1
|
Nasrollahi Z, ShahaniPour K, Monajemi R, Ahadi AM. Effect of quercetin and Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench on lipids metabolism and blood glucose through AMPK-α in diabetic rats (HFD/STZ). J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14506. [PMID: 36369969 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is a key enzyme in the glyconeogenesis pathway. The AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK-α) pathway regulates PEPCK, which itself is activated by the AMP/ATP ratio and liver kinase B1 (KB1). The Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (okra) plant contains a large amount of quercetin that can function as an agonist or an antagonist. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of quercetin flavonoid and A. esculentus extract on the level of AMPK-α expression and associated metabolic pathways. The findings demonstrate that metformin, quercetin, and okra extract may significantly raise AMPK-α levels while significantly lowering PEPCK and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) levels, in addition to improving glucose and lipid profiles. By stimulating KB1, these substances increased AMPK-α activation. Additionally, AMPK-α activation improved insulin resistance and Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) gene expression levels. Since AMPK-α maintains energy balance and its activity has not been reported to be inhibited so far, it could be a potent therapeutic target. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The development of effective AMPK-α agonists and antagonists holds promise for the treatment of metabolic disorders like diabetes. Dietary polyphenols are a valuable source for developing new drugs. However, due to the lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms of their effect on cells, their use in the treatment of diabetes is controversial. In addition to chemicals that have medicinal benefits, chemists are searching for less harmful substances. Using plants containing bioactive chemicals for this purpose can be a good alternative to chemical drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Nasrollahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kahin ShahaniPour
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramesh Monajemi
- Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Ahadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva RNO, Llanos RP, Eichler RAS, Oliveira TB, Gozzo FC, Festuccia WT, Ferro ES. New Intracellular Peptide Derived from Hemoglobin Alpha Chain Induces Glucose Uptake and Reduces Blood Glycemia. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122175. [PMID: 34959456 PMCID: PMC8708875 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular peptides were shown to derive from proteasomal degradation of proteins from mammalian and yeast cells, being suggested to play distinctive roles both inside and outside these cells. Here, the role of intracellular peptides previously identified from skeletal muscle and adipose tissues of C57BL6/N wild type (WT) and neurolysin knockout mice were investigated. In differentiated C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells, some of these intracellular peptides like insulin activated the expression of several genes related to muscle contraction and gluconeogenesis. One of these peptides, LASVSTVLTSKYR (Ric4; 600 µg/kg), administrated either intraperitoneally or orally in WT mice, decreased glycemia. Neither insulin (10 nM) nor Ric4 (100 µM) induced glucose uptake in adipose tissue explants obtained from conditional knockout mice depleted of insulin receptor. Ric4 (100 µM) similarly to insulin (100 nM) induced Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane of C2C12 differentiated cells, and increased GLUT4 mRNA levels in epididymal adipose tissue of WT mice. Ric4 (100 µM) increased both Erk and Akt phosphorylation in C2C12, as well as in epididymal adipose tissue from WT mice; Erk, but not Akt phosphorylation was activated by Ric4 in tibial skeletal muscle from WT mice. Ric4 is rapidly degraded in vitro by WT liver and kidney crude extracts, such a response that is largely reduced by structural modifications such as N-terminal acetylation, C-terminal amidation, and substitution of Leu8 for DLeu8 (Ac-LASVSTV[DLeu]TSKYR-NH2; Ric4-16). Ric4-16, among several Ric4 derivatives, efficiently induced glucose uptake in differentiated C2C12 cells. Among six Ric4-derivatives evaluated in vivo, Ac-LASVSTVLTSKYR-NH2 (Ric4-2; 600 µg/kg) and Ac-LASVSTV[DLeu]TSKYR (Ric4-15; 600 µg/kg) administrated orally efficiently reduced glycemia in a glucose tolerance test in WT mice. The potential clinical application of Ric4 and Ric4-derivatives deserves further attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renée N. O. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (R.N.O.S.); (R.P.L.); (R.A.S.E.)
| | - Ricardo P. Llanos
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (R.N.O.S.); (R.P.L.); (R.A.S.E.)
| | - Rosangela A. S. Eichler
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (R.N.O.S.); (R.P.L.); (R.A.S.E.)
| | - Thiago B. Oliveira
- Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (T.B.O.); (W.T.F.)
| | - Fábio C. Gozzo
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil;
| | - William T. Festuccia
- Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (T.B.O.); (W.T.F.)
| | - Emer S. Ferro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (R.N.O.S.); (R.P.L.); (R.A.S.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3091-7310
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang CC, Chen HJ, Chan DC, Chiu CY, Liu SH, Lan KC. Low-Dose Acrolein, an Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Molecule, Inhibits Glucose Transport via an Inhibition of Akt-Regulated GLUT4 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137228. [PMID: 34281282 PMCID: PMC8268984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary acrolein adduct levels have been reported to be increased in both habitual smokers and type-2 diabetic patients. The impairment of glucose transport in skeletal muscles is a major factor responsible for glucose uptake reduction in type-2 diabetic patients. The effect of acrolein on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether acrolein affects muscular glucose metabolism in vitro and glucose tolerance in vivo. Exposure of mice to acrolein (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks substantially increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. The glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) protein expression was significantly decreased in soleus muscles of acrolein-treated mice. The glucose uptake was significantly decreased in differentiated C2C12 myotubes treated with a non-cytotoxic dose of acrolein (1 μM) for 24 and 72 h. Acrolein (0.5–2 μM) also significantly decreased the GLUT4 expression in myotubes. Acrolein suppressed the phosphorylation of glucose metabolic signals IRS1, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and GSK3α/β. Over-expression of constitutive activation of Akt reversed the inhibitory effects of acrolein on GLUT4 protein expression and glucose uptake in myotubes. These results suggest that acrolein at doses relevant to human exposure dysregulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells and impairs glucose tolerance in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University & Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Jen Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Ding-Cheng Chan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Yuan Chiu
- Center of Consultation, Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University & Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (K.-C.L.)
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (K.-C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang T, Wang J, Hu X, Huang XJ, Chen GX. Current understanding of glucose transporter 4 expression and functional mechanisms. World J Biol Chem 2020; 11:76-98. [PMID: 33274014 PMCID: PMC7672939 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i3.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is used aerobically and anaerobically to generate energy for cells. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are transmembrane proteins that transport glucose across the cell membrane. Insulin promotes glucose utilization in part through promoting glucose entry into the skeletal and adipose tissues. This has been thought to be achieved through insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation from intracellular compartments to the cell membrane, which increases the overall rate of glucose flux into a cell. The insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation has been investigated extensively. Recently, significant progress has been made in our understanding of GLUT4 expression and translocation. Here, we summarized the methods and reagents used to determine the expression levels of Slc2a4 mRNA and GLUT4 protein, and GLUT4 translocation in the skeletal muscle, adipose tissues, heart and brain. Overall, a variety of methods such real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence microscopy, fusion proteins, stable cell line and transgenic animals have been used to answer particular questions related to GLUT4 system and insulin action. It seems that insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation can be observed in the heart and brain in addition to the skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Hormones other than insulin can induce GLUT4 translocation. Clearly, more studies of GLUT4 are warranted in the future to advance of our understanding of glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiannan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xinge Hu
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Xian-Ju Huang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guo-Xun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vahidi Ferdowsi P, Ng R, Adulcikas J, Sohal SS, Myers S. Zinc Modulates Several Transcription-Factor Regulated Pathways in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E5098. [PMID: 33153045 PMCID: PMC7663025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential metal ion involved in many biological processes. Studies have shown that zinc can activate several molecules in the insulin signalling pathway and the concomitant uptake of glucose in skeletal muscle cells. However, there is limited information on other potential pathways that zinc can activate in skeletal muscle. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify other zinc-activating pathways in skeletal muscle cells to further delineate the role of this metal ion in cellular processes. Mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells were treated with insulin (10 nM), zinc (20 µM), and the zinc chelator TPEN (various concentrations) over 60 min. Western blots were performed for the zinc-activation of pAkt, pErk, and pCreb. A Cignal 45-Reporter Array that targets 45 signalling pathways was utilised to test the ability of zinc to activate pathways that have not yet been described. Zinc and insulin activated pAkt over 60 min as expected. Moreover, the treatment of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells with TPEN reduced the ability of zinc to activate pAkt and pErk. Zinc also activated several associated novel transcription factor pathways including Nrf1/Nrf2, ATF6, CREB, EGR1, STAT1, AP-1, PPAR, and TCF/LEF, and pCREB protein over 120 min of zinc treatment. These studies have shown that zinc's activity extends beyond that of insulin signalling and plays a role in modulating novel transcription factor activated pathways. Further studies to determine the exact role of zinc in the activation of transcription factor pathways will provide novel insights into this metal ion actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Myers
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham Campus, Launceston 7250, Australia; (P.V.F.); (R.N.); (J.A.); (S.S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Caron A, Ahmed F, Peshdary V, Garneau L, Atlas E, Aguer C. Effects of PCB126 on Adipose-to-Muscle Communication in an in Vitro Model. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:107002. [PMID: 33026256 PMCID: PMC7539676 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is linked to the development of insulin resistance. Previous studies suggested PCB126 alters muscle mitochondrial function through an indirect mechanism. Given that PCBs are stored in fat, we hypothesized that PCB126 alters adipokine secretion, which in turn affects muscle metabolism. OBJECTIVES We determined a) the impacts of PCB126 exposure on adipocyte cytokine/adipokine secretion in vitro; b) whether adipocyte-derived factors alter glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in myotubes when exposed to PCB126; and c) whether preestablished insulin resistance alters the metabolic responses of adipocytes exposed to PCB126 and the communication between adipocytes and myotubes. METHODS 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to PCB126 (1-100 nM) in two insulin sensitivity conditions [insulin sensitive (IS) and insulin resistant (IR) adipocytes], followed by the measurement of secreted adipokines, mitochondrial function, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Communication between adipocytes and myotubes was reproduced by exposing C2C12 myotubes or mouse primary myotubes to conditioned medium (CM) derived from IS or IR 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to PCB126. Mitochondrial function and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were then determined in myotubes. RESULTS IR 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with PCB126 had significantly higher adipokine (adiponectin, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α) secretion and lower mitochondrial function, glucose uptake, and glycolysis. However, PCB126 did not significantly alter these parameters in IS adipocytes. Altered energy metabolism in IR 3T3-L1 adipocytes was linked to lower phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and higher superoxide dismutase 2 levels, an enzyme involved in reactive oxygen species detoxification. Myotubes exposed to the CM from PCB126-treated IR adipocytes had lower glucose uptake, with no alteration in glycolysis or mitochondrial function. Interestingly, p-AMPK levels were higher in myotubes exposed to the CM of PCB126-treated IR adipocytes. DISCUSSION Taken together, these data suggest that increased adipokine secretion from IR adipocytes exposed to PCB126 might explain impaired glucose uptake in myotubes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7058.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Caron
- Institut du Savoir Montfort—recherche, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fozia Ahmed
- Institut du Savoir Montfort—recherche, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vian Peshdary
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Léa Garneau
- Institut du Savoir Montfort—recherche, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ella Atlas
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Céline Aguer
- Institut du Savoir Montfort—recherche, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wong CY, Al-Salami H, Dass CR. C2C12 cell model: its role in understanding of insulin resistance at the molecular level and pharmaceutical development at the preclinical stage. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1667-1693. [PMID: 32812252 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The myoblast cell line, C2C12, has been utilised extensively in vitro as an examination model in understanding metabolic disease progression. Although it is indispensable in both preclinical and pharmaceutical research, a comprehensive review of its use in the investigation of insulin resistance progression and pharmaceutical development is not available. KEY FINDINGS C2C12 is a well-documented model, which can facilitate our understanding in glucose metabolism, insulin signalling mechanism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species and glucose transporters at cellular and molecular levels. With the aid of the C2C12 model, recent studies revealed that insulin resistance has close relationship with various metabolic diseases in terms of disease progression, pathogenesis and therapeutic management. A holistic, safe and effective disease management is highly of interest. Therefore, significant efforts have been paid to explore novel drug compounds and natural herbs that can elicit therapeutic effects in the targeted sites at both cellular (e.g. mitochondria, glucose transporter) and molecular level (e.g. genes, signalling pathway). SUMMARY The use of C2C12 myoblast cell line is meaningful in pharmaceutical and biomedical research due to their expression of GLUT-4 and other features that are representative to human skeletal muscle cells. With the use of the C2C12 cell model, the impact of drug delivery systems (nanoparticles and quantum dots) on skeletal muscle, as well as the relationship between exercise, pancreatic β-cells and endothelial cells, was discovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Y Wong
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yano N, Zhang L, Wei D, Dubielecka PM, Wei L, Zhuang S, Zhu P, Qin G, Liu PY, Chin YE, Zhao TC. Irisin counteracts high glucose and fatty acid-induced cytotoxicity by preserving the AMPK-insulin receptor signaling axis in C2C12 myoblasts. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E791-E805. [PMID: 32182124 PMCID: PMC7272726 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00219.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Irisin, a newly identified myokine, is critical to modulating body metabolism and biological homeostasis. However, whether irisin protects the skeletal muscles against metabolic stresses remains unknown. In this study, we determine the effect of irisin on high glucose and fatty acid-induced damages using irisin-overexpressed mouse C2C12 (irisin-C2C12) myoblasts and skeletal muscle from irisin-injected mice. Compared with empty vector-transfected control C2C12 cells, irisin overexpression resulted in a marked increase in cell viability and decrease in apoptosis under high-glucose stress. Progression of the cell cycle into the G2/M phase in the proliferative condition was also observed with irisin overexpression. Furthermore, glucose uptake, glycogen accumulation, and phosphorylation of AMPKα/insulin receptor (IR) β-subunit/Erk1/2 in response to insulin stimulation were enhanced by irisin overexpression. In irisin-C2C12 myoblasts, these responses of phosphorylation were preserved under palmitate treatment, which induced insulin resistance in the control cells. These effects of irisin were reversed by inhibiting AMPK with compound C. In addition, high glucose-induced suppression of the mitochondrial membrane potential was also prevented by irisin. Moreover, suppression of IR in irisin-C2C12 myoblasts by cotransfection of shRNA against IR also mitigated the effects of irisin while not affecting AMPKα phosphorylation. As an in vivo study, soleus muscles from irisin-injected mice showed elevated phosphorylation of AMPKα and Erk1/2 and glycogen contents. Our results indicate that irisin counteracts the stresses generated by high glucose and fatty acid levels and irisin overexpression serves as a novel approach to elicit cellular protection. Furthermore, AMPK activation is a crucial factor that regulates insulin action as a downstream target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Yano
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Dennis Wei
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Patrycja M Dubielecka
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Paul Y Liu
- Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen W, Nyasha MR, Koide M, Tsuchiya M, Suzuki N, Hagiwara Y, Aoki M, Kanzaki M. In vitro exercise model using contractile human and mouse hybrid myotubes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11914. [PMID: 31417107 PMCID: PMC6695424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraction of cultured myotubes with application of electric pulse stimulation (EPS) has been utilized for investigating cellular responses associated with actual contractile activity. However, cultured myotubes derived from human subjects often exhibit relatively poor EPS-evoked contractile activity, resulting in minimal contraction-inducible responses (i.e. myokine secretion). We herein describe an “in vitro exercise model”, using hybrid myotubes comprised of human myoblasts and murine C2C12 myoblasts, exhibiting vigorous contractile activity in response to EPS. Species-specific analyses including RT-PCR and the BioPlex assay allowed us to separately evaluate contraction-inducible gene expressions and myokine secretions from human and mouse constituents of hybrid myotubes. The hybrid myotubes, half of which had arisen from primary human satellite cells obtained from biopsy samples, exhibited remarkable increases in the secretions of human cytokines (myokines) including interleukins (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL16), CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL10), CC chemokines (CCL1, CCL2, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL16, CCL17, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL22, CCL25, CCL27), and IFN-γ in response to EPS-evoked contractile activity. Together, these results indicate that inadequacies arising from human muscle cells are effectively overcome by fusing them with murine C2C12 cells, thereby supporting the development of contractility and the resulting cellular responses of human-origin muscle cells. Our approach, using hybrid myotubes, further expands the usefulness of the “in vitro exercise model”.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Chen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 980-8579, 6-6-04 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mazvita R Nyasha
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 980-8579, 6-6-04 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Koide
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Nursing, Tohoku Fukushi University, 981-8522, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Suzuki
- Department of Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 980-8579, 6-6-04 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma J, Meng X, Kang SY, Zhang J, Jung HW, Park YK. Regulatory effects of the fruit extract of Lycium chinense and its active compound, betaine, on muscle differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109297. [PMID: 31404771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study was conducted to investigate the effects of the fruits of Lycium chinense Mill. (Lycii Fructus, LF) and its bioactive compound, betaine, on muscle differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 cells. LF extract and betaine was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator1-alpha (PGC-1α), sirtuin-1(Sirt-1), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM) and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), were determined in cellular or mitochondrial levels by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or Western blot, respectively. The glucose levels and total ATP contents were measured by the glucose consumption in a culture medium, cellular glucose uptake and ATP assays. LF extract at 4 mg/ml and betaine at 2 and 5 mM significantly increased the expression of MyHC in C2C12 myotubes, compared with non-treated cells. LF extract and betaine significantly increased the expression of PGC-1α, Sirt-1, NRF-1 and TFAM mRNA and protein in the myotubes, as well as phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC. Furthermore, LF extract and betaine significantly increased the mitochondrial protein contents, as the TFAM and NRF-1 expressions were increased. LF extract and betaine also significantly increased the glucose uptake and ATP contents in the myotubes. The LF extract contained 3.18% betaine was quantitated by HPLC. LF extract and betaine enhanced muscle differentiation and energy metabolism through the up-regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis-regulating factors, suggesting that LF extract and betaine can help to prevent the dysfunction of skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Ma
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea.
| | - Xianglong Meng
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea.
| | - Seok Yong Kang
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Hyo Won Jung
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea; Korean Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea.
| | - Yong-Ki Park
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea; Korean Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maric T, Mikhaylov G, Khodakivskyi P, Bazhin A, Sinisi R, Bonhoure N, Yevtodiyenko A, Jones A, Muhunthan V, Abdelhady G, Shackelford D, Goun E. Bioluminescent-based imaging and quantification of glucose uptake in vivo. Nat Methods 2019; 16:526-532. [PMID: 31086341 PMCID: PMC6546603 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is a major source of energy for most living organisms, and its aberrant uptake is linked to many pathological conditions. However, our understanding of disease-associated glucose flux is limited owing to the lack of robust tools. To date, positron-emission tomography imaging remains the gold standard for measuring glucose uptake, and no optical tools exist for non-invasive longitudinal imaging of this important metabolite in in vivo settings. Here, we report the development of a bioluminescent glucose-uptake probe for real-time, non-invasive longitudinal imaging of glucose absorption both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we demonstrate that the sensitivity of our method is comparable with that of commonly used 18F-FDG-positron-emission-tomography tracers and validate the bioluminescent glucose-uptake probe as a tool for the identification of new glucose transport inhibitors. The new imaging reagent enables a wide range of applications in the fields of metabolism and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Maric
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georgy Mikhaylov
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pavlo Khodakivskyi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arkadiy Bazhin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Sinisi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bonhoure
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiments G/H, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleksey Yevtodiyenko
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Jones
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vishaka Muhunthan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gihad Abdelhady
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Shackelford
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elena Goun
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li C, Luo J, Guo S, Jia X, Guo C, Li X, Xu Q, Shi D. Highly Selective Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitor, 2,2',3,3'-Tetrabromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane, Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in BKS db Mice. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1839-1850. [PMID: 30974944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a widely confirmed target of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. Herein, we reported a highly specific PTP1B inhibitor 2,2',3,3'-tetrabromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane (compound 1), which showed promising hypoglycemic activity in diabetic BKS db mice. With the IC50 value of 2.4 μM, compound 1 could directly bind to the catalytic pocket of PTP1B through a series of hydrogen bonds. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that the target affinity [KD (equilibrium dissociation constant) value] of compound 1 binding to PTP1B was 2.90 μM. Moreover, compound 1 could activate the insulin signaling pathway in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. We further evaluated the long-term effects of compound 1 in diabetic BKS db mice. Notably, oral administration of compound 1 significantly reduced the blood glucose levels of diabetic mice with increasing insulin sensitivity. In addition, the dyslipidemia of diabetic mice was also significantly improved by compound 1 gavage. The histological experiments showed that compound 1 treatment significantly ameliorated the disordered hepatic and pancreatic architecture and increased the glycogen content in the liver tissues as well as improved the insulin secretion function of pancreas. Taken together, our results manifested that the natural product compound 1 was a highly specific PTP1B inhibitor, which could activate insulin signaling pathway and ameliorate hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in diabetic BKS db mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jiao Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Shuju Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
| | - Qi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Dayong Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology , Shandong University , Qingdao , China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chang HC, Kao CH, Chung SY, Chen WC, Aninda LP, Chen YH, Juan YA, Chen SL. Bhlhe40 differentially regulates the function and number of peroxisomes and mitochondria in myogenic cells. Redox Biol 2018; 20:321-333. [PMID: 30391825 PMCID: PMC6218633 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α is a key regulator of oxidative metabolism facilitating the expression of genes critical for the function and biogenesis of the two key oxidative organelles, mitochondria and peroxisomes, in skeletal muscle (SKM) and other organs. Our recent studies have found that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 negatively regulates PGC-1α gene expression and its coactivational activity, therefore, this factor should have profound influence on the biogenesis and metabolic activity of mitochondria and peroxisomes. Here we found that both the number and activity of peroxisomes were increased upon knockdown of Bhlhe40 expression but were repressed by its over-expression. Mitochondrial efficiency was significantly reduced by Bhlhe40 knockdown, resulting in the burst of ROS. Over-expression of a constitutively active PGC-1α-interactive domain (named as VBH135) of Bhlhe40 mimicked the effects of its knockdown on peroxisomes but simultaneously reduced ROS level. Furthermore, the efficiency, but not the number, of mitochondria was also increased by VBH135, suggesting differential regulation of peroxisomes and mitochondria by Bhlhe40. Unsaturated fatty acid oxidation, insulin response, and oxidative respiration were highly enhanced in Bhlhe40 knockdown or VBH135 over-expressed cells, suggesting the importance of Bhlhe40 in the regulation of unsaturated fatty acid and glucose oxidative metabolism. Expression profiling of genes important for either organelle also supports differential regulation of peroxisomes and mitochondria by Bhlhe40. These observations have established the important role of Bhlhe40 in SKM oxidative metabolism as the critical regulator of peroxisome and mitochondrion biogenesis and functions, and thus should provide a novel route for developing drugs targeting SKM metabolic diseases. Knockout of Bhlhe40 increased ROS but over-expression of Bhlhe40 reduced ROS. Peroxisome number was increased by Bhlhe40 knockout or VBH135 overexpression. Mitochondrial efficiency was reduced by Bhlhe40 knockout but increased by VBH135. Oxidative respiration was enhanced by Bhlhe40 knockdown or VBH135 overexpression. Bhlhe40 repressed PGC-1α coactivation of nuclear gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Chia Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien Han Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih Ying Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei Cheng Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lulus Putri Aninda
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi Huan Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi An Juan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shen Liang Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parsanathan R, Jain SK. Hydrogen sulfide increases glutathione biosynthesis, and glucose uptake and utilisation in C 2C 12 mouse myotubes. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:288-303. [PMID: 29378451 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1431626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic patients have lower blood concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), L-cysteine (LC), and glutathione (GSH). Using C2C12 mouse myotubes as a model, this study investigates the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of LC supplementation are mediated by upregulation of the H2S status under diabetic conditions. Results show that exogenous administration of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 10 or 20 µM; 6 hours), a H2S donor, significantly (p < .05) upregulates the gene expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), LC transporter (Slc7a11/xCT), and the genes involved in GSH biosynthesis. Additionally, it reduces homocysteine (HCys), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and enhances cellular LC, H2S, and glucose uptake and utilisation in myoblasts. The use of CSE siRNA to induce deficient endogenous H2S production causes an increase in H2O2, ROS, HCys levels, and downregulation of GSH biosynthesis pathway enzymes. In additional, CSE knockdown downregulates glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and gene expression of its key transcription factors, and reduces glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. CSE knockdown cells showed specific increases in the protein S-glutathionylation of LC transporter and GLUT4 along with increased total protein S-glutathionylation. Taken together, evidence from this study provides molecular insights into the importance of the CSE/H2S system in maintaining the cellular glutathione and glucose homeostasis in C2C12 myotubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Parsanathan
- a Department of Pediatrics , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Centre , Shreveport , LA , USA
| | - Sushil K Jain
- a Department of Pediatrics , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Centre , Shreveport , LA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stanford KI, Lynes MD, Takahashi H, Baer LA, Arts PJ, May FJ, Lehnig AC, Middelbeek RJW, Richard JJ, So K, Chen EY, Gao F, Narain NR, Distefano G, Shettigar VK, Hirshman MF, Ziolo MT, Kiebish MA, Tseng YH, Coen PM, Goodyear LJ. 12,13-diHOME: An Exercise-Induced Lipokine that Increases Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Uptake. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1111-1120.e3. [PMID: 29719226 PMCID: PMC5935136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating factors released from tissues during exercise have been hypothesized to mediate some of the health benefits of regular physical activity. Lipokines are circulating lipid species that have recently been reported to affect metabolism in response to cold. Here, lipidomics analysis revealed that a bout of moderate-intensity exercise causes a pronounced increase in the circulating lipid 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME) in male, female, young, old, sedentary, and active human subjects. In mice, both a single bout of exercise and exercise training increased circulating 12,13-diHOME and surgical removal of brown adipose tissue (BAT) negated the increase in 12,13-diHOME, suggesting that BAT is the tissue source for exercise-stimulated 12,13-diHOME. Acute 12,13-diHOME treatment of mice in vivo increased skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake and oxidation, but not glucose uptake. These data reveal that lipokines are novel exercise-stimulated circulating factors that may contribute to the metabolic changes that occur with physical exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lisa A Baer
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter J Arts
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Francis J May
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Adam C Lehnig
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Roeland J W Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Richard
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kawai So
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Fei Gao
- BERG, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | | | - Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Vikram K Shettigar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark T Ziolo
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Turner MC, Player DJ, Martin NR, Akam EC, Lewis MP. The effect of chronic high insulin exposure upon metabolic and myogenic markers in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and myotubes. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5686-5695. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Turner
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise MedicineLoughborough UniversityLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
| | - Darren J. Player
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise MedicineLoughborough UniversityLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal ScienceDivision of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonStanmoreMiddlesexUnited Kingdom
| | - Neil R.W. Martin
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise MedicineLoughborough UniversityLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C. Akam
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise MedicineLoughborough UniversityLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise MedicineLoughborough UniversityLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Trans-Plasma Membrane Electron Transport and Ascorbate Efflux by Skeletal Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040089. [PMID: 29120354 PMCID: PMC5745499 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-plasma membrane electron transport (tPMET) and the antioxidant roles of ascorbate reportedly play a role in protection of cells from damage by reactive oxygen species, which have been implicated in causing metabolic dysfunction such as insulin resistance. Skeletal muscle comprises the largest whole-body organ fraction suggesting a potential role of tPMET and ascorbate export as a major source of extracellular antioxidant. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle is capable of tPMET and ascorbate efflux. To measure these processes, we assayed the ability of cultured muscle cells, satellite cells, and isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) to reduce two extracellular electron acceptors, water soluble tetrazolium salt 1 (WST-1), and dichlorophenolindophenol (DPIP). Ascorbate oxidase (AO) was utilized to determine which portion of WST-1 reduction was dependent on ascorbate efflux. We found that muscle cells can reduce extracellular electron acceptors. In C2C12 myotubes and satellite cells, a substantial portion of this reduction was dependent on ascorbate. In myotubes, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibitors along with a pan-GLUT inhibitor suppressed tPMET and ascorbate efflux, while a GLUT4 inhibitor had no effect. The adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase activator 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) suppressed both tPMET and ascorbate efflux by myotubes, while insulin had no effect. Taken together, our data suggest that muscle cells are capable of tPMET and ascorbate efflux supported by GLUT1, thus illustrating a model in which resting muscle exports electrons and antioxidant to the extracellular environment.
Collapse
|
18
|
Eburicoic Acid, a Triterpenoid Compound from Antrodia camphorata, Displays Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects in Palmitate-Treated C2C12 Myotubes and in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112314. [PMID: 29099085 PMCID: PMC5713283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects and mechanisms of eburicoic acid (TRR); one component of Antrodia camphorata in vitro and in an animal model for 14 weeks. Expression levels of membrane glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4); phospho-5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/total AMPK; and phospho-Akt/total Akt in insulin-resistant C2C12 myotube cells were significantly decreased by palmitate; and such decrease was prevented and restored by TRR at different concentrations. A group of control (CON) was on low-fat diet over a period of 14 weeks. Diabetic mice; after high-fat-diet (HFD) induction for 10 weeks; were randomly divided into six groups and were given once a day oral gavage doses of either TRR (at three dosage levels); fenofibrate (Feno) (at 0.25 g/kg body weight); metformin (Metf) (at 0.3 g/kg body weight); or vehicle (distilled water) (HF group) over a period of 4 weeks and still on HFD. Levels of glucose; triglyceride; free fatty acid (FFA); insulin; and leptin in blood were increased in 14-week HFD-fed mice as compared to the CON group; and the increases were prevented by TRR, Feno, or Metf as compared to the HF group. Moreover, HFD-induction displayed a decrease in circulating adiponectin levels, and the decrease was prevented by TRR, Feno, or Metf treatment. The overall effect of TRR is to decrease glucose and triglyceride levels and improved peripheral insulin sensitivity. Eburicoic acid, Feno, and Metf displayed both enhanced expression levels of phospho-AMPK and membrane expression levels of GLUT4 in the skeletal muscle of HFD-fed mice to facilitate glucose uptake with consequent enhanced hepatic expression levels of phospho-AMPK in the liver and phosphorylation of the transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) but decreased messenger RNA (mRNA) of phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) to inhibit hepatic glucose production; resulting in lowered blood glucose levels. Moreover; TRR treatment increased hepatic expression levels of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) to enhance fatty acid oxidation; but displayed a reduction in expressions of hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) but an increase in fatty acid oxidation PPARα coincident with a decrease in hepatic mRNA levels of sterol response element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c); resulting in a decrease in blood triglycerides and amelioration of hepatic ballooning degeneration. Eburicoic acid-treated mice reduced adipose expression levels of lipogenic FAS and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and led to decreased adipose lipid accumulation. The present findings demonstrated that TRR exhibits a beneficial therapeutic potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ouro A, Arana L, Riazy M, Zhang P, Gomez-Larrauri A, Steinbrecher U, Duronio V, Gomez-Muñoz A. Vascular endothelial growth factor mediates ceramide 1-phosphate-stimulated macrophage proliferation. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:277-283. [PMID: 29080796 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) regulates cell division in a variety of cell types including macrophages. However, the mechanisms involved in this action are not completely understood. In the present work we show that C1P stimulates the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in RAW264.7 macrophages, and that this growth factor is essential for stimulation of cell proliferation by C1P. The stimulation of VEGF release was dependent upon activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB-1 also known as Akt-1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase (MEK)/extracellularly regulated kinase-2 (ERK-2) pathways, as inhibition of these kinases with selective pharmacological inhibitors or with specific gene silencing siRNA, abrogated VEGF release. A key observation was that sequestration of VEGF with a neutralizing antibody, or treatment with VEGF siRNA abolished C1P-stimulated macrophage growth. Also, inhibition of the pathways involved in C1P-stimulated VEGF release inhibited the stimulation of macrophage growth by C1P. Moreover, blockade of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), which is the primary receptor for VEGF, with the pharmacological inhibitor DMH4, or with specific VEGFR-2 siRNA, substantially inhibited C1P-stimulated cell growth. It can be concluded that stimulation of VEGF release is a key factor in the promotion of macrophage proliferation by C1P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ouro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Lide Arana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maziar Riazy
- Department of Medicine. University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Medicine. University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana Gomez-Larrauri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Urs Steinbrecher
- Department of Medicine. University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vincent Duronio
- Department of Medicine. University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Antonio Gomez-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu R, Liu H, Liu C, Wang L, Ma R, Chen B, Li L, Niu J, Fu M, Zhang D, Gao S. Cinnamaldehyde in diabetes: A review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and safety. Pharmacol Res 2017; 122:78-89. [PMID: 28559210 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde, one of the active components derived from Cinnamon, has been used as a natural flavorant and fragrance agent in kitchen and industry. Emerging studies have been performed over the past decades to evaluate its beneficial role in management of diabetes and its complications. This review highlights recent advances of cinnamaldehyde in its glucolipid lowering effects, its pharmacokinetics, and its safety by consulting the Pubmed, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, China Science and Technology Journal, National Science and Technology Library, Wanfang Data, and the Web of Science Databases. For the inquiries, keywords such as Cinnamon, cinnamaldehyde, property, synthesis, diabetes, obesity, pharmacokinetics, and safety were used in various combinations. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that cinnamaldehyde exhibits glucolipid lowering effects in diabetic animals by increasing glucose uptake and improving insulin sensitivity in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues, improving glycogen synthesis in liver, restoring pancreatic islets dysfunction, slowing gastric emptying rates, and improving diabetic renal and brain disorders. Cinnamaldehyde exerts these effects through its action on multiple signaling pathways, including PPARs, AMPK, PI3K/IRS-1, RBP4-GLUT4, and ERK/JNK/p38MAPK, TRPA1-ghrelin and Nrf2 pathways. In addition, cinnamaldehyde seems to regulate the activities of PTP1B and α-amylase. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde has the potential of metalizing into cinnamyl alcohol and methyl cinnamate and cinnamic acid in the body. Finally, there is a potential toxicity concern about this compound. In summary, cinnamaldehyde supplementation is shown to improve glucose and lipid homeostasis in diabetic animals, which may provide a new option for diabetic intervention. To this end, further scientific evidences are required from clinical trials on its glucose regulating effects and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyuan Zhu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin Li
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ariga M, Yoneyama Y, Fukushima T, Ishiuchi Y, Ishii T, Sato H, Hakuno F, Nedachi T, Takahashi SI. Glucose deprivation attenuates sortilin levels in skeletal muscle cells. Endocr J 2017; 64:255-268. [PMID: 27980238 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, sortilin plays a predominant role in the sorting of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4), thereby controlling glucose uptake. Moreover, our previous study suggested that the sortilin expression levels are also implicated in myogenesis. Despite the importance of sortilin in skeletal muscle, however, the regulation of sortilin expression has not been completely understood. In the present study, we analyzed if the sortilin expression is regulated by glucose in C2C12 myocytes and rat skeletal muscles in vivo. Sortilin protein expression was elevated upon C2C12 cell differentiation and was further enhanced in the presence of a high concentration of glucose. The gene expression and protein degradation of sortilin were not affected by glucose. On the other hand, rapamycin partially reduced sortilin induction by a high concentration of glucose, which suggested that sortilin translation could be regulated by glucose, at least in part. We also examined if the sortilin regulation by glucose was also observed in skeletal muscles that were obtained from fed or fasted rats. Sortilin expression in both gastrocnemius and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was significantly decreased by 17-18h of starvation. On the other hand, pathological levels of high blood glucose did not alter the sortilin expression in rat skeletal muscle. Overall, the present study suggests that sortilin protein levels are reduced under hypoglycemic conditions by post-transcriptional control in skeletal muscles.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/agonists
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Fasting/metabolism
- Food Deprivation
- Glucose/metabolism
- Hindlimb
- Male
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
- Multiprotein Complexes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Muscle Cells/cytology
- Muscle Cells/drug effects
- Muscle Cells/metabolism
- Muscle Cells/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Sirolimus/pharmacology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Ariga
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mookerjee SA, Gerencser AA, Nicholls DG, Brand MD. Quantifying intracellular rates of glycolytic and oxidative ATP production and consumption using extracellular flux measurements. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7189-7207. [PMID: 28270511 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.774471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Partitioning of ATP generation between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation is central to cellular bioenergetics but cumbersome to measure. We describe here how rates of ATP generation by each pathway can be calculated from simultaneous measurements of extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption. We update theoretical maximum ATP yields by mitochondria and cells catabolizing different substrates. Mitochondrial P/O ratios (mol of ATP generated per mol of [O] consumed) are 2.73 for oxidation of pyruvate plus malate and 1.64 for oxidation of succinate. Complete oxidation of glucose by cells yields up to 33.45 ATP/glucose with a maximum P/O of 2.79. We introduce novel indices to quantify bioenergetic phenotypes. The glycolytic index reports the proportion of ATP production from glycolysis and identifies cells as primarily glycolytic (glycolytic index > 50%) or primarily oxidative. The Warburg effect is a chronic increase in glycolytic index, quantified by the Warburg index. Additional indices quantify the acute flexibility of ATP supply. The Crabtree index and Pasteur index quantify the responses of oxidative and glycolytic ATP production to alterations in glycolysis and oxidative reactions, respectively; the supply flexibility index quantifies overall flexibility of ATP supply; and the bioenergetic capacity quantifies the maximum rate of total ATP production. We illustrate the determination of these indices using C2C12 myoblasts. Measurement of ATP use revealed no significant preference for glycolytic or oxidative ATP by specific ATP consumers. Overall, we demonstrate how extracellular fluxes quantitatively reflect intracellular ATP turnover and cellular bioenergetics. We provide a simple spreadsheet to calculate glycolytic and oxidative ATP production rates from raw extracellular acidification and respiration data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shona A Mookerjee
- From Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, California 94592 and .,the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945
| | - Akos A Gerencser
- the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945
| | - David G Nicholls
- the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945
| | - Martin D Brand
- From Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, California 94592 and.,the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li H, Ou L, Fan J, Xiao M, Kuang C, Liu X, Sun Y, Xu Y. Rab8A regulates insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in C2C12 myoblasts. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:491-499. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Liting Ou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Jiannan Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Mei Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Cuifang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation; Department of Optical Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation; Department of Optical Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Yonghong Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Yingke Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim JD, Jung YJ, Woo CH, Choi YC, Choi JS, Cho YW. Thermo-responsive human α-elastin self-assembled nanoparticles for protein delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 149:122-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
25
|
Yuan H, Wang T, Niu Y, Liu X, Fu L. AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated expression of heat shock protein beta 1 enhanced insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle. FEBS Lett 2016; 591:97-108. [PMID: 27928820 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been viewed as an important target for the treatment of insulin resistance. Here, by proteomic analysis, we found that expression of heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) was induced by the AMP analog 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant cells. Overexpression of AMPKα2, or activation of AMPKα via acute/chronic exercise training, increased HSPB1 expression in the skeletal muscle. In AMPKα2-/- mice, HSPB1 expression was downregulated in the quadriceps muscles. Exercise did not increase HSPB1 expression in AMPKα2-/- mice. Moreover, overexpression of HSPB1 enhanced insulin sensitivity in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant cells and restored metabolic phenotypes associated with defective AMPK. Finally, HSPB1 was required for AMPK-mediated activation of the class IIa histone deacetylases and glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle. Our results demonstrate that AMPK-mediated HSPB1 expression enhanced insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A bioluminescent assay for measuring glucose uptake. Anal Biochem 2016; 505:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
27
|
Kuo YH, Lin CH, Shih CC. Dehydroeburicoic Acid from Antrodia camphorata Prevents the Diabetic and Dyslipidemic State via Modulation of Glucose Transporter 4, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Expression and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation in High-Fat-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E872. [PMID: 27271603 PMCID: PMC4926406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential effects of dehydroeburicoic acid (TT), a triterpenoid compound from Antrodia camphorata, in vitro and examined the effects and mechanisms of TT on glucose and lipid homeostasis in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. The in vitro study examined the effects of a MeOH crude extract (CruE) of A. camphorata and Antcin K (AnK; the main constituent of fruiting body of this mushroom) on membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phospho-Akt in C2C12 myoblasts cells. The in vitro study demonstrated that treatment with CruE, AnK and TT increased the membrane levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phospho-Akt at different concentrations. The animal experiments were performed for 12 weeks. Diabetic mice were randomly divided into six groups after 8 weeks of HFD-induction and treated with daily oral gavage doses of TT (at three dose levels), fenofibrate (Feno) (at 0.25 g/kg body weight), metformin (Metf) (at 0.3 g/kg body weight) or vehicle for another 4 weeks while on an HFD diet. HFD-fed mice exhibited increased blood glucose levels. TT treatment dramatically lowered blood glucose levels by 34.2%~43.4%, which was comparable to the antidiabetic agent-Metf (36.5%). TT-treated mice reduced the HFD-induced hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Membrane levels of GLUT4 were significantly higher in CruE-treated groups in vitro. Skeletal muscle membrane levels of GLUT4 were significantly higher in TT-treated mice. These groups of mice also displayed lower mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase), an inhibitor of hepatic glucose production. The combination of these agents produced a net hypoglycemic effect in TT-treated mice. TT treatment enhanced the expressions of hepatic and skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in mice. TT-treated mice exhibited enhanced expression of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and increased mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase Ia (CPT-1a). These mice also exhibited decreased expression levels of lipogenic fatty acid synthase (FAS) in liver and adipose tissue and reduced mRNA levels of hepatic adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 2 (aP2) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT). These alterations resulted in a reduction in fat stores within the liver and lower triglyceride levels in blood. Our results demonstrate that TT is an excellent therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fengyuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Fengyuan District, Taichung City 42055, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Ching Shih
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Health Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666 Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung City 40601, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Antcin K, a Triterpenoid Compound from Antrodia camphorata, Displays Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects via Glucose Transporter 4 and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation in Muscles. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4867092. [PMID: 27242912 PMCID: PMC4875994 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4867092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to screen firstly the potential effects of antcin K (AnK), the main constituent of the fruiting body of Antrodia camphorata, in vitro and further evaluate the activities and mechanisms in high-fat-diet- (HFD-) induced mice. Following 8-week HFD-induction, mice were treated with AnK, fenofibrate (Feno), metformin (Metf), or vehicle for 4 weeks afterward. In C2C12 myotube cells, the membrane GLUT4 and phospho-Akt expressions were higher in insulin and AnK-treated groups than in the control group. It was observed that AnK-treated mice significantly lowered blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and leptin levels in AnK-treated groups. Of interest, AnK at 40 mg/kg/day dosage displayed both antihyperglycemic effect comparable to Metf (300 mg/kg/day) and antihypertriglyceridemic effect comparable to Feno (250 mg/kg/day). The combination of significantly increased skeletal muscular membrane expression levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) but decreased hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase) mRNA levels by AnK thus contributed to a decrease in blood glucose levels. Furthermore, AnK enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (phospho-AMPK) expressions in the muscle and liver. Moreover, AnK treatment exhibited inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) but enhancement of fatty acid oxidation peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) expression coincident with reduced sterol response element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA levels in the liver may contribute to decreased plasma triglycerides, hepatic steatosis, and total cholesterol levels. The present findings indicate that AnK displays an advantageous therapeutic potential for the management of type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
|
29
|
Celli GB, Kalt W, Brooks MSL. Gastroretentive systems - a proposed strategy to modulate anthocyanin release and absorption for the management of diabetes. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:1892-901. [PMID: 26873039 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2016.1143058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have indicated a positive correlation between the consumption of anthocyanins (ACN) and biomarkers relating to the improvement of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the results from in vitro studies often do not translate into clinical evidence. Potential causes of these discrepancies are experimental conditions that lack physiological relevancy; extensive degradation of these compounds in vivo due to changes in pH and metabolism; and a short residence time in the absorption window in relation to the absorption rate. Here, gastroretentive systems (GRS) are proposed as a strategy to overcome the limitations in ACN delivery and to reduce the existing bench-to-subject gap. This review summarizes recent literature on the use of ACN for the management and control of T2D, followed by GRS platforms to promote a sustained release of ACN for increased health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Bonat Celli
- a Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science , Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada and
| | - Wilhelmina Kalt
- b Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Kentville , NS , Canada
| | - Marianne Su-Ling Brooks
- a Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science , Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada and
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yamamoto N, Ueda-Wakagi M, Sato T, Kawasaki K, Sawada K, Kawabata K, Akagawa M, Ashida H. Measurement of Glucose Uptake in Cultured Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:12.14.1-12.14.26. [PMID: 26646194 DOI: 10.1002/0471141755.ph1214s71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Facilitative glucose uptake transport systems are ubiquitous in animal cells and are responsible for transporting glucose across cell surface membranes. Evaluation of glucose uptake is crucial in the study of numerous diseases and metabolic disorders such as myocardial ischemia, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Detailed in this unit are laboratory methods for assessing glucose uptake into mammalian cells. The unit is divided into five sections: (1) a brief overview of glucose uptake assays in cultured cells; (2) a method for measuring glucose uptake using radiolabeled 3-O-methylglucose; (3) a method for measuring glucose uptake using radiolabeled 2-deoxyglucose (2DG); (4) a microplate method for measuring 2DG-uptake using an enzymatic, fluorometric assay; and (5) a microplate-based method using a fluorescent analog of 2DG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Yamamoto
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ueda-Wakagi
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takuya Sato
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kengo Kawasaki
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sawada
- Department of Agrobiosciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kyuichi Kawabata
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Akagawa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobiosciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kuo YH, Lin CH, Shih CC. Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Properties of a Triterpenoid Compound, Dehydroeburicoic Acid, from Antrodia camphorata in Vitro and in Streptozotocin-Induced Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10140-10151. [PMID: 26503742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dehydroeburicoic acid (TT) on type 1 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. STZ-induced diabetic mice were randomly divided into six groups and given orally by gavage TT (at three dosages), metformin (Metf), fenfibrate (Feno), or vehicle for 4 weeks. STZ-induced diabetic mice showed elevations in blood glucose levels (P < 0.001). TT treatment markedly decreased blood glucose levels by 42.6-46.5%. Moreover, STZ-induced diabetic mice displayed an increase in circulating triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) but a decrease in blood insulin and adiponectin levels (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). These substances are also reversed by TT treatment, indicating TT ameliorated diabetes and dyslipidemia. Membrane skeletal muscular expression levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and expression levels of AMPK phosphorylation (phospho-AMPK) in both liver and skeletal muscle were reduced in STZ-induced diabetic mice, which normalized upon TT treatment and correction of hyperglycemia accompanied with a decrease in mRNA levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase), which was related to the inhibition of hepatic glucose production and attenuating diabetic state. In addition, TT also showed hypolipidemic effect by increasing hepatic expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase Ia (CPT-1a) but decreasing expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), which further contributed to a decrease in circulating TG levels. TT-treated mice displayed decreased SREBP2 mRNA levels and reduced blood TC levels. These findings strongly support that TT prevents diabetic and dyslipidemic states in STZ-induced diabetic mice evidenced by regulation of GLUT4, PPARα, FAS, and phosphorylation of AMPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University , Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fengyuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare , Fengyuan District, Taichung City 42055, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Shih
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Health Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology , 666 Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung City 40601, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Petrov PD, Ribot J, López-Mejía IC, Fajas L, Palou A, Bonet ML. Retinoblastoma Protein Knockdown Favors Oxidative Metabolism and Glucose and Fatty Acid Disposal in Muscle Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:708-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petar D. Petrov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Spain
| | | | - Lluís Fajas
- Department of Physiology; Université de Lausanne; Switzerland
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Spain
| | - M. Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Souto Padron de Figueiredo A, Salmon AB, Bruno F, Jimenez F, Martinez HG, Halade GV, Ahuja SS, Clark RA, DeFronzo RA, Abboud HE, El Jamali A. Nox2 mediates skeletal muscle insulin resistance induced by a high fat diet. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13427-39. [PMID: 25825489 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.626077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are consistently associated with metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes. Although the role of Nox2, a major ROS-generating enzyme, is well described in host defense and inflammation, little is known about its potential role in insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Insulin resistance induced by a high fat diet was mitigated in Nox2-null mice compared with wild-type mice after 3 or 9 months on the diet. High fat feeding increased Nox2 expression, superoxide production, and impaired insulin signaling in skeletal muscle tissue of wild-type mice but not in Nox2-null mice. Exposure of C2C12 cultured myotubes to either high glucose concentration, palmitate, or H2O2 decreases insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake. Pretreatment with catalase abrogated these effects, indicating a key role for H2O2 in mediating insulin resistance. Down-regulation of Nox2 in C2C12 cells by shRNA prevented insulin resistance induced by high glucose or palmitate but not H2O2. These data indicate that increased production of ROS in insulin resistance induced by high glucose in skeletal muscle cells is a consequence of Nox2 activation. This is the first report to show that Nox2 is a key mediator of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78245, and Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Francesca Bruno
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Fabio Jimenez
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Herman G Martinez
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Seema S Ahuja
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Robert A Clark
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Hanna E Abboud
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Amina El Jamali
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wright CR, Brown EL, Ward AC, Russell AP. G-CSF treatment can attenuate dexamethasone-induced reduction in C2C12 myotube protein synthesis. Cytokine 2015; 73:1-7. [PMID: 25689616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been demonstrated to enhance skeletal muscle recovery following injury and increases muscle function in the context of neuromuscular disease in rodent models. However, understanding of the underlying mechanisms used by G-CSF to mediate these functions remains poor. G-CSF acts on responsive cells through binding to a specific membrane spanning receptor, G-CSFR. Recently identified, the G-CSFR is expressed in myoblasts, myotubes and mature skeletal muscle tissue. Therefore, elucidating the actions of G-CSF in skeletal muscle represents an important prerequisite to consider G-CSF as a therapeutic agent to treat skeletal muscle. Here we show for the first time that treatment with moderate doses (4 and 40ng/ml) of G-CSF attenuates the effects of dexamethasone in reducing protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes. However, a higher dose (100ng/ml) of G-CSF exacerbates the dexamethasone-induced reduction in protein synthesis. In contrast, G-CSF had no effect on basal or dexamethasone-induced protein degradation, nor did G-CSF influence the phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3, Erk1/2, Src, Lyn and Erk5 in C2C12 myotubes. In conclusion, physiologically relevant doses of G-CSF may attenuate reduced skeletal muscle protein synthesis during catabolic conditions, thereby improving recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Wright
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erin L Brown
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- Molecular and Medical Research SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 3216 Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ostrovidov S, Hosseini V, Ahadian S, Fujie T, Parthiban SP, Ramalingam M, Bae H, Kaji H, Khademhosseini A. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering: methods to form skeletal myotubes and their applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2014; 20:403-36. [PMID: 24320971 PMCID: PMC4193686 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) aims to repair or regenerate defective skeletal muscle tissue lost by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, or muscular disease. However, two decades after the introduction of SMTE, the engineering of functional skeletal muscle in the laboratory still remains a great challenge, and numerous techniques for growing functional muscle tissues are constantly being developed. This article reviews the recent findings regarding the methodology and various technical aspects of SMTE, including cell alignment and differentiation. We describe the structure and organization of muscle and discuss the methods for myoblast alignment cultured in vitro. To better understand muscle formation and to enhance the engineering of skeletal muscle, we also address the molecular basics of myogenesis and discuss different methods to induce myoblast differentiation into myotubes. We then provide an overview of different coculture systems involving skeletal muscle cells, and highlight major applications of engineered skeletal muscle tissues. Finally, potential challenges and future research directions for SMTE are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ostrovidov
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samad Ahadian
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Murugan Ramalingam
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Hojae Bae
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hirokazu Kaji
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shaheen F, Grammatopoulos DK, Müller J, Zammit VA, Lehnert H. Extra-nuclear telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) regulates glucose transport in skeletal muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1762-9. [PMID: 24970747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is a key component of the telomerase complex. By lengthening telomeres in DNA strands, TERT increases senescent cell lifespan. Mice that lack TERT age much faster and exhibit age-related conditions such as osteoporosis, diabetes and neurodegeneration. Accelerated telomere shortening in both human and animal models has been documented in conditions associated with insulin resistance, including T2DM. We investigated the role of TERT, in regulating cellular glucose utilisation by using the myoblastoma cell line C2C12, as well as primary mouse and human skeletal muscle cells. Inhibition of TERT expression or activity by using siRNA (100nM) or specific inhibitors (100nM) reduced basal 2-deoxyglucose uptake by ~50%, in all cell types, without altering insulin responsiveness. In contrast, TERT over-expression increased glucose uptake by 3.25-fold. In C2C12 cells TERT protein was mostly localised intracellularly and stimulation of cells with insulin induced translocation to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation experiments in C2C12 cells showed that TERT was constitutively associated with glucose transporters (GLUTs) 1, 4 and 12 via an insulin insensitive interaction that also did not require intact PI3-K and mTOR pathways. Collectively, these findings identified a novel extra-nuclear function of TERT that regulates an insulin-insensitive pathway involved in glucose uptake in human and mouse skeletal muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Shaheen
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, CV2 2DX, UK.
| | - Dimitris K Grammatopoulos
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, CV2 2DX, UK.
| | - Jürgen Müller
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, CV2 2DX, UK.
| | - Victor A Zammit
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, CV2 2DX, UK.
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, CV2 2DX, UK; First Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yeh YC, Kim ST, Tang R, Yan B, Rotello VM. Insulin-Based Regulation of Glucose-functionalized Nanoparticle Uptake in Muscle Cells. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:10.1039/C4TB00608A. [PMID: 25089564 PMCID: PMC4116632 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Effective regulation of nanoparticle (NP) uptake facilitates the NP-based therapeutics and diagnostics. Here, we report the use of insulin and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) to modulate the cellular uptake of glucose-functionalized quantum dots (Glc-QDs) in C2C12 muscle cells. The cellular uptake of Glc-QDs can be modulated up to almost two-fold under insulin stimulation while be down-regulated in the presence of 2-DG. These results demonstrate the use of secondary regulators to control the cellular uptake of NPs through membrane protein recognition in a specific and fine-tunable fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rui Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, Tel.: (+1) 413-545-2058; Fax: (+1) 413-545-4490
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, Tel.: (+1) 413-545-2058; Fax: (+1) 413-545-4490
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, Tel.: (+1) 413-545-2058; Fax: (+1) 413-545-4490
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bolado-Carrancio A, Riancho JA, Sainz J, Rodríguez-Rey JC. Activation of nuclear receptor NR5A2 increases Glut4 expression and glucose metabolism in muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:614-9. [PMID: 24632207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NR5A2 is a nuclear receptor which regulates the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism, pluripotency maintenance and cell differentiation. It has been recently shown that DLPC, a NR5A2 ligand, prevents liver steatosis and improves insulin sensitivity in mouse models of insulin resistance, an effect that has been associated with changes in glucose and fatty acids metabolism in liver. Because skeletal muscle is a major tissue in clearing glucose from blood, we studied the effect of the activation of NR5A2 on muscle metabolism by using cultures of C2C12, a mouse-derived cell line widely used as a model of skeletal muscle. Treatment of C2C12 with DLPC resulted in increased levels of expression of GLUT4 and also of several genes related to glycolysis and glycogen metabolism. These changes were accompanied by an increased glucose uptake. In addition, the activation of NR5A2 produced a reduction in the oxidation of fatty acids, an effect which disappeared in low-glucose conditions. Our results suggest that NR5A2, mostly by enhancing glucose uptake, switches muscle cells into a state of glucose preference. The increased use of glucose by muscle might constitute another mechanism by which NR5A2 improves blood glucose levels and restores insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bolado-Carrancio
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - J A Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla-IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, Santander, Spain
| | - J Sainz
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - J C Rodríguez-Rey
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Panzhinskiy E, Hua Y, Lapchak PA, Topchiy E, Lehmann TE, Ren J, Nair S. Novel curcumin derivative CNB-001 mitigates obesity-associated insulin resistance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 349:248-57. [PMID: 24549372 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.208728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is growing at epidemic proportions, and pharmacological interventions are being actively sought. This study examined the effect of a novel neuroprotective curcuminoid, CNB-001 [4-((1E)-2-(5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl-)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazoyl-3-yl)vinyl)-2-methoxy-phenol], on glucose intolerance and insulin signaling in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. C57BL6 mice (5-6 weeks old) were randomly assigned to receive either a HFD (45% fat) or a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% fat) for 24 weeks, together with CNB-001 (40 mg/kg i.p. per day). Glucose tolerance test revealed that the area under the curve of postchallenge glucose concentration was elevated on HF-feeding, which was attenuated by CNB-001. CNB-001 attenuated body weight gain, serum triglycerides, and IL-6, and augmented insulin signaling [elevated phosphoprotein kinase B (p-Akt), and phosphoinsulin receptor (p-IR)β, lowered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)] and glucose uptake in gastrocnemius muscle of HFD-fed mice. Respiratory quotient, measured using a metabolic chamber, was elevated in HFD-fed mice, which was unaltered by CNB-001, although CNB-001 treatment resulted in higher energy expenditure. In cultured myotubes, CNB-001 reversed palmitate-induced impairment of insulin signaling and glucose uptake. Docking studies suggest a potential interaction between CNB-001 and PTP1B. Taken together, CNB-001 alleviates obesity-induced glucose intolerance and represents a potential candidate for further development as an antidiabetic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Panzhinskiy
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming (E.P., Y.H., J.R., S.N.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, California (P.A.L.); and Chemistry Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming (E.T., T.E.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Koh HJ, Toyoda T, Didesch MM, Lee MY, Sleeman MW, Kulkarni RN, Musi N, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ. Tribbles 3 mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1871. [PMID: 23695665 PMCID: PMC3707125 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress has been linked to insulin resistance in multiple tissues but the role of ER stress in skeletal muscle has not been explored. ER stress has also been reported to increase tribbles 3 (TRB3) expression in multiple cell lines. Here, we report that high fat feeding in mice, and obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans significantly increases TRB3 and ER stress markers in skeletal muscle. Overexpression of TRB3 in C2C12 myotubes and mouse tibialis anterior muscles significantly impairs insulin signaling. Incubation of C2C12 cells and mouse skeletal muscle with ER stressors thapsigargin and tunicamycin increases TRB3 and impairs insulin signaling and glucose uptake, effects reversed in cells overexpressing RNAi for TRB3 and in muscles from TRB3 knockout mice. Furthermore, TRB3 knockout mice are protected from high fat diet-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. These data demonstrate that TRB3 mediates ER stress-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jin Koh
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Panzhinskiy E, Ren J, Nair S. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and insulin resistance: role of endoplasmic reticulum stress/reactive oxygen species/nuclear factor kappa B axis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77228. [PMID: 24204775 PMCID: PMC3799617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been proposed as an important pathway in the development of insulin resistance. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of insulin signaling and is tethered to the ER-membrane. The aim of the study was to determine the mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between ER-stress and PTP1B. PTP1B whole body knockout and C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a high-fat or normal chow-diet for 20 weeks. High-fat diet feeding induced body weight gain, increased adiposity, systemic glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis were attenuated by PTP1B deletion. High-fat diet- fed PTP1B knockout mice also exhibited improved glucose uptake measured using [(3)H]-2-deoxy-glucose incorporation assay and Akt phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle tissue, compared to their wild-type control mice which received similar diet. High-fat diet-induced upregulation of glucose-regulated protein-78, phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-2 were significantly attenuated in the PTP1B knockout mice. Mice lacking PTP1B showed decreased expression of the autophagy related protein p62 and the unfolded protein response adaptor protein NCK1 (non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase). Treatment of C2C12 myotubes with the ER-stressor tunicamycin resulted in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the activation of protein expression of PTP1B. Furthermore, tunicamycin-induced ROS production activated nuclear translocation of NFκB p65 and was required for ER stress-mediated expression of PTP1B. Our data suggest that PTP1B is induced by ER stress via the activation of the ROS-NFκB axis which is causes unfolded protein response and mediates insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle under obese condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Panzhinskiy
- School of Pharmacy & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Sreejayan Nair
- School of Pharmacy & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Park SY, Bae JH, Cho YS. Cortisone induces insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes through activation of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 and autocrinal regulation. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:249-57. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Hyun Bae
- College of Pharmacy; Keimyung University; Daegu South Korea
| | - Young Sik Cho
- College of Pharmacy; Keimyung University; Daegu South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Senthivinayagam S, McIntosh AL, Moon KC, Atshaves BP. Plin2 inhibits cellular glucose uptake through interactions with SNAP23, a SNARE complex protein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73696. [PMID: 24040030 PMCID: PMC3765312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a link between excess lipid storage and aberrant glucose metabolism has been recognized for many years, little is known what role lipid storage droplets and associated proteins such as Plin2 play in managing cellular glucose levels. To address this issue, the influence of Plin2 on glucose uptake was examined using 2-NBD-Glucose and [(3)H]-2-deoxyglucose to show that insulin-mediated glucose uptake was decreased 1.7- and 1.8-fold, respectively in L cell fibroblasts overexpressing Plin2. Conversely, suppression of Plin2 levels by RNAi-mediated knockdown increased 2-NBD-Glucose uptake several fold in transfected L cells and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The effect of Plin2 expression on proteins involved in glucose uptake and transport was also examined. Expression of the SNARE protein SNAP23 was increased 1.6-fold while levels of syntaxin-5 were decreased 1.7-fold in Plin2 overexpression cells with no significant changes observed in lipid droplet associated proteins Plin1 or FSP27 or with the insulin receptor, GLUT1, or VAMP4. FRET experiments revealed a close proximity of Plin2 to SNAP23 on lipid droplets to within an intramolecular distance of 51 Å. The extent of targeting of SNAP23 to lipid droplets was determined by co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation experiments to show increased partitioning of SNAP23 to lipid droplets when Plin2 was overexpressed. Taken together, these results suggest that Plin2 inhibits glucose uptake by interacting with, and regulating cellular targeting of SNAP23 to lipid droplets. In summary, the current study for the first time provides direct evidence for the role of Plin2 in mediating cellular glucose uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Senthivinayagam
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Avery L. McIntosh
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kenneth C. Moon
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Barbara P. Atshaves
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis The actions of peripherally administered nesfatin-1 on glucose homeostasis remain controversial. The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanisms by which peripheral nesfatin-1 regulates glucose metabolism. Methods The effects of nesfatin-1 on glucose metabolism were examined in mice by continuous infusion of the peptide via osmotic pumps. Changes in AKT phosphorylation and Glut4 were investigated by Western blotting and immnuofluorescent staining. Primary myocytes, adipocytes and hepatocytes were isolated from male mice. Results Continuous peripheral infusion of nesfatin-1 altered glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice fed either normal or high fat diet, while central administration of nesfatin-1 demonstrated no effect. Nesfatin-1 increases insulin secretion in vivo, and in vitro in cultured min6 cells. In addition, nesfatin-1 up-regulates the phosphorylation of AKT in pancreas and min6 islet cells. In mice fed normal diet, peripheral nesfatin-1 significantly increased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver; similar effects were observed in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in mice fed high fat diet. At basal conditions and after insulin stimulation, peripheral nesfatin-1 markedly increased GLUT4 membrane translocation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in mice fed either diet. In vitro studies showed that nesfatin-1 increased both basal and insulin-stimulated levels of AKT phosphorylation in cells derived from skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate that nesfatin-1 alters glucose metabolism by mechanisms which increase insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity via altering AKT phosphorylation and GLUT 4 membrane translocation in the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver.
Collapse
|
45
|
Obregón R, Ahadian S, Ramón-Azcón J, Chen L, Fujita T, Shiku H, Chen M, Matsue T. Non-invasive measurement of glucose uptake of skeletal muscle tissue models using a glucose nanobiosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:194-201. [PMID: 23856563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissues play a significant role to maintain the glucose level of whole body and any dysfunction of this tissue leads to the diabetes disease. A culture medium was created in which the muscle cells could survive for a long time and meanwhile it did not interfere with the glucose sensing. We fabricated a model of skeletal muscle tissues in vitro to monitor its glucose uptake. A nanoporous gold as a high sensitive nanobiosensor was then successfully developed and employed to detect the glucose uptake of the tissue models in this medium upon applying the electrical stimulation in a rapid, and non-invasive approach. The response of the glucose sensor was linear in a wide concentration range of 1-50 mM, with a detection limit of 3 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.0. The skeletal muscle tissue was electrically stimulated during 24 h and glucose uptake was monitored during this period. During the first 3 h of stimulation, electrically stimulated muscle tissue consumed almost twice the amount of glucose than counterpart non-stimulated sample. In total, the glucose consumption of muscle tissues was higher for the electrically stimulated tissues compared to those without applying the electrical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Obregón
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhu X, Walton RG, Tian L, Luo N, Ho SR, Fu Y, Garvey WT. Prostaglandin A2 enhances cellular insulin sensitivity via a mechanism that involves the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A3. Horm Metab Res 2013; 45:213-20. [PMID: 23104421 PMCID: PMC4116744 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1327619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that members of the NR4A family of orphan nuclear receptors can augment insulin's ability to stimulate glucose transport in adipocytes. In the current study, we endeavored to test for an insulin-sensitizing effect in muscle cells and to identify a potential transactivator. Lentiviral constructs were used to engineer both hyperexpression and shRNA silencing of NR4A3 in C2C12 myocytes. The NR4A3 hyper-expression construct led to a significant increase in glucose transport rates in the presence of maximal insulin while the NR4A3 knock-down exhibited a significant reduction in insulin-stimulated glucose transport rates. Consistently, insulin-mediated AKT phosphorylation was increased by NR4A3 hyperexpression and decreased following shRNA NR4A3 suppression. Then, we examined effects of prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) on insulin action and NR4A3 transactivation. PGA2 augmented insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myocytes and AKT phosphorylation after 12-h treatment, without significant effects on basal transport or basal AKT phosphorylation. More importantly, we demonstrated that PGA2 led to a greater improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose rates in NR4A3 overexpressing C2C12 myocytes, when compared with Lac-Z controls stimulated with insulin and PGA2. Moreover, the sensitizing effect of PGA2 was significantly diminished in NR4A3 knockdown myocytes compared to scramble controls. These results show for the first time that: (i) PGA2 augments insulin action in myocytes as manifested by enhanced stimulation of glucose transport and AKT phosphorylation; and (ii) the insulin sensitizing effect is dependent upon the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Panzhinskiy E, Hua Y, Culver B, Ren J, Nair S. Endoplasmic reticulum stress upregulates protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and impairs glucose uptake in cultured myotubes. Diabetologia 2013; 56. [PMID: 23178931 PMCID: PMC3568946 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been recognised as a common pathway in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of insulin signalling and is localised on the ER membrane. The aim of the study was to investigate the cross-talk between ER stress and PTP1B. METHODS Leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob), Ptp1b (also known as Ptpn1) knockout and C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a high-fat or normal-chow diet for 20 weeks. ER stress was induced in cultured myotubes by treatment with tunicamycin. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to assess proteins involved in the ER stress response. Myotube glucose uptake was determined by measuring 2-deoxy[(3)H]glucose incorporation. RESULTS A high-fat diet induced ER stress and PTP1B expression in the muscle tissue of mice and these responses were attenuated by treatment with the ER chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). Cultured myotubes exhibited increased levels of PTP1B in response to tunicamycin treatment. Silencing of Ptp1b with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or overexpression of Ptp1b with adenovirus construct failed to alter the levels of ER stress. Ptp1b knockout mice did not differ from the wild-type mice in the extent of tunicamycin-induced upregulation of glucose-regulated protein-78. However, tunicamycin-induced phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase-2 were significantly attenuated in the Ptp1b knockout mice. Treatment with TUDCA or silencing of PTP1B reversed tunicamycin-induced blunted myotube glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that PTP1B is activated by ER stress and is required for full-range activation of ER stress pathways in mediating insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Panzhinskiy
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Y. Hua
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - B. Culver
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - J. Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - S. Nair
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Che BN, Oksbjerg N, Hellgren LI, Nielsen JH, Young JF. Phytanic acid stimulates glucose uptake in a model of skeletal muscles, the primary porcine myotubes. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:14. [PMID: 23398851 PMCID: PMC3606424 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytanic acid (PA) is a chlorophyll metabolite with potentials in regulating glucose metabolism, as it is a natural ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) that is known to regulate hepatic glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to establish primary porcine myotubes as a model for measuring glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, and to examine the impact of physiological amounts of PA on glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis either alone or in combination with insulin. METHODS Porcine satellite cells were cultured into differentiated myotubes and tritiated 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) was used to measure glucose uptake, in relation to PA and 2-DOG exposure times and also in relation to PA and insulin concentrations. The MIXED procedure model of SAS was used for statistical analysis of data. RESULTS PA increased glucose uptake by approximately 35%, and the presence of insulin further increased the uptake, but this further increase in uptake was non- additive and less pronounced at high insulin concentrations. There was no effect of PA alone on glycogen synthesis, while the insulin stimulation of glycogen was increased by 20% in the presence of PA. PA neither stimulated glucose uptake nor glycogen synthesis in insulin-resistant myotubes generated by excess glucose exposure. CONCLUSIONS Primary porcine myotubes were established as a model of skeletal muscles for measuring glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, and we showed that PA can play a role in stimulating glucose uptake at no or inadequate insulin concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brita N Che
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele, 8830, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ouro A, Arana L, Gangoiti P, Rivera IG, Ordoñez M, Trueba M, Lankalapalli RS, Bittman R, Gomez-Muñoz A. Ceramide 1-phosphate stimulates glucose uptake in macrophages. Cell Signal 2013; 25:786-95. [PMID: 23333242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) is mitogenic and antiapoptotic, and that it is implicated in the regulation of macrophage migration. These activities require high energy levels to be available in cells. Macrophages obtain most of their energy from glucose. In this work, we demonstrate that C1P enhances glucose uptake in RAW264.7 macrophages. The major glucose transporter involved in this action was found to be GLUT 3, as determined by measuring its translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. C1P-stimulated glucose uptake was blocked by selective inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or Akt, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), and by specific siRNAs to silence the genes encoding for these kinases. C1P-stimulated glucose uptake was also inhibited by pertussis toxin (PTX) and by the siRNA that inhibited GLUT 3 expression. C1P increased the affinity of the glucose transporter for its substrate, and enhanced glucose metabolism to produce ATP. The latter action was also inhibited by PI3K- and Akt-selective inhibitors, PTX, or by specific siRNAs to inhibit GLUT 3 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ouro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Farmawati A, Kitajima Y, Nedachi T, Sato M, Kanzaki M, Nagatomi R. Characterization of contraction-induced IL-6 up-regulation using contractile C2C12 myotubes. Endocr J 2013; 60:137-47. [PMID: 23037942 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle contractile activity functions as a potent stimulus for acute interleukin (IL)-6 expression in working skeletal muscles. Recently, we established an "in vitro contraction model" using highly-developed contractile C2C12 myotubes by applying electric pulse stimulation (EPS). Herein, we characterize the effects of EPS-evoked contraction on IL-6 expression in contractile C2C12 myotubes. Both secretion and mRNA expression of IL-6 were significantly up-regulated by EPS in a frequency-dependent manner in contracting myotubes during a 24-h period, and the response was blunted by cyclosporine A, a calcineurin inhibitor. Longer time (~12h) was required for the induction of IL-6 after the initiation of EPS as compared to that of other contraction-inducible CXC chemokines such as CXCL1/KC, which were induced in less than 3 hours. Furthermore, these acute inducible CXC chemokines exhibited no autocrine effect on IL-6 expression. Importantly, contraction-dependent IL-6 up-regulation was markedly suppressed in the presence of high levels of glucose along with increased glycogen accumulations. Experimental manipulation of intracellular glycogen contents by modulating available glucose or pyruvate during a certain EPS period further established the suppressive effect of glycogen accumulations on contraction-induced IL-6 up-regulation, which appeared to be independent of calcineurin activity. We also document that EPS-evoked contractile activity improved insulin-responsiveness in terms of intracellular glycogen accumulations. Taken together, these data provide important insights into the regulation of IL-6 expression in response to contractile activity of muscle cells, which is difficult to examine using in vivo experimental techniques. Our present results thus expand the usefulness of our "in vitro contraction model".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arta Farmawati
- Department of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|