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Martinez GJ, Kipp ZA, Lee WH, Bates EA, Morris AJ, Marino JS, Hinds TD. Glucocorticoid resistance remodels liver lipids and prompts lipogenesis, eicosanoid, and inflammatory pathways. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 173:106840. [PMID: 38830399 PMCID: PMC11199073 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the glucocorticoid receptor β (GRβ) isoform induces hepatic steatosis in mice fed a normal chow diet. The GRβ isoform inhibits the glucocorticoid-binding isoform GRα, reducing responsiveness and inducing glucocorticoid resistance. We hypothesized that GRβ regulates lipids that cause metabolic dysfunction. To determine the effect of GRβ on hepatic lipid classes and molecular species, we overexpressed GRβ (GRβ-Ad) and vector (Vec-Ad) using adenovirus delivery, as we previously described. We fed the mice a normal chow diet for 5 days and harvested the livers. We utilized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses of the livers to determine the lipid species driven by GRβ. The most significant changes in the lipidome were monoacylglycerides and cholesterol esters. There was also increased gene expression in the GRβ-Ad mice for lipogenesis, eicosanoid synthesis, and inflammatory pathways. These indicate that GRβ-induced glucocorticoid resistance may drive hepatic fat accumulation, providing new therapeutic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesee J Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zachary A Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wang-Hsin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Evelyn A Bates
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Joseph S Marino
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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2
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Jin C, Wang S, Sui X, Meng Q, Wu G. Low expression of ELOVL6 may be involved in fat loss in white adipose tissue of cancer-associated cachexia. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:144. [PMID: 38760797 PMCID: PMC11100253 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) arises from malignant tumors and leads to a debilitating wasting syndrome. In the pathophysiology of CAC, the depletion of fat plays an important role. The mechanisms of CAC-induced fat loss include the enhancement of lipolysis, inhibition of lipogenesis, and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). However, few lipid-metabolic enzymes have been reported to be involved in CAC. This study hypothesized that ELOVL6, a critical enzyme for the elongation of fatty acids, may be involved in fat loss in CAC. METHODS Transcriptome sequencing technology was used to identify CAC-related genes in the WAT of a CAC rodent model. Then, the expression level of ELOVL6 and the fatty acid composition were analyzed in a large clinical sample. Elovl6 was knocked down by siRNA in 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes to compare with wild-type 3T3-L1 cells treated with tumor cell conditioned medium. RESULTS In the WAT of patients with CAC, a significant decrease in the expression of ELOVL6 was found, which was linearly correlated with the extent of body mass reduction. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed an increase in palmitic acid (C16:0) and a decrease in linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) in these tissue samples. After treatment with tumor cell-conditioned medium, 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes showed a decrease in Elovl6 expression, and Elovl6-knockdown cells exhibited a reduction in preadipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. Similarly, the knockdown of Elovl6 in 3T3-L1 cells resulted in a significant increase in palmitic acid (C16:0) and a marked decrease in oleic acid (C18:1n-9) content. CONCLUSION Overall, the expression of ELOVL6 was decreased in the WAT of CAC patients. Decreased expression of ELOVL6 might induce fat loss in CAC patients by potentially altering the fatty acid composition of adipocytes. These findings suggest that ELOVL6 may be used as a valuable biomarker for the early diagnosis of CAC and may hold promise as a target for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangjie Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Sui
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyang Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guohao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Pinto B, Valente R, Caramelo F, Ruivo R, Castro LFC. Decay of Skin-Specific Gene Modules in Pangolins. J Mol Evol 2023:10.1007/s00239-023-10118-z. [PMID: 37249590 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian skin exhibits a rich spectrum of evolutionary adaptations. The pilosebaceous unit, composed of the hair shaft, follicle, and the sebaceous gland, is the most striking synapomorphy. The evolutionary diversification of mammals across different ecological niches was paralleled by the appearance of an ample variety of skin modifications. Pangolins, order Pholidota, exhibit keratin-derived scales, one of the most iconic skin appendages. This formidable armor is intended to serve as a deterrent against predators. Surprisingly, while pangolins have hair on their abdomens, the occurrence of sebaceous and sweat glands is contentious. Here, we explore various molecular modules of skin physiology in four pangolin genomes, including that of sebum production. We show that genes driving wax monoester formation, Awat1/2, show patterns of inactivation in the stem pangolin branch, while the triacylglycerol synthesis gene Dgat2l6 seems independently eroded in the African and Asian clades. In contrast, Elovl3 implicated in the formation of specific neutral lipids required for skin barrier function is intact and expressed in the pangolin skin. An extended comparative analysis shows that genes involved in skin pathogen defense and structural integrity of keratinocyte layers also show inactivating mutations: associated with both ancestral and independent pseudogenization events. Finally, we deduce that the suggested absence of sweat glands is not paralleled by the inactivation of the ATP-binding cassette transporter Abcc11, as previously described in Cetacea. Our findings reveal the sophisticated and complex history of gene retention and loss as key mechanisms in the evolution of the highly modified mammalian skin phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Pinto
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raul Valente
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Caramelo
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Kasano-Camones CI, Takizawa M, Ohshima N, Saito C, Iwasaki W, Nakagawa Y, Fujitani Y, Yoshida R, Saito Y, Izumi T, Terawaki SI, Sakaguchi M, Gonzalez FJ, Inoue Y. PPARα activation partially drives NAFLD development in liver-specific Hnf4a-null mice. J Biochem 2023; 173:393-411. [PMID: 36779417 PMCID: PMC10433406 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
HNF4α regulates various genes to maintain liver function. There have been reports linking HNF4α expression to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this study, liver-specific Hnf4a-deficient mice (Hnf4aΔHep mice) developed hepatosteatosis and liver fibrosis, and they were found to have difficulty utilizing glucose. In Hnf4aΔHep mice, the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes, which are PPARα target genes, was increased in contrast to the decreased expression of PPARα, suggesting that Hnf4aΔHep mice take up more lipids in the liver instead of glucose. Furthermore, Hnf4aΔHep/Ppara-/- mice, which are simultaneously deficient in HNF4α and PPARα, showed improved hepatosteatosis and fibrosis. Increased C18:1 and C18:1/C18:0 ratio was observed in the livers of Hnf4aΔHep mice, and the transactivation of PPARα target gene was induced by C18:1. When the C18:1/C18:0 ratio was close to that of Hnf4aΔHep mouse liver, a significant increase in transactivation was observed. In addition, the expression of Pgc1a, a coactivator of PPARs, was increased, suggesting that elevated C18:1 and Pgc1a expression could contribute to PPARα activation in Hnf4aΔHep mice. These insights may contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for NAFLD by focusing on the HNF4α and PPARα signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ichiro Kasano-Camones
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takizawa
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Saito
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Wakana Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshida
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Saito
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Terawaki
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Gunma University Center for Food Science and Wellness, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
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5
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Wu Q, Shi D, Dong T, Zhang Z, Ou Q, Fang Y, Zhang C. Serum Saturated Fatty Acids including Very Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids and Colorectal Cancer Risk among Chinese Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081917. [PMID: 37111137 PMCID: PMC10141165 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) including very long-chain SFAs (VLCSFAs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has not been clearly established. To investigate the association between serum SFAs and CRC risk in Chinese population, 680 CRC cases and 680 sex and age-matched (5-year interval) controls were recruited in our study. Serum levels of SFAs were detected by gas chromatography. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between serum SFAs and CRC risk. Results showed that total SFAs were positively associated with the risk of CRC (adjusted OR quartile 4 vs. 1 = 2.64, 95%CI: 1.47-4.74). However, VLCSFAs were inversely associated with CRC risk (adjusted OR quartile 4 vs. 1 = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.36-0.72). Specifically, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, and arachidic acid were positively associated with CRC risk, while behenic acid and lignoceric acid were inversely associated with CRC risk. This study indicates that higher levels of total serum SFAs and lower levels of serum VLCSFAs were associated with an increased risk of CRC in Chinese population. To reduce the risk of CRC, we recommend reducing the intake of foods containing palmitic acid and heptadecanoic acid such as animal products and dairy products, and moderately increasing the intake of foods containing VLCSFAs such as peanuts and canola oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ting Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhuolin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yujing Fang
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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6
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Qin Z, Wang P, Chen W, Wang JR, Ma X, Zhang H, Zhang WJ, Wei C. Hepatic ELOVL3 is dispensable for lipid metabolism in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 658:128-135. [PMID: 37030067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Very long-chain fatty acid elongase 3 (ELOVL3) catalyzes the synthesis of C20-C24 fatty acids and is highly expressed in the liver and adipose tissues. The deficiency of Elovl3 exhibits an anti-obesity effect in mice, but the specific role of hepatic ELOVL3 in lipid metabolism remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that hepatic Elovl3 is not required for lipid homeostasis or the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. We generated Elovl3 liver-specific knockout mice via Cre/LoxP approach, which maintained normal expression of ELOVL1 or ELOVL7 in the liver. Unexpectedly, the mutant mice did not show significant abnormalities in body weight, liver mass and morphology, liver triglyceride content, or glucose tolerance when fed normal chow or even a low-fat diet. Moreover, deletion of hepatic Elovl3 did not significantly affect body weight gain or hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet. Lipidomic analysis revealed that the lipid profiles were not significantly altered by the loss of hepatic Elovl3. Unlike its global knockouts, the mice lacking Elovl3 specifically in liver displayed normal expression of genes involved in hepatic de novo lipogenesis, lipid uptake, or beta-oxidation at the mRNA and protein levels. Collectively, our data indicate that hepatic ELOVL3 is dispensable for metabolic homeostasis or diet-induced metabolic disease.
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7
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Lauer AA, Nguyen VTT, Janitschke D, dos Santos Guilherme M, Bachmann CM, Grimm HS, Hartmann T, Endres K, Grimm MOW. The Influence of Acitretin on Brain Lipidomics in Adolescent Mice-Implications for Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatological Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415535. [PMID: 36555176 PMCID: PMC9778912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of systemic retinoids such as acitretin has not been approved yet for pediatric patients. An adverse event of retinoid-therapy that occurs with lower prevalence in children than in adults is hyperlipidemia. This might be based on the lack of comorbidities in young patients, but must not be neglected. Especially for the development of the human brain up to young adulthood, dysbalance of lipids might be deleterious. Here, we provide for the first time an in-depth analysis of the influence of subchronic acitretin-administration on lipid composition of brain parenchyma of young wild type mice. For comparison and to evaluate the systemic effect of the treatment, liver lipids were analogously investigated. As expected, triglycerides increased in liver as well as in brain and a non-significant increase in cholesterol was observed. However, specifically brain showed an increase in lyso-phosphatidylcholine and carnitine as well as in sphingomyelin. Group analysis of lipid classes revealed no statistical effects, while single species were tissue-dependently changed: effects in brain were in general more subtly as compared to those in liver regarding the mere number of changed lipid species. Thus, while the overall impact of acitretin seems comparably small regarding brain, the change in individual species and their role in brain development and maturation has to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Lauer
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Vu Thu Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Janitschke
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Malena dos Santos Guilherme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cornel M. Bachmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Heike S. Grimm
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.E.); (M.O.W.G.); Tel.: +49-6131-17-2133 (K.E.); +49-6841-1647927 (M.O.G.)
| | - Marcus O. W. Grimm
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.E.); (M.O.W.G.); Tel.: +49-6131-17-2133 (K.E.); +49-6841-1647927 (M.O.G.)
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8
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Targeting ABCC6 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Impairment of Mature Adipocyte Lipid Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169218. [PMID: 36012482 PMCID: PMC9409192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ABCC6, an ATP-binding cassette transporter with a so far unknown substrate mainly expressed in the liver and kidney, cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). Symptoms of PXE in patients originate from the calcification of elastic fibers in the skin, eye, and vessels. Previous studies suggested an involvement of ABCC6 in cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. The intention of this study was to examine the influence of ABCC6 deficiency during adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hMSCs). Induction of adipogenic differentiation goes along with significantly elevated ABCC6 gene expression in mature adipocytes. We generated an ABCC6-deficient cell culture model using clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat Cas9 (CRISPR–Cas9) system to clarify the role of ABCC6 in lipid homeostasis. The lack of ABCC6 in hMSCs does not influence gene expression of differentiation markers in adipogenesis but results in a decreased triglyceride content in cell culture medium. Protein and gene expression analysis of mature ABCC6-deficient adipocytes showed diminished intra- and extra-cellular lipolysis, release of lipids, and fatty acid neogenesis. Therefore, our results demonstrate impaired lipid trafficking in adipocytes due to ABCC6 deficiency, highlighting adipose tissue and peripheral lipid metabolism as a relevant target for uncovering systemic PXE pathogenesis.
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9
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Liu X, Fan W, Zhang X, Zhan S, Zhong T, Guo J, Wang Y, Cao J, Li L, Zhang H, Wang L. Maternal L-carnitine supplementation promotes brown adipose tissue thermogenesis of newborn goats after cold exposure. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22461. [PMID: 35838582 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200637r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important component of energy expenditure and necessary to maintain body temperature for newborn mammals. In the previous study, we found that L-carnitine was enriched in BAT and promoted BAT adipogenesis and thermogenesis in goat brown adipocytes. However, whether dietary L-carnitine regulates BAT heat production and energy expenditure in lambs remains unclear. In this study, maternal L-carnitine supplementation elevated the rectal temperature, as well as the expression of UCP1 and mitochondrial DNA content to promote BAT thermogenesis in newborn goats. Moreover, maternal L-carnitine supplementation increased the levels of triglycerides (TG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and lactate in plasma, as well as the content of lipid droplet and glycogen in BAT of newborn goats. Lipidomic analysis showed that maternal L-carnitine supplementation remodeled the lipid composition of BAT in newborn goats. L-carnitine significantly increased the levels of TG and diglyceride (DG) and decreased the levels of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in BAT. Further studies showed that L-carnitine promoted TG and glycogen deposition in brown adipocytes through AMPKα. Our results indicate that maternal L-carnitine supplementation promotes BAT development and thermogenesis in newborn goats and provides new evidence for newborn goats to maintain body temperature in response to cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Fan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xujia Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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10
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Morimoto A, Fukuda K, Ito Y, Tahara U, Sasaki T, Shiohama A, Kawasaki H, Kawakami E, Naganuma T, Arita M, Sasaki H, Koseki H, Matsui T, Amagai M. Microbiota-Independent Spontaneous Dermatitis Associated With Increased Sebaceous Lipid Production in Tmem79-Deficient Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2864-2872.e6. [PMID: 35752300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TMEM79 is a predisposing gene for atopic dermatitis (AD). Tmem79-deficient mice develop spontaneous dermatitis in a biphasic pattern. The 1st-phase dermatitis is unique, as it occurs independent of microbiota status, whereas the 2nd-phase dermatitis is microbiota-dependent. In this study, we sought to identify key factors mediating the development of 1st-phase dermatitis. Structural analysis showed that sebaceous gland hyperplasia started from 1st-phase dermatitis. Longitudinal RNA-sequencing analysis revealed significant activation of fatty acid lipid-metabolism pathways in 1st-phase dermatitis, whereas Th17-based immune response genes were highly expressed in 2nd-phase dermatitis. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that genes involved in fatty acid elongation and sebocyte differentiation were upregulated in 1st-phase dermatitis. The results of thin-layer chromatography supported these findings with an increased abundance of wax esters, cholesterol esters, and fatty alcohols in hair lipids. Further gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed an increase in total fatty acid production, including that of elongated C20-24 saturated and C18-24 mono-unsaturated fatty acids. Collectively, these results suggest that aberrant production of sebaceous long-chain fatty acids is associated with microbiota-independent dermatitis. Further investigation of Tmem79-deficient mice may clarify the role of certain fatty acids in dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Morimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keitaro Fukuda
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Umi Tahara
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiko Shiohama
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Yokohama, Japan; Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Naganuma
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tokyo Professional University of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsui
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Laboratory for Evolutionary Cell Biology of the Skin, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
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11
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Qian N, Li S, Tan X. The curious case of TMEM120A: Mechanosensor, fat regulator, or antiviral defender? Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200045. [PMID: 35419854 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical pain sensing, adipogenesis, and STING-dependent innate immunity seem three distinct biological processes without substantial relationships. Intriguingly, TMEM120A, a transmembrane protein, has been shown to detect mechanical pain stimuli as a mechanosensitive channel, contribute to adipocyte differentiation/function by regulating genome organization and promote STING trafficking to active cellular innate immune response. However, the role of TMEM120A as a mechanosensitive channel was challenged by recent studies which cannot reproduce data supporting its role in mechanosensing. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism by which TMEM120A contributes to adipocyte differentiation/function and promotes STING trafficking remains elusive. In this review, we discuss these multiple proposed functions of TMEM120A and hypothesize the molecular mechanism underlying TMEM120A's role in fatty acid metabolism and STING signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianchao Qian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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12
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Gandra RLDP, Zuin JC, Moreira DKT, Fernandes ACF, Gambero A, Ribeiro APB, Macedo GA, Macedo JA. Production and characterization of nanoemulsion with low-calorie structured lipids and its potential to modulate biomarkers associated with obesity and comorbidities. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110782. [PMID: 34865797 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Structured lipids (SL) containing behenic acid have been produced in order to obtain low-calorie lipids for foods; however, the development of a high nutritional value and a stable nanoemulsion carrier system for these SL is an interesting breakthrough for this field of research, improving technologic and biological potential for food application. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of a nanoemulsion containing SL NeSL (produced with olive oil, soybean oil and fully hydrogenated crambe oil), the behavior during in vitro digestion and the effects on biomarkers involved in the obesity in cell models. The samples showed good stability throughout storage (30 days) under refrigeration and room temperature and after the gastric digestion phase compared to the controls (nanoemulsion of olive and soybean oil). After the intestinal phase, there was an increase in oil droplet size and zeta potential, a characteristic of coalescence. In the lipid accumulation model in adipocytes, the highest concentration (50 µL/mL) of NeSL resulted in 42% less lipid accumulation, compared to the control. Furthermore, the sample was able to reduce inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages provoked by LPS (lipopolysaccharide). The combination of the oils in NeSL resulted in a fatty acid profile with beneficial health properties, which may have contributed to less lipid accumulation and improved inflammatory parameters. This SL in the form of a nanoemulsion, may be used as a partial fat substitute in low-calorie food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Luana de Pádua Gandra
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato St. 80, zip code: 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julia Cristina Zuin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato St. 80, zip code: 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Kono Taketa Moreira
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal Institute of Brasilia, Lote 01, DF 480, multiple activities sector, zipe code, 72429-005 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Annayara Celestina Ferreira Fernandes
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato St. 80, zip code: 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Gambero
- Life Science Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, John Boyd Dunlop, S/N, zip code: 13034-685, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato street, 80, zip code: 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Alves Macedo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato St. 80, zip code: 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves Macedo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato St. 80, zip code: 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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13
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Xu C, Fu Y, Liu S, Trittipo J, Lu X, Qi R, Du H, Yan C, Zhang C, Wan J, Kaplan MH, Yang K. BATF Regulates T Regulatory Cell Functional Specification and Fitness of Triglyceride Metabolism in Restraining Allergic Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2088-2100. [PMID: 33879580 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Preserving appropriate function and metabolism in regulatory T (Treg) cells is crucial for controlling immune tolerance and inflammatory responses. Yet how Treg cells coordinate cellular metabolic programs to support their functional specification remains elusive. In this study, we report that BATF couples the TH2-suppressive function and triglyceride (TG) metabolism in Treg cells for controlling allergic airway inflammation and IgE responses. Mice with Treg-specific ablation of BATF developed an inflammatory disorder characterized by TH2-type dominant responses and were predisposed to house dust mite-induced airway inflammation. Loss of BATF enabled Treg cells to acquire TH2 cell-like characteristics. Moreover, BATF-deficient Treg cells displayed elevated levels of cellular TGs, and repressing or elevating TGs, respectively, restored or exacerbated their defects. Mechanistically, TCR/CD28 costimulation enhanced expression and function of BATF, which sustained IRF4 activity to preserve Treg cell functionality. Thus, our studies reveal that BATF links Treg cell functional specification and fitness of cellular TGs to control allergic responses, and suggest that therapeutic targeting of TG metabolism could be used for the treatment of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxian Xu
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yongyao Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sheng Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jack Trittipo
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Rong Qi
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN; and
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Chi Zhang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jun Wan
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kai Yang
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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14
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Cheng Y, Gan-Schreier H, Seeßle J, Staffer S, Tuma-Kellner S, Khnykin D, Stremmel W, Merle U, Herrmann T, Chamulitrat W. Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Diet Enhances Adipose Lipolysis and Leptin Release in aP2-Cre Fatp4-Knockout Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000361. [PMID: 32991778 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Inadequate intake of choline commonly leads to liver diseases. Methionine- and choline-deficient diets (MCDD) induce fatty liver in mice which is partly mediated by triglyceride (TG) lipolysis in white adipose tissues (WATs). Because Fatp4 knockdown has been shown to increase adipocyte lipolysis in vitro, here, the effects of MCDD on WAT lipolysis in aP2-Cre Fatp4-knockout (Fatp4A-/- ) mice are determined. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated WATs of Fatp4A-/- mice exposed to MCD medium show an increase in lipolysis, and the strongest effect is noted on glycerol release from subcutaneous fat. Fatp4A-/- mice fed with MCDD for 4 weeks show an increase in serum glycerol, TG, and leptin levels associated with the activation of hormone-sensitive lipase in subcutaneous fat. Chow-fed Fatp4A-/- mice also show an increase in serum leptin and very-low-density lipoproteins as well as liver phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin levels. Both chow- and MCDD-fed Fatp4A-/- mice show a decrease in serum ketone and WAT sphingomyelin levels which supports a metabolic shift to TG for subsequent WAT lipolysis CONCLUSIONS: Adipose Fatp4 deficiency leads to TG lipolysis and leptin release, which are exaggerated by MCDD. The data imply hyperlipidemia risk by a low dietary choline intake and gene mutations that increase adipose TG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongying Gan-Schreier
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Seeßle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Staffer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology and Center for Immune Regulation, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Westkuesten Hospital, Esmarchstraße 50, 25746, Heide, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Ketones Elicit Distinct Alterations in Adipose Mitochondrial Bioenergetics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176255. [PMID: 32872407 PMCID: PMC7503338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The rampant growth of obesity worldwide has stimulated explosive research into human metabolism. Energy expenditure has been shown to be altered by diets differing in macronutrient composition, with low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diets eliciting a significant increase over other interventions. The central aim of this study was to explore the effects of the ketone β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) on mitochondrial bioenergetics in adipose tissue. Methods: We employed three distinct systems—namely, cell, rodent, and human models. Following exposure to elevated βHB, we obtained adipose tissue to quantify mitochondrial function. Results: In every model, βHB robustly increased mitochondrial respiration, including an increase of roughly 91% in cultured adipocytes, 113% in rodent subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and 128% in human SAT. However, this occurred without a commensurate increase in adipose ATP production. Furthermore, in cultured adipocytes and rodent adipose, we quantified and observed an increase in the gene expression involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and uncoupling status following βHB exposure. Conclusions: In conclusion, βHB increases mitochondrial respiration, but not ATP production, in mammalian adipocytes, indicating altered mitochondrial coupling. These findings may partly explain the increased metabolic rate evident in states of elevated ketones, and may facilitate the development of novel anti-obesity interventions.
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16
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Promotion of lipogenesis by PPARγ-activated FXR expression in adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Mathias LS, Rodrigues BM, Gonçalves BM, Moretto FCF, Olimpio RMC, Deprá I, De Sibio MT, Tilli HP, Nogueira CR, de Oliveira M. Triiodothyronine activated extranuclear pathways upregulate adiponectin and leptin in murine adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 503:110690. [PMID: 31874199 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin and leptin, important for metabolic regulation, are synthesized and secreted by adipose tissue and are influenced by triiodothyronine (T3) that activates the MAPK/ERK and integrin αVβ3 pathways, modulating gene expression. Adipocytes were treated with T3 (10 nM), for 1 h, in the absence or presence of PD98059 (PD) and tetraiodothyroacetic acid (Tetrac), which are pathways inhibitors. The cells were incubated with Adipo Red/Oil Red O reagents, and intracellular lipid accumulation [glycerol and triacylglycerol (TAG)], MTT, 8-hydroxideoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and mRNA and protein expression were assessed. T3 increased leptin mRNA and protein expression, and, in contrast, there was a decrease in the Tetrac + T3 group. Adiponectin mRNA expression was not altered by T3, though it had increased its protein expression, which was terminated by inhibitors PD + T3 and Tetrac + T3. However, T3 did not alter PPARγ protein expression, lipid accumulation, TAG, glycerol, and DNA damage, but PD + T3 and Tetrac + T3 reduced these parameters. T3 activated the MAPK/ERK pathway on adipocytes to modulate the adiponectin protein expression and integrin αvβ3 to alter the leptin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Solla Mathias
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Deprá
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Paim Tilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriane de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Goracci L, Valeri A, Sciabola S, Aleo MD, Moritz W, Lichtenberg J, Cruciani G. A Novel Lipidomics-Based Approach to Evaluating the Risk of Clinical Hepatotoxicity Potential of Drugs in 3D Human Microtissues. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:258-270. [PMID: 31820940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The importance of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis is expected to grow substantially due to recent failures in detecting severe toxicity issues of new chemical entities during preclinical/clinical development. Traditionally, safety risk assessment studies for humans have been conducted in animals during advanced preclinical or clinical phase of drug development. However, potential drug toxicity in humans now needs to be detected in the drug discovery process as soon as possible without reliance on animal studies. The "omics", such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have recently entered pharmaceutical research in both drug discovery and drug development, but to the best of our knowledge, no applications in high-throughput safety risk assessment have been attempted so far. This paper reports an innovative method to anticipate adverse drug effects in an early discovery phase based on lipid fingerprints using human three-dimensional microtissues. The risk of clinical hepatotoxicity potential was evaluated for a data set of 22 drugs belonging to five different therapeutic chemical classes and with various drug-induced liver injury effect. The treatment of microtissues with repeated doses of each drug allowed collecting lipid fingerprints for five time points (2, 4, 7, 9, and 11 days), and multivariate statistical analysis was applied to search for correlations with the hepatotoxic effect. The method allowed clustering of the drugs based on their hepatotoxic effect, and the observed lipid impairments for a number of drugs was confirmed by literature sources. Compared to traditional screening methods, here multiple interconnected variables (lipids) are measured simultaneously, providing a snapshot of the cellular status from the lipid perspective at a molecular level. Applied here to hepatotoxicity, the proposed workflow can be applied to several tissues, being tridimensional microtissues from various origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , Perugia 06123 , Italy
| | | | - Simone Sciabola
- Medicinal Chemistry , Biogen , 115 Broadway Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Michael D Aleo
- Drug Safety R&D , Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | | | | | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , Perugia 06123 , Italy
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19
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Seah JYH, Ong CN, Koh WP, Yuan JM, van Dam RM. A Dietary Pattern Derived from Reduced Rank Regression and Fatty Acid Biomarkers Is Associated with Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease in Chinese Adults. J Nutr 2019; 149:2001-2010. [PMID: 31386157 PMCID: PMC6825830 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combinations of circulating fatty acids may affect the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary artery disease (CAD). No previous studies have identified a dietary pattern predicting fatty acid profiles using reduced rank regression (RRR) and evaluated its associations with the risk of T2D and CAD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to derive a dietary pattern to explain variation in plasma fatty acid concentrations using RRR and evaluate these in relation to risk of T2D and CAD. METHODS We derived a dietary pattern using fatty acid concentrations from 711 controls of a nested case-control study in the Singapore Chinese Health Study using RRR with 36 food and beverages as predictors and 19 fatty acid biomarkers as responses. Dietary pattern scores were then calculated for the full cohort of men and women (mean age: 56 y). We followed up 45,411 and 58,065 participants for incident T2D and CAD mortality, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs. RESULTS We identified a dietary pattern high in soy, vegetables, fruits, tea, tomato products, bread, fish, margarine and dairy, and low in rice, red meat, coffee, alcohol, sugar-sweetened beverages, and eggs. This pattern predicted higher circulating n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs (18:3n-3, 20:3n-3, 20:5n-3), odd-chain fatty acids (15:0, 17:0), 18:2n-6 and 20:1, and lower 20:4n-6 and 16:1. During a mean follow-up of 11 y and 19 y, 5207 T2D and 3016 CAD mortality events, respectively, were identified. Higher dietary pattern scores were associated with a lower risk of T2D [multivariable-adjusted HR comparing extreme quintiles, 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.95); P-trend <0.001] and CAD mortality [HR, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.86); P-trend <0.001]. CONCLUSIONS Dietary patterns reflecting higher circulating n-3 PUFAs, odd-chain fatty acids, and linoleic acid may be associated with lower T2D and CAD risk in Chinese adults. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03356340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jowy Y H Seah
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, NUS, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, NUS, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS and National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Yang Y, Liu L, Li M, Cheng X, Fang M, Zeng Q, Xu Y. The chromatin remodeling protein BRG1 links ELOVL3 trans-activation to prostate cancer metastasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:834-845. [PMID: 31154107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer malignancies are intimately correlated with deregulated fatty acid metabolism. The underlying epigenetic mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study we investigated the mechanism whereby the chromatin remodeling protein BRG1 regulates the transcription of long-chain fatty acid elongase 3 (Elovl3) in prostate cancer cells. We report that in response to pro-metastatic cues (androgen and TGF-β) BRG1 expression was up-regulated along with Elvol3 in prostate cancer cells. BRG1 over-expression potentiated whereas BRG1 knockdown attenuated prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. Coincidently, Elovl3 was up-regulated following BRG1 over-expression and down-regulated after BRG1 knockdown in prostate cancer cells. Further analysis revealed that BRG1 interacted with and was recruited by retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (RORγ) to the Elovl3 promoter to activate transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) profiling demonstrated that BRG1 interacted with histone acetyltransferase p300 to activate Elovl3 transcription. Depletion of p300 by siRNA or inhibition of p300 by curcumin attenuated Elovl3 trans-activation in prostate cancer cells. Together, our data identify a novel epigenetic pathway that links Elovl3 transcription to prostate cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Center for Male Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Cheng
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingming Fang
- Center for Male Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqi Zeng
- Center for Male Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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21
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Chen H, Gao L, Yang D, Xiao Y, Zhang M, Li C, Wang A, Jin Y. Coordination between the circadian clock and androgen signaling is required to sustain rhythmic expression of Elovl3 in mouse liver. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7046-7056. [PMID: 30862677 PMCID: PMC6497949 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ELOVL3 is a very long-chain fatty acid elongase, and its mRNA levels display diurnal rhythmic changes exclusively in adult male mouse livers. This cyclical expression of hepatic Elovl3 is potentially controlled by the circadian clock, related hormones, and transcriptional factors. It remains unknown, however, whether the circadian clock, in conjunction with androgen signaling, functions in maintaining the rhythmic expression of Elovl3 in a sexually dimorphic manner. Under either zeitgeber or circadian time, WT mouse livers exhibited a robust circadian rhythmicity in the expression of circadian clock genes and Elovl3 In contrast, male Bmal1-/- mice displayed severely weakened expression of hepatic circadian clock genes, resulting in relatively high, but nonrhythmic, Elovl3 expression levels. ChIP assays revealed that NR1D1 binds to the Elovl3 promoter upon circadian change in WT mouse livers in vivo, and a diminished binding was observed in male Bmal1-/- mouse livers. Additionally, female mouse livers exhibited constant low levels of Elovl3 expression. Castration markedly reduced Elovl3 expression levels in male mouse livers but did not disrupt circadian variation of Elovl3 Injection of female mice with 5α-dihydrotestosterone induced Elovl3 rhythmicity in the liver. In AML12 cells, 5α-dihydrotestosterone also elevated Elovl3 expression in a time-dependent manner. In contrast, flutamide efficiently attenuated this induction effect. In conclusion, a lack of either the circadian clock or androgen signaling impairs hepatic Elovl3 expression, highlighting the observation that coordination between the circadian clock and androgen signaling is required to sustain the rhythmic expression of Elovl3 in mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatao Chen
- From the Departments of Clinical Veterinary Medicine and
- the Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Gao
- From the Departments of Clinical Veterinary Medicine and
- the Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Yang
- From the Departments of Clinical Veterinary Medicine and
- the Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaoyao Xiao
- From the Departments of Clinical Veterinary Medicine and
- the Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Manhui Zhang
- From the Departments of Clinical Veterinary Medicine and
- the Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Cuimei Li
- From the Departments of Clinical Veterinary Medicine and
- the Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- the Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Yaping Jin
- From the Departments of Clinical Veterinary Medicine and
- the Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
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22
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Chiu YH, Bertrand KA, Zhang S, Laden F, Epstein MM, Rosner BA, Chiuve S, Campos H, Giovannucci EL, Chavarro JE, Birmann BM. A prospective analysis of circulating saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1914-1922. [PMID: 29756258 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Circulating saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), which are predominantly derived from endogenous metabolism, may influence non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk by modulating inflammation or lymphocyte membrane stability. However, few biomarker studies have evaluated NHL risk associated with these fats. We conducted a prospective study of 583 incident NHL cases and 583 individually matched controls with archived pre-diagnosis red blood cell (RBC) specimens in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). RBC membrane fatty acid levels were measured using gas chromatography. Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of NHL and major NHL subtypes including T cell NHL (T-NHL), B cell NHL (B-NHL) and three individual B-NHLs: chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma. RBC SFA and MUFA levels were not associated with NHL risk overall. However, RBC very long chain SFA levels (VLCSFA; 20:0, 22:0, 23:0) were inversely associated with B-NHLs other than CLL/SLL; ORs (95% CIs) per standard deviation (SD) increase in level were 0.81 (0.70, 0.95) for 20:0, 0.82 (0.70, 0.95) for 22:0 and 0.82 (0.70, 0.96) for 23:0 VLCSFA. Also, both VLCSFA and MUFA levels were inversely associated with T-NHL [ORs (95% CIs) per SD: VLCSFA, 0.63 (0.40, 0.99); MUFA, 0.63 (0.40, 0.99)]. The findings of inverse associations for VLCSFAs with B-NHLs other than CLL/SLL and for VLCSFA and MUFA with T-NHL suggest an influence of fatty acid metabolism on lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Shumin Zhang
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mara M Epstein
- Department of Medicine and the Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie Chiuve
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,AbbVie Pharmaceuticals, North Chicago, IL
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Nutrición Translacional y Salud, Universidad Hispanoamericana, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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23
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Xu L, Ma X, Verma NK, Wang D, Gavrilova O, Proia RL, Finkel T, Mueller E. Ablation of PPARγ in subcutaneous fat exacerbates age-associated obesity and metabolic decline. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29383825 PMCID: PMC5847881 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that aging is associated with metabolic dysfunction such as increased adiposity and impaired energy dissipation; however, the transcriptional mechanisms regulating energy balance during late life stages have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we show that ablation of the nuclear receptor PPARγ specifically in inguinal fat tissue in aging mice is associated with increased fat tissue expansion and insulin resistance. These metabolic effects are accompanied by decreased thermogenesis, reduced levels of brown fat genes, and browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Comparative studies of the effects of PPARγ downregulation in young and mid‐aged mice demonstrate a preferential regulation of brown fat gene programs in inguinal fat in an age‐dependent manner. In conclusion, our study uncovers an essential role for PPARγ in maintaining energy expenditure during the aging process and suggests the possibility of targeting PPARγ to counteract age‐associated metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Xu
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch; NIDDK; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch; NIDDK; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Narendra Kumar Verma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism; New York University; New York NY USA
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch; NIDDK; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core; NIDDK; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Richard L. Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch; NIDDK; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine; NHLBI; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Elisabetta Mueller
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch; NIDDK; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism; New York University; New York NY USA
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24
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Viterbo VS, Lopez BIM, Kang H, Kim H, Song CW, Seo KS. Genome wide association study of fatty acid composition in Duroc swine. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [PMID: 29514447 PMCID: PMC6043425 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Genome wide association study was conducted to identify and validate candidate genes associated with fatty acid composition of pork. Methods A total of 480 purebreed Duroc pigs were genotyped using IlluminaPorcine60k bead chips while the association test was implemented following genome-wide rapid association using Mixed Model and Regression-Genomic Control (GRAMMAR-GC) approach. Results A total of 25, 29, and 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1) and saturated fatty acids (SFA), respectively. Genome wide significant variants were located on the same region of swine chromosome 14 (SSC14) that spanned from 120 to 124 Mb. Top SNP ALGA008191 was located at 5 kb near the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene. This gene is directly involved in desaturation of stearic acid into oleic acid. General relationship of significant SNPs showed high linkage disequilibrium thus genome-wide signals was attributed to SCD gene. However, understanding the role of other genes like elongation of very long chain fatty acids-3 (ELOVL3) located on this chromosomal segment might help in further understanding of metabolism and biosynthesis of fatty acids. Conclusion Overall, this study provides evidence that validates SCD gene as strong candidate gene associated with fatty acid composition in Duroc pigs. Moreover, this study confirms significant SNPs near ELOVL3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Viterbo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.,Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muńoz, 3120, Philippines
| | - Bryan Irvine M Lopez
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Hyunsung Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Hoonseop Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Choul-Won Song
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Kang Seok Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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25
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Berdyshev E, Goleva E, Bronova I, Dyjack N, Rios C, Jung J, Taylor P, Jeong M, Hall CF, Richers BN, Norquest KA, Zheng T, Seibold MA, Leung DY. Lipid abnormalities in atopic skin are driven by type 2 cytokines. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98006. [PMID: 29467325 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids in the stratum corneum of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients differ substantially in composition from healthy subjects. We hypothesized that hyperactivated type 2 immune response alters AD skin lipid metabolism. We have analyzed stratum corneum lipids from nonlesional and lesional skin of AD subjects and IL-13 skin-specific Tg mice. We also directly examined the effects of IL-4/IL-13 on human keratinocytes in vitro. Mass spectrometric analysis of lesional stratum corneum from AD subjects and IL-13 Tg mice revealed an increased proportion of short-chain (N-14:0 to N-24:0) NS ceramides, sphingomyelins, and 14:0-22:0 lysophosphatidylcholines (14:0-22:0 LPC) with a simultaneous decline in the proportion of corresponding long-chain species (N-26:0 to N-32:0 sphingolipids and 24:0-30:0 LPC) when compared with healthy controls. An increase in short-chain LPC species was also observed in nonlesional AD skin. Similar changes were observed in IL-4/IL-13-driven responses in Ca2+-differentiated human keratinocytes in vitro, all being blocked by STAT6 silencing with siRNA. RNA sequencing analysis performed on stratum corneum of AD as compared with healthy subjects identified decreased expression of fatty acid elongases ELOVL3 and ELOVL6 that contributed to observed changes in atopic skin lipids. IL-4/IL-13 also inhibited ELOVL3 and ELOVL6 expression in keratinocyte cultures in a STAT6-dependent manner. Downregulation of ELOVL3/ELOVL6 expression in keratinocytes by siRNA decreased the proportion of long-chain fatty acids globally and in sphingolipids. Thus, our data strongly support the pathogenic role of type 2 immune activation in AD skin lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nathan Dyjack
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Cydney Rios
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | | | | | - Mingeum Jeong
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tao Zheng
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Max A Seibold
- Department of Pediatrics, and.,Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Donald Ym Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
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26
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Suppression of Fatty Acid and Triglyceride Synthesis by the Flavonoid Orientin through Decrease of C/EBPδ Expression and Inhibition of PI3K/Akt-FOXO1 Signaling in Adipocytes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020130. [PMID: 29373533 PMCID: PMC5852706 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant flavonoids have a variety of biological properties. In a previous study, we found that the tea of the Asian dayflower, Commelina communis L., decreased the body weight gain in high-fat diet-fed mice. In this study, we studied the anti-adipogenic ability of a flavonoid orientin that is found in abundance in C. communis. Orientin repressed the accumulation of intracellular triglyceride (TG) in mouse adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. The treatment with orientin also decreased the mRNA levels of the genes involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and TG synthesis, and reduced the release of glycerol. Orientin lowered the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) δ in the early stage of adipogenesis, leading to a decrease in the expression of the adipogenic master transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and C/EBPα. Moreover, the anti-adipogenic effect of orientin repressed the phosphorylation of Akt and subsequent phosphorylation of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), which inhibits the transcription of the Ppar gene. These results indicate that a plant flavonoid orientin suppressed the expression of the Pparγ gene through repression of C/ebpδ expression and inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase /Akt-FOXO1 signaling in adipocytes.
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27
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Liu D, Xu JH, Tong HL, Li SF, Yan YQ. Effect of ELOVL3 expression on bovine skeletal muscle-derived satellite cell differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1457-1463. [PMID: 28780350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ELOVL3 is involved in elongating saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and is a critical enzyme for lipid accumulation in brown adipocytes during the early phase of tissue recruitment. In addition, ELOVL3 is related to increased fatty acid oxidation in brown adipocytes. However, the potential functions of ELOVL3 in bovine cells remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the effect of the ELOVL3 on the differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells (MDSCs). Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were used for elucidating ELOVL3 expression pattern in bovine MDSCs during differentiation in vitro. We activated or inhibited ELOVL3 to study the effect of alterations in its expression on in vitro differentiation of bovine MDSCs. ELOVL3 expression increased gradually during bovine MDSC differentiation, and its levels were higher in the more highly differentiated myotubes. Activation of ELOVL3 promoted MDSC differentiation, while inhibition of ELOVL3 hindered differentiation of these cells. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the importance of ELOVL3 during bovine MDSC differentiation, which may assist in increasing beef cattle muscularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jia-Hui Xu
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Hui-Li Tong
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Shu-Feng Li
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yun-Qin Yan
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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28
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Kim KH, Choi S, Zhou Y, Kim EY, Lee JM, Saha PK, Anakk S, Moore DD. Hepatic FXR/SHP axis modulates systemic glucose and fatty acid homeostasis in aged mice. Hepatology 2017; 66:498-509. [PMID: 28378930 PMCID: PMC8156739 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The nuclear receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR; NR1H4) and small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) play crucial roles in bile acid homeostasis. Global double knockout of FXR and SHP signaling (DKO) causes severe cholestasis and liver injury at early ages. Here, we report an unexpected beneficial impact on glucose and fatty acid metabolism in aged DKO mice, which show suppressed body weight gain and adiposity when maintained on normal chow. This phenotype was not observed in single Fxr or Shp knockouts. Liver-specific Fxr/Shp double knockout mice fully phenocopied the DKO mice, with lower hepatic triglyceride accumulation, improved glucose/insulin tolerance, and accelerated fatty acid use. In both DKO and liver-specific Fxr/Shp double knockout livers, these metabolic phenotypes were associated with altered expression of fatty acid metabolism and autophagy-machinery genes. Loss of the hepatic FXR/SHP axis reprogrammed white and brown adipose tissue gene expression to boost fatty acid usage. CONCLUSION Combined deletion of the hepatic FXR/SHP axis improves glucose/fatty acid homeostasis in aged mice, reversing the aging phenotype of body weight gain, increased adiposity, and glucose/insulin tolerance, suggesting a central role of this axis in whole-body energy homeostasis. (Hepatology 2017;66:498-509).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sungwoo Choi
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradip K. Saha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - David D. Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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29
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Loyd C, Liu Y, Kim T, Holleman C, Galloway J, Bethea M, Ediger BN, Swain TA, Tang Y, Stoffers DA, Rowe GC, Young M, Steele C, Habegger KM, Hunter CS. LDB1 Regulates Energy Homeostasis During Diet-Induced Obesity. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1289-1297. [PMID: 28009534 PMCID: PMC5460834 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The broadly expressed transcriptional coregulator LDB1 is essential for β-cell development and glucose homeostasis. However, it is unclear whether LDB1 has metabolic roles beyond the β-cell, especially under metabolic stress. Global Ldb1 deletion results in early embryonic lethality; thus, we used global heterozygous Ldb1+/- and inducible β-cell-specific Ldb1-deficient (Ldb1Δβ-cell) mice. We assessed glucose and insulin tolerance, body composition, feeding, and energy expenditure during high-fat diet exposure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) biology was evaluated by thermogenic gene expression and LDB1 chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. We found that partial loss of Ldb1 does not impair the maintenance of glucose homeostasis; rather, we observed improved insulin sensitivity in these mice. Partial loss of Ldb1 also uncovered defects in energy expenditure in lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. This decreased energy expenditure during DIO was associated with significantly altered BAT gene expression, specifically Cidea, Elovl3, Cox7a1, and Dio2. Remarkably, the observed changes in energy balance during DIO were absent in Ldb1Δβ-cell mice, despite a similar reduction in plasma insulin, suggesting a role for LDB1 in BAT. Indeed, LDB1 is expressed in brown adipocytes and occupies a regulatory domain of Elovl3, a gene crucial to normal BAT function. We conclude that LDB1 regulates energy homeostasis, in part through transcriptional modulation of critical regulators in BAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Loyd
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Yanping Liu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Teayoun Kim
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Cassie Holleman
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Jamie Galloway
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Maigen Bethea
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Benjamin N. Ediger
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | | | - Yawen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Doris A. Stoffers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Glenn C. Rowe
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Martin Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kirk M. Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Chad S. Hunter
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
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Paniagua JA. Nutrition, insulin resistance and dysfunctional adipose tissue determine the different components of metabolic syndrome. World J Diabetes 2016; 7:483-514. [PMID: 27895819 PMCID: PMC5107710 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i19.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an excessive accumulation of body fat that may be harmful to health. Today, obesity is a major public health problem, affecting in greater or lesser proportion all demographic groups. Obesity is estimated by body mass index (BMI) in a clinical setting, but BMI reports neither body composition nor the location of excess body fat. Deaths from cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes accounted for approximately 65% of all deaths, and adiposity and mainly abdominal adiposity are associated with all these disorders. Adipose tissue could expand to inflexibility levels. Then, adiposity is associated with a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, with increased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 release, which interfere with adipose cell differentiation, and the action pattern of adiponectin and leptin until the adipose tissue begins to be dysfunctional. In this state the subject presents insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, probably the first step of a dysfunctional metabolic system. Subsequent to central obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypertension and fatty liver are grouped in the so-called metabolic syndrome (MetS). In subjects with MetS an energy balance is critical to maintain a healthy body weight, mainly limiting the intake of high energy density foods (fat). However, high-carbohydrate rich (CHO) diets increase postprandial peaks of insulin and glucose. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are also increased, which interferes with reverse cholesterol transport lowering high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, CHO-rich diets could move fat from peripheral to central deposits and reduce adiponectin activity in peripheral adipose tissue. All these are improved with monounsaturated fatty acid-rich diets. Lastly, increased portions of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids also decrease triglyceride levels, and complement the healthy diet that is recommended in patients with MetS.
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Gambo Y, Matsumura M, Fujimori K. Triiodothyronine enhances accumulation of intracellular lipids in adipocytes through thyroid hormone receptor α via direct and indirect mechanisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 431:1-11. [PMID: 27132806 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Triiodothyronine (T3) enhanced the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes with elevation of the intracellular lipids through thyroid hormone receptor (TR) α in mouse 3T3-L1 cells. However, the transcription of the SREBP-1c and HSL genes was decreased by T3. Such T3-mediated alterations were negated by TRα siRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that the binding of TRα to the TR-responsive element (TRE) of the FAS promoter was elevated by T3. In contrast, the ability of TRα to bind to the TRE of the SREBP-1c promoter was decreased by T3. In addition, the binding of SREBP-1c to the SRE of the HSL promoter was lowered by T3. These results indicate that T3 increased the accumulation of intracellular lipids by enhancing the expression of the FAS gene through direct binding of TRα to the FAS promoter and simultaneously lowered the amount of lipolysis via reduced binding of T3-decreased SREBP-1c to the HSL promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurina Gambo
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Miki Matsumura
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ko Fujimori
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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Systems view of adipogenesis via novel omics-driven and tissue-specific activity scoring of network functional modules. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28851. [PMID: 27385551 PMCID: PMC4935943 DOI: 10.1038/srep28851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the complex processes involved in cellular differentiation must be based on unbiased, high throughput data processing methods to identify relevant biological pathways. A number of bioinformatics tools are available that can generate lists of pathways ranked by statistical significance (i.e. by p-value), while ideally it would be desirable to functionally score the pathways relative to each other or to other interacting parts of the system or process. We describe a new computational method (Network Activity Score Finder - NASFinder) to identify tissue-specific, omics-determined sub-networks and the connections with their upstream regulator receptors to obtain a systems view of the differentiation of human adipocytes. Adipogenesis of human SBGS pre-adipocyte cells in vitro was monitored with a transcriptomic data set comprising six time points (0, 6, 48, 96, 192, 384 hours). To elucidate the mechanisms of adipogenesis, NASFinder was used to perform time-point analysis by comparing each time point against the control (0 h) and time-lapse analysis by comparing each time point with the previous one. NASFinder identified the coordinated activity of seemingly unrelated processes between each comparison, providing the first systems view of adipogenesis in culture. NASFinder has been implemented into a web-based, freely available resource associated with novel, easy to read visualization of omics data sets and network modules.
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Shi H, Mao X, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yu K, Zhu R, Wei Y, Zhu J, Sun H, Mao Y, Zeng Q. Digoxin reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1517-28. [PMID: 26879387 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Numerous in vitro studies have suggested that digoxin suppresses inflammation and alters lipid metabolism. However, the effect of dioxin on atherosclerosis is poorly understood. The present study was conducted to determine whether digoxin affects the development of atherosclerosis in a murine model of atherosclerotic disease. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice maintained on a Western-type diet were administered PBS (control), low-dose digoxin (1 mg · kg(-1) · day(-1)) or high-dose digoxin (2 mg · kg(-1) · day(-1)) via i.p. injection for 12 weeks. KEY RESULTS Digoxin dose-dependently reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation and plasma lipid levels (reductions of 41% in total cholesterol, 54% in triglycerides and 20% in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the high-dose digoxin-treated group). Moreover, treatment with digoxin markedly attenuated IL-17A expression and IL-17A-related inflammatory responses and increased the abundance of regulatory T cells (Tregs). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data demonstrate that digoxin acts as a specific antagonist of retinoid-related orphan receptor-γ to decrease atherosclerosis by suppressing lipid levels and IL-17A-related inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huairui Shi
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yucheng Zhong
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuzhou Liu
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhao
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunwu Yu
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruirui Zhu
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuzhen Wei
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianghao Zhu
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Mao
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Rush ET, Goodwin JL, Braverman NE, Rizzo WB. Low bone mineral density is a common feature of Zellweger spectrum disorders. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:33-7. [PMID: 26643206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Zellweger Spectrum Disorders (ZSDs) have impaired peroxisome biogenesis and severe, multisystem disease. Although the neurologic symptoms of ZSD tend to be the most prominent, patients also have hepatic, renal and adrenal impairment. Little is known about bone health in patients with ZSD, particularly those with mild or moderate presentation. We investigated 13 ZSD patients who had strikingly abnormal bone mineral density for age. DXA scans showed mean lumbar and femoral neck Z-scores of -3.2. There were no major differences between ambulatory and nonambulatory patients, and no biochemical abnormalities consistent with rickets or vitamin D deficiency were seen. Cyclic bisphosphonate therapy in one ZSD patient was successfully used to increase in bone mineral density. Although the etiology of bone disease in this condition is unknown, we speculate that altered signaling through the PPARγ pathway or deficient plasmalogens in patients with ZSD disrupts osteogenesis, resulting in poor bone formation and poor mineralization. Further investigation into the pathogenic mechanisms of bone disease in ZSD and the role of peroxisomal metabolism in osteogenesis may yield insights into the pathology of bone disease and suggest novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Rush
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Departments of Internal Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nancy E Braverman
- Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William B Rizzo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Hallenborg P, Petersen RK, Kouskoumvekaki I, Newman JW, Madsen L, Kristiansen K. The elusive endogenous adipogenic PPARγ agonists: Lining up the suspects. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 61:149-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Watanabe M, Hisatake M, Fujimori K. Fisetin Suppresses Lipid Accumulation in Mouse Adipocytic 3T3-L1 Cells by Repressing GLUT4-Mediated Glucose Uptake through Inhibition of mTOR-C/EBPα Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4979-4987. [PMID: 25945786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavone (fisetin) is a flavonoid found in vegetables and fruits having broad biological activities. Here the effects of fisetin on adipogenesis and its regulatory mechanism in mouse adipocytic 3T3-L1 cells are studied. Fisetin inhibited the accumulation of intracellular lipids and lowered the expression of adipogenic genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (aP2) during adipogenesis. Moreover, the mRNA levels of genes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis (lipogenesis) were reduced by the treatment with fisetin. The expression level of the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) gene was also decreased by fisetin, resulting in down-regulation of glucose uptake. Furthermore, fisetin inhibited the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and that of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase, a target of the mTOR complex, the inhibition of which was followed by a decreased mRNA level of the C/EBPα gene. The results obtained from a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that the ability of C/EBPα to bind to the GLUT4 gene promoter was reduced by the treatment with fisetin, which agreed well with those obtained when 3T3-L1 cells were allowed to differentiate into adipocytes in medium in the presence of rapamycin, an inhibitor for mTOR. These results indicate that fisetin suppressed the accumulation of intracellular lipids by inhibiting GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake through inhibition of the mTOR-C/EBPα signaling in 3T3-L1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Watanabe
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Hisatake
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ko Fujimori
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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Liu Y, Chen H, Sun Z, Chen X. Molecular mechanisms of ethanol-associated oro-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:164-73. [PMID: 25766659 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol drinking is a major etiological factor of oro-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OESCC). Both local and systemic effects of ethanol may promote carcinogenesis, especially among chronic alcoholics. However, molecular mechanisms of ethanol-associated OESCC are still not well understood. In this review, we summarize current understandings and propose three mechanisms of ethanol-associated OESCC: (1) Disturbance of systemic metabolism of nutrients: during ethanol metabolism in the liver, systemic metabolism of retinoids, zinc, iron and methyl groups is altered. These nutrients are known to be associated with the development of OESCC. (2) Disturbance of redox metabolism in squamous epithelial cells: when ethanol is metabolized in oro-esophageal squamous epithelial cells, reactive oxygen species are generated and produce oxidative damage. Meanwhile, ethanol may also disturb fatty-acid metabolism in these cells. (3) Disturbance of signaling pathways in squamous epithelial cells: due to its physico-chemical properties, ethanol changes cell membrane fluidity and shape, and may thus impact multiple signaling pathways. Advanced molecular techniques in genomics, epigenomics, metabolomics and microbiomics will help us elucidate how ethanol promotes OESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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Regassa A, Kim WK. Transcriptome analysis of hen preadipocytes treated with an adipogenic cocktail (DMIOA) with or without 20(S)-hydroxylcholesterol. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:91. [PMID: 25765115 PMCID: PMC4347561 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol (20(S)) potentially reduces adipogenesis in mammalian cells. The role of this oxysterol and molecular mechanisms underlying the adipogenesis of preadipocytes from laying hens have not been investigated. This study was conducted to 1. Analyze genes differentially expressed between preadipocytes treated with an adipogenic cocktail (DMIOA) containing 500 nM dexamethasone, 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 20 μg/mL insulin and 300 μM oleic acid (OA) and control cells and 2. Analyze genes differentially expressed between preadipocytes treated with DMIOA and those treated with DMIOA + 20(S) using Affymetrix GeneChip® Chicken Genome Arrays. Results In experiment one, where we compared the gene expression profile of non-treated (control) cells with those treated with DMIOA, out of 1,221 differentially expressed genes, 755 were over-expressed in control cells, and 466 were over-expressed in cells treated with DMIOA. In experiment two, where we compared the gene expression profile of DMIOA treated cells with those treated with DMIOA+20(S), out of 212 differentially expressed genes, 90 were over-expressed in cells treated with DMIOA, and 122 were over-expressed in those treated with DMIOA+20(S). Genes over-expressed in control cells compared to those treated with DMIOA include those involved in cell-to-cell signaling and interaction (IL6, CNN2, ITGB3), cellular assembly and organization (BMP6, IGF1, ACTB), and cell cycle (CD4, 9, 38). Genes over-expressed in DMIOA compared to control cells include those involved in cellular development (ADAM22, ADAMTS9, FIGF), lipid metabolism (FABP3, 4 and 5), and molecular transport (MAP3K8, PDK4, AGTR1). Genes over-expressed in cells treated with DMIOA compared with those treated with DMIOA+20(S) include those involved in lipid metabolism (ENPP2, DHCR7, DHCR24), molecular transport (FADS2, SLC6A2, CD36), and vitamin and mineral metabolism (BCMO1, AACS, AR). Genes over-expressed in cells treated with DMIOA+20(S) compared with those treated with DMIOA include those involved in cellular growth and proliferation (CD44, CDK6, IL1B), cellular development (ADORA2B, ATP6VOD2, TNFAIP3), and cell-to-cell signaling and interaction (VCAM1, SPON2, VLDLR). Conclusion We identified important adipogenic regulators and key pathways that would help to understand the molecular mechanism of the in vitro adipogenesis in laying hens and demonstrated that 20(S) is capable of suppressing DMIOA-induced adipogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1231-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Regassa
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. .,Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, 303 Poultry Science Building, Athens, GA, 30602, U.S.A.
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Takahashi H, Hara H, Goto T, Kamakari K, Wataru N, Mohri S, Takahashi N, Suzuki H, Shibata D, Kawada T. 13-Oxo-9(Z),11(E),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in adipocytes. Lipids 2014; 50:3-12. [PMID: 25425149 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ is expressed in adipose tissue and plays a key role in the regulation of adipogenesis. PPARγ activators are known to have potent antihyperglycemic activity and are used to treat insulin resistance associated with diabetes. Therefore, many natural and synthetic agonists of PPARγ are used in the treatment of glucose disorders. In the present study, we found that 13-oxo-9(Z),11(E),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (13-oxo-OTA), a linolenic acid derivative, is present in the extract of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata), and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). We also found that 13-oxo-OTA activated PPARγ and induced the mRNA expression of PPARγ target genes in adipocytes, thereby promoting differentiation. Furthermore, 13-oxo-OTA induced secretion of adiponectin and stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that 13-oxo-OTA induces adipogenesis through PPARγ activation and to present 13-oxo-OTA as a valuable food-derived compound that may be applied in the management of glucose metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruya Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Functions of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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Suppression of adipogenesis by valproic acid through repression of USF1-activated fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes. Biochem J 2014; 459:489-503. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20131476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid suppresses the accumulation of the intracellular lipids through suppression of fatty acid synthesis via repression of USF1-mediated expression of the fatty acid synthase gene in adipocytes.
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Fujimori K, Yano M, Miyake H, Kimura H. Termination mechanism of CREB-dependent activation of COX-2 expression in early phase of adipogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 384:12-22. [PMID: 24378735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We elucidated the molecular mechanism of prostaglandin (PG) E2- and PGF2α-mediated suppression of the early phase of adipogenesis through enhanced COX-2 expression in 3T3-L1 cells. 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase which catalyzes the conversion of cAMP to AMP, enhanced the activity of protein kinase A (PKA). Dibutyryl cAMP activated PKA and enhanced the phosphorylation of cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB). The ability of CREB binding to the CRE of the COX-2 promoter was elevated for enhancement of the expression of the COX-2 gene. CREB siRNA suppressed the expression of the COX-2 gene. Furthermore, okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase (PP) 1/2A inhibitor, suppressed the progression of adipogenesis by preventing PP1/2A-mediated suppression of CREB-dependent COX-2 expression, thus resulting in increased production of anti-adipogenic PGE2 and PGF2α. These results indicate that CREB-dependent expression of COX-2 for the production of anti-adipogenic PGs is critical for the regulation of the early phase of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Fujimori
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Mutsumi Yano
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Haruka Miyake
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kimura
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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Activation of early phase of adipogenesis through Krüppel-like factor KLF9-mediated, enhanced expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β in 3T3-L1 cells. Gene 2013; 534:169-76. [PMID: 24220850 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we found that Krüppel-like factor (KLF) 9 activate the progression of the early phase of adipocyte differentiation in mouse adipocytic 3T3-L1 cells. KLF9 mRNA was detected in preadipocytes; and its level increased after the initiation of adipocyte differentiation, reached its maximum at 1h, and gradually decreased thereafter. Functional suppression of KLF9 mRNA by its siRNAs repressed the accumulation of the intracellular lipids with a reduction in the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) β, but not in that of C/EBPδ. In contrast, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ did not affect the expression of KLF9 in 3T3-L1 cells. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that KLF9 bound the KLF binding element at position -874 of the mouse C/EBPβ promoter. Moreover, the ability of KLF9 to bind to this element was enhanced, with a peak at 1-2h after the initiation of adipogenesis, whose profile well resembled that of the expression of the C/EBPβ gene in 3T3-L1 cells. These results indicate that KLF9 activated the early phase of adipogenesis by enhancing the expression of the C/EBPβ gene in 3T3-L1 cells.
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Bolsoni-Lopes A, Festuccia WT, Farias TSM, Chimin P, Torres-Leal FL, Derogis PBM, de Andrade PB, Miyamoto S, Lima FB, Curi R, Alonso-Vale MIC. Palmitoleic acid (n-7) increases white adipocyte lipolysis and lipase content in a PPARα-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E1093-102. [PMID: 24022867 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00082.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether palmitoleic acid, a fatty acid that enhances whole body glucose disposal and suppresses hepatic steatosis, modulates triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism in adipocytes. For this, both differentiated 3T3-L1 cells treated with either palmitoleic acid (16:1n7, 200 μM) or palmitic acid (16:0, 200 μM) for 24 h and primary adipocytes from wild-type or PPARα-deficient mice treated with 16:1n7 (300 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) or oleic acid (18:1n9, 300 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) by gavage for 10 days were evaluated for lipolysis, TAG, and glycerol 3-phosphate synthesis and gene and protein expression profile. Treatment of differentiated 3T3-L1 cells with 16:1n7, but not 16:0, increased basal and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis, mRNA levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and protein content of ATGL and pSer(660)-HSL. Such increase in lipolysis induced by 16:1n7, which can be prevented by pharmacological inhibition of PPARα, was associated with higher rates of PPARα binding to DNA. In contrast to lipolysis, both 16:1n7 and 16:0 increased fatty acid incorporation into TAG and glycerol 3-phosphate synthesis from glucose without affecting glyceroneogenesis and glycerokinase expression. Corroborating in vitro findings, treatment of wild-type but not PPARα-deficient mice with 16:1n7 increased primary adipocyte basal and stimulated lipolysis and ATGL and HSL mRNA levels. In contrast to lipolysis, however, 16:1n7 treatment increased fatty acid incorporation into TAG and glycerol 3-phosphate synthesis from glucose in both wild-type and PPARα-deficient mice. In conclusion, palmitoleic acid increases adipocyte lipolysis and lipases by a mechanism that requires a functional PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Bolsoni-Lopes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Taing MW, Pierson JT, Shaw PN, Dietzgen RG, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Gidley MJ, Monteith GR. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel extract fractions from different cultivars differentially affect lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Food Funct 2013; 4:481-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Prostaglandins as PPARγ Modulators in Adipogenesis. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:527607. [PMID: 23319937 PMCID: PMC3540890 DOI: 10.1155/2012/527607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes and fat cells play critical roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Adipogenesis (adipocyte differentiation) is regulated via a complex process including coordinated changes in hormone sensitivity and gene expression. PPARγ is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and important in adipogenesis, as it enhances the expression of numerous adipogenic and lipogenic genes in adipocytes. Prostaglandins (PGs), which are lipid mediators, are associated with the regulation of PPARγ function in adipocytes. Prostacyclin promotes the differentiation of adipocyte-precursor cells to adipose cells via activation of the expression of C/EBPβ and δ. These proteins are important transcription factors in the activation of the early phase of adipogenesis, and they activate the expression of PPARγ, which event precedes the maturation of adipocytes. PGE2 and PGF2α strongly suppress the early phase of adipocyte differentiation by enhancing their own production via receptor-mediated elevation of the expression of cycloxygenase-2, and they also suppress the function of PPARγ. In contrast, PGD2 and its non-enzymatic metabolite, Δ12-PGJ2, activate the middle-late phase of adipocyte differentiation through both DP2 receptors and PPARγ. This paper focuses on potential roles of PGs as PPARγ modulators in adipogenesis and regulators of obesity.
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