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Gardner GL, Stuart JA. Tumor microenvironment-like conditions alter pancreatic cancer cell metabolism and behavior. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C959-C978. [PMID: 39183564 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00452.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is complex and dynamic, characterized by poor vascularization, limited nutrient availability, hypoxia, and an acidic pH. This environment plays a critical role in driving cancer progression. However, standard cell culture conditions used to study cancer cell biology in vitro fail to replicate the in vivo environment of tumors. Recently, "physiological" cell culture media that closely resemble human plasma have been developed (e.g., Plasmax, HPLM), along with more frequent adoption of physiological oxygen conditions (1%-8% O2). Nonetheless, further refinement of tumor-specific culture conditions may be needed. In this study, we describe the development of a tumor microenvironment medium (TMEM) based on murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor interstitial fluid. Using RNA-sequencing, we show that murine PDAC cells (KPCY) cultured in tumor-like conditions (TMEM, pH 7.0, 1.5% O2) exhibit profound differences in gene expression compared with plasma-like conditions (mouse plasma medium, pH 7.4, 5% O2). Specifically, the expression of genes and pathways associated with cell migration, biosynthesis, angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were altered, suggesting tumor-like conditions promote metastatic phenotypes and metabolic remodeling. Using functional assays to validate RNA-seq data, we confirmed increased motility at 1.5% O2/TMEM, despite reduced cell proliferation. Moreover, a hallmark shift to glycolytic metabolism was identified via measurement of glucose uptake/lactate production and mitochondrial respiration. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that growth in 1.5% O2/TMEM alters several biological responses in ways relevant to cancer biology, and more closely models hallmark cancerous phenotypes in culture. This highlights the importance of establishing tumor microenvironment-like conditions in standard cancer research. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Standard cell culture conditions do not replicate the complex tumor microenvironment experienced by cells in vivo. Although currently available plasma-like media are superior to traditional supraphysiological media, they fail to model tumor-like conditions. Using RNA-seq analysis and functional metabolic and migratory assays, we show that tumor microenvironment medium (TMEM), used with representative tumor hypoxia, better models cancerous phenotypes in culture. This emphasizes the critical importance of accurately modeling the tumor microenvironment in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Alan Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Amorim de Souza Lima T, Raissa Ribeiro M, Carneiro de Brito M, Mitiko Kawamoto E. Impaired exploration induced by type 1 diabetes is related to locomotor activity rather than a reduction in motivation. Neuroscience 2024; 560:1-10. [PMID: 39293729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is associated with cognitive impairments in humans. A well-established animal model of T1D is induced through the administration of streptozotocin (STZ), a glucose analog that induces pancreatic β-cell death, resulting in hyperglycemia and cognitive impairment linked to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a key inflammatory mediator, is elevated in the central nervous system (CNS) of diabetic animals. In this study, we utilized TNFR1 knockout mice to investigate the role of TNFR1 signaling in short-term T1D-related cognitive impairment. Our findings showed that diabetic animals did not develop cognitive damage within the first 2 weeks of T1D but exhibited reduced exploration in all behavioral tests. Our findings suggest that this reduction in exploration was attributable to motor impairment, as there was no reduction in motivated novelty-seeking behavior. Additionally, deletion of TNFR1 signaling attenuated gait speed impairment in diabetic mice, but did not affect other motor-related or exploratory behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Amorim de Souza Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Martina Raissa Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Malcon Carneiro de Brito
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Shahwar D, Baqai S, Khan F, Khan MI, Javaid S, Hameed A, Raza A, Saleem Uddin S, Hazrat H, Rahman MH, Musharraf SG, Chotani MA. Proteomic Analysis of Rap1A GTPase Signaling-Deficient C57BL/6 Mouse Pancreas and Functional Studies Identify an Essential Role of Rap1A in Pancreas Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8013. [PMID: 39125590 PMCID: PMC11312117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ras-related Rap1A GTPase is implicated in pancreas β-cell insulin secretion and is stimulated by the cAMP sensor Epac2, a guanine exchange factor and activator of Rap1 GTPase. In this study, we examined the differential proteomic profiles of pancreata from C57BL/6 Rap1A-deficient (Null) and control wild-type (WT) mice with nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS to assess targets of Rap1A potentially involved in insulin regulation. We identified 77 overlapping identifier proteins in both groups, with 8 distinct identifier proteins in Null versus 56 distinct identifier proteins in WT mice pancreata. Functional enrichment analysis showed four of the eight Null unique proteins, ERO1-like protein β (Ero1lβ), triosephosphate isomerase (TP1), 14-3-3 protein γ, and kallikrein-1, were exclusively involved in insulin biogenesis, with roles in insulin metabolism. Specifically, the mRNA expression of Ero1lβ and TP1 was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in Null versus WT pancreata. Rap1A deficiency significantly affected glucose tolerance during the first 15-30 min of glucose challenge but showed no impact on insulin sensitivity. Ex vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) studies on isolated Null islets showed significantly impaired GSIS. Furthermore, in GSIS-impaired islets, the cAMP-Epac2-Rap1A pathway was significantly compromised compared to the WT. Altogether, these studies underscore an essential role of Rap1A GTPase in pancreas physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durrey Shahwar
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (D.S.); (S.B.); (S.J.); (A.R.); (S.S.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Sadaf Baqai
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (D.S.); (S.B.); (S.J.); (A.R.); (S.S.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Faisal Khan
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (F.K.); (S.G.M.)
- Husein Ebrahim Jamal (H.E.J.) Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M. Israr Khan
- Molecular Diabetology Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (M.I.K.); (M.H.R.)
| | - Shafaq Javaid
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (D.S.); (S.B.); (S.J.); (A.R.); (S.S.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Abdul Hameed
- Ziauddin College of Molecular Medicine, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi 75600, Pakistan;
| | - Aisha Raza
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (D.S.); (S.B.); (S.J.); (A.R.); (S.S.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Sadaf Saleem Uddin
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (D.S.); (S.B.); (S.J.); (A.R.); (S.S.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Hina Hazrat
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (D.S.); (S.B.); (S.J.); (A.R.); (S.S.U.); (H.H.)
| | - M. Hafizur Rahman
- Molecular Diabetology Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (M.I.K.); (M.H.R.)
- Daffodil International University, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
- Dhaka International University, Satarkul, Badda, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (F.K.); (S.G.M.)
- Husein Ebrahim Jamal (H.E.J.) Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Maqsood A. Chotani
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (D.S.); (S.B.); (S.J.); (A.R.); (S.S.U.); (H.H.)
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Teeple K, Rajput P, Scinto S, Schoonmaker J, Davis C, Dinn M, McIntosh M, Krishnamurthy S, Plaut K, Casey T. Impact of high-fat diet and exposure to constant light on reproductive competence of female ICR mice. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio060088. [PMID: 37843404 PMCID: PMC10602010 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and exposure to light at night are prevalent in modern society and associated with changes in physiology and behavior that can affect a female's ability to support offspring growth during pregnancy and lactation. A 2X3 factor study of ICR mice was conducted to determine the effect of diet [control (CON; 10% fat) or high fat (HF; 60% fat)] and exposure to regular 12 h light:dark cycles (LD) or continuous low (L5) or high (L100) lux of light on gestation length, birth litter size, milk composition and litter growth to lactation day 12. HF diet reduced birth litter size, but increased postnatal d 12 litter weight (P<0.05), whereas constant light tended to increase litter weight (P=0.07). Continuous light increased gestation length, altered dam feed intake, increased serum prolactin and increased final dam and mammary gland weight (P<0.05), while decreasing mammary ATP content and milk lactose (P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between final litter weight and mammary size, metabolic stores (e.g. maternal fat pad weight), kcal of feed intake, and gestation length (P<0.05). Although CON mice spent more time eating than HF dams, the calorically dense HF diet was related to greater rates of litter growth to peak lactation. Constant light circadian disrupting effects appear to be confounded by a potential long day photoperiod response exemplified by higher circulating levels of prolactin and increased body and mammary weight of females exposed to these conditions. Other model systems may be better to study the interacting effects of obesity and circadian disruption on reproductive competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Teeple
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Prabha Rajput
- Neurotherapeutics Lab, Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - Sara Scinto
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jenna Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Corrin Davis
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michayla Dinn
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mackenzie McIntosh
- Histology Core, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Neurotherapeutics Lab, Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - Karen Plaut
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Theresa Casey
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Sveeggen TM, Isakson BE, Straub AC, Bagher P. Bedding as a variable affecting fasting blood glucose and vascular physiology in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H338-H345. [PMID: 37389954 PMCID: PMC10435074 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00168.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Rodent husbandry requires careful consideration of environmental factors that may impact colony performance and subsequent physiological studies. Of note, recent reports have suggested corncob bedding may affect a broad range of organ systems. As corncob bedding may contain digestible hemicelluloses, trace sugars, and fiber, we hypothesized that corncob bedding impacts overnight fasting blood glucose and murine vascular function. Here, we compared mice housed on corncob bedding, which were then fasted overnight on either corncob or ALPHA-dri bedding, a virgin paper pulp cellulose alternative. Male and female mice were used from two noninduced, endothelial-specific conditional knockout strains [Cadherin 5-cre/ERT2, floxed hemoglobin-α1 (Hba1fl/fl) or Cadherin 5-cre/ERT2, floxed cytochrome-B5 reductase 3 (CyB5R3fl/fl)] on a C57BL/6J genetic background. After fasting overnight, initial fasting blood glucose was measured, and mice were anesthetized with isoflurane for measurement of blood perfusion via laser speckle contrast analysis using a PeriMed PeriCam PSI NR system. After a 15-min equilibration, the mice were injected intraperitoneally with the α1-adrenergic receptor agonist, phenylephrine (5 mg/kg), or saline, and monitored for changes in blood perfusion. After a 15-min response period, blood glucose was remeasured postprocedure. In both strains, mice fasted on corncob bedding had higher blood glucose than the pulp cellulose group. In the CyB5R3fl/fl strain, mice housed on corncob bedding displayed a significant reduction in phenylephrine-mediated change in perfusion. In the Hba1fl/fl strain, phenylephrine-induced change in perfusion was not different in the corncob group. This work suggests that corncob bedding, in part due to its ingestion by mice, could impact vascular measurements and fasting blood glucose. To promote scientific rigor and improve reproducibility, bedding type should be routinely included in published methods.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates real-time measurement of changes in perfusion to pharmacological treatment using laser speckle contrast analysis. Furthermore, this investigation revealed that fasting mice overnight on corncob bedding has differential effects on vascular function and that there was increased fasting blood glucose in mice fasted on corncob bedding compared with paper pulp cellulose bedding. This highlights the impact that bedding type can have on outcomes in vascular and metabolic research and reinforces the need for thorough and robust reporting of animal husbandry practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Sveeggen
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Adam C Straub
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Pooneh Bagher
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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6
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Herzl E, Schmitt EE, Shearrer G, Keith JF. The Effects of a Western Diet vs. a High-Fiber Unprocessed Diet on Health Outcomes in Mice Offspring. Nutrients 2023; 15:2858. [PMID: 37447184 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet influences critical periods of growth, including gestation and early development. We hypothesized that a maternal/early life diet reflecting unprocessed dietary components would positively affect offspring metabolic and anthropometric parameters. Using 9 C57BL-6 dams, we simulated exposure to a Western diet, a high-fiber unprocessed diet (HFUD), or a control diet. The dams consumed their respective diets (Western [n = 3], HFUD [n = 3], and control [n = 3]) through 3 weeks of pregnancy and 3 weeks of weaning; their offspring consumed the diet of their mother for 4.5 weeks post weaning. Measurements included dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, feed consumption, body weight, blood glucose, and insulin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the offspring. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc analysis. The offspring DEXA measures at 5 and 7.5 weeks post parturition revealed higher lean body mass development in the HFUD and control diet offspring compared to the Western diet offspring. An analysis indicated that blood glucose (p = 0.001) and HbA1c concentrations (p = 0.002) were lower among the HFUD offspring compared to the Western and control offspring. The results demonstrate that diet during gestation and early life consistent with traditional diet patterns may influence hyperglycemia and adiposity in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Herzl
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Emily E Schmitt
- Division of Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- WWAMI Medical Education, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Grace Shearrer
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- WWAMI Medical Education, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jill F Keith
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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7
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Lopes JB, Małz M, Senko AN, Zocher S, Kempermann G. Loss of individualized behavioral trajectories in adult neurogenesis-deficient cyclin D2 knockout mice. Hippocampus 2023; 33:360-372. [PMID: 36880417 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
There is still limited mechanistic insight into how the interaction of individuals with their environment results in the emergence of individuality in behavior and brain structure. Nevertheless, the idea that personal activity shapes the brain is implicit in strategies for healthy cognitive aging as well as in the idea that individuality is reflected in the brain's connectome. We have shown that even isogenic mice kept in a shared enriched environment (ENR) developed divergent and stable social and exploratory trajectories. As these trajectories-measured as roaming entropy (RE)-positively correlated with adult hippocampal neurogenesis, we hypothesized that a feedback between behavioral activity and adult hippocampal neurogenesis might be a causal factor in brain individualization. We used cyclin D2 knockout mice with constitutively extremely low levels of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and their wild-type littermates. We housed them for 3 months in a novel ENR paradigm, consisting of 70 connected cages equipped with radio frequency identification antennae for longitudinal tracking. Cognitive performance was evaluated in the Morris Water Maze task (MWM). With immunohistochemistry we confirmed that adult neurogenesis correlated with RE in both genotypes and that D2 knockout mice had the expected impaired performance in the reversal phase of the MWM. But whereas the wild-type animals developed stable exploratory trajectories with increasing variance, correlating with adult neurogenesis, this individualizing phenotype was absent in D2 knockout mice. Here the behaviors started out more random and revealed less habituation and low variance. Together, these findings suggest that adult neurogenesis contributes to experience-dependent brain individualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadna Bogado Lopes
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Monika Małz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna N Senko
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sara Zocher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Xia C, Suriyanarayanan S, Gong Y, Fridman V, Selig M, Li J, Rutkove S, Hornemann T, Eichler F. Long-term effects of l-serine supplementation upon a mouse model of diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108383. [PMID: 36610321 PMCID: PMC10964191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deoxysphingolipids (1-deoxySLs) are neurotoxic sphingolipids associated with obesity and diabetic neuropathy (DN) and have been linked to severity of functional peripheral neuropathies. While l-serine supplementation can reduce 1-deoxySL accumulation and improve insulin sensitivity and sensory nerve velocity, long-term outcomes have not yet been examined. To assess this, we treated 2 month old db/db mice, a model of DN, with 5-20 % oral l-serine for 6 months and longitudinally quantified the extent of functional neuropathy progression. We examined putative biomarkers of neuropathy in blood and tissue and quantified levels of small fiber neuropathy, looking for associations between lowered 1-deoxySL and phenotypes. Toxic 1-deoxySLs were suppressed long-term in plasma and various tissue including the sciatic nerve, which is particularly targeted in DN. Functional neuropathy and sensory modalities were significantly improved in the treatment group well into advanced stages of disease. However, structural assessments revealed prominent axonal degeneration, apoptosis and Schwann cell pathology, suggesting that neuropathy was ongoing. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia persisted during our study, and high levels of glutathione were seen in the spinal cord. Our results demonstrate that despite significant functional improvements, l-serine does not prevent chronic degenerative changes specifically at the structural level, pointing to other processes such as oxidative damage and hyperglycemia, that persist despite 1-deoxySL reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Xia
- MGH Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Yi Gong
- MGH Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Vera Fridman
- MGH Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CD, United States of America
| | - Martin Selig
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jia Li
- Division of Neuromuscular Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Seward Rutkove
- Division of Neuromuscular Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Eichler
- MGH Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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9
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Nallappan D, Ong KC, Palanisamy UD, Chua KH, Kuppusamy UR. Myricetin derivative-rich fraction from Syzygium malaccense prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance and oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:186-197. [PMID: 32813560 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1808019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM A high-fat diet (HFD) can lead to obesity and related metabolic disorders. This study evaluated the preventive efficacy of myricetin derivative-rich fraction (MD) from Syzygium malaccense leaf extract against HFD-induced obesity, hyperglycaemia, and oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice. METHODS HFD-fed mice were administered MD (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg) or 2 mg/kg metformin (positive control) orally for 16 weeks. Normal diet and HFD-fed control groups received normal saline. RESULTS MD dose of 50 mg/kg was better than 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg in significantly reducing weight-gain, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation in liver and kidney, and improving the serum lipid profile. Lowered protein carbonyls and lipid hydroperoxides in urine and tissue homogenates and elevated reduced glutathione, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) levels in tissue homogenates indicated amelioration of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION MD has therapeutic value in the prevention and management of obesity, hyperglycaemia, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Nallappan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kien Chai Ong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Uma Devi Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Noguez Imm R, Muñoz-Benitez J, Medina D, Barcenas E, Molero-Castillo G, Reyes-Ortega P, Hughes-Cano JA, Medrano-Gracia L, Miranda-Anaya M, Rojas-Piloni G, Quiroz-Mercado H, Hernández-Zimbrón LF, Fajardo-Cruz ED, Ferreyra-Severo E, García-Franco R, Rubio Mijangos JF, López-Star E, García-Roa M, Lansingh VC, Thébault SC. Preventable risk factors for type 2 diabetes can be detected using noninvasive spontaneous electroretinogram signals. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278388. [PMID: 36634073 PMCID: PMC9836271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the ever-increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity, the pressure on global healthcare is expected to be colossal, especially in terms of blindness. Electroretinogram (ERG) has long been perceived as a first-use technique for diagnosing eye diseases, and some studies suggested its use for preventable risk factors of type 2 diabetes and thereby diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here, we show that in a non-evoked mode, ERG signals contain spontaneous oscillations that predict disease cases in rodent models of obesity and in people with overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome but not yet diabetes, using one single random forest-based model. Classification performance was both internally and externally validated, and correlation analysis showed that the spontaneous oscillations of the non-evoked ERG are altered before oscillatory potentials, which are the current gold-standard for early DR. Principal component and discriminant analysis suggested that the slow frequency (0.4-0.7 Hz) components are the main discriminators for our predictive model. In addition, we established that the optimal conditions to record these informative signals, are 5-minute duration recordings under daylight conditions, using any ERG sensors, including ones working with portative, non-mydriatic devices. Our study provides an early warning system with promising applications for prevention, monitoring and even the development of new therapies against type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsés Noguez Imm
- Instituto de Neurobiología y Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Julio Muñoz-Benitez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Diego Medina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Everardo Barcenas
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Molero-Castillo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pamela Reyes-Ortega
- Instituto de Neurobiología y Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Jorge Armando Hughes-Cano
- Instituto de Neurobiología y Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Manuel Miranda-Anaya
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Rojas-Piloni
- Instituto de Neurobiología y Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Fernando Hernández-Zimbrón
- Research Department, Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera, Mexico City, Mexico
- Clínica de Salud Visual, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México (UNAM), León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - Renata García-Franco
- Instituto de la Retina del Bajío (INDEREB), Prolongación Constituyentes 302 (Consultorios 410 y 411, torre 3, Hospital San José), El jacal, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Juan Fernando Rubio Mijangos
- Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmología (IMO), I.A.P., Circuito Exterior Estadio Corregidora Sn, Centro Sur, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ellery López-Star
- Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmología (IMO), I.A.P., Circuito Exterior Estadio Corregidora Sn, Centro Sur, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Marlon García-Roa
- Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmología (IMO), I.A.P., Circuito Exterior Estadio Corregidora Sn, Centro Sur, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Van Charles Lansingh
- Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmología (IMO), I.A.P., Circuito Exterior Estadio Corregidora Sn, Centro Sur, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Stéphanie C. Thébault
- Instituto de Neurobiología y Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
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11
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Vitamin C attenuates predisposition to high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysregulation in GLUT10-deficient mouse model. GENES & NUTRITION 2022; 17:10. [PMID: 35842612 PMCID: PMC9288715 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-022-00713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly influenced by complex interactions between genetic and environmental (dietary and lifestyle) factors. While vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA) has been suggested as a complementary nutritional treatment for T2DM, evidence for the significance and beneficial effects of AA in T2DM is thus far inconclusive. We suspect that clinical studies on the topic might need to account for combination of genetic and dietary factors that could influence AA effects on metabolism. In this study, we tested this general idea using a mouse model with genetic predisposition to diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. In particular, we utilized mice carrying a human orthologous GLUT10G128E variant (GLUT10G128E mice), which are highly sensitive to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysregulation. The genetic variant has high relevance to human populations, as genetic polymorphisms in glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10) are associated with a T2DM intermediate phenotype in nondiabetic population. Results We investigated the impacts of AA supplementation on metabolism in wild-type (WT) mice and GLUT10G128E mice fed with a normal diet or HFD. Overall, the beneficial effects of AA on metabolism were greater in HFD-fed GLUT10G128E mice than in HFD-fed WT mice. At early postnatal stages, AA improved the development of compromised epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in GLUT10G128E mice. In adult animals, AA supplementation attenuated the predisposition of GLUT10G128E mice to HFD-triggered eWAT inflammation, adipokine dysregulation, ectopic fatty acid accumulation, metabolic dysregulation, and body weight gain, as compared with WT mice. Conclusions Taken together, our findings suggest that AA has greater beneficial effects on metabolism in HFD-fed GLUT10G128E mice than HFD-fed WT mice. As such, AA plays an important role in supporting eWAT development and attenuating HFD-induced metabolic dysregulation in GLUT10G128E mice. Our results suggest that proper WAT development is essential for metabolic regulation later in life. Furthermore, when considering the usage of AA as a complementary nutrition for prevention and treatment of T2DM, individual differences in genetics and dietary patterns should be taken into account. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12263-022-00713-y.
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12
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Guan Y, Davis L, Breyer MD, Hao CM. Cyclooxygenase-2 contributes to diabetic nephropathy through glomerular EP4 receptor. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 159:106621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Smith SM, Pjetri E, Friday WB, Presswood BH, Ricketts DK, Walter KR, Mooney SM. Aging-Related Behavioral, Adiposity, and Glucose Impairments and Their Association following Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in the C57BL/6J Mouse. Nutrients 2022; 14:1438. [PMID: 35406051 PMCID: PMC9002573 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
People that experience prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) may have behavioral and metabolic impairments, and it is unclear whether these remain stable or change with age. We assessed behavioral and metabolic endpoints across the lifespan in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Pregnant C57BL/6J mice received alcohol (ALC; 3 g/kg) or maltose-dextrin (control, CON) daily from embryonic day 8.5 to 17.5. Offspring were tested on accelerating rotarod, Y-maze, novel object recognition, and fear conditioning at 6 weeks and 10 and 17 months; females were also tested at 24 months. Body composition, fasting glucose, and glucose clearance were assessed at 18 months. Female but not male ALC mice had greater adiposity than age-matched CON from 7 months onward. At 18 months, male but not female ALC mice had reduced glucose clearance and ALC mice were more likely to have elevated fasting glucose. In the rotarod training session, ALC females performed worse than CON. In the Y-maze, significant exposure-age interactions affected ALC performance in both sexes versus age-match CON. For fear conditioning, all animals acquired the task and froze more at older ages. In both the context and cued tasks, there were exposure-age interactions and ALC animals frozen less than CON at 10 months. Correlation analysis revealed that fasting glucose and glucose clearance correlated with % of body fat in ALC but not in CON mice. Additionally, glucose intolerance and % body fat negatively correlated with performance in the rotarod, context learning, and novel object recognition tasks in ALC but not CON mice. All mice exhibit worsening of behavioral performance as they age, and PAE did not further exacerbate this. ALC but not CON mice displayed adiposity and glucose intolerance that correlate with their cognitive impairments, suggesting that these may be mechanistically related in PAE. Findings emphasize that FASD should be considered a whole-body disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Smith
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (E.P.); (W.B.F.); (B.H.P.); (D.K.R.); (K.R.W.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Eneda Pjetri
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (E.P.); (W.B.F.); (B.H.P.); (D.K.R.); (K.R.W.)
| | - Walter B. Friday
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (E.P.); (W.B.F.); (B.H.P.); (D.K.R.); (K.R.W.)
| | - Brandon H. Presswood
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (E.P.); (W.B.F.); (B.H.P.); (D.K.R.); (K.R.W.)
| | - Dane K. Ricketts
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (E.P.); (W.B.F.); (B.H.P.); (D.K.R.); (K.R.W.)
| | - Kathleen R. Walter
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (E.P.); (W.B.F.); (B.H.P.); (D.K.R.); (K.R.W.)
| | - Sandra M. Mooney
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (E.P.); (W.B.F.); (B.H.P.); (D.K.R.); (K.R.W.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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14
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Saleh M, Mohamed NA, Sehrawat A, Zhang T, Thomas M, Wang Y, Kalsi R, Molitoris J, Prasadan K, Gittes GK. β-cell Smad2 null mice have improved β-cell function and are protected from diet-induced hyperglycemia. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101235. [PMID: 34582892 PMCID: PMC8605249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding signaling pathways that regulate pancreatic β-cell function to produce, store, and release insulin, as well as pathways that control β-cell proliferation, is vital to find new treatments for diabetes mellitus. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling is involved in a broad range of β-cell functions. The canonical TGF-β signaling pathway functions through intracellular smads, including smad2 and smad3, to regulate cell development, proliferation, differentiation, and function in many organs. Here, we demonstrate the role of TGF-β/smad2 signaling in regulating mature β-cell proliferation and function using β-cell-specific smad2 null mutant mice. β-cell-specific smad2-deficient mice exhibited improved glucose clearance as demonstrated by glucose tolerance testing, enhanced in vivo and ex vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and increased β-cell mass and proliferation. Furthermore, when these mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce hyperglycemia, they again showed improved glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. In addition, ex vivo analysis of smad2-deficient islets showed that they displayed increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and upregulation of genes involved in insulin synthesis and insulin secretion. Thus, we conclude that smad2 could represent an attractive therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Saleh
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nada A Mohamed
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anuradha Sehrawat
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madison Thomas
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kalsi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Justin Molitoris
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George K Gittes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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15
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Pessoa Rodrigues C, Chatterjee A, Wiese M, Stehle T, Szymanski W, Shvedunova M, Akhtar A. Histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation controls central carbon metabolism and diet-induced obesity in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6212. [PMID: 34707105 PMCID: PMC8551339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for over 70% of deaths world-wide. Previous work has linked NCDs such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) to disruption of chromatin regulators. However, the exact molecular origins of these chronic conditions remain elusive. Here, we identify the H4 lysine 16 acetyltransferase MOF as a critical regulator of central carbon metabolism. High-throughput metabolomics unveil a systemic amino acid and carbohydrate imbalance in Mof deficient mice, manifesting in T2D predisposition. Oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) reveals defects in glucose assimilation and insulin secretion in these animals. Furthermore, Mof deficient mice are resistant to diet-induced fat gain due to defects in glucose uptake in adipose tissue. MOF-mediated H4K16ac deposition controls expression of the master regulator of glucose metabolism, Pparg and the entire downstream transcriptional network. Glucose uptake and lipid storage can be reconstituted in MOF-depleted adipocytes in vitro by ectopic Glut4 expression, PPARγ agonist thiazolidinedione (TZD) treatment or SIRT1 inhibition. Hence, chronic imbalance in H4K16ac promotes a destabilisation of metabolism triggering the development of a metabolic disorder, and its maintenance provides an unprecedented regulatory epigenetic mechanism controlling diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pessoa Rodrigues
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aindrila Chatterjee
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meike Wiese
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stehle
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Witold Szymanski
- Proteomics Facility, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Shvedunova
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asifa Akhtar
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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16
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Son Y, Lee H, Son SY, Lee CH, Kim SY, Lim Y. Ameliorative Effect of Annona muricata (Graviola) Extract on Hyperglycemia Induced Hepatic Damage in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1546. [PMID: 34679681 PMCID: PMC8532999 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Annona muricata (AM) is evergreen plant of the Annonaceae family and known to have anticancer and antidiabetic effects. However, anti-diabetic mechanisms of AM extracts (AME) associated with hepatic glucose regulation and lipid metabolism remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of AME extracted on hepatic damage in diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet with two-times streptozotocin (STZ) injection (60 mg/kg BW) in C57BL/6 male mice. The diabetic mice were daily administered with AME (50 or 100 mg/kg BW) by gavage for 9 weeks. Biomarkers related to energy metabolism and insulin signaling were examined to identify the effect of AME on hyperglycemia induced hepatic damage. AME supplementation reduced levels of FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and hepatic lipid profiles as well as enhanced insulin signaling by increased the protein levels of IRS-1 accompanied GLUT2 in diabetic mice. Especially low dose of AME showed the beneficial effect of reducing oxidative stress (4-HNE, protein carbonyls, Nrf2, NQO1) and improved hepatic morphology demonstrated by lipid droplets along with upregulation of lipophagy (pAMPK, p-mTOR/mTOR, LC3-2/LC3-1) in diabetic mice. Moreover, AME supplementation ameliorated hepatic lipid metabolism (FAS, SREBP1c, C/EBPα, PPARγ, CPT1A, PPARα) and energy metabolism (pAMPK, PGC1α) in diabetic mice. Taken together, this study suggested that AME could be helpful to prevent hepatic abnormality by regulation of insulin signaling associated with energy metabolism and autophagy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiseul Son
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung Hee-Daero, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Heaji Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung Hee-Daero, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Su-Young Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Choong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Sun-Yeou Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung Hee-Daero, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.S.); (H.L.)
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17
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Boyd JT, LoCoco PM, Furr AR, Bendele MR, Tram M, Li Q, Chang FM, Colley ME, Samenuk GM, Arris DA, Locke EE, Bach SBH, Tobon A, Ruparel SB, Hargreaves KM. Elevated dietary ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids induce reversible peripheral nerve dysfunction that exacerbates comorbid pain conditions. Nat Metab 2021; 3:762-773. [PMID: 34140694 PMCID: PMC8287645 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide1 and is commonly associated with comorbid disorders2. However, the role of diet in chronic pain is poorly understood. Of particular interest is the Western-style diet, enriched with ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that accumulate in membrane phospholipids and oxidise into pronociceptive oxylipins3,4. Here we report that mice administered an ω-6 PUFA-enriched diet develop persistent nociceptive hypersensitivities, spontaneously active and hyper-responsive glabrous afferent fibres and histologic markers of peripheral nerve damage reminiscent of a peripheral neuropathy. Linoleic and arachidonic acids accumulate in lumbar dorsal root ganglia, with increased liberation via elevated phospholipase (PLA)2 activity. Pharmacological and molecular inhibition of PLA2G7 or diet reversal with high levels of ω-3 PUFAs attenuate nociceptive behaviours, neurophysiologic abnormalities and afferent histopathology induced by high ω-6 intake. Additionally, ω-6 PUFA accumulation exacerbates allodynia observed in preclinical inflammatory and neuropathic pain models and is strongly correlated with multiple pain indices of clinical diabetic neuropathy. Collectively, these data reveal dietary enrichment with ω-6 PUFAs as a new aetiology of peripheral neuropathy and risk factor for chronic pain and implicate multiple therapeutic considerations for clinical pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Boyd
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter M LoCoco
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ashley R Furr
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michelle R Bendele
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Meilinn Tram
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Fang-Mei Chang
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Madeline E Colley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Grace M Samenuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dominic A Arris
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Erin E Locke
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Stephan B H Bach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alejandro Tobon
- Department of Neurology, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shivani B Ruparel
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth M Hargreaves
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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18
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Dunn AF, Catterton MA, Dixon DD, Pompano RR. Spatially resolved measurement of dynamic glucose uptake in live ex vivo tissues. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1141:47-56. [PMID: 33248661 PMCID: PMC7701360 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Highly proliferative cells depend heavily on glycolysis as a source of energy and biological precursor molecules, and glucose uptake is a useful readout of this aspect of metabolic activity. Glucose uptake is commonly quantified by using flow cytometry for cell cultures and positron emission tomography for organs in vivo. However, methods to detect spatiotemporally resolved glucose uptake in intact tissues are far more limited, particularly those that can quantify changes in uptake over time in specific tissue regions and cell types. Using lymph node metabolism as a case study, we developed an optimized method to detect dynamic and spatially resolved glucose uptake in living tissue by combining ex vivo tissue slice culture with a fluorescent glucose analogue. Live slices of murine lymph node were treated with the glucose analogue 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-dia-xol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG). Incubation parameters were optimized to differentiate glucose uptake in activated versus naïve lymphocytes. Regional glucose uptake could be imaged at both the tissue level, by widefield microscopy, and at the cellular level, by confocal microscopy. Furthermore, the glucose assay was readily multiplexed with live immunofluorescence labelling to generate maps of 2-NBDG uptake across tissue regions, revealing highest uptake in T cell-dense regions. The signal was predominantly intracellular and localized to lymphocytes rather than stromal cells. Finally, we demonstrated that the assay was repeatable in the same slices, and imaged the dynamic distribution of glucose uptake in response to ex vivo T cell stimulation for the first time. We anticipate that this method will serve as a broadly applicable, user-friendly platform to quantify dynamic metabolic activities in complex tissue microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin F Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO BOX 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Megan A Catterton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO BOX 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Drake D Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO BOX 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, PO BOX 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
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19
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Fuller KNZ, Thyfault JP. Barriers in translating preclinical rodent exercise metabolism findings to human health. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:182-192. [PMID: 33180643 PMCID: PMC7944931 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00683.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity and low aerobic capacity are primary drivers of chronic disease pathophysiology and are independently associated with all-cause mortality. Conversely, increased physical activity and exercise are central to metabolic disease prevention and longevity. Although these relationships are well characterized in the literature, what remains incompletely understood are the mechanisms by which physical activity/exercise prevents disease. Given methodological constraints of clinical research, investigators must often rely on preclinical rodent models to investigate these potential underlying mechanisms. However, there are several key barriers to applying exercise metabolism findings from rodent models to human health. These barriers include housing temperature, nutrient metabolism, exercise modality, exercise testing, and sex differences. Increased awareness and understanding of these barriers will enhance the ability to impact human health through more appropriate experimental design and interpretation of data within the context of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Z Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri
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Thrailkill KM, Bunn RC, Uppuganti S, Ray P, Popescu I, Kalaitzoglou E, Fowlkes JL, Nyman JS. Canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, corrects glycemic dysregulation in TallyHO model of T2D but only partially prevents bone deficits. Bone 2020; 141:115625. [PMID: 32890778 PMCID: PMC7852344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Higher fracture risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is attributed to disease-specific deficits in micro-structural and material properties of bone, although the primary cause is not yet established. The TallyHO (TH) mouse is a polygenic model of early-onset T2D and obesity analogous to adolescent-onset T2D in humans. Due to incomplete penetrance of the phenotype, ~25% of male TH mice never develop hyperglycemia, providing a strain-matched, non-diabetic control. Utilizing this model of T2D, we examined the impact of glucose-lowering therapy with canagliflozin (CANA) on diabetic bone. Male TH mice with or without hyperglycemia (High BG, Low BG) were monitored from ~8 to 20 weeks of age, and compared to age-matched, male, TH mice treated with CANA from ~8 to 20 weeks of age. At 20 weeks, untreated TH mice with high BG [High BG: 687 ± 106 mg/dL] exhibited lower body mass, decrements in cortical bone of the femur (decreased cross-sectional area and thickness; increased porosity) and in trabecular bone of the femur metaphysis and L6 vertebra (decreased bone volume fraction, thickness, and tissue mineral density), as well as decrements in cortical and vertebral bone strength (decreased yield force and ultimate force) when compared to untreated TH mice with low BG [Low BG: 290 ± 98 mg/dL; p < 0.0001]. CANA treatment was metabolically advantageous, normalizing body mass, BG and HbA1c to values comparable to the Low BG group. With drug-induced glycemic improvement, cortical area and thickness were significantly higher in the CANA than in the High BG group, but deficits in strength persisted with lower yield force and yield stress (partially independent of bone geometry) in the CANA group. Additionally, CANA only partially prevented the T2D-related loss in trabecular bone volume fraction. Taken together, these findings suggest that the ability of CANA to lower glucose and normalized glycemic control ameliorates diabetic bone disease but not fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Thrailkill
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America.
| | - R Clay Bunn
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- VA Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
| | - Philip Ray
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Iuliana Popescu
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Evangelia Kalaitzoglou
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - John L Fowlkes
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- VA Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
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Panayi AC, Endo Y, Karvar M, Sensharma P, Haug V, Fu S, Mi B, An Y, Orgill DP. Low mortality oxidative stress murine chronic wound model. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:e001221. [PMID: 32900696 PMCID: PMC7478002 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investigators have struggled to produce a reliable chronic wound model. Recent progress with antioxidant enzyme inhibitors shows promise, but mortality rates are high. We modified the dosage and administration of an antioxidant enzyme inhibitor regimen to reduce mortality while inducing a chronic wound environment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To chemically induce a chronic wound environment, we applied modified doses of catalase (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; intraperitoneal 0.5 g/kg) and glutathione peroxidase (mercaptosuccinic acid; topical 300 mg/kg) inhibitors to the dorsal wounds of 11-week-old db/db mice. A cohort of these mice was treated with a collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold. Both groups were compared with Diabetic control mice. RESULTS This study successfully induced a chronic wound in 11-week-old db/db mice, with no animal deaths. The antioxidant enzyme treated groups showed delayed wound contraction and significantly higher levels of inflammatory tissue, collagen deposition, cellular proliferation and leukocyte infiltration than the Diabetic control group. Angiogenesis was significantly higher in the antioxidant enzyme treated groups, but the vessels were immature and friable. Scaffold engraftment was poor but appeared to promote blood vessel maturation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the two in vivo groups treated with the antioxidant enzyme inhibitors appeared to be arrested in the inflammatory stage of wound healing, while the Diabetic control group progressed to the maturation phase and ultimately remodeling. This model may be instrumental for the development of new wound therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Panayi
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yori Endo
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mehran Karvar
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prerana Sensharma
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Valentin Haug
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Siqi Fu
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yang An
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Elafin inhibits obesity, hyperglycemia, and liver steatosis in high-fat diet-treated male mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12785. [PMID: 32733043 PMCID: PMC7393145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elafin is an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory protein. We hypothesize that elafin expression correlates with diabetes. Among non-diabetic and prediabetic groups, men have significantly higher serum elafin levels than women. Men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have significantly lower serum elafin levels than men without T2DM. Serum elafin levels are inversely correlated with fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels in men with T2DM, but not women with T2DM. Lentiviral elafin overexpression inhibited obesity, hyperglycemia, and liver steatosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-treated male mice. Elafin-overexpressing HFD-treated male mice had increased serum leptin levels, and serum exosomal miR181b-5p and miR219-5p expression. Transplantation of splenocytes and serum exosomes from elafin-overexpressing HFD-treated donor mice reduced food consumption and fat mass, and increased adipose tissue leptin mRNA expression in HFD-treated recipient mice. Elafin improved leptin sensitivity via reduced interferon-gamma expression and induced adipose leptin expression via increased miR181b-5p and miR219-5p expression. Subcutaneous and oral administration of modified elafin inhibited obesity, hyperglycemia, and liver steatosis in the HFD-treated mice. Circulating elafin levels are associated with hyperglycemia in men with T2DM. Elafin, via immune-derived miRNAs and cytokine, activates leptin sensitivity and expression that subsequently inhibit food consumption, obesity, hyperglycemia, and liver steatosis in HFD-treated male mice.
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Effect of Quamoclit angulata Extract Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation on Hyperglycemia-Induced Renal Damage in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060459. [PMID: 32471242 PMCID: PMC7346142 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by abnormalities of controlling blood glucose and insulin homeostasis. Especially, hyperglycemia causes hyper-inflammation through activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which can lead to cell apoptosis, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Quamoclit angulata (QA), one of the annual winders, has been shown ameliorative effects on diabetes. The current study investigated whether the QA extract (QAE) attenuated hyperglycemia-induced renal inflammation related to NLRP inflammasome and oxidative stress in high fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice. After T2DM was induced, the mice were treated with QAE (5 or 10 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 12 weeks. The QAE supplementation reduced homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), kidney malfunction, and glomerular hypertrophy in T2DM. Moreover, the QAE treatment significantly attenuated renal NLRP3 inflammasome dependent hyper-inflammation and consequential renal damage caused by oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis in T2DM. Furthermore, QAE normalized aberrant energy metabolism (downregulation of p-AMPK, sirtuin (SIRT)-1, and PPARγ-coactivator α (PGC-1 α)) in T2DM mice. Taken together, the results suggested that QAE as a natural product has ameliorative effects on renal damage by regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in T2DM.
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Russart KLG, Chbeir SA, Nelson RJ, Magalang UJ. Light at night exacerbates metabolic dysfunction in a polygenic mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Life Sci 2019; 231:116574. [PMID: 31207311 PMCID: PMC6689263 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Electric lighting is beneficial to modern society; however, it is becoming apparent that light at night (LAN) is not without biological consequences. Several studies have reported negative effects of LAN on health and behavior in humans and nonhuman animals. Exposure of non-diabetic mice to dim LAN impairs glucose tolerance, whereas a return to dark nights (LD) reverses this impairment. We predicted that exposure to LAN would exacerbate the metabolic abnormalities in TALLYHO/JngJ (TH) mice, a polygenic model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS We exposed 7-week old male TH mice to either LD or LAN for 8-10 weeks in two separate experiments. After 8 weeks of light treatment, we conducted intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing (ipGTT) followed by intraperitoneal insulin tolerance testing (ipITT). In Experiment 1, all mice were returned to LD for 4 weeks, and ipITT was repeated. KEY FINDINGS The major results of this study are i) LAN exposure for 8 weeks exacerbates glucose intolerance and insulin resistance ii) the effects of LAN on insulin resistance are reversed upon return to LD, iii) LAN exposure results in a greater increase in body weight compared to LD exposure, iv) LAN increases the incidence of mice developing overt T2DM, and v) LAN exposure decreases survival of mice with T2DM. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, LAN exacerbated metabolic abnormalities in a polygenic mouse model of T2DM, and these effects were reversed upon return to dark nights. The applicability of these findings to humans with T2DM needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L G Russart
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Souhad A Chbeir
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Ulysses J Magalang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Aaron-Brooks LM, Sasaki T, Vickman RE, Wei L, Franco OE, Ji Y, Crawford SE, Hayward SW. Hyperglycemia and T Cell infiltration are associated with stromal and epithelial prostatic hyperplasia in the nonobese diabetic mouse. Prostate 2019; 79:980-993. [PMID: 30999385 PMCID: PMC6591734 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatic inflammation and various proinflammatory systemic comorbidities, such as diabetes and obesity are associated with human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). There is a paucity of in vivo models reflecting specific aspects of BPH pathogenesis. Our aim was to investigate the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse as a potential model for subsequent intervention studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the NOD mouse, a model of autoimmune inflammation leading to type 1 diabetes to examine the effects of systemic inflammation and diabetes on the prostate. We assessed changes in prostatic histology, infiltrating leukocytes, and gene expression associated with aging and diabetic status. RESULTS Both stromal expansion and epithelial hyperplasia were observed in the prostates. Regardless of diabetic status, the degree of prostatic hyperplasia varied. Local inflammation was associated with a more severe prostatic phenotype in both diabetic and nondiabetic mice. Testicular atrophy was noted in diabetic mice, but prostate glands showed persistent focal cell proliferation. In addition, a prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)-like phenotype was seen in several diabetic animals with an associated increase in c-Myc and MMP-2 expression. To examine changes in gene and cytokine expression we performed microarray and cytokine array analysis comparing the prostates of diabetic and nondiabetic animals. Microarray analysis revealed several differentially expressed genes including CCL3, CCL12, and TNFS10. Cytokine array analysis revealed increased expression of cytokines and proteases such as LDLR, IL28 A/B, and MMP-2 in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION Overall, NOD mice provide a model to examine the effects of hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation on the prostate, demonstrating relevance to some of the mechanisms present underlying BPH and potentially the initiation of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaTayia M. Aaron-Brooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Renee E. Vickman
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lin Wei
- Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | - Omar E. Franco
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yuan Ji
- Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | - Susan E. Crawford
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Simon W. Hayward
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
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Fernandes FS, da Silva GS, Hilel AS, Carvalho AC, Remor KVT, Schlindwein AD, Kanis LA, Martins DF, Kviecinski MR. Study of the potential adverse effects caused by the dermal application of Dillenia indica L. fruit extract standardized to betulinic acid in rodents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217718. [PMID: 31150479 PMCID: PMC6544281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential adverse effects of the dermal administration of Dillenia indica Linnaeus (D. indica) fruit extract in healthy rodents; the extract was standardized to betulinic acid. In the initial phase, the acute effects were evaluated on the skin application site of a single extract dose. A skin irritation test was performed in male Wistar rats (n = 8/group) receiving the extract (50–150 mg/mL) with betulinic acid (0.5–1.5%, respectively). A photosensitivity test was performed in male BALB/c mice (n = 6/group) receiving the extract (150 mg/mL). Afterwards, other BALB/c mice (n = 20, male:female, 1:1) were used to assess the systemic alterations caused by 14 daily repeated doses (150 mg/mL) by monitoring the effects on mortality, body morphology, behavior, nutrition status, neuromotor reactions, organ morphology and weight, and blood tests. At this time, 0.5 mg/mL clobetasol was used as the positive control. The skin irritation index suggested that negligible skin irritation had occurred, even when the extract was applied to the rat skin at 150 mg/mL. However, the extract acted as a photosensitizer on mouse skin, showing a photosensitizing activity close to that of 10 mg/mL 5-methoxypsoralen. Repeated doses caused no mouse mortality, aggressiveness, piloerection, diarrhea, convulsions, neuromotor alterations or nutrition status changes. The mouse organ weights did not change, and the mice did not have alterations in their blood compositions. Clobetasol caused a reduction in the mononuclear leukocyte numbers. In general, the data suggest that the extract was safe in healthy rodents but indicate that caution should be taken with the photosensitizing activity; in addition, this activity should be further explored as it may be useful for phototherapeutic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia S. Fernandes
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gustavo S. da Silva
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S. Hilel
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Carvalho
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Karina V. T. Remor
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aline D. Schlindwein
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luiz A. Kanis
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel F. Martins
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maicon R. Kviecinski
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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Orduña Ríos M, Noguez Imm R, Hernández Godínez NM, Bautista Cortes AM, López Escalante DD, Liedtke W, Martínez Torres A, Concha L, Thébault S. TRPV4 inhibition prevents increased water diffusion and blood-retina barrier breakdown in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212158. [PMID: 31048895 PMCID: PMC6497373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in retinal hydro-mineral homeostasis imbalance during diabetic macular edema (DME) is needed to gain insights into retinal (patho-)physiology that will help elaborate innovative therapies with lower health care costs. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily vanilloid member 4 (TRPV4) plays an intricate role in homeostatic processes that needs to be deciphered in normal and diabetic retina. Based on previous findings showing that TRPV4 antagonists resolve blood-retina barrier (BRB) breakdown in diabetic rats, we evaluated whether TRPV4 channel inhibition prevents and reverts retinal edema in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. We assessed retinal edema using common metrics, including retinal morphology/thickness (histology) and BRB integrity (albumin-associated tracer), and also by quantifying water mobility through apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measures. ADC was measured by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), acquired ex vivo at 4 weeks after STZ injection in diabetes and control groups. DWI images were also used to assess retinal thickness. TRPV4 was genetically ablated or pharmacologically inhibited as follows: left eyes were used as vehicle control and right eyes were intravitreally injected with TRPV4-selective antagonist GSK2193874, 24 h before the end of the 4 weeks of diabetes. Histological data show that retinal thickness was similar in nondiabetic and diabetic wt groups but increased in diabetic Trpv4-/- mice. In contrast, DWI shows retinal thinning in diabetic wt mice that was absent in diabetic Trpv4-/- mice. Disorganized outer nuclear layer was observed in diabetic wt but not in diabetic Trpv4-/- retinas. We further demonstrate increased water diffusion, increased distances between photoreceptor nuclei, reduced nuclear area in all nuclear layers, and BRB hyperpermeability, in diabetic wt mice, effects that were absent in diabetic Trpv4-/- mice. Retinas of diabetic mice treated with PBS showed increased water diffusion that was not normalized by GSK2193874. ADC maps in nondiabetic Trpv4-/- mouse retinas showed restricted diffusion. Our data provide evidence that water diffusion is increased in diabetic mouse retinas and that TRPV4 function contributes to retinal hydro-mineral homeostasis and structure under control conditions, and to the development of BRB breakdown and increased water diffusion in the retina under diabetes conditions. A single intravitreous injection of TRPV4 antagonist is however not sufficient to revert these alterations in diabetic mouse retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricruz Orduña Ríos
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Ramsés Noguez Imm
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Ana María Bautista Cortes
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Wolfgang Liedtke
- Department of Medicine and Neurobiology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Atáulfo Martínez Torres
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Luis Concha
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Stéphanie Thébault
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
- * E-mail:
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Atef MM, El-Sayed NM, Ahmed AAM, Mostafa YM. Donepezil improves neuropathy through activation of AMPK signalling pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 159:1-10. [PMID: 30414938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and is associated with structural changes in the nerves. However, the molecular basis for DN is poorly understood. Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to regulate the activity of some kinases including protein kinase B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) that represent important signalling pathways modulating the function of peripheral nociceptive neuron. Donepezil can activate AMPK and exerts neuroprotective effects. In this study, streptozotocin (45 mg/kg for 5 Day, i.p.) was used to induce experimental DN. After confirmation of development of neuropathy, mice were randomly distributed into five groups: Group 1; negative control group received saline (0.9%NaCl), Group 2; diabetic mice received saline, Group (3-5); diabetic mice received daily donepezil (1, 2 or 4 mg/kg, p.o.) respectively for 20 days. Mice were then sacrificed under anesthesia then their sciatic nerve and spinal cord were dissected out and processed for biochemical and histopathological studies. Diabetic mice revealed severe histological abnormalities including degenerated neurons in the spinal cord and swollen myelin sheath with inflammatory edema observed in sciatic nerves. In addition, diabetic mice showed reduced expression of p-AMPK in sciatic nerves with consequent activation of AKT/MAPK/4EBP1. A significant upregulation of the N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in both cervical and lumbar regions of spinal cord of diabetic mice was also demonstrated. Donepezil, an AMPK activator, blocked the phosphorylation of AKT/MAPK/4EBP1, down regulate the expression of NMDA receptors and reversed hyperalgesia developed in diabetic mice. Therefore, Donepezil could be a potential pharmacological agent for management of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norhan M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Amal A M Ahmed
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Harrison LM, Gaines DW, Babu US, Balan KV, Reimschuessel R, Do AB, Pereira MR, Bigley EC, Ferguson M, Mehta A, Williams KM. Diet-induced obesity precipitates kidney dysfunction and alters inflammatory mediators in mice treated with Shiga Toxin 2. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:250-258. [PMID: 30016681 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Shiga Toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) continue to be a prominent cause of foodborne outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis worldwide, and can result in life-threatening diseases, including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), in susceptible individuals. Obesity-associated immune dysfunction has been shown to be a risk factor for infectious diseases, although few studies have addressed the role of obesity in foodborne diseases. We hypothesized that obesity may affect the development of HUS through an alteration of immune responses and kidney function. We combined diet-induced obese (DIO) and HUS mouse models to look for differences in disease outcome between DIO and wild-type (WT) male and female C57 B l/6 mice. Following multiple intraperitoneal injections with endotoxin-free saline or sublethal doses of purified Stx2, we examined DIO and WT mice for signs of HUS development. DIO mice receiving Stx2 injections lost more body weight, and had significantly higher (p < 0.001) BUN, serum creatinine, and neutrophil counts compared to WT mice or DIO mice receiving saline injections. Lymphocyte counts were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in Stx2-treated obese mice compared to WT mice or saline-treated DIO mice. In addition to increased Stx2-induced kidney dysfunction, DIO mouse kidneys also had significantly increased expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and KC RNA compared to saline controls (p < 0.05). Serum cytokine levels of IL-6 and KC were also significantly higher in Stx2-treated mice compared to saline controls, but there were no significant differences between the WT and DIO mice. WT and DIO mice treated with Stx2 exhibited significantly higher degrees of kidney tubular dilation and necrosis as well as some signs of tissue repair/regeneration, but did not appear to progress to the full pathology typically associated with human HUS. Although the combined obesity/HUS mouse model did not manifest into HUS symptoms and pathogenesis, these data demonstrate that obesity alters kidney function, inflammatory cells and cytokine production in response to Stx2, and may play a role in HUS severity in a susceptible model of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Harrison
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA.
| | - Dennis W Gaines
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Uma S Babu
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Kannan V Balan
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Renate Reimschuessel
- Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Andrew B Do
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Marion R Pereira
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Elmer C Bigley
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Martine Ferguson
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Akshita Mehta
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Kristina M Williams
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
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Zhou W, Ramachandran D, Mansouri A, Dailey MJ. Glucose stimulates intestinal epithelial crypt proliferation by modulating cellular energy metabolism. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3465-3475. [PMID: 28926104 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays an essential role in nutrient absorption, hormone release, and barrier function. Maintenance of the epithelium is driven by continuous cell renewal by stem cells located in the intestinal crypts. The amount and type of diet influence this process and result in changes in the size and cellular make-up of the tissue. The mechanism underlying the nutrient-driven changes in proliferation is not known, but may involve a shift in intracellular metabolism that allows for more nutrients to be used to manufacture new cells. We hypothesized that nutrient availability drives changes in cellular energy metabolism of small intestinal epithelial crypts that could contribute to increases in crypt proliferation. We utilized primary small intestinal epithelial crypts from C57BL/6J mice to study (1) the effect of glucose on crypt proliferation and (2) the effect of glucose on crypt metabolism using an extracellular flux analyzer for real-time metabolic measurements. We found that glucose increased both crypt proliferation and glycolysis, and the glycolytic pathway inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) attenuated glucose-induced crypt proliferation. Glucose did not enhance glucose oxidation, but did increase the maximum mitochondrial respiratory capacity, which may contribute to glucose-induced increases in proliferation. Glucose activated Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway, which might be at least in part responsible for glucose-induced glycolysis and cell proliferation. These results suggest that high glucose availability induces an increase in crypt proliferation by inducing an increase in glycolysis with no change in glucose oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Zhou
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Abdelhak Mansouri
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Megan J Dailey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Arguin G, Bourzac JF, Placet M, Molle CM, Paquette M, Beaudoin JF, Rousseau JA, Lecomte R, Plourde M, Gendron FP. The loss of P2X7 receptor expression leads to increase intestinal glucose transit and hepatic steatosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12917. [PMID: 29018292 PMCID: PMC5635021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), it was reported that the activation of the P2X7 receptor leads to the internalization of the glucose transporter GLUT2, which is accompanied by a reduction of IEC capacity to transport glucose. In this study, we used P2rx7 -/- mice to decipher P2X7 functions in intestinal glucose transport and to evaluate the impacts on metabolism. Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed the presence of GLUT2 at the apical domain of P2rx7 -/- jejunum enterocytes. Positron emission tomography and biodistribution studies demonstrated that glucose was more efficiently delivered to the circulation of knockout animals. These findings correlated with increase blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides and cholesterol levels. In fact, P2rx7 -/- mice had increased serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels and displayed glucose intolerance and resistance to insulin. Finally, P2rx7 -/- mice developed a hepatic steatosis characterized by a reduction of Acaca, Acacb, Fasn and Acox1 mRNA expression, as well as for ACC and FAS protein expression. Our study suggests that P2X7 could play a central role in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Arguin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Bourzac
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Morgane Placet
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline M Molle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Paquette
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre of CRCHUS and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaudoin
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre of CRCHUS and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques A Rousseau
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre of CRCHUS and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Roger Lecomte
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre of CRCHUS and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Fernand-Pierre Gendron
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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Blackmore K, Zhou W, Dailey MJ. LKB1-AMPK modulates nutrient-induced changes in the mode of division of intestinal epithelial crypt cells in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1490-1498. [PMID: 28766983 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217724427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient availability influences intestinal epithelial stem cell proliferation and tissue growth. Increases in food result in a greater number of epithelial cells, villi height and crypt depth. We investigated whether this nutrient-driven expansion of the tissue is the result of a change in the mode of intestinal epithelial stem cell division and if LKB1-AMPK signaling plays a role. We utilized in vivo and in vitro experiments to test this hypothesis. C57BL/6J mice were separated into four groups and fed varying amounts of chow for 18 h: (1) ad libitum, (2) 50% of their average daily intake (3) fasted or (4) fasted for 12 h and refed. Mice were sacrificed, intestinal sections excised and immunohistochemically processed to determine the mitotic spindle orientation. Epithelial organoids in vitro were treated with no (0 mM), low (5 mM) or high (20 mM) amounts of glucose with or without an activator (Metformin) or inhibitor (Compound C) of LKB1-AMPK signaling. Cells were then processed to determine the mode of stem cell division. Fasted mice show a greater % of asymmetrically dividing cells compared with the other feeding groups. Organoids incubated with 0 mM glucose resulted in a greater % of asymmetrically dividing cells compared with the low or high-glucose conditions. In addition, LKB1-AMPK activation attenuated the % of symmetric division normally seen in high-glucose conditions. In contrast, LKB1-AMPK inhibition attenuated the % of asymmetric division normally seen in no glucose conditions. These data suggest that nutrient availability dictates the mode of division and that LKB1-AMPK mediates this nutrient-driven effect on intestinal epithelial stem cell proliferation. Impact statement The underlying cell biology of changes in the polarity of mitotic spindles and its relevance to tissue growth is a new concept and, thus, these data provide novel findings to begin to explain how this process contributes to the regeneration and growth of tissues. We find that short-term changes in food intake in vivo or glucose availability in vitro dictate the mode of division of crypt cells. In addition, we find that LKB1-AMPK signaling modulates the glucose-induced changes in the mode of division in vitro. Identifying mechanisms involved in the mode of division may provide new targets to control tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Blackmore
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Weinan Zhou
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Megan J Dailey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Abstract
It has been demonstrated that microfluidic systems allow integration of sampling, reagent mixing, and rapid electrophoretic analysis. They have also proven useful for culturing cells wherein control over the environment allows novel and automated experiments. Here, we describe a microchip-based electrophoresis assay that allows cell culture and hormone monitoring. An online gradient generator can control cell culture condition precisely. This system has been applied for Pancreas islets' glucose sensitivity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Streptococcus pneumoniae Senses a Human-like Sialic Acid Profile via the Response Regulator CiaR. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 20:307-317. [PMID: 27593514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human-adapted pathogen that encounters terminally sialylated glycoconjugates and free sialic acid (Sia) in the airways. Upon scavenging by the bacterial sialidase NanA, Sias serve as carbon sources for the bacteria. Unlike most animals in which cytidine-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) converts Sia N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) into N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), humans have an inactive CMAH, causing an absence of Neu5Gc and excess Neu5Ac. We find that pneumococcal challenge in Cmah(-/-) mice leads to heightened bacterial loads, virulence, and NanA expression. In vitro, NanA is upregulated in response to Neu5Ac compared with Neu5Gc, a process controlled by the two-component response regulator CiaR and requiring Sia uptake by the transporter SatABC. Additionally, compared with Neu5Gc, Neu5Ac increases pneumococcal resistance to antimicrobial reactive oxygen species in a CiaR-dependent manner. Thus, S. pneumoniae senses and responds to Neu5Ac, leading to CiaR activation and increased virulence and potentially explaining the greater susceptibility in humans.
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Imam-Fulani AO, Bamikole OK, Owoyele BV. Effects of Caffeine Administration on Brain Sodium-Potassium ATPase Activity in Healthy and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Female Wistar Rats. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2015.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Mouse Models of Diabetes, Obesity and Related Kidney Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162131. [PMID: 27579698 PMCID: PMC5006968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple rodent models have been used to study diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The purpose of the present study was to compare models of diabetes and obesity-induced metabolic syndrome and determine differences in renal outcomes. C57BL/6 male mice were fed either normal chow or high fat diet (HFD). At postnatal week 8, chow-fed mice were randomly assigned to low-dose streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg/day, five consecutive days) or vehicle control, whereas HFD-fed mice were given either one high-dose of STZ (100 mg/kg) or vehicle control. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were performed at Week 14, 20 and 30. Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) and serum creatinine were measured, and renal structure was assessed using Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining at Week 32. Results showed that chow-fed mice exposed to five doses of STZ resembled type 1 diabetes mellitus with a lean phenotype, hyperglycaemia, microalbuminuria and increased serum creatinine levels. Their kidneys demonstrated moderate tubular injury with evidence of tubular dilatation and glycogenated nuclear inclusion bodies. HFD-fed mice resembled metabolic syndrome as they were obese with dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and significantly impaired glucose tolerance. One dose STZ, in addition to HFD, did not worsen metabolic features (including fasting glucose, non esterified fatty acid, and triglyceride levels). There were significant increases in urinary ACR and serum creatinine levels, and renal structural changes were predominantly related to interstitial vacuolation and tubular dilatation in HFD-fed mice.
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Study of the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes mellitus through animal models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 63:345-53. [PMID: 27246633 DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Most research in diabetes mellitus (DM) has been conducted in animals, and their replacement is currently a chimera. As compared to when they started to be used by modern science in the 17th century, a very high number of animal models of diabetes is now available, and they provide new insights into almost every aspect of diabetes. Approaches combining human, in vitro, and animal studies are probably the best strategy to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of diabetes, and the choice of the best model to achieve such objective is crucial. Traditionally classified based on pathogenesis as spontaneous or induced models, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The most common animal models of diabetes are described, and in addition to non-obese diabetic mice, biobreeding diabetes-prone (BB-DP) rats, streptozotocin-induced models, or high-fat diet-induced diabetic C57Bl/6J mice, new valuable models, such as dogs and cats with spontaneous diabetes, are described.
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Evans MC, Rizwan MZ, Anderson GM. Insulin Does Not Target CamkIIα Neurones to Critically Regulate the Neuroendocrine Reproductive Axis in Mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:899-910. [PMID: 26485112 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signalling in the brain plays an important role in the central regulation of energy homeostasis and fertility, such that mice exhibiting widespread deletion of insulin receptors (InsR) throughout the brain and peripheral nervous system display diet sensitive obesity and hypothalamic hypogonadism. However, the specific cell types mediating the central effects of insulin on fertility remain largely unidentified. To date, the targeted deletion of InsR from individual neuronal populations implicated in the metabolic control of fertility has failed to recapitulate the hypogonadic and subfertile phenotype observed in brain-specific InsR knockout mice. Because insulin and leptin share similar roles as centrally-acting metabolic regulators of fertility, we used the Cre-loxP system to generate mice with a selective inactivation of the Insr gene from the same widespread neuronal population previously shown to mediate the central effects of leptin on fertility by crossing Insr-flox mice with calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IIα (CamkIIα)-Cre mice. Multiple reproductive and metabolic parameters were then compared between male and female Insr-flox/Cre-positive (CamK-IRKO) and Insr-flox/Cre-negative control mice. Consistent with brain-specific InsR knockout mice, CamK-IRKO mice exhibited a mild but significant obesogenic phenotype. Unexpectedly, CamK-IRKO mice exhibited normal reproductive maturation and function compared to controls. No differences in the age of puberty onset, oestrous cyclicity or fecundity were observed between CamK-IRKO and control mice. We conclude that the central effects of insulin on the neuroendocrine reproductive axis are not critically mediated via the same neuronal populations targeted by leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Evans
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M Z Rizwan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - G M Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Zhou AL, Hergert N, Rompato G, Lefevre M. Whole grain oats improve insulin sensitivity and plasma cholesterol profile and modify gut microbiota composition in C57BL/6J mice. J Nutr 2015; 145:222-30. [PMID: 25644341 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.199778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole grain consumption reduces the risk of major chronic diseases. It is not clear how whole grains exert their beneficial effects. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare the physiologic effects of whole grain oat (WGO) flour with low bran oat (LBO) flour. METHODS Two AIN-93G-based diets were formulated with either WGO or LBO flour. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed LBO (n = 11) and WGO (n = 13) diets for 8 wk. Cecal microbiota was profiled by pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Data are reported as means ± SEMs or antilogs of the mean (mean - SEM, mean + SEM). RESULTS The weight gain was 14.6% less in the WGO group during week 7 (P = 0.04). WGO improved insulin sensitivity as reflected by significantly lower plasma insulin [1500 (1370, 1650) ng/L vs. 2340 (2090, 2620) ng/L; P = 0.006], C-peptide (3980 ± 548 ng/L vs. 7340 ± 1050 ng/L; P = 0.007), and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (21.4 ± 2.3 vs. 34.7 ± 4.9; P = 0.03). Plasma total cholesterol was 9.9% less and non-HDL cholesterol was 11% less in the WGO group. A comparison of relative abundance indicated Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Alcaligenaceae families were 175.5% (P = 0.03), 184.5% (P = 0.01), and 150.0% (P = 0.004), respectively, greater in the WGO group and Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae families were 527% (P = 0.004) and 62.6% (P = 0.01), respectively, greater in the LBO group. Cecal microbiota composition predicts 63.9% variation in plasma insulin and 88.9% variation in plasma non-HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS In mice, WGOs improved insulin sensitivity and plasma cholesterol profile compared with LBOs, and the effects were associated with the changes in cecal microbiota composition. Increasing WGO consumption may help improve insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Lihong Zhou
- Utah Science Technology and Research Initiative (USTAR), Applied Nutrition Research, and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences
| | - Nancie Hergert
- Utah Science Technology and Research Initiative (USTAR), Applied Nutrition Research, and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences
| | - Giovanni Rompato
- Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Michael Lefevre
- Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT
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Kowalski GM, Bruce CR. The regulation of glucose metabolism: implications and considerations for the assessment of glucose homeostasis in rodents. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E859-71. [PMID: 25205823 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00165.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing at alarming rates. In the quest to understand the underlying causes of and to identify novel therapeutic targets to treat T2D, scientists have become increasingly reliant on the use of rodent models. Here, we provide a discussion on the regulation of rodent glucose metabolism, highlighting key differences and similarities that exist between rodents and humans. In addition, some of the issues and considerations associated with assessing glucose homeostasis and insulin action are outlined. We also discuss the role of the liver vs. skeletal muscle in regulating whole body glucose metabolism in rodents, emphasizing the importance of defective hepatic glucose metabolism in the development of impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Kowalski
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Hughey CC, Wasserman DH, Lee-Young RS, Lantier L. Approach to assessing determinants of glucose homeostasis in the conscious mouse. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:522-38. [PMID: 25074441 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes lessen the quality of life of those afflicted and place considerable burden on the healthcare system. Furthermore, the detrimental impact of these pathologies is expected to persist or even worsen. Diabetes is characterized by impaired insulin action and glucose homeostasis. This has led to a rapid increase in the number of mouse models of metabolic disease being used in the basic sciences to assist in facilitating a greater understanding of the metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity and diabetes, the identification of therapeutic targets, and the discovery of effective treatments. This review briefly describes the most frequently utilized models of metabolic disease. A presentation of standard methods and technologies on the horizon for assessing metabolic phenotypes in mice, with particular emphasis on glucose handling and energy balance, is provided. The article also addresses issues related to study design, selection and execution of metabolic tests of glucose metabolism, the presentation of data, and interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis C Hughey
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 823 Light Hall, 2215 Garland Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,
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Ríos-Silva M, Trujillo X, Trujillo-Hernández B, Sánchez-Pastor E, Urzúa Z, Mancilla E, Huerta M. Effect of chronic administration of forskolin on glycemia and oxidative stress in rats with and without experimental diabetes. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:448-52. [PMID: 24688307 PMCID: PMC3970096 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forskolin is a diterpene derived from the plant Coleus forskohlii. Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, which increases intracellular cAMP levels. The antioxidant and antiinflammatory action of forskolin is due to inhibition of macrophage activation with a subsequent reduction in thromboxane B2 and superoxide levels. These characteristics have made forskolin an effective medication for heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and asthma. Here, we evaluated the effects of chronic forskolin administration on blood glucose and oxidative stress in 19 male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes compared to 8 healthy male Wistar rats. Rats were treated with forskolin, delivered daily for 8 weeks. Glucose was assessed by measuring fasting blood glucose in diabetic rats and with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in healthy rats. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‑OHdG) in 24-h urine samples. In diabetic rats, without forskolin, fasting blood glucose was significantly higher at the end than at the beginning of the experiment (8 weeks). In both healthy and diabetic rats, forskolin treatment lowered the fasting glucose at the end of the experiment but no effect was found on oral glucose tolerance. The 8-OHdG levels tended to be less elevated in forskolin-treated than in untreated group. Our results showed that chronic administration of forskolin decreased fasting blood glucose levels; however, the reductions of 8-OHdG were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Ríos-Silva
- 1. Enrico Stefani building, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio #965, colonia Villas de San Sebastián, C.P. 28040. Colima, Colima, México
| | - Xóchitl Trujillo
- 1. Enrico Stefani building, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio #965, colonia Villas de San Sebastián, C.P. 28040. Colima, Colima, México
| | | | - Enrique Sánchez-Pastor
- 1. Enrico Stefani building, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio #965, colonia Villas de San Sebastián, C.P. 28040. Colima, Colima, México
| | - Zorayda Urzúa
- 3. Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 19, Coordinación de Educación en Salud e Investigación Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Colima, Colima, México
| | - Evelyn Mancilla
- 1. Enrico Stefani building, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio #965, colonia Villas de San Sebastián, C.P. 28040. Colima, Colima, México
| | - Miguel Huerta
- 1. Enrico Stefani building, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio #965, colonia Villas de San Sebastián, C.P. 28040. Colima, Colima, México
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Dissard R, Klein J, Caubet C, Breuil B, Siwy J, Hoffman J, Sicard L, Ducassé L, Rascalou S, Payre B, Buléon M, Mullen W, Mischak H, Tack I, Bascands JL, Buffin-Meyer B, Schanstra JP. Long term metabolic syndrome induced by a high fat high fructose diet leads to minimal renal injury in C57BL/6 mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76703. [PMID: 24098551 PMCID: PMC3789664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome can induce chronic kidney disease in humans. Genetically engineered mice on a C57BL/6 background are highly used for mechanistic studies. Although it has been shown that metabolic syndrome induces cardiovascular lesions in C57BL/6 mice, in depth renal phenotyping has never been performed. Therefore in this study we characterized renal function and injury in C57BL/6 mice with long-term metabolic syndrome induced by a high fat and fructose diet (HFFD). C57BL/6 mice received an 8 months HFFD diet enriched with fat (45% energy from fat) and drinking water enriched with fructose (30%). Body weight, food/water consumption, energy intake, fat/lean mass ratio, plasma glucose, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and cholesterol levels were monitored. At 3, 6 and 8 months, renal function was determined by inulin clearance and measure of albuminuria. At sacrifice, kidneys and liver were collected. Metabolic syndrome in C57BL/6 mice fed a HFFD was observed as early 4 weeks with development of type 2 diabetes at 8 weeks after initiation of diet. However, detailed analysis of kidney structure and function showed only minimal renal injury after 8 months of HFFD. HFFD induced moderate glomerular hyperfiltration (436,4 µL/min vs 289,8 µL/min; p-value=0.0418) together with a 2-fold increase in albuminuria only after 8 months of HFFD. This was accompanied by a 2-fold increase in renal inflammation (p-value=0.0217) but without renal fibrosis or mesangial matrix expansion. In addition, electron microscopy did not show alterations in glomeruli such as basal membrane thickening and foot process effacement. Finally, comparison of the urinary peptidome of these mice with the urinary peptidome from humans with diabetic nephropathy also suggested absence of diabetic nephropathy in this model. This study provides evidence that the HFFD C57BL/6 model is not the optimal model to study the effects of metabolic syndrome on the development of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Dissard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Klein
- Plateau de Protéomique des Liquides Biologiques, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Caubet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Breuil
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Plateau de Protéomique des Liquides Biologiques, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
| | - Justyna Siwy
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Sicard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Ducassé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Rascalou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Payre
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Buléon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - William Mullen
- Department of Proteomics and Systems Medicine, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Harald Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Proteomics and Systems Medicine, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Tack
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Bénédicte Buffin-Meyer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Joost P. Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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Urzúa Z, Trujillo X, Huerta M, Trujillo-Hernández B, Ríos-Silva M, Onetti C, Ortiz-Mesina M, Sánchez-Pastor E. Effects of chronic caffeine administration on blood glucose levels and on glucose tolerance in healthy and diabetic rats. J Int Med Res 2013; 40:2220-30. [PMID: 23321179 DOI: 10.1177/030006051204000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the effect of chronic caffeine use on risk reduction and prognosis of diabetes mellitus. METHODS In this 60-day study, five groups of 11 healthy male Wistar rats were selected to receive one of four doses (37.5, 56.2, 75.0 or 93.0 mg/kg per day) of caffeine orally or no caffeine (control). The effect of caffeine on glycaemia and glucose tolerance was evaluated. After 15 days, each group was treated with 60 mg/kg of streptozotocine to induce diabetes mellitus, and glycaemia and glucose tolerance were assessed for a further 45 days. RESULTS In nondiabetic rats, caffeine had no effect on blood glucose. Compared with controls, the fasting blood glucose levels declined significantly in two caffeine-treated groups (93.0 mg/kg per day and 56.2 mg/kg per day) during the first 15 days following diabetes induction. Glucose tolerance was significantly improved 120 min after glucose loading in all caffeine-treated groups. The mean ± SE half-maximal effective concentration of caffeine was 35.79 ± 2.44 mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS Blood glucose levels decreased, and glucose tolerance improved, in diabetic rats administered increasing doses of caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Urzúa
- Dr Enrico Stefani Experimental Unit, University Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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Berndt A, Sundberg BA, Silva KA, Kennedy VE, Richardson MA, Li Q, Bronson RT, Uitto J, Sundberg JP. Phenotypic characterization of the KK/HlJ inbred mouse strain. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:846-57. [PMID: 24009271 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813501335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Detailed histopathological diagnoses of inbred mouse strains are important for interpreting research results and defining novel models of human diseases. The aim of this study was to histologically detect lesions affecting the KK/HlJ inbred strain. Mice were examined at 6, 12, and 20 months of age and near natural death (ie, moribund mice). Histopathological lesions were quantified by percentage of affected mice per age group and sex. Predominant lesions were mineralization, hyperplasia, and fibro-osseous lesions. Mineralization was most frequently found in the connective tissue dermal sheath of vibrissae, the heart, and the lung. Mineralization was also found in many other organs but to a lesser degree. Hyperplasia was found most commonly in the pancreatic islets, and fibro-osseous lesions were observed in several bones. The percentage of lesions increased with age until 20 months. This study shows that KK/HlJ mice demonstrate systemic aberrant mineralization, with greatest frequency in aged mice. The detailed information about histopathological lesions in the inbred strain KK/HlJ can help investigators to choose the right model and correctly interpret the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berndt
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - K A Silva
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | | | - M A Richardson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Q Li
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - J Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Efficacy of azelaic acid on hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in high fat diet induced type 2 diabetic mice. Biochimie 2013; 95:1239-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shavlakadze T, Soffe Z, Anwari T, Cozens G, Grounds MD. Short-term feed deprivation rapidly induces the protein degradation pathway in skeletal muscles of young mice. J Nutr 2013; 143:403-9. [PMID: 23406617 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.171967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of protein kinase B (AKT) and S6 kinase1 (p70S6K) activity is widely used to assess the efficacy of interventions designed to increase or maintain skeletal muscle mass; these studies are often performed on feed-deprived mice. One problem associated with feed deprivation is that it promotes catabolism, and young or metabolically compromised mice may have less tolerance. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of various times of feed deprivation on the activity of AKT and p70S6K signaling and markers of protein catabolism in young, growing mice compared with adult mice. Young 23-d-old and adult 3-mo-old mice were feed deprived for 8, 10, and 12 h starting at 0700 h. In addition, adult mice were feed deprived for 24 h. AKT(Ser473) phosphorylation decreased by 50 and 76% from fed amounts by 10 and 12 h of feed deprivation, respectively, in young but not adult muscles. In adult muscles, feed deprivation for 24 h reduced AKT(Ser473) phosphorylation by 70%. Significant de-phosphorylation of p70S6K(Thr389) occurred in all feed-deprived young and adult mice. There was an increase in muscle RING-finger protein-1 (Murf1; 133-1245%) and muscle atrophy F-box protein or Atrogin-1 (Fbxo32; 210-2420%) mRNA in all young but not adult groups deprived of feed for 8-12 h, and there was a trend (P = 0.08) toward increased MURF1 associated with the contractile protein-enriched fraction isolated from young muscles of mice feed deprived for 12 h. This study demonstrates that skeletal muscles of young mice respond rapidly to feed deprivation by decreasing AKT activity and upregulating the protein degradation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Shavlakadze
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
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Absood A, Gandomani B, Zaki A, Nasta V, Michail A, Habib PMW, Hodish I. Insulin therapy for pre-hyperglycemic beta-cell endoplasmic reticulum crowding. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54351. [PMID: 23408938 PMCID: PMC3567120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin therapy improves β-cell function in early stages of diabetes by mechanisms that may exceed alleviation of glucotoxicity. In advance type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia causes β-cell damage and ultimately β-cell loss. At such an advanced stage, therapeutic modalities are often inadequate. Growing evidence indicates that in early stages of type-2 diabetes and some types of monogenic diabetes linked with malfunctioning endoplasmic-reticulum (ER), the β-cell ER fails to process sufficient proinsulin once it becomes overloaded. These changes manifest with ER distention (ER-crowding) and deficiency of secretory granules. We hypothesize that insulin therapy may improves β-cell function by alleviating ER-crowding. To support this hypothesis, we investigated pre-diabetic β-cell changes in hProC(A7)Y-CpepGFP transgenic mice that develop prolonged pre-diabetes due to proinsulin dysmaturation and ER-crowding. We attenuated the β-cell ER proinsulin synthesis with a treat-to-target insulin therapy while avoiding hypoglycemia and weight gain. Alleviation of ER-crowding resulted in temporary improvement in proinsulin maturation, insulin secretion and glucose tolerance. Our observations suggest that alleviation of pre-diabetic ER-crowding using a treat-to-target insulin therapy may improve β-cell function and may prevent further metabolic deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Absood
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Gandomani
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Anthony Zaki
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Vlad Nasta
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrew Michail
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Israel Hodish
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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NAKAMURA H, KAWAMATA Y, KUWAHARA T, SMRIGA M, SAKAI R. Long-Term Ingestion of Monosodium L-Glutamate Did Not Induce Obesity, Dyslipidemia or Insulin Resistance: A Two-Generation Study in Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2013; 59:129-35. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.59.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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