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Karnik R, Vohra A, Khatri M, Dalvi N, Vyas HS, Shah H, Gohil S, Kanojiya S, Devkar R. Diet/photoperiod mediated changes in cerebellar clock genes causes locomotor shifts and imperative changes in BDNF-TrkB pathway. Neurosci Lett 2024; 835:137843. [PMID: 38821201 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychological studies report anxiety and depression like symptoms in patients suffering from lifestyle disorder but its impact on locomotor function lacks clarity. Our study investigates locomotor deficits resulting due to perturbations in cerebellum of high fat diet (HFD), chronodisruption (CD) or a combination (HCD) model of lifestyle disorder. Significant downregulation in levels of cerebellar clock genes (Bmal-1, Clock, Per 1 and Per 2) and Bdnf-Trkb pathway genes (Bdnf, TrkB and Syn1 levels) were recorded. Further, locomotor deficits were observed in all the three experimental groups as evidenced by actimeter test, pole test and wire hanging test. Nuclear pyknosis of Purkinje cells, their derangement and inflammation were the hallmark of cerebellar tissue of all the three experimental groups. Taken together, this study generates important links between cerebellar clock oscillations, locomotor function and Bdnf-TrkB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhydham Karnik
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Aliasgar Vohra
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mahamadtezib Khatri
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Nilay Dalvi
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Hitarthi S Vyas
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Helly Shah
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Sujitsinh Gohil
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Smit Kanojiya
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Ranjitsinh Devkar
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India.
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Kressler J, Mendez A, Betancourt L, Nash M. Salsalate Improves Postprandial Glycemic and Some Lipid Responses in Persons With Tetraplegia: A Randomized Clinical Pilot Trial With Crossover Design. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2023; 29:1-13. [PMID: 38076289 PMCID: PMC10644859 DOI: 10.46292/sci22-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effects of salsalate on fasting and postprandial (PP) glycemic, lipidemic, and inflammatory responses in persons with tetraplegia. Methods This study was a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design. It was conducted at a university laboratory. Ten males aged 25 to 50 years with SCI at C5-8 levels for ≥1 year underwent 1 month of placebo and salsalate (4 g/day) treatment. Blood samples were drawn before and 4 hours after breakfast and lunch fast-food meal consumption. Results Descriptive statistics indicate that fasting and PP glucose values were reduced with salsalate (pre-post mean difference, 4 ± 5 mg/dL and 8 ± 8 mg/dL, respectively) but largely unchanged with placebo (0 ± 6 mg/dL and -0 ± 7 mg/dL, respectively). Insulin responses were generally reciprocal to glucose, however less pronounced. Fasting free fatty acids were significantly reduced with salsalate (191 ± 216 mg/dL, p = .021) but not placebo (-46 ± 116 mg/dL, p = .878). Results for triglycerides were similar (25 ± 34 mg/dL, p =.045, and 7 ± 29 mg/dL, p = .464). Fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were higher after salsalate (-10 ± 12 mg/dL, p = .025) but not placebo (2 ± 9 mg/dL, p = .403) treatment. Inflammatory markers were largely unchanged. Conclusion In this pilot trial, descriptive values indicate that salsalate decreased fasting and PP glucose response to fast-food meal challenge at regular intervals in persons with tetraplegia. Positive effects were also seen for some lipid but not for inflammatory response markers. Given the relatively "healthy" metabolic profiles of the participants, it is possible that salsalate's effects may be greater and more consistent in people with less favorable metabolic milieus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Kressler
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Armando Mendez
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Luisa Betancourt
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Mark Nash
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Jialal I, Adams-Huet B, Devaraj S. Increased Adipocyte Hypertrophy in Patients with Nascent Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4247. [PMID: 37445281 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), a global problem, predisposes to an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and premature cardiovascular disease. While MetS is associated with central obesity, there is scanty data on adipocyte hypertrophy, increased fat cell size (FCS), in MetS. The aim of this study was to investigate FCS status in adipose tissue (AT) biopsy of patients with nascent MetS without the confounding of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, smoking, or lipid therapy. Methods and Results: Fasting blood and subcutaneous gluteal AT biopsies were obtained in MetS (n = 20) and controls (n = 19). Cardio-metabolic features, FFA levels, hsCRP, and HOMA-IR were significantly increased in patients with MetS. Waist-circumference (WC) adjusted-FCS was significantly increased in patients with MetS and increased with increasing severity of MetS. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between FCS with glucose, HDL-C, and the ratio of TG: HDL-C. There were significant correlations between FCS and FFA, as well as endotoxin and monocyte TLR4 abundance. Additionally, FCS correlated with readouts of NLRP3 Inflammasome activity. Most importantly, FCS correlated with markers of fibrosis and angiogenesis. Conclusions: In conclusion, in patients with nascent MetS, we demonstrate WC-adjusted increase in FCS from gluteal adipose tissue which correlated with cellular inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. While these preliminary observations were in gluteal fat, future studies are warranted to confirm these findings in visceral and other fat depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwarlal Jialal
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, CA 95655, USA
- UCDavis School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | | | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Vofo BN, Chowers I. Suppressing Inflammation for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Dazdotuftide as a Potential New Multitarget Therapeutic Candidate. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1562. [PMID: 37371657 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are major causes of blindness globally. The primary treatment option for DME and neovascular AMD (nAMD) is anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compounds, but this treatment modality often yields insufficient results, and monthly injections can place a burden on the health system and patients. Although various inflammatory pathways and mediators have been recognized as key players in the development of DR and AMD, there are limited treatment options targeting these pathways. Molecular pathways that are interlinked, or triggers of multiple inflammatory pathways, could be promising targets for drug development. This review focuses on the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of DME and AMD and presents current anti-inflammatory compounds, as well as a potential multitarget anti-inflammatory compound (dazdotuftide) that could be a candidate treatment option for the management of DME and AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Nguedia Vofo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Itay Chowers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Lazzara F, Longo AM, Giurdanella G, Lupo G, Platania CBM, Rossi S, Drago F, Anfuso CD, Bucolo C. Vitamin D3 preserves blood retinal barrier integrity in an in vitro model of diabetic retinopathy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:971164. [PMID: 36091806 PMCID: PMC9458952 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.971164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The impairment of the blood retinal barrier (BRB) represents one of the main features of diabetic retinopathy, a secondary microvascular complication of diabetes. Hyperglycemia is a triggering factor of vascular cells damage in diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of vitamin D3 on BRB protection, and to investigate its regulatory role on inflammatory pathways. We challenged human retinal endothelial cells with high glucose (HG) levels. We found that vitamin D3 attenuates cell damage elicited by HG, maintaining cell viability and reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and ICAM-1. Furthermore, we showed that vitamin D3 preserved the BRB integrity as demonstrated by trans-endothelial electrical resistance, permeability assay, and cell junction morphology and quantification (ZO-1 and VE-cadherin). In conclusion this in vitro study provided new insights on the retinal protective role of vitamin D3, particularly as regard as the early phase of diabetic retinopathy, characterized by BRB breakdown and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lazzara
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Longo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giurdanella
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Enna, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Bianca Maria Platania
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Settimio Rossi
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology–CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Claudio Bucolo,
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Anti-Inflammatory and Active Biological Properties of the Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds Luteolin and Luteolin 7-Glucoside. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061155. [PMID: 35334812 PMCID: PMC8949538 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are interesting molecules synthetized by plants. They can be found abundantly in seeds and fruits, determining the color, flavor, and other organoleptic characteristics, as well as contributing to important nutritional aspects. Beyond these characteristics, due to their biochemical properties and characteristics, they can be considered bioactive compounds. Several interesting studies have demonstrated their biological activity in different cellular and physiological processes in high-order organisms including humans. The flavonoid molecular structure confers the capability of reacting with and neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), behaving as scavengers in all processes generating this class of molecules, such as UV irradiation, a process widely present in plant physiology. Importantly, the recent scientific literature has demonstrated that flavonoids, in human physiology, are active compounds acting not only as scavengers but also with the important role of counteracting the inflammation process. Among the wide variety of flavonoid molecules, significant results have been shown by investigating the role of the flavones luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside (LUT-7G). For these compounds, experimental results demonstrated an interesting anti-inflammatory action, both in vitro and in vivo, in the interaction with JAK/STAT3, NF-κB, and other pathways described in this review. We also describe the effects in metabolic pathways connected with inflammation, such as cellular glycolysis, diabetes, lipid peroxidation, and effects in cancer cells. Moreover, the inhibition of inflammatory pathway in endothelial tissue, as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, demonstrates a key role in the progression of such phenomena. Since these micronutrient molecules can be obtained from food, their biochemical properties open new perspectives with respect to the long-term health status of healthy individuals, as well as their use as a coadjutant treatment in specific diseases.
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Zerumbone suppresses high glucose and LPS-induced inflammation in THP-1-derived macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB/TLR signaling pathway. Nutr Res 2022; 100:58-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Singleton JR, Foster-Palmer S, Marcus RL. Exercise as Treatment for Neuropathy in the Setting of Diabetes and Prediabetic Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of Animal Models and Human Trials. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e230921196752. [PMID: 34561989 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210923125832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is among the most common complications of diabetes, but a phenotypically identical distal sensory predominant, painful axonopathy afflicts patients with prediabetic metabolic syndrome, exemplifying a spectrum of risk and continuity of pathogenesis. No pharmacological treatment convincingly improves neuropathy in the setting of metabolic syndrome, but evolving data suggest that exercise may be a promising alternative. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to review in depth the current literature regarding exercise treatment of metabolic syndrome neuropathy in humans and animal models, highlight the diverse mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial effects, and examine adherence limitations, safety aspects, modes and dose of exercise. RESULTS Rodent models that recapitulate the organismal milieu of prediabetic metabolic syndrome and the phenotype of its neuropathy provide a strong platform to dissect exercise effects on neuropathy pathogenesis. In these models, exercise reverses hyperglycemia and consequent oxidative and nitrosative stress, improves microvascular vasoreactivity, enhances axonal transport, ameliorates the lipotoxicity and inflammatory effects of hyperlipidemia and obesity, supports neuronal survival and regeneration following injury, and enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics at the distal axon. Prospective human studies are limited in scale but suggest exercise to improve cutaneous nerve regenerative capacity, neuropathic pain, and task-specific functional performance measures of gait and balance. Like other heath behavioral interventions, the benefits of exercise are limited by patient adherence. CONCLUSION Exercise is an integrative therapy that potently reduces cellular inflammatory state and improves distal axonal oxidative metabolism to ameliorate features of neuropathy in metabolic syndrome. The intensity of exercise need not improve cardinal features of metabolic syndrome, including weight, glucose control, to exert beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin L Marcus
- Department Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, UT, United States
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Valle MS, Russo C, Malaguarnera L. Protective role of vitamin D against oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3447. [PMID: 33760363 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. There is much evidence showing that a high level of mitochondrial overproduction of reactive oxygen species in the diabetic retina contributes in modifying cellular signalling and leads to retinal cell damage and finally to the development of DR pathogenesis. In the last few decades, it has been reported that vitamin D is involved in DR pathogenesis. Vitamin D, traditionally known as an essential nutrient crucial in bone metabolism, has also been proven to be a very effective antioxidant. It has been demonstrated that it modulates the production of advanced glycosylated end products, as well as several pathways including protein kinase C, the polyol pathway leading to the reduction of free radical formation. It prevents the translocation of nuclear factor kappa B, preventing the inflammatory response, acting as an immunomodulator, and modulates autophagy and apoptosis. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D protects the eye from oxidative stress, in order to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation may be useful to mitigate the deleterious effects of free radicals in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stella Valle
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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10
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Islam H, Neudorf H, Mui AL, Little JP. Interpreting 'anti-inflammatory' cytokine responses to exercise: focus on interleukin-10. J Physiol 2021; 599:5163-5177. [PMID: 34647335 DOI: 10.1113/jp281356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating concentrations of canonically pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are commonly measured when evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. An important caveat to interpreting systemic cytokine concentrations as evidence for the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise is the observed dissociation between circulating cytokine concentrations and cytokine function at the tissue/cellular level. The dichotomization of cytokines as pro- or anti-inflammatory also overlooks the context dependence of cytokine function, which can vary depending on the physiological state being studied, the cytokine's cellular source/target, and magnitude of cytokine responses. We re-evaluate our current understanding of anti-inflammatory cytokine responses to exercise by highlighting nuances surrounding the interpretation of altered systemic cytokine concentrations as evidence for changes in inflammatory processes occurring at the tissue/cellular level. We highlight the lesser known pro-inflammatory and immunostimulatory actions of the prototypical anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-10, including the potentiation of interferon gamma production during endotoxaemia, CD8+ T cell activation in tumour bearing rodents and cancer patients in vivo, and CD8+ T lymphocyte and natural killer cell activation in vitro. IL-10's more well-established anti-inflammatory actions can also be blunted following exercise training and under chronic inflammatory states such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) independently of circulating IL-10 concentrations. The resistance to IL-10's anti-inflammatory action in T2D coincides with blunted STAT3 phosphorylation and can be restored with small-molecule activators of IL-10 signalling, highlighting potential therapeutic avenues for restoring IL-10 action. We posit that inferences based on altered circulating cytokine concentrations alone can miss important functional changes in cytokine action occurring at the tissue/cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Helena Neudorf
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Alice L Mui
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Interleukin-26 Has Synergistic Catabolic Effects with Palmitate in Human Articular Chondrocytes via the TLR4-ERK1/2-c-Jun Signaling Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092500. [PMID: 34572149 PMCID: PMC8471695 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-26 (IL-26) is highly expressed in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with inflammatory arthritis. The effect of IL-26 on human articular chondrocytes (HACs) remains unclear. Obesity is associated with disability of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and disease activity in those with ankylosing spondylitis. The saturated free fatty acid palmitate with IL-1β can synergistically induce catabolic effects in HACs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of IL-26 and palmitate in HACs. In this study, palmitate markedly synergizes the IL-26-induced proinflammatory effects and matrix protease, including COX-2, IL-6, and MMP-1, in HACs via the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-ERK1/2-c-Jun signal transduction pathway. The synergistic catabolic effects of palmitate and IL-26 were attenuated by inhibitors of TLR4 (TAK242), ERK1/2 (U0126), or c-Jun (SP600125) in HACs and cartilage matrix. In addition, metformin, a potential inhibitor of TLR4, also decreased expression of COX-2 and IL-6 induced by co-incubation with IL-26 and palmitate. IL-26 and palmitate synergistically induced expression of inflammatory and catabolic mediators, resulting in articular cartilage matrix breakdown. The present study also revealed a possible mechanism and therapeutic targets against articular cartilage degradation by increased saturated fatty acids in patients with inflammatory arthritis.
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Native Low-Density Lipoproteins Act in Synergy with Lipopolysaccharide to Alter the Balance of Human Monocyte Subsets and Their Ability to Produce IL-1 Beta, CCR2, and CX3CR1 In Vitro and In Vivo: Implications in Atherogenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081169. [PMID: 34439835 PMCID: PMC8391227 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhance accumulation of interleukin (IL)-1 beta-producing macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. However, the potential synergistic effect of native LDL (nLDL) and LPS on the inflammatory ability and migration pattern of monocyte subpopulations remains elusive and is examined here. In vitro, whole blood cells from healthy donors (n = 20) were incubated with 100 μg/mL nLDL, 10 ng/mL LPS, or nLDL + LPS for 9 h. Flow cytometry assays revealed that nLDL significantly decreases the classical monocyte (CM) percentage and increases the non-classical monocyte (NCM) subset. While nLDL + LPS significantly increased the number of NCMs expressing IL-1 beta and the C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), the amount of NCMs expressing the CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) decreased. In vivo, patients (n = 85) with serum LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) >100 mg/dL showed an increase in NCM, IL-1 beta, LPS-binding protein (LBP), and Castelli’s atherogenic risk index as compared to controls (n = 65) with optimal LDL-C concentrations (≤100 mg/dL). This work demonstrates for the first time that nLDL acts in synergy with LPS to alter the balance of human monocyte subsets and their ability to produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokine receptors with prominent roles in atherogenesis.
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Olmos-Ortiz A, Flores-Espinosa P, Díaz L, Velázquez P, Ramírez-Isarraraz C, Zaga-Clavellina V. Immunoendocrine Dysregulation during Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Central Role of the Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8087. [PMID: 34360849 PMCID: PMC8348825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a transitory metabolic condition caused by dysregulation triggered by intolerance to carbohydrates, dysfunction of beta-pancreatic and endothelial cells, and insulin resistance during pregnancy. However, this disease includes not only changes related to metabolic distress but also placental immunoendocrine adaptations, resulting in harmful effects to the mother and fetus. In this review, we focus on the placenta as an immuno-endocrine organ that can recognize and respond to the hyperglycemic environment. It synthesizes diverse chemicals that play a role in inflammation, innate defense, endocrine response, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis, all associated with different perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (P.F.-E.)
| | - Pilar Flores-Espinosa
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (P.F.-E.)
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Pilar Velázquez
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Ángeles México, Ciudad de México 11800, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Ramírez-Isarraraz
- Clínica de Urología Ginecológica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Zaga-Clavellina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
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14
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Palmer TM, Salt IP. Nutrient regulation of inflammatory signalling in obesity and vascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1563-1590. [PMID: 34231841 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite obesity and diabetes markedly increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie this association remain poorly characterised. In the last 20 years it has become apparent that chronic, low-grade inflammation in obese adipose tissue may contribute to the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, increased vascular pro-inflammatory signalling is a key event in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Overnutrition exacerbates pro-inflammatory signalling in vascular and adipose tissues, with several mechanisms proposed to mediate this. In this article, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which nutrients are proposed to regulate pro-inflammatory signalling in adipose and vascular tissues. In addition, we examine the potential therapeutic opportunities that these mechanisms provide for suppression of inappropriate inflammation in obesity and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Palmer
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Salt
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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15
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Nutrigenomics of Dietary Lipids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10070994. [PMID: 34206632 PMCID: PMC8300813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary lipids have a major role in nutrition, not only for their fuel value, but also as essential and bioactive nutrients. This narrative review aims to describe the current evidence on nutrigenomic effects of dietary lipids. Firstly, the different chemical and biological properties of fatty acids contained both in plant- and animal-based food are illustrated. A description of lipid bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and lipotoxicity is provided, together with an overview of the modulatory role of lipids as pro- or anti-inflammatory agents. Current findings concerning the metabolic impact of lipids on gene expression, epigenome, and gut microbiome in animal and human studies are summarized. Finally, the effect of the individual’s genetic make-up on lipid metabolism is described. The main goal is to provide an overview about the interaction between dietary lipids and the genome, by identifying and discussing recent scientific evidence, recognizing strengths and weaknesses, to address future investigations and fill the gaps in the current knowledge on metabolic impact of dietary fats on health.
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16
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Chou PC, Lin PC, Wu SW, Wang CK, Chung TK, Walzem RL, Lai LS, Chen SE. Differential Modulation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on Innate Immunity of Broiler Breeder Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061742. [PMID: 34200930 PMCID: PMC8230489 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary No predominant changes between R- vs. Ad-feed intake on leukocyte defense against pathogens were observed in broiler breeder hens despite some differences in inflammatory and respiratory burst responses. Overall, supplemental 25-OH-D3 had more pronounced effects on the innate immunity of Ad-hens. In vitro studies confirmed the differential effects of 25-OH-D3 to rescue immune functions altered by glucose and/or palmitic acid exposure. Abstract Past immunological studies in broilers focused on juveniles within the rapid pre-slaughter growth period and may not reflect adult immune responses, particularly in breeders managed with chronic feed restriction (R). The study aimed to assess innate immune cell functions in respect to R vs. ad libitum (Ad) feed intake in breeder hens with and without dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) supplementation. Ad-feed intake consistently suppressed IL-1β secretion, respiratory burst, and cell livability in peripheral heterophils and/or monocytes along the feeding trial from the age of 51 to 68 weeks. Supplemental 25-OH-D3 repressed IL-1β secretion and respiratory burst of both cells mostly in R-hens, but promoted monocyte phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and bacterial killing activity in Ad-hens in accompany with relieved hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and systemic inflammation. Overnight cultures with leukocytes from R-hens confirmed the differential effects of 25-OH-D3 to rescue immune functions altered by glucose and/or palmitic acid exposure. Studies with specific inhibitors further manifested the operative mechanisms via glucolipotoxicity in a cell type- and function-dependent manner. The results concluded no predominant changes between R- vs. Ad-feed intake on leukocyte defense against pathogens despite some differential differences, but supplemental 25-OH-D3 exerts more pronounced effects in Ad-hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Chia Chou
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Chi Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (S.-W.W.); (C.-K.W.)
| | - Shu-Wei Wu
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (S.-W.W.); (C.-K.W.)
| | - Chien-Kai Wang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (S.-W.W.); (C.-K.W.)
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Thau-Kiong Chung
- DSM Nutritional Products Asia Pacific, Singapore 117440, Singapore;
| | - Rosemary L. Walzem
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Lih-Shiuh Lai
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (L.-S.L.); (S.-E.C.)
| | - Shuen-Ei Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (S.-W.W.); (C.-K.W.)
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-S.L.); (S.-E.C.)
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17
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Linnaranta O, Trontti KT, Honkanen J, Hovatta I, Keinänen J, Suvisaari J. Peripheral metabolic state and immune system in first-episode psychosis - A gene expression study with a prospective one-year follow-up. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:383-392. [PMID: 33765450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
he excess availability of glucose and lipids can also have an impact on the dynamics of activation and regulation of peripheral immune cellsWe aimed at understanding the correlations between peripheral metabolic state and immune system during the first year in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Patients with FEP (n = 67) and matched controls (n = 38), aged 18-40 years, were met at baseline, 2 and 12 months. Fasting peripheral blood samples were collected. We applied the NanoString nCounter in-solution hybridization technology to determine gene expression levels of 178 candidate genes reflecting activation of the immune system. Serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and insulin and plasma glucose (fP-Gluc) were measured. We applied Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to visualize enrichment of genes to functional classes. Strength of positive or negative regulation of the disease and functional pathways was deduced from IPA activation Z-score at the three evaluation points. We correlated gene expression with plasma glucose, triglycerids and HDL and LDL, and used hierarchical clustering of the pairwise correlations to identify groups of genes with similar correlation patterns with metabolic markers. In patients, initially, genes associated with the innate immune system response pathways were upregulated, which decreased by 12 months. Furthermore, genes associated with apoptosis and T cell death were downregulated, and genes associated with lipid metabolism were increasingly downregulated by 12 months. The immune activation was thus an acute phase during illness onset. At baseline, after controlling for multiple testing, 31/178 genes correlated positively with fasting glucose levels, and 54/178 genes negatively with triglycerides in patients only. The gene clusters showed patterns of correlations with metabolic markers over time. The results suggest a functional link between peripheral immune system and metabolic state in FEP. Metabolic factors may have had an influence on the initial activation of the innate immune system. Future work is necessary to understand the role of metabolic state in the regulation of immune response in the early phases of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Linnaranta
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Centre for Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kalevi T Trontti
- Sleep Well Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarno Honkanen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Sleep Well Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medicum, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Keinänen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 590, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Tian J, Zhao Y, Wang L, Li L. Role of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in heart and liver-related complications in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521997590. [PMID: 33787393 PMCID: PMC8020098 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521997590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To analyze expression of members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4/myeloid
differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling
pathway in the heart and liver in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM). Our overall goal was to understand the underlying pathophysiological
mechanisms. Methods We measured fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin (FINS) in a rat model of
T2DM. Expression of members of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway as
well as downstream cytokines was investigated. Levels of mRNA and protein
were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and
western blotting, respectively. Protein content of tissue homogenates was
assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results Diabetic rats had lower body weights, higher FBG, higher FINS, and higher
intraperitoneal glucose tolerance than normal rats. In addition, biochemical
indicators related to heart and liver function were elevated in diabetic
rats compared with normal rats. TLR4 and MyD88 were involved in the
occurrence of T2DM as well as T2DM-related heart and liver complications.
TLR4 caused T2DM-related heart and liver complications through activation of
NF-κB. Conclusions TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling induces production of tumor necrosis factor-α,
interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, leading to the heart-
and liver-related complications of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P.R. China
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19
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Lamadrid P, Alonso-Peña M, San Segundo D, Arias-Loste M, Crespo J, Lopez-Hoyos M. Innate and Adaptive Immunity Alterations in Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Its Implication in COVID-19 Severity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:651728. [PMID: 33859644 PMCID: PMC8042647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has hit the world, affecting health, medical care, economies and our society as a whole. Furthermore, COVID-19 pandemic joins the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome in western countries. Patients suffering from obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, cardiac involvement and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have enhanced risk of suffering severe COVID-19 and mortality. Importantly, up to 25% of the population in western countries is susceptible of suffering from both MAFLD and COVID-19, while none approved treatment is currently available for any of them. Moreover, it is well known that exacerbated innate immune responses are key in the development of the most severe stages of MAFLD and COVID-19. In this review, we focus on the role of the immune system in the establishment and progression of MAFLD and discuss its potential implication in the development of severe COVID-19 in MAFLD patients. As a result, we hope to clarify their common pathology, but also uncover new potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Lamadrid
- Transplant and Autoimmunity Group, Research Institute Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Peña
- Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Pathology Group, Research Institute Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - David San Segundo
- Transplant and Autoimmunity Group, Research Institute Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.,Immunology Department, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Mayte Arias-Loste
- Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Pathology Group, Research Institute Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Pathology Group, Research Institute Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Marcos Lopez-Hoyos
- Transplant and Autoimmunity Group, Research Institute Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.,Immunology Department, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
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20
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Atho'illah MF, Safitri YD, Nur'aini FD, Widyarti S, Tsuboi H, Rifa'i M. Elicited soybean extract attenuates proinflammatory cytokines expression by modulating TLR3/TLR4 activation in high-fat, high-fructose diet mice. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:43-51. [PMID: 33531194 PMCID: PMC8039419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFFD) provokes overnutrition and inflammation directly, mainly through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Soybean (Glycine max L.) contains isoflavone that can be transformed into glyceollin by microbial and physical stimuli. Glyceollin possesses many beneficial effects on health. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the beneficial effect of soybean extract elicited by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and light (ESE) on dendritic cells (DCs) profile and naïve T cells in HFFD mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female Balb/C mice were fed with HFFD for 24 weeks then orally administered with simvastatin 2.8 mg/kg BW or ESE 78, 104, and 130 mg/kg BW at the last four weeks. The expression of splenic CD11c+TLR3+, CD11c+TLR4+, NFκB+, CD11c+IL-17+, CD11c+TNF-α+, CD4+CD62L+, and CD8+CD62L+ subsets was measured by flow cytometry. The molecular docking has been measured using Pyrx 0.8, displayed in PyMol and Biovia Discovery Studio. RESULT HFFD significantly increased CD11c+TLR3+, CD11c+TLR4+, NFκB+, CD11c+IL-17+, CD11c+TNF-α+ expression and decreased CD4+CD62L+ and CD8+CD62L+ (p < 0.05) compared to normal diet (ND) groups. ESE reduced CD11c+TLR3+, CD11c+TLR4+, thereby decreasing NFκB+, as well as decreased the CD11c+IL-17+, CD11c+TNF-α+, and restores CD4+CD62L+ and CD8+CD62L+ subsets in HFFD mice. Glyceollin II exhibited the best binding affinity with an average energy of -7.3 kcal/mol to TLR3 and -7.9 kcal/mol to TLR4. CONCLUSION The bioactive compound in ESE act synergistically to modulate TLR3/TLR4 activation, reduced NFκB, IL-17, and TNF-α, and restores naïve T cells expression in HFFD mice. ESE was a favorable candidate to mitigate chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mochammad Fitri Atho'illah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yunita Diyah Safitri
- Medical Laboratory Technology Program, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Karya Putra Bangsa, 66291, Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Farida Dewi Nur'aini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Sri Widyarti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Hideo Tsuboi
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showaku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Muhaimin Rifa'i
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia; Center of Biosystem Study, LPPM of Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
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21
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Methnani J, Amor D, Yousfi N, Bouslama A, Omezzine A, Bouhlel E. Sedentary behavior, exercise and COVID-19: immune and metabolic implications in obesity and its comorbidities. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:1538-1547. [PMID: 33305550 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many reports showed a dramatic decrease in the levels of physical activity during the current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2. This has substantial immune and metabolic implications, especially in those at risk or with metabolic diseases including individuals with obesity and Type 2 diabetes. In this study we discussed the route from physical inactivity to immune and metabolic aberrancies; focusing on how insulin resistance could represent an adaptive mechanism to the low physical activity levels and on how such an adaptive mechanism could shift to a pathognomonic feature of metabolic diseases, creating a vicious circle of immune and metabolic aberrancies. We provide a theoretical framework to the severe immunopathology of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic diseases. We finally discuss the idea of exercise as a potential adjuvant against COVID-19 and emphasize how even interrupting prolonged periods of sitting with short time breaks of very light activity could be a feasible strategy to limit the deleterious effects of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabeur Methnani
- University of Manouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia - .,Department of Biochemistry, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia - .,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Physiopathology: from Integrated to Molecular Biology, Medicine and Health, LR19ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia -
| | - Dorra Amor
- Department of Biochemistry, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nariman Yousfi
- University of Manouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory of "Sport Performance Optimization, " National Center of Medicine and Sport Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ali Bouslama
- Department of Biochemistry, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Asma Omezzine
- Department of Biochemistry, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ezdine Bouhlel
- University of Manouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Physiopathology: from Integrated to Molecular Biology, Medicine and Health, LR19ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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22
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Walsh JJ, Myette-Côté É, Neudorf H, Little JP. Potential Therapeutic Effects of Exogenous Ketone Supplementation for Type 2 Diabetes: A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:958-969. [PMID: 32013822 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200203120540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is among the most prevalent non-communicable lifestyle diseases. We propose that overnutrition and low levels of physical activity can contribute to a vicious cycle of hyperglycemia, inflammation and oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The pathophysiological manifestations of T2D have a particular impact on the vasculature and individuals with T2D are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Targeting aspects of the vicious cycle represent therapeutic approaches for improving T2D and protecting against cardiovascular complications. The recent advent of exogenous oral ketone supplements represents a novel, non-pharmacological approach to improving T2D pathophysiology and potentially protecting against cardiovascular disease risk. Herein, we review the emerging literature regarding the effects of exogenous ketone supplementation on metabolic control, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular function in humans and highlight the potential application for breaking the vicious cycle of T2D pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Walsh
- Exercise, Metabolism and Inflammation Laboratory, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Étienne Myette-Côté
- Exercise, Metabolism and Inflammation Laboratory, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Helena Neudorf
- Exercise, Metabolism and Inflammation Laboratory, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- Exercise, Metabolism and Inflammation Laboratory, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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23
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Wang X, Wang Y, Antony V, Sun H, Liang G. Metabolism-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs). Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:712-724. [PMID: 32807598 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases pose a tremendous health threat in both developed and developing countries. The pathophysiology of metabolic diseases is complex but has been shown to be closely associated with sterile inflammation, which is initiated by various danger molecules derived from metabolic overload, such as oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OxLDLs), free fatty acids (FFAs), glucose, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and cholesterol. These danger signals are sensed by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate proinflammatory signaling pathways and promote the release of proinflammatory mediators, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation. Although these harmful metabolic stimuli are generally regarded as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), a more specific definition and accurate classification for these DAMPs is still missing. In this opinion, we classify the harmful metabolic stimuli that can incite inflammatory responses and tissue damage via instigating PRRs as metabolism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), and we summarize their roles in metaflammation-mediated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Victor Antony
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Zhuji Biomedical Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China.
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24
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Obese Adipose Tissue Secretion Induces Inflammation in Preadipocytes: Role of Toll-Like Receptor-4. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092828. [PMID: 32947825 PMCID: PMC7551792 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity, the dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) releases increased levels of proinflammatory adipokines such as TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β and free fatty acids (FFAs), characterizing a chronic, low-grade inflammation. Whilst FFAs and proinflammatory adipokines are known to elicit an inflammatory response within AT, their relative influence upon preadipocytes, the precursors of mature adipocytes, is yet to be determined. Our results demonstrated that the conditioned medium (CM) derived from obese AT was rich in FFAs, which guided us to evaluate the role of TLR4 in the induction of inflammation in preadipocytes. We observed that CM derived from obese AT increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and NF-ĸB nuclear translocation together with IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β in 3T3-L1 cells in a TLR4-dependent manner. Furthermore, TLR4 signaling was involved in the increased expression of C/EBPα together with the release of leptin, adiponectin, and proinflammatory mediators, in response to the CM derived from obese AT. Our results suggest that obese AT milieu secretes lipokines, which act in a combined paracrine/autocrine manner, inducing inflammation in preadipocytes via TLR4 and ROS, thus creating a paracrine loop that facilitates the differentiation of adipocytes with a proinflammatory profile.
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25
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Sun H, Sun Z, Varghese Z, Guo Y, Moorhead JF, Unwin RJ, Ruan XZ. Nonesterified free fatty acids enhance the inflammatory response in renal tubules by inducing extracellular ATP release. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F292-F303. [PMID: 32686520 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00098.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In proteinuric renal diseases, excessive plasma nonesterified free fatty acids bound to albumin can leak across damaged glomeruli to be reabsorbed by renal proximal tubular cells and cause inflammatory tubular cells damage by as yet unknown mechanisms. The present study was designed to investigate these mechanisms induced by palmitic acid (PA; one of the nonesterified free fatty acids) overload. Our results show that excess PA stimulates ATP release through the pannexin 1 channel in human renal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2), increasing extracellular ATP concentration approximately threefold compared with control. The ATP release is dependent on caspase-3/7 activation induced by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, extracellular ATP aggravates PA-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion and monocyte infiltration of tubular cells, enlarging the inflammatory response in both macrophages and HK-2 cells via the purinergic P2X7 receptor-mammalian target of rapamycin-forkhead box O1-thioredoxin-interacting protein/NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome pathway. Hence, PA increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-induced ATP release and inflammatory stress, which cause a "first hit," while ATP itself is a "second hit" in amplifying the renal tubular inflammatory response. Thus, inhibition of ATP release or the purinergic P2X7 receptor may be an approach to reduce renal inflammation and improve renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zac Varghese
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yinfeng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - John F Moorhead
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert John Unwin
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.,Early Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, AstraZeneca Biopharmaceutical's R&D, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiong Z Ruan
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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26
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Identifying effector molecules, cells, and cytokines of innate immunity in OA. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:532-543. [PMID: 32044352 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory changes are observed in affected joints of osteoarthritis (OA) patients and are thought to be involved in the pathology that develops along OA progression. This narrative review provides an overview of the various cell types that are present in the joint during OA and which alarmins, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other mediators they produce. Moreover, the involvement of more systemic processes like inflammaging and its associated cellular senescence in the context of OA are discussed.
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27
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Lake JA, Abasht B. Glucolipotoxicity: A Proposed Etiology for Wooden Breast and Related Myopathies in Commercial Broiler Chickens. Front Physiol 2020; 11:169. [PMID: 32231585 PMCID: PMC7083144 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wooden breast is one of several myopathies of fast-growing commercial broilers that has emerged as a consequence of intensive selection practices in the poultry breeding industry. Despite the substantial economic burden presented to broiler producers worldwide by wooden breast and related muscle disorders such as white striping, the genetic and etiological underpinnings of these diseases are still poorly understood. Here we propose a new hypothesis on the primary causes of wooden breast that implicates dysregulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Our hypothesis addresses recent findings that have suggested etiologic similarities between wooden breast and type 2 diabetes despite their phenotypic disparities. Unlike in mammals, dysregulation of lipid and glucose metabolism is not accompanied by an increase in plasma glucose levels but generates a unique skeletal muscle phenotype, i.e., wooden breast, in chickens. We hypothesize that these phenotypic disparities result from a major difference in skeletal muscle glucose transport between birds and mammals, and that the wooden breast phenotype most closely resembles complications of diabetes in smooth and cardiac muscle of mammals. Additional basic research on wooden breast and related muscle disorders in commercial broiler chickens is necessary and can be informative for poultry breeding and production as well as for human health and disease. To inform future studies, this paper reviews the current biological knowledge of wooden breast, outlines the major steps in its proposed pathogenesis, and examines how selection for production traits may have contributed to its prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juniper A. Lake
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Behnam Abasht
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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28
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Gao W, Guo X, Wang Y, Jian D, Li M. Monocyte-derived extracellular vesicles upon treated by palmitate promote endothelial migration and monocytes attachment to endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:685-691. [PMID: 31948757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM High circulating free fatty acid (FFA) concentration has a critical role in the development of obesity associated vascular comorbidities. Ample previous findings revealed that FFA, especially saturated, induce endothelial dysfunction throught multiple mechanisms (summarized as lipotoxicity). As a mediator that transfers information among cells, extracellular vesicles(EVs) participate in pathologic processes of many diseases, including angiocardiopathy, insulin resistance, autoimmunity disease. However, how lipotoxicity changed the proportion of EVs secreted from monocytes, furthermore, the effect of the EVs exerts on endothelial cells, haven't been demonstrated. METHOD In our experience, differential ultracentrifugation was used to extract EVs from condition medium (CM) of THP-1 monocytes under given treatments. Then we co-incubated the EVs derived from palmitate-treated monocytes with HUVECs for 24 h, after which molecular and phenotypic assays were conducted. RESULT Palmitate-treated monocytes EVs promote the production of adhesion associated proteins of endothelial cells, such as VCAM-1, ICAM-1. Meanwhile, palmitate-stimulation may play a promoter role in the pro-migration capacity of monocytes-EVs. In brief, EVs could be the new pathological junction between FFA and endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xingchen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Dongdong Jian
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Muwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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29
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Martínez-García MÁ, Ojeda-Ojeda M, Rodríguez-Martín E, Insenser M, Moncayo S, Álvarez-Blasco F, Luque-Ramírez M, Escobar-Morreale HF. TLR2 and TLR4 Surface and Gene Expression in White Blood Cells after Fasting and Oral Glucose, Lipid and Protein Challenges: Influence of Obesity and Sex Hormones. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010111. [PMID: 31936430 PMCID: PMC7023426 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied if macronutrients of the diet have different effects on leukocyte activation, and if these effects are influenced by sex hormones or obesity. We analyzed leukocyte cell surface and gene expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) during fasting and after macronutrient loads in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and female and male controls. Fasting TLR2 surface expression in neutrophils was higher in men than in women. Obese subjects presented higher TLR2 gene expression than nonobese individuals, particularly in men. In contrast, surface TLR4 expression was lower in men and in obese individuals. Postprandial cell-surface expression decreased similarly after all macronutrient loads. Neutrophil TLR2 decreased only in obese subjects whereas TLR4 showed a greater decrease in nonobese individuals. However, TLR2 gene expression increased after glucose ingestion and decreased during the lipid load, while TLR4 was induced in response to lipids and mostly to glucose. Postprandial TLR gene expression was not influenced by group of subjects or obesity. Both cell-surface and gene postprandial expression inversely correlated with their fasting levels. These responses suggest a transient compensatory response aiming to prevent postprandial inflammation. However, obesity and sex hormones showed opposite influences on surface expression of TLR2 and TLR4, but not on their gene expression, pointing to regulatory posttranscriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ángeles Martínez-García
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal &Universidad de Alcalá &Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (M.O.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (F.Á.-B.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - Miriam Ojeda-Ojeda
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal &Universidad de Alcalá &Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (M.O.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (F.Á.-B.); (M.L.-R.)
| | | | - María Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal &Universidad de Alcalá &Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (M.O.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (F.Á.-B.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - Samuel Moncayo
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal &Universidad de Alcalá &Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (M.O.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (F.Á.-B.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - Francisco Álvarez-Blasco
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal &Universidad de Alcalá &Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (M.O.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (F.Á.-B.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal &Universidad de Alcalá &Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (M.O.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (F.Á.-B.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - Héctor F. Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal &Universidad de Alcalá &Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (M.O.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (F.Á.-B.); (M.L.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-3369164
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30
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Zhou H, Urso CJ, Jadeja V. Saturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Associated Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1-14. [PMID: 32021375 PMCID: PMC6954080 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s229691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of various pathological conditions including insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Central to these conditions is obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation in many tissues including adipose, liver, muscle, kidney, pancreas, and brain. There is increasing evidence that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increase the phosphorylation of MAPKs, enhance the activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and elevate the expression of inflammatory genes. This paper focuses on the mechanisms by which SFAs induce inflammation. SFAs may induce the expression inflammatory genes via different pathways including toll-like receptor (TLR), protein kinase C (PKC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These findings suggest that SFAs act as an important link between obesity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - C J Urso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Viren Jadeja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
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31
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Simon MC, Reinbeck AL, Wessel C, Heindirk J, Jelenik T, Kaul K, Arreguin-Cano J, Strom A, Blaut M, Bäckhed F, Burkart V, Roden M. Distinct alterations of gut morphology and microbiota characterize accelerated diabetes onset in nonobese diabetic mice. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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32
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Chao WC, Yen CL, Wu CH, Shieh CC. How mycobacteria take advantage of the weakness in human immune system in the modern world. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 53:209-215. [PMID: 31926875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) infection remains a global health threat in recent decades partly due to a marked increase in the number of susceptible patients, including those with diabetes mellitus (DM) and who receive biologics. Immunity in TB infection is complex as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a highly adaptive pathogen and may evade the immune defense through various ways. Recent advances in TB immunity have revealed that granulomatous inflammation in TB infection is highly dynamic and the early influx of neutrophils may lead to excessive inflammation and pulmonary cavitation, which provide niches for MTB not only to survive but also to spread to other sites. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species have been found to play a crucial role among pathogenesis of TB infection in diabetics (DM-TB) through regulating inflammasome activation and the production of IL-1β, which in turn modulates the inflammatory network in TB infection, leading to dysfunctional inflammatory responses and tissue remodeling. To understand the exact immunological mechanisms underlying TB infection hence is essential for developing novel adjunctive host-directed therapy (HDT) aiming to alleviate excessive inflammation and tissue destruction and, at the same time, enhance the efficacy of currently available choices of anti-mycobacterial agents. Here we reviewed current epidemiological challenges of global TB control, novel immunological mechanisms underlying dysregulated inflammation in TB infection, especially in DM-TB, and some potential applications of adjunctive HDT in TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Chao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Yen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsin Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Shieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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33
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A global perspective on the crosstalk between saturated fatty acids and Toll-like receptor 4 in the etiology of inflammation and insulin resistance. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 77:101020. [PMID: 31870728 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is featured by chronic systemic low-grade inflammation that eventually contributes to the development of insulin resistance. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an important mediator that triggers the innate immune response by activating inflammatory signaling cascades. Human, animal and cell culture studies identified saturated fatty acids (SFAs), the dominant non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) in the circulation of obese subjects, as non-microbial agonists that trigger the inflammatory response via activating TLR4 signaling, which acts as an important causative link between fatty acid overload, chronic low-grade inflammation and the related metabolic aberrations. The interaction between SFAs and TLR4 may be modulated through the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88-dependent and independent signaling pathway. Greater understanding of the crosstalk between dietary SFAs and TLR4 signaling in the pathogenesis of metabolic imbalance may facilitate the design of a more efficient pharmacological strategy to alleviate the risk of developing chronic diseases elicited in part by fatty acid overload. The current review discusses recent advances in the impact of crosstalk between SFAs and TLR4 on inflammation and insulin resistance in multiple cell types, tissues and organs in the context of metabolic dysregulation.
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34
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Simon MC, Reinbeck AL, Wessel C, Heindirk J, Jelenik T, Kaul K, Arreguin-Cano J, Strom A, Blaut M, Bäckhed F, Burkart V, Roden M. Distinct alterations of gut morphology and microbiota characterize accelerated diabetes onset in nonobese diabetic mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:969-980. [PMID: 31822562 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) over the past decades has been linked to lifestyle changes, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Recent findings point to gut-associated mechanisms in the control of T1D pathogenesis. In nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model of T1D, diabetes development accelerates after deletion of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We hypothesized that altered intestinal functions contribute to metabolic alterations, which favor accelerated diabetes development in TLR4-deficient (TLR4-/-) NOD mice. In 70-90-day-old normoglycemic (prediabetic) female NOD TLR4+/+ and NOD TLR4-/- mice, gut morphology and microbiome composition were analyzed. Parameters of lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and mitochondrial respiratory activity were measured in vivo and ex vivo Compared with NOD TLR4+/+ mice, NOD TLR4-/- animals showed lower muscle mass of the small intestine, higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, and lower Firmicutes in the large intestine, along with lower levels of circulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). These changes are associated with higher body weight, hyperlipidemia, and severe insulin and glucose intolerance, all occurring before the onset of diabetes. These mice also exhibited insulin resistance-related abnormalities of energy metabolism, such as lower total respiratory exchange rates and higher hepatic oxidative capacity. Distinct alterations of gut morphology and microbiota composition associated with reduction of circulating SCFA may contribute to metabolic disorders promoting the progression of insulin-deficient diabetes/T1D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, S-41348 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Lena Reinbeck
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Wessel
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Heindirk
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tomas Jelenik
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirti Kaul
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juan Arreguin-Cano
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Strom
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, D-14558 Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, S-41348 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volker Burkart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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35
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Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Alizadeh S, Javanbakht MH, Mirshafiey A. Anti-diabetic effect of β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive property on insulin production, blood glucose, and inflammatory markers in the experimental diabetes model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:435-440. [PMID: 29882437 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1481094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) on blood glucose, insulin production, and inflammatory markers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Our data showed that the final fasting serum glucose level was significantly lower in the M2000-treated group compared to the diabetic control group (p < .05). In addition, the final fasting serum insulin level significantly increased in the M2000-treated group compared to the diabetic control group (p < .05). Our finding revealed that the serum level of hs-CRP and IL-6 decreased significantly in the M2000-treated group compared to the diabetic control group (p < .05). This study showed that M2000, as a new NSAID, was able to decrease serum glucose levels and increase serum insulin levels and this drug could significantly decrease the inflammatory markers in the M2000-treated group. Collectively, treatment with M2000 might be recommended reducing the severity of diabetes-induced inflammatory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Shahabeddin Mortazavi-Jahromi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus University of Tehran , Kish , Iran
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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36
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Sindhu S, Kochumon S, Shenouda S, Wilson A, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R. The Cooperative Induction of CCL4 in Human Monocytic Cells by TNF-α and Palmitate Requires MyD88 and Involves MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184658. [PMID: 31546972 PMCID: PMC6770648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation, also known as metabolic inflammation, is a hallmark of obesity and parallels with the presence of elevated circulatory levels of free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. CCL4/MIP-1β chemokine plays a key role in the adipose tissue monocyte recruitment. Increased circulatory levels of TNF-α, palmitate and CCL4 are co-expressed in obesity. We asked if the TNF-α/palmitate could interact cooperatively to augment the CCL4 production in human monocytic cells and macrophages. THP-1 cells/primary macrophages were co-treated with TNF-α/palmitate and CCL4 mRNA/protein expression was assessed using qRT-PCR/ELISA. TLR4 siRNA, a TLR4 receptor-blocking antibody, XBlue™-defMyD cells and pathway inhibitors were used to decipher the signaling mechanisms. We found that TNF-α/palmitate co-stimulation augmented the CCL4 expression in monocytic cells and macrophages compared to controls (p < 0.05). TLR4 suppression or neutralization abrogated the CCL4 expression in monocytic cells. Notably, CCL4 cooperative induction in monocytic cells was: (1) Markedly less in MyD88-deficient cells, (2) IRF3 independent, (3) clathrin dependent and (4) associated with the signaling mechanism involving ERK1/2, c-Jun, JNK and NF-κB. In conclusion, TNF-α/palmitate co-stimulation promotes the CCL4 expression in human monocytic cells through the mechanism involving a TLR4-MyD88 axis and MAPK/NF-κB pathways. These findings unravel a novel mechanism of the cooperative induction of CCL4 by TNF-α and palmitate which could be relevant to metabolic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar Sindhu
- Animal and Imaging Core Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait,
| | - Shihab Kochumon
- Microbiolgy and Immunology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait,
| | - Steve Shenouda
- Microbiolgy and Immunology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait,
| | - Ajit Wilson
- Microbiolgy and Immunology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait,
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics & Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait,
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Microbiolgy and Immunology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait,
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Calmasini FB, Klee N, Webb RC, Priviero F. Impact of Immune System Activation and Vascular Impairment on Male and Female Sexual Dysfunction. Sex Med Rev 2019; 7:604-613. [PMID: 31326360 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Male and female sexual dysfunction (SD) is considered a multifactorial condition. Numerous studies have shown the involvement of inflammatory processes in this pathological condition. Sexual intercourse requires healthy and functioning vessels to supply the pelvic region in both males and females, generating penile erection and clitoral and vaginal lubrication, respectively. Cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors may contribute negatively to pelvic blood flow, possibly through immune system activation. AIM The study aimed to address the correlation between vascular inflammation driven by immune system activation and SD in males and females. METHODS A literature review was performed to identify articles addressing male and female SD and vascular inflammation. Key words included "male and female sexual dysfunction," "vascular inflammation," "iliac and pudendal arteries dysfunction," "genitourinary tract," and "blood flow." MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Management of systemic and local inflammation may be a useful alternative to improve SD and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the future. RESULTS Increased levels of cytokines and chemokines have been detected in humans and animals with hypertension, obesity, and diabetic conditions. Chronic activation of the innate immune system, especially by pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns, and metabolic-related disorders may act as triggers further contributing to an increased inflammatory condition. Due to the reduced size of vessels, SD and retinal vascular impairments have been shown to be predictive factors for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, considering that blood flow to the genitalia is essential for sexual function, endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling, secondary to chronic immune system activation, may be implicated in male and female vasculogenic SD. CONCLUSIONS Several conditions appear to play a role in SD. In the present review, we have identified a role for the immune system in generating vascular and tissue impairments contributing to erectile dysfunction and female SD. Calmasini FB, Klee N, Webb RC, et al. Impact of Immune System Activation and Vascular Impairment on Male and Female Sexual Dysfunction. Sex Med Rev 2019;7:604-613.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano B Calmasini
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Deparment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nicole Klee
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Fernanda Priviero
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Jeon J, Choi S, Ha E, Lee H, Kim T, Han S, Kim H, Kim D, Kang Y, Lee K. GLP‑1 improves palmitate‑induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle via SIRT1 activity. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1161-1171. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ja Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‑E Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul 02076, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of KoreaDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul 02076, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan‑Woo Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Pentraxin 3 deficiency exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in adipose tissue. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:525-538. [PMID: 31209269 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) has been characterized as a soluble and multifunctional pattern recognition protein in the regulation of innate immune response. However, little is known about its role in adipose tissue inflammation and obesity. Herein, we investigated the role of PTX3 in the regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in adipocytes and adipose tissue, as well as high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic inflammation in obesity. METHODS Ptx3 knockdown 3T3-L1 Cells were generated using shRNA for Ptx3 gene and treated with different inflammatory stimuli. For the in vivo studies, Ptx3 knockout mice were treated with 0.3 mg/kg of LPS for 6 h. Adipose tissues were collected for gene and protein expression by qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Ptx3 knockout mice were fed with HFD for 12 week since 6 week of age. RESULTS We observed that the expression of PTX3 in adipose tissue and serum PTX3 were markedly increased in response to LPS administration. Knocking down Ptx3 in 3T3-L1 cells reduced adipogenesis and caused a more profound and sustained upregulation of proinflammatory gene expression and signaling pathway activation during LPS-stimulated inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In vivo studies showed that PTX3 deficiency significantly exacerbated the LPS-induced upregulation of inflammatory genes and downregulation of adipogeneic genes in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of mice. Accordingly, LPS stimulation elicited increased activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) signaling pathways in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The expression of PTX3 in adipose tissue was also induced by HFD, and PTX3 deficiency led to the upregulation of proinflammatory genes in visceral adipose tissue of HFD-induced obese mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a protective role of PTX3 in LPS- and HFD-induced sustained inflammation in adipose tissue.
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Yu JY, Choi WJ, Lee HS, Lee JW. Relationship between inflammatory markers and visceral obesity in obese and overweight Korean adults: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14740. [PMID: 30817629 PMCID: PMC6831265 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now considered a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. We investigated the relationship between several inflammatory markers and body composition for identifying patients with an increased risk of visceral obesity and compared the predictive values of inflammatory indices in visceral obesity.Six hundred individuals who received health checkups for obesity-related risk factors in Severance Hospital between January 2008 and March 2017 were included in our study. Serum inflammatory markers, such as white blood cell (WBC), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels were assessed. Intra-abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas were measured with computed tomography. We performed analysis of covariance, trend analysis, Steiger's Z tests, and multiple linear regression analysis to investigate associations between abdominal adiposity indices and inflammatory markers.Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a stronger association of VAT with WBC counts (r = 0.157, P < .001) than with levels of NLR (r = 0.108, P = .11; Steiger's Z test, P = .04) and PLR (r = 0.036, P = .39; Steiger's Z test, P = .003). WBC and hsCRP levels linearly increased with VAT area (overall P < .001 and trend P < .001) and VAT/SAT ratio (overall P = .001 and trend P = .002; overall P < .001 and trend P < .001, respectively) but linearly decreased with SAT (overall P = .02 and trend P = .17; overall P = .03 and trend P = .01, respectively). Visceral adipose tissue area was more highly associated with WBC and hsCRP levels than with NLR and PLR. Only VAT area was significantly associated with WBC, hsCRP, and NLR levels after adjusting for confounding variables.We found that VAT, but not SAT area is independently associated with several inflammatory markers. WBC and hsCRP are more strongly correlated with VAT compared with NLR and PLR. Thus, WBC and hsCRP could be useful parameters for identifying individuals at risk for visceral obesity and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon Yu
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital
| | - Won-Jun Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital
| | - Hye-Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital
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Herrero-Beaumont G, Pérez-Baos S, Sánchez-Pernaute O, Roman-Blas JA, Lamuedra A, Largo R. Targeting chronic innate inflammatory pathways, the main road to prevention of osteoarthritis progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:24-32. [PMID: 30825432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, subchondral bone sclerosis, and synovitis. Systemic factors such as obesity and the components of the metabolic syndrome seem to contribute to its progression. Breakdown of cartilage ensues from an altered balance between mechanical overload and its absorption by this tissue. There is in this context a status of persistent local inflammation by means of the chronic activation of innate immunity. A broad variety of danger-associated molecular patterns inside OA joint are able to activate pattern recognition receptors, mainly TLR (toll-like receptor) 2 and 4, which are overexpressed in the OA cartilage. Chronic activation of innate immune responses in chondrocytes results in a robust production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as of tissue-destructive enzymes, downstream of NF-κB and MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) dependent pathways. Besides, the toxic effects of an excess of glucose and/or fatty acids, which share the same pro-inflammatory intracellular signalling pathways, may add fuel to the fire. Not only high concentrations of glucose can render cells prone to inflammation, but also AGEs (advanced glycation end products) are integrated into the TLR signalling network through their own innate immune receptors. Considering these mechanisms, we argue for the control of both primary inflammation and proteolytic catabolism as a preventive strategy in OA, instead of focusing treatment on the enhancement of anabolic responses. Even though this approach would not return to normal already degraded cartilage, it nonetheless might avoid damage extension to the surrounding tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Pérez-Baos
- Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge A Roman-Blas
- Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lamuedra
- Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Largo
- Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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Sáez T, de Vos P, Kuipers J, Sobrevia L, Faas MM. Exosomes derived from monocytes and from endothelial cells mediate monocyte and endothelial cell activation under high d-glucose conditions. Immunobiology 2019; 224:325-333. [PMID: 30827721 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is characterized by hyperglycemia and associated with low grade inflammation affecting both endothelial cells and monocytes. Exosomes are nanovesicles, allow communication between endothelial cells and monocytes and have been associated with diabetic complications. In this study we evaluated whether high glucose can activate monocytes and endothelial cells and whether exosomes play a role in this activation. Moreover, we studied whether endothelial cells and monocytes communicate with each other via exosomes under high and basal glncubation. In the first experiment, monomac 6 cells (MM6) were exposed to high glucose (HG; 25 mmol/L) or to exosomes from MM6 exposed to HG (exoMM6-HG) or basal glucose (5.5 mmol/L) (exoMM6-BG). In the second experiment, MM6 were exposed to exosomes from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HUVECs to exosomes from MM6. In the third experiment, MM6 and HUVECs were exposed to a mixture of exosomes from MM6 and HUVECs (exoMix). Cell activation was evaluated by measuring the protein surface expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by flow cytometry. HG increased ICAM-1 expression in MM6 and monocytic exosomes from HG or BG shown similar effect in HG and BG MM6 cells. Exosomes from HUVECs increased ICAM-1 expression in MM6 cells, incubated under HG or BG, while also exosomes from MM6 increased ICAM-1 expression in HUVECs incubated under HG or BG. The combination of exosomes from both cell types (exoMixHG or exoMixBG) also increased ICAM-1 expression in both type cells in most conditions. However, the exoMixBG reversed the effect of HG in both MM6 and HUVECs. Our results show that HG activated monocytes and endothelial cells and that exosomes play a role in this HG-induced cell ICAM-1 expression. We hypothesize that during DMT2, exosomes may act as a communication mechanism between monocytes and endothelial cells, inducing and maintaining activating of both cell types in the presence of high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sáez
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kuipers
- Molecular Imaging and Electron Microscopy Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713 AZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Free Fatty Acids' Level and Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients and Association with Outcomes: A Prospective Sub-Study of PermiT Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020384. [PMID: 30781774 PMCID: PMC6412238 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical and nutritional correlates of high free fatty acids (FFAs) level in critically ill patients and the association with outcomes, and to study the effect of short-term caloric restriction (permissive underfeeding) on FFAs level during critical illness. PATIENTS/METHOD In this pre-planned sub-study of the PermiT (Permissive Underfeeding vs. Target Enteral Feeding in Adult Critically Ill Patients) trial, we included critically ill patients who were expected to stay for ≥14 days in the intensive care unit. We measured FFAs level on day 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 of enrollment. Of 70 enrolled patients, 23 (32.8%) patients had high FFAs level (baseline FFAs level >0.45 mmol/L in females and >0.6 mmol/L in males). RESULTS Patients with high FFAs level were significantly older and more likely to be females and diabetics and they had lower ratio of partial pressure of oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen, higher creatinine, and higher total cholesterol levels than those with normal FFAs level. During the study period, patients with high FFAs level had higher blood glucose and required more insulin. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, the predictors of high baseline FFAs level were diabetes (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 5.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.56, 18.43, p = 0.008) and baseline cholesterol level (aOR, 4.29; 95% CI: 11.64, 11.19, p = 0.003). Serial levels of FFAs did not differ with time between permissive underfeeding and standard feeding groups. FFAs level was not associated with 90-day mortality (aOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.09, 2.60, p = 0.40). CONCLUSION We conclude that high FFAs level in critically ill patients is associated with features of metabolic syndrome and is not affected by short-term permissive underfeeding.
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The Complex Interplay between Lipids, Immune System and Interleukins in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124058. [PMID: 30558209 PMCID: PMC6321433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids and inflammation regulate each other. Early studies on this topic focused on the systemic effects that the acute inflammatory response—and interleukins—had on lipid metabolism. Today, in the era of the obesity epidemic, whose primary complications are cardio-metabolic diseases, attention has moved to the effects that the nutritional environment and lipid derangements have on peripheral tissues, where lipotoxicity leads to organ damage through an imbalance of chronic inflammatory responses. After an overview of the effects that acute inflammation has on the systemic lipid metabolism, this review will describe the lipid-induced immune responses that take place in peripheral tissues and lead to chronic cardio-metabolic diseases. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects of lipid lowering drugs, as well as the possibility of using anti-inflammatory agents against cardio-metabolic diseases, will be discussed.
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Arias-Jayo N, Abecia L, Alonso-Sáez L, Ramirez-Garcia A, Rodriguez A, Pardo MA. High-Fat Diet Consumption Induces Microbiota Dysbiosis and Intestinal Inflammation in Zebrafish. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:1089-1101. [PMID: 29736898 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Energy-dense foods and overnutrition represent major starting points altering lipid metabolism, systemic inflammation and gut microbiota. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) over a period of 25 days on intestinal microbiota and inflammation in zebrafish. Microbial composition of HFD-fed animals was analysed and compared to controls by 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative PCR. The expression level on several genes related to inflammation was tested. Furthermore, microscopic assessment of the intestine was performed in both conditions. The consumption of the HFD resulted in microbial dysbiosis, characterised by an increase in the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Moreover, an emerging intestinal inflammation via NF-κβ activation was confirmed by the overexpression of several genes related to signalling receptors, antimicrobial metabolism and the inflammatory cascade. The intestinal barrier was also damaged, with an increase of goblet cell mucin production. This is the first study performed in zebrafish which suggests that the consumption of a diet enriched with 10% fat changes the intestinal microbial community composition, which was correlated with low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Arias-Jayo
- Food research, Azti, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160, Derio, Spain.
| | - Leticia Abecia
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Laura Alonso-Sáez
- Marine research, Azti, Txatxarramendi ugartea z/g, 48395, Txatxarramendi, Spain
| | - Andoni Ramirez-Garcia
- Departmento de Immunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alfonso Rodriguez
- St Luke's General Hospital, Freshford Road, Friarsinch, Kilkenny, R95 FY71, Ireland
| | - Miguel A Pardo
- Food research, Azti, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160, Derio, Spain
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Newcombe EA, Camats-Perna J, Silva ML, Valmas N, Huat TJ, Medeiros R. Inflammation: the link between comorbidities, genetics, and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:276. [PMID: 30249283 PMCID: PMC6154824 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, most cases of which lack a clear causative event. This has made the disease difficult to characterize and, thus, diagnose. Although some cases are genetically linked, there are many diseases and lifestyle factors that can lead to an increased risk of developing AD, including traumatic brain injury, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and other metabolic syndromes, in addition to aging. Identifying common factors and trends between these conditions could enhance our understanding of AD and lead to the development of more effective treatments. Although the immune system is one of the body’s key defense mechanisms, chronic inflammation has been increasingly linked with several age-related diseases. Moreover, it is now well accepted that chronic inflammation has an important role in the onset and progression of AD. In this review, the different inflammatory signals associated with AD and its risk factors will be outlined to demonstrate how chronic inflammation may be influencing individual susceptibility to AD. Our goal is to bring attention to potential shared signals presented by the immune system during different conditions that could lead to the development of successful treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estella A Newcombe
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Judith Camats-Perna
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Mallone L Silva
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Valmas
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Tee Jong Huat
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Stem Cell Ageing and Regenerative Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia.
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Breuker C, Amouzou C, Fabre O, Lambert K, Seyer P, Bourret A, Salehzada T, Mercier J, Sultan A, Bisbal C. Decreased RNF41 expression leads to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of obese women. Metabolism 2018; 83:81-91. [PMID: 29410345 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation contributes to obesity-associated insulin resistance in skeletal muscles (SM). TLR4 signaling involves two pathways: the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) leading to inflammatory cytokines production and the toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon (IFN) I (TRIF)-dependent pathways leading to type 1 interferon (IFNI) and interferon stimulated genes (ISG) expression. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF41 allows the preferential activation of the TRIF-IFNI pathway; however, its role in insulin response has not been reported. METHODS We measured RNF41 level and IFNI pathway activation (ISG expression) in SM biopsies of obese insulin sensitive (OIS) and obese insulin resistant (OIR) women. Then we isolated and differentiated in myotubes, primary human SM cell progenitors from OIS and OIR SM biopsies. We modulated RNF41 and ISG expression in these myotubes and investigated their effects on insulin response. RESULTS RNF41 expression is down-regulated in vivo in OIR SM and myotubes compared to OIS SM and myotubes. TLR4 activation with palmitate induces TRIF-IFNI pathway and ISG in OIS myotubes but not in OIR myotubes. Inhibition of RNF41 expression with siRNF41 in OIS myotubes treated with palmitate attenuates insulin response, IFNI pathway activation and ISG induction, mimicking OIR phenotype. Further, overexpression of RNF41 in OIR myotubes increases insulin response and ISG expression. Exposure to IFNI or to its inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, restores ISG expression and insulin sensitivity in OIR myotubes and OIS myotubes transfected with siRNF41. CONCLUSION Our results identify RNF41 as essential to IFNI pathway activation in order to maintain muscle insulin sensitivity during human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Breuker
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Cacylde Amouzou
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Odile Fabre
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Karen Lambert
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Pascal Seyer
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Annick Bourret
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Tamim Salehzada
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Jacques Mercier
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Ariane Sultan
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Bisbal
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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Lu L, Ye X, Yao Q, Lu A, Zhao Z, Ding Y, Meng C, Yu W, Du Y, Cheng J. Egr2 enhances insulin resistance via JAK2/STAT3/SOCS-1 pathway in HepG2 cells treated with palmitate. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 260:25-31. [PMID: 28842216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is generally responsible for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Early growth response proteins-2 (Egr2) has been reported to be able to increase the expression of the suppressors of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1), and impair insulin signaling pathway through suppression of insulin receptor substrates (IRS), including IRS-1 and IRS-2. However, whether Egr2 is directly involved in the development of insulin resistance, and how its potential contributions to insulin resistance still remain unknown. Here, our present investigation found that the expression levels of Egr2 were up-regulated when insulin resistance occurs, and knockdown of Egr2 abolished the effect of insulin resistance in HepG2 cells induced with palmitate (PA). Importantly, inhibition of Egr2 decreased the expression of SOCS-1 as well as reduced phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. And, our data indicated that silencing of Egr2 accelerated hepatic glucose uptake and reversed the impaired lipid metabolism upon insulin resistance. In summary, the present study confirms that Egr2 could deteriorate insulin resistance via the pathway of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS-1 and may shed light on resolving insulin resistance and further the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, No.29 Xinglong Road, 213003 Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, No.29 Xinglong Road, 213003 Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, No.29 Xinglong Road, 213003 Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijiao Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, No.29 Xinglong Road, 213003 Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, No.29 Xinglong Road, 213003 Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, No.29 Xinglong Road, 213003 Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuchen Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, No.29 Xinglong Road, 213003 Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, No.29 Xinglong Road, 213003 Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, No.29 Xinglong Road, 213003 Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - JinLuo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, No.29 Xinglong Road, 213003 Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Vangaveti V, Shashidhar V, Collier F, Hodge J, Rush C, Malabu U, Baune B, Kennedy RL. 9- and 13-HODE regulate fatty acid binding protein-4 in human macrophages, but does not involve HODE/GPR132 axis in PPAR-γ regulation of FABP4. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2018; 9:137-150. [PMID: 29796244 PMCID: PMC5958425 DOI: 10.1177/2042018818759894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both activation of monocytes and increased serum fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) occur in diabetes and are associated with increased atherosclerosis. The oxidized lipid, 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) increases FABP4 in macrophages, and is a ligand for G protein-coupled receptor 132 (GPR132). We investigated the involvement of GPR132 in mediating the 9-, 13-HODE stimulation of FABP4 secretion, and whether GPR132 expression is increased in monocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The effects of siRNA silencing of GPR132 gene and of the PPAR-γ antagonist T0070907 were studied in THP-1 cells. Serum levels of FABP4 and other adipokines were measured in patients with diabetes, and monocyte subpopulations were analyzed using flow cytometry. GPR132 mRNA was quantified in isolated CD14+ cells. RESULTS 9-HODE and 13-HODE increased FABP4 expression in THP-1 monocytes and macrophages, and also increased GPR132 expression. Silencing of GPR132 did not influence the increase in FABP4 with 9-HODE, 13-HODE, or rosiglitazone (ROSI). By contrast, T0070907 inhibited the effect of all three ligands on FABP4 expression. Diabetic subjects had increased serum FABP4, and activated monocytes. They also expressed higher levels of GPR132 mRNA in CD14+ cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that GPR132 is an independent monocyte activation marker in diabetes, but does not contribute to PPAR-γ-mediated induction of FABP4 by HODEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fiona Collier
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Hodge
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Rush
- College of Public Health, Medical & Vet Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Usman Malabu
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bernhard Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, South Australia
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Modulation of diabetes-related liver injury by the HMGB1/TLR4 inflammatory pathway. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:345-358. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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