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Dereli AS, Oh AYS, McMullan S, Kumar NN. Galaninergic and hypercapnia-activated neuronal projections to the ventral respiratory column. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1121-1142. [PMID: 38578351 PMCID: PMC11147908 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, the ventral respiratory column (VRC) plays a pivotal role in integrating neurochemically diverse inputs from brainstem and forebrain regions to generate respiratory motor patterns. VRC microinjection of the neuropeptide galanin has been reported to dampen carbon dioxide (CO2)-mediated chemoreflex responses. Additionally, we previously demonstrated that galaninergic neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) are implicated in the adaptive response to hypercapnic stimuli, suggesting a link between RTN neuroplasticity and increased neuronal drive to the VRC. VRC neurons express galanin receptor 1, suggesting potential regulatory action by galanin, however, the precise galaninergic chemoreceptor-VRC circuitry remains to be determined. This study aimed to identify sources of galaninergic input to the VRC that contribute to central respiratory chemoreception. We employed a combination of retrograde neuronal tracing, in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry to investigate VRC-projecting neurons that synthesise galanin mRNA. In an additional series of experiments, we used acute hypercapnia exposure (10% CO2, 1 h) and c-Fos immunohistochemistry to ascertain which galaninergic nuclei projecting to the VRC are activated. Our findings reveal that a total of 30 brain nuclei and 51 subnuclei project to the VRC, with 12 of these containing galaninergic neurons, including the RTN. Among these galaninergic populations, only a subset of the RTN neurons (approximately 55%) exhibited activation in response to acute hypercapnia. Our findings highlight that the RTN is the likely source of galaninergic transmission to the VRC in response to hypercapnic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse S Dereli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alice Y S Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simon McMullan
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natasha N Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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2
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Kaur S, Lynch N, Sela Y, Lima JD, Thomas RC, Bandaru SS, Saper CB. Lateral parabrachial FoxP2 neurons regulate respiratory responses to hypercapnia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4475. [PMID: 38796568 PMCID: PMC11128025 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
About half of the neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (PB) that are activated by CO2 are located in the external lateral (el) subnucleus, express calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and cause forebrain arousal. We report here, in male mice, that most of the remaining CO2-responsive neurons in the adjacent central lateral (PBcl) and Kölliker-Fuse (KF) PB subnuclei express the transcription factor FoxP2 and many of these neurons project to respiratory sites in the medulla. PBclFoxP2 neurons show increased intracellular calcium during wakefulness and REM sleep and in response to elevated CO2 during NREM sleep. Photo-activation of the PBclFoxP2 neurons increases respiration, whereas either photo-inhibition of PBclFoxP2 or genetic deletion of PB/KFFoxP2 neurons reduces the respiratory response to CO2 stimulation without preventing awakening. Thus, augmenting the PBcl/KFFoxP2 response to CO2 in patients with sleep apnea in combination with inhibition of the PBelCGRP neurons may avoid hypoventilation and minimize EEG arousals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satvinder Kaur
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Lynch
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yaniv Sela
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janayna D Lima
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Renner C Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sathyajit S Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Korkutata M, De Luca R, Fitzgerald B, Arrigoni E, Scammell TE. Afferent projections to the Calca /CGRP-expressing parabrachial neurons in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.07.593004. [PMID: 38766214 PMCID: PMC11100666 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.593004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The parabrachial nucleus (PB), located in the dorsolateral pons, contains primarily glutamatergic neurons which regulate responses to a variety of interoceptive and cutaneous sensory signals. The lateral PB subpopulation expressing the Calca gene which produces the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) relays signals related to threatening stimuli such as hypercarbia, pain, and nausea, yet the afferents to these neurons are only partially understood. We mapped the afferent projections to the lateral part of the PB in mice using conventional cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) retrograde tracing, and then used conditional rabies virus retrograde tracing to map monosynaptic inputs specifically targeting the PB Calca /CGRP neurons. Using vesicular GABA (vGAT) and glutamate (vGLUT2) transporter reporter mice, we found that lateral PB neurons receive GABAergic afferents from regions such as the lateral part of the central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral dorsal subnucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, substantia innominata, and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. Additionally, they receive glutamatergic afferents from the infralimbic and insular cortex, paraventricular nucleus, parasubthalamic nucleus, trigeminal complex, medullary reticular nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract. Using anterograde tracing and confocal microscopy, we then identified close axonal appositions between these afferents and PB Calca /CGRP neurons. Finally, we used channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping to test whether some of these inputs directly synapse upon the PB Calca /CGRP neurons. These findings provide a comprehensive neuroanatomical framework for understanding the afferent projections regulating the PB Calca /CGRP neurons.
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Xu JH, He TH, Wang NP, Gao WM, Cheng YJ, Ji QF, Wu SH, Wei YL, Tang Y, Yang WZ, Zhang J. Thermoregulatory pathway underlying the pyrogenic effects of prostaglandin E 2 in the lateral parabrachial nucleus of male rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01289-6. [PMID: 38702500 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesized in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) is involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced fever. But the neural mechanisms of how intra-LPBN PGE2 induces fever remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether the LPBN-preoptic area (POA) pathway, the thermoafferent pathway for feed-forward thermoregulatory responses, mediates fever induced by intra-LPBN PGE2 in male rats. The core temperature (Tcore) was monitored using a temperature radiotelemetry transponder implanted in rat abdomen. We showed that microinjection of PGE2 (0.28 nmol) into the LPBN significantly enhanced the density of c-Fos-positive neurons in the median preoptic area (MnPO). The chemical lesioning of MnPO with ibotenate or selective genetic lesioning or inhibition of the LPBN-MnPO pathway significantly attenuated fever induced by intra-LPBN injection of PGE2. We demonstrated that EP3 receptor was a pivotal receptor for PGE2-induced fever, since microinjection of EP3 receptor agonist sulprostone (0.2 nmol) or EP3 receptor antagonist L-798106 (2 nmol) into the LPBN mimicked or weakened the pyrogenic action of LPBN PGE2, respectively, but this was not the case for EP4 and EP1 receptors. Whole-cell recording from acute LPBN slices revealed that the majority of MnPO-projecting neurons originating from the external lateral (el) and dorsal (d) LPBN were excited and inhibited, respectively, by PGE2 perfusion, initiating heat-gain and heat-loss mechanisms. The amplitude but not the frequency of spontaneous and miniature glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs and mEPSCs) in MnPO-projecting LPBel neurons increased after perfusion with PGE2; whereas the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) and the A-type potassium (IA) current density did not change. In MnPO-projecting LPBd neurons, neither sEPSCs nor sIPSCs responded to PGE2; however, the IA current density was significantly increased by PGE2 perfusion. These electrophysiological responses and the thermoeffector reactions to intra-LPBN PGE2 injection, including increased brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, shivering, and decreased heat dissipation, were all abolished by L-798106, and mimicked by sulprostone. These results suggest that the pyrogenic effects of intra-LPBN PGE2 are mediated by both the inhibition of the LPBd-POA pathway through the EP3 receptor-mediated activation of IA currents and the activation of the LPBel-POA pathway through the selective enhancement of glutamatergic synaptic transmission via EP3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Thermoregulation and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Tian-Hui He
- Key Laboratory of Thermoregulation and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Nan-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Thermoregulation and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Wen-Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of Thermoregulation and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Yong-Jing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Thermoregulation and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Qiao-Feng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Thermoregulation and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Si-Hao Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Yan-Lin Wei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Thermoregulation and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Wen Z Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermoregulation and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
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Chen W, Guo H, Zhou N, Mai Y, Hu T, Xu X, He T, Wen J, Qin S, Liu C, Wu W, Kim HY, Fan Y, Ge F, Guan X. Distinct eLPB ChAT projections for methamphetamine withdrawal anxiety and primed reinstatement of conditioned place preference. Theranostics 2024; 14:2881-2896. [PMID: 38773977 PMCID: PMC11103501 DOI: 10.7150/thno.95383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) withdrawal anxiety symptom and relapse have been significant challenges for clinical practice, however, the underlying neuronal basis remains unclear. Our recent research has identified a specific subpopulation of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT+) neurons localized in the external lateral portion of parabrachial nucleus (eLPBChAT), which modulates METH primed-reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP). Here, the anatomical structures and functional roles of eLPBChAT projections in METH withdrawal anxiety and primed reinstatement were further explored. Methods: In the present study, a multifaceted approach was employed to dissect the LPBChAT+ projections in male mice, including anterograde and retrograde tracing, acetylcholine (Ach) indicator combined with fiber photometry recording, photogenetic and chemogenetic regulation, as well as electrophysiological recording. METH withdrawal anxiety-like behaviors and METH-primed reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP) were assessed in male mice. Results: We identified that eLPBChAT send projections to PKCδ-positive (PKCδ+) neurons in lateral portion of central nucleus of amygdala (lCeAPKCδ) and oval portion of bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (ovBNSTPKCδ), forming eLPBChAT-lCeAPKCδ and eLPBChAT-ovBNSTPKCδ pathways. At least in part, the eLPBChAT neurons positively innervate lCeAPKCδ neurons and ovBNSTPKCδ neurons through regulating synaptic elements of presynaptic Ach release and postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). METH withdrawal anxiety and METH-primed reinstatement of CPP respectively recruit eLPBChAT-lCeAPKCδ pathway and eLPBChAT-ovBNSTPKCδ pathway in male mice. Conclusion: Our findings put new insights into the complex neural networks, especially focusing on the eLPBChAT projections. The eLPBChAT is a critical node in the neural networks governing METH withdrawal anxiety and primed-reinstatement of CPP through its projections to the lCeAPKCδ and ovBNSTPKCδ, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuning Mai
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Teng He
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Qin
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyong Liu
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhong Wu
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Ge
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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6
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Nardone S, De Luca R, Zito A, Klymko N, Nicoloutsopoulos D, Amsalem O, Brannigan C, Resch JM, Jacobs CL, Pant D, Veregge M, Srinivasan H, Grippo RM, Yang Z, Zeidel ML, Andermann ML, Harris KD, Tsai LT, Arrigoni E, Verstegen AMJ, Saper CB, Lowell BB. A spatially-resolved transcriptional atlas of the murine dorsal pons at single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1966. [PMID: 38438345 PMCID: PMC10912765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The "dorsal pons", or "dorsal pontine tegmentum" (dPnTg), is part of the brainstem. It is a complex, densely packed region whose nuclei are involved in regulating many vital functions. Notable among them are the parabrachial nucleus, the Kölliker Fuse, the Barrington nucleus, the locus coeruleus, and the dorsal, laterodorsal, and ventral tegmental nuclei. In this study, we applied single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) to resolve neuronal subtypes based on their unique transcriptional profiles and then used multiplexed error robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) to map them spatially. We sampled ~1 million cells across the dPnTg and defined the spatial distribution of over 120 neuronal subtypes. Our analysis identified an unpredicted high transcriptional diversity in this region and pinpointed the unique marker genes of many neuronal subtypes. We also demonstrated that many neuronal subtypes are transcriptionally similar between humans and mice, enhancing this study's translational value. Finally, we developed a freely accessible, GPU and CPU-powered dashboard ( http://harvard.heavy.ai:6273/ ) that combines interactive visual analytics and hardware-accelerated SQL into a data science framework to allow the scientific community to query and gain insights into the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nardone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Antonino Zito
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, The Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nataliya Klymko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Oren Amsalem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cory Brannigan
- HEAVY.AI, 100 Montgomery St Fl 5, San Francisco, California, 94104, USA
| | - Jon M Resch
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center. University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Christopher L Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deepti Pant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly Veregge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M Grippo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zongfang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark L Zeidel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth D Harris
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Linus T Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Anne M J Verstegen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mota CMD, Madden CJ. Neural circuits of long-term thermoregulatory adaptations to cold temperatures and metabolic demands. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:143-158. [PMID: 38316956 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian brain controls heat generation and heat loss mechanisms that regulate body temperature and energy metabolism. Thermoeffectors include brown adipose tissue, cutaneous blood flow and skeletal muscle, and metabolic energy sources include white adipose tissue. Neural and metabolic pathways modulating the activity and functional plasticity of these mechanisms contribute not only to the optimization of function during acute challenges, such as ambient temperature changes, infection and stress, but also to longitudinal adaptations to environmental and internal changes. Exposure of humans to repeated and seasonal cold ambient conditions leads to adaptations in thermoeffectors such as habituation of cutaneous vasoconstriction and shivering. In animals that undergo hibernation and torpor, neurally regulated metabolic and thermoregulatory adaptations enable survival during periods of significant reduction in metabolic rate. In addition, changes in diet can activate accessory neural pathways that alter thermoeffector activity. This knowledge may be harnessed for therapeutic purposes, including treatments for obesity and improved means of therapeutic hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M D Mota
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christopher J Madden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Albrechet‐Souza L, Kasten CR, Bertagna NB, Wills TA. Sex-specific negative affect-like behaviour and parabrachial nucleus activation induced by BNST stimulation in adult mice with adolescent alcohol history. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13366. [PMID: 38380710 PMCID: PMC10883599 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol use is a strong predictor for the subsequent development of alcohol use disorders later in life. Additionally, adolescence is a critical period for the onset of affective disorders, which can contribute to problematic drinking behaviours and relapse, particularly in females. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that exposure to adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) vapour alters glutamatergic transmission in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and, when combined with adult stress, elicits sex-specific changes in glutamatergic plasticity and negative affect-like behaviours in mice. Building on these findings, the current work investigated whether BNST stimulation could substitute for stress exposure to increase the latency to consume a palatable food in a novel context (hyponeophagia) and promote social avoidance in adult mice with AIE history. Given the dense connections between the BNST and the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), a region involved in mediating threat assessment and feeding behaviours, we hypothesized that increased negative affect-like behaviours would be associated with PBN activation. Our results revealed that the chemogenetic stimulation of the dorsolateral BNST induced hyponeophagia in females with AIE history, but not in female controls or males of either group. Social interaction remained unaffected in both sexes. Notably, this behavioural phenotype was associated with higher activation of calcitonin gene-related peptide and dynorphin cells in the PBN. These findings provide new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the development of negative affect in females and highlight the potential involvement of the BNST-PBN circuitry in regulating emotional responses to alcohol-related stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Albrechet‐Souza
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of MedicineLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Alcohol & Drug Center of Excellence, School of MedicineLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Chelsea R. Kasten
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of MedicineLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Natalia B. Bertagna
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of MedicineLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of PharmacologyFederal University of São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Tiffany A. Wills
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, School of MedicineLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Alcohol & Drug Center of Excellence, School of MedicineLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of MedicineLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
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9
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Matsuda T, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi K, Noda M. Two parabrachial Cck neurons involved in the feedback control of thirst or salt appetite. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113619. [PMID: 38157299 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Thirst and salt appetite are temporarily suppressed after water and salt ingestion, respectively, before absorption; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is the relay center of ingestion signals from the digestive organs. We herein identify two distinct neuronal populations expressing cholecystokinin (Cck) mRNA in the lateral PBN that are activated in response to water and salt intake, respectively. The two Cck neurons in the dorsal-lateral compartment of the PBN project to the median preoptic nucleus and ventral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, respectively. The optogenetic stimulation of respective Cck neurons suppresses thirst or salt appetite under water- or salt-depleted conditions. The combination of optogenetics and in vivo Ca2+ imaging during ingestion reveals that both Cck neurons control GABAergic neurons in their target nuclei. These findings provide the feedback mechanisms for the suppression of thirst and salt appetite after ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsuda
- Homeostatic Mechanism Research Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaharu Noda
- Homeostatic Mechanism Research Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
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10
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Yamaguchi H, Murphy KR, Fukatsu N, Sato K, Yamanaka A, de Lecea L. Dorsomedial and preoptic hypothalamic circuits control torpor. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5381-5389.e4. [PMID: 37992720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Endotherms can survive low temperatures and food shortage by actively entering a hypometabolic state known as torpor. Although the decrease in metabolic rate and body temperature (Tb) during torpor is controlled by the brain, the specific neural circuits underlying these processes have not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, we identify the neural circuits involved in torpor regulation by combining whole-brain mapping of torpor-activated neurons, cell-type-specific manipulation of neural activity, and viral tracing-based circuit mapping. We find that Trpm2-positive neurons in the preoptic area and Vgat-positive neurons in the dorsal medial hypothalamus are activated during torpor. Genetic silencing shows that the activity of either cell type is necessary to enter the torpor state. Finally, we show that these cells receive projections from the arcuate and suprachiasmatic nucleus and send projections to brain regions involved in thermoregulation. Our results demonstrate an essential role of hypothalamic neurons in the regulation of Tb and metabolic rate during torpor and identify critical nodes of the torpor regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Neural Regulation, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keith R Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Noriaki Fukatsu
- Department of System Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Sato
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | | | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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11
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Nardone S, De Luca R, Zito A, Klymko N, Nicoloutsopoulos D, Amsalem O, Brannigan C, Resch JM, Jacobs CL, Pant D, Veregge M, Srinivasan H, Grippo RM, Yang Z, Zeidel ML, Andermann ML, Harris KD, Tsai LT, Arrigoni E, Verstegen AMJ, Saper CB, Lowell BB. A spatially-resolved transcriptional atlas of the murine dorsal pons at single-cell resolution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.18.558047. [PMID: 38014113 PMCID: PMC10680649 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.558047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The "dorsal pons", or "dorsal pontine tegmentum" (dPnTg), is part of the brainstem. It is a complex, densely packed region whose nuclei are involved in regulating many vital functions. Notable among them are the parabrachial nucleus, the Kölliker Fuse, the Barrington nucleus, the locus coeruleus, and the dorsal, laterodorsal, and ventral tegmental nuclei. In this study, we applied single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) to resolve neuronal subtypes based on their unique transcriptional profiles and then used multiplexed error robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) to map them spatially. We sampled ~1 million cells across the dPnTg and defined the spatial distribution of over 120 neuronal subtypes. Our analysis identified an unpredicted high transcriptional diversity in this region and pinpointed many neuronal subtypes' unique marker genes. We also demonstrated that many neuronal subtypes are transcriptionally similar between humans and mice, enhancing this study's translational value. Finally, we developed a freely accessible, GPU and CPU-powered dashboard (http://harvard.heavy.ai:6273/) that combines interactive visual analytics and hardware-accelerated SQL into a data science framework to allow the scientific community to query and gain insights into the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nardone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Antonino Zito
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nataliya Klymko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Oren Amsalem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cory Brannigan
- HEAVY.AI, 100 Montgomery St Fl 5, San Francisco, California, 94104, USA
| | - Jon M Resch
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center. University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Christopher L Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deepti Pant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly Veregge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M Grippo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zongfang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark L Zeidel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth D Harris
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Linus T Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Anne M J Verstegen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Leva TM, Whitmire CJ. Thermosensory thalamus: parallel processing across model organisms. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1210949. [PMID: 37901427 PMCID: PMC10611468 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1210949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamus acts as an interface between the periphery and the cortex, with nearly every sensory modality processing information in the thalamocortical circuit. Despite well-established thalamic nuclei for visual, auditory, and tactile modalities, the key thalamic nuclei responsible for innocuous thermosensation remains under debate. Thermosensory information is first transduced by thermoreceptors located in the skin and then processed in the spinal cord. Temperature information is then transmitted to the brain through multiple spinal projection pathways including the spinothalamic tract and the spinoparabrachial tract. While there are fundamental studies of thermal transduction via thermosensitive channels in primary sensory afferents, thermal representation in the spinal projection neurons, and encoding of temperature in the primary cortical targets, comparatively little is known about the intermediate stage of processing in the thalamus. Multiple thalamic nuclei have been implicated in thermal encoding, each with a corresponding cortical target, but without a consensus on the role of each pathway. Here, we review a combination of anatomy, physiology, and behavioral studies across multiple animal models to characterize the thalamic representation of temperature in two proposed thermosensory information streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. Leva
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clarissa J. Whitmire
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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13
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Behrens R, Dutschmann M, Trewella M, Mazzone SB, Moe AAK. Regulation of vagally-evoked respiratory responses by the lateral parabrachial nucleus in the mouse. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 316:104141. [PMID: 37597796 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Vagal sensory inputs to the brainstem can alter breathing through the modulation of pontomedullary respiratory circuits. In this study, we set out to investigate the localised effects of modulating lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) activity on vagally-evoked changes in breathing pattern. In isoflurane-anaesthetised and instrumented mice, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve (eVNS) produced stimulation frequency-dependent changes in diaphragm electromyograph (dEMG) activity with an evoked tachypnoea and apnoea at low and high stimulation frequencies, respectively. Muscimol microinjections into the LPB significantly attenuated eVNS-evoked respiratory rate responses. Notably, muscimol injections reaching the caudal LPB, previously unrecognised for respiratory modulation, potently modulated eVNS-evoked apnoea, whilst muscimol injections reaching the intermediate LPB selectively modulated the eVNS-evoked tachypnoea. The effects of muscimol on eVNS-evoked breathing rate changes occurred without altering basal eupneic breathing. These results highlight novel roles for the LPB in regulating vagally-evoked respiratory reflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Behrens
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mathias Dutschmann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Trewella
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart B Mazzone
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Aung Aung Kywe Moe
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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14
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Warfield AE, Gupta P, Ruhmann MM, Jeffs QL, Guidone GC, Rhymes HW, Thompson MI, Todd WD. A brainstem to circadian system circuit links Tau pathology to sundowning-related disturbances in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5027. [PMID: 37596279 PMCID: PMC10439113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients exhibit progressive disruption of entrained circadian rhythms and an aberrant circadian input pathway may underlie such dysfunction. Here we examine AD-related pathology and circadian dysfunction in the APPSwe-Tau (TAPP) model of AD. We show these mice exhibit phase delayed body temperature and locomotor activity with increases around the active-to-rest phase transition. Similar AD-related disruptions are associated with sundowning, characterized by late afternoon and early evening agitation and aggression, and we show TAPP mice exhibit increased aggression around this transition. We show such circadian dysfunction and aggression coincide with hyperphosphorylated Tau (pTau) development in lateral parabrachial (LPB) neurons, with these disturbances appearing earlier in females. Finally, we show LPB neurons, including those expressing dynorphin (LPBdyn), project to circadian structures and are affected by pTau, and LPBdyn ablations partially recapitulate the hyperthermia of TAPP mice. Altogether we link pTau in a brainstem circadian input pathway to AD-related disturbances relevant to sundowning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Warfield
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Madison M Ruhmann
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Quiana L Jeffs
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Genevieve C Guidone
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Hannah W Rhymes
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - McKenzi I Thompson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William D Todd
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
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15
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Yang WZ, Xie H, Du X, Zhou Q, Xiao Y, Zhao Z, Jia X, Xu J, Zhang W, Cai S, Li Z, Fu X, Hua R, Cai J, Chang S, Sun J, Sun H, Xu Q, Ni X, Tu H, Zheng R, Xu X, Wang H, Fu Y, Wang L, Li X, Yang H, Yao Q, Yu T, Shen Q, Shen WL. A parabrachial-hypothalamic parallel circuit governs cold defense in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4924. [PMID: 37582782 PMCID: PMC10427655 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal homeostasis is vital for mammals and is controlled by brain neurocircuits. Yet, the neural pathways responsible for cold defense regulation are still unclear. Here, we found that a pathway from the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), which runs parallel to the canonical LPB to preoptic area (POA) pathway, is also crucial for cold defense. Together, these pathways make an equivalent and cumulative contribution, forming a parallel circuit. Specifically, activation of the LPB → DMH pathway induced strong cold-defense responses, including increases in thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT), muscle shivering, heart rate, and locomotion. Further, we identified somatostatin neurons in the LPB that target DMH to promote BAT thermogenesis. Therefore, we reveal a parallel circuit governing cold defense in mice, which enables resilience to hypothermia and provides a scalable and robust network in heat production, reshaping our understanding of neural circuit regulation of homeostatic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Z Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hengchang Xie
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaosa Du
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaoning Jia
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jianhui Xu
- Thermoregulation and Inflammation Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Zhangjie Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junhao Cai
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Institute of life sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xinyan Ni
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hongqing Tu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ruimao Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Liming Wang
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of life sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Qiyuan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China.
| | - Qiwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Wei L Shen
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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16
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Zhang R, Huang D, Gasparini S, Geerling JC. Efferent projections of Nps-expressing neurons in the parabrachial region. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.13.553140. [PMID: 37645772 PMCID: PMC10462015 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.13.553140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, connectivity determines function. Neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (PB) relay diverse information to widespread brain regions, but the connections and functions of PB neurons that express Nps (neuropeptide S) remain mysterious. Here, we use Cre-dependent anterograde tracing and whole-brain analysis to map their output connections. While many other PB neurons project ascending axons through the central tegmental tract, NPS axons reach the forebrain via distinct periventricular and ventral pathways. Along the periventricular pathway, NPS axons target the tectal longitudinal column and periaqueductal gray then continue rostrally to target the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. Along the ventral pathway, NPS axons blanket much of the hypothalamus but avoid the ventromedial and mammillary nuclei. They also project prominently to the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, A13 cell group, and magnocellular subparafasciular nucleus. In the hindbrain, NPS axons have fewer descending projections, targeting primarily the superior salivatory nucleus, nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, and periolivary region. Combined with what is known about NPS and its receptor, the output pattern of Nps-expressing neurons in the PB region predicts a role in threat response and circadian behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richie Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa
| | - Dake Huang
- Department of Neurology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa
| | - Silvia Gasparini
- Department of Neurology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa
| | - Joel C. Geerling
- Department of Neurology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa
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17
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Yahiro T, Kataoka N, Nakamura K. Two Ascending Thermosensory Pathways from the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus That Mediate Behavioral and Autonomous Thermoregulation. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5221-5240. [PMID: 37339876 PMCID: PMC10342230 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0643-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoregulatory behavior in homeothermic animals is an innate behavior to defend body core temperature from environmental thermal challenges in coordination with autonomous thermoregulatory responses. In contrast to the progress in understanding the central mechanisms of autonomous thermoregulation, those of behavioral thermoregulation remain poorly understood. We have previously shown that the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) mediates cutaneous thermosensory afferent signaling for thermoregulation. To understand the thermosensory neural network for behavioral thermoregulation, in the present study, we investigated the roles of ascending thermosensory pathways from the LPB in avoidance behavior from innocuous heat and cold in male rats. Neuronal tracing revealed two segregated groups of LPB neurons projecting to the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), a thermoregulatory center (LPB→MnPO neurons), and those projecting to the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA), a limbic emotion center (LPB→CeA neurons). While LPB→MnPO neurons include separate subgroups activated by heat or cold exposure of rats, LPB→CeA neurons were only activated by cold exposure. By selectively inhibiting LPB→MnPO or LPB→CeA neurons using tetanus toxin light chain or chemogenetic or optogenetic techniques, we found that LPB→MnPO transmission mediates heat avoidance, whereas LPB→CeA transmission contributes to cold avoidance. In vivo electrophysiological experiments showed that skin cooling-evoked thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue requires not only LPB→MnPO neurons but also LPB→CeA neurons, providing a novel insight into the central mechanism of autonomous thermoregulation. Our findings reveal an important framework of central thermosensory afferent pathways to coordinate behavioral and autonomous thermoregulation and to generate the emotions of thermal comfort and discomfort that drive thermoregulatory behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Coordination of behavioral and autonomous thermoregulation is important for maintaining thermal homeostasis in homeothermic animals. However, the central mechanism of thermoregulatory behaviors remains poorly understood. We have previously shown that the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) mediates ascending thermosensory signaling that drives thermoregulatory behavior. In this study, we found that one pathway from the LPB to the median preoptic nucleus mediates heat avoidance, whereas the other pathway from the LPB to the central amygdaloid nucleus is required for cold avoidance. Surprisingly, both pathways are required for skin cooling-evoked thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, an autonomous thermoregulatory response. This study provides a central thermosensory network that coordinates behavioral and autonomous thermoregulation and generates thermal comfort and discomfort that drive thermoregulatory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Yahiro
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoya Kataoka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
- Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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18
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Jagot F, Gaston-Breton R, Choi AJ, Pascal M, Bourhy L, Dorado-Doncel R, Conzelmann KK, Lledo PM, Lepousez G, Eberl G. The parabrachial nucleus elicits a vigorous corticosterone feedback response to the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Neuron 2023:S0896-6273(23)00382-3. [PMID: 37279750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system regulates systemic immune responses by integrating the physiological and behavioral constraints faced by an individual. Corticosterone (CS), the release of which is controlled in the hypothalamus by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), is a potent negative regulator of immune responses. Using the mouse model, we report that the parabrachial nucleus (PB), an important hub linking interoceptive afferent information to autonomic and behavioral responses, also integrates the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β signal to induce the CS response. A subpopulation of PB neurons, directly projecting to the PVN and receiving inputs from the vagal complex (VC), responds to IL-1β to drive the CS response. Pharmacogenetic reactivation of these IL-1β-activated PB neurons is sufficient to induce CS-mediated systemic immunosuppression. Our findings demonstrate an efficient brainstem-encoded modality for the central sensing of cytokines and the regulation of systemic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Jagot
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015 Paris, France; PhD Program, Ecole Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité (BioSpc), Université de Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Romane Gaston-Breton
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ana Jeemin Choi
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France; PhD Program, Ecole Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité (BioSpc), Université de Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maud Pascal
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lena Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Romane Dorado-Doncel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Karl-Klaus Conzelmann
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty and Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Pierre-Marie Lledo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Lepousez
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gérard Eberl
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
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19
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Kaur S, Nicole L, Sela Y, Lima J, Thomas R, Bandaru S, Saper C. Lateral parabrachial FoxP2 neurons regulate respiratory responses to hypercapnia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2865756. [PMID: 37205337 PMCID: PMC10187408 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2865756/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although CGRP neurons in the external lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBelCGRP neurons) are critical for cortical arousal in response to hypercapnia, activating them has little effect on respiration. However, deletion of all Vglut2 expressing neurons in the PBel region suppresses both the respiratory and arousal response to high CO2. We identified a second population of non-CGRP neurons adjacent to the PBelCGRP group in the central lateral, lateral crescent and Kölliker-Fuse parabrachial subnuclei that are also activated by CO2 and project to the motor and premotor neurons that innvervate respiratory sites in the medulla and spinal cord. We hypothesize that these neurons may in part mediate the respiratory response to CO2 and that they may express the transcription factor, Fork head Box protein 2 (FoxP2), which has recently been found in this region. To test this, we examined the role of the PBFoxP2 neurons in respiration and arousal response to CO2, and found that they show cFos expression in response to CO2 exposure as well as increased intracellular calcium activity during spontaneous sleep-wake and exposure to CO2. We also found that optogenetically photo-activating PBFoxP2 neurons increases respiration and that photo-inhibition using archaerhodopsin T (ArchT) reduced the respiratory response to CO2 stimulation without preventing awakening. Our results indicate that PBFoxP2 neurons play an important role in the respiratory response to CO2 exposure during NREM sleep, and indicate that other pathways that also contribute to the response cannot compensate for the loss of the PBFoxP2 neurons. Our findings suggest that augmentation of the PBFoxP2 response to CO2 in patients with sleep apnea in combination with inhibition of the PBelCGRP neurons may avoid hypoventilation and minimize EEG arousals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sathyajit Bandaru
- Beth Israel Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Ma-02215
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20
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Lynch N, Lima JD, Spinieli RL, Kaur S. Opioids, sleep, analgesia and respiratory depression: Their convergence on Mu (μ)-opioid receptors in the parabrachial area. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1134842. [PMID: 37090798 PMCID: PMC10117663 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1134842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids provide analgesia, as well as modulate sleep and respiration, all by possibly acting on the μ-opioid receptors (MOR). MOR's are ubiquitously present throughout the brain, posing a challenge for understanding the precise anatomical substrates that mediate opioid induced respiratory depression (OIRD) that ultimately kills most users. Sleep is a major modulator not only of pain perception, but also for changing the efficacy of opioids as analgesics. Therefore, sleep disturbances are major risk factors for developing opioid overuse, withdrawal, poor treatment response for pain, and addiction relapse. Despite challenges to resolve the neural substrates of respiratory malfunctions during opioid overdose, two main areas, the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) in the medulla and the parabrachial (PB) complex have been implicated in regulating respiratory depression. More recent studies suggest that it is mediation by the PB that causes OIRD. The PB also act as a major node in the upper brain stem that not only receives input from the chemosensory areas in medulla, but also receives nociceptive information from spinal cord. We have previously shown that the PB neurons play an important role in mediating arousal from sleep in response to hypercapnia by its projections to the forebrain arousal centers, and it may also act as a major relay for the pain stimuli. However, due to heterogeneity of cells in the PB, their precise roles in regulating, sleep, analgesia, and respiratory depression, needs addressing. This review sheds light on interactions between sleep and pain, along with dissecting the elements that adversely affects respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satvinder Kaur
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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21
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Chen J, Gannot N, Li X, Zhu R, Zhang C, Li P. Control of Emotion and Wakefulness by Neurotensinergic Neurons in the Parabrachial Nucleus. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:589-601. [PMID: 36522525 PMCID: PMC10073397 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) integrates interoceptive and exteroceptive information to control various behavioral and physiological processes including breathing, emotion, and sleep/wake regulation through the neural circuits that connect to the forebrain and the brainstem. However, the precise identity and function of distinct PBN subpopulations are still largely unknown. Here, we leveraged molecular characterization, retrograde tracing, optogenetics, chemogenetics, and electrocortical recording approaches to identify a small subpopulation of neurotensin-expressing neurons in the PBN that largely project to the emotional control regions in the forebrain, rather than the medulla. Their activation induces freezing and anxiety-like behaviors, which in turn result in tachypnea. In addition, optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations of these neurons revealed their function in promoting wakefulness and maintaining sleep architecture. We propose that these neurons comprise a PBN subpopulation with specific gene expression, connectivity, and function, which play essential roles in behavioral and physiological regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Chen
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201619, China
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Noam Gannot
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xingyu Li
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201619, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201619, China
| | - Peng Li
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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22
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Tupone D, Hernan S, Chiavetta P, Morrison S, Cano G. Central circuit controlling thermoregulatory inversion and torpor-like state. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2698203. [PMID: 36993654 PMCID: PMC10055657 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2698203/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
To maintain core body temperature in mammals, the CNS thermoregulatory networks respond to cold exposure by increasing brown adipose tissue and shivering thermogenesis. However, in hibernation or torpor, this normal thermoregulatory response is supplanted by "thermoregulatory inversion", an altered homeostatic state in which cold exposure causes inhibition of thermogenesis and warm exposure stimulates thermogenesis. Here we demonstrate the existence of a novel, dynorphinergic thermoregulatory reflex pathway between the dorsolateral parabrachial nucleus and the dorsomedial hypothalamus that bypasses the normal thermoregulatory integrator in the hypothalamic preoptic area to play a critical role in mediating the inhibition of thermogenesis during thermoregulatory inversion. Our results indicate the existence of a neural circuit mechanism for thermoregulatory inversion within the CNS thermoregulatory pathways and support the potential for inducing a homeostatically-regulated, therapeutic hypothermia in non-hibernating species, including humans.
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23
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Huang D, Zhang R, Gasparini S, McDonough MC, Paradee WJ, Geerling JC. Neuropeptide S (NPS) neurons: Parabrachial identity and novel distributions. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:3157-3178. [PMID: 36036349 PMCID: PMC9588594 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) increases wakefulness. A small number of neurons in the brainstem express Nps. These neurons are located in or near the parabrachial nucleus (PB), but we know very little about their ontogeny, connectivity, and function. To identify Nps-expressing neurons within the molecular framework of the PB region, we used in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and Cre-reporter labeling in mice. The primary concentration of Nps-expressing neurons borders the lateral lemniscus at far-rostral levels of the lateral PB. Caudal to this main cluster, Nps-expressing neurons scatter through the PB and form a secondary concentration medial to the locus coeruleus (LC). Most Nps-expressing neurons in the PB region are Atoh1-derived, Foxp2-expressing, and mutually exclusive with neurons expressing Calca or Lmx1b. Among Foxp2-expressing PB neurons, those expressing Nps are distinct from intermingled subsets expressing Cck or Pdyn. Examining Nps Cre-reporter expression throughout the brain identified novel populations of neurons in the nucleus incertus, anterior hypothalamus, and lateral habenula. This information will help focus experimental questions about the connectivity and function of NPS neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Huang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
| | - Richie Zhang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
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24
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Zhou Q, Liu C, Chen T, Liu Y, Cao R, Ni X, Yang WZ, Shen Q, Sun H, Shen WL. Cooling-activated dorsomedial hypothalamic BDNF neurons control cold defense in mice. J Neurochem 2022; 163:220-232. [PMID: 35862478 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BDNF and its expressing neurons in the brain critically control feeding and energy expenditure (EE) in both rodents and humans. However, whether BDNF neurons would function in thermoregulation during temperature challenges is unclear. Here, we show that BDNF neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMHBDNF ) of mice are activated by afferent cooling signals. These cooling-activated BDNF neurons are mainly GABAergic. Activation of DMHBDNF neurons or the GABAergic subpopulations is sufficient to increase body temperature, EE, and physical activity. Conversely, blocking DMHBDNF neurons substantially impairs cold defense and reduces energy expenditure, physical activity, and UCP1 expression in BAT, which eventually results in bodyweight gain and glucose/insulin intolerance. Therefore, we identify a subset of DMHBDNF neurons as a novel type of cooling-activated neurons to promote cold defense. Thus, we reveal a critical role of BDNF circuitry in thermoregulation, which deepens our understanding of BDNF in controlling energy homeostasis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhao Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyan Ni
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Z Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei L Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Zeng W, Yang F, Shen WL, Zhan C, Zheng P, Hu J. Interactions between central nervous system and peripheral metabolic organs. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1929-1958. [PMID: 35771484 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
According to Descartes, minds and bodies are distinct kinds of "substance", and they cannot have causal interactions. However, in neuroscience, the two-way interaction between the brain and peripheral organs is an emerging field of research. Several lines of evidence highlight the importance of such interactions. For example, the peripheral metabolic systems are overwhelmingly regulated by the mind (brain), and anxiety and depression greatly affect the functioning of these systems. Also, psychological stress can cause a variety of physical symptoms, such as bone loss. Moreover, the gut microbiota appears to play a key role in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Mechanistically, as the command center of the body, the brain can regulate our internal organs and glands through the autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine system, although it is generally considered to be outside the realm of voluntary control. The autonomic nervous system itself can be further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic division functions a bit like the accelerator pedal on a car, and the parasympathetic division functions as the brake. The high center of the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine system is the hypothalamus, which contains several subnuclei that control several basic physiological functions, such as the digestion of food and regulation of body temperature. Also, numerous peripheral signals contribute to the regulation of brain functions. Gastrointestinal (GI) hormones, insulin, and leptin are transported into the brain, where they regulate innate behaviors such as feeding, and they are also involved in emotional and cognitive functions. The brain can recognize peripheral inflammatory cytokines and induce a transient syndrome called sick behavior (SB), characterized by fatigue, reduced physical and social activity, and cognitive impairment. In summary, knowledge of the biological basis of the interactions between the central nervous system and peripheral organs will promote the full understanding of how our body works and the rational treatment of disorders. Thus, we summarize current development in our understanding of five types of central-peripheral interactions, including neural control of adipose tissues, energy expenditure, bone metabolism, feeding involving the brain-gut axis and gut microbiota. These interactions are essential for maintaining vital bodily functions, which result in homeostasis, i.e., a natural balance in the body's systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology, and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wei L Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China. .,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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26
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Kirouac GJ, Li S, Li S. Convergence of monosynaptic inputs from neurons in the brainstem and forebrain on parabrachial neurons that project to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2409-2437. [PMID: 35838792 PMCID: PMC9418111 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) projects to areas of the forebrain involved in regulating behavior. Homeostatic challenges and salient cues activate the PVT and evidence shows that the PVT regulates appetitive and aversive responses. The brainstem is a source of afferents to the PVT and the present study was done to determine if the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) is a relay for inputs to the PVT. Retrograde tracing experiments with cholera toxin B (CTB) demonstrate that the LPB contains more PVT projecting neurons than other regions of the brainstem including the catecholamine cell groups. The hypothesis that the LPB is a relay for signals to the PVT was assessed using an intersectional monosynaptic rabies tracing approach. Sources of inputs to LPB included the reticular formation; periaqueductal gray (PAG); nucleus cuneiformis; and superior and inferior colliculi. Distinctive clusters of input cells to LPB-PVT projecting neurons were also found in the dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTDL) and the lateral central nucleus of the amygdala (CeL). Anterograde viral tracing demonstrates that LPB-PVT neurons densely innervate all regions of the PVT in addition to providing collateral innervation to the preoptic area, lateral hypothalamus, zona incerta and PAG but not the BSTDL and CeL. The paper discusses the anatomical evidence that suggests that the PVT is part of a network of interconnected neurons involved in arousal, homeostasis, and the regulation of behavioral states with forebrain regions potentially providing descending modulation or gating of signals relayed from the LPB to the PVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert J Kirouac
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada. .,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada.
| | - Sa Li
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Shuanghong Li
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada
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27
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Samms RJ, Cosgrove R, Snider BM, Furber EC, Droz BA, Briere DA, Dunbar J, Dogra M, Alsina-Fernandez J, Borner T, De Jonghe BC, Hayes MR, Coskun T, Sloop KW, Emmerson PJ, Ai M. GIPR Agonism Inhibits PYY-Induced Nausea-Like Behavior. Diabetes 2022; 71:1410-1423. [PMID: 35499381 PMCID: PMC9233244 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The induction of nausea and emesis is a major barrier to maximizing the weight loss profile of obesity medications, and therefore, identifying mechanisms that improve tolerability could result in added therapeutic benefit. The development of peptide YY (PYY)-based approaches to treat obesity are no exception, as PYY receptor agonism is often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Here, we sought to determine whether glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) agonism reduces PYY-induced nausea-like behavior in mice. We found that central and peripheral administration of a GIPR agonist reduced conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) without affecting hypophagia mediated by a PYY analog. The receptors for GIP and PYY (Gipr and Npy2r) were found to be expressed by the same neurons in the area postrema (AP), a brainstem nucleus involved in detecting aversive stimuli. Peripheral administration of a GIPR agonist induced neuronal activation (cFos) in the AP. Further, whole-brain cFos analyses indicated that PYY-induced CTA was associated with augmented neuronal activity in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), a brainstem nucleus that relays aversive/emetic signals to brain regions that control feeding behavior. Importantly, GIPR agonism reduced PYY-mediated neuronal activity in the PBN, providing a potential mechanistic explanation for how GIPR agonist treatment reduces PYY-induced nausea-like behavior. Together, the results of our study indicate a novel mechanism by which GIP-based therapeutics may have benefit in improving the tolerability of weight loss agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J. Samms
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Corresponding authors: Ricardo J. Samms, , and Minrong Ai,
| | - Richard Cosgrove
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Brandy M. Snider
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ellen C. Furber
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Brian A. Droz
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Daniel A. Briere
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - James Dunbar
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mridula Dogra
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Tito Borner
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bart C. De Jonghe
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Matthew R. Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tamer Coskun
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kyle W. Sloop
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Paul J. Emmerson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Minrong Ai
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Corresponding authors: Ricardo J. Samms, , and Minrong Ai,
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28
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CRISPR/Cas9-Based Mutagenesis of Histone H3.1 in Spinal Dynorphinergic Neurons Attenuates Thermal Sensitivity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063178. [PMID: 35328599 PMCID: PMC8955318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn injury is a trauma resulting in tissue degradation and severe pain, which is processed first by neuronal circuits in the spinal dorsal horn. We have recently shown that in mice, excitatory dynorphinergic (Pdyn) neurons play a pivotal role in the response to burn-injury-associated tissue damage via histone H3.1 phosphorylation-dependent signaling. As Pdyn neurons were mostly associated with mechanical allodynia, their involvement in thermonociception had to be further elucidated. Using a custom-made AAV9_mutH3.1 virus combined with the CRISPR/cas9 system, here we provide evidence that blocking histone H3.1 phosphorylation at position serine 10 (S10) in spinal Pdyn neurons significantly increases the thermal nociceptive threshold in mice. In contrast, neither mechanosensation nor acute chemonociception was affected by the transgenic manipulation of histone H3.1. These results suggest that blocking rapid epigenetic tagging of S10H3 in spinal Pdyn neurons alters acute thermosensation and thus explains the involvement of Pdyn cells in the immediate response to burn-injury-associated tissue damage.
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29
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Ma Q. A functional subdivision within the somatosensory system and its implications for pain research. Neuron 2022; 110:749-769. [PMID: 35016037 PMCID: PMC8897275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Somatosensory afferents are traditionally classified by soma size, myelination, and their response specificity to external and internal stimuli. Here, we propose the functional subdivision of the nociceptive somatosensory system into two branches. The exteroceptive branch detects external threats and drives reflexive-defensive reactions to prevent or limit injury. The interoceptive branch senses the disruption of body integrity, produces tonic pain with strong aversive emotional components, and drives self-caring responses toward to the injured region to reduce suffering. The central thesis behind this functional subdivision comes from a reflection on the dilemma faced by the pain research field, namely, the use of reflexive-defensive behaviors as surrogate assays for interoceptive tonic pain. The interpretation of these assays is now being challenged by the discovery of distinct but interwoven circuits that drive exteroceptive versus interoceptive types of behaviors, with the conflation of these two components contributing partially to the poor translation of therapies from preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufu Ma
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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30
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Karthik S, Huang D, Delgado Y, Laing JJ, Peltekian L, Iverson GN, Grady F, Miller RL, McCann CM, Fritzsch B, Iskusnykh IY, Chizhikov VV, Geerling JC. Molecular ontology of the parabrachial nucleus. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:1658-1699. [PMID: 35134251 PMCID: PMC9119955 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article has been removed because of a technical problem in the rendering of the PDF. 11 February 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dake Huang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | | | | | - Lila Peltekian
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | | | - Fillan Grady
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Rebecca L. Miller
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Corey M. McCann
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Iowa Neuroscience InstituteIowa CityIowaUSA
- Department of BiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Igor Y. Iskusnykh
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Victor V. Chizhikov
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Joel C. Geerling
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Iowa Neuroscience InstituteIowa CityIowaUSA
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31
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Machado NLS, Saper CB. Genetic identification of preoptic neurons that regulate body temperature in mice. Temperature (Austin) 2022; 9:14-22. [PMID: 35655663 PMCID: PMC9154766 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2021.1993734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an explosion recently in our understanding of the neuronal populations in the preoptic area involved in thermoregulation of mice. Recent studies have identified several genetically specified populations of neurons predominantly in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) but spreading caudolaterally into the preoptic area that regulate body temperature. . These include warm-responsive neurons that express the peptides PACAP, BDNF, or QRFP; and receptors for temperature, leptin, estrogen, or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). These neurons are predominantly glutamatergic and driving them opto- or chemogenetically can cause profound hypothermia, and in some cases, periods of torpor or a hibernation-like state. Conversely, fever response is likely to depend upon inhibiting the activity of these neurons through the PGE2 receptor EP3. Another cell group, the Brs3-expressing MnPO neurons, are apparently cold-responsive and cause increases in body temperature. MnPO-QRFP neurons cause hypothermia via activation of their terminals in the region of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH). As the MnPO-QRFP neurons are essentially glutamatergic, and the DMH largely uses glutamatergic projections to the raphe pallidus to increase body temperature, this model suggests the existence of local inhibitory interneurons in the DMH region between the MnPO-QRFP glutamatergic neurons that cause hypothermia and the DMH glutamatergic neurons that cause hyperthermia. The new genetically targeted studies in mice provide a way to identify the precise neuronal circuitry that is responsible for our physiological observations in this species, and will suggest critical experiments that can be undertaken to compare these with the thermoregulatory circuitry in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L. S. Machado
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States
| | - Clifford B. Saper
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States,CONTACT Clifford B. Saper
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32
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Pauli JL, Chen JY, Basiri ML, Park S, Carter ME, Sanz E, McKnight GS, Stuber GD, Palmiter RD. Molecular and anatomical characterization of parabrachial neurons and their axonal projections. eLife 2022; 11:81868. [PMID: 36317965 PMCID: PMC9668336 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is a major hub that receives sensory information from both internal and external environments. Specific populations of PBN neurons are involved in behaviors including food and water intake, nociceptive responses, breathing regulation, as well as learning and responding appropriately to threatening stimuli. However, it is unclear how many PBN neuron populations exist and how different behaviors may be encoded by unique signaling molecules or receptors. Here we provide a repository of data on the molecular identity, spatial location, and projection patterns of dozens of PBN neuron subclusters. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified 21 subclusters of neurons in the PBN and neighboring regions. Multiplexed in situ hybridization showed many of these subclusters are enriched within specific PBN subregions with scattered cells in several other regions. We also provide detailed visualization of the axonal projections from 21 Cre-driver lines of mice. These results are all publicly available for download and provide a foundation for further interrogation of PBN functions and connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Pauli
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jane Y Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Marcus L Basiri
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Department of Pharmacology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Sekun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Matthew E Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Elisenda Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - G Stanley McKnight
- Department of Pharmacology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Garret D Stuber
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Department of Pharmacology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Richard D Palmiter
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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Abstract
The opioid peptides and their receptors have been linked to multiple key biological processes in the nervous system. Here we review the functions of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its endogenous agonists dynorphins (Goldstein A, Tachibana S, Lowney LI, Hunkapiller M, Hood L, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76:6666-6670, 1979) in modulating itch and pain (nociception). Specifically, we discuss their roles relative to recent findings that tell us more about the cells and circuits which are impacted by this opioid and its receptor and present reanalysis of single-cell sequencing data showing the expression profiles of these molecules. Since the KOR is relatively specifically activated by peptides derived from the prodynorphin gene and other opioid peptides that show lower affinities, this will be the only interactions we consider (Chavkin C, Goldstein A, Nature 291:591-593, 1981; Chavkin C, James IF, Goldstein A, Science 215:413-415, 1982), although it was noted that at higher doses peptides other than dynorphins might stimulate KOR (Lai J, Luo MC, Chen Q, Ma S, Gardell LR, Ossipov MH, Porreca F, Nat Neurosci 9:1534-1540, 2006). This review has been organized based on anatomy with each section describing the effect of the kappa opioid system in a specific location but let us not forget that most of these circuits are interconnected and are therefore interdependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Yen Tseng
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Hoon
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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34
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A hypothalamomedullary network for physiological responses to environmental stresses. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 23:35-52. [PMID: 34728833 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various environmental stressors, such as extreme temperatures (hot and cold), pathogens, predators and insufficient food, can threaten life. Remarkable progress has recently been made in understanding the central circuit mechanisms of physiological responses to such stressors. A hypothalamomedullary neural pathway from the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) to the rostral medullary raphe region (rMR) regulates sympathetic outflows to effector organs for homeostasis. Thermal and infection stress inputs to the preoptic area dynamically alter the DMH → rMR transmission to elicit thermoregulatory, febrile and cardiovascular responses. Psychological stress signalling from a ventromedial prefrontal cortical area to the DMH drives sympathetic and behavioural responses for stress coping, representing a psychosomatic connection from the corticolimbic emotion circuit to the autonomic and somatic motor systems. Under starvation stress, medullary reticular neurons activated by hunger signalling from the hypothalamus suppress thermogenic drive from the rMR for energy saving and prime mastication to promote food intake. This Perspective presents a combined neural network for environmental stress responses, providing insights into the central circuit mechanism for the integrative regulation of systemic organs.
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Jung S, Lee M, Kim DY, Son C, Ahn BH, Heo G, Park J, Kim M, Park HE, Koo DJ, Park JH, Lee JW, Choe HK, Kim SY. A forebrain neural substrate for behavioral thermoregulation. Neuron 2021; 110:266-279.e9. [PMID: 34687664 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thermoregulatory behavior is a basic motivated behavior for body temperature homeostasis. Despite its fundamental importance, a forebrain region or defined neural population required for this process has yet to be established. Here, we show that Vgat-expressing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LHVgat neurons) are required for diverse thermoregulatory behaviors. The population activity of LHVgat neurons is increased during thermoregulatory behavior and bidirectionally encodes thermal punishment and reward (P&R). Although this population also regulates feeding and caloric reward, inhibition of parabrachial inputs selectively impaired thermoregulatory behaviors and encoding of thermal stimulus by LHVgat neurons. Furthermore, two-photon calcium imaging revealed a subpopulation of LHVgat neurons bidirectionally encoding thermal P&R, which is engaged during thermoregulatory behavior, but is largely distinct from caloric reward-encoding LHVgat neurons. Our data establish LHVgat neurons as a required neural substrate for behavioral thermoregulation and point to the key role of the thermal P&R-encoding LHVgat subpopulation in thermoregulatory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieun Jung
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Myungsun Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dong-Yoon Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Celine Son
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Benjamin Hyunju Ahn
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Gyuryang Heo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Junkoo Park
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Minyoo Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Han-Eol Park
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong Hwi Park
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Han Kyoung Choe
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Sung-Yon Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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36
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Cerri M, Hitrec T, Luppi M, Amici R. Be cool to be far: Exploiting hibernation for space exploration. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:218-232. [PMID: 34144115 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, torpor/hibernation is a state that is characterized by an active reduction in metabolic rate followed by a progressive decrease in body temperature. Torpor was successfully mimicked in non-hibernators by inhibiting the activity of neurons within the brainstem region of the Raphe Pallidus, or by activating the adenosine A1 receptors in the brain. This state, called synthetic torpor, may be exploited for many medical applications, and for space exploration, providing many benefits for biological adaptation to the space environment, among which an enhanced protection from cosmic rays. As regards the use of synthetic torpor in space, to fully evaluate the degree of physiological advantage provided by this state, it is strongly advisable to move from Earth-based experiments to 'in the field' tests, possibly on board the International Space Station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum -University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S.Donato, 2 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Timna Hitrec
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum -University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S.Donato, 2 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Luppi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum -University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S.Donato, 2 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberto Amici
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum -University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S.Donato, 2 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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37
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Liu C, Lee CY, Asher G, Cao L, Terakoshi Y, Cao P, Kobayakawa R, Kobayakawa K, Sakurai K, Liu Q. Posterior subthalamic nucleus (PSTh) mediates innate fear-associated hypothermia in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2648. [PMID: 33976193 PMCID: PMC8113537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms of fear-associated thermoregulation remain unclear. Innate fear odor 2-methyl-2-thiazoline (2MT) elicits rapid hypothermia and elevated tail temperature, indicative of vasodilation-induced heat dissipation, in wild-type mice, but not in mice lacking Trpa1-the chemosensor for 2MT. Here we report that Trpa1-/- mice show diminished 2MT-evoked c-fos expression in the posterior subthalamic nucleus (PSTh), external lateral parabrachial subnucleus (PBel) and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Whereas tetanus toxin light chain-mediated inactivation of NTS-projecting PSTh neurons suppress, optogenetic activation of direct PSTh-rostral NTS pathway induces hypothermia and tail vasodilation. Furthermore, selective opto-stimulation of 2MT-activated, PSTh-projecting PBel neurons by capturing activated neuronal ensembles (CANE) causes hypothermia. Conversely, chemogenetic suppression of vGlut2+ neurons in PBel or PSTh, or PSTh-projecting PBel neurons attenuates 2MT-evoked hypothermia and tail vasodilation. These studies identify PSTh as a major thermoregulatory hub that connects PBel to NTS to mediate 2MT-evoked innate fear-associated hypothermia and tail vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-NIBS Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Greg Asher
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Liqin Cao
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuka Terakoshi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Peng Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (TIMBR), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Reiko Kobayakawa
- Department of Functional Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ko Kobayakawa
- Department of Functional Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuyasu Sakurai
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Qinghua Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China.
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (TIMBR), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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38
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Upton BA, D'Souza SP, Lang RA. QPLOT Neurons-Converging on a Thermoregulatory Preoptic Neuronal Population. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:665762. [PMID: 34017237 PMCID: PMC8130930 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The preoptic area of the hypothalamus is a homeostatic control center. The heterogeneous neurons in this nucleus function to regulate the sleep/wake cycle, reproduction, thirst and hydration, as well as thermogenesis and other metabolic responses. Several recent studies have analyzed preoptic neuronal populations and demonstrated neuronal subtype-specific roles in suppression of thermogenesis. These studies showed similar thermogenesis responses to chemogenetic modulation, and similar synaptic tracing patterns for neurons that were responsive to cold, to inflammatory stimuli, and to violet light. A reanalysis of single-cell/nucleus RNA-sequencing datasets of the preoptic nucleus indicate that these studies have converged on a common neuronal population that when activated, are sufficient to suppress thermogenesis. Expanding on a previous name for these neurons (Q neurons, which reflect their ability to promote quiescence and expression of Qrfp), we propose a new name: QPLOT neurons, to reflect numerous molecular markers of this population and to capture its broader roles in metabolic regulation. Here, we summarize previous findings on this population and present a unified description of QPLOT neurons, the excitatory preoptic neuronal population that integrate a variety of thermal, metabolic, hormonal and environmental stimuli in order to regulate metabolism and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Upton
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shane P D'Souza
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Richard A Lang
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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39
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Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Channels in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract and Activation of Dynorphin Input to the Median Preoptic Nucleus Contribute to Impaired BAT Thermogenesis in Diet-Induced Obesity. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0048-21.2021. [PMID: 33707202 PMCID: PMC8174036 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0048-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The impairment of cold-evoked activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) requires the activity of a vagal afferent to the medial nucleus of the solitary tract (mNTS). We determined the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation in the mNTS, and of a dynorphin input to the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) in the impaired BAT thermogenic response to cold in HFD-fed rats. The levels of some linoleic acid (LA) metabolites, which can act as endogenous TRPV1 agonists, were elevated in the NTS of HFD rats compared with chow-fed rats. In HFD rats, nanoinjections of the TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepine (CPZ) in the NTS rescued the impaired BAT sympathetic nerve activity (BAT SNA) and thermogenic responses to cold. In contrast, in chow-fed rats, cold-evoked BAT SNA and BAT thermogenesis were not changed by nanoinjections of CPZ into the NTS. Axon terminals of NTS neurons that project to the dorsal lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBd) were closely apposed to LPBd neurons that project to the MnPO. Many of the neurons in the LPBd that expressed c-fos during cold challenge were dynorphinergic. In HFD rats, nanoinjections of the κ opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), in the MnPO rescued the impaired BAT SNA and thermogenic responses to cold. These data suggest that HFD increases the content of endogenous ligands of TRPV1 in the NTS, which increases the drive to LPBd neurons that in turn release dynorphin in the MnPO to impair activation of BAT.
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40
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Huang D, Grady FS, Peltekian L, Laing JJ, Geerling JC. Efferent projections of CGRP/Calca-expressing parabrachial neurons in mice. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:2911-2957. [PMID: 33715169 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The parabrachial nucleus (PB) is composed of glutamatergic neurons at the midbrain-hindbrain junction. These neurons form many subpopulations, one of which expresses Calca, which encodes the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). This Calca-expressing subpopulation has been implicated in a variety of homeostatic functions, but the overall distribution of Calca-expressing neurons in this region remains unclear. Also, while previous studies in rats and mice have identified output projections from CGRP-immunoreactive or Calca-expressing neurons, we lack a comprehensive understanding of their efferent projections. We began by identifying neurons with Calca mRNA and CGRP immunoreactivity in and around the PB, including populations in the locus coeruleus and motor trigeminal nucleus. Calca-expressing neurons in the PB prominently express the mu opioid receptor (Oprm1) and are distinct from neighboring neurons that express Foxp2 and Pdyn. Next, we used Cre-dependent anterograde tracing with synaptophysin-mCherry to map the efferent projections of these neurons. Calca-expressing PB neurons heavily target subregions of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, basal forebrain, thalamic intralaminar and ventral posterior parvicellular nuclei, and hindbrain, in different patterns depending on the injection site location within the PB region. Retrograde axonal tracing revealed that the previously unreported hindbrain projections arise from a rostral-ventral subset of CGRP/Calca neurons. Finally, we show that these efferent projections of Calca-expressing neurons are distinct from those of neighboring PB neurons that express Pdyn. This information provides a detailed neuroanatomical framework for interpreting experimental work involving CGRP/Calca-expressing neurons and opioid action in the PB region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
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41
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Norris AJ, Shaker JR, Cone AL, Ndiokho IB, Bruchas MR. Parabrachial opioidergic projections to preoptic hypothalamus mediate behavioral and physiological thermal defenses. eLife 2021; 10:60779. [PMID: 33667158 PMCID: PMC7935488 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining stable body temperature through environmental thermal stressors requires detection of temperature changes, relay of information, and coordination of physiological and behavioral responses. Studies have implicated areas in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) and the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) as nodes in the thermosensory neural circuitry and indicate that the opioid system within the POA is vital in regulating body temperature. In the present study we identify neurons projecting to the POA from PBN expressing the opioid peptides dynorphin and enkephalin. Using mouse models, we determine that warm-activated PBN neuronal populations overlap with both prodynorphin (Pdyn) and proenkephalin (Penk) expressing PBN populations. Here we report that in the PBN Prodynorphin (Pdyn) and Proenkephalin (Penk) mRNA expressing neurons are partially overlapping subsets of a glutamatergic population expressing Solute carrier family 17 (Slc17a6) (VGLUT2). Using optogenetic approaches we selectively activate projections in the POA from PBN Pdyn, Penk, and VGLUT2 expressing neurons. Our findings demonstrate that Pdyn, Penk, and VGLUT2 expressing PBN neurons are critical for physiological and behavioral heat defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Norris
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Jordan R Shaker
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Aaron L Cone
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Imeh B Ndiokho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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42
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Gasparini S, Resch JM, Gore AM, Peltekian L, Geerling JC. Pre-locus coeruleus neurons in rat and mouse. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R342-R361. [PMID: 33296280 PMCID: PMC7988775 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00261.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we identified a population of neurons in the hindbrain tegmentum, bordering the locus coeruleus (LC). We named this population the pre-locus coeruleus (pre-LC) because in rats its neurons lie immediately rostral to the LC. In mice, however, pre-LC and LC neurons intermingle, making them difficult to distinguish. Here, we use molecular markers and anterograde tracing to clarify the location and distribution of pre-LC neurons in mice, relative to rats. First, we colocalized the transcription factor FoxP2 with the activity marker Fos to identify pre-LC neurons in sodium-deprived rats and show their distribution relative to surrounding catecholaminergic and cholinergic neurons. Next, we used sodium depletion and chemogenetic activation of the aldosterone-sensitive HSD2 neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) to identify the homologous population of pre-LC neurons in mice, along with a related population in the central lateral parabrachial nucleus. Using Cre-reporter mice for Pdyn, we confirmed that most of these sodium-depletion-activated neurons are dynorphinergic. Finally, after confirming that these neurons receive excitatory input from the NTS and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, plus convergent input from the inhibitory AgRP neurons in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, we identify a major, direct input projection from the medial prefrontal cortex. This new information on the location, distribution, and input to pre-LC neurons provides a neuroanatomical foundation for cell-type-specific investigation of their properties and functions in mice. Pre-LC neurons likely integrate homeostatic information from the brainstem and hypothalamus with limbic, contextual information from the cerebral cortex to influence ingestive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gasparini
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jon M Resch
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anuradha M Gore
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Lila Peltekian
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joel C Geerling
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
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Luskin AT, Bhatti DL, Mulvey B, Pedersen CE, Girven KS, Oden-Brunson H, Kimbell K, Blackburn T, Sawyer A, Gereau RW, Dougherty JD, Bruchas MR. Extended amygdala-parabrachial circuits alter threat assessment and regulate feeding. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd3666. [PMID: 33637526 PMCID: PMC7909877 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
An animal's evolutionary success depends on the ability to seek and consume foods while avoiding environmental threats. However, how evolutionarily conserved threat detection circuits modulate feeding is unknown. In mammals, feeding and threat assessment are strongly influenced by the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), a structure that responds to threats and inhibits feeding. Here, we report that the PBN receives dense inputs from two discrete neuronal populations in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), an extended amygdala structure that encodes affective information. Using a series of complementary approaches, we identify opposing BNST-PBN circuits that modulate neuropeptide-expressing PBN neurons to control feeding and affective states. These previously unrecognized neural circuits thus serve as potential nodes of neural circuitry critical for the integration of threat information with the intrinsic drive to feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Luskin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dionnet L Bhatti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bernard Mulvey
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christian E Pedersen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kasey S Girven
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hannah Oden-Brunson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kate Kimbell
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Taylor Blackburn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Abbie Sawyer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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44
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Deem JD, Faber CL, Pedersen C, Phan BA, Larsen SA, Ogimoto K, Nelson JT, Damian V, Tran MA, Palmiter RD, Kaiyala KJ, Scarlett JM, Bruchas MR, Schwartz MW, Morton GJ. Cold-induced hyperphagia requires AgRP neuron activation in mice. eLife 2020; 9:58764. [PMID: 33320088 PMCID: PMC7837681 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain energy homeostasis during cold exposure, the increased energy demands of thermogenesis must be counterbalanced by increased energy intake. To investigate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this cold-induced hyperphagia, we asked whether agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons are activated when animals are placed in a cold environment and, if so, whether this response is required for the associated hyperphagia. We report that AgRP neuron activation occurs rapidly upon acute cold exposure, as do increases of both energy expenditure and energy intake, suggesting the mere perception of cold is sufficient to engage each of these responses. We further report that silencing of AgRP neurons selectively blocks the effect of cold exposure to increase food intake but has no effect on energy expenditure. Together, these findings establish a physiologically important role for AgRP neurons in the hyperphagic response to cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Deem
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Chelsea L Faber
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Christian Pedersen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Bao Anh Phan
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Sarah A Larsen
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Kayoko Ogimoto
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jarrell T Nelson
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Vincent Damian
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Megan A Tran
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Richard D Palmiter
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Karl J Kaiyala
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jarrad M Scarlett
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, United States
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Gregory J Morton
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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45
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Agostinelli LJ, Bassuk AG. Novel inhibitory brainstem neurons with selective projections to spinal lamina I reduce both pain and itch. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:2125-2137. [PMID: 33247430 PMCID: PMC8009815 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sensory information is transmitted from peripheral nerves, through the spinal cord, and up to the brain (“bottom up” pathway). Some of this information may be modulated by “top‐down” projections from the brain to the spinal cord. Discovering endogenous mechanisms for reducing pain and itch holds enormous potential for developing new treatments. However, neurons mediating the top‐down inhibition of pain are not well understood, nor has any such pathway been identified for itch sensation. Here, we identify a novel population of GABAergic neurons in the ventral brainstem, distinguished by prodynorphin expression, which we named LJA5. LJA5 neurons provide the only known inhibitory projection specifically to lamina I of the spinal cord, which contains sensory neurons that transmit pain and itch information up to the brain. Chemogenetically activating LJA5 neurons in male mice reduces capsaicin‐induced pain and histamine‐induced itch. Identifying this new pathway opens new treatment opportunities for chronic, refractory pain, and pruritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J Agostinelli
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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46
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da Conceição EPS, Morrison SF, Cano G, Chiavetta P, Tupone D. Median preoptic area neurons are required for the cooling and febrile activations of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in rat. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18072. [PMID: 33093475 PMCID: PMC7581749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the central neural circuitry for thermoregulation, the balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) determines the level of activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. We employed neuroanatomical and in vivo electrophysiological techniques to identify a source of excitation to thermogenesis-promoting neurons in the DMH that is required for cold defense and fever. Inhibition of median preoptic area (MnPO) neurons blocked the BAT thermogenic responses during both PGE2-induced fever and cold exposure. Disinhibition or direct activation of MnPO neurons induced a BAT thermogenic response in warm rats. Blockade of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the DMH, or brain transection rostral to DMH, blocked cold-evoked or NMDA in MnPO-evoked BAT thermogenesis. RNAscope technique identified a glutamatergic population of MnPO neurons that projects to the DMH and expresses c-Fos following cold exposure. These discoveries relative to the glutamatergic drive to BAT sympathoexcitatory neurons in DMH augment our understanding of the central thermoregulatory circuitry in non-torpid mammals. Our data will contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to induce therapeutic hypothermia for treating drug-resistant fever, and for improving glucose and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Paula Santos da Conceição
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Shaun F Morrison
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Georgina Cano
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Pierfrancesco Chiavetta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Domenico Tupone
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA. .,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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47
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Huang D, Grady FS, Peltekian L, Geerling JC. Efferent projections of Vglut2, Foxp2, and Pdyn parabrachial neurons in mice. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:657-693. [PMID: 32621762 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The parabrachial nucleus (PB) is a complex structure located at the junction of the midbrain and hindbrain. Its neurons have diverse genetic profiles and influence a variety of homeostatic functions. While its cytoarchitecture and overall efferent projections are known, we lack comprehensive information on the projection patterns of specific neuronal subtypes in the PB. In this study, we compared the projection patterns of glutamatergic neurons here with a subpopulation expressing the transcription factor Foxp2 and a further subpopulation expressing the neuropeptide Pdyn. To do this, we injected an AAV into the PB region to deliver a Cre-dependent anterograde tracer (synaptophysin-mCherry) in three different strains of Cre-driver mice. We then analyzed 147 neuroanatomical regions for labeled boutons in every brain (n = 11). Overall, glutamatergic neurons in the PB region project to a wide variety of sites in the cerebral cortex, basal forebrain, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala, diencephalon, and brainstem. Foxp2 and Pdyn subpopulations project heavily to the hypothalamus, but not to the cortex, basal forebrain, or amygdala. Among the few differences between Foxp2 and Pdyn cases was a notable lack of Pdyn projections to the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Our results indicate that genetic identity determines connectivity (and therefore, function), providing a framework for mapping all PB output projections based on the genetic identity of its neurons. Using genetic markers to systematically classify PB neurons and their efferent projections will enhance the translation of research findings from experimental animals to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Fillan S Grady
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lila Peltekian
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joel C Geerling
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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48
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Yang WZ, Du X, Zhang W, Gao C, Xie H, Xiao Y, Jia X, Liu J, Xu J, Fu X, Tu H, Fu X, Ni X, He M, Yang J, Wang H, Yang H, Xu XH, Shen WL. Parabrachial neuron types categorically encode thermoregulation variables during heat defense. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/36/eabb9414. [PMID: 32917598 PMCID: PMC7467693 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb9414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat defense is crucial for survival and fitness. Transmission of thermosensory signals into hypothalamic thermoregulation centers represents a key layer of regulation in heat defense. Yet, how these signals are transmitted into the hypothalamus remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal that lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) glutamatergic prodynorphin and cholecystokinin neuron populations are progressively recruited to defend elevated body temperature. These two nonoverlapping neuron types form circuits with downstream preoptic hypothalamic neurons to inhibit the thermogenesis of brown adipose tissues (BATs) and activate tail vasodilation, respectively. Both circuits are activated by warmth and can limit fever development. The prodynorphin circuit is further required for regulating energy expenditure and body weight homeostasis. Thus, these findings establish that the genetic and functional specificity of heat defense neurons occurs as early as in the LPB and uncover categorical neuron types for encoding two heat defense variables, inhibition of BAT thermogenesis and activation of vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Z Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaosa Du
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cuicui Gao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hengchang Xie
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, 222 West Third Road, Huanhu, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaoning Jia
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiashu Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jianhui Xu
- Thermoregulation and Inflammation Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongqing Tu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyan Ni
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Miao He
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, 222 West Third Road, Huanhu, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wei L Shen
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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49
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Agostinelli LJ, Mix MR, Hefti MM, Scammell TE, Bassuk AG. Input-output connections of LJA5 prodynorphin neurons. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:635-654. [PMID: 32602558 PMCID: PMC7769903 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensory information is transmitted from peripheral nerves, through the spinal cord, and up to the brain. Sensory information may be modulated by projections from the brain to the spinal cord, but the neural substrates for top‐down sensory control are incompletely understood. We identified a novel population of inhibitory neurons in the mouse brainstem, distinguished by their expression of prodynorphin, which we named LJA5. Here, we identify a similar group of Pdyn+ neurons in the human brainstem, and we define the efferent and afferent projection patterns of LJA5 neurons in mouse. Using specific genetic tools, we selectively traced the projections of the Pdyn‐expressing LJA5 neurons through the brain and spinal cord. Terminal fields were densest in the lateral and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (PAG), lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB), caudal pressor area, and lamina I of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and all levels of the spinal cord. We then labeled cell types in the PAG, LPB, medulla, and spinal cord to better define the specific targets of LJA5 boutons. LJA5 neurons send the only known inhibitory descending projection specifically to lamina I of the spinal cord, which transmits afferent pain, temperature, and itch information up to the brain. Using retrograde tracing, we found LJA5 neurons receive inputs from sensory and stress areas such as somatosensory/insular cortex, preoptic area, paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus and lateral hypothalamus, PAG, and LPB. This pattern of inputs and outputs suggest LJA5 neurons are uniquely positioned to be activated by sensation and stress, and in turn, inhibit pain and itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J Agostinelli
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madison R Mix
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Marco M Hefti
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Thomas E Scammell
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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50
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Howard D, Negraes P, Voineskos AN, Kaplan AS, Muotri AR, Duvvuri V, French L. Molecular neuroanatomy of anorexia nervosa. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11411. [PMID: 32651428 PMCID: PMC7351758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is a complex eating disorder with genetic, metabolic, and psychosocial underpinnings. Using genome-wide methods, recent studies have associated many genes with the disorder. We characterized these genes by projecting them into reference transcriptomic atlases of the prenatal and adult human brain to determine where these genes are expressed in fine detail. We found that genes from an induced stem cell study of anorexia nervosa cases are expressed at higher levels in the lateral parabrachial nucleus. Although weaker, expression enrichment of the adult lateral parabrachial is also found with genes from independent genetic studies. Candidate causal genes from the largest genetic study of anorexia nervosa to date were enriched for expression in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. We also found an enrichment of anorexia nervosa associated genes in the adult and fetal raphe and ventral tegmental areas. Motivated by enrichment of these feeding circuits, we tested if these genes respond to fasting in mice hypothalami, which highlighted the differential expression of Rps26 and Dalrd3. This work improves our understanding of the neurobiology of anorexia nervosa by suggesting disturbances in subcortical appetitive circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Howard
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Priscilla Negraes
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Allan S Kaplan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vikas Duvvuri
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leon French
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada. .,Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute for Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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