Khalifa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Moustafa Ghanem
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ana Guijarro
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Tagliafico
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marzia Sucameli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelica Persia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Monacelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Cea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Samant SA, Pillai VB, Gupta MP. Skeletal muscle-specific over-expression of the nuclear sirtuin SIRT6 blocks cancer-associated cachexia by regulating multiple targets. JCSM RAPID COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 4:40-56. [PMID: 34212132 PMCID: PMC8237231 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During cancer cachexia, cytokines released from tumour cells can alter body's metabolism, which can lead to onset of this disease process. Biological basis of cachexia is multifactorial; hence, it is important to identify and modulate multiple targets to curtail the process of cachexia. Previously, we reported that the nuclear sirtuin, SIRT6, blocks expression of myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, through modulation of the NF-κB signalling. This study was undertaken to test whether muscle-specific over-expression of SIRT6 can block the cancer-associated muscle wasting in vivo and to identify additional relevant targets of SIRT6, which can explain its ability to maintain muscle health. METHODS We generated a skeletal muscle-specific SIRT6 over-expressing transgenic mouse line (Sk.T6Tg) expressing SIRT6 at a moderate (two-fold to four-fold) level, compared with its control littermates. To generate a cancer-cachexia model, B16F10 mouse melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously in the flanks of mice. Gastrocnemius muscle tissues from non-tumour and tumour controls and Sk.T6Tg mice (n = 5-20) were analysed by histology, immunoblotting, and RT-qPCR. Plasma samples of mice were evaluated using cytokine arrays and ELISA in both non-tumour and tumour conditions. RESULTS Our results demonstrate dual benefits of muscle-specific moderate over-expression of SIRT6 in a mouse model of cancer-cachexia. In tumour-bearing mice, SIRT6 over-expression preserved muscle weight (P < 0.001) and fibre size (P < 0.005) as well as suppressed tumour growth (P < 0.05). SIRT6 over-expression significantly reduced myostatin expression and plasma free fatty acids levels but maintained plasma insulin levels in tumour-bearing mice. These positive effects of SIRT6 were associated with downregulation of the circulatory chemokine, CXCL10, and the myokine, WNT4. SIRT6 also upregulated expression of GLUT4, the major glucose transporter in the skeletal muscle. These results for the first time demonstrate that SIRT6 regulates multiple targets to limit tumour growth and cancer-associated muscle atrophy. CONCLUSION Given the multifactorial nature of cachexia, SIRT6, which concurrently controls multiple pathways, can be a valuable therapeutic target to overcome this debilitating syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana A. Samant
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Chicago5841 South Maryland AvenueChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Vinodkumar B. Pillai
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Chicago5841 South Maryland AvenueChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Mahesh P. Gupta
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Chicago5841 South Maryland AvenueChicagoIL60637USA
- Committee on Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Pritzker School of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
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Jung TW, Park J, Sun JL, Ahn SH, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacimuftuoglu A, Kim HC, Shim JH, Shin S, Jeong JH. Administration of kynurenic acid reduces hyperlipidemia-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110928. [PMID: 32702471 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KA), an endogenous product of L-tryptophan metabolism in the kynurenine pathway, regulates adipose tissue energy homeostasis and inflammation. However, its role in palmitate-induced insulin resistance and detailed underlying mechanisms in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues are unclear. Herein, we report that KA ameliorated palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in differentiated C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cell lines as well as soleus skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissues in mice. Palmitate-induced inflammatory markers, such as nuclear factor κB translocation, inhibitory κBα phosphorylation, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and impaired insulin signaling, were markedly attenuated by KA both in vitro and in vivo. KA significantly increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) expressions in C2C12 myocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes and skeletal muscle and adipose tissues of mice. siRNA-mediated AMPK or SIRT6 inhibition significantly mitigated the suppressive effects of KA on palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. KA significantly stimulated expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in C2C12 myocytes and skeletal muscle of mice. Moreover, KA inhibits lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. AMPK or SIRT6 siRNA markedly reversed these changes. The siRNA targeting Gpr35 abrogated the effects of KA on AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, except SIRT6 expression. It has therefore been shown that KA could potentially alleviate inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues through Gpr35/AMPK and SIRT6-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaw Long Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Ho Ahn
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, 250353, China; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - SungShik Shin
- Laboratory of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
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Tang X, Wei Y, Wang J, Chen S, Cai J, Tang J, Xu X, Long B, Yu G, Zhang Z, He M, Qin J. Association between SIRT6 Methylation and Human Longevity in a Chinese Population. Public Health Genomics 2020; 23:190-199. [PMID: 33238266 DOI: 10.1159/000508832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 6 gene (SIRT6) is a longevity gene that is involved in a variety of metabolic pathways, but the relationship between SIRT6 methylation and longevity has not been clarified. METHODS We conducted a case-control study on 129 residents with a family history of longevity (1 of parents, themselves, or siblings aged ≥90 years) and 86 individuals without a family history of exceptional longevity to identify the association. DNA pyrosequencing was performed to analyze the methylation status of SIRT6 promoter CpG sites. qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to estimate the SIRT6 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and protein content. Six CpG sites (P1-P6) were identified as methylation variable positions in the SIRT6 promoter region. RESULTS At the P2 and P5 CpG sites, the methylation rates of the longevity group were lower than those of the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009), which might be independent determinants of longevity. The mRNA and protein levels of SIRT6 decreased in the control group (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.038). The mRNA level negatively correlated with the methylation rates at the P2 (rs = -0.173, p = 0.011) and P5 sites (rs = -0.207, p = 0.002). Furthermore, the protein content positively correlated with the methylation rate at the P5 site (rs = 0.136, p = 0.046) but showed no significant correlation with the methylation rate at the P2 site. CONCLUSION The low level of SIRT6 methylation may be a potential protective factor of Chinese longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiansheng Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiexia Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bingshuang Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guoqi Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
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Saiyang X, Deng W, Qizhu T. Sirtuin 6: A potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105214. [PMID: 33007414 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are serious diseases endangering human health due to high morbidity and mortality worldwide, and numerous signal molecules are involved in this pathological process. As a member of the Sirtuin family NAD +-dependent deacetylases, indeed, Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) plays an important role in regulating biological homeostasis, longevity, and various diseases. More importantly, SIRT6 performs as an indispensable role in glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation and genomic stability for the occurrence and development of various CVDs. Recent advances: among sirtuins, SIRT6 was frequently unveiled thanks for its protective roles against heart failure, cardiovascular remodeling and atherosclerosis, and identified as an essential intervention target of CVDs, bringing SIRT6 into the focus of clinical interest. Herein, we provide an overview of the current molecular mechanism through which SIRT6 regulates CVDs, and we highlight a potential therapeutic target for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Saiyang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
| | - Tang Qizhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
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Tian H, Liu S, Ren J, Lee JKW, Wang R, Chen P. Role of Histone Deacetylases in Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Systemic Energy Homeostasis: Implications for Metabolic Diseases and Therapy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:949. [PMID: 32848876 PMCID: PMC7431662 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest metabolic organ in the human body and is able to rapidly adapt to drastic changes during exercise. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which target histone and non-histone proteins, are two major enzyme families that control the biological process of histone acetylation and deacetylation. Balance between these two enzymes serves as an essential element for gene expression and metabolic and physiological function. Genetic KO/TG murine models reveal that HDACs possess pivotal roles in maintaining skeletal muscles' metabolic homeostasis, regulating skeletal muscles motor adaptation and exercise capacity. HDACs may be involved in mitochondrial remodeling, insulin sensitivity regulation, turn on/off of metabolic fuel switching and orchestrating physiological homeostasis of skeletal muscles from the process of myogenesis. Moreover, many myogenic factors and metabolic factors are modulated by HDACs. HDACs are considered as therapeutic targets in clinical research for treatment of cancer, inflammation, and neurological and metabolic-related diseases. This review will focus on physiological function of HDACs in skeletal muscles and provide new ideas for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jason Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Global Asia Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Jansen T, Kvandová M, Daiber A, Stamm P, Frenis K, Schulz E, Münzel T, Kröller-Schön S. The AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Plays a Role in Antioxidant Defense and Regulation of Vascular Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060525. [PMID: 32560060 PMCID: PMC7346208 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of global deaths and life years spent with a severe disability. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress are early precursors of atherosclerotic processes in the vascular wall, all of which are hallmarks in the development of cardiovascular diseases and predictors of future cardiovascular events. There is growing evidence that inflammatory processes represent a major trigger for endothelial dysfunction, vascular oxidative stress and atherosclerosis and clinical data identified inflammation as a cardiovascular risk factor on its own. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central enzyme of cellular energy balance and metabolism that has been shown to confer cardio-protection and antioxidant defense which thereby contributes to vascular health. Interestingly, AMPK is also redox-regulated itself. We have previously shown that AMPK largely contributes to a healthy endothelium, confers potent antioxidant effects and prevents arterial hypertension. Recently, we provided deep mechanistic insights into the role of AMPK in cardiovascular protection and redox homeostasis by studies on arterial hypertension in endothelial and myelomonocytic cell-specific AMPK knockout (Cadh5CrexAMPKfl/fl and LysMCrexAMPKfl/fl) mice. Using these cell-specific knockout mice, we revealed the potent anti-inflammatory properties of AMPK representing the molecular basis of the antihypertensive effects of AMPK. Here, we discuss our own findings in the context of literature data with respect to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of AMPK in the specific setting of arterial hypertension as well as cardiovascular diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jansen
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1—Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (K.F.); (T.M.)
| | - Miroslava Kvandová
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1—Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (K.F.); (T.M.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1—Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (K.F.); (T.M.)
- Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (S.K.-S); Tel.: +49-(0)6131-176280 (A.D.); Fax: +49-(0)6131-176293 (A.D.)
| | - Paul Stamm
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1—Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (K.F.); (T.M.)
| | - Katie Frenis
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1—Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (K.F.); (T.M.)
| | - Eberhard Schulz
- Department of Cardiology, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, 29223 Celle, Germany;
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1—Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (K.F.); (T.M.)
- Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1—Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.J.); (M.K.); (P.S.); (K.F.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (S.K.-S); Tel.: +49-(0)6131-176280 (A.D.); Fax: +49-(0)6131-176293 (A.D.)
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Tang Q, Gao Y, Liu Q, Yang X, Wu T, Huang C, Huang Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Li R, Pu S, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Huang H, Li Y, Jiang W, Chang Y, He J. Sirt6 in pro-opiomelanocortin neurons controls energy metabolism by modulating leptin signaling. Mol Metab 2020; 37:100994. [PMID: 32278654 PMCID: PMC7215198 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sirt6 is an essential regulator of energy metabolism in multiple peripheral tissues. However, the direct role of Sirt6 in the hypothalamus, specifically pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, controlling energy balance has not been established. Here, we aimed to determine the role of Sirt6 in hypothalamic POMC neurons in the regulation of energy balance and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS For overexpression studies, the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) of diet-induced obese mice was targeted bilaterally and adenovirus was delivered by using stereotaxic apparatus. For knockout studies, the POMC neuron-specific Sirt6 knockout mice (PKO mice) were generated. Mice were fed with chow diet or high-fat diet, and body weight and food intake were monitored. Whole-body energy expenditure was determined by metabolic cages. Parameters of body composition and glucose/lipid metabolism were evaluated. RESULTS Sirt6 overexpression in the ARC ameliorated diet-induced obesity. Conversely, selective Sirt6 ablation in POMC neurons predisposed mice to obesity and metabolic disturbances. PKO mice showed an increased fat mass and food intake, while the energy expenditure was decreased. Mechanistically, Sirt6 could modulate leptin signaling in hypothalamic POMC neurons, with Sirt6 deficiency impairing leptin-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. The effects of leptin on reducing food intake and body weight and leptin-stimulated lipolysis were also impaired. Moreover, Sirt6 inhibition diminished the leptin-induced depolarization of POMC neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a key role of Sirt6 in POMC neurons against energy imbalance, suggesting that Sirt6 is an important molecular regulator for POMC neurons to promote negative energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xuping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Cuiyuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shiyun Pu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yingnan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Sirt6 opposes glycochenodeoxycholate-induced apoptosis of biliary epithelial cells through the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:43. [PMID: 32206298 PMCID: PMC7083051 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Induction of biliary epithelial cell apoptosis by toxic bile acids is involved in the development of cholestatic disease, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in Sirt6 protection against the apoptosis of human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HiBEC) induced by the bile acid glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC). Results Sirt6 was either overexpressed or knocked down in HiBEC, with or without GCDC pretreatment. The CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell viability and, Hoechst 33258 staining was used to determine apoptotic rate. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were detected to evaluate the severity of the mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The mRNA and protein levels of PGC-1α, Nrf1, and Nrf2 were analyzed using RT-qPCR and western blot assay. The results showed that Sirt6 opposed GCDC-induced apoptosis in HiBEC via up-regulating PGC-1α expression and stabilizing mtDNA. We used agonists and inhibitors of AMPK to demonstrate that Sirt6 increased PGC-1α expression through the AMPK pathway whereas GCDC had the opposite effect. Finally, western blot, luciferase assay, and co-immunoprecipitation were used to describe a direct interaction and acetylation modification of PGC-1α by Sirt6. Conclusion Our data illuminated that Sirt6 ameliorated GCDC-induced HiBEC apoptosis by upregulating PGC-1α expression through the AMPK pathway and its deacetylation effect.
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Xu J, Kitada M, Koya D. The impact of mitochondrial quality control by Sirtuins on the treatment of type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165756. [PMID: 32147421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has significantly increased worldwide in recent decades, and improved treatments for T2DM and DKD are urgently needed. The pathogenesis of aging-related disorders, such as T2DM and DKD, involves multiple mechanisms, including inflammation, autophagy impairment, and oxidative stress, which are closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, mitochondrial quality control may be a novel therapeutic target for T2DM and DKD. Previous reports have shown that members of the mammalian Sirtuin family, SIRT 1-7, which are recognized as antiaging molecules, play a crucial role in the regulation of mitochondrial function and quality control through the modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy. In this review, we summarized the research published in recent years to highlight the role of Sirtuins in mitochondrial quality control as a therapeutic target for T2DM and DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, NO. 28, Guiyi Street, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan; Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan; Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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Naiman S, Huynh FK, Gil R, Glick Y, Shahar Y, Touitou N, Nahum L, Avivi MY, Roichman A, Kanfi Y, Gertler AA, Doniger T, Ilkayeva OR, Abramovich I, Yaron O, Lerrer B, Gottlieb E, Harris RA, Gerber D, Hirschey MD, Cohen HY. SIRT6 Promotes Hepatic Beta-Oxidation via Activation of PPARα. Cell Rep 2019; 29:4127-4143.e8. [PMID: 31851938 PMCID: PMC7165364 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-longevity enzyme SIRT6 regulates various metabolic pathways. Gene expression analyses in SIRT6 heterozygotic mice identify significant decreases in PPARα signaling, known to regulate multiple metabolic pathways. SIRT6 binds PPARα and its response element within promoter regions and activates gene transcription. Sirt6+/- results in significantly reduced PPARα-induced β-oxidation and its metabolites and reduced alanine and lactate levels, while inducing pyruvate oxidation. Reciprocally, starved SIRT6 transgenic mice show increased pyruvate, acetylcarnitine, and glycerol levels and significantly induce β-oxidation genes in a PPARα-dependent manner. Furthermore, SIRT6 mediates PPARα inhibition of SREBP-dependent cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis. Mechanistically, SIRT6 binds PPARα coactivator NCOA2 and decreases liver NCOA2 K780 acetylation, which stimulates its activation of PPARα in a SIRT6-dependent manner. These coordinated SIRT6 activities lead to regulation of whole-body respiratory exchange ratio and liver fat content, revealing the interactions whereby SIRT6 synchronizes various metabolic pathways, and suggest a mechanism by which SIRT6 maintains healthy liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Naiman
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Frank K Huynh
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Reuven Gil
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yair Glick
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yael Shahar
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Noga Touitou
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Liat Nahum
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Matan Y Avivi
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Asael Roichman
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yariv Kanfi
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Asaf A Gertler
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tirza Doniger
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ifat Abramovich
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Street, Bat Galim, Haifa, Israel
| | - Orly Yaron
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Batia Lerrer
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Street, Bat Galim, Haifa, Israel
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Doron Gerber
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Haim Y Cohen
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
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Gilani N, Haghshenas R, Esmaeili M. Application of multivariate longitudinal models in SIRT6, FBS, and BMI analysis of the elderly. Aging Male 2019; 22:260-265. [PMID: 29901417 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1477933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: SIRT6 is a main regulator of metabolism and lifespan and its importance has been implicated in the prevention against aging-related diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the application of multivariate longitudinal models in SIRT6, FBS, and BMI analysis in the elderly men after eight weeks concurrent training with supplementation of l-arginine (l-Arg). Methods: Thirty two elderly men with mean age of 63.09 ± 3.71 years were randomly divided into four equal-sized groups (each n = 8); Exercise + supplement (ES) group; exercise + placebo (EP) group; supplement (S) group and control (C) group. The ES and EP groups performed the eight weeks of concurrent training, three sessions per week. Group ES and group S consumed 1000 mg of l-Arg per day at 8:00 pm. Measurements of biochemical variables were done by ELISA Reader method. For analytical purposes, we used the paired sample t-test and multivariate longitudinal modeling with generalized estimating equation (GEE) methodology. All analyses have been implemented in R-3.4.1. p Values less than .05 were considered statistically significant. Results: With respect to significant association between sirt6, FBS, and BMI, this study showed that synergy effect of training and supplementation was greater than the sum of their individual effects on SIRT6 (β = 0.79, p < .001), FBS (β = -5.56, p = .022), and BMI (β = -3.89; p = .041). Also exercise alone had a significantly larger effect than supplementation alone on responses. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the joint usage of concurrent training and supplement of l-Arg for elderly men could improve the metabolism and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Gilani
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Rouhollah Haghshenas
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University , Semnan , Iran
| | - Mahmoud Esmaeili
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University , Semnan , Iran
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