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Viola H, Chen LH, Jo S, Washington K, Selva C, Li A, Feng D, Giacalone V, Stephenson ST, Cottrill K, Mohammed A, Williams E, Qu X, Lam W, Ng NL, Fitzpatrick A, Grunwell J, Tirouvanziam R, Takayama S. HIGH THROUGHPUT QUANTITATION OF HUMAN NEUTROPHIL RECRUITMENT AND FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES IN AN AIR-BLOOD BARRIER ARRAY. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593624. [PMID: 38798413 PMCID: PMC11118313 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulated neutrophil recruitment drives many pulmonary diseases, but most preclinical screening methods are unsuited to evaluate pulmonary neutrophilia, limiting progress towards therapeutics. Namely, high throughput therapeutic screening systems typically exclude critical neutrophilic pathophysiology, including blood-to-lung recruitment, dysfunctional activation, and resulting impacts on the air-blood barrier. To meet the conflicting demands of physiological complexity and high throughput, we developed an assay of 96-well Leukocyte recruitment in an Air-Blood Barrier Array (L-ABBA-96) that enables in vivo -like neutrophil recruitment compatible with downstream phenotyping by automated flow cytometry. We modeled acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with neutrophil recruitment to 20 ng/mL epithelial-side interleukin 8 (IL-8) and found a dose dependent reduction in recruitment with physiologic doses of baricitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor recently FDA-approved for severe COVID-19 ARDS. Additionally, neutrophil recruitment to patient-derived cystic fibrosis sputum supernatant induced disease-mimetic recruitment and activation of healthy donor neutrophils and upregulated endothelial e-selectin. Compared to 24-well assays, the L-ABBA-96 reduces required patient sample volumes by 25 times per well and quadruples throughput per plate. Compared to microfluidic assays, the L-ABBA-96 recruits two orders of magnitude more neutrophils per well, enabling downstream flow cytometry and other standard biochemical assays. This novel pairing of high-throughput in vitro modeling of organ-level lung function with parallel high-throughput leukocyte phenotyping substantially advances opportunities for pathophysiological studies, personalized medicine, and drug testing applications.
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Bandyopadhyay G, Jehrio MG, Baker C, Bhattacharya S, Misra RS, Huyck HL, Chu C, Myers JR, Ashton J, Polter S, Cochran M, Bushnell T, Dutra J, Katzman PJ, Deutsch GH, Mariani TJ, Pryhuber GS. Bulk RNA sequencing of human pediatric lung cell populations reveals unique transcriptomic signature associated with postnatal pulmonary development. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L604-L617. [PMID: 38442187 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00385.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Postnatal lung development results in an increasingly functional organ prepared for gas exchange and pathogenic challenges. It is achieved through cellular differentiation and migration. Changes in the tissue architecture during this development process are well-documented and increasing cellular diversity associated with it are reported in recent years. Despite recent progress, transcriptomic and molecular pathways associated with human postnatal lung development are yet to be fully understood. In this study, we investigated gene expression patterns associated with healthy pediatric lung development in four major enriched cell populations (epithelial, endothelial, and nonendothelial mesenchymal cells, along with lung leukocytes) from 1-day-old to 8-yr-old organ donors with no known lung disease. For analysis, we considered the donors in four age groups [less than 30 days old neonates, 30 days to < 1 yr old infants, toddlers (1 to < 2 yr), and children 2 yr and older] and assessed differentially expressed genes (DEG). We found increasing age-associated transcriptional changes in all four major cell types in pediatric lung. Transition from neonate to infant stage showed highest number of DEG compared with the number of DEG found during infant to toddler- or toddler to older children-transitions. Profiles of differential gene expression and further pathway enrichment analyses indicate functional epithelial cell maturation and increased capability of antigen presentation and chemokine-mediated communication. Our study provides a comprehensive reference of gene expression patterns during healthy pediatric lung development that will be useful in identifying and understanding aberrant gene expression patterns associated with early life respiratory diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study presents postnatal transcriptomic changes in major cell populations in human lung, namely endothelial, epithelial, mesenchymal cells, and leukocytes. Although human postnatal lung development continues through early adulthood, our results demonstrate that greatest transcriptional changes occur in first few months of life during neonate to infant transition. These early transcriptional changes in lung parenchyma are particularly notable for functional maturation and activation of alveolar type II cell genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Matthew G Jehrio
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Cameron Baker
- UR Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Program in Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Ravi S Misra
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Heidie L Huyck
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - ChinYi Chu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Program in Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Jason R Myers
- UR Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - John Ashton
- UR Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Steven Polter
- UR Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Matthew Cochran
- UR Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Timothy Bushnell
- UR Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Jennifer Dutra
- UR Clinical & Translational Science Institute Informatics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Philip J Katzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Program in Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Gloria S Pryhuber
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
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Miyano T, Mikkaichi T, Nakamura K, Yoshigae Y, Abernathy K, Ogura Y, Kiyosawa N. Circulating microRNA Profiles Identify a Patient Subgroup with High Inflammation and Severe Symptoms in Schizophrenia Experiencing Acute Psychosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4291. [PMID: 38673876 PMCID: PMC11050142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex and heterogenous psychiatric disorder. This study aimed to demonstrate the potential of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as a clinical biomarker to stratify schizophrenia patients and to enhance understandings of their heterogenous pathophysiology. We measured levels of 179 miRNA and 378 proteins in plasma samples of schizophrenia patients experiencing acute psychosis and obtained their Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores. The plasma miRNA profile revealed three subgroups of schizophrenia patients, where one subgroup tended to have higher scores of all the PANSS subscales compared to the other subgroups. The subgroup with high PANSS scores had four distinctively downregulated miRNAs, which enriched 'Immune Response' according to miRNA set enrichment analysis and were reported to negatively regulate IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα. The same subgroup had 22 distinctively upregulated proteins, which enriched 'Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction' according to protein set enrichment analysis, and all the mapped proteins were pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hence, the subgroup is inferred to have comparatively high inflammation within schizophrenia. In conclusion, miRNAs are a potential biomarker that reflects both disease symptoms and molecular pathophysiology, and identify a patient subgroup with high inflammation. These findings provide insights for the precision medicinal strategies for anti-inflammatory treatments in the high-inflammation subgroup of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Miyano
- Translational Science Department II, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan; (T.M.); (K.N.); (Y.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Mikkaichi
- Translational Science Department II, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan; (T.M.); (K.N.); (Y.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Kouichi Nakamura
- Translational Science Department II, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan; (T.M.); (K.N.); (Y.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Yasushi Yoshigae
- Translational Science Department II, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan; (T.M.); (K.N.); (Y.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Kelly Abernathy
- Clinical Research Department, Sirtsei Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 3000 RDU Center Drive, Suite 130, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA;
| | - Yuji Ogura
- Translational Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan;
| | - Naoki Kiyosawa
- Translational Science Department II, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan; (T.M.); (K.N.); (Y.Y.); (N.K.)
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4
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Lebda MA, Mansour AA, Elieba EM, Hassoubah SA, AlMalki F, El-Magd MA, Othman SI, Allam AM, Tellez-Isaias G, Taha AE. Leverage of Salvadora persica and Pulicaria undulata extracts in Escherichia coli-challenged broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103472. [PMID: 38271754 PMCID: PMC10832469 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a significant challenge in the poultry industry due to their related use of antimicrobial compounds and the drastic losses in production and livability. This study investigated the preventive impacts of dietary supplementation of Salvadora persica (SP) and/or Pulicaria undulata (PU) extracts on growth traits, biochemical and immune parameters, and related gene expression of E. coli-infected broilers. A total of 120 one-day-old Cobb broilers were used. The chicks were allocated into eight equal groups (3 replicates/ group; 5 chicks per each replicate) as follows: G1; control negative, G2; SP-treated, G3; PU-treated, G4; SP/PU-treated, G5; E. coli infected, G6; E. coli infected and SP-treated, G7; E. coli infected and PU-treated, G8; E. coli infected and SP/PU-treated groups. Results revealed significant improvement in average body weight (ABW), average weight gain (AWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in broilers fed diets supplemented with SP and/or PU compared to control and E. coli infected groups. Moreover, significant (P < 0.05) reduction in ALT, AST, creatinine, and uric acid was reported in other treated groups compared to the single E. coli-infected broilers. On the contrary, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in serum immunoglobulin and protein concentration was also reported in treated groups when compared to E. coli-infected untreated group. In addition, feeding broilers with SP and/or PU significantly improved (P < 0.05) the relative weight of immune-related organs and gene expression of TLR-15, with subsequent down-regulation of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA transcripts. Supplementing broilers with dietary SP and/or PU could be promising in the prevention of E. coli infection via stimulating significant improvement of immune-related gene expression, immune-related organ weight, and down-regulation of inflammatory-related genes, with subsequent enhancement of the growth performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Lebda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Ahd A Mansour
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, 21461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa M Elieba
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33511, Egypt
| | - Shahira A Hassoubah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah AlMalki
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Al Quwaiiyah, Shaqra University, Al Quwaiiyah 19257, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abu El-Magd
- Embryology and Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33511, Egypt
| | - Sara I Othman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Allam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211 Egypt
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701 USA
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, 22758, Edfina, Egypt.
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Shakirova V, Markelova M, Davidyuk Y, Stott-Marshall RJ, Foster TL, Khaiboullina S, Rizvanov A, Martynova E. Rosuvastatin as a Supplemental Treatment for the Clinical Symptoms of Nephropathia Epidemica: A Pilot Clinical Study. Viruses 2024; 16:306. [PMID: 38400081 PMCID: PMC10892398 DOI: 10.3390/v16020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nephropathis epidemica (NE), a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), is an acute zoonotic disease endemic in the Republic of Tatarstan. This study aimed to assess the impact of rosuvastatin on the clinical and laboratory results of NE. A total of 61 NE patients and 30 controls were included in this study; 22 NE patients and 7 controls received a daily dose of rosuvastatin (10 mg) for ten consecutive days. Serum samples were collected on days 1, 5, and 10 after admission to the hospital. These samples were analyzed to determine the levels of lipids, cytokines, and kidney toxicity markers. Our findings indicate that rosuvastatin reduced the duration of the second wave of fever and alleviated back pain and headache symptoms. Additionally, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) serum levels were significantly decreased on days 5 and 10 upon rosuvastatin treatment. Furthermore, rosuvastatin decreased the levels of cytokines in the serum, particularly proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8. NE patients had significantly altered levels of the kidney toxicity markers albumin and osteopontin. The data from our study provide evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of rosuvastatin in NE cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera Shakirova
- Department of Infection Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan 420012, Russia;
| | - Maria Markelova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia; (M.M.); (Y.D.); (S.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Yuriy Davidyuk
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia; (M.M.); (Y.D.); (S.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Robert J. Stott-Marshall
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (R.J.S.-M.); (T.L.F.)
| | - Toshana L. Foster
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (R.J.S.-M.); (T.L.F.)
| | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia; (M.M.); (Y.D.); (S.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia; (M.M.); (Y.D.); (S.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Ekaterina Martynova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia; (M.M.); (Y.D.); (S.K.); (A.R.)
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Sousa de Almeida M, Lee A, Itel F, Maniura-Weber K, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. The Effect of Substrate Properties on Cellular Behavior and Nanoparticle Uptake in Human Fibroblasts and Epithelial Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:342. [PMID: 38392715 PMCID: PMC10892529 DOI: 10.3390/nano14040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The delivery of nanomedicines into cells holds enormous therapeutic potential; however little is known regarding how the extracellular matrix (ECM) can influence cell-nanoparticle (NP) interactions. Changes in ECM organization and composition occur in several pathophysiological states, including fibrosis and tumorigenesis, and may contribute to disease progression. We show that the physical characteristics of cellular substrates, that more closely resemble the ECM in vivo, can influence cell behavior and the subsequent uptake of NPs. Electrospinning was used to create two different substrates made of soft polyurethane (PU) with aligned and non-aligned nanofibers to recapitulate the ECM in two different states. To investigate the impact of cell-substrate interaction, A549 lung epithelial cells and MRC-5 lung fibroblasts were cultured on soft PU membranes with different alignments and compared against stiff tissue culture plastic (TCP)/glass. Both cell types could attach and grow on both PU membranes with no signs of cytotoxicity but with increased cytokine release compared with cells on the TCP. The uptake of silica NPs increased more than three-fold in fibroblasts but not in epithelial cells cultured on both membranes. This study demonstrates that cell-matrix interaction is substrate and cell-type dependent and highlights the importance of considering the ECM and tissue mechanical properties when designing NPs for effective cell targeting and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Sousa de Almeida
- Adolphe Merkle Institute and National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.d.A.); (A.L.); (A.P.-F.)
| | - Aaron Lee
- Adolphe Merkle Institute and National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.d.A.); (A.L.); (A.P.-F.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2BP, UK
| | - Fabian Itel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute and National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.d.A.); (A.L.); (A.P.-F.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute and National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.S.d.A.); (A.L.); (A.P.-F.)
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Lacerenza MD, Arantes JDA, Reginato GM, Passarelli D, Balieiro JCDC, Amaral AR, Vendramini THA, Brunetto MA, Dória RGS. Effects of β-Glucan Supplementation on LPS-Induced Endotoxemia in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:474. [PMID: 38338117 PMCID: PMC10854761 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
β-glucan is part of the cell wall of fungi and yeasts and has been known for decades to have immunomodulating effects on boosting immunity against various infections as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern that is able to modify biological responses. β-glucan has been used in rat models and in vitro studies involving sepsis and SIRS with good results, but this supplement has not been evaluated in the treatment of endotoxemia in horses. This study aims to evaluate the effects of preventive supplementation with β-glucan in horses submitted to endotoxemia by means of inflammatory response modulation. Eight healthy horses, both male and female, aged 18 ± 3 months, weighing 300 ± 100 kg of mixed breed, were randomly assigned to two groups of four animals, both of which were subjected to the induction of endotoxemia via the intravenous administration of E. coli lipopolysaccharides (0.1 µg/kg). For 30 days before the induction of endotoxemia, horses in the β-glucan group (GB) received 10 mg/kg/day of β-glucan orally, and horses in the control group (GC) received 10 mg/kg/day of 0.9% sodium chloride orally. The horses were submitted to physical exams, including a hematological, serum biochemistry, and peritoneal fluid evaluation, and the serum quantification of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10. For statistical analysis, the normality of residues and homogeneity of variances were verified; then, the variables were analyzed as repeated measures over time, checking the effect of treatment, time, and the interaction between time and treatment. Finally, the averages were compared using Tukey's test at a significance level of 5%. Horses from both experimental groups presented clinical signs and hematological changes in endotoxemia, including an increase in heart rate and body temperature, neutrophilic leukopenia, an increase in serum bilirubin, glucose, lactate, and an increase in TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Hepatic and renal function were not compromised by β-glucan supplementation. GB presented higher mean values of the serum total protein, globulins, and IL-8 compared to that observed in GC. In the peritoneal fluid, horses from GB presented a lower mean concentration of neutrophils and a higher mean concentration of macrophages compared to the GC. It was concluded that preventive supplementation of β-glucan for thirty days modulated the immune response, as evidenced by increasing serum total proteins, globulins, IL-8, and changes in the type of peritoneal inflammatory cells, without effectively attenuating clinical signs of endotoxemia in horses. Considering the safety of β-glucan in this study, the results suggest the potential clinical implication of β-glucan for prophylactic use in horse endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Domingues Lacerenza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (M.D.L.); (J.d.A.A.); (G.M.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Júlia de Assis Arantes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (M.D.L.); (J.d.A.A.); (G.M.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Gustavo Morandini Reginato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (M.D.L.); (J.d.A.A.); (G.M.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Danielle Passarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (M.D.L.); (J.d.A.A.); (G.M.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (J.C.d.C.B.); (A.R.A.); (T.H.A.V.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (J.C.d.C.B.); (A.R.A.); (T.H.A.V.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (J.C.d.C.B.); (A.R.A.); (T.H.A.V.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (J.C.d.C.B.); (A.R.A.); (T.H.A.V.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (M.D.L.); (J.d.A.A.); (G.M.R.); (D.P.)
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Ahmadi A, Ahrari S, Salimian J, Salehi Z, Karimi M, Emamvirdizadeh A, Jamalkandi SA, Ghanei M. p38 MAPK signaling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis and inhibitor therapeutics. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:314. [PMID: 37919729 PMCID: PMC10623820 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to airway and/or alveolar remodeling. Although the abnormalities are primarily prompted by chronic exposure to inhaled irritants, maladjusted and self-reinforcing immune responses are significant contributors to the development and progression of the disease. The p38 isoforms are regarded as pivotal hub proteins that regulate immune and inflammatory responses in both healthy and disease states. As a result, their inhibition has been the subject of numerous recent studies exploring their therapeutic potential in COPD. MAIN BODY We performed a systematic search based on the PRISMA guidelines to find relevant studies about P38 signaling in COPD patients. We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases and used "P38" AND "COPD" Mesh Terms. We applied the following inclusion criteria: (1) human, animal, ex vivo and in vitro studies; (2) original research articles; (3) published in English; and (4) focused on P38 signaling in COPD pathogenesis, progression, or treatment. We screened the titles and abstracts of the retrieved studies and assessed the full texts of the eligible studies for quality and relevance. We extracted the following data from each study: authors, year, country, sample size, study design, cell type, intervention, outcome, and main findings. We classified the studies according to the role of different cells and treatments in P38 signaling in COPD. CONCLUSION While targeting p38 MAPK has demonstrated some therapeutic potential in COPD, its efficacy is limited. Nevertheless, combining p38 MAPK inhibitors with other anti-inflammatory steroids appears to be a promising treatment choice. Clinical trials testing various p38 MAPK inhibitors have produced mixed results, with some showing improvement in lung function and reduction in exacerbations in COPD patients. Despite these mixed results, research on p38 MAPK inhibitors is still a major area of study to develop new and more effective therapies for COPD. As our understanding of COPD evolves, we may gain a better understanding of how to utilize p38 MAPK inhibitors to treat this disease. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Ahrari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Emamvirdizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Bio Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Costabile F, Gualtieri M, Rinaldi M, Canepari S, Vecchi R, Massimi L, Di Iulio G, Paglione M, Di Liberto L, Corsini E, Facchini MC, Decesari S. Exposure to urban nanoparticles at low PM[Formula: see text] concentrations as a source of oxidative stress and inflammation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18616. [PMID: 37903867 PMCID: PMC10616204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposures to fine particulate matter (PM[Formula: see text]) have been associated with health impacts, but the understanding of the PM[Formula: see text] concentration-response (PM[Formula: see text]-CR) relationships, especially at low PM[Formula: see text], remains incomplete. Here, we present novel data using a methodology to mimic lung exposure to ambient air (2[Formula: see text] 60 [Formula: see text]g m[Formula: see text]), with minimized sampling artifacts for nanoparticles. A reference model (Air Liquid Interface cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells, BEAS-2B) was used for aerosol exposure. Non-linearities observed in PM[Formula: see text]-CR curves are interpreted as a result of the interplay between the aerosol total oxidative potential (OP[Formula: see text]) and its distribution across particle size (d[Formula: see text]). A d[Formula: see text]-dependent condensation sink (CS) is assessed together with the distribution with d[Formula: see text] of reactive species . Urban ambient aerosol high in OP[Formula: see text], as indicated by the DTT assay, with (possibly copper-containing) nanoparticles, shows higher pro-inflammatory and oxidative responses, this occurring at lower PM[Formula: see text] concentrations (< 5 [Formula: see text]g m[Formula: see text]). Among the implications of this work, there are recommendations for global efforts to go toward the refinement of actual air quality standards with metrics considering the distribution of OP[Formula: see text] with d[Formula: see text] also at relatively low PM[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Costabile
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - Italian National Research Council (ISAC - CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gualtieri
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 26126 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Rinaldi
- National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - Italian National Research Council (ISAC - CNR), Via Gobetti, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Vecchi
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano,and INFN-Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Di Iulio
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - Italian National Research Council (ISAC - CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Paglione
- National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - Italian National Research Council (ISAC - CNR), Via Gobetti, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Di Liberto
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - Italian National Research Council (ISAC - CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Facchini
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - Italian National Research Council (ISAC - CNR), Via Gobetti, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Decesari
- National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - Italian National Research Council (ISAC - CNR), Via Gobetti, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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10
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Peng W, Qi H, Zhu W, Tong L, Rouzi A, Wu Y, Han L, He L, Yan Y, Pan T, Liu J, Wang Q, Jia Z, Song Y, Zhu Q, Zhou J. Lianhua Qingke ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps formation and pyroptosis. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12295. [PMID: 37808899 PMCID: PMC10557103 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
LHQK is a patented Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which is clinically used for acute tracheobronchitis, cough, and other respiratory diseases. Recent studies have proved that LHQK exhibits excellent clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). However, the corresponding mechanisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of LHQK on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. The pathological examination, inflammatory cytokines assessments, and mucus secretion evaluation indicated that administration of LHQK ameliorated LPS-induced lung injury, and suppressed the secretion of Muc5AC and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in plasma and BALF. Furthermore, the results of cell-free DNA level showed that LHQK significantly inhibited LPS-induced NETs formation. Western blot revealed that LHQK effectively inhibited LPS-triggered pyroptosis in the lung. In addition, RNA-Seq data analysis, relatively bioinformatic analysis, and network pharmacology analysis revealed that LHQK and relative components may play multiple protective functions in LPS-induced ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by regulating multiple targets directly or indirectly related to NETs and pyroptosis. In conclusion, LHQK can effectively attenuate lung injury and reduce lung inflammation by inhibiting LPS-induced NETs formation and pyroptosis, which may be regulated directly or indirectly by active compounds of LHQK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Peng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and InjuryShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Qi
- Hebei Academy of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineHebeiShijiazhuangChina
| | - Wensi Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and InjuryShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Tong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and InjuryShanghaiChina
| | - Ainiwaer Rouzi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and InjuryShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and InjuryShanghaiChina
| | - Linxiao Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and InjuryShanghaiChina
| | - Ludan He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and InjuryShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and InjuryShanghaiChina
| | - Ting Pan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and InjuryShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and InjuryShanghaiChina
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and InjuryShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Hebei Academy of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineHebeiShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and InjuryShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qiaoliang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and InjuryShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health CommissionFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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11
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Casella B, Farmer JP, Nesheva DN, Williams HEL, Charlton SJ, Holliday ND, Laughton CA, Mistry SN. Design, Synthesis, and Application of Fluorescent Ligands Targeting the Intracellular Allosteric Binding Site of the CXC Chemokine Receptor 2. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12911-12930. [PMID: 37523859 PMCID: PMC10544029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), a key inflammatory mediator, is a potential strategy in the treatment of several pulmonary diseases and cancers. The complexity of endogenous chemokine interaction with the orthosteric binding site has led to the development of CXCR2 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) targeting an intracellular pocket near the G protein binding site. Our understanding of NAM binding and mode of action has been limited by the availability of suitable tracer ligands for competition studies, allowing direct ligand binding measurements. Here, we report the rational design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of a series of fluorescent NAMs, based on navarixin (2), which display high affinity and preferential binding for CXCR2 over CXCR1. We demonstrate their application in fluorescence imaging and NanoBRET binding assays, in whole cells or membranes, capable of kinetic and equilibrium analysis of NAM binding, providing a platform to screen for alternative chemophores targeting these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca
Maria Casella
- Division
of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - James P. Farmer
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Desislava N. Nesheva
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Huw E. L. Williams
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery
Institute, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Steven J. Charlton
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- OMass
Therapeutics Ltd., Oxford OX4 2GX, UK
| | - Nicholas D. Holliday
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Excellerate
Bioscience Ltd., Biocity, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK
| | - Charles A. Laughton
- Division
of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Shailesh N. Mistry
- Division
of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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12
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Govoni M, Bassi M, Santoro D, Donegan S, Singh D. Serum IL-8 as a Determinant of Response to Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibition in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:559-569. [PMID: 37192443 PMCID: PMC10492261 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202301-0071oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors have demonstrated increased efficacy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who had chronic bronchitis or higher blood eosinophil counts. Further characterization of patients who are most likely to benefit is warranted. Objective: To identify determinants of response to the PDE4 inhibitor tanimilast. Methods: A PDE4 gene expression signature in blood was developed by unsupervised clustering of the ECLIPSE study dataset (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00292552; Gene Expression Omnibus Series ID: GSE76705). The signature was further evaluated using blood and sputum transcriptome data from the BIOMARKER study (NCT03004417; GSE133513), enabling validation of the association between PDE4 signaling and target biomarkers. Predictivity of the associated biomarkers against clinical response was then tested in the phase-2b PIONEER tanimilast study (NCT02986321). Measurements and Main Results: The PDE4 gene expression signature developed in the ECLIPSE dataset classified subgroups of patients associated with different PDE4 signaling in the BIOMARKER cohort with an area under the receiver operator curve of 98%. In the BIOMARKER study, serum IL-8 was the only variable that was consistently associated with PDE4 signaling, with lower levels associated with higher PDE4 activity. In the PIONEER study, the exacerbation rate reduction mediated by tanimilast treatment increased up to twofold in patients with lower IL-8 levels; 36% versus 18%, reaching statistical significance at ⩽20 pg/ml (P = 0.035). The combination with blood eosinophils ⩾150 μl-1 or chronic bronchitis provided further additive exacerbation rate reduction: 45% (P = 0.013) and 47% (P = 0.027), respectively. Conclusions: Using selected heterogeneous datasets, this analysis identifies IL-8 as an independent predictor of PDE4 inhibition, as tanimilast had a greater effect on exacerbation prevention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who had lower baseline serum IL-8 levels. Testing of this biomarker in other datasets is warranted. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00292552 [Gene Expression Omnibus Series ID: GSE76705], NCT03004417 [GSE133513], and NCT02986321).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Govoni
- Global Clinical Development, Translational and Precision Medicine, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Bassi
- Global Clinical Development, Translational and Precision Medicine, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
| | - Debora Santoro
- Global Clinical Development, Translational and Precision Medicine, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Hospital Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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13
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Amma C, Inomata Y, Kohno R, Satake M, Furukawa A, Nagata Y, Sugiyama H, Seto T, Suzuki R. Copper in airborne fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) from urban sites causes the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in human lung epithelial A549 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5879-5891. [PMID: 37179508 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine atmospheric particles, such as PM2.5, are strongly related to the onset and exacerbation of inflammatory responses leading to the development of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. PM2.5 is a complex mixture of tiny particles with different properties (i.e., size, morphology, and chemical components). Moreover, the mechanism by which PM2.5 induces inflammatory responses has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the composition of PM2.5 to identify the main factors causing PM2.5-associated inflammation and diseases. In the present study, we investigated PM2.5 from two sites (Fukue, a remote monitoring site, and Kawasaki, an urban monitoring site) with greatly different environments and PM2.5 compositions. The results of ICP-MS and EDX-SEM indicated that PM2.5 from Kawasaki contained more metals and significantly induced the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene IL-8 compared to the PM2.5 from Fukue. We also verified the increased secretion of IL-8 protein from exposure to PM2.5 from Kawasaki. We further investigated their effects on inflammatory response and cytotoxicity using metal nanoparticles (Cu, Zn, and Ni) and ions and found that the Cu nanoparticles caused a dose-dependent increase in IL-8 expression together with significant cell death. We also found that Cu nanoparticles enhanced the secretion of IL-8 protein. These results suggest that Cu in PM2.5 is involved in lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Amma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yayoi Inomata
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Risa Kohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Minami Satake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furukawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuka Nagata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hironori Sugiyama
- Instrumental Analysis Division, Engineering and Technology Department, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Seto
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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14
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Plichta J, Kuna P, Panek M. Biologic drugs in the treatment of chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases: recent developments and future perspectives. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207641. [PMID: 37334374 PMCID: PMC10272527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases of the lung are some of the leading causes of mortality and significant morbidity worldwide. Despite the tremendous burden these conditions put on global healthcare, treatment options for most of these diseases remain scarce. Inhaled corticosteroids and beta-adrenergic agonists, while effective for symptom control and widely available, are linked to severe and progressive side effects, affecting long-term patient compliance. Biologic drugs, in particular peptide inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies show promise as therapeutics for chronic pulmonary diseases. Peptide inhibitor-based treatments have already been proposed for a range of diseases, including infectious disease, cancers and even Alzheimer disease, while monoclonal antibodies have already been implemented as therapeutics for a range of conditions. Several biologic agents are currently being developed for the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary sarcoidosis. This article is a review of the biologics already employed in the treatment of chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases and recent progress in the development of the most promising of those treatments, with particular focus on randomised clinical trial outcomes.
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15
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Kastlmeier MT, Gonzalez-Rodriguez E, Cabanis P, Guenther EM, König AC, Han L, Hauck SM, See F, Asgharpour S, Bukas C, Burgstaller G, Piraud M, Lehmann M, Hatz RA, Behr J, Stoeger T, Hilgendorff A, Voss C. Cytokine signaling converging on IL11 in ILD fibroblasts provokes aberrant epithelial differentiation signatures. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128239. [PMID: 37266432 PMCID: PMC10230276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a heterogenous group of lung disorders where destruction and incomplete regeneration of the lung parenchyma often results in persistent architectural distortion of the pulmonary scaffold. Continuous mesenchyme-centered, disease-relevant signaling likely initiates and perpetuates the fibrotic remodeling process, specifically targeting the epithelial cell compartment, thereby destroying the gas exchange area. Methods With the aim of identifying functional mediators of the lung mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk with potential as new targets for therapeutic strategies, we developed a 3D organoid co-culture model based on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar epithelial type 2 cells that form alveolar organoids in presence of lung fibroblasts from fibrotic-ILD patients, in our study referring to cases of pulmonary fibrosis, as well as control cell line (IMR-90). Results While organoid formation capacity and size was comparable in the presence of fibrotic-ILD or control lung fibroblasts, metabolic activity was significantly increased in fibrotic-ILD co-cultures. Alveolar organoids cultured with fibrotic-ILD fibroblasts further demonstrated reduced stem cell function as reflected by reduced Surfactant Protein C gene expression together with an aberrant basaloid-prone differentiation program indicated by elevated Cadherin 2, Bone Morphogenic Protein 4 and Vimentin transcription. To screen for key mediators of the misguided mesenchymal-to-epithelial crosstalk with a focus on disease-relevant inflammatory processes, we used mass spectrometry and characterized the secretome of end stage fibrotic-ILD lung fibroblasts in comparison to non-chronic lung disease (CLD) patient fibroblasts. Out of the over 2000 proteins detected by this experimental approach, 47 proteins were differentially abundant comparing fibrotic-ILD and non-CLD fibroblast secretome. The fibrotic-ILD secretome profile was dominated by chemokines, including CXCL1, CXCL3, and CXCL8, interfering with growth factor signaling orchestrated by Interleukin 11 (IL11), steering fibrogenic cell-cell communication, and proteins regulating extracellular matrix remodeling including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. When in turn treating alveolar organoids with IL11, we recapitulated the co-culture results obtained with primary fibrotic-ILD fibroblasts including changes in metabolic activity. Conclusion We identified mediators likely contributing to the disease-perpetuating mesenchymal-to-epithelial crosstalk in ILD. In our alveolar organoid co-cultures, we were able to highlight the importance of fibroblast-initiated aberrant epithelial differentiation and confirmed IL11 as a key player in fibrotic-ILD pathogenesis by unbiased fibroblast secretome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam T. Kastlmeier
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Phoebe Cabanis
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Eva M. Guenther
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine König
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core (MPC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Lianyong Han
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core (MPC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Fenja See
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Asgharpour
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Bukas
- Helmholtz AI, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Burgstaller
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Piraud
- Helmholtz AI, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps-University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf A. Hatz
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, Thoraxchirurgie, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Dr. von Haunersche Children’s Hospital, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Voss
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Matera MG, Calzetta L, Cazzola M, Ora J, Rogliani P. Biologic therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:163-173. [PMID: 36527286 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2160238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disorder characterized by a complicated chronic inflammatory response that is resistant to corticosteroid therapy. As a result, there is a critical need for effective anti-inflammatory medications to treat people with COPD. Using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to inhibit cytokines and chemokines or their receptors could be a potential approach to treating the inflammatory component of COPD. AREAS COVERED The therapeutic potential that some of these mAbs might have in COPD is reviewed. EXPERT OPINION No mAb directed against cytokines or chemokines has shown any therapeutic impact in COPD patients, apart from mAbs targeting the IL-5 pathway that appear to have statistically significant, albeit weak, effect in patients with eosinophilic COPD. This may reflect the complexity of COPD, in which no single cytokine or chemokine has a dominant role. Because the umbrella term COPD encompasses several endotypes with diverse underlying processes, mAbs targeting specific cytokines or chemokines should most likely be evaluated in limited and focused populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Josuel Ora
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Madissoon E, Oliver AJ, Kleshchevnikov V, Wilbrey-Clark A, Polanski K, Richoz N, Ribeiro Orsi A, Mamanova L, Bolt L, Elmentaite R, Pett JP, Huang N, Xu C, He P, Dabrowska M, Pritchard S, Tuck L, Prigmore E, Perera S, Knights A, Oszlanczi A, Hunter A, Vieira SF, Patel M, Lindeboom RGH, Campos LS, Matsuo K, Nakayama T, Yoshida M, Worlock KB, Nikolić MZ, Georgakopoulos N, Mahbubani KT, Saeb-Parsy K, Bayraktar OA, Clatworthy MR, Stegle O, Kumasaka N, Teichmann SA, Meyer KB. A spatially resolved atlas of the human lung characterizes a gland-associated immune niche. Nat Genet 2023; 55:66-77. [PMID: 36543915 PMCID: PMC9839452 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics has allowed unprecedented resolution of cell types/states in the human lung, but their spatial context is less well defined. To (re)define tissue architecture of lung and airways, we profiled five proximal-to-distal locations of healthy human lungs in depth using multi-omic single cell/nuclei and spatial transcriptomics (queryable at lungcellatlas.org ). Using computational data integration and analysis, we extend beyond the suspension cell paradigm and discover macro and micro-anatomical tissue compartments including previously unannotated cell types in the epithelial, vascular, stromal and nerve bundle micro-environments. We identify and implicate peribronchial fibroblasts in lung disease. Importantly, we discover and validate a survival niche for IgA plasma cells in the airway submucosal glands (SMG). We show that gland epithelial cells recruit B cells and IgA plasma cells, and promote longevity and antibody secretion locally through expression of CCL28, APRIL and IL-6. This new 'gland-associated immune niche' has implications for respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elo Madissoon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda J Oliver
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Nathan Richoz
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Ribeiro Orsi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lira Mamanova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liam Bolt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rasa Elmentaite
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Patrick Pett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ni Huang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chuan Xu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peng He
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monika Dabrowska
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sophie Pritchard
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liz Tuck
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Prigmore
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shani Perera
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Knights
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Agnes Oszlanczi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Hunter
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara F Vieira
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Minal Patel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Lia S Campos
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Masahiro Yoshida
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kaylee B Worlock
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marko Z Nikolić
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nikitas Georgakopoulos
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishnaa T Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Stegle
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory/Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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18
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Pietraforte I, Butera A, Gaddini L, Mennella A, Palazzo R, Campanile D, Stefanantoni K, Riccieri V, Lande R, Frasca L. CXCL4-RNA Complexes Circulate in Systemic Sclerosis and Amplify Inflammatory/Pro-Fibrotic Responses by Myeloid Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010653. [PMID: 36614095 PMCID: PMC9820649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL4 is an important biomarker of systemic sclerosis (SSc), an incurable autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and skin/internal organs fibrosis. CXCL4 contributes to the type I interferon (IFN-I) signature, typical of at least half of SSc patients, and its presence is linked to an unfavorable prognosis. The mechanism implicated is CXCL4 binding to self-DNA, with the formation of complexes amplifying TLR9 stimulation in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Here, we demonstrate that, upon binding to self-RNA, CXCL4 protects the RNA from enzymatic degradation. As a consequence, CXCL4-RNA complexes persist in vivo. Indeed, we show for the first time that CXCL4-RNA complexes circulate in SSc plasma and correlate with both IFN-I and TNF-α. By using monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) pretreated with IFN-α as a model system (to mimic the SSc milieu of the IFN-I signature), we demonstrate that CXCL4-RNA complexes induce MDDC maturation and increase, in particular, pro-inflammatory TNF-α as well as IL-12, IL-23, IL-8, and pro-collagen, mainly in a TLR7/8-dependent but CXCR3-independent manner. In contrast, MDDCs produced IL-6 and fibronectin independently in their CXCL4 RNA-binding ability. These findings support a role for CXCL4-RNA complexes, besides CXCL4-DNA complexes, in immune amplification via the modulation of myeloid DC effector functions in SSc and also during normal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Pietraforte
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Butera
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Gaddini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Mennella
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Palazzo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Campanile
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Stefanantoni
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Riccieri
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Lande
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Frasca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Rhinovirus Infection and Virus-Induced Asthma. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122616. [PMID: 36560620 PMCID: PMC9781665 DOI: 10.3390/v14122616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While the aetiology of asthma is unclear, the onset and/or exacerbation of asthma may be associated with respiratory infections. Virus-induced asthma is also known as virus-associated/triggered asthma, and the reported main causative agent is rhinovirus (RV). Understanding the relationship between viral infections and asthma may overcome the gaps in deferential immunity between viral infections and allergies. Moreover, understanding the complicated cytokine networks involved in RV infection may be necessary. Therefore, the complexity of RV-induced asthma is not only owing to the response of airway and immune cells against viral infection, but also to allergic immune responses caused by the wide variety of cytokines produced by these cells. To better understand RV-induced asthma, it is necessary to elucidate the nature RV infections and the corresponding host defence mechanisms. In this review, we attempt to organise the complexity of RV-induced asthma to make it easily understandable for readers.
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20
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Effects of oligo-fucoidan on the immune response, inflammatory status and pulmonary function in patients with asthma: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18150. [PMID: 36307493 PMCID: PMC9616827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common disease occurring worldwide. The clinical treatment of asthma is constantly revised and updated; however, it is associated with side effects. Our previous in vitro and ex vivo studies found that oligo-fucoidan can improve allergic immune responses and reduce airway inflammation. The purpose of this clinical trial was to investigate the effects of oligo-fucoidan on the immune status, inflammatory response, and pulmonary function of patients with asthma. Twenty asthmatic patients were randomly divided into two groups: (1) control group: receiving regular asthma treatment and supplementation with placebo; (2) fucoidan group: receiving regular asthma treatment and supplementation with oligo-fucoidan. Pulmonary function tests, the "Asthma Control Questionnaire" survey, biochemical data, inflammatory factors, and immune cell subtypes were detected. During treatment, the levels of WBC (p = 0.038) and creatinine (p = 0.012 and p = 0.008 at 12th and 24th weeks) were significantly decreased in the fucoidan group. Lung function (FEV1/FVC pr) significantly increased in the fucoidan group (p = 0.046). Regarding the proportion of immune cells, the level of IFN+ and CD4+IFN+cells in the fucoidan group was significantly increased during the treatment period (P < 0.05), while the proportions of CD3+CD4+ cells (p = 0.048) and CD3+CD8+ cells (p = 0.009) in the fucoidan group were significantly decreased during the treatment period. Regarding cytokines, the level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) was also significantly reduced in the fucoidan group during the treatment period.
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Marchi PH, Vendramini THA, Perini MP, Zafalon RVA, Amaral AR, Ochamotto VA, Da Silveira JC, Dagli MLZ, Brunetto MA. Obesity, inflammation, and cancer in dogs: Review and perspectives. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1004122. [PMID: 36262532 PMCID: PMC9573962 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1004122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs, and its prevalence has increased in recent decades. Several countries have demonstrated a prevalence of obesity in dogs similar to that observed in humans. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a prominent basis used to explain how obesity results in numerous negative health consequences. This is well known and understood, and recent studies have pointed to the association between obesity and predisposition to specific types of cancers and their complications. Such elucidations are important because, like obesity, the prevalence of cancer in dogs has increased in recent decades, establishing cancer as a significant cause of death for these animals. In the same way, intensive advances in technology in the field of human and veterinary medicine (which even proposes the use of animal models) have optimized existing therapeutic methods, led to the development of innovative treatments, and shortened the time to diagnosis of cancer. Despite the great challenges, this review aims to highlight the evidence obtained to date on the association between obesity, inflammation, and cancer in dogs, and the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that link obesity and carcinogenesis. The potential to control cancer in animals using existing knowledge is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H. Marchi
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Thiago H. A. Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Perini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Rafael V. A. Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Andressa R. Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A. Ochamotto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Juliano C. Da Silveira
- Laboratory of Molecular, Morphophysiology and Development (LMMD), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Maria L. Z. Dagli
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio A. Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil,Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Marcio A. Brunetto
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22
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Early transcriptional responses of bronchial epithelial cells to whole cigarette smoke mirror those of in-vivo exposed human bronchial mucosa. Respir Res 2022; 23:227. [PMID: 36056356 PMCID: PMC9440516 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-known detrimental effects of cigarette smoke (CS), little is known about the complex gene expression dynamics in the early stages after exposure. This study aims to investigate early transcriptomic responses following CS exposure of airway epithelial cells in culture and compare these to those found in human CS exposure studies. METHODS Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) were differentiated at the air-liquid interface (ALI) and exposed to whole CS. Bulk RNA-sequencing was performed at 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h hereafter, followed by differential gene expression analysis. Results were additionally compared to data retrieved from human CS studies. RESULTS ALI-PBEC gene expression in response to CS was most significantly changed at 4 h after exposure. Early transcriptomic changes (1 h, 4 h post CS exposure) were related to oxidative stress, xenobiotic metabolism, higher expression of immediate early genes and pro-inflammatory pathways (i.e., Nrf2, AP-1, AhR). At 24 h, ferroptosis-associated genes were significantly increased, whereas PRKN, involved in removing dysfunctional mitochondria, was downregulated. Importantly, the transcriptome dynamics of the current study mirrored in-vivo human studies of acute CS exposure, chronic smokers, and inversely mirrored smoking cessation. CONCLUSION These findings show that early after CS exposure xenobiotic metabolism and pro-inflammatory pathways were activated, followed by activation of the ferroptosis-related cell death pathway. Moreover, significant overlap between these transcriptomic responses in the in-vitro model and human in-vivo studies was found, with an early response of ciliated cells. These results provide validation for the use of ALI-PBEC cultures to study the human lung epithelial response to inhaled toxicants.
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Chortarea S, Kuru OC, Netkueakul W, Pelin M, Keshavan S, Song Z, Ma B, Gómes J, Abalos EV, Luna LAVD, Loret T, Fordham A, Drummond M, Kontis N, Anagnostopoulos G, Paterakis G, Cataldi P, Tubaro A, Galiotis C, Kinloch I, Fadeel B, Bussy C, Kostarelos K, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Prato M, Bianco A, Wick P. Hazard assessment of abraded thermoplastic composites reinforced with reduced graphene oxide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:129053. [PMID: 35650742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-related materials (GRMs) are subject to intensive investigations and considerable progress has been made in recent years in terms of safety assessment. However, limited information is available concerning the hazard potential of GRM-containing products such as graphene-reinforced composites. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the potential biological effects of particles released through an abrasion process from reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-reinforced composites of polyamide 6 (PA6), a widely used engineered thermoplastic polymer, in comparison to as-produced rGO. First, a panel of well-established in vitro models, representative of the immune system and possible target organs such as the lungs, the gut, and the skin, was applied. Limited responses to PA6-rGO exposure were found in the different in vitro models. Only as-produced rGO induced substantial adverse effects, in particular in macrophages. Since inhalation of airborne materials is a key occupational concern, we then sought to test whether the in vitro responses noted for these materials would translate into adverse effects in vivo. To this end, the response at 1, 7 and 28 days after a single pulmonary exposure was evaluated in mice. In agreement with the in vitro data, PA6-rGO induced a modest and transient pulmonary inflammation, resolved by day 28. In contrast, rGO induced a longer-lasting, albeit moderate inflammation that did not lead to tissue remodeling within 28 days. Taken together, the present study suggests a negligible impact on human health under acute exposure conditions of GRM fillers such as rGO when released from composites at doses expected at the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvina Chortarea
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ogul Can Kuru
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Woranan Netkueakul
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pelin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sandeep Keshavan
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 177 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhengmei Song
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Baojin Ma
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Julio Gómes
- Avanzare Innovacion Tecnologica S.L. 26370 Navarrete, Spain
| | - Elvira Villaro Abalos
- Instituto de Tecnologías Químicas de La Rioja (InterQuímica), 26370 Navarrete, Spain
| | - Luis Augusto Visani de Luna
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Loret
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Fordham
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Drummond
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Kontis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George Anagnostopoulos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George Paterakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Pietro Cataldi
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Aurelia Tubaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Costas Galiotis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ian Kinloch
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 177 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain; Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE), 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Peter Wick
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Lea S, Beech A, Baker J, Gaskell R, Pindolia D, Dikwa AB, Shah R, Singh D. Differential responses of COPD macrophages to respiratory bacterial pathogens. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00044-2022. [PMID: 35923420 PMCID: PMC9339767 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00044-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD patients have increased susceptibility to airway bacterial colonisation. Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are three of the most common respiratory bacterial species in COPD. H. influenzae colonisation, but not other bacteria, in COPD patients is associated with higher sputum neutrophil counts. Alveolar macrophages are key in clearance of bacteria as well as releasing mediators to recruit and activate other immune cells in response to infection. The aim was to characterise differences in COPD macrophage responses to H. influenzae, M. catarrhalisand S. pneumoniae, focusing on release of inflammatory and chemotactic mediators, and apoptosis regulation. Lung macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages from COPD patients and control subjects were exposed to H. influenzae, M. catarrhalisor S. pneumoniae. Cytokine secretion (tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, CXCL8, CCL5 and IL-1β) were measured by ELISA and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR), and apoptosis genes MCL-1, BCL-2, BAX and BAK1 by RT-qPCR. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release were also measured. Macrophages responded differentially to the bacterial species, with increased, prolonged production of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8 in response to H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis but not S. pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae initiated macrophage apoptosis and ROS release, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis did not and increased anti-apoptosis gene expression (BCL-2 5.5-fold and MCL-1 2.4-fold, respectively). Differential cytokine responses of macrophages to these bacterial species can explain neutrophilic airway inflammation associated with H. influenzae, but not S. pneumoniae in COPD. Furthermore, delayed macrophage apoptosis is a potential mechanism contributing to inability to clear H. influenzae. Differential cytokine responses of macrophages to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae can explain neutrophilic airway inflammation associated with H. influenzae but not S. pneumoniae in COPDhttps://bit.ly/3950HVZ
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Sadakane K, Ichinose T, Maki T, Nishikawa M. Co-exposure of peptidoglycan and heat-inactivated Asian sand dust exacerbates ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:231-243. [PMID: 35698289 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2086650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Asian sand dust (ASD) comprises soil particles, microorganisms, and various chemical components. We examined whether peptidoglycan (PGN), a structural cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria, exacerbates ASD-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice. METHODS The ASD (median diameter ∼4 µm) used was a certified reference material from the National Institute for Environmental Studies in Japan, derived from Gobi Desert surface soil collected in 2011. BALB/c mice were intratracheally exposed to PGN, heat-inactivated ASD (H-ASD), and ovalbumin (OVA), individually and in combination. Twenty-four hours after the final intratracheal administration, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum samples were collected. Inflammatory cell count, cytokine levels in the BALF, OVA-specific immunoglobulin levels in the serum, and pathological changes in the lungs were analyzed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION After OVA + PGN + H-ASD treatment, the number of eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages in the BALF and of eosinophils in the lung tissue was significantly higher than that after OVA + PGN or OVA + H-ASD treatment. Moreover, levels of chemokines and cytokines associated with eosinophil recruitment and activation were significantly higher in the BALF of this group than in that of the OVA + PGN group, and tended to be higher than those in the OVA + H-ASD group. Pathological changes in the lungs were most severe in mice treated with OVA + PGN + H-ASD. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that PGN is involved in the exacerbation of ASD-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice. Thus, inhalation of ASD containing Gram-positive bacteria may trigger allergic bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sadakane
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ichinose
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, Japan.,Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruya Maki
- Department of Life Science, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masataka Nishikawa
- Environmental Standards Section, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
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Lyu M, Wang Y, Chen Q, Qin J, Hou D, Huang S, Shao D, Gong X, Huang G, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Cui H. Molecular Mechanism Underlying Effects of Wumeiwan on Steroid-Dependent Asthma: A Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Verification Study. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:909-929. [PMID: 35386850 PMCID: PMC8978578 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s349950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Steroid-dependent asthma (SDA) is characterized by oral corticosteroid (OCS) resistance and dependence. Wumeiwan (WMW) showed potentials in reducing the dose of OCS of SDA patients based on our previous studies. Methods Network pharmacology was conducted to explore the molecular mechanism of WMW against SDA with the databases of TCMSP, STRING, etcetera. GO annotation and KEGG functional enrichment analysis were conducted by metascape database. Pymol performed the molecular docking. In the experiment, the OVA-induced plus descending dexamethasone intervention chronic asthmatic rat model was conducted. Lung pathological changes were analyzed by H&E, Masson, and IHC staining. Relative expressions of the gene were performed by real-time PCR. Results A total of 102 bioactive ingredients in WMW were identified, as well as 191 common targets were found from 241 predicted targets in WMW and 3539 SDA-related targets. The top five bioactive ingredients were identified as pivotal ingredients, which included quercetin, candletoxin A, palmidin A, kaempferol, and beta-sitosterol. Besides, 35 HUB genes were obtained from the PPI network, namely, TP53, AKT1, MAPK1, JUN, HSP90AA1, TNF, RELA, IL6, CXCL8, EGFR, etcetera. GO biological process analysis indicated that HUB genes were related to bacteria, transferase, cell differentiation, and steroid. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the potential mechanism might be associated with IL-17 and MAPK signaling pathways. Molecular docking results supported these findings. H&E and Masson staining proved that WMW could reduce airway inflammation and remodeling of model rats, which might be related to the downward expression of IL-8 proved by IHC staining and real-time PCR. Conclusion WMW could be a complementary and alternative therapy for SDA by reducing airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Lyu
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyi Chen
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Qin
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hou
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiyang Huang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Shao
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Gong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guirui Huang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Cui
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Classical swine fever virus NS4B protein interacts with MAVS and inhibits IL-8 expression in PAMs. Virus Res 2022; 307:198622. [PMID: 34762991 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection causes a severe disease of pigs, resulting in significant economic losses. The CSFV NS4B protein is crucial for viral replication and pathogenicity. Interleukin 8 (IL-8), a main chemokine, is induced by multiple cell types and plays an essential role in host defense mechanisms against numerous viruses. It has been reported that NS4A of CSFV is involved in the induction of IL-8 expression in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells. However, the effect of CSFV NS4B on IL-8 expression is unknown. In this study, we showed that CSFV NS4B inhibited IL-8 expression in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), and NS4B inhibited mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-induced IL-8 expression. Moreover, CSFV NS4B interacted with MAVS. However, NS4B did not alter MAVS expression. Subsequently, we demonstrated that IRF3 knockdown or NF-κB inhibition reduced MAVS-induced IL-8 expression. Furthermore, the IRF3 and NF-κB pathways were activated by MAVS expression. However, CSFV NS4B inhibited MAVS-mediated NF-κB activation and IRF3 expression. Finally, CSFV NS4B inhibited IRF3 expression. Our findings reveal that CSFV NS4B interacts with MAVS and inhibits IL-8 expression by blocking the activation of IRF3 and NF-κB. Taken together, this study provides insights into the mechanism of NS4B-inhibited IL-8 expression.
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Li TW, Kenney AD, Park JG, Fiches GN, Liu H, Zhou D, Biswas A, Zhao W, Que J, Santoso N, Martinez-Sobrido L, Yount JS, Zhu J. SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 protein associates with IMPDH2 and activates NF-κB signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007089. [PMID: 36177032 PMCID: PMC9513374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to NF-κB activation and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the underlying mechanism for this activation is not fully understood. Our results reveal that the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 protein contributes to the viral activation of NF-κB signaling. Nsp14 caused the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Nsp14 induced the upregulation of IL-6 and IL-8, which also occurred in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. IL-8 upregulation was further confirmed in lung tissue samples from COVID-19 patients. A previous proteomic screen identified the putative interaction of Nsp14 with host Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), which is known to regulate NF-κB signaling. We confirmed the Nsp14-IMPDH2 protein interaction and identified that IMPDH2 knockdown or chemical inhibition using ribavirin (RIB) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) abolishes Nsp14- mediated NF-κB activation and cytokine induction. Furthermore, IMPDH2 inhibitors (RIB, MPA) or NF-κB inhibitors (bortezomib, BAY 11-7082) restricted SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating that IMPDH2-mediated activation of NF-κB signaling is beneficial to viral replication. Overall, our results identify a novel role of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 in inducing NF-κB activation through IMPDH2 to promote viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Adam D. Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jun-Gyu Park
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Guillaume N. Fiches
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Helu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dawei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ayan Biswas
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Weiqiang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Netty Santoso
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Jacob S. Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jian Zhu,
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Lu D, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Anwar Khan F, Chen Y, Hu C, Yang L, Chen H, Guo A. Secreted MbovP0145 Promotes IL-8 Expression through Its Interactive β-Actin and MAPK Activation and Contributes to Neutrophil Migration. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121628. [PMID: 34959583 PMCID: PMC8707762 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an important pathogen of cattle responsible for huge economic losses in the dairy and beef industries worldwide. The proteins secreted by M. bovis are mainly related to its adhesion, invasion, virulence, and intracellular survival and play a role in mycoplasma-host interactions. In our previous study, we found MbovP0145, a secreted protein present in the M. bovis secretome, but little is known about its function. In this study, we assessed the inflammatory characteristics and underlined mechanism of this inflammation of recombinant MbovP0145 (rMbovP0145). For this, bovine lung epithelial cells (EBL) were stimulated by rMbovP0145 to see the IL-8 production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We observed that rMbovP0145 increased the production of IL-8 via ERK1/2 and P38 pathway activation. Further, the effect of the M. bovis ΔMbov_0145 mutant and its complementary strain on IL-8 mRNA expression was also confirmed. A pulldown assay of the GST-tagged MbovP0145 protein with mass spectrometry demonstrated that β-actin could specifically interact with rMbovP0145 to mediate the IL-8 signaling. As knockdown of β-actin expression with RNA interference in EBL cells decreased the mRNA expression of IL-8 and the phosphorylated ERK1/2 and P38 proteins, whereas disrupted actin polymerization by cytochalasin D led to a significantly higher IL-8 expression and MAPK phosphorylation in rMbovP0145-stimulated cells. Compared to M. bovis HB0801 and its complementary strain, the culture supernatant of EBL cells infected with the M. bovis ΔMbov_0145 mutant induced less neutrophil migration to the lower chamber in a transwell system. In conclusion, MbovP0145 promoted IL-8 expression by interacting with β-actin through activation of the MAPK pathway, thus contributing to neutrophil migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doukun Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Farhan Anwar Khan
- Department of Animal Health, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87287115
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Akter A, Caldwell JM, Pighetti GM, Shepherd EA, Okafor CC, Eckelkamp EA, Edwards JL, Schneider LG. Hematological and immunological responses to naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease in newly received beef calves in a commercial stocker farm. J Anim Sci 2021; 100:6460478. [PMID: 34902025 PMCID: PMC8846332 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine temporal changes in hematological and immune parameters in response to naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in commercially managed stocker calves. Forty newly weaned beef steers purchased from auction markets were housed at a commercial stocker operation in Crossville, TN. Blood samples, rectal temperature, and thoracic ultrasonography (TUS; 1: normal to 3: severe) were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Castration status (FC: freshly castrated; PC: previously castrated) was determined on arrival based on presence of a fresh castration site at the scrotum. Calves received antibiotics for BRD based on clinical severity scoring (CSS; 0: moribund, 4: moribund) and rectal temperature. Complete blood counts (CBC) were performed. Calves were categorized based on the number of treatments (NumTrt) received (0x, 1x, and 2x). Temporal variations in CBC and immune parameters were analyzed using mixed model repeated measure ANOVA (Proc GLIMMIX; SAS 9.4). Variation of CBCs and immune parameters based on TUS was determined using mixed model ANOVA. There was a NumTrt by day interaction effect on the responses of white blood cells (WBC) (P = 0.04) and haptoglobin (HPT) (P = 0.04). On day 21, WBC were greater in the 2x NumTrt group than other groups, but there were no differences in WBC between NumTrt levels on other days. Haptoglobin was greater in the 2x group on days 14 and 21 than 0x or 1x. Red blood cells (RBC) (P = 0.02) and WBC (P = 0.04) differed between FC and PC groups, and lower RBC and WBC were observed in the FC group. A castration status × day effect for mean corpuscular volume (MCV; P = 0.04) was observed where FC group had higher MCV at days 14 and 21 than the PC group. Tumor necrosis factor-α differed based on NumTrt (P = 0.03) and higher concentrations were found in 2x group. We observed a day effect for IL-1β (P = 0.009) and TNF-α (P = 0.001). Significant effect of TUS on HPT at day 14 (P = 0.0004) and day 21 (P = 0.002) was observed. Combining HPT and platelet explained 15% of the variability in treatment status on a given day, whereas HPT and hemoglobin explained 10% of the variability in lung consolidation status. Although hematological and immunological parameters varied largely in our study, the potential of combining HPT with hematological variables should be studied further. Results from this study would help in understanding temporal changes in CBC and immune parameters in newly received stocker cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroza Akter
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - James M Caldwell
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Gina M Pighetti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | | | - Chika C Okafor
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | | | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Liesel G Schneider
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA,Corresponding author:
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Elevated Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1β, Early Predictors of Severe COVID-19. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112259. [PMID: 34835384 PMCID: PMC8624589 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral and host immune kinetics during acute COVID-19 and after remission of acute symptoms need better characterization. SARS-CoV-2 RNA, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies, and proinflammatory cytokines were measured in sequential samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients during acute infection and six months following diagnosis. Twenty four laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients with mild/moderate and severe COVID-19 were included. Most were males (83%) with a median age of 61 years. Twenty one percent were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and eight of them (33.3%) met the criteria for severe COVID-19 disease. A delay in SARS-CoV-2 levels’ decline during the first six days of follow up, and viral load persistence until month 3 were related to severe COVID-19, but not viral load levels at the diagnosis. Higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, IgG and the cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and MIP-1β at the diagnosis time were related to the severe COVID-19 outcome. Higher levels of MIP-1β, IL-1β, MIP-1α and IFN-γ were observed at month 1 and 3 during mild/moderate disease, compared to severe COVID-19. IgG persisted at low levels after six months of diagnosis. In conclusion, higher concentrations of IgA, IgM, and IgG, and IL-6, IL-8 and MIP-1β are identified as early predictors of COVID-19 severity, whereas no significant association is found between baseline SARS-COV-2 viral load and COVID-19 severity.
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Fouad MM, Ramadan MA. Serum intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and interleukin-8 as predictors of pulmonary impairment among workers in secondary copper smelters. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 95:365-375. [PMID: 34609586 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Copper smelter workers are exposed to harmful chemical agents in dust and fumes which contain harmful metals such as copper and arsenic. These substances are known to be respiratory irritants. METHODS This study aimed at investigating the effect of occupational exposure to copper and arsenic on the respiratory system. A group of 75 male exposed workers, and 75 male administrative employees (control group) were recruited from a secondary copper smelting factory. Full history, complete clinical examination, ventilatory function parameters (FVC, FEV1, FVC/FEV1 and FEF), and chest X-ray were done for both groups. Serum levels of ICAM-1 and IL8 (as markers of epithelial injury) were measured by ELISA. Serum copper and arsenic were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. RESULTS The exposed group was associated with increased respiratory symptoms, higher serum copper, arsenic, and ICAM-1and Il-8 as compared to the control group. There was a significant decrease in ventilatory parameters among the exposed group: 58.7% of the exposed group had restrictive lung impairment, 40% had obstructive impairment. In the exposed group a positive correlation between serum copper, arsenic and serum ICAM and IL8 was found. While a negative correlation was observed between both serum ICAM, IL8 and ventilatory parameters among the exposed group. Moreover, 36% of the exposed group had radiological infiltrates on chest X.ray. CONCLUSION Occupational exposure to copper and arsenic was associated with ventilatory and radiological impairment, with a corresponding increase in the serum level of ICAM-1 and IL8, which can be used as biomarkers for pulmonary impairment among copper smelter workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mohammed Fouad
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Abdallah Ramadan
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Salminen AT, Tithof J, Izhiman Y, Masters EA, McCloskey MC, Gaborski TR, Kelley DH, Pietropaoli AP, Waugh RE, McGrath JL. Endothelial cell apicobasal polarity coordinates distinct responses to luminally versus abluminally delivered TNF-α in a microvascular mimetic. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 12:275-289. [PMID: 33164044 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are an active component of the immune system and interact directly with inflammatory cytokines. While ECs are known to be polarized cells, the potential role of apicobasal polarity in response to inflammatory mediators has been scarcely studied. Acute inflammation is vital in maintaining healthy tissue in response to infection; however, chronic inflammation can lead to the production of systemic inflammatory cytokines and deregulated leukocyte trafficking, even in the absence of a local infection. Elevated levels of cytokines in circulation underlie the pathogenesis of sepsis, the leading cause of intensive care death. Because ECs constitute a key barrier between circulation (luminal interface) and tissue (abluminal interface), we hypothesize that ECs respond differentially to inflammatory challenge originating in the tissue versus circulation as in local and systemic inflammation, respectively. To begin this investigation, we stimulated ECs abluminally and luminally with the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) to mimic a key feature of local and systemic inflammation, respectively, in a microvascular mimetic (μSiM-MVM). Polarized IL-8 secretion and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) transmigration were quantified to characterize the EC response to luminal versus abluminal TNF-α. We observed that ECs uniformly secrete IL-8 in response to abluminal TNF-α and is followed by PMN transmigration. The response to abluminal treatment was coupled with the formation of ICAM-1-rich membrane ruffles on the apical surface of ECs. In contrast, luminally stimulated ECs secreted five times more IL-8 into the luminal compartment than the abluminal compartment and sequestered PMNs on the apical EC surface. Our results identify clear differences in the response of ECs to TNF-α originating from the abluminal versus luminal side of a monolayer for the first time and may provide novel insight into future inflammatory disease intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec T Salminen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Tithof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yara Izhiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Elysia A Masters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Molly C McCloskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas R Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Douglas H Kelley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anthony P Pietropaoli
- Medicine, Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Richard E Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Cazzola M, Ora J, Cavalli F, Rogliani P, Matera MG. An Overview of the Safety and Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Biologics 2021; 15:363-374. [PMID: 34475751 PMCID: PMC8407524 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s295409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several mAbs have been tested or are currently under clinical evaluation for the treatment of COPD. They can be subdivided into those that aim to block specific pro-inflammatory and pro-neutrophilic cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL8 and IL-1β, and those that act on T2-mediated inflammation, respectively, by blocking IL-5 and/or its receptor, preventing IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, affecting IL-33 pathway and blocking TSLP. None of these approaches has proved to be effective, probably because in COPD there is no dominant cytokine or chemokine and, therefore, a single mAb cannot be effective on all pathways. With a more in-depth understanding of the numerous pheno/endotypic pathways that play a role in COPD, it may eventually be possible to identify those specific patients in whom some of these cytokines or chemokines might predominate. In this case, it will be possible to implement a personalized treatment, but the use of each mAb will only be reserved for a very limited number of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Josuel Ora
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavalli
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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O'Farrell HE, Brown R, Brown Z, Milijevic B, Ristovski ZD, Bowman RV, Fong KM, Vaughan A, Yang IA. E-cigarettes induce toxicity comparable to tobacco cigarettes in airway epithelium from patients with COPD. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 75:105204. [PMID: 34186184 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health effects of e-cigarettes in patients with pre-existing lung disease are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether aerosols from a fourth-generation e-cigarette produces similar in-vitro cytotoxic, DNA damage and inflammatory effects on bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) from patients with COPD, as cigarette smoke. METHODS BECs from patients with COPD who underwent surgery for lung cancer and comparator (immortalised 16HBE) cells were grown at air liquid interface (ALI). BECs were exposed to aerosols from a JUUL® e-cigarette (Virginia Tobacco and Menthol pods at 5% nicotine strength) or reference 3R4F cigarette for 30 min at ALI. Cell cytotoxicity, DNA damage and inflammation were measured. RESULTS In response to the Virginia Tobacco and Menthol flavoured e-cigarette aerosols, COPD BECs showed comparable LDH release (cell cytotoxicity, p = 0.59, p = 0.67 respectively), DNA damage (p = 0.41, p = 0.51) and inflammation (IL-8, p = 0.20, p = 0.89 and IL-6, p = 0.24, p = 0.93), to cigarette smoke. 16HBE cells also showed comparable cellular responses to cigarette smoke. CONCLUSION In airway cells from patients with COPD, aerosols from a fourth-generation e-cigarette were associated with similar toxicity to cigarette smoke. These results have potential implications for the safety of e-cigarette use in patients with lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E O'Farrell
- The University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Reece Brown
- ILAQH, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zac Brown
- ILAQH, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Branka Milijevic
- ILAQH, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zoran D Ristovski
- ILAQH, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rayleen V Bowman
- The University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kwun M Fong
- The University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Annalicia Vaughan
- The University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian A Yang
- The University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Tanu T, Taniue K, Imamura K, Onoguchi-Mizutani R, Han H, Jensen TH, Akimitsu N. hnRNPH1-MTR4 complex-mediated regulation of NEAT1v2 stability is critical for IL8 expression. RNA Biol 2021; 18:537-547. [PMID: 34470577 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1971439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are localized in the nucleus and play important roles in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and antiviral response. Yet, it remains unclear how some nuclear lncRNAs are turned over. Here we show that the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNPH1) controls expression levels of NEAT1v2, a lncRNA involved in the formation of nuclear paraspeckles. hnRNPH1 associates, in an RNA-independent manner, with the RNA helicase MTR4/MTREX, an essential co-factor of the nuclear ribonucleolytic RNA exosome. hnRNPH1 localizes in nuclear speckles and depletion of hnRNPH1 enhances NEAT1v2-mediated expression of the IL8 mRNA, encoding a cytokine involved in the innate immune response. Taken together, our results indicate that the hnRNPH1-MTR4 linkage regulates IL8 expression through the degradation of NEAT1v2 RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzina Tanu
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzui Taniue
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Imamura
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Han Han
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Torben Heick Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Fang Z, Yi F, Peng Y, Zhang JJ, Zhang L, Deng Z, Chen F, Li C, He Y, Huang C, Zhang Q, Lai K, Xie J. Inhibition of TRPA1 reduces airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in mice with allergic rhinitis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21428. [PMID: 33774861 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902627r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist (HC-030031) can reduce airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine allergic rhinitis (AR) model. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA) to induce AR. HC-030031 or vehicle was administrated to mice via intraperitoneal injection prior to OVA challenges. Nose-scratching events, histopathologic alterations of the airways, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) were assessed. Differential cells and proinflammatory cytokines in the nasal lavage (NAL) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were measured. Expressions of TRPA1 in nasal mucosa were examined by immunohistochemistry. TRPA1-expressing vagal neurons were labeled by immunofluorescent staining. HC-030031-treated AR mice had markedly reduced type-2 inflammation in nasal mucosa and ameliorated-nose-scratching events than AR mice received vehicle. HC-030031 treatment also dramatically reduced leucocyte numbers and IL-8 level in the BAL fluid, inhibited lower airway remodeling and fibrosis, and nearly abolished BHR. HC-0300031 treatment significantly inhibited the upregulated number of TRPA1 expressing nasal epithelial cells and TRPA1 expressing sensory neurons, leading to downregulation of SP in both upper and lower airways. Targeting TRPA1 may represent a promising strategy for treating AR and AR-related asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Global Health Institute, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Liting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fagui Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Chenhui Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaowei He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kefang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Xie
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kyriakopoulos C, Gogali A, Bartziokas K, Kostikas K. Identification and treatment of T2-low asthma in the era of biologics. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00309-2020. [PMID: 34109244 PMCID: PMC8181790 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00309-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, and based on the development of relevant biologic therapies, T2-high is the most well-defined endotype of asthma. Although much progress has been made in elucidating T2-high inflammation pathways, no specific clinically applicable biomarkers for T2-low asthma have been identified. The therapeutic approach of T2-low asthma is a problem urgently needing resolution, firstly because these patients have poor response to steroids, and secondly because they are not candidates for the newer targeted biologic agents. Thus, there is an unmet need for the identification of biomarkers that can help the diagnosis and endotyping of T2-low asthma. Ongoing investigation is focusing on neutrophilic airway inflammation mediators as therapeutic targets, including interleukin (IL)-8, IL-17, IL-1, IL-6, IL-23 and tumour necrosis factor-α; molecules that target restoration of corticosteroid sensitivity, mainly mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors; phosphodiesterase (PDE)3 inhibitors that act as bronchodilators and PDE4 inhibitors that have an anti-inflammatory effect; and airway smooth muscle mass attenuation therapies, mainly for patients with paucigranulocytic inflammation. This article aims to review the evidence for noneosinophilic inflammation being a target for therapy in asthma; discuss current and potential future therapeutic approaches, such as novel molecules and biologic agents; and assess clinical trials of licensed drugs in the treatment of T2-low asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Kyriakopoulos
- Respiratory Medicine Dept, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athena Gogali
- Respiratory Medicine Dept, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Kostikas
- Respiratory Medicine Dept, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
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Li T, Kenney AD, Liu H, Fiches GN, Zhou D, Biswas A, Que J, Santoso N, Yount JS, Zhu J. SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 activates NF-κB signaling and induces IL-8 upregulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.05.26.445787. [PMID: 34075374 PMCID: PMC8168382 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.26.445787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to NF-κB activation and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the underlying mechanism for this activation is not fully understood. Our results reveal that the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 protein contributes to the viral activation of NF-κB signaling. Nsp14 caused the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Nsp14 induced the upregulation of IL-6 and IL-8, which also occurred in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. IL-8 upregulation was further confirmed in lung tissue samples from COVID-19 patients. A previous proteomic screen identified the putative interaction of Nsp14 with host Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) protein, which is known to regulate NF-κB signaling. We confirmed the Nsp14-IMPDH2 protein interaction and found that IMPDH2 knockdown or chemical inhibition using ribavirin (RIB) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) abolishes Nsp14-mediated NF-κB activation and cytokine induction. Furthermore, IMDPH2 inhibitors (RIB, MPA) efficiently blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating that IMDPH2, and possibly NF-κB signaling, is beneficial to viral replication. Overall, our results identify a novel role of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 in causing the activation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwei Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Adam D. Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Helu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Guillaume N. Fiches
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dawei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ayan Biswas
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Netty Santoso
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jacob S. Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Hervet C, Boullier J, Guiadeur M, Michel L, Brun-Lafleur L, Aupiais A, Zhu J, Mounaix B, Meurens F, Renois F, Assié S. Appeasing Pheromones against Bovine Respiratory Complex and Modulation of Immune Transcript Expressions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061545. [PMID: 34070477 PMCID: PMC8229285 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease is still a major concern and has major economic impact. Another consequence of respiratory infections is the use of antimicrobial molecules to control bacterial pathogens. This can participate in the emergence and shedding of antimicrobial resistance that can threaten animal as well as human health. Appeasing pheromones with their capacity to reduce stress and thus their ability to preserve the functions of the immune system have been proposed to reduce the use of antimicrobial substances. In this study, we assessed the effect of appeasing pheromone administration on bovine health and performance during the fattening period. Zootechnical and health parameters and whole blood immune transcript expressions were measured over four weeks in bulls to determine the effect of the pheromone. We observed increased clinical signs on Day 8 (D8) and decreased clinical signs on D30 in bulls who received the pheromone and a higher expression of interleukin 8 transcripts in this group than in the control group on D8. Our results are overall in line with previous reports in livestock species. Further studies are needed to shed more light on the effect of appeasing pheromones and decipher their exact mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hervet
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, 44307 Nantes, France; (C.H.); (J.B.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Justine Boullier
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, 44307 Nantes, France; (C.H.); (J.B.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
- Institut de l’Élevage, 14310 Villers-Bocage, France;
| | | | - Léa Michel
- TERRENA Innovation, La Noëlle, 20199 Ancenis, France;
| | | | - Anne Aupiais
- Institut de l’Élevage, 35652 Le Rheu, France; (L.B.-L.); (A.A.); (B.M.)
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Béatrice Mounaix
- Institut de l’Élevage, 35652 Le Rheu, France; (L.B.-L.); (A.A.); (B.M.)
| | - François Meurens
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, 44307 Nantes, France; (C.H.); (J.B.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-240-68-77-02
| | - Fanny Renois
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, 44307 Nantes, France; (C.H.); (J.B.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Sébastien Assié
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, 44307 Nantes, France; (C.H.); (J.B.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
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SARS-CoV-2 induces double-stranded RNA-mediated innate immune responses in respiratory epithelial-derived cells and cardiomyocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022643118. [PMID: 33811184 PMCID: PMC8072330 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022643118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 emergence in late 2019 led to the COVID-19 pandemic that has had devastating effects on human health and the economy. While early innate immune responses are essential for protection against virus invasion and inadequate responses are associated with severe COVID-19 disease, gaps remain in our knowledge about the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with host antiviral pathways. We characterized the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in relevant respiratory tract-derived cells and cardiomyocytes and found that SARS-CoV-2 activates two antiviral pathways, oligoadenylate synthetase–ribonuclease L and protein kinase R, while inducing minimal levels of interferon. This is in contrast to Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV, which inhibits all three pathways. Activation of these pathways may contribute to the distinctive pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Coronaviruses are adept at evading host antiviral pathways induced by viral double-stranded RNA, including interferon (IFN) signaling, oligoadenylate synthetase–ribonuclease L (OAS-RNase L), and protein kinase R (PKR). While dysregulated or inadequate IFN responses have been associated with severe coronavirus infection, the extent to which the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 activates or antagonizes these pathways is relatively unknown. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infects patient-derived nasal epithelial cells, present at the initial site of infection; induced pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar type 2 cells (iAT2), the major cell type infected in the lung; and cardiomyocytes (iCM), consistent with cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19 disease. Robust activation of IFN or OAS-RNase L is not observed in these cell types, whereas PKR activation is evident in iAT2 and iCM. In SARS-CoV-2–infected Calu-3 and A549ACE2 lung-derived cell lines, IFN induction remains relatively weak; however, activation of OAS-RNase L and PKR is observed. This is in contrast to Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, which effectively inhibits IFN signaling and OAS-RNase L and PKR pathways, but is similar to mutant MERS-CoV lacking innate immune antagonists. Remarkably, OAS-RNase L and PKR are activated in MAVS knockout A549ACE2 cells, demonstrating that SARS-CoV-2 can induce these host antiviral pathways despite minimal IFN production. Moreover, increased replication and cytopathic effect in RNASEL knockout A549ACE2 cells implicates OAS-RNase L in restricting SARS-CoV-2. Finally, while SARS-CoV-2 fails to antagonize these host defense pathways, which contrasts with other coronaviruses, the IFN signaling response is generally weak. These host–virus interactions may contribute to the unique pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Gjaerde LK, Brooks PT, Andersen NS, Friis LS, Kornblit B, Petersen SL, Schjødt I, Nielsen SD, Ostrowski SR, Sengeløv H. Functional immune reconstitution early after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation: A comparison of pre- and post-transplantation cytokine responses in stimulated whole blood. Scand J Immunol 2021; 94:e13042. [PMID: 33772836 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to use a novel standardized whole-blood stimulation system to evaluate differences in the functional immune reconstitution in patients early after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Between April and September 2018, 30 patients undergoing HCT had whole blood samples collected around day -21 (day 0 being the day of haematopoietic cell infusion) and day +28. Whole blood was transferred to TruCulture assays comprising prefilled incubation tubes with cell culture medium and a standardized stimulus. We used a panel of four stimuli (lipopolysaccharide, resiquimod, heat-killed Candida albicans and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid) and a blank, designed to evaluate the function of critical extra- and intracellular immunological signalling pathways. For each stimulus, the cytokine response was assessed by the concentration of interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17A and tumour necrosis factor-α using a multiplex Luminex assay. Pre-HCT cytokine responses were globally decreased across several different stimuli. Despite patients receiving immunosuppressive prophylaxis at the time, post-HCT cytokine responses were higher and less intercorrelated than pre-HCT responses, also after adjusting for differences in the leukocyte differential counts. For the resiquimod and heat-killed Candida albicans stimuli, we identified a cluster of patients in whom post-HCT responses were lower than average across several cytokines, indicating a possible functional immune deficiency. Our findings suggest that the standardized whole blood stimulation system can be used to reveal heterogeneity in the in vitro cytokine responses to various stimuli after HCT. Larger studies are needed to address if the functional immune reconstitution after HCT can predict the risk of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Klingen Gjaerde
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick Terrence Brooks
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Smedegaard Andersen
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Smidstrup Friis
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian Kornblit
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Lykke Petersen
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Schjødt
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Denmark of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Sengeløv
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gerlza T, Nagele M, Mihalic Z, Trojacher C, Kungl A. Glycosaminoglycans located on neutrophils and monocytes impact on CXCL8- and CCL2-induced cell migration. Cytokine 2021; 142:155503. [PMID: 33781652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of glycosaminoglycans on the surface of immune cells has so far been less studied compared to their participation in inflammatory responses as members of the endothelium and the extracellular matrix. In this study we have therefore investigated if glycosaminoglycans on immune cells act in concert with GPC receptors (i.e. both being cis-located on leukocytes) in chemokine-induced leukocyte mobilisation. For this purpose, freshly-prepared human neutrophils and monocytes were treated with heparinase III or chondroitinase ABC to digest heparan sulfate -chains or chondroitin sulfate-chains, respectively, from the leukocyte surfaces. Subsequent analysis of CXCL8- and CCL2-induced chemotaxis revealed that leukocyte migration was strongly reduced after eliminating heparan sulfate from the surface of neutrophils and monocytes. In the case of monocytes, an additional dependence of CCL2-induced chemotaxis on chondroitin sulfate was observed. We compared these results with the effect on chemotaxis of a heparan sulfate masking antibody and obtained similarly reduced migration. Following our findings, we postulate that glycosaminoglycans located on target leukocytes act synergistically with GPC receptors on immune cell migration, which is further influenced by glycosaminoglycans located on the inflamed tissue (i.e. trans with respect to the immune cell/GPC receptor). Both glycosaminoglycan localization sites seem to be important during inflammatory processes and could potentially be tackled in chemokine-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Gerlza
- Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Margareta Nagele
- Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Zala Mihalic
- Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Trojacher
- Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Kungl
- Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Antagonis Biotherapeutics GmbH, Strasserhofweg 77a, A-8045 Graz, Austria.
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Taghavi S, Jackson-Weaver O, Abdullah S, Goldberg A, Lawicki S, Killackey M, Duchesne J, Pociask D, Steele C, Kolls J. A Comparison of Growth Factors and Cytokines in Fresh Frozen Plasma and Never Frozen Plasma. J Surg Res 2021; 264:51-57. [PMID: 33773321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) contains proinflammatory mediators released from cellular debris during frozen storage. In addition, recent studies have shown that transfusion of never-frozen plasma (NFP), instead of FFP, may be superior in trauma patients. We hypothesized that FFP would have higher levels of inflammatory mediators when compared to NFP. MATERIALS AND METHODS FFP (n = 8) and NFP (n = 8) samples were obtained from an urban, level 1 trauma center blood bank. The cytokines in these samples were compared using a Milliplex (Milliplex Sigma) human cytokine magnetic bead panel multiplex assay for 41 different biomarkers. RESULTS Growth factors that were higher in NFP included platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA; 8.09 versus 108.00 pg/mL, P < 0.001) and PDGF-AB (0.00 versus 215.20, P= 0.004). Soluble CD40-ligand (sCD40L), a platelet activator and pro-coagulant, was higher in NFP (31.81 versus 80.45 pg/mL, P< 0.001). RANTES, a leukocyte chemotactic cytokine was higher in NFP (26.19 versus 1418.00 pg/mL, P< 0.001). Interleukin-4 (5.70 versus 0.00 pg/mL, P= 0.03) and IL-8 (2.20 versus 0.52 pg/ml, P= 0.03) levels were higher in were higher in FFP. CONCLUSIONS Frozen storage of plasma may result in decrease of several growth factors and/or pro-coagulants found in NFP. In addition, the freezing and thawing process may induce release of pro-inflammatory chemokines. Further studies are needed to determine if these cytokines result in improved outcomes with NFP over FFP in transfusion of trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharven Taghavi
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Orleans, Louisiana.
| | - Olan Jackson-Weaver
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sarah Abdullah
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Amy Goldberg
- Temple University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Philadelphia, Pennyslvania
| | - Shaun Lawicki
- Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mary Killackey
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Juan Duchesne
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Derek Pociask
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Chad Steele
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jay Kolls
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Dutta N, Lillehoj PB, Estrela P, Dutta G. Electrochemical Biosensors for Cytokine Profiling: Recent Advancements and Possibilities in the Near Future. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:94. [PMID: 33806879 PMCID: PMC8004910 DOI: 10.3390/bios11030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble proteins secreted by immune cells that act as molecular messengers relaying instructions and mediating various functions performed by the cellular counterparts of the immune system, by means of a synchronized cascade of signaling pathways. Aberrant expression of cytokines can be indicative of anomalous behavior of the immunoregulatory system, as seen in various illnesses and conditions, such as cancer, autoimmunity, neurodegeneration and other physiological disorders. Cancer and autoimmune diseases are particularly adept at developing mechanisms to escape and modulate the immune system checkpoints, reflected by an altered cytokine profile. Cytokine profiling can provide valuable information for diagnosing such diseases and monitoring their progression, as well as assessing the efficacy of immunotherapeutic regiments. Toward this goal, there has been immense interest in the development of ultrasensitive quantitative detection techniques for cytokines, which involves technologies from various scientific disciplines, such as immunology, electrochemistry, photometry, nanotechnology and electronics. This review focusses on one aspect of this collective effort: electrochemical biosensors. Among the various types of biosensors available, electrochemical biosensors are one of the most reliable, user-friendly, easy to manufacture, cost-effective and versatile technologies that can yield results within a short period of time, making it extremely promising for routine clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmita Dutta
- School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India;
| | - Peter B. Lillehoj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
| | - Pedro Estrela
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio) and Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gorachand Dutta
- School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India;
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Hall TJ, Hughes EAB, Sajjad H, Kuehne SA, Grant MM, Grover LM, Cox SC. Formulation of a reactive oxygen producing calcium sulphate cement as an anti-bacterial hard tissue scaffold. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4491. [PMID: 33627825 PMCID: PMC7904759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic antibiotic bone cements are extensively used in orthopaedics. However, the development of antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics, demonstrates a need to find alternative treatments. Herein, an antimicrobial honey (SurgihoneyRO-SHRO) has been successfully incorporated into a calcium sulphate (CS) based cement to produce a hard tissue scaffold with the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. Antimicrobial properties elicited from SHRO are predominantly owed to the water-initiated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As an alternative to initially loading CS cement with SHRO, in order to prevent premature activation, SHRO was added into the already developing cement matrix, locking available water into the CS crystal structure before SHRO addition. Promisingly, this methodology produced > 2.5 times (715.0 ± 147.3 μM/mL/g) more ROS over 24 h and exhibited a compressive strength (32.2 ± 5.8 MPa) comparable to trabecular bone after 3 weeks of immersion. In-vitro the SHRO loaded CS scaffolds were shown to inhibit growth of clinically relevant organisms, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with comparable potency to equivalent doses of gentamicin. Encouragingly, formulations did not inhibit wound healing or induce an inflammatory response from osteoblasts. Overall this study highlights the prophylactic potential of CS-SHRO cements as an alternative to traditional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hall
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Erik A B Hughes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, Northern Ireland, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Hamzah Sajjad
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sarah A Kuehne
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, Northern Ireland, UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Melissa M Grant
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, Northern Ireland, UK
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Mulchandani R, Lyngdoh T, Kakkar AK. Deciphering the COVID-19 cytokine storm: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13429. [PMID: 33058143 PMCID: PMC7646004 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus pandemic has affected more than 20 million people so far. Elevated cytokines and suppressed immune responses have been hypothesized to set off a cytokine storm, contributing to ARDS, multiple-organ failure and, in the most severe cases, death. We aimed to quantify the differences in the circulating levels of major inflammatory and immunological markers between severe and nonsevere COVID-19 patients. METHODS Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS and preprint servers. Risk of bias was assessed for each study, using appropriate checklists. All studies were described qualitatively and a subset was included in the meta-analysis, using forest plots. RESULTS Based on 23 studies, mean cytokine levels were significantly higher (IL-6: MD, 19.55 pg/mL; CI, 14.80, 24.30; IL-8: MD, 19.18 pg/mL; CI, 2.94, 35.43; IL-10: MD, 3.66 pg/mL; CI, 2.41, 4.92; IL-2R: MD, 521.36 U/mL; CI, 87.15, 955.57; and TNF-alpha: MD, 1.11 pg/mL; CI, 0.07, 2.15) and T-lymphocyte levels were significantly lower (CD4+ T cells: MD, -165.28 cells/µL; CI, -207.58, -122.97; CD8+ T cells: MD, -106.51 cells/µL; CI, -128.59, -84.43) among severe cases as compared to nonsevere ones. There was heterogeneity across studies due to small sample sizes and nonuniformity in outcome assessment and varied definitions of disease severity. The overall quality of studies was sub-optimal. CONCLUSION Severe COVID-19 is characterized by significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced T lymphocytes. Well-designed and adequately powered prospective studies are needed to amplify the current evidence and provide definitive answers to dilemmas regarding timing and type of anti-COVID-19 therapy particularly in severe patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Mulchandani
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | - Tanica Lyngdoh
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
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Lee J, Lu Y, Oshins R, West J, Moneypenny CG, Han K, Brantly ML. Alpha 1 Antitrypsin-Deficient Macrophages Have Impaired Efferocytosis of Apoptotic Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574410. [PMID: 33329539 PMCID: PMC7714766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an autosomal co-dominant disorder characterized by a low level of circulating AAT, which significantly reduces protection for the lower airways against proteolytic burden caused by neutrophils. Neutrophils, which are terminally differentiated innate immune cells and play a critical role to clear pathogens, accumulate excessively in the lung of AATD individuals. The neutrophil burden in AATD individuals increases the risk for early-onset destructive lung diseases by producing neutrophil products such as reactive oxygen radicals and various proteases. The level of AAT in AATD individuals is not sufficient to inhibit the activity of neutrophil chemotactic factors such as CXCL-8 and LTB4, which could lead to alveolar neutrophil accumulation in AATD individuals. However, as neutrophils have a short lifespan, and apoptotic neutrophils are rapidly cleared by alveolar macrophages that outnumber the apoptotic neutrophils in the pulmonary alveolus, the increased chemotaxis activity does not fully explain the persistent neutrophil accumulation and the resulting chronic inflammation in AATD individuals. Here, we propose that the ability of alveolar macrophages to clear apoptotic neutrophils is impaired in AATD individuals and it could be the main driver to cause neutrophil accumulation in their lung. This study demonstrates that Z-AAT variant significantly increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including CXCL-8, CXCL1, LTB4, and TNFα in LPS-treated macrophages. These cytokines play a central role in neutrophil recruitment to the lung and in clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages. Our result shows that LPS treatment significantly reduces the efferocytosis ability of macrophages with the Z-AAT allele by inducing TNFα expression. We incubated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) with apoptotic neutrophils and found that after 3 h of co-incubation, the expression level of CXCL-8 is reduced in M-MDMs but increased in Z-MDMs. This result shows that the expression of inflammatory cytokines could be increased by impaired efferocytosis. It indicates that the efferocytosis ability of macrophages plays an important role in regulating cytokine expression and resolving inflammation. Findings from this study would help us better understand the multifaceted effect of AAT on regulating neutrophil balance in the lung and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungnam Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yuanqing Lu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Regina Oshins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jesse West
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Craig G Moneypenny
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,DKU-Theragen Institute for NGS Analysis, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Mark L Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Li Y, Renner DM, Comar CE, Whelan JN, Reyes HM, Cardenas-Diaz FL, Truitt R, Tan LH, Dong B, Alysandratos KD, Huang J, Palmer JN, Adappa ND, Kohanski MA, Kotton DN, Silverman RH, Yang W, Morrisey E, Cohen NA, Weiss SR. SARS-CoV-2 induces double-stranded RNA-mediated innate immune responses in respiratory epithelial derived cells and cardiomyocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32995797 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.24.312553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses are adept at evading host antiviral pathways induced by viral double-stranded RNA, including interferon (IFN) signaling, oligoadenylate synthetase-ribonuclease L (OAS-RNase L), and protein kinase R (PKR). While dysregulated or inadequate IFN responses have been associated with severe coronavirus infection, the extent to which the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 activates or antagonizes these pathways is relatively unknown. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infects patient-derived nasal epithelial cells, present at the initial site of infection, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar type 2 cells (iAT2), the major cell type infected in the lung, and cardiomyocytes (iCM), consistent with cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19 disease. Robust activation of IFN or OAS-RNase L is not observed in these cell types, while PKR activation is evident in iAT2 and iCM. In SARS-CoV-2 infected Calu-3 and A549 ACE2 lung-derived cell lines, IFN induction remains relatively weak; however activation of OAS-RNase L and PKR is observed. This is in contrast to MERS-CoV, which effectively inhibits IFN signaling as well as OAS-RNase L and PKR pathways, but similar to mutant MERS-CoV lacking innate immune antagonists. Remarkably, both OAS-RNase L and PKR are activated in MAVS knockout A549 ACE2 cells, demonstrating that SARS-CoV-2 can induce these host antiviral pathways despite minimal IFN production. Moreover, increased replication and cytopathic effect in RNASEL knockout A549 ACE2 cells implicates OAS-RNase L in restricting SARS-CoV-2. Finally, while SARS-CoV-2 fails to antagonize these host defense pathways, which contrasts with other coronaviruses, the IFN signaling response is generally weak. These host-virus interactions may contribute to the unique pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Significance SARS-CoV-2 emergence in late 2019 led to the COVID-19 pandemic that has had devastating effects on human health and the economy. Early innate immune responses are essential for protection against virus invasion. While inadequate innate immune responses are associated with severe COVID-19 diseases, understanding of the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with host antiviral pathways is minimal. We have characterized the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infections in relevant respiratory tract derived cells and cardiomyocytes and found that SARS-CoV-2 activates two antiviral pathways, oligoadenylate synthetase-ribonuclease L (OAS-RNase L), and protein kinase R (PKR), while inducing minimal levels of interferon. This in contrast to MERS-CoV which inhibits all three pathways. Activation of these pathways may contribute to the distinctive pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Arnhold J. The Dual Role of Myeloperoxidase in Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8057. [PMID: 33137905 PMCID: PMC7663354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme protein myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a major constituent of neutrophils. As a key mediator of the innate immune system, neutrophils are rapidly recruited to inflammatory sites, where they recognize, phagocytose, and inactivate foreign microorganisms. In the newly formed phagosomes, MPO is involved in the creation and maintenance of an alkaline milieu, which is optimal in combatting microbes. Myeloperoxidase is also a key component in neutrophil extracellular traps. These helpful properties are contrasted by the release of MPO and other neutrophil constituents from necrotic cells or as a result of frustrated phagocytosis. Although MPO is inactivated by the plasma protein ceruloplasmin, it can interact with negatively charged components of serum and the extracellular matrix. In cardiovascular diseases and many other disease scenarios, active MPO and MPO-modified targets are present in atherosclerotic lesions and other disease-specific locations. This implies an involvement of neutrophils, MPO, and other neutrophil products in pathogenesis mechanisms. This review critically reflects on the beneficial and harmful functions of MPO against the background of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04 107 Leipzig, Germany
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