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Bordan Z, Batori RK, Haigh S, Li X, Meadows ML, Brown ZL, West MA, Dong K, Han W, Su Y, Ma Q, Huo Y, Zhou J, Abdelbary M, Sullivan JC, Weintraub NL, Stepp DW, Chen F, Barman SA, Fulton DJR. PDZ-Binding Kinase, a Novel Regulator of Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 2024; 150:393-410. [PMID: 38682326 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.067095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is high blood pressure in the lungs that originates from structural changes in small resistance arteries. A defining feature of PAH is the inappropriate remodeling of pulmonary arteries (PA) leading to right ventricle failure and death. Although treatment of PAH has improved, the long-term prognosis for patients remains poor, and more effective targets are needed. METHODS Gene expression was analyzed by microarray, RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunostaining of lung and isolated PA in multiple mouse and rat models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and human PAH. PH was assessed by digital ultrasound, hemodynamic measurements, and morphometry. RESULTS Microarray analysis of the transcriptome of hypertensive rat PA identified a novel candidate, PBK (PDZ-binding kinase), that was upregulated in multiple models and species including humans. PBK is a serine/threonine kinase with important roles in cell proliferation that is minimally expressed in normal tissues but significantly increased in highly proliferative tissues. PBK was robustly upregulated in the medial layer of PA, where it overlaps with markers of smooth muscle cells. Gain-of-function approaches show that active forms of PBK increase PA smooth muscle cell proliferation, whereas silencing PBK, dominant negative PBK, and pharmacological inhibitors of PBK all reduce proliferation. Pharmacological inhibitors of PBK were effective in PH reversal strategies in both mouse and rat models, providing translational significance. In a complementary genetic approach, PBK was knocked out in rats using CRISPR/Cas9 editing, and loss of PBK prevented the development of PH. We found that PBK bound to PRC1 (protein regulator of cytokinesis 1) in PA smooth muscle cells and that multiple genes involved in cytokinesis were upregulated in experimental models of PH and human PAH. Active PBK increased PRC1 phosphorylation and supported cytokinesis in PA smooth muscle cells, whereas silencing or dominant negative PBK reduced cytokinesis and the number of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS PBK is a newly described target for PAH that is upregulated in proliferating PA smooth muscle cells, where it contributes to proliferation through changes in cytokinesis and cell cycle dynamics to promote medial thickening, fibrosis, increased PA resistance, elevated right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular remodeling, and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Bordan
- Vascular Biology Center (Z.B., R.K.B., S.H., Z.L.B., M.A.W., Q.M., Y.H., N.L.W., D.W.S., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Robert K Batori
- Vascular Biology Center (Z.B., R.K.B., S.H., Z.L.B., M.A.W., Q.M., Y.H., N.L.W., D.W.S., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Stephen Haigh
- Vascular Biology Center (Z.B., R.K.B., S.H., Z.L.B., M.A.W., Q.M., Y.H., N.L.W., D.W.S., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Xueyi Li
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (X.L.)
| | - Mary Louise Meadows
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.L.M., W.H., Y.S., J.Z., S.A.B., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Zach L Brown
- Vascular Biology Center (Z.B., R.K.B., S.H., Z.L.B., M.A.W., Q.M., Y.H., N.L.W., D.W.S., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Madison A West
- Vascular Biology Center (Z.B., R.K.B., S.H., Z.L.B., M.A.W., Q.M., Y.H., N.L.W., D.W.S., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- Vascular Biology Center (Z.B., R.K.B., S.H., Z.L.B., M.A.W., Q.M., Y.H., N.L.W., D.W.S., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Weihong Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.L.M., W.H., Y.S., J.Z., S.A.B., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.L.M., W.H., Y.S., J.Z., S.A.B., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Qian Ma
- Vascular Biology Center (Z.B., R.K.B., S.H., Z.L.B., M.A.W., Q.M., Y.H., N.L.W., D.W.S., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center (Z.B., R.K.B., S.H., Z.L.B., M.A.W., Q.M., Y.H., N.L.W., D.W.S., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.L.M., W.H., Y.S., J.Z., S.A.B., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Mahmoud Abdelbary
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (M.A.)
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Immunology Center of Georgia (K.D.), Department of Physiology (J.C.S.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center (Z.B., R.K.B., S.H., Z.L.B., M.A.W., Q.M., Y.H., N.L.W., D.W.S., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - David W Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center (Z.B., R.K.B., S.H., Z.L.B., M.A.W., Q.M., Y.H., N.L.W., D.W.S., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (F.C.)
| | - Scott A Barman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.L.M., W.H., Y.S., J.Z., S.A.B., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - David J R Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center (Z.B., R.K.B., S.H., Z.L.B., M.A.W., Q.M., Y.H., N.L.W., D.W.S., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.L.M., W.H., Y.S., J.Z., S.A.B., D.J.R.F.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
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2
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Kim JY, Kim CW, Oh SY, Jang S, Yetunde OZ, Kim BA, Hong SH, Kim I. Akkermansia muciniphila extracellular vesicles have a protective effect against hypertension. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1642-1653. [PMID: 38503939 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila (Am) shows a beneficial role as a probiotic in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. However, the mechanism remains to be elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that Am extracellular vesicles (AmEVs) have a protective effect against hypertension. Extracellular vesicles purified from anaerobically cultured Am were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and silver stain after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). AmEVs (1.0 × 1010 log particles/L) or vehicles were added into organ baths to induce vasorelaxation. In addition, AmEVs (1.0 × 108 or 1.0 × 109 particles/kg) or vehicles were injected into the tail veins of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) weekly for 4 weeks. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and splenocytes isolated from both rat strains were analyzed by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and western blot. AmEVs affected neither vascular contraction nor endothelial relaxation in thoracic aortas. Moreover, AmEVs protected against the development of hypertension in SHRs without a serious adverse reaction. Additionally, AmEVs increased the population of T regulatory (Treg) cells and tended to reduce proinflammatory cytokines. These results indicate that AmEVs have a protective effect against hypertension without a serious adverse reaction. Therefore, it is foreseen that AmEVs may be utilized as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong-Wun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Olarinoye Zainab Yetunde
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo A Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inkyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Hao XM, Liu Y, Hailaiti D, Gong Y, Zhang XD, Yue BN, Liu JP, Wu XL, Yang KZ, Wang J, Liu QG. Mechanisms of inflammation modulation by different immune cells in hypertensive nephropathy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1333170. [PMID: 38545112 PMCID: PMC10965702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive nephropathy (HTN) is the second leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and a chronic inflammatory disease. Persistent hypertension leads to lesions of intrarenal arterioles and arterioles, luminal stenosis, secondary ischemic renal parenchymal damage, and glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. Studying the pathogenesis of hypertensive nephropathy is a prerequisite for diagnosis and treatment. The main cause of HTN is poor long-term blood pressure control, but kidney damage is often accompanied by the occurrence of immune inflammation. Some studies have found that the activation of innate immunity, inflammation and acquired immunity is closely related to the pathogenesis of HTN, which can cause damage and dysfunction of target organs. There are more articles on the mechanism of diabetic nephropathy, while there are fewer studies related to immunity in hypertensive nephropathy. This article reviews the mechanisms by which several different immune cells and inflammatory cytokines regulate blood pressure and renal damage in HTN. It mainly focuses on immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines and inhibitors. However, further comprehensive and large-scale studies are needed to determine the role of these markers and provide effective protocols for clinical intervention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Hao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yu Gong
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Nan Yue
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Peng Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Zhen Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Guo Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Gao S, Liu XP, Li TT, Chen L, Feng YP, Wang YK, Yin YJ, Little PJ, Wu XQ, Xu SW, Jiang XD. Animal models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): from metabolic pathobiology to drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:23-35. [PMID: 37644131 PMCID: PMC10770177 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is currently a preeminent challenge for cardiovascular medicine. It has a poor prognosis, increasing mortality, and is escalating in prevalence worldwide. Despite accounting for over 50% of all HF patients, the mechanistic underpinnings driving HFpEF are poorly understood, thus impeding the discovery and development of mechanism-based therapies. HFpEF is a disease syndrome driven by diverse comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes and obesity, pulmonary hypertension, aging, and atrial fibrillation. There is a lack of high-fidelity animal models that faithfully recapitulate the HFpEF phenotype, owing primarily to the disease heterogeneity, which has hampered our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of HFpEF. This review provides an updated overview of the currently available animal models of HFpEF and discusses their characteristics from the perspective of energy metabolism. Interventional strategies for efficiently utilizing energy substrates in preclinical HFpEF models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Xue-Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Yi-Ping Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Yu-Kun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Yan-Jun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Xiao-Qian Wu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Suo-Wen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Xu-Dong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China.
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Jang S, Kim JY, Kim CW, Kim I. Hypertonic Salt Solution Enhances Inflammatory Responses in Cultured Splenic T-Cells from Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats but Not Dahl Salt-Resistant Rats. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:414. [PMID: 37887861 PMCID: PMC10607114 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to delineate the effect of sodium chloride on the induction of inflammatory responses and the development of hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) and salt-resistant (SR) rats. Splenocytes were isolated from the spleens of SS and SR rats, and cultured on anti-CD3-coated plates for 5 days. The cultured splenic T-cells were challenged with a hypertonic salt solution (0, 20, or 40 mM) in the absence or presence of IL-6 (0, 20, or 60 ng/mL), TGF-β (0, 5, or 15 ng/mL), or IL-23 (0, 10, or 30 ng/mL), and analyzed via ELISA, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. The hypertonic salt solution potentiated IL-17A production, as well as the differentiation of Th17 cells via IL-6/TGF-β/IL-23, exclusively in SS rats. However, it did not affect IL-10 production or the differentiation of Treg cells in any of the groups. Furthermore, it potentiated the signal of RORγt in IL-6-treated splenic T-cells from SS rats. To summarize, cultured splenic T-cells exhibited enhanced inflammatory responses on exposure to a hypertonic salt solution in SS rats only, which indicated that sodium chloride and inflammatory cytokines synergistically drove the induction of pathogenic Th17 cells and the development of hypertension in this group only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (J.Y.K.); (C.-W.K.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (J.Y.K.); (C.-W.K.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong-Wun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (J.Y.K.); (C.-W.K.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (J.Y.K.); (C.-W.K.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Lima MDC, do Nascimento HMA, da Silva JYP, de Brito Alves JL, de Souza EL. Evidence for the Beneficial Effects of Brazilian Native Fruits and Their By-Products on Human Intestinal Microbiota and Repercussions on Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases-A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3491. [PMID: 37761200 PMCID: PMC10527964 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are the most widespread cause of mortality worldwide. Intestinal microbiota balance can be altered by changes in the abundance and/or diversity of intestinal microbiota, indicating a role of intestinal microbiota in NCD development. This review discusses the findings of in vitro studies, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials on the effects of Brazilian native fruits, their by-products, as well as their bioactive compounds on human intestinal microbiota and NCD. The major bioactive compounds in Brazilian native fruits and their by-products, and the impacts of their administration on outcomes linked to intestinal microbiota modulation are discussed. Mechanisms of intestinal microbiota affecting NCD could be linked to the modulation of absorption and energy balance, immune and endocrine systems, and inflammatory response. Brazilian native fruits, such as acerola, açaí, baru, buriti, guava, jabuticaba, juçara, and passion fruit, have several bioactive compounds, soluble and insoluble fibers, and a variety of phenolic compounds, which are capable of changing these key mechanisms. Brazilian native fruits and their by-products can help to promote positive intestinal and systemic health benefits by driving alterations in the composition of the human intestinal microbiota, and increasing the production of distinct short-chain fatty acids and phenolic metabolites, thereby enhancing intestinal integrity and homeostasis. Evidence from available literature shows that the modulatory impacts of Brazilian native fruits and their by-products on the composition and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota could improve several clinical repercussions associated with NCD, reinforcing the influence of intestinal microbiota in extra-intestinal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.d.C.L.); (H.M.A.d.N.); (J.Y.P.d.S.); (J.L.d.B.A.)
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Ullah Wazir N, Amir Khan I, Javed A, Khan T, Jabbar A. Onosma hispidum L. extract reverses hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and associated vascular dysfunction in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103712. [PMID: 37405138 PMCID: PMC10316005 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Onosma hispidum.L (O. hispidum) belongs to the family Boregineacea. A preliminary study and its medicinal use suggested its role in the management of hyperlipidemia. The present study aimed to assess the effect of methanolic root extract of O. hispidum in hyperlipidemia and associated vascular dysfunction. Oral administration of O. hispidum crude extract (Oh. Cr) to tyloxopol and high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic Sprague-Dawley rats for 10 and 28 days significantly reduced total triglycerides and cholesterol (p < 0.001), compared to hyperlipidemic rats. Oh. Cr 250 mg/kg orally treated rats significantly (p < 0.001) reduced both the total body weight and atherogenic index in tylaxopol and HFD rats. In HMG-CoA assay, the inhibition of the enzyme was significant in Oh.Cr (250 mg/kg) treated group. Histopathological studies indicated that the group treated with Oh.Cr 250 mg/kg/day showed regular morphology of aortic intima, media and adventitia, and improved the endothelial damage. To investigate the vascular dysfunction, isolated rat aorta rings from all groups were pre-contracted with 1 µM phenylephrine (PE), and the effect of acetylcholine (Ach) was monitored. In the aorta isolated from Oh.Cr (50 mg/kg) treated group, Ach completely relaxed the PE-induced contraction with EC50 value of 0.05 µg/mL 0.015 (0.01-0.2) compared to the hyperlipidemic control group (<30% relaxation). In atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) treated rat aorta, Ach showed 50% relaxation. The Oh.Cr extract also reduced (105.92 ± 1.14 to 66.63 ± 0.85 mmHg) mean arterial pressure in hyperlipidemic hypertensive rats. These findings suggest that extract of O. hispidum is an effective remedy for hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, which acts through inhibition of HMG-CoA and improving vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abdul Jabbar
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus 22060, Pakistan.
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DeBerge M, Chaudhary R, Schroth S, Thorp EB. Immunometabolism at the Heart of Cardiovascular Disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:884-904. [PMID: 37547069 PMCID: PMC10401297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell function among the myocardium, now more than ever, is appreciated to regulate cardiac function and pathophysiology. This is the case for both innate immunity, which includes neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages, as well as adaptive immunity, which includes T cells and B cells. This function is fueled by cell-intrinsic shifts in metabolism, such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as metabolite availability, which originates from the surrounding extracellular milieu and varies during ischemia and metabolic syndrome. Immune cell crosstalk with cardiac parenchymal cells, such as cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, is also regulated by complex cellular metabolic circuits. Although our understanding of immunometabolism has advanced rapidly over the past decade, in part through valuable insights made in cultured cells, there remains much to learn about contributions of in vivo immunometabolism and directly within the myocardium. Insight into such fundamental cell and molecular mechanisms holds potential to inform interventions that shift the balance of immunometabolism from maladaptive to cardioprotective and potentially even regenerative. Herein, we review our current working understanding of immunometabolism, specifically in the settings of sterile ischemic cardiac injury or cardiometabolic disease, both of which contribute to the onset of heart failure. We also discuss current gaps in knowledge in this context and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edward B. Thorp
- Address for correspondence: Dr Edward B. Thorp, Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue Ward 4-116, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Huyan Y, Wang C, Kang H, Chen X, Chang Y, Liu S, Song J. Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Renal Injury in Essential Hypertension. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:297-313. [PMID: 37062270 PMCID: PMC10308540 DOI: 10.1159/000530624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertensive nephropathy is characterized by glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, but we know little about changes in cell-specific gene expression in the early stages of hypertensive kidney injury, which usually has no obvious pathological changes. METHODS We performed unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing of rat kidney samples from hypertensive kidney injury to generate 10,602 single-cell transcriptomes from 2 control and 2 early stage hypertensive kidney injury samples. RESULTS All major cell types of the kidney were represented in the final dataset. Side-by-side comparisons showed that cell type-specific changes in gene expression are critical for functional impairment of glomeruli and tubules and activation of immune cells. In particular, we found a significantly reduced gene expression profile of maintaining vascular integrity in glomerular cells of hypertensive kidney injury. Meanwhile, the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress injury and fibrosis in the renal tubules and collecting ducts was elevated, but the degree of tubular cells response to injury differed between parts. We also found a signature of immune cell infiltration in hypertensive kidney injury. CONCLUSION Exploring the changes of gene expression in hypertension-injured kidneys may be helpful to identify the early biomarkers and signal pathways of this disease. Our data provide rich resources for understanding the pathogenesis of hypertensive renal injury and formulating effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Huyan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongen Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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10
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Dahl Salt-Resistant Rat Is Protected against Hypertension during Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183843. [PMID: 36145220 PMCID: PMC9506364 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) frequently causes obesity-induced hypertension. Because Dahl salt-resistant rats are protected against hypertension after high-salt or high-fructose intake, it is of interest whether this model also protects against hypertension after diet-induced obesity. We tested the hypothesis that Dahl salt-resistant rat protects against hypertension during diet-induced obesity. Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) and Dahl salt-resistant (SR) rats were fed a HFD (60% fat) or a chow diet (CD; 8% fat) for 12 weeks. We measured blood pressure using the tail-cuff method. The paraffin sections of thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and trichrome. The expression of genes in the tPVAT and kidneys were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The HFD induced hypertension in SS (p < 0.01) but not SR rats, although it increased body weight gain (p < 0.05) and tPVAT weight (p < 0.01) in both rats. The HFD did not affect the expression of genes related to any of the adipocyte markers in both rats, although SR rats had reduced beige adipocyte marker Tmem26 levels (p < 0.01) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin (p < 0.05) as compared with SS rat. The HFD did not affect the mRNA expression of contractile factors in the tPVAT of SS and SR rats. SR rats are protected against hypertension during diet-induced obesity. This result implies that the genetic trait determining salt sensitivity may also determine fructose and fat sensitivity and that it is associated with the prevention of hypertension.
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11
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Holder ER, Alibhai FJ, Caudle SL, McDermott JC, Tobin SW. The importance of biological sex in cardiac cachexia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H609-H627. [PMID: 35960634 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00187.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac cachexia is a catabolic muscle wasting syndrome observed in approximately 1 in 10 heart failure patients. Increased skeletal muscle atrophy leads to frailty and limits mobility which impacts quality of life, exacerbates clinical care, and is associated with higher rates of mortality. Heart failure is known to exhibit a wide range of prevalence and severity when examined across individuals of different ages and with co-morbidities related to diabetes, renal failure and pulmonary dysfunction. It is also recognized that men and women exhibit striking differences in the pathophysiology of heart failure as well as skeletal muscle homeostasis. Given that both skeletal muscle and heart failure physiology are in-part sex dependent, the diagnosis and treatment of cachexia in heart failure patients may depend on a comprehensive examination of how these organs interact. In this review we explore the potential for sex-specific differences in cardiac cachexia. We summarize advantages and disadvantages of clinical methods used to measure muscle mass and function and provide alternative measurements that should be considered in preclinical studies. Additionally, we summarize sex-dependent effects on muscle wasting in preclinical models of heart failure, disuse, and cancer. Lastly, we discuss the endocrine function of the heart and outline unanswered questions that could directly impact patient care.
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12
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Li B, Wang HY, Huang JH, Xu WF, Feng XJ, Xiong ZP, Dong YJ, Li LZ, He X, Wu HS, Zhang K, Su J, Yu QX, Jiang NH, Lv GY, Chen SH. Polysaccharide, the Active Component of Dendrobium officinale, Ameliorates Metabolic Hypertension in Rats via Regulating Intestinal Flora-SCFAs-Vascular Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:935714. [PMID: 35899110 PMCID: PMC9310040 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.935714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic hypertension (MH) is the most common type of hypertension worldwide because of unhealthy lifestyles, such as excessive alcohol intake and high-sugar/high-fat diets (ACHSFDs), adopted by humans. Poor diets lead to a decrease in the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced by intestinal flora and transferred by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), resulting in impaired gastrointestinal function, disrupted metabolic processes, increased blood pressure (BP), and ultimately, MH. It is not clear whether Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOPS) can mediate its effects by triggering the SCFAs-GPCR43/41 pathway. In this study, DOPS, with a content of 54.45 ± 4.23% and composition of mannose, glucose, and galacturonic acid at mass percentages of 61.28, 31.87, and 2.53%, was isolated from Dendrobium officinale. It was observed that DOPS, given to rats by intragastric administration after dissolution, could lower the BP and improve the abnormal lipid metabolic processes in ACHSFD-induced MH rats. Moreover, DOPS was found to increase the production, transportation, and utilization of SCFAs, while improving the intestinal flora and strengthening the intestinal barrier, as well as increasing the intestinal levels of SCFAs and the expression of GPCR43/41. Furthermore, DOPS improved vascular endothelial function by increasing the expression of GPCR41 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the aorta and the nitric oxide level in the serum. However, these effects were all reversed by antibiotic use. These findings indicate that DOPS is the active component of Dendrobium officinale, and it can reverse MH in rats by activating the intestinal SCFAs-GPCR43/41 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Wan-Feng Xu
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Lin-Zi Li
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Han-Song Wu
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Su
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Xian Yu
- Zhejiang Senyu Co., Ltd, Yiwu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Xian Yu, ; Ning-Hua Jiang, ; Gui-Yuan Lv, ; Su-Hong Chen,
| | - Ning-Hua Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Xian Yu, ; Ning-Hua Jiang, ; Gui-Yuan Lv, ; Su-Hong Chen,
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Xian Yu, ; Ning-Hua Jiang, ; Gui-Yuan Lv, ; Su-Hong Chen,
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Xian Yu, ; Ning-Hua Jiang, ; Gui-Yuan Lv, ; Su-Hong Chen,
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13
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Snyder EC, Abdelbary M, El-Marakby A, Sullivan JC. Treatment of male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats with TNF-α inhibitor etanercept increases markers of renal injury independent of an effect on blood pressure. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:17. [PMID: 35413930 PMCID: PMC9006436 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension remains the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Young females tend to be protected from hypertension compared with age-matched males. Although it has become increasingly clear that the immune system plays a key role in the development of hypertension in both sexes, few studies have examined how cytokines mediate hypertension in males versus females. We previously published that there are sex differences in the levels of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that TNF-α inhibition with etanercept will lower BP in male and female SHR. However, as male SHR have a more pro-inflammatory status than female SHR, we further hypothesize that males will have a greater decrease in BP with TNF-α inhibition than females. Young adult male and female SHR were administered increasing doses of the TNF-α inhibitor etanercept or vehicle twice weekly for 31 days and BP was continuously measured via telemetry. Following treatment, kidneys and urine were collected and analyzed for markers of inflammation and injury. Despite significantly decreasing renal TNF-α levels, renal phospho-NFκB and urinary MCP-1 excretion, etanercept did not alter BP in either male or female SHR. Interestingly, treatment with etanercept increased urinary excretion of protein, creatinine and KIM-1 in both sexes. These results indicate that TNF-α does not contribute to sex differences in BP in SHR but may be vital in the maintenance of renal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Snyder
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd CB-2204, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Mahmoud Abdelbary
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd CB-2204, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ahmed El-Marakby
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd CB-2204, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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14
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Poudel B, Shields CA, Ekperikpe US, Brown AK, Travis OK, Maury JC, Fitzgerald S, Smith SV, Cornelius DC, Williams JM. The SS LepR mutant rat represents a novel model to study obesity-induced renal injury before puberty. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R299-R308. [PMID: 35107024 PMCID: PMC8917907 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00179.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prepubertal obesity (PPO) has emerged as a major health problem over the past few decades and is a risk factor for the development of proteinuria. The current study investigated whether the development of renal injury in the obese SSLepR mutant strain occurs before puberty. When determining the temporal changes in serum sex hormones in female and male SS and SSLepR mutant rats between 4 and 10 wk of age, we only observed significant increases in estradiol and testosterone levels in female and male SS rats at 10 wk of age than at 4 wk of age. The results suggest that studying both strains between 4 and 8 wk of age is appropriate to study the effects of PPO on renal injury in this model. Proteinuria was significantly higher in SSLepR mutant rats as opposed to the values observed in SS rats at 8 wk of age, and we did not observe any sex differences in proteinuria in either strain. The kidneys from the SSLepR mutant rats displayed significant glomerular and tubular injury and renal fibrosis versus the values measured in SS rats without any sex differences. Overall, we observed increased immune cell infiltration in the kidneys from SSLepR mutant rats compared with SS rats. Interestingly, female SSLepR mutant rats displayed significant increases in not only M1 macrophages (proinflammatory) but also M2 macrophages (anti-inflammatory) versus male SSLepR mutant rats. These results suggest the SSLepR mutant rat may be a useful model to study early progression of obesity-related renal injury before the onset of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Poudel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Corbin A Shields
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ubong S Ekperikpe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Andrea K Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Olivia K Travis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jordan C Maury
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sarah Fitzgerald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Stanley V Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jan M Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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15
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Sylvester MA, Pollow DP, Moffett C, Nunez W, Uhrlaub JL, Nikolich-Zugich J, Brooks HL. Splenocyte transfer from hypertensive donors eliminates premenopausal female protection from ANG II-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F245-F257. [PMID: 35001661 PMCID: PMC8858666 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00369.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Premenopausal females are protected from angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension following the adoptive transfer of T cells from normotensive donors. For the present study, we hypothesized that the transfer of hypertensive T cells (HT) or splenocytes (HS) from hypertensive donors would eliminate premenopausal protection from hypertension. Premenopausal recombination-activating gene-1 (Rag-1)-/- females received either normotensive (NT) or hypertensive cells 3 wk before ANG II infusion (14 days, 490 ng/kg/min). Contrary to our hypothesis, no increase in ANG II-induced blood pressure was observed in the NT/ANG or HT/ANG groups. Flow cytometry demonstrated that renal FoxP3+ T regulatory cells were significantly decreased, and immunohistochemistry showed an increase in renal F4/80+ macrophages in the HT/ANG group, suggesting a shift in the renal inflammatory environment despite no change in blood pressure. Renal mRNA expression of macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER-1) was significantly decreased in the HT/ANG group. The adoptive transfer of hypertensive splenocytes before ANG II infusion (HS/ANG) eliminated premenopausal protection from hypertension and significantly decreased splenic FoxP3+ T regulatory cells compared with females that received normotensive splenocytes (NS/ANG). Expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (MCP-1/CCL3), a potent macrophage chemokine, was elevated in the HS/ANG group; however, no increase in renal macrophage infiltration occurred. Together, these data show that in premenopausal females, T cells from hypertensive donors are not sufficient to induce robust ANG II-mediated hypertension; in contrast, transfer of hypertensive splenocytes (consisting of T/B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages) is sufficient. Further work is needed to understand how innate and adaptive immune cells and estrogen signaling coordinate to cause differential hypertensive outcomes in premenopausal females.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study is the first to explore the role of hypertensive T cells versus hypertensive splenocytes in premenopausal protection from ANG II-induced hypertension. We show that the hypertensive status of T cell donors does not impact blood pressure in the recipient female. However, splenocytes, when transferred from hypertensive donors, significantly increased premenopausal recipient blood pressure following ANG II infusion, highlighting the importance of further investigation into estrogen signaling and immune cell activation in females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis P Pollow
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Caitlin Moffett
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Wendy Nunez
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Janko Nikolich-Zugich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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16
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Behl T, Gupta A, Chigurupati S, Singh S, Sehgal A, Badavath VN, Alhowail A, Mani V, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Natural and Synthetic Agents Targeting Reactive Carbonyl Species against Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2022; 27:1583. [PMID: 35268685 PMCID: PMC8911959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) may originate from the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and sugar in conditions of pathology. They are known to have high reactivity towards DNA as well as nucleophilic sites of proteins, resulting in cellular dysfunction. It has been considered that various pathological conditions are associated with an increased level of RCS and their reaction products. Thus, regulating the levels of RCS may be associated with the mitigation of various metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. In order to perform a comprehensive review, various literature databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, along with Google Scholar, were utilized to obtain relevant articles. The voluminous review concluded that various synthetic and natural agents are available or in pipeline research that hold tremendous potential to be used as a drug of choice in the therapeutic management of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and diabetes-associated complications of atherosclerosis, neuropathy, and nephropathy. From the available data, it may be emphasized that various synthetic agents, such as carnosine and simvastatin, and natural agents, such as polyphenols and terpenoids, can become a drug of choice in the therapeutic management for combating metabolic syndromes that involve RCS in their pathophysiology. Since the RCS are known to regulate the biological processes, future research warrants detailed investigations to decipher the precise mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Vishnu Nayak Badavath
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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17
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Belanger KM, Mohamed R, Webb RC, Sullivan JC. Sex Differences in TLR4 Expression in SHR Do Not Contribute to Sex Differences in Blood Pressure or the Renal T cell Profile. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R319-R325. [PMID: 35107023 PMCID: PMC8917934 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00237.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Mechanisms controlling blood pressure (BP) in men and women are still being investigated, however, there is increasing evidence supporting a role for the innate immune system. Specifically, Toll-like receptors (TLR), and TLR4 in particular, have been implicated in the development of hypertension in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Despite established sex differences in BP control and inflammatory markers in hypertensive males and females, little is known regarding the role of TLR4 in hypertension in females. Our hypotheses were that male SHR have greater TLR4 expression compared to females, and that sex differences in TLR4 contribute to sex differences in BP and the T cell profile. To test these hypotheses, initial studies measured renal TLR4 protein expression in 13-week old male and female SHR. Additional SHR were implanted with telemetry devices and randomized to treatment with either IgG or TLR4 neutralizing antibodies. Untreated control male SHR have greater TLR4 protein expression in the kidney compared to females. However, treatment with TLR4 neutralizing antibody for 2 weeks did not significantly alter BP in either male or female SHR. Interestingly, neutralization of TLR4 increased renal CD3+ T cells in female SHR, with no alteration in CD4+ T cells or CD8+ T cells in either sex. Taken together, our data indicates that although male SHR have greater renal TLR4 expression than females, TLR4 does not contribute to the higher BP and more pro-inflammatory renal T cell prolife in males vs. females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey M Belanger
- Department of Physiology Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Riyaz Mohamed
- Department of Physiology Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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18
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Potentially Probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum Fruit-Derived Strains Alleviate Cardiometabolic Disorders and Gut Microbiota Impairment in Male Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:349-359. [PMID: 35066820 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is a risk factor for dyslipidemias, insulin resistance, and arterial hypertension linked with gut dysbiosis. Probiotic administration has been suggested as a safe therapeutic strategy for gut microbiota modulation and treatment and/or prevention of cardiometabolic disorders. Here, we assessed the effects of a potentially probiotic formulation containing strains of the Limosilactobacillus (L.) fermentum 139, 263, and 296 on the cardiometabolic disorders and gut microbiota derangements provoked by the HFD consumption. Male Wistar rats were allocated into control diet (CTL, n = 6), HFD (n = 6), and HFD receiving L. fermentum formulation (HFD-LF, n = 6) groups for 4 weeks. L. fermentum formulation (109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml of each strain) was daily administered by oral gavage. After 4-week follow-up, biochemical measurements, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), sympathetic tone, and gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HFD consumption for 4 weeks increased lipid profile, insulin resistance, sympathetic tone, and blood pressure and impaired gut microbiota composition in male rats. Administration of L. fermentum formulation improved the gut microbiota composition, lipid profile, insulin resistance, autonomic dysfunction, and BP in rats fed with a HFD. Administration of a potentially fruit-derived probiotic formulation of L. fermentum strains improved gut microbiota composition and alleviated hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and sympathetic hyperactivity and increased BP in rats fed a HFD. Our findings may encourage the development of randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of L. fermentum treatment in subjects with cardiometabolic disorders.
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Golonka RM, Cooper JK, Issa R, Devarasetty PP, Gokula V, Busken J, Zubcevic J, Hill J, Vijay-Kumar M, Menon B, Joe B. Impact of Nutritional Epigenetics in Essential Hypertension: Targeting microRNAs in the Gut-Liver Axis. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:28. [PMID: 33961141 PMCID: PMC8105193 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the current knowledge on interactions between dietary factors and microRNAs (miRNAs) in essential hypertension (EH) pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS There exists an integration of maintenance signals generated by genetic, epigenetic, immune, and environmental (e.g., dietary) factors that work to sustain balance in the gut-liver axis. It is well established that an imbalance in this complex, intertwined system substantially increases the risk for EH. As such, pertinent research has been taken to decipher how each signal operates in isolation and together in EH progression. Recent literature indicates that both macro- and micronutrients interrupt regulatory miRNA expressions and thus, alter multiple cellular processes that contribute to EH and its comorbidities. We highlight how carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, salt, and potassium modify miRNA signatures during EH. The disruption in miRNA expression can negatively impact communication systems such as over activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, modulating the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype, and promoting angiogenesis to favor EH. We also delineate the prognostic value of miRNAs in EH and discuss the pros and cons of surgical vs dietary prophylactic approaches in EH prevention. We propose that dietary-dependent perturbation of the miRNA profile is one mechanism within the gut-liver axis that dictates EH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Golonka
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | | | - Rochell Issa
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Veda Gokula
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Joshua Busken
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jennifer Hill
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Medical Education, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Room 3105B, CCE Bldg, 2920 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Bina Joe
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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20
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Liu X, Liu Z, Miao Y, Wang L, Yin H. Sex hormone-like Effects of Icariin on T-cells immune modulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113717. [PMID: 33359002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epimedium brevicornu Maxim as a Chinese herb, is recommended for the treatment of menopausal women with hypertension for 50 years. Icariin, as the main hydrophilic ingredient of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim, has been proven to be a plant sex hormone and lower blood pressure down. Here, we hypothesized that Icariin can regulate T cells differentiation which leads to the blood pressure decrease in castrated SHR rats. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the exogenous estrogen, androgen and Icariin on T-cell modulation in hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two weeks after castration, both male and female SHR rats were given estradiol, testosterone, and Icariin intervention respectively. Body weight, blood pressure, and heart rate were tested weekly. After six weeks, proportion of T helper cells (Th), cytotoxic T cells (Tc), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and splenocytes were tested by flowcytometry. Serum levels of estrogen, testosterone, AngII, TNF-α, IL-17 were tested by Elisa. Aortic arches were isolated for HE and Masson staining. The expressions of ERβ and AR in aorta were tested by Western-blot. RESULTS In both male and female SHR rats, we found that Icariin and estradiol lower blood pressure, but testosterone elevates blood pressure. Similar as testosterone, Icariin can attenuate Tc and Th proportions and elevate Tregs proportion in both peripheral blood and splenocyte in male SHR, which can be blunt by flutamide. Besides, Icariin performs similar function as estradiol that attenuates Tc proportions and elevates Tregs proportion in both peripheral blood and splenocytes in female SHR, which leads to the lower blood pressure and can be partly blunt by fulvestrant. Testosterone increases AngII and TNF-α levels in serum, leading to the higher blood pressure in both male and female SHR rats. CONCLUSION These results verified that Icariin, as a plant sex hormone, can regulate T cells differentiation related to blood pressure decrease in SHR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- From the Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China, XL.
| | - Zekun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA, ZKL.
| | - Yang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China, YM.
| | - Lin Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China, LW.
| | - Huijun Yin
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, HJY.
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21
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Transfer of Th17 from Adult Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats Accelerates Development of Hypertension in Juvenile Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6633825. [PMID: 33688497 PMCID: PMC7914094 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6633825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension develops in the recipient rats that are transferred with the activated T helper (Th) 17 cells of the donor rats exposed to high-fructose or high-salt intake. This result suggests that a pathologic Th17 cell plays a role in the development and maintenance of hypertension. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the transfer of Th17 cells from adult spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) accelerates the development of hypertension in juvenile SHR. The tail-cuff method was used to measure systolic blood pressure. T cell (Th17 and regulatory T (Treg)) profiling was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of Th17-related interleukin- (IL-) 17A and Treg-related IL-10 were measured by ELISA. Th17 cells isolated from adult SHR were intraperitoneally injected into juvenile recipient SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). SHR exhibited prominent development of hypertension at 15 weeks. The proportion of CD4+IL-17A+ (Th17) cells among Th cells increased whereas the proportion of CD4+FoxP3+ (Treg) cells decreased in SHR, as compared to WKY. The serum levels of IL-17A increased gradually with aging in SHR, but the serum levels of IL-10 did not. The serum levels of IL-17A and IL-10 seemed to be well related to the proportion of Th17 cells and Treg cells, respectively. Injection of Th17 cells isolated from adult SHR accelerates the development of hypertension in juvenile SHR but not in juvenile WKY though it increased the proportion of Th17 cells in juvenile recipient WKY and SHR. The transfer of Th17 cells from adult SHR accelerates the development of hypertension in juvenile SHR. These results implicate that the hypertension in SHR is ascribed to activation of Th17 cells.
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22
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Preguiça I, Alves A, Nunes S, Fernandes R, Gomes P, Viana SD, Reis F. Diet-induced rodent models of obesity-related metabolic disorders-A guide to a translational perspective. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13081. [PMID: 32691524 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diet is a critical element determining human health and diseases, and unbalanced food habits are major risk factors for the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Despite technological and pharmacological advances, as well as intensification of awareness campaigns, the prevalence of metabolic disorders worldwide is still increasing. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches with increased efficacy are urgently required, which often depends on cellular and molecular investigations using robust animal models. In the absence of perfect rodent models, those induced by excessive consumption of fat and sugars better replicate the key aspects that are the root causes of human metabolic diseases. However, the results obtained using these models cannot be directly compared, particularly because of the use of different dietary protocols, and animal species and strains, among other confounding factors. This review article revisits diet-induced models of obesity and related metabolic disorders, namely, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A critical analysis focused on the main pathophysiological features of rodent models, as opposed to the criteria defined for humans, is provided as a practical guide with a translational perspective for the establishment of animal models of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Preguiça
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Alves
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia D Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Abou-Khalil NS, Ali MF, Ali MM, Ibrahim A. Surgical castration versus chemical castration in donkeys: response of stress, lipid profile and redox potential biomarkers. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:310. [PMID: 32847551 PMCID: PMC7448993 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Castration is a husbandry practice raising important questions on the welfare and physiological status of farm animals. Searching for effective castration methods that minimally compromise the body physiology is worthy of attention. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the differential response of biological systems in donkeys to surgical castration versus the chemical one by CaCl2 with special emphasis on stress, lipid profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Donkeys were divided randomly and equally into two groups; the chemical (Ch) and surgical (S) groups (n = 6). The Ch group was chemically castrated by intratesticular injection of 20% CaCl2 dissolved in absolute ethanol. Blood samples were collected prior to castration and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after the beginning of experiment. Results Surprisingly, the Ch group at the end of the experiment was characterized by significantly higher cortisol level compared to the S group. TC and LDL-C levels in the S group significantly decreased at day 45, while TG levels significantly increased at days 45 and 60 in comparison with day 0. HDL-C levels at days 30 and 60 in the Ch group significantly increased in comparison with day 0. At day 30 post-castration, HDL-C was significantly higher and LDL-C was significantly lower in the Ch group than the S group. A significant elevation in TC and LDL-C was observed at day 45 and in HDL-C at the end of experimental duration in the Ch group when compared with the S group. TPX level was significantly lower and TAC was significantly higher in the Ch group at day 45 than the S group. Conclusion Surgical castration evoked less stress and minor changes in lipid profile and oxidant/antioxidant balance relative to chemical castration by intratesticular 20% CaCl2 dissolved in absolute ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser S Abou-Khalil
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Marwa F Ali
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Magda M Ali
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
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24
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Fetal programming effects of pentaerythritol tetranitrate in a rat model of superimposed preeclampsia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1287-1299. [PMID: 32748067 PMCID: PMC7447665 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Preeclampsia is a common medical condition during pregnancy and a major cause of maternal and prenatal mortality. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of maternal treatment with pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) in Dahl salt-sensitive rats (DSSR), a model of superimposed preeclampsia. F0 parental DSSR were treated with PETN (50 mg/kg) from the time point of mating to the end of lactation. Maternal PETN treatment improved fetal growth and had no effect on blood pressure in DSSR offspring fed with normal chow or high-salt diet. Upon high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, offspring from PETN-treated mother showed improved glucose tolerance despite similar weight gain. Unexpectedly, maternal PETN treatment significantly potentiated the HFD-induced blood pressure elevation in male DSSR offspring. Endothelium-derived hyperpolarization factor (EDHF)-mediated vasodilation was similar between NCD-fed and HFD-fed control offspring but was markedly reduced in HFD-fed PETN offspring. EDHF genes were downregulated in the vasculature of HFD-fed PETN offspring, which was associated with epigenetic changes in histone modifications. In conclusion, maternal PETN treatment in DSSR shows both beneficial and unfavorable effects. It improves fetal growth and ameliorates glucose tolerance in the offspring. Although maternal PETN treatment has no effect on blood pressure in offspring fed with normal chow or high-salt diet, the offspring is at higher risk to develop HFD-induced hypertension. PETN may potentiate the blood pressure response to HFD by epigenetic modifications of EDHF genes. Key messages The core findings of this article suggest that maternal PETN treatment of DSSR, a rat model of a spontaneous superimposed preeclampsia, leads to • Improvement of fetal growth; • No changes of maternal blood pressure or markers of preeclampsia; • Amelioration of HFD-induced glucose intolerance in adult offspring; • No changes in blood pressure development of the offspring on normal chow or high salt-diet; • Potentiation of blood pressure elevation of the offspring on HFD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-020-01949-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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25
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Gillis EE, Musall JB, Baban B, Sullivan JC. IL-10 treatment decreases blood pressure in male, but not female, spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F359-F365. [PMID: 32686523 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00206.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that induces nitric oxide (NO) production. IL-10 supplementation has been previously shown to lower blood pressure (BP) in male hypertensive mice, but the effect of exogenous IL-10 in hypertensive female rodents has not been studied. For the present study, we hypothesized that chronic infusion of IL-10 in hypertensive rats would lower BP concomitant with an increase in renal NO synthase (NOS) activity. Male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs; 12 wk old) were randomized to receive IL-10 infusion by subcutaneous minipump (3.5 µg·kg-1·day-1) or serve as sham controls (n = 4-6 rats per treatment per sex). BP was measured by tail cuff before and after 2 wk of treatment. Renal T cells and IL-10 were measured by flow cytometry, and NOS activity was determined by conversion of radiolabeled arginine to radiolabeled citrulline. Female SHRs had greater IL-10+ renal cells than male SHRs and greater expression of the IL-10 receptor at baseline. BP did not change in female SHRs treated with IL-10, but BP significantly decreased following IL-10 infusion in male SHRs. Contrary to our hypothesis, NOS enzymatic activity decreased with IL-10 treatment in the renal inner medulla and cortex of both sexes. Renal regulatory T cells also decreased in both sexes after IL-10 treatment. In conclusion, despite male SHRs having less IL-10 and IL-10 receptor expression in the kidney compared with female SHRs, exogenous IL-10 selectively decreased BP only in male SHRs. Furthermore, our data suggest that exogenous IL-10-induced decreases in BP in male SHRs are not dependent on upregulating renal NOS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E Gillis
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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26
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Ramirez LA, Gillis EE, Musall JB, Mohamed R, Snyder E, El-Marakby A, Sullivan JC. Hypertensive female Sprague-Dawley rats require an intact nitric oxide synthase system for compensatory increases in renal regulatory T cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F192-F201. [PMID: 32597687 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00228.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that hypertensive female rats have more regulatory T cells (Tregs), which contribute more to blood pressure (BP) control in female versus male rats. Based on known protective properties of Tregs, the goal of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms by which female rats maintain Tregs. The present study was designed to 1) compare the impact of three hypertension models on the percentage of renal Tregs and 2) test the hypothesis that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition prevents increases in renal Tregs and exacerbates renal damage in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats (11-14 wk old) were randomized to one of the following four groups: control, norepinephrine (NE) infusion, angiotensin II infusion, or the NOS inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) in drinking water. BP was measured via tail cuff. After 2 wk of treatment, kidneys were isolated and processed to measure Tregs via flow cytometric analysis and renal injury via urinary albumin excretion, plasma creatinine, and histological analyses. Hypertensive treatments increased BP in all experimental animals. Increases in BP in norepinephrine-and angiotensin II-treated rats were associated with increases in renal Tregs versus control. In contrast, l-NAME treatment decreased Tregs compared with all groups. l-NAME treatment modestly increased albumin excretion. However, plasma creatinine was comparable among the groups, and there was no histological evidence of glomerular or tubular injury. This study provides insights into the mechanisms regulating renal Tregs and supports that an intact NOS system is crucial for female rats to have BP-related increases in renal Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Ramirez
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ellen E Gillis
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jacqueline B Musall
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Riyaz Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth Snyder
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ahmed El-Marakby
- Dental College of Georgia, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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27
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Saroj C, Juthika M, Tao Y, Xi C, Ji-Youn Y, Cameron MG, Camilla WF, Lauren KG, Jennifer HW, Matam VK, Bina J. Metabolites and Hypertension: Insights into Hypertension as a Metabolic Disorder: 2019 Harriet Dustan Award. Hypertension 2020; 75:1386-1396. [PMID: 32336227 PMCID: PMC7225070 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For over 100 years, essential hypertension has been researched from different perspectives ranging from genetics, physiology, and immunology to more recent ones encompassing microbiology (microbiota) as a previously underappreciated field of study contributing to the cause of hypertension. Each field of study in isolation has uniquely contributed to a variety of underlying mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. Even so, clinical management of essential hypertension has remained somewhat static. We, therefore, asked if there are any converging lines of evidence from these individual fields that could be amenable for a better clinical prognosis. Accordingly, here we present converging evidence which support the view that metabolic dysfunction underlies essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakraborty Saroj
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Mandal Juthika
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Yang Tao
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Cheng Xi
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Yeo Ji-Youn
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - McCarthy G. Cameron
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Wenceslau F. Camilla
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Koch G. Lauren
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Hill W. Jennifer
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Vijay-Kumar Matam
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Joe Bina
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
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28
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Lee E, Kim N, Kang J, Yoon S, Lee HA, Jung H, Kim SH, Kim I. Activated pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes induce hypertension following high-fructose intake in Dahl salt-sensitive but not Dahl salt-resistant rats. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm044107. [PMID: 32179549 PMCID: PMC7272342 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-salt intake and high-fructose intake are risk factors for hypertension via oxidative stress and inflammation. T helper (Th)17 lymphocytes play an important role in the development of hypertension. Here, we tested the hypothesis that activation of pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes induces hypertension after high-fructose intake in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) but not Dahl salt-resistant (SR) rats. Eight-week-old male SS and SR rats were offered 20% fructose solution or tap water only for 4 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. T lymphocyte [Th17 and T regulatory (Treg)] profiling was determined via flow cytometry. The expression of Th17-related (IL-17A, IL-17RA, IL-23R and RORγt) and Treg-related (IL-10, CD25, FOXP3 and TGFβ) factors were measured via ELISA or qRT-PCR. Th17 lymphocytes isolated from high-fructose-fed SS rats were intraperitoneally injected into recipient SS and SR rats, and recombinant IL-23 protein was subcutaneously injected into SS and SR rats to induce hypertension.High-fructose intake induced hypertension via the activation of pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes in SS but not SR rats. Injection of activated Th17 lymphocytes isolated from fructose-fed SS rats induced hypertension via increase of serum IL-17A only in recipient SS rats. In addition, injection of IL-23 induced hypertension via activation of pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes only in SS rats.Thus, activation of pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes induces hypertension after high-fructose intake in SS but not SR rats. These results indicate that immunologic tolerance plays an important role in protection against hypertension in SR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Namkyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjoo Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ahm Lee
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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29
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Flori L, Macaluso M, Taglieri I, Sanmartin C, Sgherri C, De Leo M, Ciccone V, Donnini S, Venturi F, Pistelli L, Martelli A, Calderone V, Testai L, Zinnai A. Development of Fortified Citrus Olive Oils: From Their Production to Their Nutraceutical Properties on the Cardiovascular System. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1557. [PMID: 32471156 PMCID: PMC7352984 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Recently the use of food by-products as natural sources of biologically active substances has been extensively investigated especially for the development of functional foods fortified with natural antioxidants. Due to their content of bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, flavonoids and limonoids, citrus peels could be suitable to formulate enriched olive oils able to boost healthy nutrition. The aim of this study was: (i) to determine the compositional and sensory profiles of citrus olive oil; and (ii) to evaluate its nutraceutical properties in rats with high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress. The results obtained show the potential of using citrus peels as a source of bioactive compounds to improve the sensory profile as well as the phytochemical composition of olive oil. We demonstrated that the production system of Citrus x aurantium olive oil and Citrus limon olive oil improves its organoleptic properties without altering its beneficial effects, which, like control extra virgin olive oil, showed protective effects relating to glucose and serum lipid levels, metabolic activity of adipocytes, myocardial tissue functionality, oxidative stress markers and endothelial function at blood vessel level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (A.M.); (V.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Monica Macaluso
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (I.T.); (C.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Isabella Taglieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (I.T.); (C.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Chiara Sanmartin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (I.T.); (C.S.); (F.V.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Sgherri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (I.T.); (C.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (A.M.); (V.C.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Ciccone
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (S.D.)
- Toscana Life Sciences Str. del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (S.D.)
- Toscana Life Sciences Str. del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Venturi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (I.T.); (C.S.); (F.V.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (A.M.); (V.C.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (A.M.); (V.C.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (A.M.); (V.C.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (A.M.); (V.C.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (A.M.); (V.C.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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30
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Belanger KM, Crislip GR, Gillis EE, Abdelbary M, Musall JB, Mohamed R, Baban B, Elmarakby A, Brands MW, Sullivan JC. Greater T Regulatory Cells in Females Attenuate DOCA-Salt-Induced Increases in Blood Pressure Versus Males. Hypertension 2020; 75:1615-1623. [PMID: 32336228 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common risk factor for cardiovascular disease, causing over 18 million deaths a year. Although the mechanisms controlling blood pressure (BP) in either sex remain largely unknown, T cells play a critical role in the development of hypertension. Further evidence supports a role for the immune system in contributing to sex differences in hypertension. The goal of the current study was to first, determine the impact of sex on the renal T-cell profiles in DOCA-salt hypertensive males and females and second, test the hypothesis that greater numbers of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in females protect against DOCA-salt-induced increases in BP and kidney injury. Male rats displayed greater increases in BP than females following 3 weeks of DOCA-salt treatment, although increases in renal injury were comparable between the sexes. DOCA-salt treatment resulted in an increase in proinflammatory T cells in both sexes; however, females had more anti-inflammatory Tregs than males. Additional male and female DOCA-salt rats were treated with anti-CD25 to decrease Tregs. Decreasing Tregs significantly increased BP only in females, thereby abolishing the sex difference in the BP response to DOCA-salt. This data supports the hypothesis that Tregs protect against the development of hypertension and are particularly important for the control of BP in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey M Belanger
- From the Departments of Physiology (K.M.B., G.R.C., E.E.G., M.A., J.B.M., R.M., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, GA
| | - G Ryan Crislip
- From the Departments of Physiology (K.M.B., G.R.C., E.E.G., M.A., J.B.M., R.M., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, GA
| | - Ellen E Gillis
- From the Departments of Physiology (K.M.B., G.R.C., E.E.G., M.A., J.B.M., R.M., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, GA
| | - Mahmoud Abdelbary
- From the Departments of Physiology (K.M.B., G.R.C., E.E.G., M.A., J.B.M., R.M., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, GA
| | - Jacqueline B Musall
- From the Departments of Physiology (K.M.B., G.R.C., E.E.G., M.A., J.B.M., R.M., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, GA
| | - Riyaz Mohamed
- From the Departments of Physiology (K.M.B., G.R.C., E.E.G., M.A., J.B.M., R.M., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, GA
| | - Babak Baban
- Oral Biology (B.B., A.E.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, GA
| | - Ahmed Elmarakby
- Oral Biology (B.B., A.E.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, GA
| | - Michael W Brands
- From the Departments of Physiology (K.M.B., G.R.C., E.E.G., M.A., J.B.M., R.M., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, GA
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- From the Departments of Physiology (K.M.B., G.R.C., E.E.G., M.A., J.B.M., R.M., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, GA
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31
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Tran V, De Silva TM, Sobey CG, Lim K, Drummond GR, Vinh A, Jelinic M. The Vascular Consequences of Metabolic Syndrome: Rodent Models, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Current Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:148. [PMID: 32194403 PMCID: PMC7064630 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension, and affects over one billion people. Independently, the components of metabolic syndrome each have the potential to affect the endothelium to cause vascular dysfunction and disrupt vascular homeostasis. Rodent models of metabolic syndrome have significantly advanced our understanding of this multifactorial condition. In this mini-review we compare the currently available rodent models of metabolic syndrome and consider their limitations. We also discuss the numerous mechanisms by which metabolic abnormalities cause endothelial dysfunction and highlight some common pathophysiologies including reduced nitric oxide production, increased reactive oxygen species and increased production of vasoconstrictors. Additionally, we explore some of the current therapeutics for the comorbidities of metabolic syndrome and consider how these benefit the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Tran
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - T Michael De Silva
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kyungjoon Lim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Jelinic
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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32
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Taylor LE, Ramirez LA, Musall JB, Sullivan JC. Tipping the scales: Are females more at risk for obesity- and high-fat diet-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction? Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4226-4242. [PMID: 31271650 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a common metabolic disorder that has become a widespread epidemic in several countries. Sex and gender disparities in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been well documented with premenopausal women having a lower incidence of CVD than age-matched men. However, women are more likely than men to suffer from obesity, which can predispose them to a greater risk of CVD. The mechanisms underlying high-fat diet (HFD)- or obesity-induced hypertension are not well defined, although immune system activation and inflammation have been implicated in several studies. Further, the sex of the subject can have a profound influence on the immune response to hypertensive stimuli. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the effects of sex and gender on the role of the immune system in HFD-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia E Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lindsey A Ramirez
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jacqueline B Musall
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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33
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White MC, Fleeman R, Arnold AC. Sex differences in the metabolic effects of the renin-angiotensin system. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:31. [PMID: 31262355 PMCID: PMC6604144 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that greatly increases risk for developing cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. Sex differences in the obese phenotype are well established in experimental animal models and clinical populations. While having higher adiposity and obesity prevalence, females are generally protected from obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular complications. This protection is, at least in part, attributed to sex differences in metabolic effects of hormonal mediators such as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Previous literature has predominantly focused on the vasoconstrictor arm of the RAS and shown that, in contrast to male rodent models of obesity and diabetes, females are protected from metabolic and cardiovascular derangements produced by angiotensinogen, renin, and angiotensin II. A vasodilator arm of the RAS has more recently emerged which includes angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), mas receptors, and alamandine. While accumulating evidence suggests that activation of components of this counter-regulatory axis produces positive effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and energy balance in male animal models, female comparison studies and clinical data related to metabolic outcomes are lacking. This review will summarize current knowledge of sex differences in metabolic effects of the RAS, focusing on interactions with gonadal hormones and potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C White
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fleeman
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Amy C Arnold
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite enhanced screening and therapeutic management, hypertension remains the most prevalent chronic disease in the United States and the leading cause of heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and stroke in both men and women. It is widely accepted that hypertension is a pro-inflammatory disease and that the immune system plays a vital role in mediating hypertensive outcomes and end organ damage. Despite known discrepancies in the risk of hypertension development between men and women, preclinical models of immune-mediated hypertension were historically developed solely in male animals, leading to a lack of sex-specific clinical practice guidelines or therapeutic targets. RECENT FINDINGS Following the NIH policy on the consideration of sex as a biological variable in 2015, significant advancements have been made into sex-specific disease mechanisms in inflammation and hypertension. This review article serves to critically evaluate recent advancements in the field of sex-specific immune-mediated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Sylvester
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St/Rm 417, P.O. Box 245218, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5218, USA
| | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St/Rm 417, P.O. Box 245218, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5218, USA. .,Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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