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Deng Z, Fan T, Xiao C, Tian H, Zheng Y, Li C, He J. TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:61. [PMID: 38514615 PMCID: PMC10958066 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular responses and is particularly critical to embryonic development, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and immune homeostasis in health. The dysfunction of TGF-β can play key roles in many diseases, and numerous targeted therapies have been developed to rectify its pathogenic activity. In the past decades, a large number of studies on TGF-β signaling have been carried out, covering a broad spectrum of topics in health, disease, and therapeutics. Thus, a comprehensive overview of TGF-β signaling is required for a general picture of the studies in this field. In this review, we retrace the research history of TGF-β and introduce the molecular mechanisms regarding its biosynthesis, activation, and signal transduction. We also provide deep insights into the functions of TGF-β signaling in physiological conditions as well as in pathological processes. TGF-β-targeting therapies which have brought fresh hope to the treatment of relevant diseases are highlighted. Through the summary of previous knowledge and recent updates, this review aims to provide a systematic understanding of TGF-β signaling and to attract more attention and interest to this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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2
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Wang Z. Role of transforming growth factor-β in airway remodelling in bronchiolitis obliterans. Growth Factors 2023; 41:192-209. [PMID: 37487145 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2023.2239356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Airway remodelling is the main pathological mechanism of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). Several studies have found that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression is increased in BO during airway remodelling, where it plays an important role in various biological processes by binding to its receptor complex to activate multiple signalling proteins and pathways. This review examines the role of TGF-β in airway remodelling in BO and its potential as a therapeutic target, highlighting the mechanisms of TGF-β activation and signalling, cellular targets of TGF-β actions, and research progress in TGF-β signalling and TGF-β-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Urciuolo F, Imparato G, Netti PA. In vitro strategies for mimicking dynamic cell-ECM reciprocity in 3D culture models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1197075. [PMID: 37434756 PMCID: PMC10330728 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1197075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular microenvironment regulates cell decisions through the accurate presentation at the cell surface of a complex array of biochemical and biophysical signals that are mediated by the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). On the one hand, the cells actively remodel the ECM, which on the other hand affects cell functions. This cell-ECM dynamic reciprocity is central in regulating and controlling morphogenetic and histogenetic processes. Misregulation within the extracellular space can cause aberrant bidirectional interactions between cells and ECM, resulting in dysfunctional tissues and pathological states. Therefore, tissue engineering approaches, aiming at reproducing organs and tissues in vitro, should realistically recapitulate the native cell-microenvironment crosstalk that is central for the correct functionality of tissue-engineered constructs. In this review, we will describe the most updated bioengineering approaches to recapitulate the native cell microenvironment and reproduce functional tissues and organs in vitro. We have highlighted the limitations of the use of exogenous scaffolds in recapitulating the regulatory/instructive and signal repository role of the native cell microenvironment. By contrast, strategies to reproduce human tissues and organs by inducing cells to synthetize their own ECM acting as a provisional scaffold to control and guide further tissue development and maturation hold the potential to allow the engineering of fully functional histologically competent three-dimensional (3D) tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Urciuolo
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - G. Imparato
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - P. A. Netti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
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4
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Tjong J, Pendlmayr S, Barter J, Chen J, Maksym GN, Quinn TA, Frampton JP. Cell-contact-mediated assembly of contractile airway smooth muscle rings. Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 36801856 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acbd09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Microtissues in the shape of toroidal rings provide an ideal geometry to better represent the structure and function of the airway smooth muscle present in the small airways, and to better understand diseases such as asthma. Here, polydimethylsiloxane devices consisting of a series of circular channels surrounding central mandrels are used to form microtissues in the shape of toroidal rings by way of the self-aggregation and -assembly of airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) suspensions. Over time, the ASMCs present in the rings become spindle-shaped and axially align along the ring circumference. Ring strength and elastic modulus increase over 14 d in culture, without significant changes in ring size. Gene expression analysis indicates stable expression of mRNA for extracellular matrix-associated proteins, including collagen I and lamininsα1 andα4 over 21 d in culture. Cells within the rings respond to TGF-β1 treatment, leading to dramatic decreases in ring circumference, with increases in mRNA and protein levels for extracellular matrix and contraction-associated markers. These data demonstrate the utility of ASMC rings as a platform for modeling diseases of the small airways such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tjong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Stefan Pendlmayr
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jena Barter
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Julie Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Geoffrey N Maksym
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - T Alexander Quinn
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - John P Frampton
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Hassoun D, Rose L, Blanc FX, Magnan A, Loirand G, Sauzeau V. Bronchial smooth muscle cell in asthma: where does it fit? BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9:9/1/e001351. [PMID: 36109087 PMCID: PMC9478857 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a frequent respiratory condition whose pathophysiology relies on altered interactions between bronchial epithelium, smooth muscle cells (SMC) and immune responses. Those leads to classical hallmarks of asthma: airway hyper-responsiveness, bronchial remodelling and chronic inflammation. Airway smooth muscle biology and pathophysiological implication in asthma are now better understood. Precise deciphering of intracellular signalling pathways regulating smooth muscle contraction highlighted the critical roles played by small GTPases of Rho superfamily. Beyond contractile considerations, active involvement of airway smooth muscle in bronchial remodelling mechanisms is now established. Not only cytokines and growth factors, such as fibroblats growth factor or transforming growth factor-β, but also extracellular matrix composition have been demonstrated as potent phenotype modifiers for airway SMC. Although basic science knowledge has grown significantly, little of it has translated into improvement in asthma clinical practice. Evaluation of airway smooth muscle function is still limited to its contractile activity. Moreover, it relies on tools, such as spirometry, that give only an overall assessment and not a specific one. Interesting technics such as forced oscillometry or specific imagery (CT and MRI) give new perspectives to evaluate other aspects of airway muscle such as bronchial remodelling. Finally, except for the refinement of conventional bronchodilators, no new drug therapy directly targeting airway smooth muscle proved its efficacy. Bronchial thermoplasty is an innovative and efficient therapeutic strategy but is only restricted to a small proportion of severe asthmatic patients. New diagnostic and therapeutic strategies specifically oriented toward airway smooth muscle are needed to improve global asthma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Hassoun
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Lindsay Rose
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France
| | - François-Xavier Blanc
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- INRAe, UMR 0892, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.,Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Gervaise Loirand
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France
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6
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Severe asthma is "asthma which requires treatment with high dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) plus a second controller (and/or systemic corticosteroids) to prevent it from becoming 'uncontrolled' or which remains 'uncontrolled' despite this therapy." The state of control was defined by symptoms, exacerbations and the degree of airflow obstruction. Therefore, for the diagnosis of severe asthma, it is important to have evidence for a diagnosis of asthma with an assessment of its severity, followed by a review of comorbidities, risk factors, triggers and an assessment of whether treatment is commensurate with severity, whether the prescribed treatments have been adhered to and whether inhaled therapy has been properly administered. Phenotyping of severe asthma has been introduced with the definition of a severe eosinophilic asthma phenotype characterized by recurrent exacerbations despite being on high dose ICS and sometimes oral corticosteroids, with a high blood eosinophil count and a raised level of nitric oxide in exhaled breath. This phenotype has been associated with a Type-2 (T2) inflammatory profile with expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Molecular phenotyping has also revealed non-T2 inflammatory phenotypes such as Type-1 or Type-17 driven phenotypes. Antibody treatments targeted at the T2 targets such as anti-IL5, anti-IL5Rα, and anti-IL4Rα antibodies are now available for treating severe eosinophilic asthma, in addition to anti-immunoglobulin E antibody for severe allergic asthma. No targeted treatments are currently available for non-T2 inflammatory phenotypes. Long-term azithromycin and bronchial thermoplasty may be considered. The future lies with molecular phenotyping of the airway inflammatory process to refine asthma endotypes for precision medicine.
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Chen R, Michaeloudes C, Liang Y, Bhavsar PK, Chung KF, Ip MSM, Mak JCW. ORMDL3 regulates cigarette smoke-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in airway smooth muscle cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1445-1457.e5. [PMID: 34624393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orosomucoid 1-like protein 3 (ORMDL3), a transmembrane protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has been genetically associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in addition to childhood-onset asthma. However, the functional role of ORMDL3 in the pathogenesis of COPD is still unknown. OBJECTIVE Because cigarette smoke is the major risk factor for COPD, we aimed to investigate the role of ORMDL3 in cigarette smoke-induced human airway smooth muscle cell (HASMC) injury. METHODS The mRNA and protein expression of ORMDL3 was examined in HASMCs from nonsmokers and smokers without or with COPD. Knockdown of ORMDL3 in primary healthy HASMCs was performed using small interfering RNA before exposure to cigarette smoke medium (CSM) for 24 hours. Inflammatory, proliferative/apoptotic, ER stress, and mitochondrial markers were evaluated. RESULTS Elevation of ORMDL3 mRNA and protein expression was observed in HASMCs of smokers without or with COPD. CSM caused significant upregulation of ORMDL3 expression in healthy nonsmokers. ORMDL3 knockdown regulated CSM-induced inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Silencing ORMDL3 led to reduction of CSM-induced ER stress via inhibition of unfolded protein response pathways such as activating transcription factor 6 and protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase. ORMDL3 was also involved in CSM-induced mitochondrial dysfunction via the mitochondrial fission process. CONCLUSIONS We report the induction of ORMDL3 in HASMCs after cigarette smoke exposure. ORMDL3 may mediate cigarette smoke-induced activation of unfolded protein response pathways during airway smooth muscle cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Charalambos Michaeloudes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Respiratory Division, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingmin Liang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Respiratory Division, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pankaj K Bhavsar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Respiratory Division, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Respiratory Division, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mary S M Ip
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Respiratory Division, Shenzhen, China
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Respiratory Division, Shenzhen, China; Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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8
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D'Annunzio G, Gobbo F, Avallone G, Bacci B, Sabattini S, Sarli G. Airway Remodeling in Feline Lungs. Top Companion Anim Med 2021; 46:100587. [PMID: 34624551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling encompass structural changes that occur as the result of chronic injury and lead to persistently altered airway structure and function. Although this process is known in several human respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), airway remodeling is poorly characterized in the feline counterpart. In this study, we describe the spontaneous pulmonary changes in 3 cats paralleling the airway remodeling reported in humans. We observed airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) hyperplasia (peribronchial and interstitial), airway subepithelial and interstitial fibrosis, and vascular remodeling by increased number of vessels in the bronchial submucosa. The hyperplastic ASMCs co-expressed α-SMA, vimentin and desmin suggesting that vimentin, which is not normally expressed by ASMCs, may play a role in airway thickening, and remodeling. ASMCs had strong cytoplasmic expression of TGFβ-1, which is known to contribute to tissue remodeling in asthma and in various bronchial and interstitial lung diseases, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of ASMCs hyperplasia. Our findings provide histologic evidence of airway remodeling in cats. Further studies on larger caseloads are needed to support our conclusions on the value of this feline condition as an animal model for nonspecific airway remodeling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia D'Annunzio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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Singh R, Vidal B, Ascanio J, Redhu NS, Ruiz de Somocurcio J, Majid A, VanderLaan PA, Gangadharan SP. A Pilot Gene Expression and Histopathologic Analysis of Tracheal Resections in Tracheobronchomalacia. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:1925-1932. [PMID: 34547297 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The airway structures and mRNA expression of genes that regulate airway inflammation and remodeling may be altered in the trachea of patients with tracheobronchomalacia (TBM). METHODS Fourteen tracheal specimens from 2005-to-2018 were used in this study. Surgical resection specimens from patients with TBM and tracheal stenosis (TS) were compared to control tracheal specimens obtained from autopsy cases. We investigated the mRNA expression of genes encoding fibroblast growth factor (FGF), binding protein 2 (FGFBP2), FGF receptor R3 (FGFR3), interleukin-1 beta (IL1β), tumor growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), as well as established markers of airway inflammation including interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The relative expression of target transcripts was assessed by qRT-PCR. A histological examination of the same resected airway specimens was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections. RESULTS FGFBP2 and FGFR3 showed higher expression in TBM compared to TS and control groups (p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, both TGFβ1 and TIMP1 were elevated in TBM compared to controls (p<0.05). Conversely, ICAM1 was downregulated in TBM versus TS and controls (p<0.05). IL1β, IFNγ, and TNF were increased in TBM although did not achieve statistical significance. Histologically, compared to control airways, both TBM and TS demonstrated submucosal fibrotic changes, with TBM additionally demonstrating alterations in elastin fiber quality and density in the posterior membrane. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes in gene expression are observed in the tracheal walls of patients with TBM and TS compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Singh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara Vidal
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juan Ascanio
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naresh Singh Redhu
- Division of GI/Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge Ruiz de Somocurcio
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adnan Majid
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul A VanderLaan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sidhu P Gangadharan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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10
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Hur J, Rhee CK, Lee SY, Kim YK, Kang JY. MicroRNA-21 inhibition attenuates airway inflammation and remodelling by modulating the transforming growth factor β-Smad7 pathway. Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:706-720. [PMID: 33601867 PMCID: PMC8137415 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Current asthma therapies remain unsatisfactory for controlling airway remodelling in asthma. MicroRNA-21 is a key player in asthma pathogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects on airway remodelling are not completely understood. We investigated the effects of inhibition of microRNA-21 on allergic airway inflammation and remodelling. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: control, ovalbumin-sensitized and -challenged for 3 months, microRNA-negative control-treated ovalbumin-treated, and microRNA-21 inhibitor-treated ovalbumin-treated groups. Parameters related to airway remodelling, cytokine production, airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness were compared between groups. Human bronchial smooth muscle cells were used in a mechanism study. RESULTS In this asthma model, ovalbumin-sensitized and -challenged mice exhibited allergic airway inf lammation and airway remodelling. MicroRNA-21 inhibitor-treated mice had fewer inflammatory cells, lower TH2 cytokine production, and suppressed parameters related to remodelling such as goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition, hydroxyproline content, and expression of smooth muscle actin. Inhibition of microRNA-21 decreased transforming growth factor β1 expression and induced Smad7 expression in lung tissue. In human bronchial smooth muscle cells stimulated with transforming growth factor β1, microRNA-21 inhibition upregulated Smad7 expression and decreased markers of airway remodelling. CONCLUSION Inhibition of microRNA-21 had both anti-inflammatory and anti-remodelling effects in this model of ovalbumin-induced chronic asthma. Our data suggest that the microRNA-21-transforming growth factor β1-Smad7 axis modulates the pathogenesis of ovalbumin-induced chronic asthma and in human bronchial smooth muscle cells. MicroRNA-21 inhibitors may be a novel therapeutic target in patients with allergic asthma, especially those with airway remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hur
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyoon Kim
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kang
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Woo J, Koziol-White C, Panettieri R, Jude J. TGF-β: The missing link in obesity-associated airway diseases? CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100016. [PMID: 34909651 PMCID: PMC8663968 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is emerging as a global public health epidemic. The co-morbidities associated with obesity significantly contribute to reduced quality of life, mortality, and global healthcare burden. Compared to other asthma comorbidities, obesity prominently engenders susceptibility to inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), contributes to greater disease severity and evokes insensitivity to current therapies. Unlike in other metabolic diseases associated with obesity, the mechanistic link between obesity and airway diseases is only poorly defined. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine belonging to a family of growth factors with pivotal roles in asthma. In this review, we summarize the role of TGF-β in major obesity-associated co-morbidities to shed light on mechanisms of the diseases. Literature evidence shows that TGF-β mechanistically links many co-morbidities with obesity through its profibrotic, remodeling, and proinflammatory functions. We posit that TGF-β plays a similar mechanistic role in obesity-associated inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and COPD. Concerning the role of TGF-β on metabolic effects of obesity, we posit that TGF-β has a similar mechanistic role in obesity-associated inflammatory airway diseases in interplay with different comorbidities such as hypertension, metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes, and cardiomyopathies. Future studies in TGF-β-dependent mechanisms in obesity-associated inflammatory airway diseases will advance our understanding of obesity-induced asthma and help find novel therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Woo
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States
| | - Cynthia Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States
| | - Reynold Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States
| | - Joseph Jude
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Corresponding author. Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, Rm# 4276, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ08901, United States.
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12
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Chen X, Jiang Y, Li W, Li X, Lin Y, Liu X, Jiang Z, Xiao Z. Six-ingredient-Xiao-qing-long decoction inhibited TGF- β1-induced proliferation and migration of human airway smooth muscle cells by regulating FKBP51/AKT signaling. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1875055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Plesa M, Gaudet M, Mogas A, Olivenstein R, Al Heialy S, Hamid Q. Action of 1,25(OH) 2D 3 on Human Asthmatic Bronchial Fibroblasts: Implications for Airway Remodeling in Asthma. J Asthma Allergy 2020; 13:249-264. [PMID: 32982316 PMCID: PMC7492716 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s261271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway fibroblasts are major contributors to the histopathological feature of airway remodeling in asthma by their implication in the cell invasiveness and profibrogenic secretory phenotype observed in subepithelial fibrosis. 1,25 Dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is an important therapeutic agent that blocks many features of airway remodeling induced by profibrogenic mediators, such as transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) or T helper type 1 inflammatory cytokines. Objective We hypothesized that 1,25(OH)2D3 opposes the TGF-β1 or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) stimulation on airway fibroblast profibrogenic secretory phenotype observed in severe asthmatic patients. Our aim was to investigate the anti-fibrogenic effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 in TGF-β1 or TNF-α-IL-1β-stimulated human bronchial fibroblast cells (HBFCs) from severe asthmatic compared with non-asthmatic subjects. Patients and Methods All experiments were performed on primary HBFCs from asthmatic (DHBFCs, n=4) and non-asthmatic subjects (NHBFCs, n=4). mRNA expression and protein quantification of key fibrogenic markers were analyzed by RT-qPCR and ELISA, comparing HBFCs from asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA expression and its functionality in HBFCs were assessed by RT-qPCR. HBFCs proliferation was assessed by flow cytometry using BrdU-FITC/7AAD bivariate staining, while HBFCs apoptosis by Annexin V-FITC/7AAD. Results VDR is constitutively expressed in HBFCs and the addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly increased mRNA expression of CYP24A1 (a direct VDRs’ target gene) in both HBFCs groups. DHBFCs cultured in the presence of TGF-β1 or TNF-α-IL-1β showed increased mRNA expression and protein secretion of fibrogenic markers when compared to NHBFCs. Additionally, we observed decreased mRNA expression of FN 1, LUM, BGN, MMP2, COL5A1, TIMP1 and CC-chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL11) in response to 1,25(OH)2D3 addition to the TGF-β1 or TNF-α-IL-1β-stimulated HBFCs. Cell culture media obtained from TGF-β1 or TNF-α-IL-1β-stimulated DHBFCs showed decreased protein secretion (fibronectin 1, lumican, MCP1, RANTES and eotaxin-1) in response to 1,25(OH)2D3 when compared to NHBFCs. 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited proliferation in TGF-β1-stimulated HBFCs through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and these effects were not correlated with the induction of apoptosis. Conclusion DHBFCs under TGF-β1 or TNF-α-IL-1β stimulation showed higher fibrogenic capacity when compared to NHBFCs. 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly blocked these effects and highlight 1,25(OH)2D3 as a possible therapeutic target for severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Plesa
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mellissa Gaudet
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Mogas
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ronald Olivenstein
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Loh Z, Simpson J, Ullah A, Zhang V, Gan WJ, Lynch JP, Werder RB, Sikder AA, Lane K, Sim CB, Porrello E, Mazzone SB, Sly PD, Steptoe RJ, Spann KM, Sukkar MB, Upham JW, Phipps S. HMGB1 amplifies ILC2-induced type-2 inflammation and airway smooth muscle remodelling. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008651. [PMID: 32658914 PMCID: PMC7377495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 immunity elicits tissue repair and homeostasis, however dysregulated type-2 responses cause aberrant tissue remodelling, as observed in asthma. Severe respiratory viral infections in infancy predispose to later asthma, however, the processes that mediate tissue damage-induced type-2 inflammation and the origins of airway remodelling remain ill-defined. Here, using a preclinical mouse model of viral bronchiolitis, we find that increased epithelial and mesenchymal high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression is associated with increased numbers of IL-13-producing type-2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2s) and the expansion of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer. Anti-HMGB1 ablated lung ILC2 numbers and ASM growth in vivo, and inhibited ILC2-mediated ASM cell proliferation in a co-culture model. Furthermore, we identified that HMGB1/RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) signalling mediates an ILC2-intrinsic IL-13 auto-amplification loop. In summary, therapeutic targeting of the HMGB1/RAGE signalling axis may act as a novel asthma preventative by dampening ILC2-mediated type-2 inflammation and associated ASM remodelling. Asthma can start at any time in life, although most often begins in early childhood. Wheezy viral bronchiolitis is a major independent risk factor for subsequent asthma. However, key knowledge gaps exist in relation to the sequelae of severe viral bronchiolitis and the pathogenic processes that promote type-2 inflammation and airway wall remodelling, cardinal features of asthma. Our study addresses this gap by identifying high-mobility group box 1 as a pathogenic cytokine that contributes to group 2 innate lymphoid cell-induced airway smooth muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Loh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer Simpson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashik Ullah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vivian Zhang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wan J. Gan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason P. Lynch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rhiannon B. Werder
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Al Amin Sikder
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katie Lane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Choon Boon Sim
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Enzo Porrello
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart B. Mazzone
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter D. Sly
- Children’s Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raymond J. Steptoe
- UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kirsten M. Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria B. Sukkar
- Graduate School of Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - John W. Upham
- UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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15
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Hvidtfeldt M, Sverrild A, Backer V, Porsbjerg C. Airway hyperresponsiveness to mannitol improves in both type 2 high and type 2 low asthma after specialist management. J Asthma 2020; 58:1221-1228. [PMID: 32519918 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1780255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 low (T2-low) asthma is reported to respond less to anti-inflammatory treatment compared with Type 2 high (T2-high) asthma. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to mannitol, a marker of airway mast cell activation, may be indicative of response to treatment in patients with T2-low disease. We investigated whether AHR to mannitol improves in patients with T2-low asthma after specialist management. METHODS Patients with asthma or suspected asthma, referred to our specialist outpatient clinic, were enrolled consecutively and assessed with FeNO, asthma control, blood eosinophils, mannitol and methacholine tests and induced sputum. T2-low asthma was defined in patients with FeNO < 25ppb and sputum eosinophils < 3% and blood eosinophils < 300µl-1 at inclusion. Patients with asthma and AHR to mannitol (PD15 ≤ 635 mg) were followed and reassessed after 12 months of specialist management. RESULTS Thirty-two patients (Females: 56%, age: 22 years (15-59)) were followed. Fourteen (44%) with T2-high and 18 (56%) with T2-low asthma. Baseline AHR to mannitol was comparable: Gmean PD15: 150 mg (95% CI 61-368) and 214 mg (95% CI 106-432) for T2-high and T2-low asthma respectively (P = 0.51). Both groups improved equally: Gmean PD15: 488 mg (95% CI 311-767) and 507 mg (95% CI 345-746); corresponding to a doubling-dose of: 3.00 (95% CI 1.58-5.74, P = 0.003) and 2.28 (95% CI 1.47-3.53, P = 0.001) respectively. There were no concomitant improvements in AHR to methacholine. CONCLUSION Patients with asthma and AHR to mannitol improve similarly in responsiveness to mannitol after 12 months of specialist management regardless of Type 2 inflammatory biomarker levels. Mechanisms driving AHR in T2-low asthma need to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asger Sverrild
- Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Backer
- Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Pelaia C, Vatrella A, Crimi C, Gallelli L, Terracciano R, Pelaia G. Clinical relevance of understanding mitogen-activated protein kinases involved in asthma. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:501-510. [PMID: 32098546 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1735365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a large family of evolutionary conserved intracellular enzymes that play a pivotal role in signaling pathways mediating the biologic actions of a wide array of extracellular stimuli.Areas covered: MAPKs are implicated in most pathogenic events involved in asthma, including both inflammatory and structural changes occurring in the airways. Indeed, MAPKs are located at the level of crucial convergence points within the signal transduction networks activated by many cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other inducers of bronchial inflammation and remodeling such as immunoglobulin E (IgE) and oxidative stress.Expert opinion: Therefore, given the growing importance of MAPKs in asthma pathobiology, these signaling enzymes are emerging as key intracellular pathways whose upstream activation can be inhibited by biological drugs such as anti-cytokines and anti-IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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17
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Qu D, Ling Z, Tan X, Chen Y, Huang Q, Li M, Liu T, Hou C, Chen Y. High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) interacts with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) to promote airway smooth muscle cell proliferation through ERK and NF- κB pathways. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:3268-3278. [PMID: 31934170 PMCID: PMC6949814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-mobility graoup box protein 1 (HMGB1) has been shown to mediate a wide range of pathologic responses by interacting with RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) and TLRs (Toll-like receptors). Our previous study showed that HMGB1 has been involved in pathogenesis of airway remodeling in an allergen-induced chronic mice asthma model. Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is a vital feature of airway remodeling. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of HMGB1 on proliferation of ASMs and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Rat airway smooth muscle cells (RASMs) were obtained by primary explant techniques. We investigated the effect of HMGB1 on the proliferation of RASMs. To identify which receptors and signaling pathways be involved in proliferation of RASMs, we performed western blot and CCK-8 assay by specific receptor blockade and inhibition of MAPK (p38, JNK and ERK) and NF-κB signaling pathways. RESULTS HMGB1 stimulated RASMs proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner and also increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and RAGE expression of RASMs. The inhibitor of RAGE, but not TLR2 and TLR4, reversed HMGB1-induced RASM proliferation and PCNA expression. Incubation of RASMs with HMGB1 caused a rapid increase in P65 and ERK phosphorylation. RASM proliferation and PCNA expression toward HMGB1 were significantly inhibited by the inhibitors of ERK and NF-κB. CONCLUSION HMGB1 induces proliferation of RASMs through a RAGE-dependent activation of ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, China
| | - Zhougui Ling
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityLiuzhou 545005, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, China
| | - Mengze Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, China
| | - Tangjuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, China
| | - Changchun Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, China
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, China
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18
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Saqi M, Lysenko A, Guo YK, Tsunoda T, Auffray C. Navigating the disease landscape: knowledge representations for contextualizing molecular signatures. Brief Bioinform 2019; 20:609-623. [PMID: 29684165 PMCID: PMC6556902 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bby025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Large amounts of data emerging from experiments in molecular medicine are leading to the identification of molecular signatures associated with disease subtypes. The contextualization of these patterns is important for obtaining mechanistic insight into the aberrant processes associated with a disease, and this typically involves the integration of multiple heterogeneous types of data. In this review, we discuss knowledge representations that can be useful to explore the biological context of molecular signatures, in particular three main approaches, namely, pathway mapping approaches, molecular network centric approaches and approaches that represent biological statements as knowledge graphs. We discuss the utility of each of these paradigms, illustrate how they can be leveraged with selected practical examples and identify ongoing challenges for this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Saqi
- Mansoor Saqi Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Artem Lysenko
- Artem Lysenko Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yi-Ke Guo
- Yi-Ke Guo Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Tatsuhiko Tsunoda Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan CREST, JST, Tokyo, Japan Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Charles Auffray
- Charles Auffray European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Lyon, France
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19
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Induction of airway remodeling and persistent cough by repeated citric acid exposure in a guinea pig cough model. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 263:1-8. [PMID: 30738972 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous study involving guinea pigs showed that repeated cough could increase peripheral airway smooth muscle area, which can also aggravate cough. The airway pathologic changes produced by prolonged cough are still unknown. OBJECTIVE To study the airway pathologic changes in prolonged cough models of guinea pigs. METHODS Guinea pigs were assigned to three treatment groups: citric acid inhalation (CA) alone, citric acid inhalation with codeine pretreatment (COD), or saline solution inhalation (SA). Animals were challenged with citric acid or saline solution three times weekly. The intervention period was 22 or 43 days. Animals were challenged with citric acid on the first and last days of exposure. Lung specimens were obtained for pathologic analysis 72 h after the last exposure. RESULTS Compared with the other two groups, the CA group had increased frequency of cough on both 22 and 43 days of exposure. Tracheal basement membrane (BM) thickness was increased after 43 days of exposure, correlating with the frequency of cough. The area of airway smooth muscles (ASM index) in small airways increased in the CA group after both 22 and 43 days of exposure, compared with the SA group. Compared with the COD group, the ASM index in small airways increased in the CA group after 22 days of exposure instead of 43 days of exposure. CONCLUSIONS An increase in peripheral smooth muscle area by repeated cough was confirmed. Moreover, this is the first study to show that tracheal BM thickness increased after prolonged exposure (43 days). Repeated cough may lead to airway remodeling, which was also associated with an increased frequency of cough.
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20
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Michalik M, Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Paw M, Wnuk D, Koczurkiewicz P, Sanak M, Pękala E, Madeja Z. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in bronchial asthma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3943-3961. [PMID: 30101406 PMCID: PMC6182337 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which bronchial wall remodelling plays a significant role. This phenomenon is related to enhanced proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells, elevated extracellular matrix protein secretion and an increased number of myofibroblasts. Phenotypic fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition represents one of the primary mechanisms by which myofibroblasts arise in fibrotic lung tissue. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition requires a combination of several types of factors, the most important of which are divided into humoural and mechanical factors, as well as certain extracellular matrix proteins. Despite intensive research on the nature of this process, its underlying mechanisms during bronchial airway wall remodelling in asthma are not yet fully clarified. This review focuses on what is known about the nature of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in asthma. We aim to consider possible mechanisms and conditions that may play an important role in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition but have not yet been discussed in this context. Recent studies have shown that some inherent and previously undescribed features of fibroblasts can also play a significant role in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. Differences observed between asthmatic and non-asthmatic bronchial fibroblasts (e.g., response to transforming growth factor β, cell shape, elasticity, and protein expression profile) may have a crucial influence on this phenomenon. An accurate understanding and recognition of all factors affecting fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition might provide an opportunity to discover efficient methods of counteracting this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Michalik
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Milena Paw
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Sanak
- Division of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8, 31-066, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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21
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Yan F, Gao H, Zhao H, Bhatia M, Zeng Y. Roles of airway smooth muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Transl Med 2018; 16:262. [PMID: 30257694 PMCID: PMC6158847 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway smooth muscle (ASM) plays an indispensable role in airway structure and function. Dysfunction in ASM plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and contributes to alterations of contractility, inflammatory response, immunoreaction, phenotype, quantity, and size of airways. ASM makes a key contribution in COPD by various mechanisms including altered contractility and relaxation induce by [Ca2+]i, cell proliferation and hypertrophy, production and modulation of extracellular cytokines, and release of pro-and-anti-inflammatory mediators. Multiple dysfunctions of ASM contribute to modulating airway responses to stimuli, remodeling, and fibrosis, as well as influence the compliance of lungs. The present review highlights regulatory roles of multiple factors in the development of ASM dysfunction in COPD, aims to understand the regulatory mechanism by which ASM dysfunctions are initiated, and explores the clinical significance of ASM on alterations of airway structure and function in COPD and development of novel therapeutic strategies for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Yan
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hongzhi Gao
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
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Nayak AP, Deshpande DA, Penn RB. New targets for resolution of airway remodeling in obstructive lung diseases. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 29904584 PMCID: PMC5981194 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14581.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling (AR) is a progressive pathological feature of the obstructive lung diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The pathology manifests itself in the form of significant, progressive, and (to date) seemingly irreversible changes to distinct respiratory structural compartments. Consequently, AR correlates with disease severity and the gradual decline in pulmonary function associated with asthma and COPD. Although current asthma/COPD drugs manage airway contraction and inflammation, none of these effectively prevent or reverse features of AR. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the features and putative mechanisms affecting AR. We further discuss recently proposed strategies with promise for deterring or treating AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P Nayak
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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23
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Therapeutic Effects of Kangzhi Syrup in a Guinea Pig Model of Ovalbumin-Induced Cough Variant Asthma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5867835. [PMID: 29951106 PMCID: PMC5989290 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5867835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the possible effects and underlying mechanisms of Kangzhi syrup on ovalbumin- (OVA-) induced cough variant asthma (CVA) in guinea pigs. Methods All 48 guinea pigs were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: normal, OVA model with or without Kangzhi syrup (OVA and OVA + KZ), and OVA with Dexamethasone (OVA + DM). After sensitizing the guinea pigs, a cough challenge was performed by the inhalation of capsaicin. The antitussive effect, inflammatory cells, cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue, and morphological changes were examined. Results Compared with model group, Kangzhi syrup effectively exerted an antitussive effect (p < 0.0001) and reduced the pneumonic anaphylacticitis by inhibiting the infiltration of total inflammatory cells (p < 0.0001) and reducing the percentage of eosinophil in BALF (p < 0.0001). Moreover, evidence from morphological studies also demonstrated that Kangzhi syrup inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and ameliorated the structure changes. NF-κB and TGF-β1 expression were attenuated in the OVA + KZ group versus the OVA group (p < 0.0001). Additionally, a semiquantitative analysis of TGF-β1 expression also demonstrated that the Kangzhi syrup attenuated this profibrogenic growth factor (p < 0.001). Conclusions The results demonstrated that Kangzhi syrup exerted a considerable antitussive effect in CVA animal model, which depended on its marked impact on the anti-anaphylactic inflammation. Additionally, it could ameliorate the airway remodeling by inhibiting NF-κB and TGF-β1 signal pathway.
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Perry MM, Tildy B, Papi A, Casolari P, Caramori G, Rempel KL, Halayko AJ, Adcock I, Chung KF. The anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory response of COPD airway smooth muscle cells to hydrogen sulfide. Respir Res 2018; 19:85. [PMID: 29743070 PMCID: PMC5944010 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Backbround COPD is a common, highly debilitating disease of the airways, primarily caused by smoking. Chronic inflammation and structural remodelling are key pathological features of this disease caused, in part, by the aberrant function of airway smooth muscle (ASM). We have previously demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can inhibit ASM cell proliferation and CXCL8 release, from cells isolated from non-smokers. Methods We examined the effect of H2S upon ASM cells from COPD patients. ASM cells were isolated from non-smokers, smokers and patients with COPD (n = 9). Proliferation and cytokine release (IL-6 and CXCL8) of ASM was induced by FCS, and measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and ELISA, respectively. Results Exposure of ASM to H2S donors inhibited FCS-induced proliferation and cytokine release, but was less effective upon COPD ASM cells compared to the non-smokers and smokers. The mRNA and protein expression of the enzymes responsible for endogenous H2S production (cystathionine-β-synthase [CBS] and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphur transferase [MPST]) were inhibited by H2S donors. Finally, we report that exogenous H2S inhibited FCS-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK–1/2 and p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in the non-smoker and smoker ASM cells, with little effect in COPD cells. Conclusions H2S production provides a novel mechanism for the repression of ASM proliferation and cytokine release. The ability of COPD ASM cells to respond to H2S is attenuated in COPD ASM cells despite the presence of the enzymes responsible for H2S production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0788-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Perry
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Bernadett Tildy
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London & Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Alberto Papi
- Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-Correlate (CEMICEF, formerly termed Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Casolari
- Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-Correlate (CEMICEF, formerly termed Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Karen Limbert Rempel
- Departments of Internal Medicine & Physiology, Respiratory Hospital, Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Departments of Internal Medicine & Physiology, Respiratory Hospital, Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Ian Adcock
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London & Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London & Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, SW3 6LY, UK
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Barnes PJ. Kinases as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 68:788-815. [PMID: 27363440 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.012518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple kinases play a critical role in orchestrating the chronic inflammation and structural changes in the respiratory tract of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Kinases activate signaling pathways that lead to contraction of airway smooth muscle and release of inflammatory mediators (such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors) as well as cell migration, activation, and proliferation. For this reason there has been great interest in the development of kinase inhibitors as anti-inflammatory therapies, particular where corticosteroids are less effective, as in severe asthma and COPD. However, it has proven difficult to develop selective kinase inhibitors that are both effective and safe after oral administration and this has led to a search for inhaled kinase inhibitors, which would reduce systemic exposure. Although many kinases have been implicated in inflammation and remodeling of airway disease, very few classes of drug have reached the stage of clinical studies in these diseases. The most promising drugs are p38 MAP kinases, isoenzyme-selective PI3-kinases, Janus-activated kinases, and Syk-kinases, and inhaled formulations of these drugs are now in development. There has also been interest in developing inhibitors that block more than one kinase, because these drugs may be more effective and with less risk of losing efficacy with time. No kinase inhibitors are yet on the market for the treatment of airway diseases, but as kinase inhibitors are improved from other therapeutic areas there is hope that these drugs may eventually prove useful in treating refractory asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Airway remodeling in asthma: what really matters. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 367:551-569. [PMID: 28190087 PMCID: PMC5320023 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is generally quite broadly defined as any change in composition, distribution, thickness, mass or volume and/or number of structural components observed in the airway wall of patients relative to healthy individuals. However, two types of airway remodeling should be distinguished more clearly: (1) physiological airway remodeling, which encompasses structural changes that occur regularly during normal lung development and growth leading to a normal mature airway wall or as an acute and transient response to injury and/or inflammation, which ultimately results in restoration of a normal airway structures; and (2) pathological airway remodeling, which comprises those structural alterations that occur as a result of either disturbed lung development or as a response to chronic injury and/or inflammation leading to persistently altered airway wall structures and function. This review will address a few major aspects: (1) what are reliable quantitative approaches to assess airway remodeling? (2) Are there any indications supporting the notion that airway remodeling can occur as a primary event, i.e., before any inflammatory process was initiated? (3) What is known about airway remodeling being a secondary event to inflammation? And (4), what can we learn from the different animal models ranging from invertebrate to primate models in the study of airway remodeling? Future studies are required addressing particularly pheno-/endotype-specific aspects of airway remodeling using both endotype-specific animal models and “endotyped” human asthmatics. Hopefully, novel in vivo imaging techniques will be further advanced to allow monitoring development, growth and inflammation of the airways already at a very early stage in life.
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Shi J, Chen M, Ouyang L, Huang L, Lin X, Zhang W, Liang R, Lv Z, Liu S, Jiang S. Airway smooth muscle cells from ovalbumin-sensitized mice show increased proliferative response to TGFβ1 due to upregulation of Smad3 and TGFβRII. J Asthma 2016; 54:467-475. [PMID: 27905842 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1225760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the role of Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling in the proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). BACKGROUND TGF-β1 is an important cytokine in airway remodeling in asthma. However, results of studies focusing on the effect of TGFβ1 on proliferation of ASMCs are controversial. METHODS An allergic model that mimics airway remodeling in chronic asthma was established and primary ASMCs were cultured. Cell proliferation was detected by viable cell counting and Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 analysis. Expression and phosphorylation of Smad3, type 1 TGFβ receptor (TGFβRI), type 2 TGFβ receptor (TGFβRII), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and AKT were detected by western blot. siRNAs were used to knock down Smad3 and TGFβRII. RESULTS Smad3 and TGFβRII were up-regulated in primary ASMCs isolated from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice as compared with ASMCs isolated from unsensitized control mice, which persisted for at least four passages. TGFβ1 stimulated proliferation of ASMCs isolated from OVA-sensitized mice, which was inhibited by specific siRNA targeting Smad3 or TGFβRII. However ASMCs from control mice showed no proliferative response to TGFβ1. TGFβ1-induced proliferation of ASMCs from OVA-sensitized mice was markedly attenuated by PD-98059, a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor. TGFβ1 induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation within 15 minute, which was partially blocked by specific inhibitor of Smad3 (SIS3). CONCLUSIONS ASMCs isolated from OVA-sensitized mice showed hyper-proliferation upon TGFβ1 stimulation. This might have been associated with up-regulated Smad3 and TGFβRII and mediated by ERK1/2 downstream to Smad3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Shi
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ming Chen
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lihua Ouyang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Linjie Huang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ruiyun Liang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhiqiang Lv
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shanying Liu
- b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shanping Jiang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Huang P, Li Y, Lv Z, Wang J, Zhang Q, Yao X, Corrigan CJ, Huang K, Wang W, Ying S. Comprehensive attenuation of IL-25-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodelling by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Respirology 2016; 22:78-85. [PMID: 27556731 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Existing in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that both IL-25 and phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) exhibit broad effects on the functions of immune cells implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Whether the blockade of PI3K signalling directly inhibits the asthma relevant pathogenetic changes induced by IL-25 in an in vivo condition is still unclear. Using an established IL-25-induced murine model of asthma, we undertook a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of co-administered LY294002, a pharmacological pan-inhibitor of PI3K on IL-25-induced changes on this model, with particular regard to airway remodelling. METHODS BALB/c mice were serially intranasally challenged with IL-25 according to an established protocol to induce airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and remodelling. In an additional subgroup LY294002 was administered intranasally. Lung function and airway cytokine and chemokine concentrations and cellular infiltration and remodelling changes assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry were measured at specific time points. RESULTS Intranasal administration of LY294002 significantly inhibited IL-25-induced AHR and recruitment of inflammatory cells into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. LY294002 also attenuated IL-25-induced increased concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in lung tissue. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed that LY294002 also significantly inhibited IL-25-induced lung tissue eosinophilia, mucus production, collagen deposition, smooth muscle hypertrophy and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION The PI3K pan-inhibitor LY294002 attenuated not only IL-25-induced asthma-like AHR and airway inflammation but also remodelling in this model, suggesting that PI3K is a major downstream messenger for IL-25 and that targeting this pathway might reduce asthma symptoms in the short term and airway remodelling in the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University & Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujuan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chris J Corrigan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King's College London, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Kewu Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University & Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sun Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King's College London, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
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Yue XJ, Guo Y, Yang HJ, Feng ZW, Li T, Xu YM. Transforming growth factor-β1 induces fibrosis in rat meningeal mesothelial cells via the p38 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1709-13. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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30
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Chung KF. Asthma phenotyping: a necessity for improved therapeutic precision and new targeted therapies. J Intern Med 2016; 279:192-204. [PMID: 26076339 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common heterogeneous disease with a complex pathophysiology that carries a significant mortality rate and high morbidity. Current therapies based on inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists remain effective in a large proportion of patients with asthma, but ~10% (considered to have 'severe asthma') do not respond to these treatments even at high doses or with the use of oral corticosteroids. Analytical clustering methods have revealed phenotypes that include dependence on high-dose corticosteroid treatment, severe airflow obstruction and recurrent exacerbations associated with an allergic background and late onset of disease. One severe phenotype is eosinophilic inflammation-predominant asthma, with late-onset disease, rhinosinusitis, aspirin sensitivity and exacerbations. Blood and sputum eosinophilia have been used to distinguish patients with high Th2 inflammation and to predict therapeutic response to treatments targeted towards Th2-associated cytokines. New therapies in the form of humanized antibodies against Th2 targets, such as anti-IgE, anti-IL4Rα, anti-IL-5 and anti-IL-13 antibodies, have shown encouraging results in terms of reduction in exacerbations and improvement in airflow in patients with a 'Th2-high' expression profile and blood eosinophilia. Research efforts are now focusing on elucidating the phenotypes underlying the non-Th2-high (or Th2-low) group, which constitutes ~50% of severe asthma cases. There is an increasing need to use biomarkers to indicate the group of patients who will respond to a specifically targeted treatment. The use of improved tools to measure activity of disease, a better definition of severe asthma and the delineation of inflammatory pathways with omics analyses using computational tools, will lead to better-defined phenotypes for specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK
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31
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Grzela K, Litwiniuk M, Zagorska W, Grzela T. Airway Remodeling in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma: the Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:47-55. [PMID: 26123447 PMCID: PMC4713715 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are both associated with airflow restriction and progressive remodeling, which affect the respiratory tract. Among various biological factors involved in the pathomechanisms of both diseases, proteolytic enzymes--matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)--play an important role, especially MMP-9. In this review, the authors discuss the current topics of research concerning the possible role of MMP-9 in both mentioned diseases. They include the analysis of protein levels, nucleotide polymorphisms of MMP-9 gene and their possible correlation with asthma and COPD. Finally, the authors refer to the studies on MMP-9 inhibition as a new perspective for increasing the effectiveness of treatment in asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grzela
- Department of Paediatrics, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Litwiniuk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
- Potgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wioletta Zagorska
- Department of Paediatrics, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grzela
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland.
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Association of transforming growth factor-Beta 1 promoter variant -509 c/t with bronchial asthma in South Indian population. Inflammation 2015; 38:409-14. [PMID: 25359706 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a pivotal role in airway remodeling observed in the asthmatic airways. C to T base substitution at -509 promoter position in the TGF-β1 gene leads to its increased expression which contributes to airway remodeling in bronchial asthma. We sought to evaluate the association of TGF-β1 -509 C/T promoter variant with clinical asthma and varying degrees of disease severity. Three hundred and eighty-two clinically diagnosed asthma patients and 410 healthy controls were enrolled for the study. Patients were classified into severity classes according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. TGF-β1 -509 C/T genotyping was carried out by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique. In the present study, we found significantly higher frequency of TT genotype in asthma patients compared to controls (for TT vs. CC, p = 0.020). In addition, a significant difference was observed in the frequency of C and T allele in patients and controls (for T vs. C, p = 0.029). The heterozygous "CT" genotype was higher in moderate and severe asthmatics compared to mild subset of patients (for mild vs. moderate, p = 0.037). However, there was no significant distribution and association of variant allele with the severity subsets.
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33
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Ge Q, Zeng Q, Tjin G, Lau E, Black JL, Oliver BGG, Burgess JK. Differential deposition of fibronectin by asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1093-102. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00019.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered ECM protein deposition is a feature in asthmatic airways. Fibronectin (Fn), an ECM protein produced by human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), is increased in asthmatic airways. This study investigated the regulation of Fn production in asthmatic or nonasthmatic HBECs and whether Fn modulated HBEC proliferation and inflammatory mediator secretion. The signaling pathways underlying transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-regulated Fn production were examined using specific inhibitors for ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, and activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5). Asthmatic HBECs deposited higher levels of Fn in the ECM than nonasthmatic cells under basal conditions, whereas cells from the two groups had similar levels of Fn mRNA and soluble Fn. TGF-β1 increased mRNA levels and ECM and soluble forms of Fn but decreased cell proliferation in both cells. The rate of increase in Fn mRNA was higher in nonasthmatic cells. However, the excessive amounts of ECM Fn deposited by asthmatic cells after TGF-β1 stimulation persisted compared with nonasthmatic cells. Inhibition of ALK5 completely prevented TGF-β1-induced Fn deposition. Importantly, ECM Fn increased HBEC proliferation and IL-6 release, decreased PGE2 secretion, but had no effect on VEGF release. Soluble Fn had no effect on cell proliferation and inflammatory mediator release. Asthmatic HBECs are intrinsically primed to produce more ECM Fn, which when deposited into the ECM, is capable of driving remodeling and inflammation. The increased airway Fn may be one of the key driving factors in the persistence of asthma and represents a novel, therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ge
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Qingxiang Zeng
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gavin Tjin
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edmund Lau
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Judith L. Black
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Brian G. G. Oliver
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Janette K. Burgess
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
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Mehta AC, Zaki KS, Banga A, Singh J, Gildea TR, Arrossi V. Tracheobronchial smooth muscle atrophy and separation. Respiration 2015; 90:256-62. [PMID: 26138002 DOI: 10.1159/000431381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case series involving 4 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were on an appropriate medical regimen including a high dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). During bronchoscopy, patients were found to have an excessive dynamic collapse of the posterior wall and its separation from the ends of the adjacent cartilaginous rings. This was causing a near-total occlusion of the tracheal and bronchial lumen during exhalation, thereby presenting with an obstructive pattern on the pulmonary functions. We suspect that this was caused by the atrophy of the smooth muscles of the tracheobronchial wall. We reviewed the literature to explore the mechanisms causing atrophy of the bronchial smooth muscle, focusing on the potential role of long-term ICS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul C Mehta
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Gao W, Cai L, Xu X, Fan J, Xue X, Yan X, Qu Q, Wang X, Zhang C, Wu G. Anti-CTGF single-chain variable fragment dimers inhibit human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell proliferation by down-regulating p-Akt and p-mTOR levels. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113980. [PMID: 25478966 PMCID: PMC4257608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) contributes to airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell hyperplasia in asthma. Humanized single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv) was well characterized as a CTGF antagonist in the differentiation of fibroblast into myofibroblast and pulmonary fibrosis in our previous studies. To further improve the bioactivity of scFv, we constructed a plasmid to express scFv-linker-matrilin-6×His fusion proteins that could self-assemble into the scFv dimers by disulfide bonds in matrilin under non-reducing conditions. An immunoreactivity assay demonstrated that the scFv dimer could highly bind to CTGF in a concentration-dependent manner. The MTT and EdU assay results revealed that CTGF (≥10 ng/mL) promoted the proliferation of ASM cells, and this effect was inhibited when the cells were treated with anti-CTGF scFv dimer. The western blot analysis results showed that increased phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR induced by CTGF could be suppressed by this scFv dimer. Based on these findings, anti-CTGF scFv dimer may be a potential agent for the prevention of airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liting Cai
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Department of Biological engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Juxiang Fan
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiulei Xue
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xuejiao Yan
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qinrong Qu
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xihua Wang
- Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Dai Y, Li F, Wu L, Wang R, Li P, Yan S, Xu H, Xia M, Bai C. Roxithromycin treatment inhibits TGF-β1-induced activation of ERK and AKT and down-regulation of caveolin-1 in rat airway smooth muscle cells. Respir Res 2014; 15:96. [PMID: 25109503 PMCID: PMC4256937 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roxithromycin (RXM) has been widely used in asthma treatment; however, the mechanism has not been fully understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of RXM treatment in mediating the effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) proliferation and caveolinn-1 expression. METHODS Firstly, the rat ovalbumin (OVA) model was built according to the previous papers. Rat ASMCs were prepared and cultured, and then TGF-β1 production in ASMCs was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the proliferation of ASMCs was determined using cell counting kit (CCK-8) assay. Additionally, the expressions of caveolin-1, phosphorylated-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT) in ASMCs treated with or without PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor), wortannin (a PI3K inhibitor), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and RXM were measured by Western blot. Finally, data were evaluated using t-test or one-way ANOVA, and then a P value < 0.05 was set as a threshold. RESULTS Compared with normal control, TGF-β1 secretion was significantly increased in asthmatic ASMCs; meanwhile, TGF-β1 promoted ASMCs proliferation (P < 0.05). However, ASMCs proliferation was remarkably inhibited by RXM, β-CD, PD98059 and wortmannin (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expressions of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT were increased and peaked at 20 min after TGF-β1 stimulation, and then suppressed by RXM. Further, caveolin-1 level was down-regulated by TGF-β1 and up-regulated by inhibitors and RXM. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that RXM treatment inhibits TGF-β1-induced activation of ERK and AKT and down-regulation of caveolin-1, which may be the potential mechanism of RXM protection from chronic inflammatory diseases, including bronchial asthma.
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Perry MM, Baker JE, Gibeon DS, Adcock IM, Chung KF. Airway smooth muscle hyperproliferation is regulated by microRNA-221 in severe asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:7-17. [PMID: 23944957 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0067oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is a feature of asthmatic airways, and could result from augmented proliferation. We determined whether proliferation and IL-6 release are abnormal in ASM cells (ASMCs) from patients with severe asthma, and whether these features could be mediated by microRNA-221 and microRNA-222, through modulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21(WAF1) and p27(kip1). ASMCs cultured from bronchial biopsies of healthy subjects and patients with nonsevere or severe asthma were studied. Proliferation was measured by the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine and IL-6 by ELISA. FCS and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β caused greater proliferation and IL-6 release in patients with severe compared with nonsevere asthma and normal subjects. FCS + TGF-β inhibited p21(WAF1) and p27(kip1) expression, and increased microRNA-221 (miR-221) expression in ASMCs from individuals with severe asthma. miR-221, and not miR-222, mimics the increased proliferation and IL-6 release induced by FCS + TGF in healthy ASM, whereas in patients with severe asthma, the inhibition of miR-221, but not miR-222, inhibited proliferation and IL-6 release. miR-221 inhibition led to the increased expression of FCS + TGF-β-induced p21(WAF1) and p27(kip1). Dexamethasone suppressed proliferation in healthy subjects, but not in subjects with asthma. IL-6 was less suppressible by dexamethasone in patients with nonsevere and severe asthma, compared with healthy subjects. miR-221 did not influence the effects of dexamethasone. ASM from patients with severe asthma shows greater proliferation and IL-6 release than in patients with nonsevere asthma, but both groups show corticosteroid insensitivity. miR-221 regulates p21(WAF1) and p27(kip1) expression levels. Furthermore, miR-221 regulates the hyperproliferation and IL-6 release of ASMCs from patients with severe asthma, but does not regulate corticosteroid insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Perry
- 1 Experimental Studies Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
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Takeda M, Tanabe M, Ito W, Ueki S, Konnno Y, Chihara M, Itoga M, Kobayashi Y, Moritoki Y, Kayaba H, Chihara J. Gender difference in allergic airway remodelling and immunoglobulin production in mouse model of asthma. Respirology 2014; 18:797-806. [PMID: 23490273 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies have shown that the prevalence of adult asthma and severe asthma is higher in women. It has also been reported that female mice are more susceptible than males to the development of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The influence of gender difference in the pathogenesis of severe asthma, especially airway remodelling in an animal model, has been studied rarely. We investigated gender difference in the development of airway remodelling using a long-term antigen-challenged mouse asthma model. METHODS Following ovalbumin (OVA)/alum intraperitoneal injection, male or female mice (BALB/c) were challenged with aerosolized 1% OVA on 3 days/week for 5 weeks, and differences in AHR, airway inflammation and airway remodelling between the sexes were investigated. RESULTS In OVA-sensitized and OVA-challenged (OVA/OVA) female mice, eosinophils, lymphocytes, T-helper type 2 cytokines and growth factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased compared with OVA/OVA male mice. Histological features of airway remodelling were also increased in OVA/OVA female mice. Serum total and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and serum IgA were significantly elevated in OVA/OVA female mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that female mice experience more airway remodelling compared with male mice. These results suggest the involvement of sex hormones and gender differences in cellular functions in airway remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Takeda
- Department of Infection, Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita
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Abstract
Airway remodeling comprises the structural changes of airway walls, induced by repeated injury and repair processes. It is characterized by the changes of tissue, cellular, and molecular composition, affecting airway smooth muscle, epithelium, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix. It occurs in patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis. Airway remodeling is arguably one of the most intractable problems in these diseases, leading to irreversible loss of lung function. Current therapeutics can ameliorate inflammation, but there is no available therapy proven to prevent or reverse airway remodeling, although reversibility of airway remodeling is suggested by studies in animal models of disease. Airway remodeling is often considered the result of longstanding airway inflammation, but it may be present to an equivalent degree in the airways of children with asthma, raising the necessity for early and specific therapeutic interventions. In this review, we consider the factors that may contribute to airway remodeling and discuss the current and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Hirota
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Oenema TA, Mensink G, Smedinga L, Halayko AJ, Zaagsma J, Meurs H, Gosens R, Dekkers BGJ. Cross-talk between transforming growth factor-β₁ and muscarinic M₂ receptors augments airway smooth muscle proliferation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:18-27. [PMID: 23449734 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0261oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β₁ (TGF-β₁) is a central mediator in tissue remodeling processes, including fibrosis and airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperplasia, as observed in asthma. The mechanisms underlying this response, however, remain unclear because TGF-β₁ exerts only weak mitogenic effects on ASM cells. In this study, we hypothesized that the mitogenic effect of TGF-β₁ on ASM is indirect and requires prolonged exposure to allow for extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. To address this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of acute and prolonged treatment with TGF-β₁, alone and in combination with the muscarinic receptor agonist methacholine, on human ASM cell proliferation. Acutely, TGF-β₁ exerted no mitogenic effect. However, prolonged treatment (for 7 d) with TGF-β₁ increased ASM cell proliferation and potentiated the platelet-derived growth factor-induced mitogenic response. Muscarinic receptor stimulation with methacholine synergistically enhanced the effect of TGF-β₁. Interestingly, the integrin-blocking peptide Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, as well as integrin α5β1 function-blocking antibodies, inhibited the effects of TGF-β₁ and its combination with methacholine on cell proliferation. Accordingly, prolonged treatment with TGF-β₁ increased fibronectin expression, which was also synergistically enhanced by methacholine. The synergistic effects of methacholine on TGF-β₁-induced proliferation were reduced by the long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist tiotropium and the M₂ receptor subtype-selective antagonist gallamine, but not the M₃-selective antagonist DAU5884. In line with these findings, the irreversible Gi protein inhibitor pertussis toxin also prevented the potentiation of TGF-β₁-induced proliferation by methacholine. We conclude that prolonged exposure to TGF-β₁ enhances ASM cell proliferation, which is mediated by extracellular matrix-integrin interactions, and which can be enhanced by muscarinic M₂ receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjitske A Oenema
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Hennenberg M, Stief CG, Gratzke C. Prostatic α1-adrenoceptors: New concepts of function, regulation, and intracellular signaling. Neurourol Urodyn 2013; 33:1074-85. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.22467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hennenberg
- Department of Urology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | | | - Christian Gratzke
- Department of Urology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
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Gerber AN. Glucocorticoids and airway smooth muscle: some answers, more questions. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187:1040-1. [PMID: 23675710 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201303-0530ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Gao YD, Zheng JW, Li P, Cheng M, Yang J. Store-operated Ca2+ entry is involved in transforming growth factor-β1 facilitated proliferation of rat airway smooth muscle cells. J Asthma 2013; 50:439-48. [PMID: 23452113 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2013.778275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) in mediating the promoting effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on the proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). METHODS Rat bronchial smooth muscle cells were cultured as we described previously. The intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) of ASMCs was measured by laser confocal microscope Ca(2+) fluorescence imaging with Fluo-3/AM. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and p27 expression assay were used to determine the proliferation rate of ASMCs. RESULTS We demonstrated that TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) increased basal (Ca(2+)]i) level, [Ca(2+)]i rise induced by thapsigargin-induced Ca(2+) release and SOCE in rat ASMCs. This effect of TGF-β1 on SOCE was not inhibited by glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DXM, 100 nM), antioxidant α-tocopherol (100 μM), and intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (IKCa) inhibitor charybdotoxin (100 nM), suggesting that reactive oxygen species and IKCa channels might not mediate the effect of TGF-β1. TGF-β1 slightly increased the expression of Orai1 and STIM1, two important molecules involved in the molecule component and regulation of SOC channels, in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The proliferation of ASMC stimulated with 2.5% FBS was promoted by TGF-β1, and partly inhibited by non-specific Ca(2+) channel blocker SKF-96365 (10 μM) and Ni(2+) (100 μM). DXM, α-tocopherol, and charybdotoxin had no effect on the proliferation promoted by TGF-β1. CONCLUSION TGF-β1 promotes ASMC proliferation partly through increasing the expression and activity of SOC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Shimizu K, Konno S, Ozaki M, Umezawa K, Yamashita K, Todo S, Nishimura M. Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), a novel NF-kappaB inhibitor, inhibits allergic inflammation and airway remodelling in murine models of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:1273-81. [PMID: 22805475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ) is a newly developed compound that inhibits nuclear factor κB activation and is reported to ameliorate animal models of various inflammatory diseases without significant adverse effects. Because nuclear factor κB is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of asthma, DHMEQ may be of therapeutic benefit in asthma. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of DHMEQ on airway inflammation and remodelling in murine models of asthma. METHODS The BALB/c mice were sensitized and then challenged acutely or chronically with ovalbumin and administered DHMEQ intraperitoneally before each challenge. Inflammation of airways, lung histopathology and airway hyper responsiveness to methacholine challenge were evaluated. In addition, the effect of DHMEQ on production of cytokines and eotaxin-1 by murine splenocytes, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bronchial epithelial cells was investigated. RESULTS Airway hyper responsiveness was ameliorated in both acutely and chronically challenged models by treatment with DHMEQ. DHMEQ significantly reduced eosinophilic airway inflammation and levels of Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the acute model. It also inhibited parameters of airway remodelling including mucus production, peribronchial fibrosis and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin. Moreover, the production of Th2 cytokines from murine splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the production of eotaxin-1 by bronchial epithelial cells were inhibited by DHMEQ. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results indicate that DHMEQ inhibits allergic airway inflammation and airway remodelling in murine models of asthma. DHMEQ may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shimizu
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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Chang Y, Al-Alwan L, Risse PA, Halayko AJ, Martin JG, Baglole CJ, Eidelman DH, Hamid Q. Th17-associated cytokines promote human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. FASEB J 2012; 26:5152-60. [PMID: 22898922 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-208033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is a hallmark of airway remodeling in severe asthma. Th17-associated cytokines, particularly IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22, have been postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. To investigate the in vitro effect of Th17 cytokines on the proliferation and survival of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), human ASMCs from asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects were incubated with IL-17A, IL-17F, or IL-22. The aforementioned cytokines demonstrated an ability to promote proliferation and survival of ASMCs from asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects, which were mediated by selective activation of their corresponding receptors on ASMCs, including IL-17RA, IL-17RC, or IL-22R1, respectively. IL-17A and IL-17F-induced proliferation of ASMCs was dependent on ERK1/2 MAPK pathway, while IL-22-induced proliferation involved both ERK1/2 MAPK and NF-κB pathways. The involvement of signaling pathways was further confirmed by the inhibition of proliferation by knockdown of ERK1/2 MAPK or NF-κB p65 expression with pathway-specific siRNA. Together, our results show that Th17-associated cytokines promote proliferation and reduce the apoptotic rate of human ASMCs, raising the possibility that Th17 cytokines may contribute to increasing airway smooth muscle mass and airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine McGill University, 3626 rue St. Urbain, Montreal, QC, Canada H2X 2P2
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Strittmatter F, Walther S, Gratzke C, Göttinger J, Beckmann C, Roosen A, Schlenker B, Hedlund P, Andersson KE, Stief CG, Hennenberg M. Inhibition of adrenergic human prostate smooth muscle contraction by the inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, SP600125 and BI-78D3. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1926-35. [PMID: 22364229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE α(1) -Adrenoceptor-induced contraction of prostate smooth muscle is mediated by calcium- and Rho kinase-dependent mechanisms. In addition, other mechanisms, such as activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) may be involved. Here, we investigated whether JNK participates in α(1)-adrenoceptor-induced contraction of human prostate smooth muscle. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Prostate tissue was obtained from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Effects of the JNK inhibitors SP600125 (50 µM) and BI-78D3 (30 µM) on contractions induced by phenylephrine, noradrenaline and electric field stimulation (EFS) were studied in myographic measurements. JNK activation by noradrenaline (30 µM) and phenylephrine (10 µM), and the effects of JNK inhibitors of c-Jun phosphorylation were assessed by Western blot analyses with phospho-specific antibodies. Expression of JNK was studied by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence double staining. KEY RESULTS The JNK inhibitors SP600125 and BI-78D3 reduced phenylephrine- and noradrenaline-induced contractions of human prostate strips. In addition, SP600125 reduced EFS-induced contraction of prostate strips. Stimulation of prostate tissue with noradrenaline or phenylephrine in vitro resulted in activation of JNK. Incubation of prostate tissue with SP600125 or BI-78D3 reduced the phosphorylation state of c-Jun. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the expression of JNK in smooth muscle cells of human prostate tissue. Fluorescence staining showed that α(1A)-adrenoceptors and JNK are expressed in the same cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of JNK is involved in α(1)-adrenoceptor-induced prostate smooth muscle contraction. Models of α(1)-adrenoceptor-mediated prostate smooth muscle contraction should include this JNK-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Strittmatter
- Department of Urology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Functional phenotype of airway myocytes from asthmatic airways. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2012; 26:95-104. [PMID: 22921313 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In asthma, the airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell plays a central role in disease pathogenesis through cellular changes which may impact on its microenvironment and alter ASM response and function. The answer to the long debated question of what makes a 'healthy' ASM cell become 'asthmatic' still remains speculative. What is known of an 'asthmatic' ASM cell, is its ability to contribute to the hallmarks of asthma such as bronchoconstriction (contractile phenotype), inflammation (synthetic phenotype) and ASM hyperplasia (proliferative phenotype). The phenotype of healthy or diseased ASM cells or tissue for the most part is determined by expression of key phenotypic markers. ASM is commonly accepted to have different phenotypes: the contractile (differentiated) state versus the synthetic (dedifferentiated) state (with the capacity to synthesize mediators, proliferate and migrate). There is now accumulating evidence that the synthetic functions of ASM in culture derived from asthmatic and non-asthmatic donors differ. Some of these differences include an altered profile and increased production of extracellular matrix proteins, pro-inflammatory mediators and adhesion receptors, collectively suggesting that ASM cells from asthmatic subjects have the capacity to alter their environment, actively participate in repair processes and functionally respond to changes in their microenvironment.
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Ge Q, Moir LM, Trian T, Niimi K, Poniris M, Shepherd PR, Black JL, Oliver BG, Burgess JK. The phosphoinositide 3'-kinase p110δ modulates contractile protein production and IL-6 release in human airway smooth muscle. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3044-52. [PMID: 22015454 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 increases pro-inflammatory cytokines and contractile protein expression by human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, which could augment airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Phosphoinositide 3' kinase (PI3K) is one of the signaling pathways implicated in TGFβ1 stimulation, and may be altered in asthmatic airways. This study compared the expression of PI3K isoforms by ASM cells from donors with asthma (A), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or neither disease (NA), and investigated the role of PI3K isoforms in the production of TGFβ1 induced pro-inflammatory cytokine and contractile proteins in ASM cells. A cells expressed higher basal levels of p110δ mRNA compared to NA and COPD cells; however COPD cells produced more p110δ protein. TGFβ1 increased 110δ mRNA expression to the same extent in the three groups. Neither the p110δ inhibitor IC87114 (1, 10, 30 µM), the p110β inhibitor TGX221 (0.1, 1, 10 µM) nor the PI3K pan inhibitor LY294002 (3, 10 µM) had any effect on basal IL-6, calponin or smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) expression. However, TGFβ1 increased calponin and α-SMA expression was inhibited by IC87114 and LY294002 in all three groups. IC87114, TGX221, and LY294002 reduced TGFβ1 induced IL-6 release in a dose related manner in all groups of ASM cells. PI3K p110δ is important for TGFβ1 induced production of the contractile proteins calponin and α-SMA and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in ASM cells, and may therefore be relevant as a potential therapeutic target to treat both inflammation and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ge
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Nader MA, El-Awady MS, Shalaby AA, El-Agamy DS. Sitagliptin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects in ovalbumin-induced murine model of allergic airway disease. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 385:909-19. [PMID: 22733167 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sitagliptin, a new oral glucose lowering medication, is used for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The anti-inflammatory property of sitagliptin is reported, yet no studies have been done on asthma. In the present study, the effect of sitagliptin on allergic asthma was investigated using ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model in mice. Swiss male albino mice sensitized and challenged to ovalbumin were treated with sitagliptin (8 mg/kg administered orally twice a day). Drug treatment was done on each day from days 16 to 23, 1 h before the challenge on the days of challenge. Sitagliptin treatment markedly decreased inflammatory cell accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in the lungs, as revealed by histopathological examination. Furthermore, the levels of interleukin (IL)-13 in BAL fluid, total and OVA specific immunoglobulins (Ig)-E in serum, were significantly reduced as compared to the OVA group. In addition, sitagliptin significantly increased superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities with significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the lung. Importantly, sitagliptin decreased mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β(1) (TGF-β(1)) in lung tissues as compared to the OVA group. Moreover, nitric oxide content as well as the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was remarkably decreased by sitagliptin treatment. Sitagliptin attenuates the allergic airway inflammation suggesting that sitagliptin may have applications in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Budd DC, Holmes AM. Targeting TGFβ superfamily ligand accessory proteins as novel therapeutics for chronic lung disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 135:279-91. [PMID: 22722064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway has been implicated to underlie a number of disease indications including chronic lung disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial pneumonias, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Consequently, the pharmaceutical industry has devoted significant resources in the pursuit of TGFβ pathway inhibitors that target the cognate type I and II receptors and respective ligands. The progress of these approaches has been painfully slow, due in part to dose-limiting safety issues that result from the antagonism of a pathway that is responsible for regulating many fundamental biological processes including immune surveillance and cardiovascular responses. These disappointments have led many in the field to conclude that modulating the TGFβ pathway for chronic indications with a sufficient safety window using conventional approaches may be extremely difficult to achieve. Here we review the rationale and limitations of the use of TGFβ pathway inhibitors in chronic lung disorders and the possibility of targeting TGFβ superfamily ligand accessory proteins to allow rheostatic regulation of signaling to achieve efficacy while maintaining a sufficient therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Budd
- Respiratory Drug Discovery, Inflammation, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ, USA.
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