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Guerrelli D, Pressman J, Salameh S, Posnack N. hiPSC-CM electrophysiology: impact of temporal changes and study parameters on experimental reproducibility. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H12-H27. [PMID: 38727253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00631.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are frequently used for preclinical cardiotoxicity testing and remain an important tool for confirming model-based predictions of drug effects in accordance with the comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia assay (CiPA). Despite the considerable benefits hiPSC-CMs provide, concerns surrounding experimental reproducibility have emerged. We investigated the effects of temporal changes and experimental parameters on hiPSC-CM electrophysiology. iCell cardiomyocytes2 were cultured and biosignals were acquired using a microelectrode array (MEA) system (2-14 days). Continuous recordings revealed a 22.6% increase in the beating rate and 7.7% decrease in the field potential duration (FPD) during a 20-min equilibration period. Location-specific differences across a multiwell plate were also observed, with iCell cardiomyocytes2 in the outer rows beating 8.8 beats/min faster than the inner rows. Cardiac endpoints were also impacted by cell culture duration; from 2 to 14 days, the beating rate decreased (-12.7 beats/min), FPD lengthened (+257 ms), and spike amplitude increased (+3.3 mV). Cell culture duration (4-10 days) also impacted cardiomyocyte drug responsiveness (E-4031, nifedipine, isoproterenol). qRT-PCR results suggest that daily variations in cardiac metrics may be linked to the continued maturation of hiPSC-CMs in culture (2-30 days). Daily experiments were also repeated using a second cell line (Cor.4U). Collectively, our study highlights multiple sources of variability to consider and address when performing hiPSC-CM MEA studies. To improve reproducibility and data interpretation, MEA-based studies should establish a standardized protocol and report key experimental conditions (e.g., cell line, culture time, equilibration time, electrical stimulation settings, and raw data values).NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that iCell cardiomyocytes2 electrophysiology measurements are impacted by deviations in experimental techniques including electrical stimulation protocols, equilibration time, well-to-well variability, and length of hiPSC-CM culture. Furthermore, our results indicate that hiPSC-CM drug responsiveness changes within the first 2 wk following defrost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Guerrelli
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Jenna Pressman
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Shatha Salameh
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Nikki Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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2
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yin J, Wang Z, Pei R. Cardiac organoid: multiple construction approaches and potential applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7567-7581. [PMID: 37477533 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The human cardiac organoid (hCO) is three-dimensional tissue model that is similar to an in vivo organ and has great potential on heart development biology, disease modeling, drug screening and regenerative medicine. However, the construction of hCO presents a unique challenge compared with other organoids such as the lung, small intestine, pancreas, liver. Since heart disease is the dominant cause of death and the treatment of such disease is one of the most unmet medical needs worldwide, developing technologies for the construction and application of hCO is a critical task for the scientific community. In this review, we discuss the current classification and construction methods of hCO. In addition, we describe its applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Finally, we propose the limitations of the cardiac organoid and future research directions. A detailed understanding of hCO will provide ways to improve its construction and expand its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Yajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Jine Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Jingbo Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
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3
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Galow AM, Brenmoehl J, Hoeflich A. Synergistic effects of hormones on structural and functional maturation of cardiomyocytes and implications for heart regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:240. [PMID: 37541969 PMCID: PMC10403476 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The limited endogenous regenerative capacity of the human heart renders cardiovascular diseases a major health threat, thus motivating intense research on in vitro heart cell generation and cell replacement therapies. However, so far, in vitro-generated cardiomyocytes share a rather fetal phenotype, limiting their utility for drug testing and cell-based heart repair. Various strategies to foster cellular maturation provide some success, but fully matured cardiomyocytes are still to be achieved. Today, several hormones are recognized for their effects on cardiomyocyte proliferation, differentiation, and function. Here, we will discuss how the endocrine system impacts cardiomyocyte maturation. After detailing which features characterize a mature phenotype, we will contemplate hormones most promising to induce such a phenotype, the routes of their action, and experimental evidence for their significance in this process. Due to their pleiotropic effects, hormones might be not only valuable to improve in vitro heart cell generation but also beneficial for in vivo heart regeneration. Accordingly, we will also contemplate how the presented hormones might be exploited for hormone-based regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Galow
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Julia Brenmoehl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
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4
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Gibbs CE, Marchianó S, Zhang K, Yang X, Murry CE, Boyle PM. Graft-host coupling changes can lead to engraftment arrhythmia: a computational study. J Physiol 2023; 601:2733-2749. [PMID: 37014103 PMCID: PMC10901678 DOI: 10.1113/jp284244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
After myocardial infarction (MI), a significant portion of heart muscle is replaced with scar tissue, progressively leading to heart failure. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CM) offer a promising option for improving cardiac function after MI. However, hPSC-CM transplantation can lead to engraftment arrhythmia (EA). EA is a transient phenomenon arising shortly after transplantation then spontaneously resolving after a few weeks. The underlying mechanism of EA is unknown. We hypothesize that EA may be explained partially by time-varying, spatially heterogeneous, graft-host electrical coupling. Here, we created computational slice models derived from histological images that reflect different configuration of grafts in the infarcted ventricle. We ran simulations with varying degrees of connection imposed upon the graft-host perimeter to assess how heterogeneous electrical coupling affected EA with non-conductive scar, slow-conducting scar and scar replaced by host myocardium. We also quantified the effect of variation in intrinsic graft conductivity. Susceptibility to EA initially increased and subsequently decreased with increasing graft-host coupling, suggesting the waxing and waning of EA is regulated by progressive increases in graft-host coupling. Different spatial distributions of graft, host and scar yielded markedly different susceptibility curves. Computationally replacing non-conductive scar with host myocardium or slow-conducting scar, and increasing intrinsic graft conductivity both demonstrated potential means to blunt EA vulnerability. These data show how graft location, especially relative to scar, along with its dynamic electrical coupling to host, can influence EA burden; moreover, they offer a rational base for further studies aimed to define the optimal delivery of hPSC-CM injection. KEY POINTS: Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CM) hold great cardiac regenerative potential but can also cause engraftment arrhythmias (EA). Spatiotemporal evolution in the pattern of electrical coupling between injected hPSC-CMs and surrounding host myocardium may explain the dynamics of EA observed in large animal models. We conducted simulations in histology-derived 2D slice computational models to assess the effects of heterogeneous graft-host electrical coupling on EA propensity, with or without scar tissue. Our findings suggest spatiotemporally heterogeneous graft-host coupling can create an electrophysiological milieu that favours graft-initiated host excitation, a surrogate metric of EA susceptibility. Removing scar from our models reduced but did not abolish the propensity for this phenomenon. Conversely, reduced intra-graft electrical connectedness increased the incidence of graft-initiated host excitation. The computational framework created for this study can be used to generate new hypotheses, targeted delivery of hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E Gibbs
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Silvia Marchianó
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patrick M Boyle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Adasheva DA, Lebedeva OS, Goliusova DV, Postnikov AB, Teriakova MV, Kopylova IV, Lagarkova MA, Katrukha AG, Serebryanaya DV. PAPP-A-Specific IGFBP-4 Proteolysis in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098420. [PMID: 37176126 PMCID: PMC10179360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors IGF-I and IGF-II-as well as their binding proteins (IGFBPs), which regulate their bioavailability-are involved in many pathological and physiological processes in cardiac tissue. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is a metalloprotease that preferentially cleaves IGFBP-4, releasing IGF and activating its biological activity. Previous studies have shown that PAPP-A-specific IGFBP-4 proteolysis is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemia, heart failure, and acute coronary syndrome. However, it remains unclear whether PAPP-A-specific IGFBP-4 proteolysis participates in human normal cardiomyocytes. Here, we report PAPP-A-specific IGFBP-4 proteolysis occurring in human cardiomyocytes derived from two independent induced pluripotent cell lines (hiPSC-CMs), detected both on the cell surface and in the cell secretome. PAPP-A was measured by fluoroimmune analysis (FIA) in a conditioned medium of hiPSC-CMs and was detected in concentrations of up to 4.3 ± 1.33 ng/mL and 3.8 ± 1.1 ng/mL. The level of PAPP-A-specific IGFBP-4 proteolysis was determined as the concentration of NT-IGFBP-4 proteolytic fragments using FIA for a proteolytic neo-epitope-specific assay. We showed that PAPP-A-specific IGFBP-4 proteolysis is IGF-dependent and inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline. Therefore, it may be concluded that PAPP-A-specific IGFBP-4 proteolysis functions in human normal cardiomyocytes, and hiPSC-CMs contain membrane-bound and secreted forms of proteolytically active PAPP-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Adasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Lebedeva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Goliusova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria V Teriakova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Kopylova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Lagarkova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey G Katrukha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Hytest Ltd., 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Daria V Serebryanaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Xiang H, Xu H, Tan B, Yi Q, Zhang X, Wang R, Chen T, Xie Q, Tian J, Zhu J. AKAP1 Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics during the Fatty-Acid-Promoted Maturation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as Indicated by Proteomics Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098112. [PMID: 37175819 PMCID: PMC10178876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are cells with promising applications. However, their immaturity has restricted their use in cell therapy, disease modeling, and other studies. Therefore, the current study focused on inducing the maturation of CMs. We supplemented hiPSC-CMs with fatty acids (FAs) to promote their phenotypic maturity. Proteomic sequencing was performed to identify regulators critical for promoting the maturation of hiPSC-CMs. AKAP1 was found to be significantly increased in FA-treated hiPSC-CMs, and the results were verified. Therefore, we inhibited AKAP1 expression in the FA-treated cells and analyzed the outcomes. FA supplementation promoted the morphological and functional maturation of the hiPSC-CMs, which was accompanied by the development of a mitochondrial network. Proteomic analysis results revealed that AKAP1 expression was significantly higher in FA-treated hiPSC-CMs than in control cells. In addition, increased phosphorylation of the mitochondrial dynamin Drp1 and an increased mitochondrial fusion rate were found in FA-treated hiPSC-CMs. After AKAP1 was knocked down, the level of DRP1 phosphorylation in the cell was decreased, and the mitochondrial fusion rate was reduced. FA supplementation effectively promoted the maturation of hiPSC-CMs, and in these cells, AKAP1 regulated mitochondrial dynamics, possibly playing a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Tangtian Chen
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Qiumin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Department of Cardiovascular (Internal Medicine), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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7
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Marchiano S, Nakamura K, Reinecke H, Neidig L, Lai M, Kadota S, Perbellini F, Yang X, Klaiman JM, Blakely LP, Karbassi E, Fields PA, Fenix AM, Beussman KM, Jayabalu A, Kalucki FA, Potter JC, Futakuchi-Tsuchida A, Weber GJ, Dupras S, Tsuchida H, Pabon L, Wang L, Knollmann BC, Kattman S, Thies RS, Sniadecki N, MacLellan WR, Bertero A, Murry CE. Gene editing to prevent ventricular arrhythmias associated with cardiomyocyte cell therapy. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:396-414.e9. [PMID: 37028405 PMCID: PMC10283080 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) offer a promising cell-based therapy for myocardial infarction. However, the presence of transitory ventricular arrhythmias, termed engraftment arrhythmias (EAs), hampers clinical applications. We hypothesized that EA results from pacemaker-like activity of hPSC-CMs associated with their developmental immaturity. We characterized ion channel expression patterns during maturation of transplanted hPSC-CMs and used pharmacology and genome editing to identify those responsible for automaticity in vitro. Multiple engineered cell lines were then transplanted in vivo into uninjured porcine hearts. Abolishing depolarization-associated genes HCN4, CACNA1H, and SLC8A1, along with overexpressing hyperpolarization-associated KCNJ2, creates hPSC-CMs that lack automaticity but contract when externally stimulated. When transplanted in vivo, these cells engrafted and coupled electromechanically with host cardiomyocytes without causing sustained EAs. This study supports the hypothesis that the immature electrophysiological prolife of hPSC-CMs mechanistically underlies EA. Thus, targeting automaticity should improve the safety profile of hPSC-CMs for cardiac remuscularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marchiano
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kenta Nakamura
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hans Reinecke
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lauren Neidig
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Shin Kadota
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | | | - Xiulan Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jordan M Klaiman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Leslie P Blakely
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elaheh Karbassi
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paul A Fields
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Aidan M Fenix
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kevin M Beussman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3720 15(th) Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Anu Jayabalu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Faith A Kalucki
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Jennifer C Potter
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Akiko Futakuchi-Tsuchida
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Gerhard J Weber
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sarah Dupras
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchida
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Lil Pabon
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Björn C Knollmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Steven Kattman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - R Scott Thies
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Nathan Sniadecki
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3720 15(th) Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - W Robb MacLellan
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alessandro Bertero
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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8
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Kawaguchi N, Nakanishi T. Animal Disease Models and Patient-iPS-Cell-Derived In Vitro Disease Models for Cardiovascular Biology-How Close to Disease? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:468. [PMID: 36979160 PMCID: PMC10045735 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Currently, zebrafish, rodents, canines, and pigs are the primary disease models used in cardiovascular research. In general, larger animals have more physiological similarities to humans, making better disease models. However, they can have restricted or limited use because they are difficult to handle and maintain. Moreover, animal welfare laws regulate the use of experimental animals. Different species have different mechanisms of disease onset. Organs in each animal species have different characteristics depending on their evolutionary history and living environment. For example, mice have higher heart rates than humans. Nonetheless, preclinical studies have used animals to evaluate the safety and efficacy of human drugs because no other complementary method exists. Hence, we need to evaluate the similarities and differences in disease mechanisms between humans and experimental animals. The translation of animal data to humans contributes to eliminating the gap between these two. In vitro disease models have been used as another alternative for human disease models since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Human cardiomyocytes have been generated from patient-derived iPSCs, which are genetically identical to the derived patients. Researchers have attempted to develop in vivo mimicking 3D culture systems. In this review, we explore the possible uses of animal disease models, iPSC-derived in vitro disease models, humanized animals, and the recent challenges of machine learning. The combination of these methods will make disease models more similar to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Kawaguchi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan;
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9
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Guo Y, Cao Y, Jardin BD, Zhang X, Zhou P, Guatimosim S, Lin J, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Mazumdar N, Lu F, Ma Q, Lu YW, Zhao M, Wang DZ, Dong E, Pu WT. Ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2) dysfunction activates the unfolded protein response and perturbs cardiomyocyte maturation. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:221-235. [PMID: 35576474 PMCID: PMC10233305 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Calcium-handling capacity is a major gauge of cardiomyocyte maturity. Ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2) is the pre-dominant calcium channel that releases calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) to activate cardiomyocyte contraction. Although RYR2 was previously implied as a key regulator of cardiomyocyte maturation, the mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to solve this problem. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed Cas9/AAV9-mediated somatic mutagenesis to knockout RYR2 specifically in cardiomyocytes in mice. We conducted a genetic mosaic analysis to dissect the cell-autonomous function of RYR2 during cardiomyocyte maturation. We found that RYR2 depletion triggered ultrastructural and transcriptomic defects relevant to cardiomyocyte maturation. These phenotypes were associated with the drastic activation of ER stress pathways. The ER stress alleviator tauroursodeoxycholic acid partially rescued the defects in RYR2-depleted cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of ATF4, a key ER stress transcription factor, recapitulated defects in RYR2-depleted cells. Integrative analysis of RNA-Seq and bioChIP-Seq data revealed that protein biosynthesis-related genes are the major direct downstream targets of ATF4. CONCLUSION RYR2-regulated ER homeostasis is essential for cardiomyocyte maturation. Severe ER stress perturbs cardiomyocyte maturation primarily through ATF4 activation. The major downstream effector genes of ATF4 are related to protein biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guo
- Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yangpo Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Blake D Jardin
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pingzhu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte MG - CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Junsen Lin
- Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yueyang Zhang
- Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Neil Mazumdar
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fujian Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yao-Wei Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erdan Dong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing 100191, China
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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10
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Ismaili D, Schulz C, Horváth A, Koivumäki JT, Mika D, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T, Christ T. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as an electrophysiological model: Opportunities and challenges-The Hamburg perspective. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1132165. [PMID: 36875015 PMCID: PMC9978010 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1132165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Models based on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) are proposed in almost any field of physiology and pharmacology. The development of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes is expected to become a step forward to increase the translational power of cardiovascular research. Importantly they should allow to study genetic effects on an electrophysiological background close to the human situation. However, biological and methodological issues revealed when human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were used in experimental electrophysiology. We will discuss some of the challenges that should be considered when human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes will be used as a physiological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djemail Ismaili
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carl Schulz
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - András Horváth
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jussi T Koivumäki
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Delphine Mika
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Investigating the effect of Shenmai injection on cardiac electrophysiology and calcium signaling using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 33:101407. [PMID: 36593870 PMCID: PMC9803683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine injection (TCMI) refers to the use of modern technology to make Chinese patent medicines in injectable forms, which shorten the onset time of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Although there have been clinical cases in which Shenmai injection (SMI) was used to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there are no pharmacological experiments that investigate the efficacy of the drug in vitro or the underlying mechanisms. Aim of the study We aimed to systemically evaluate the efficacy and investigate the mechanisms of SMI in modulating electrophysiology and calcium (Ca2+) signaling using a microelectrode array (MEA) and a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator, GCaMP6s, respectively, in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Materials and methods A MEA system was employed to record field potentials (FPs) in hiPSC-CMs. The QT interval is corrected by the RR interval, the reciprocal of the beating rate. GCaMP6s was used to measure Ca2+ signaling in hiPSC-CMs. Meanwhile, the transcriptome changes in hiPSC-CMs treated with 2% SMI were examined using RNAseq. In addition, the ingredients of SMI were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results It was found that 0.5%, 1%, and 2% (v/v) SMIs could increase corrected QT (QTc) but did not change other FP parameters. GCaMP6s was successfully applied to measure the chronic function of SMI. The full width at half maximum (FWHM), rise time, and decay time significantly decreased after treatment with SMI for 1 h and 24 h, whereas an increased Ca2+ transient frequency was observed. Conclusions We first used the Ca2+ indicator to measure the chronic effects of TCM. We found that SMI treatment can modulate electrophysiology and calcium signaling and regulate oxidative phosphorylation, cardiac muscle contraction, and the cell cycle pathway in hiPSC-CMs.
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Key Words
- AP, action potentials
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8 assay
- CVDs, cardiovascular diseases
- Calcium indicators
- ECC, excitation–contraction coupling
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- FP, field potential
- FWHM, full width at half maximum
- Ikr, rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- MEA, microelectrode array
- Polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE
- QTc, corrected QT
- QoL, quality of life
- SMI, Shenmai injection
- Shenmai injection
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TCMI, traditional Chinese medicine injections
- Traditional Chinese medicine
- hiPSC-CMs
- hiPSC-CMs, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
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12
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Santini GT, Shah PP, Karnay A, Jain R. Aberrant chromatin organization at the nexus of laminopathy disease pathways. Nucleus 2022; 13:300-312. [PMID: 36503349 PMCID: PMC9746625 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2022.2153564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett T. Santini
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Parisha P. Shah
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ashley Karnay
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA,CONTACT Rajan Jain Smilow Center for Translational Research, 09-101 3400 Civic Center Blvd, PhiladelphiaPA 19104
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13
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Jimenez-Vazquez EN, Jain A, Jones DK. Enhancing iPSC-CM Maturation Using a Matrigel-Coated Micropatterned PDMS Substrate. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e601. [PMID: 36383047 PMCID: PMC9710304 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac myocytes isolated from adult heart tissue have a rod-like shape with highly organized intracellular structures. Cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs), on the other hand, exhibit disorganized structure and contractile mechanics, reflecting their pronounced immaturity. These characteristics hamper research using iPSC-CMs. The protocol described here enhances iPSC-CM maturity and function by controlling the cellular shape and environment of the cultured cells. Microstructured silicone membranes function as a cell culture substrate that promotes cellular alignment. iPSC-CMs cultured on micropatterned membranes display an in-vivo-like rod-shaped morphology. This physiological cellular morphology along with the soft biocompatible silicone substrate, which has similar stiffness to the native cardiac matrix, promotes maturation of contractile function, calcium handling, and electrophysiology. Incorporating this technique for enhanced iPSC-CM maturation will help bridge the gap between animal models and clinical care, and ultimately improve personalized medicine for cardiovascular diseases. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Cardiomyocyte differentiation of iPSCs Basic Protocol 2: Purification of differentiated iPSC-CMs using MACS negative selection Basic Protocol 3: Micropatterning on PDMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhilasha Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School
| | - David K. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School
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14
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Mansfield C, Zhao MT, Basu M. Translational potential of hiPSCs in predictive modeling of heart development and disease. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:926-947. [PMID: 35261209 PMCID: PMC9458775 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents a major class of birth defects worldwide and is associated with cardiac malformations that often require surgical intervention immediately after birth. Despite the intense efforts from multicentric genome/exome sequencing studies that have identified several genetic variants, the etiology of CHD remains diverse and often unknown. Genetically modified animal models with candidate gene deficiencies continue to provide novel molecular insights that are responsible for fetal cardiac development. However, the past decade has seen remarkable advances in the field of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based disease modeling approaches to better understand the development of CHD and discover novel preventative therapies. The iPSCs are derived from reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells to an embryonic-like pluripotent state via overexpression of key transcription factors. In this review, we describe how differentiation of hiPSCs to specialized cardiac cellular identities facilitates our understanding of the development and pathogenesis of CHD subtypes. We summarize the molecular and functional characterization of hiPSC-derived differentiated cells in support of normal cardiogenesis, those that go awry in CHD and other heart diseases. We illustrate how stem cell-based disease modeling enables scientists to dissect the molecular mechanisms of cell-cell interactions underlying CHD. We highlight the current state of hiPSC-based studies that are in the verge of translating into clinical trials. We also address limitations including hiPSC-model reproducibility and scalability and differentiation methods leading to cellular heterogeneity. Last, we provide future perspective on exploiting the potential of hiPSC technology as a predictive model for patient-specific CHD, screening pharmaceuticals, and provide a source for cell-based personalized medicine. In combination with existing clinical and animal model studies, data obtained from hiPSCs will yield further understanding of oligogenic, gene-environment interaction, pathophysiology, and management for CHD and other genetic cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrin Mansfield
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Madhumita Basu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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15
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In vitro maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte: A promising approach for cell therapy. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.37.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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16
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Li Y, Lang S, Akin I, Zhou X, El-Battrawy I. Brugada Syndrome: Different Experimental Models and the Role of Human Cardiomyocytes From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024410. [PMID: 35322667 PMCID: PMC9075459 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited and rare cardiac arrhythmogenic disease associated with an increased risk of ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Different genes have been linked to BrS. The majority of mutations are located in the SCN5A gene, and the typical abnormal ECG is an elevation of the ST segment in the right precordial leads V1 to V3. The pathophysiological mechanisms of BrS were studied in different models, including animal models, heterologous expression systems, and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte models. Currently, only a few BrS studies have used human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, most of which have focused on genotype-phenotype correlations and drug screening. The combination of new technologies, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9)-mediated genome editing and 3-dimensional engineered heart tissues, has provided novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and could offer opportunities to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with BrS. This review aimed to compare different models of BrS for a better understanding of the roles of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in current BrS research and personalized medicine at a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrui Li
- First Department of Medicine Medical Faculty Mannheim University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM)University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany
| | - Siegfried Lang
- First Department of Medicine Medical Faculty Mannheim University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM)University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine Medical Faculty Mannheim University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM)University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- First Department of Medicine Medical Faculty Mannheim University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM)University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Institute of Cardiovascular Research Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- First Department of Medicine Medical Faculty Mannheim University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM)University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim Mannheim Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology Bergmannsheil Bochum Medical Clinic II Ruhr University Bochum Germany
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17
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Emanuelli G, Zoccarato A, Reumiller CM, Papadopoulos A, Chong M, Rebs S, Betteridge K, Beretta M, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Shah AM. A roadmap for the characterization of energy metabolism in human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 164:136-147. [PMID: 34923199 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) are an increasingly employed model in cardiac research and drug discovery. As cellular metabolism plays an integral role in determining phenotype, the characterization of the metabolic profile of hiPSC-CM during maturation is crucial for their translational application. In this study we employ a combination of methods including extracellular flux, 13C-glucose enrichment and targeted metabolomics to characterize the metabolic profile of hiPSC-CM during their maturation in culture from 6 weeks, up to 12 weeks. Results show a progressive remodeling of pathways involved in energy metabolism and substrate utilization along with an increase in sarcomere regularity. The oxidative capacity of hiPSC-CM and particularly their ability to utilize fatty acids increased with time. In parallel, relative glucose oxidation was reduced while glutamine oxidation was maintained at similar levels. There was also evidence of increased coupling of glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration, and away from glycolytic branch pathways at later stages of maturation. The rate of glycolysis as assessed by lactate production was maintained at both stages but with significant alterations in proximal glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. We observed a progressive maturation of mitochondrial oxidative capacity at comparable levels of mitochondrial content between these time-points with enhancement of mitochondrial network structure. These results show that the metabolic profile of hiPSC-CM is progressively restructured, recapitulating aspects of early post-natal heart development. This would be particularly important to consider when employing these cell model in studies where metabolism plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Emanuelli
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom; Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumonology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Christina M Reumiller
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Papadopoulos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Chong
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Rebs
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumonology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai Betteridge
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Beretta
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumonology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
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18
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Stem Cell Studies in Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine: A Possible Key Role of Macrophages. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010122. [PMID: 35053119 PMCID: PMC8773242 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Stem cells are used in cardiovascular biology and biomedicine and this field of research is expanding. Two types of stem cells have been used in research: induced pluripotent and somatic stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in that they can differentiate into somatic cells. Bone marrow stem/stromal cells (BMSCs), adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), and cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are somatic stem cells that have been used for cardiac regeneration. Recent studies have indicated that exosomes and vesicles from BMSCs and ASCs can be used in regenerative medicine and diagnostics. Chemokines and exosomes can contribute to the communication between inflammatory cells and stem cells to differentiate stem cells into the cell types required for tissue regeneration or repair. In this review, we address these issues based on our research and previous publications. Abstract Stem cells are used in cardiovascular biology and biomedicine, and research in this field is expanding. Two types of stem cells have been used in research: induced pluripotent and somatic stem cells. Stem cell research in cardiovascular medicine has developed rapidly following the discovery of different types of stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) possess potent differentiation ability, unlike somatic stem cells, and have been postulated for a long time. However, differentiating into adult-type mature and functional cardiac myocytes (CMs) remains difficult. Bone marrow stem/stromal cells (BMSCs), adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), and cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are somatic stem cells used for cardiac regeneration. Among somatic stem cells, bone marrow stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) were the first to be discovered and are relatively well-characterized. BMSCs were once thought to have differentiation ability in infarcted areas of the heart, but it has been identified that paracrine cytokines and micro-RNAs derived from BMSCs contributed to that effect. Moreover, vesicles and exosomes from these cells have similar effects and are effective in cardiac repair. The molecular signature of exosomes can also be used for diagnostics because exosomes have the characteristics of their origin cells. Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells, and supply cardiomyocytes during myocardial infarction by differentiating into newly formed cardiomyocytes. Stem cell niches and inflammatory cells play important roles in stem cell regulation and the recovery of damaged tissues. In particular, chemokines can contribute to the communication between inflammatory cells and stem cells. In this review, we present the current status of this exciting and promising research field.
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Thyroid hormones regulate cardiac repolarization and QT-interval related gene expression in hiPSC cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:568. [PMID: 35022468 PMCID: PMC8755773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolongation of cardiac repolarization (QT interval) represents a dangerous and potentially life-threatening electrical event affecting the heart. Thyroid hormones (THs) are critical for cardiac development and heart function. However, little is known about THs influence on ventricular repolarization and controversial effects on QT prolongation are reported. Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and multielectrode array (MEA) systems were used to investigate the influence of 3,3',5-triiodo-L-Thyronine (T3) and 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodo-L-Thyronine (T4) on corrected Field Potential Duration (FPDc), the in vitro analog of QT interval, and on local extracellular Action Potential Duration (APD). Treatment with high THs doses induces a significant prolongation of both FPDc and APD, with the strongest increase reached after 24 h exposure. Preincubation with reverse T3 (rT3), a specific antagonist for nuclear TH receptor binding, significantly reduces T3 effects on FPDc, suggesting a TRs-mediated transcriptional mechanism. RNA-seq analysis showed significant deregulation in genes involved in cardiac repolarization pathways, including several QT-interval related genes. In conclusion, long-time administration of high THs doses induces FPDc prolongation in hiPSC-CMs probably through the modulation of genes linked to QT-interval regulation. These results open the way to investigate new potential diagnostic biomarkers and specific targeted therapies for cardiac repolarization dysfunctions.
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20
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Kilfoil P, Feng SL, Bassyouni A, Lee T, Leishman D, Li D, MacEwan DJ, Sharma P, Watt ED, Jenkinson S. Characterization of a high throughput human stem cell cardiomyocyte assay to predict drug-induced changes in clinical electrocardiogram parameters. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174584. [PMID: 34678241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hIPSC-CM's) play an increasingly important role in the safety profiling of candidate drugs. For such models to have utility a clear understanding of clinical translation is required. In the present study we examined the ability of our hIPSC-CM model to predict the clinically observed effects of a diverse set of compounds on several electrocardiogram endpoints, including changes in QT and QRS intervals. To achieve this, compounds were profiled in a novel high throughput voltage-sensitive dye platform. Measurements were taken acutely (30 min) and chronically (24 h) to ensure that responses from compounds with slow onset kinetics or that affected surface ion channel expression would be captured. In addition, to avoid issues associated with changes in free drug levels due to protein binding, assays were run in serum free conditions. Changes in hIPSC-CM threshold APD90 values correlated with compound plasma exposures that produced a +10 ms change in clinical QTc (Pearson r2 = 0.80). In addition, randomForest modeling showed high predictivity in defining TdP risk (AUROC value = 0.938). Risk associated with QRS prolongation correlated with an increase in action potential rise-time (AUROC value = 0.982). The in-depth understanding of the clinical translatability of our hIPSC-CM model positions this assay to play a key role in defining cardiac risk early in drug development. Moreover, the ability to perform longer term studies enables the detection of compounds that may not be highlighted by more acute assay formats, such as inhibitors of hERG trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kilfoil
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Shuyun Lily Feng
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Asser Bassyouni
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Tiffany Lee
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Derek Leishman
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | | | - David J MacEwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Parveen Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | | | - Stephen Jenkinson
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA, 92121, USA.
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21
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Maturation strategies and limitations of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:226678. [PMID: 33057659 PMCID: PMC8209171 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMs). They are not only widely used in cardiac pharmacology screening, human heart disease modeling, and cell transplantation-based treatments, but also the most promising source of CMs for experimental and clinical applications. However, their use is largely restricted by the immature phenotype of structure and function, which is similar to embryonic or fetal CMs and has certain differences from adult CMs. In order to overcome this critical issue, many studies have explored and revealed new strategies to induce the maturity of iPSC-CMs. Therefore, this article aims to review recent induction methods of mature iPSC-CMs, related mechanisms, and limitations.
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22
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Physiological and pharmacological stimulation for in vitro maturation of substrate metabolism in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7802. [PMID: 33833285 PMCID: PMC8032667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) enable human cardiac cells to be studied in vitro, although they use glucose as their primary metabolic substrate and do not recapitulate the properties of adult cardiomyocytes. Here, we have explored the interplay between maturation by stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and by culture in 3D. We have investigated substrate metabolism in hiPSC-CMs grown as a monolayer and in 3D, in porous collagen-derived scaffolds and in engineered heart tissue (EHT), by measuring rates of glycolysis and glucose and fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and changes in gene expression and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. FAO was stimulated by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), using oleate and the agonist WY-14643, which induced an increase in FAO in monolayer hiPSC-CMs. hiPSC-CMs grown in 3D on collagen-derived scaffolds showed reduced glycolysis and increased FAO compared with monolayer cells. Activation of PPARα further increased FAO in cells on collagen/elastin scaffolds but not collagen or collagen/chondroitin-4-sulphate scaffolds. In EHT, FAO was significantly higher than in monolayer cells or those on static scaffolds and could be further increased by culture with oleate and WY-14643. In conclusion, a more mature metabolic phenotype can be induced by culture in 3D and FAO can be incremented by pharmacological stimulation.
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Burnett SD, Blanchette AD, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes as an in vitro model in toxicology: strengths and weaknesses for hazard identification and risk characterization. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:887-902. [PMID: 33612039 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1894122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes is one of the most widely used cell-based models that resulted from the discovery of how non-embryonic stem cells can be differentiated into multiple cell types. In just one decade, iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes went from a research lab to widespread use in biomedical research and preclinical safety evaluation for drugs and other chemicals. AREAS COVERED This manuscript reviews data on toxicology applications of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. We detail the outcome of a systematic literature search on their use (i) in hazard assessment for cardiotoxicity liabilities, (ii) for risk characterization, (iii) as models for population variability, and (iv) in studies of personalized medicine and disease. EXPERT OPINION iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are useful to increase the accuracy, precision, and efficiency of cardiotoxicity hazard identification for both drugs and non-pharmaceuticals, with recent efforts beginning to demonstrate their utility for risk characterization. Notable limitations include the needs to improve the maturation of cells in culture, to better understand their potential use identifying structural cardiotoxicity, and for additional case studies involving population-wide and disease-specific risk characterization. Ultimately, the greatest future benefits are likely for non-pharmaceutical chemicals, filling a critical gap where no routine testing for cardiotoxicity is currently performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Burnett
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alexander D Blanchette
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Verkerk AO, Wilders R. Dynamic Clamp in Electrophysiological Studies on Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes-Why and How? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:267-279. [PMID: 33229908 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are supposed to be a good human-based model, with virtually unlimited cell source, for studies on mechanisms underlying cardiac development and cardiac diseases, and for identification of drug targets. However, a major drawback of hPSC-CMs as a model system, especially for electrophysiological studies, is their depolarized state and associated spontaneous electrical activity. Various approaches are used to overcome this drawback, including the injection of "synthetic" inward rectifier potassium current (IK1), which is computed in real time, based on the recorded membrane potential ("dynamic clamp"). Such injection of an IK1-like current results in quiescent hPSC-CMs with a nondepolarized resting potential that show "adult-like" action potentials on stimulation, with functional availability of the most important ion channels involved in cardiac electrophysiology. These days, dynamic clamp has become a widely appreciated electrophysiological tool. However, setting up a dynamic clamp system can still be laborious and difficult, both because of the required hardware and the implementation of the dedicated software. In the present review, we first summarize the potential mechanisms underlying the depolarized state of hPSC-CMs and the functional consequences of this depolarized state. Next, we explain how an existing manual patch clamp setup can be extended with dynamic clamp. Finally, we shortly validate the extended setup with atrial-like and ventricular-like hPSC-CMs. We feel that dynamic clamp is a highly valuable tool in the field of cellular electrophysiological studies on hPSC-CMs and hope that our directions for setting up such dynamic clamp system may prove helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; and
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Wilders
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; and
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25
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Zhang R, Guo T, Han Y, Huang H, Shi J, Hu J, Li H, Wang J, Saleem A, Zhou P, Lan F. Design of synthetic microenvironments to promote the maturation of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:949-960. [PMID: 33231364 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs) have a good application perspective in many fields such as disease modeling, drug screening and clinical treatment. However, these are severely hampered by the fact that hPSC-CMs are immature compared to adult human cardiomyocytes. Therefore, many approaches such as genetic manipulation, biochemical factors supplement, mechanical stress, electrical stimulation and three-dimensional culture have been developed to promote the maturation of hPSC-CMs. Recently, establishing in vitro synthetic artificial microenvironments based on the in vivo development program of cardiomyocytes has achieved much attention due to their inherent properties such as stiffness, plasticity, nanotopography and chemical functionality. In this review, the achievements and deficiency of reported synthetic microenvironments that mainly discussed comprehensive biological, chemical, and physical factors, as well as three-dimensional culture were mainly discussed, which have significance to improve the microenvironment design and accelerate the maturation of hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Han
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Huang
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaxuan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Amina Saleem
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Lan
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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26
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Human-induced pluripotent stem cells as models for rare cardiovascular diseases: from evidence-based medicine to precision medicine. Pflugers Arch 2020; 473:1151-1165. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Santini L, Palandri C, Nediani C, Cerbai E, Coppini R. Modelling genetic diseases for drug development: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Veldhuizen J, Cutts J, Brafman DA, Migrino RQ, Nikkhah M. Engineering anisotropic human stem cell-derived three-dimensional cardiac tissue on-a-chip. Biomaterials 2020; 256:120195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Paik DT, Chandy M, Wu JC. Patient and Disease-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Discovery of Personalized Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:320-342. [PMID: 31871214 PMCID: PMC6934989 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as an effective platform for regenerative therapy, disease modeling, and drug discovery. iPSCs allow for the production of limitless supply of patient-specific somatic cells that enable advancement in cardiovascular precision medicine. Over the past decade, researchers have developed protocols to differentiate iPSCs to multiple cardiovascular lineages, as well as to enhance the maturity and functionality of these cells. Despite significant advances, drug therapy and discovery for cardiovascular disease have lagged behind other fields such as oncology. We speculate that this paucity of drug discovery is due to a previous lack of efficient, reproducible, and translational model systems. Notably, existing drug discovery and testing platforms rely on animal studies and clinical trials, but investigations in animal models have inherent limitations due to interspecies differences. Moreover, clinical trials are inherently flawed by assuming that all individuals with a disease will respond identically to a therapy, ignoring the genetic and epigenomic variations that define our individuality. With ever-improving differentiation and phenotyping methods, patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiovascular cells allow unprecedented opportunities to discover new drug targets and screen compounds for cardiovascular disease. Imbued with the genetic information of an individual, iPSCs will vastly improve our ability to test drugs efficiently, as well as tailor and titrate drug therapy for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mark Chandy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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30
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Optimizing the Use of iPSC-CMs for Cardiac Regeneration in Animal Models. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091561. [PMID: 32887495 PMCID: PMC7552322 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In 2006, the first induced pluripotent stem cells were generated by reprogramming skin cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells undergo fast cell division, can differentiate into many different cell types, can be patient-specific, and do not raise ethical issues. Thus, they offer great promise as in vitro disease models, drug toxicity testing platforms, and for autologous tissue regeneration. Heart failure is one of the major causes of death worldwide. It occurs when the heart cannot meet the body’s metabolic demands. Induced pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into cardiac myocytes, can form patches resembling native cardiac tissue, and can engraft to the damaged heart. However, despite correct host/graft coupling, most animal studies demonstrate an arrhythmogenicity of the engrafted tissue and variable survival. This is partially because of the heterogeneity and immaturity of the cells. New evidence suggests that by modulating induced pluripotent stem cells-cardiac myocytes (iPSC-CM) metabolism by switching substrates and changing metabolic pathways, you can decrease iPSC-CM heterogeneity and arrhythmogenicity. Novel culture methods and tissue engineering along with animal models of heart failure are needed to fully unlock the potential of cardiac myocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiac regeneration. Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a common disease in which the heart cannot meet the metabolic demands of the body. It mostly occurs in individuals 65 years or older. Cardiac transplantation is the best option for patients with advanced HF. High numbers of patient-specific cardiac myocytes (CMs) can be generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and can possibly be used to treat HF. While some studies found iPSC-CMS can couple efficiently to the damaged heart and restore cardiac contractility, almost all found iPSC-CM transplantation is arrhythmogenic, thus hampering the use of iPSC-CMs for cardiac regeneration. Studies show that iPSC-CM cultures are highly heterogeneous containing atrial-, ventricular- and nodal-like CMs. Furthermore, they have an immature phenotype, resembling more fetal than adult CMs. There is an urgent need to overcome these issues. To this end, a novel and interesting avenue to increase CM maturation consists of modulating their metabolism. Combined with careful engineering and animal models of HF, iPSC-CMs can be assessed for their potential for cardiac regeneration and a cure for HF.
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31
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Zhang XH, Morad M. Ca 2+ signaling of human pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes as compared to adult mammalian cardiomyocytes. Cell Calcium 2020; 90:102244. [PMID: 32585508 PMCID: PMC7483365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been extensively used for in vitro modeling of human cardiovascular disease, drug screening and pharmacotherapy, but little rigorous studies have been reported on their biophysical or Ca2+ signaling properties. There is also considerable concern as to the level of their maturity and whether they can serve as reliable models for adult human cardiac myocytes. Ultrastructural difference such as lack of t-tubular network, their polygonal shapes, disorganized sarcomeric myofilament, and their rhythmic automaticity, among others, have been cited as evidence for immaturity of hiPSC-CMs. In this review, we will deal with Ca2+ signaling, its regulation, and its stage of maturity as compared to the mammalian adult cardiomyocytes. We shall summarize the data on functional aspects of Ca2+signaling and its parameters that include: L-type calcium channel (Cav1.2), ICa-induced Ca2+release, CICR, and its parameters, cardiac Na/Ca exchanger (NCX1), the ryanodine receptors (RyR2), sarco-reticular Ca2+pump, SERCA2a/PLB, and the contribution of mitochondrial Ca2+ to hiPSC-CMs excitation-contraction (EC)-coupling as compared with adult mammalian cardiomyocytes. The comparative studies suggest that qualitatively hiPSC-CMs have similar Ca2+signaling properties as those of adult cardiomyocytes, but quantitative differences do exist. This review, we hope, will allow the readers to judge for themselves to what extent Ca2+signaling of hiPSC-CMs represents the adult form of this signaling pathway, and whether these cells can be used as good models of human cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Cardiac Signaling Center of University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, Clemson University, Charleston SC, United States
| | - Martin Morad
- Cardiac Signaling Center of University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, Clemson University, Charleston SC, United States.
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Montero P, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Musquiz S, Pérez Araluce M, Plano D, Sanmartín C, Orive G, Gavira JJ, Prosper F, Mazo MM. Cells, Materials, and Fabrication Processes for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:955. [PMID: 32850768 PMCID: PMC7431658 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer worldwide, with myocardial infarction (MI) responsible for approximately 1 in 6 deaths. The lack of endogenous regenerative capacity, added to the deleterious remodelling programme set into motion by myocardial necrosis, turns MI into a progressively debilitating disease, which current pharmacological therapy cannot halt. The advent of Regenerative Therapies over 2 decades ago kick-started a whole new scientific field whose aim was to prevent or even reverse the pathological processes of MI. As a highly dynamic organ, the heart displays a tight association between 3D structure and function, with the non-cellular components, mainly the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), playing both fundamental active and passive roles. Tissue engineering aims to reproduce this tissue architecture and function in order to fabricate replicas able to mimic or even substitute damaged organs. Recent advances in cell reprogramming and refinement of methods for additive manufacturing have played a critical role in the development of clinically relevant engineered cardiovascular tissues. This review focuses on the generation of human cardiac tissues for therapy, paying special attention to human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. We provide a perspective on progress in regenerative medicine from the early stages of cell therapy to the present day, as well as an overview of cellular processes, materials and fabrication strategies currently under investigation. Finally, we summarise current clinical applications and reflect on the most urgent needs and gaps to be filled for efficient translation to the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Montero
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Flandes-Iparraguirre
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Musquiz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Pérez Araluce
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology – UIRMI (UPV/EHU – Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan José Gavira
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Nakao S, Ihara D, Hasegawa K, Kawamura T. Applications for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Disease Modelling and Drug Development for Heart Diseases. Eur Cardiol 2020; 15:1-10. [PMID: 32180835 PMCID: PMC7066852 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2019.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from reprogrammed somatic cells by the introduction of defined transcription factors. They are characterised by a capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency. Human (h)iPSCs are expected to be used extensively for disease modelling, drug screening and regenerative medicine. Obtaining cardiac tissue from patients with mutations for genetic studies and functional analyses is a highly invasive procedure. In contrast, disease-specific hiPSCs are derived from the somatic cells of patients with specific genetic mutations responsible for disease phenotypes. These disease-specific hiPSCs are a better tool for studies of the pathophysiology and cellular responses to therapeutic agents. This article focuses on the current understanding, limitations and future direction of disease-specific hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Nakao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Division of Translational Research, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dai Ihara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Translational Research, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Kawamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Division of Translational Research, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan
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Case Report on: Very Early Afterdepolarizations in HiPSC-Cardiomyocytes-An Artifact by Big Conductance Calcium Activated Potassium Current (I bk,Ca). Cells 2020; 9:cells9010253. [PMID: 31968557 PMCID: PMC7017352 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) represent an unlimited source of human CMs that could be a standard tool in drug research. However, there is concern whether hiPSC-CMs express all cardiac ion channels at physiological level and whether they might express non-cardiac ion channels. In a control hiPSC line, we found large, “noisy” outward K+ currents, when we measured outward potassium currents in isolated hiPSC-CMs. Currents were sensitive to iberiotoxin, the selective blocker of big conductance Ca2+-activated K+ current (IBK,Ca). Seven of 16 individual differentiation batches showed a strong initial repolarization in the action potentials (AP) recorded from engineered heart tissue (EHT) followed by very early afterdepolarizations, sometimes even with consecutive oscillations. Iberiotoxin stopped oscillations and normalized AP shape, but had no effect in other EHTs without oscillations or in human left ventricular tissue (LV). Expression levels of the alpha-subunit (KCa1.1) of the BKCa correlated with the presence of oscillations in hiPSC-CMs and was not detectable in LV. Taken together, individual batches of hiPSC-CMs can express sarcolemmal ion channels that are otherwise not found in the human heart, resulting in oscillating afterdepolarizations in the AP. HiPSC-CMs should be screened for expression of non-cardiac ion channels before being applied to drug research.
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Lodrini AM, Barile L, Rocchetti M, Altomare C. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from a Cardiac Somatic Source: Insights for an In-Vitro Cardiomyocyte Platform. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020507. [PMID: 31941149 PMCID: PMC7013592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of adult somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized the complex scientific field of disease modelling and personalized therapy. Cardiac differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) has been used in a wide range of healthy and disease models by deriving CMs from different somatic cells. Unfortunately, hiPSC-CMs have to be improved because existing protocols are not completely able to obtain mature CMs recapitulating physiological properties of human adult cardiac cells. Therefore, improvements and advances able to standardize differentiation conditions are needed. Lately, evidences of an epigenetic memory retained by the somatic cells used for deriving hiPSC-CMs has led to evaluation of different somatic sources in order to obtain more mature hiPSC-derived CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Maria Lodrini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy; (A.M.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Lucio Barile
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano 6900, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Rocchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy; (A.M.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Claudia Altomare
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano 6900, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
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Arumugasaamy N, Hurley-Novatny A, Lembong J, Kim PC, Fisher JP. Assessing SSRIs' effects on fetal cardiomyocytes utilizing placenta-fetus model. Acta Biomater 2019; 99:258-268. [PMID: 31536839 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been shown to hinder cardiomyocyte signaling, raising concerns about their safety during pregnancy. Approaches to assess SSRI-induced effects on fetal cardiovascular cells following passage of drugs through the placental barrier in vitro have only recently become available. Herein, we report that the SSRIs, fluoxetine and sertraline, lead to slowed cardiomyocyte calcium oscillations and induce increased secretion of troponin T and creatine kinase-MB with reduced secretion of NT-proBNP, three key cardiac injury biomarkers. We show the cardiomyocyte calcium handling effects are further amplified following indirect exposure through a placental barrier model. These studies are the first to investigate the effects of placental barrier co-culture with cardiomyocytes in vitro and to show cardiotoxicity of SSRIs following passage through the placental barrier. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a class of antidepressants, during pregnancy continues to rise despite multiple studies showing potential for detrimental effects on the developing fetus. SSRIs are particularly thought to slow cardiovascular electrical activity, such as ion signaling, yet few, if any, methods exist to rigorously study these drug-induced effects on human pregnancy and the developing fetus. Within this study, we utilized a placenta-fetus model to evaluate these drug-induced effects on cardiomyocytes, looking the drugs' effects on calcium handling and secretion of multiple cardiac injury biomarkers. Together, with existing literature, this study provides a platform for assessing pharmacologic effects of drugs on cells mimicking the fetus and the role the placenta plays in this process.
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Enhancement of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte maturation by chemical conditioning in a 3D environment. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 138:1-11. [PMID: 31655038 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the understanding and use of pluripotent stem cells have produced major changes in approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. An obstacle to the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) for regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug discovery is their immature state relative to adult myocardium. We show the effects of a combination of biochemical factors, thyroid hormone, dexamethasone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (TDI) on the maturation of hiPSC-CMs in 3D cardiac microtissues (CMTs) that recapitulate aspects of the native myocardium. Based on a comparison of the gene expression profiles and the structural, ultrastructural, and electrophysiological properties of hiPSC-CMs in monolayers and CMTs, and measurements of the mechanical and pharmacological properties of CMTs, we find that TDI treatment in a 3D tissue context yields a higher fidelity adult cardiac phenotype, including sarcoplasmic reticulum function and contractile properties consistent with promotion of the maturation of hiPSC derived cardiomyocytes.
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Kumar N, Dougherty JA, Manring HR, Elmadbouh I, Mergaye M, Czirok A, Greta Isai D, Belevych AE, Yu L, Janssen PML, Fadda P, Gyorke S, Ackermann MA, Angelos MG, Khan M. Assessment of temporal functional changes and miRNA profiling of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13188. [PMID: 31515494 PMCID: PMC6742647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been developed for cardiac cell transplantation studies more than a decade ago. In order to establish the hiPSC-CM-based platform as an autologous source for cardiac repair and drug toxicity, it is vital to understand the functionality of cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess functional physiology, ultrastructural morphology, gene expression, and microRNA (miRNA) profiling at Wk-1, Wk-2 & Wk-4 in hiPSC-CMs in vitro. Functional assessment of hiPSC-CMs was determined by multielectrode array (MEA), Ca2+ cycling and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Results demonstrated that Wk-4 cardiomyocytes showed enhanced synchronization and maturation as compared to Wk-1 & Wk-2. Furthermore, ultrastructural morphology of Wk-4 cardiomyocytes closely mimicked the non-failing (NF) adult human heart. Additionally, modulation of cardiac genes, cell cycle genes, and pluripotency markers were analyzed by real-time PCR and compared with NF human heart. Increasing expression of fatty acid oxidation enzymes at Wk-4 supported the switching to lipid metabolism. Differential regulation of 12 miRNAs was observed in Wk-1 vs Wk-4 cardiomyocytes. Overall, this study demonstrated that Wk-4 hiPSC-CMs showed improved functional, metabolic and ultrastructural maturation, which could play a crucial role in optimizing timing for cell transplantation studies and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Julie A Dougherty
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Heather R Manring
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ibrahim Elmadbouh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Muhamad Mergaye
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andras Czirok
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dona Greta Isai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Andriy E Belevych
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sandor Gyorke
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maegen A Ackermann
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark G Angelos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Mourouzis I, Lavecchia AM, Xinaris C. Thyroid Hormone Signalling: From the Dawn of Life to the Bedside. J Mol Evol 2019; 88:88-103. [PMID: 31451837 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-019-09908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signalling is a key modulator of fundamental biological processes that has been evolutionarily conserved in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. TH may have initially emerged as a nutrient signal to convey environmental information to organisms to induce morpho-anatomical changes that could maximise the exploitation of environmental resources, and eventually integrated into the machinery of gene regulation and energy production to become a key regulator of development and metabolism. As such, TH signalling is particularly sensitive to environmental stimuli, and its alterations result in fundamental changes in homeostasis and physiology. Stressful stimuli of various origins lead to changes in the TH-TH receptor (TR) axis in different adult mammalian organs that are associated with phenotypical changes in terminally differentiated cells, the reactivation of foetal development programmes, structural remodelling and pathological growth. Here, we discuss the evolution of TH signalling, review evolutionarily conserved functions of THs in essential biological processes, such as metamorphosis and perinatal development, and analyse the role of TH signalling in the phenotypical and morphological changes that occur after injury, repair and regeneration in adult mammalian organs. Finally, we examine the potential of TH treatment as a therapeutic strategy for improving organ structure and functions following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Ave., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelo Michele Lavecchia
- Laboratory of Organ Regeneration, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Stezzano 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Christodoulos Xinaris
- Laboratory of Organ Regeneration, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Stezzano 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy. .,University of Nicosia Medical School, 93 Agiou Nikolaou Street, Engomi, 2408, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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40
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Poon ENY, Hao B, Guan D, Jun Li M, Lu J, Yang Y, Wu B, Wu SCM, Webb SE, Liang Y, Miller AL, Yao X, Wang J, Yan B, Boheler KR. Integrated transcriptomic and regulatory network analyses identify microRNA-200c as a novel repressor of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:894-906. [PMID: 29373717 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for the post-transcriptional control of protein-encoding genes and together with transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression; however, the regulatory activities of miRNAs during cardiac development are only partially understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that integrative computational approaches could identify miRNAs that experimentally could be shown to regulate cardiomyogenesis. Methods and results We integrated expression profiles with bioinformatics analyses of miRNA and TF regulatory programs to identify candidate miRNAs involved with cardiac development. Expression profiling showed that miR-200c, which is not normally detected in adult heart, is progressively down-regulated both during cardiac development and in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to cardiomyocytes (CMs). We employed computational methodologies to predict target genes of both miR-200c and five key cardiac TFs to identify co-regulated gene networks. The inferred cardiac networks revealed that the cooperative action of miR-200c with these five key TFs, including three (GATA4, SRF and TBX5) targeted by miR-200c, should modulate key processes and pathways necessary for CM development and function. Experimentally, over-expression (OE) of miR-200c in hESC-CMs reduced the mRNA levels of GATA4, SRF and TBX5. Cardiac expression of Ca2+, K+ and Na+ ion channel genes (CACNA1C, KCNJ2 and SCN5A) were also significantly altered by knockdown or OE of miR-200c. Luciferase reporter assays validated miR-200c binding sites on the 3' untranslated region of CACNA1C. In hESC-CMs, elevated miR-200c increased beating frequency, and repressed both Ca2+ influx, mediated by the L-type Ca2+ channel and Ca2+ transients. Conclusions Our analyses demonstrate that miR-200c represses hESC-CM differentiation and maturation. The integrative computation and experimental approaches described here, when applied more broadly, will enhance our understanding of the interplays between miRNAs and TFs in controlling cardiac development and disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Ngar-Yun Poon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baixia Hao
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daogang Guan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mulin Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Centre of Genomics Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LSK Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Laboratory for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Ave, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Laboratory for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Ave, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Stanley Chun-Ming Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah E Webb
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Laboratory for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Ave, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Andrew L Miller
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Marine Biology Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LSK Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Centre of Genomics Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong, China.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Bin Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre of Genomics Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong, China.,Laboratory for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Ave, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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41
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Dunn KK, Reichardt IM, Simmons AD, Jin G, Floy ME, Hoon KM, Palecek SP. Coculture of Endothelial Cells with Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitors Reveals a Differentiation Stage-Specific Enhancement of Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800725. [PMID: 30927511 PMCID: PMC6849481 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are immature in their structure and function, limiting their potential in disease modeling, drug screening, and cardiac cellular therapies. Prior studies have demonstrated that coculture of hPSC-derived CMs with other cardiac cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs), can accelerate CM maturation. To address whether the CM differentiation stage at which ECs are introduced affects CM maturation, the authors coculture hPSC-derived ECs with hPSC-derived cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and CMs and analyze the molecular and functional attributes of maturation. ECs have a more significant effect on acceleration of maturation when cocultured with CPCs than with CMs. EC coculture with CPCs increases CM size, expression of sarcomere, and ion channel genes and proteins, the presence of intracellular membranous extensions, and chronotropic response compared to monoculture. Maturation is accelerated with an increasing EC:CPC ratio. This study demonstrates that EC incorporation at the CPC stage of CM differentiation expedites CM maturation, leading to cells that may be better suited for in vitro and in vivo applications of hPSC-derived CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin K Dunn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Isabella M Reichardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aaron D Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gyuhyung Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martha E Floy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kelsey M Hoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
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42
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Kernik DC, Morotti S, Wu H, Garg P, Duff HJ, Kurokawa J, Jalife J, Wu JC, Grandi E, Clancy CE. A computational model of induced pluripotent stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes incorporating experimental variability from multiple data sources. J Physiol 2019; 597:4533-4564. [PMID: 31278749 PMCID: PMC6767694 DOI: 10.1113/jp277724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CMs) capture patient‐specific genotype–phenotype relationships, as well as cell‐to‐cell variability of cardiac electrical activity Computational modelling and simulation provide a high throughput approach to reconcile multiple datasets describing physiological variability, and also identify vulnerable parameter regimes We have developed a whole‐cell model of iPSC‐CMs, composed of single exponential voltage‐dependent gating variable rate constants, parameterized to fit experimental iPSC‐CM outputs We have utilized experimental data across multiple laboratories to model experimental variability and investigate subcellular phenotypic mechanisms in iPSC‐CMs This framework links molecular mechanisms to cellular‐level outputs by revealing unique subsets of model parameters linked to known iPSC‐CM phenotypes
Abstract There is a profound need to develop a strategy for predicting patient‐to‐patient vulnerability in the emergence of cardiac arrhythmia. A promising in vitro method to address patient‐specific proclivity to cardiac disease utilizes induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CMs). A major strength of this approach is that iPSC‐CMs contain donor genetic information and therefore capture patient‐specific genotype–phenotype relationships. A cited detriment of iPSC‐CMs is the cell‐to‐cell variability observed in electrical activity. We postulated, however, that cell‐to‐cell variability may constitute a strength when appropriately utilized in a computational framework to build cell populations that can be employed to identify phenotypic mechanisms and pinpoint key sensitive parameters. Thus, we have exploited variation in experimental data across multiple laboratories to develop a computational framework for investigating subcellular phenotypic mechanisms. We have developed a whole‐cell model of iPSC‐CMs composed of simple model components comprising ion channel models with single exponential voltage‐dependent gating variable rate constants, parameterized to fit experimental iPSC‐CM data for all major ionic currents. By optimizing ionic current model parameters to multiple experimental datasets, we incorporate experimentally‐observed variability in the ionic currents. The resulting population of cellular models predicts robust inter‐subject variability in iPSC‐CMs. This approach links molecular mechanisms to known cellular‐level iPSC‐CM phenotypes, as shown by comparing immature and mature subpopulations of models to analyse the contributing factors underlying each phenotype. In the future, the presented models can be readily expanded to include genetic mutations and pharmacological interventions for studying the mechanisms of rare events, such as arrhythmia triggers. Induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CMs) capture patient‐specific genotype–phenotype relationships, as well as cell‐to‐cell variability of cardiac electrical activity Computational modelling and simulation provide a high throughput approach to reconcile multiple datasets describing physiological variability, and also identify vulnerable parameter regimes We have developed a whole‐cell model of iPSC‐CMs, composed of single exponential voltage‐dependent gating variable rate constants, parameterized to fit experimental iPSC‐CM outputs We have utilized experimental data across multiple laboratories to model experimental variability and investigate subcellular phenotypic mechanisms in iPSC‐CMs This framework links molecular mechanisms to cellular‐level outputs by revealing unique subsets of model parameters linked to known iPSC‐CM phenotypes
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya C Kernik
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stefano Morotti
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - HaoDi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Priyanka Garg
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Henry J Duff
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Junko Kurokawa
- Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - José Jalife
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), and CIBERV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Colleen E Clancy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Ebert A, Joshi AU, Andorf S, Dai Y, Sampathkumar S, Chen H, Li Y, Garg P, Toischer K, Hasenfuss G, Mochly-Rosen D, Wu JC. Proteasome-Dependent Regulation of Distinct Metabolic States During Long-Term Culture of Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2019; 125:90-103. [PMID: 31104567 PMCID: PMC6613799 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The immature presentation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) is currently a challenge for their application in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. Long-term culture is known to achieve partial maturation of iPSC-CMs. However, little is known about the molecular signaling circuitries that govern functional changes, metabolic output, and cellular homeostasis during long-term culture of iPSC-CMs. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify and characterize critical signaling events that control functional and metabolic transitions of cardiac cells during developmental progression, as recapitulated by long-term culture of iPSC-CMs. METHODS AND RESULTS We combined transcriptomic sequencing with pathway network mapping in iPSC-CMs that were cultured until a late time point, day 200, in comparison to a medium time point, day 90, and an early time point, day 30. Transcriptomic landscapes of long-term cultured iPSC-CMs allowed mapping of distinct metabolic stages during development of maturing iPSC-CMs. Temporally divergent control of mitochondrial metabolism was found to be regulated by cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A)- and proteasome-dependent signaling events. The PKA/proteasome-dependent signaling cascade was mediated downstream by Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90), which in turn modulated mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins and their metabolic output. During long-term culture, this circuitry was found to initiate upregulation of iPSC-CM metabolism, resulting in increased cell contractility that reached a maximum at the day 200 time point. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a PKA/proteasome- and Hsp90-dependent signaling pathway that regulates mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins and determines cardiomyocyte energy production and functional output. These findings provide deeper insight into signaling circuitries governing metabolic homeostasis in iPSC-CMs during developmental progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Ebert
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Heart Center, University of Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Andorf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Heart Center, University of Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shrivatsan Sampathkumar
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Heart Center, University of Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Haodong Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - Yingxin Li
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - Priyanka Garg
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - Karl Toischer
- Heart Center, University of Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Heart Center, University of Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
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Yonemizu S, Masuda K, Kurata Y, Notsu T, Higashi Y, Fukumura K, Li P, Ninomiya H, Miake J, Tsuneto M, Shirayoshi Y, Hisatome I. Inhibitory effects of class I antiarrhythmic agents on Na + and Ca 2+ currents of human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Regen Ther 2019; 10:104-111. [PMID: 30766898 PMCID: PMC6360514 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) harboring cardiac myosin heavy chain 6 promoter can differentiate into functional cardiomyocytes called "iCell cardiomyocytes" under blasticidin treatment condition. While iCell cardiomyocytes are expected to be used for predicting cardiotoxicity of drugs, their responses to antiarrhythmic agents remain to be elucidated. We first examined electrophysiological properties of iCell cardiomyocytes and mRNA levels of ion channels and Ca handling proteins, and then evaluated effects of class I antiarrhythmic agents on their Na+ and Ca2+ currents. METHODS iCell cardiomyocytes were cultured for 8-14 days (38-44 days after inducing their differentiation), according to the manufacturer's protocol. We determined their action potentials (APs) and sarcolemmal ionic currents using whole-cell patch clamp techniques, and also mRNA levels of ion channels and Ca handling proteins by RT-PCR. Effects of three class I antiarrhythmic agents, pirmenol, pilsicainide and mexiletine, on Na+ channel current (INa) and L-type Ca2+ channel current (ICaL) were evaluated by the whole-cell patch clamp. RESULTS iCell cardiomyocytes revealed sinoatrial node-type (18%), atrial-type (18%) and ventricular-type (64%) spontaneous APs. The maximum peak amplitudes of INa, ICaL, and rapidly-activating delayed-rectifier K+ channel current were -62.7 ± 13.7, -8.1 ± 0.7, and 3.0 ± 1.0 pA/pF, respectively. The hyperpolarization-activated cation channel and inward-rectifier K+ channel currents were observed, whereas the T-type Ca2+ channel or slowly-activating delayed-rectifier K+ channel current was not detectable. mRNAs of Nav1.5, Cav1.2, Kir2.1, HCN4, KvLQT1, hERG and SERCA2 were detected, while that of HCN1, minK or MiRP was not. The class Ia antiarrhythmic agent pirmenol and class Ic agent pilsicainide blocked INa in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 of 0.87 ± 0.37 and 0.88 ± 0.16 μM, respectively; the class Ib agent mexiletine revealed weak INa block with a higher IC50 of 30.0 ± 3.0 μM. Pirmenol, pilsicainide and mexiletine blocked ICaL with IC50 of 2.00 ± 0.39, 7.7 ± 2.5 and 5.0 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In iCell cardiomyocytes, INa was blocked by the class Ia and Ic antiarrhythmic agents and ICaL was blocked by all the class I agents within the ranges of clinical concentrations, suggesting their cardiotoxicity.
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Key Words
- AP, action potential
- APA, AP amplitude
- APD, AP duration
- ET-1, Endothelin 1
- HP, holding potential
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1
- L-type Ca2+ channel current
- MDP, maximum diastolic potential
- MYH, myosin heavy chain
- MiRP, minK related protein
- Na+ channel current
- OS, overshoot potential
- SAN, sinoatrial node
- class I antiarrhythmic agents
- hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell
- iCell cardiomyocytes
- minK, minimal potassium channel subunit
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Yonemizu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Masuda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tomomi Notsu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yuhei Higashi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kenta Fukumura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Peili Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Junichiro Miake
- Department of Pharmacology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Motokazu Tsuneto
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Ross GR, Rizvi F, Emelyanova L, Tajik AJ, Jahangir A. Prolonged post-differentiation culture influences the expression and biophysics of Na + and Ca 2+ channels in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ventricular-like cardiomyocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 378:59-66. [PMID: 31041505 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have been reported in various domains from induction methods to utilities of somatic cell pluripotent reprogramming. However, one of the major struggles facing the research field of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived target cells is the lack of consistency in observations. This could be due to variety of reasons including varied culture periods post-differentiation. The cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from iPSCs are commonly studied and proposed to be utilized in the comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia initiative for drug safety screening. As the influence of varied culture periods on the electrophysiological properties of iPSC-CMs is not clearly known, using whole-cell patch clamp technique, we compared two groups of differentiated ventricular-like iPSC-CMs that are cultured for 10 to 15 days (D10-15) and more than 30 days (≥ D30) both under current and voltage clamps. The prolonged culture imparts increased excitability with high-frequency spontaneous action potentials, robust increase in the magnitude of peak Na+ current density, relatively shallow inactivation kinetics of Na+ channels, faster recovery from inactivation, and augmented Ca2+ current density. Quantitative real-time PCR studies of α-subunit transcripts showed enhanced mRNA expression of SCN1A, SCN5A Na+ channel subtypes, and CACNA1C, CACNA1G, and CACNA1I Ca2+ channel subtypes, in ≥ D30 group. Conclusively, the prolonged culture of differentiated iPSC-CMs affects the excitability, single-cell electrophysiological properties, and ion channel expressions. Therefore, following standard periods of culture across research studies while utilizing ventricular-like iPSC-CMs for in vitro health/disease modeling to study cellular functional mechanisms or test high-throughput drugs' efficacy and toxicity becomes crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracious R Ross
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2900 W Oklahoma Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53215, USA.
| | - Farhan Rizvi
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2900 W Oklahoma Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53215, USA
| | - Larisa Emelyanova
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2900 W Oklahoma Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53215, USA
| | - A Jamil Tajik
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Arshad Jahangir
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Hellen N, Pinto Ricardo C, Vauchez K, Whiting G, Wheeler JX, Harding SE. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Temporal Changes in Protein Expression in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes In Vitro. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:565-578. [PMID: 30755138 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) hold great promise for regenerative medicine and in vitro screening. Despite displaying key cardiomyocyte phenotypic characteristics, they more closely resemble fetal/neonatal cardiomyocytes, and further characterization is necessary. By combining the use of tandem mass tags to label cell lysates, followed by multiplexing, we have determined the effects of short-term (30 day) in vitro culture on hiPSC-CM protein expression. We found that hiPSC-CM exhibit temporal changes in global protein expression; alterations in protein expression were pronounced during the first 2 weeks following thaw and dominated by reductions in proteins associated with protein synthesis and ubiquitination. Between 2 and 4 weeks, proceeding thaw alterations in protein expression were dominated by metabolic pathways, indicating a potential temporal metabolic shift from glycolysis toward oxidative phosphorylation. Time-dependent changes in proteins associated with cardiomyocyte contraction, excitation-contraction coupling, and metabolism were detected. While some were associated with expected functional outcomes in terms of morphology or electrophysiology, others such as metabolism did not produce the anticipated maturation of hiPSC-CM. In several cases, a predicted outcome was not clear because of the concerted changes in both stimulatory and inhibitory pathways. Nevertheless, clear development of hiPSC-CM over this time period was evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Hellen
- 1 Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Pinto Ricardo
- 1 Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karine Vauchez
- 1 Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Whiting
- 2 National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jun X Wheeler
- 2 National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sian E Harding
- 1 Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Fenix AM, Neininger AC, Taneja N, Hyde K, Visetsouk MR, Garde RJ, Liu B, Nixon BR, Manalo AE, Becker JR, Crawley SW, Bader DM, Tyska MJ, Liu Q, Gutzman JH, Burnette DT. Muscle-specific stress fibers give rise to sarcomeres in cardiomyocytes. eLife 2018; 7:42144. [PMID: 30540249 PMCID: PMC6307863 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarcomere is the contractile unit within cardiomyocytes driving heart muscle contraction. We sought to test the mechanisms regulating actin and myosin filament assembly during sarcomere formation. Therefore, we developed an assay using human cardiomyocytes to monitor sarcomere assembly. We report a population of muscle stress fibers, similar to actin arcs in non-muscle cells, which are essential sarcomere precursors. We show sarcomeric actin filaments arise directly from muscle stress fibers. This requires formins (e.g., FHOD3), non-muscle myosin IIA and non-muscle myosin IIB. Furthermore, we show short cardiac myosin II filaments grow to form ~1.5 μm long filaments that then 'stitch' together to form the stack of filaments at the core of the sarcomere (i.e., the A-band). A-band assembly is dependent on the proper organization of actin filaments and, as such, is also dependent on FHOD3 and myosin IIB. We use this experimental paradigm to present evidence for a unifying model of sarcomere assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan M Fenix
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Abigail C Neininger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Nilay Taneja
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Karren Hyde
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Mike R Visetsouk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Ryan J Garde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Benjamin R Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Annabelle E Manalo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Jason R Becker
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Scott W Crawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, United States
| | - David M Bader
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Jennifer H Gutzman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Dylan T Burnette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
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Pavlovic BJ, Blake LE, Roux J, Chavarria C, Gilad Y. A Comparative Assessment of Human and Chimpanzee iPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes with Primary Heart Tissues. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15312. [PMID: 30333510 PMCID: PMC6193013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative genomic studies in primates have the potential to reveal the genetic and mechanistic basis for human specific traits. These studies may also help us better understand inter-species phenotypic differences that are clinically relevant. Unfortunately, the obvious limitation on sample collection and experimentation in humans and non-human apes severely restrict our ability to perform dynamic comparative studies in primates. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and their corresponding differentiated cells, may provide a suitable alternative system for dynamic comparative studies. Yet, to effectively use iPSCs and differentiated cells for comparative studies, one must characterize the extent to which these systems faithfully represent biological processes in primary tissues. To do so, we compared gene expression data from primary adult heart tissue and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from multiple human and chimpanzee individuals. We determined that gene expression in cultured cardiomyocytes from both human and chimpanzee is most similar to that of adult hearts compared to other adult tissues. Using a comparative framework, we found that 50% of gene regulatory differences between human and chimpanzee hearts are also observed between species in cultured cardiomyocytes; conversely, inter-species regulatory differences seen in cardiomyocytes are found significantly more often in hearts than in other primary tissues. Our work provides a detailed description of the utility and limitation of differentiated cardiomyocytes as a system for comparative functional genomic studies in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Pavlovic
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Lauren E Blake
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julien Roux
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Chavarria
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yoav Gilad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Investigation of Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies in Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes: Strengths and Limitations. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2018; 31:325-344. [PMID: 28721524 PMCID: PMC5550530 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-017-6735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the last two decades, significant progress has been made in the identification of genetic defects underlying inherited arrhythmia syndromes, which has provided some clinical benefit through elucidation of gene-specific arrhythmia triggers and treatment. However, for most arrhythmia syndromes, clinical management is hindered by insufficient knowledge of the functional consequences of the mutation in question, the pro-arrhythmic mechanisms involved, and hence the most optimal treatment strategy. Moreover, disease expressivity and sensitivity to therapeutic interventions often varies between mutations and/or patients, underlining the need for more individualized strategies. The development of the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology now provides the opportunity for generating iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human material (hiPSC-CMs), enabling patient- and/or mutation-specific investigations. These hiPSC-CMs may furthermore be employed for identification and assessment of novel therapeutic strategies for arrhythmia syndromes. However, due to their relative immaturity, hiPSC-CMs also display a number of essential differences as compared to adult human CMs, and hence there are certain limitations in their use. We here review the electrophysiological characteristics of hiPSC-CMs, their use for investigating inherited arrhythmia syndromes, and their applicability for identification and assessment of (novel) anti-arrhythmic treatment strategies.
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50
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Pantos C, Mourouzis I. Thyroid hormone receptor α1 as a novel therapeutic target for tissue repair. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:254. [PMID: 30069456 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.06.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Analogies between the damaged tissue and developing organ indicate that a regulatory network that drives embryonic organ development may control aspects of tissue repair. In this regard, there is a growing body of experimental and clinical evidence showing that TH may be critical for recovery after injury. Especially TRα1 has been reported to play an essential role in cell proliferation and differentiation and thus in the process of repair/regeneration in the heart and other tissues. Patients after myocardial infarction, stroke or therapeutic interventions [such as PCI for coronary artery disease (CAD)] with lower TH levels appear to have increased morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, TH treatment in clinical settings of ischemia/reperfusion such as by-pass surgery seems to be cardioprotective against ischemic injury. Furthermore, TH therapy of donors is shown to result in organ preservation and increased numbers of donors and improved post-transplantation graft survival. TH and thyroid analogs may prove novel therapeutic agents for tissue repair.
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