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Janeski JD, Naik VD, Carabulea AL, Jiang H, Ramadoss J. In Vivo Administration of Phosphatidic Acid, a Direct Alcohol Target Rescues Fetal Growth Restriction and Maternal Uterine Artery Dysfunction in Rat FASD Model. Nutrients 2024; 16:1409. [PMID: 38794647 PMCID: PMC11123873 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction is a hallmark of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and is accompanied by maternal uterine circulatory maladaptation. FAS is the most severe form of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), a term for the range of conditions that can develop in a fetus when their pregnant mother consumes alcohol. Alcohol exerts specific direct effects on lipids that control fundamental developmental processes. We previously demonstrated that direct in vitro application of phosphatidic acid (PA, the simplest phospholipid and a direct target of alcohol exposure) to excised uterine arteries from alcohol-exposed rats improved vascular function, but it is unknown if PA can rescue end organ phenotypes in our FASD animal model. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 40 total dams) were gavaged daily from gestational day (GD) 5 to GD 19 with alcohol or maltose dextrin, with and without PA supplementation, for a total of four unique groups. To translate and assess the beneficial effects of PA, we hypothesized that in vivo administration of PA concomitant with chronic binge alcohol would reverse uterine artery dysfunction and fetal growth deficits in our FASD model. Mean fetal weights and placental efficiency were significantly lower in the binge alcohol group compared with those in the control (p < 0.05). However, these differences between the alcohol and the control groups were completely abolished by auxiliary in vivo PA administration with alcohol, indicating a reversal of the classic FAS growth restriction phenotype. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced uterine artery relaxation was significantly impaired in the uterine arteries of chronic in vivo binge alcohol-administered rats compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Supplementation of PA in vivo throughout pregnancy reversed the alcohol-induced vasodilatory deficit; no differences were detected following in vivo PA administration between the pair-fed control and PA alcohol groups. Maximal ACh-induced vasodilation was significantly lower in the alcohol group compared to all the other treatments, including control, control PA, and alcohol PA groups (p < 0.05). When analyzing excitatory vasodilatory p1177-eNOS, alcohol-induced downregulation of p1177-eNOS was completely reversed following in vivo PA supplementation. In summary, these novel data utilize a specific alcohol target pathway (PA) to demonstrate a lipid-based preventive strategy and provide critical insights important for the development of translatable interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Janeski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Vishal D. Naik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Alexander L. Carabulea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jayanth Ramadoss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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2
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Zhang H, Zha X, Zhang B, Zheng Y, Liu X, Elsabagh M, Ma Y, Wang H, Shu G, Wang M. Dietary rumen-protected L-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate enhances placental amino acid transport and suppresses angiogenesis and steroid anabolism in underfed pregnant ewes. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:149-158. [PMID: 38023379 PMCID: PMC10679858 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of underfed Hu ewes from d 35 to 110 of gestation with either rumen-protected L-arginine (RP-Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on placental amino acid (AA) transport, angiogenic gene expression, and steroid anabolism. On d 35 of gestation, 32 Hu ewes carrying twin fetuses were randomly divided into four treatment groups, each consisting of eight ewes, and were fed the following diets: A diet providing 100% of NRC's nutrient requirements for pregnant ewes (CON); A diet providing 50% of NRC's nutrient requirements for pregnant ewes (RES); RES diet plus 5 g/d NCG (RES + NCG); or RES diet plus 20 g/d RP-Arg (RES + ARG). On the d 110 of pregnancy, blood samples were taken from the mother, and samples were collected from type A cotyledons (COT; the fetal portions of the placenta). The levels of 17β-estradiol and progesterone in the maternal serum and both the capillary area density (CAD) and capillary surface density (CSD) in type A COT were decreased in response to Arg or NCG supplementation when compared to the RES group. The concentrations of arginine, leucine, putrescine and spermidine in type A COT were higher (P < 0.05) in the RES + ARG or RES + NCG group than in the RES group. The mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and solute carrier family 15, member 1 (SLC15A1) were increased (P < 0.05) while those of progesterone receptor (PGR) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) were decreased in type A COT by supplementation with either NCG or RP-Arg compared to the RES group. The results suggest that providing underfed pregnant ewes from d 35 to 110 of gestation with a diet supplemented with NCG or RP-Arg improves placental AA transport, and reduces the expression of angiogenic growth factor genes and steroid anabolism, leading to better fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xia Zha
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mabrouk Elsabagh
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde 51240, Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, KafrelSheikh, Egypt
| | - Yi Ma
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guihua Shu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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3
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Domingues RR, Wiltbank MC, Hernandez LL. Maternal serotonin: implications for the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during gestation†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:17-28. [PMID: 37098165 PMCID: PMC10344603 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal use of antidepressants has increased throughout the last decades; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are the most prescribed antidepressants. Despite the widespread use of SSRI by women during reproductive age and pregnant women, an increasing amount of research warns of possible detrimental effects of maternal use of SSRI during pregnancy including low birthweight/small for gestational age and preterm birth. In this review, we revisited the impact of maternal use of SSRI during pregnancy, its impact on serotonin homeostasis in the maternal and fetal circulation and the placenta, and its impact on pregnancy outcomes-particularly intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth. Maternal use of SSRI increases maternal and fetal serotonin. The increase in maternal circulating serotonin and serotonin signaling likely promotes vasoconstriction of the uterine and placental vascular beds decreasing blood perfusion to the uterus and consequently to the placenta and fetus with potential impact on placental function and fetal development. Several adverse pregnancy outcomes are similar between women, sheep, and rodents (decreased placental size, decreased birthweight, shorter gestation length/preterm birth, neonatal morbidity, and mortality) highlighting the importance of animal studies to assess the impacts of SSRI. Herein, we address the complex interactions between maternal SSRI use during gestation, circulating serotonin, and the regulation of blood perfusion to the uterus and fetoplacental unit, fetal growth, and pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R Domingues
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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4
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Arishe OO, McKenzie J, Dela Justina V, Dos Anjos Moraes R, Webb RC, Priviero F. Piezo1 channels mediate vasorelaxation of uterine arteries from pseudopregnant rats. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1140989. [PMID: 37324378 PMCID: PMC10267476 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1140989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There is a great increase in uterine arterial blood flow during normal pregnancy, which is a result of the cardiovascular changes that occur in pregnancy to adapt the maternal vascular system to meet the increased metabolic needs of both the mother and the fetus. The cardiovascular changes include an increase in cardiac output and more importantly, dilation of the maternal uterine arteries. However, the exact mechanism for the vasodilation is not fully known. Piezo1 mechanosensitive channels are highly expressed in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells of small-diameter arteries and play a role in structural remodeling. In this study, we hypothesize that the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel plays a role in the dilation of the uterine artery (UA) during pregnancy. Methods: For this, 14-week-old pseudopregnant and virgin Sprague Dawley rats were used. In isolated segments of UA and mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) mounted in a wire myograph, we investigated the effects of chemical activation of Piezo1, using Yoda 1. The mechanism of Yoda 1 induced relaxation was assessed by incubating the vessels with either vehicle or some inhibitors or in the presence of a potassium-free physiological salt solution (K+-free PSS). Results: Our results show that concentration-dependent relaxation responses to Yoda 1 are greater in the UA of the pseudo-pregnant rats than in those from the virgin rats while no differences between groups were observed in the MRAs. In both vascular beds, either in virgin or in pseudopregnant, relaxation to Yoda 1 was at least in part nitric oxide dependent. Discussion: Piezo1 channel mediates nitric oxide dependent relaxation, and this channel seems to contribute to the greater dilation that occurs in the uterine arteries of pseudo-pregnant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunke O. Arishe
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jaine McKenzie
- Department of General Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Goias, Brazil
| | - Raiana Dos Anjos Moraes
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy—School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center—School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - R. Clinton Webb
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy—School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center—School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Fernanda Priviero
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy—School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center—School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, MO, United States
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5
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Zavatta A, Parisi F, Mandò C, Scaccabarozzi C, Savasi VM, Cetin I. Role of Inflammaging on the Reproductive Function and Pregnancy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 64:145-160. [PMID: 35031955 PMCID: PMC8760119 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During female lifetime and pregnancy, inflammation and cellular senescence are implicated in physiological processes, from ovulation and menstruation, to placental homeostasis and delivery. Several lifestyles, nutritional, and environmental insults, as well as long-lasting pregestational inflammatory diseases may lead to detrimental effects in promoting and sustaining a chronic excessive inflammatory response and inflammaging, which finally contribute to the decay of fertility and pregnancy outcome, with a negative effect on placental function, fetal development, and future health risk profile in the offspring. Maladaptation to pregnancy and obstetric disease may in turn increase maternal inflammaging in a feedback loop, speeding up aging processes and outbreak of chronic diseases. Maternal inflammaging may also impact, through transgenerational effects, on future adult health. Hence, efficacious interventions should be implemented by physicians and healthcare professionals involved in prevention activities to reduce the modifiable factors contributing to the inflammaging process in order to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Zavatta
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'V. Buzzi' Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154, Milan, Italy
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'L. Sacco' Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'V. Buzzi' Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mandò
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Scaccabarozzi
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'L. Sacco' Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria M Savasi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'L. Sacco' Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'V. Buzzi' Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy.
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6
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Sow Nutrition, Uterine Contractions, and Placental Blood Flow during the Peri-Partum Period and Short-Term Effects on Offspring: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050910. [PMID: 36899765 PMCID: PMC10000096 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The birth process is a crucial event for piglet survival. Along with increasing litter sizes, not only has the duration of parturition increased, but placental blood flow per piglet has reduced and placental area per piglet has become smaller, making these piglets more susceptible for hypoxia. Diminishing the risk of piglet hypoxia by either reducing the total duration of parturition or increasing fetal oxygenation may reduce the incidence of stillbirth and early post-partum mortality. This review discusses options to do so by nutritionally supporting the sow in the final pre-partum period, after discussing the role of uterine contractions and placental blood flow. Providing sufficient energy seems to be a logical first step, but also other nutrients needed for uterine contractions, such as calcium, or enhancing uterine blood flow by using nitrate seem promising. These nutrient requirements may depend on litter size.
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Lee JH, Torpy DJ. Adrenal insufficiency in pregnancy: Physiology, diagnosis, management and areas for future research. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:57-69. [PMID: 35816262 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal insufficiency requires prompt diagnosis in pregnancy, as untreated, it can lead to serious consequences such as adrenal crisis, intrauterine growth restriction and even foetal demise. Similarities between symptoms of adrenal insufficiency and those of normal pregnancy can complicate diagnosis. Previously diagnosed adrenal insufficiency needs monitoring and, often, adjustment of adrenal hormone replacement. Many physiological changes occur to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during pregnancy, often making diagnosis and management of adrenal insufficiency challenging. Pregnancy is a state of sustained physiologic hypercortisolaemia; there are multiple contributing factors including high plasma concentrations of placental derived corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and increased adrenal responsiveness to ACTH. Despite increased circulating concentrations of CRH-binding protein (CRH-BP) and the major cortisol binding protein, corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), free concentrations of both hormones are increased progressively in pregnancy. In addition, pregnancy leads to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Most adrenocortical hormone diagnostic thresholds are not applicable or validated in pregnancy. The management of adrenal insufficiency also needs to reflect the physiologic changes of pregnancy, often requiring increased doses of glucocorticoid and at times mineralocorticoid replacement, especially in the last trimester. In this review, we describe pregnancy induced changes in adrenal function, the diagnosis and management of adrenal insufficiency in pregnancy and areas requiring further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - David J Torpy
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Lo JO, Schabel MC, Gaffney J, Lewandowski KS, Kroenke CD, Roberts CT, Scottoline BP, Frias AE, Sullivan EL, Roberts VHJ. Impaired placental hemodynamics and function in a non-human primate model of gestational protein restriction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:841. [PMID: 36646824 PMCID: PMC9842719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal malnutrition increases fetal and neonatal morbidity, partly by affecting placental function and morphology, but its impact on placental hemodynamics are unknown. Our objective was to define the impact of maternal malnutrition on placental oxygen reserve and perfusion in vivo in a rhesus macaque model of protein restriction (PR) using advanced imaging. Animals were fed control (CON, 26% protein), 33% PR diet (17% protein), or a 50% PR diet (13% protein, n = 8/group) preconception and throughout pregnancy. Animals underwent Doppler ultrasound and fetal biometry followed by MRI at gestational days 85 (G85) and 135 (G135; term is G168). Pregnancy loss rates were 0/8 in CON, 1/8 in 33% PR, and 3/8 in 50% PR animals. Fetuses of animals fed a 50% PR diet had a smaller abdominal circumference (G135, p < 0.01). On MRI, placental blood flow was decreased at G135 (p < 0.05) and placental oxygen reserve was reduced (G85, p = 0.05; G135, p = 0.01) in animals fed a 50% PR diet vs. CON. These data demonstrate that a 50% PR diet reduces maternal placental perfusion, decreases fetal oxygen availability, and increases fetal mortality. These alterations in placental hemodynamics may partly explain human growth restriction and stillbirth seen with severe PR diets in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie O Lo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L458, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
| | - Matthias C Schabel
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jessica Gaffney
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Katherine S Lewandowski
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Christopher D Kroenke
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Charles T Roberts
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.,Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Brian P Scottoline
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Antonio E Frias
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L458, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Victoria H J Roberts
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
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Interaction of Alcohol & Phosphatidic Acid in Maternal Rat Uterine Artery Function. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 111:178-183. [PMID: 35671880 PMCID: PMC9670159 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol has been demonstrated to impair maternal uterine arterial adaptations in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) animal models. However, the exact mechanism remains inconclusive. We hypothesized that phosphatidic acid (PA), a direct target of alcohol metabolism, would alleviate alcohol-induced vascular dysfunction of the maternal uterine artery. Mean fetal weight, and crown-rump length of the alcohol administered rats were ~9% and 7.6% lower than the pair-fed control pups, respectively. Acetylcholine (Ach)-induced uterine artery relaxation was significantly impaired in uterine arteries of alcohol-administered rats (P<0.05). Supplementation of 10-5M PA reversed alcohol-induced vasodilatory deficit; no difference was detected after PA treatment between pair-fed control and alcohol groups (P=0.37). There was a significant interaction between PA concentrations and alcohol exposure (PA X Alcohol effect, P<0.0001). Pair-wise comparisons showed a concentration-dependent vasodilatory effect on uterine arteries of the alcohol-administered rats, with % relaxation significantly improved at PA concentrations > 10-7 M (P<0.05). Alcohol significantly reduced vasodilatory P-Ser1177 endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels in the uterine artery (↓90.7%; P=0.0029). PA treatment significantly reversed P-Ser1177 eNOS level in alcohol uterine arteries (153.7%↑; P=0.005); following ex vivo PA, there was no difference in P-Ser1177 eNOS levels between Control and Alcohol. Neither alcohol treatment nor PA affected total eNOS levels. Our data provide the first evidence of the interaction of alcohol and PA in rat maternal uterine artery vascular function and demonstrates PA's relationship with the eNOS system. Overall, the current study demonstrates that PA may be a promising therapeutic molecule of interest in alcohol-related gestational vascular dysfunction.
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Martínez-Paredes E, Nicodemus N, Pascual JJ, García J. Challenges in rabbit doe feeding, including the young doe. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2022.15562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In this review is summarized the last knowledge on rabbit doe nutrition, to complement the current nutritional requirements and strategies for the young and adult rabbit does, considering the production, health, and welfare issues. The rabbit doe must reach an adequate maturity level (body condition) at first artificial insemination (AI) to face its productive life with minimal guarantees (around 7.0 mm of perirenal fat thickness, 2.8 ng/mL of plasma leptin concentration and around 18% and 15-20% of body protein and fat, respectively). This goal can be achieved by restricting feed intake from 12 weeks of age until first AI or feeding ad libitum with a fibrous diet (<10.5 MJ digestible energy/kg) from 60 d of age to first parturition. Once the doe is reproducing, the increase of the n-3 fatty acids (or reduction of the n-6/n-3 ratio), soluble fibre (under epizootic enteropathy) and the Arg/Lys and Gln/Lys ratios may help to improve the reproductive traits of rabbit does, although their optimal level of inclusion remain to be identified. It is recommended to limit an excessive negative energy balance before parturition, and the supplementation of glucose precursors to reduce the ketosis incidence could be useful. The formulation of different diets for the doe and the litter to fit better their requirements and assuring their health would be an option to consider when it would be applicable in the farm. The influence of the mother on the litter microbiota and immune status and its potential modulation through the diet open a new research area that will deserve more studies in the next future.
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Zhang CZ, Sang D, Wu BS, Li SL, Zhang CH, Jin L, Li JX, Gu Y, Ga NMR, Hua M, Sun HZ. Effects of dietary supplementation with N-carbamylglutamate on maternal endometrium and fetal development during early pregnancy in Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13693. [PMID: 35258155 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on maternal endometrium and fetal development during early pregnancy of Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats. Forty-eight pregnant Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats (average age 3 years old, average lactation parity 2, and average body weight 43.81 ± 2.66 kg) were randomly allocated to three groups: a basal diet (control group, n = 16), a basal diet plus 0.30-g NCG/d (NCG1 group, n = 16), and a basal diet plus 0.40-g NCG/d (NCG2 group, n = 16). All of the does were housed in individual pens and the NCG treatment was conducted from Days 0 to 90 of pregnancy. At Days 17 and 90 of pregnancy, six representative pregnant does in each group were slaughtered. The current study results demonstrated that maternal NCG administration during early pregnancy effectively increased the arginine family of amino acids and the glucogenic amino acids concentrations and promoted the mRNA expression of osteopontin (OPN), αv and β3 integrins, and endometrial development of Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats. The supplementation improved the fetal brown adipose tissue (BAT) stores and the mRNA expression of UCP-1 and BMP7, thereby helping to the fetal early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhi Zhang
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Dan Sang
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Bao Sheng Wu
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Sheng Li Li
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Chun Hua Zhang
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Lu Jin
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Jin Xia Li
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Na Mei Ri Ga
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Mei Hua
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Hai Zhou Sun
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
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12
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Maternal Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Lowers Incidence of Stillbirth in Hyper Prolific Sows under Commercial Circumstances. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123364. [PMID: 34944140 PMCID: PMC8698137 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current experiment was to investigate whether or not maternal dietary nitrate supplementation, a nitric oxide (NO) precursor, could reduce piglet losses under commercial circumstances. In the current experiment, 120 hyper prolific gilts and sows (Landrace x Yorkshire: Danbred) on a commercial farm in Denmark received either a control lactation diet or a lactation diet containing 0.1% of calcium nitrate (containing 63.1% of nitrate) from approximately 5 days pre-farrowing until day 4 of lactation. The number of piglets born total, alive, and stillborn, as well as birth weights, weights after cross-fostering (approximately 1 day of age), 24 h after cross-fostering, day 3 of age, and at weaning was recorded. Placentas of sows were collected after expulsion and scored on redness. No effect of nitrate supplementation was found on piglet weight, piglet growth, placental redness score, and pre-weaning mortality during lactation. Maternal dietary nitrate supplementation decreased stillbirth percentage with 2.5% (9.9 vs. 7.4%; p = 0.05). It can be concluded that maternal dietary nitrate supplementation shows the potential to decrease the incidence of stillbirth in hyper prolific sows.
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van de Ligt JLG, Saddoris-Clemons KL, Norton SA, Davis MM, Doepker CL. Impact of calcium nitrate supplementation on the oxygen-carrying capacity of lactating sows and their offspring. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab217. [PMID: 34988377 PMCID: PMC8714184 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Calcium nitrate supplementation has recently been suggested to provide potential benefits to sows and, in particular, their offspring when administered at a level of 1,200 ppm in feed shortly before farrowing through lactation. More specifically, nitrate supplementation has been suggested as one opportunity for improved placental and/or fetal blood flow and has been hypothesized in previous work to be important to the swine industry in light of the global trend toward larger litter sizes. The benefit is likely manifested through exposure to the nitrate moiety, but interestingly, nitrate has historically been considered a compound of concern for swine. High levels of nitrate once metabolized to nitrite can interfere with the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin, resulting in increased methemoglobin and, subsequently, methemoglobinemia (MetHb) if the animal is deprived of significant amounts of oxygen; however, the level of nitrate exposure necessary to induce MetHb in sows is not clearly defined. This work was undertaken to examine methemoglobin levels in sows and piglets exposed to the potentially beneficial levels of 1,200 and 6,000 ppm nitrate added to their diets over the course of the periparturient period. Other oxygen capacity blood variables were evaluated (e.g., hemoglobin, hematocrit, and various measures of hemoglobin and red blood cell volumes and concentrations), as well as performance endpoints (weight changes and feed intake) and general observations over the 27-d period. No evidence of treatment-related toxicity manifestation was observed at these supplemental levels. Nearly all oxygen-related variables were affected by time (independent of treatment), indicating adaptive general effects of farrowing. These findings support the hypothesis that MetHb is not a concern up to at least 6,000 ppm supplemental nitrate exposure, even in combination with additional nitrate in the sow’s daily diet. This work is important to help swine producers understand that consideration of nitrate benefit should outweigh concern for risk of nitrate-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L G van de Ligt
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Brooklyn Park, MN 55443, USA
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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14
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Huang Z, Huang S, Song T, Yin Y, Tan C. Placental Angiogenesis in Mammals: A Review of the Regulatory Effects of Signaling Pathways and Functional Nutrients. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2415-2434. [PMID: 34167152 PMCID: PMC8634476 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal placental development and proper angiogenesis are essential for fetal growth during pregnancy. Angiogenesis involves the regulatory action of many angiogenic factors and a series of signal transduction processes inside and outside the cell. The obstruction of placental angiogenesis causes fetal growth restriction and serious pregnancy complications, even leading to fetal loss and pregnancy cessation. In this review, the effects of placental angiogenesis on fetal development are described, and several signaling pathways related to placental angiogenesis and their key regulatory mediators are summarized. These factors, which include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF receptor, delta-like ligand 4 (DLL-4)-Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, may affect the placental angiogenesis process. Moreover, the degree of vascularization depends on cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, which is affected by the synthesis and secretion of metabolites or intermediates and mutual coordination or inhibition in these pathways. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances regarding the role of functional nutrients (including amino acids and fatty acids) in regulating placental angiogenesis. Understanding the specific mechanism of placental angiogenesis and its influence on fetal development may facilitate the establishment of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction, and provide a theoretical basis for formulating nutritional regulation strategies during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangbo Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongxing Song
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Hu XQ, Dasgupta C, Song R, Romero M, Wilson SM, Zhang L. MicroRNA-210 Mediates Hypoxia-Induced Repression of Spontaneous Transient Outward Currents in Sheep Uterine Arteries During Gestation. Hypertension 2021; 77:1412-1427. [PMID: 33641365 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qun Hu
- From the Lawrence D. Longo, MD, Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Chiranjib Dasgupta
- From the Lawrence D. Longo, MD, Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Rui Song
- From the Lawrence D. Longo, MD, Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Monica Romero
- From the Lawrence D. Longo, MD, Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Sean M Wilson
- From the Lawrence D. Longo, MD, Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- From the Lawrence D. Longo, MD, Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA
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Gokina NI, Fairchild RI, Bishop NM, Dawson TE, Prakash K, Bonney EA. Kinetics of Postpartum Mesenteric Artery Structure and Function Relative to Pregnancy and Lactation in Mice. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:1200-1215. [PMID: 33415648 PMCID: PMC7935827 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that normal pregnancy in women is associated with decreased cardiovascular risk in later life. Clinical studies have provided evidence that alterations in vascular function and structure are detectable long after delivery. To understand these findings, we examined mesenteric artery reactivity at both early (3 days and 2–4 weeks) and late (12 weeks) postpartum (PP) time points in relation to late pregnancy (LP) and lactation. Vessels from virgin controls, LP, PP, and nursing and non-nursing mothers were tested for responses to phenylephrine (PE), high potassium solutions (high K+), and acetylcholine (ACh). Passive arterial distensibility, vessel dimensions, and collagen and elastin content were evaluated for the studied groups. We observed that (1) there was a significant inhibition of vascular reactivity to PE in LP, 3 days and 2 weeks PP vessels that returned to pre-pregnancy levels at 4 and 12 weeks PP; (2) inhibition of NO production in PP vessels restored PE-induced constriction to pre-pregnancy levels; (3) vasodilator responses to ACh were similar at all PP periods; (4) LP and early PP was associated with a persistent increase in arterial distensibility that correlates with a PP-induced reduction in wall collagen, and regressed to pre-conception levels at 12 weeks PP; (5) vessels from non-nursing PP mice demonstrated an increased PE reactivity, diminished responses to ACh, and reduced distensibility compared to breastfeeding mice. These studies provide a timeframe for mesenteric artery adaptations that occur during pregnancy and extend to the PP period, but which may be modified by PP events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Gokina
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Given Building, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Rebecca I Fairchild
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Given Building, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Nicole M Bishop
- Microscopy Imaging Center, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Taylor E Dawson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Given Building, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Kirtika Prakash
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Given Building, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Given Building, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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Frank JW, Steinhauser CB, Wang X, Burghardt RC, Bazer FW, Johnson GA. Loss of ITGB3 in ovine conceptuses decreases conceptus expression of NOS3 and SPP1: implications for the developing placental vasculature†. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:657-668. [PMID: 33232974 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the peri-implantation period of pregnancy in sheep, there is an initial period of loose apposition of the elongating conceptuses (embryos and associated placental membranes) to the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) that is followed by adhesion of the conceptus trophectoderm to the endometrial LE for implantation. Integrins and maternal extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules are major contributors to stable adhesion at implantation, and the β3 integrin subunit (ITGB3) is implicated in the adhesion cascade for implantation in several species including the sheep. We blocked mRNA translation for trophectoderm-expressed ITGB3 by infusing morpholino antisense oligonucleotides into the uterine lumen of pregnant ewes on Day 9 to assess effects on conceptus elongation, and on Day 16 to assess effects on early placental development in sheep. Results indicate that sheep conceptuses elongate and implant to the uterine wall in the absence of ITGB3 expression by the conceptuses; however, loss of ITGB3 in conceptuses decreased the growth of embryos to Day 24 of gestation, and decreased expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3). Abundant SPP1 was localized around the blood vessels in the placental allantoic membrane in normal sheep pregnancies. We hypothesize that NOS3 and SPP1 positively influence the development of the vasculature within the allantois, and that decreased expression of NOS3 and SPP1, in response to knockdown of ITGB3 in conceptuses, alters development of the vasculature in the allantois required to transport nutrients from the endometrium to support growth and development of the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Frank
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chelsie B Steinhauser
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoqiu Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robert C Burghardt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Greg A Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Estrogen Receptors and Estrogen-Induced Uterine Vasodilation in Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124349. [PMID: 32570961 PMCID: PMC7352873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is associated with dramatic increases in uterine blood flow to facilitate the bidirectional maternal–fetal exchanges of respiratory gases and to provide sole nutrient support for fetal growth and survival. The mechanism(s) underlying pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation remain incompletely understood, but this is associated with elevated estrogens, which stimulate specific estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent vasodilator production in the uterine artery (UA). The classical ERs (ERα and ERβ) and the plasma-bound G protein-coupled ER (GPR30/GPER) are expressed in UA endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, mediating the vasodilatory effects of estrogens through genomic and/or nongenomic pathways that are likely epigenetically modified. The activation of these three ERs by estrogens enhances the endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO), which has been shown to play a key role in uterine vasodilation during pregnancy. However, the local blockade of NO biosynthesis only partially attenuates estrogen-induced and pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation, suggesting that mechanisms other than NO exist to mediate uterine vasodilation. In this review, we summarize the literature on the role of NO in ER-mediated mechanisms controlling estrogen-induced and pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation and our recent work on a “new” UA vasodilator hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that has dramatically changed our view of how estrogens regulate uterine vasodilation in pregnancy.
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Adaptive responses to maternal nutrient restriction alter placental transport in ewes. Placenta 2020; 96:1-9. [PMID: 32421527 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal nutrient partitioning, uteroplacental blood flow, transporter activity, and fetoplacental metabolism mediate nutrient delivery to the fetus. Inadequate availability or delivery of nutrients results in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal nutrient restriction can result in IUGR, but only in an unforeseeable subset of individuals. METHODS To elucidate potential mechanisms regulating fetal nutrient availability, singleton sheep pregnancies were generated by embryo transfer. Pregnant ewes received either a 50% NRC (NR; n = 24) or 100% NRC (n = 7) diet from gestational Day 35 until necropsy on Day 125. Maternal weight did not correlate with fetal weight; therefore, the six heaviest (NR Non-IUGR) and five lightest (NR IUGR) fetuses from nutrient-restricted ewes, and seven 100% NRC fetuses, were compared to investigate differences in nutrient availability. RESULTS Insulin, multiple amino acids, and their metabolites, were reduced in fetal circulation of NR IUGR compared to NR Non-IUGR and 100% NRC pregnancies. In contrast, glucose in fetal fluids was not different between groups. There was a nearly two-fold reduction in placentome volume and fetal/maternal interface length in NR IUGR compared to NR Non-IUGR and 100% NRC pregnancies. Changes in amino acid concentrations were associated with altered expression of cationic (SLC7A2, SLC7A6, and SLC7A7) and large neutral (SLC38A2) amino acid transporters in placentomes. DISCUSSION Results establish a novel approach to study placental adaptation to maternal undernutrition in sheep and support the hypothesis that amino acids and polyamines are critical mediators of placental and fetal growth in sheep.
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Whole-Genome Uterine Artery Transcriptome Profiling and Alternative Splicing Analysis in Rat Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062079. [PMID: 32197362 PMCID: PMC7139363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the uterine artery (UA) undergoes extensive remodeling to permit a 20–40 fold increase in blood flow with associated changes in the expression of a multitude of genes. This study used next-gen RNA sequencing technology to identify pathways and genes potentially involved in arterial adaptations in pregnant rat UA (gestation day 20) compared with non-pregnant rat UA (diestrus). A total of 2245 genes were differentially expressed, with 1257 up-regulated and 970 down-regulated in pregnant UA. Gene clustering analysis revealed a unique cluster of suppressed genes implicated in calcium signaling pathway and vascular smooth muscle contraction in pregnant UA. Transcription factor binding site motif scanning identified C2H2 ZF, AP-2 and CxxC as likely factors functional on the promoters of down-regulated genes involved in calcium signaling and vascular smooth muscle contraction. In addition, 1686 genes exhibited alternative splicing that were mainly implicated in microtubule organization and smooth muscle contraction. Cross-comparison analysis identified novel genes that were both differentially expressed and alternatively spliced; these were involved in leukocyte and B cell biology and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, this first comprehensive study provides a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying gestational uterine arterial adaptations during pregnancy.
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Mukhtarova N, Ko NL, Gokina NI, Mandalá M, Osol G. Enhanced Vascular Smooth Muscle Calcium Sensitivity and Loss of Endothelial Vasodilator Influence Contribute to Myogenic Tone Development in Rat Radial Uterine Arteries during Gestation. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:126-135. [PMID: 32106116 DOI: 10.1159/000505670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine artery myogenic tone (MT) develops during pregnancy in hemochorial placentates such as rats and humans. The physiological reason for its appearance is not clear, and we reasoned that it may be a late pregnancy (LP) event in preparation for controlling hemorrhage during parturition. We also hypothesized that gestational increases in RhoA-induced vascular smooth muscle (VSM) calcium sensitivity are contributory and occur under the tonic influence of nitric oxide (NO). Second-order pre-placental radial arteries from early-pregnant (day 12, n = 5), mid-pregnant (day 16, n = 5) and LP (day 20, n = 20) rats were used in combination with arteriography, VSM calcium measurements, pharmacological RHO/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition, and Western blotting. A subgroup of LP animals (LP + LN; n = 5) treated with L-NAME from gestational days 10 to 20 were used to determine the effects of NOS inhibition on MT and RhoA expression. MT was evident throughout pregnancy, but its expression in pressurized vessels was masked by endothelial NO-induced vasodilation during early gestation. RhoA protein expression was upregulated in LP and attenuated by in vivo NOS inhibition (as was MT). In vitro RHO/ROCK inhibition decreased MT in a concentration-dependent manner without reducing VSM calcium. In summary, pressure-dependent uterine artery tone increases with gestational age due to a combination of RhoA-mediated increases in VSM calcium sensitivity and a loss of endothelial NO influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmin Mukhtarova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Nga Ling Ko
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Natalia I Gokina
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Maurizio Mandalá
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - George Osol
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA,
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Morris EA, Mandalà M, Ko NL, Osol G. Postpartum Persistence of Maternal Uterine Vascular Gestational Adaptation in Rodents. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:611-620. [PMID: 31916096 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although pregnancy has long-lasting consequences for maternal vascular health, little is known about vascular changes postpartum (PP). Focusing on the uterine circulation, which undergoes unique structural and functional adaptation during gestation, we hypothesized that most pregnancy-induced changes would return to baseline PP, with minimal hysteresis. Large (main; MUA) and small (segmental; SUA) uterine arteries from adult Sprague Dawley rats (n = 42) were evaluated 1 and 4 weeks PP (1PP, 4PP) and compared with those of late-pregnant (LP, day 21) and age-matched non-pregnant (NP) animals. Some comparisons were extended to mesenteric arteries to evaluate differences between reproductive and systemic vessels. Pregnancy-induced axial elongation regressed > 80% 1PP in MUAs and SUAs, although some minimal hysteresis remained 4PP. Circumferential growth was slower to regress, with no reductions in lumen diameter or media thickness 1PP; values returned to (MUA) or approached (SUA) NP values by 4PP. Changes in vascular smooth muscle cell cross-sectional area-a measure of hypertrophy-paralleled those in lumen diameter. Mesenteric and uterine artery compliance diverged during gestation, and continued to do so PP. Decreased MUA compliance 4PP was supported by an increased collagen:elastin ratio. Adrenergic sensitivity increased in uterine, and decreased in mesenteric arteries during pregnancy, and returned to NP values 4PP in both types of vessels. MUA α-1 adrenoceptor expression tracked along with sensitivity. Thus, postpartum adaptation varies by both parameter and vessel type. While many parameters regressed postpartum, alterations in compliance did not, suggesting that matrix changes may have long-term consequences for maternal vascular function and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Morris
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.
| | - Maurizio Mandalà
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Nga Ling Ko
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - George Osol
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
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Costa KA, Marques DBD, de Campos CF, Saraiva A, Guimarães JD, Guimarães SEF. Nutrition influence on sow reproductive performance and conceptuses development and survival: A review about l-arginine supplementation. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Nakade UP, Sharma A, Kumari P, Bhatiya S, Nair SV, Karikaran KN, Sharma V, Choudhury S, Garg SK. Functional and molecular characterization of endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxant pathways in uterine artery of non-pregnant buffaloes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:225-241. [PMID: 31494705 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Present study was undertaken to unravel the endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxant pathways in uterine artery of non-pregnant buffaloes. Isometric tension of arterial rings was recorded using data acquisition system based polyphysiograph. Acetylcholine (ACh) produced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by releasing nitric oxide (NO), and inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by L-NAME (300 μM) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the NO release and thereby the vasorelaxant effect of ACh. However, L-NMMA, another NOS inhibitor, and PTIO, a NO scavenger, did not have any additional inhibitory effect on NO and ACh-induced vasorelaxation. Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor (indomethacin) alone did not have any inhibitory action on vasorelaxant response to ACh; however, simultaneous inhibition of COX and NOS enzymes significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the relaxant response indicating the concurrent release of these two mediators in regulating ACh-induced relaxation. Besides NOS and COX-derived metabolites (EDRF), small (SKCa) and intermediate (IKCa) conductance K+ channels being the members of EDHF play predominant role in mediating ACh-induced vasorelaxation. Using different molecular tools, existence of eNOS, COX-1, and,IKCa in the endothelium, BKCa in vascular smooth muscle, and SKCa in both endothelium and vascular smooth muscle was demonstrated in buffalo uterine artery. Gene sequencing of COX-1 and SKCa genes in uterine artery of buffaloes showed more than 97% structural similarity with ovine (Ovis aries), caprine (Capra hircus), and Indian cow (Bos indicus). Endothelium-independent nitrovasodilator, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), produced vasorelaxation which was sensitive to blockade by soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor (ODQ), thus suggesting the important role of cGMP/PKG pathways in uterine vasorelaxation in buffaloes. Taken together, it is concluded that both endothelium-dependent (EDHF and EDRF) and endothelium-independent (sGC-cGMP) relaxant pathways are present in uterine arteries of non-pregnant buffaloes, and they differently contribute to vasorelaxation during non-pregnant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayraj P Nakade
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Priyambada Kumari
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Shirish Bhatiya
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Sooraj V Nair
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - K N Karikaran
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Vipin Sharma
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Soumen Choudhury
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Satish Kumar Garg
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India.
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A Ahmed M, I Alqosaibi A, Mohamed MA, Soliman MG. Evaluation of Some Cytokines and Gene Expressions in Pre-eclampsia. Pak J Biol Sci 2019; 22:148-153. [PMID: 30972985 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.148.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia(PE) is adisordercharacterized byhypertensionandproteinuria. There is accumulating evidence that this is a disease of the endothelium. Angiogenic factors may be responsible for the regulation of placental vascular development. Clinicians cannot predict pre-eclampsia prior to the onset symptoms. An ideal bio-marker for pre-eclampsia prediction is during the first trimester. This study investigated the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and the gene expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and p53 in PE trying to find out potential bio-markers for prediction and diagnosis of PE. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 100 female volunteers were involved in this study and their ages were ranged from 25-35 years. They were divided into three groups: Group (1) was 20 healthy non-pregnant women, group (2) was 20 pregnant women normal pregnancies and group (3) was 60 preeclamptic patients. The study participants were enrolled at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Egypt) approved on the March 15, 2014) all women gave written informed consent. Serum levels of CRP, IL-10 and TNF-α were evaluated, in addition to the gene expression of VEGF, eNOS and p53. RESULTS Significant elevations in the serum levels of blood pressure, TNF-α and CRP were observed in PE patients. Additionally, the gene expression of VEGF, eNOS and P53 were down-regulated in preeclampsia. CONCLUSION Elevated serum levels of TNFα and CRP, in addition to the down-regulation of eNOS may be used as good predictors for preeclampsia. The TNF-α and VEGF gene were recommended used as markers for PE to be added to routine testes of pregnant women.
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Costa KA, Saraiva A, Guimarães JD, Marques DBD, Machado-Neves M, Barbosa LMR, Villadiego FAC, Veroneze R, Oliveira LFD, Garcia IS, Teixeira SA, Guimarães SEF. Dietary L-arginine supplementation during early gestation of gilts affects conceptuses development. Theriogenology 2019; 140:62-71. [PMID: 31445222 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
l-arginine supplementation of sows has led to improvement of reproductive performance, but the mechanisms responsible for the positive effects of arginine during gestation on conceptuses survival and development are still poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to evaluate effects of 1.0% l-arginine supplementation (ARG) on phenotypic traits of commercial gilts, embryos and fetuses, concentration of gilts' blood metabolites, expression of developmental and cellular apoptosis genes in conceptuses of 25 and 35 days. At 25 days, IGF1 gene was more expressed in embryos from ARG than in embryos from control gilts (CON) (P = 0.05). At this same gestational age, ARG embryos tended to be heavier compared to CON (P = 0.07) and ARG gilts showed a trend to have a greater arginine concentration in blood plasma (P = 0.06). However, at 35 days of gestation, arginine concentration in blood plasma of ARG gilts tended to be lower compared to CON (P = 0.06) and ARG fetuses showed smaller cephalic-caudal length (P = 0.05). These results indicate that duration of supplementation is determinant for arginine effects, not only on the females performance but also on the conceptuses, since supplementation upregulated IGF1 expression at 25 days, in addition to the reduction of cephalic-caudal length of 35-day fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Assis Costa
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Alysson Saraiva
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - José Domingos Guimarães
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Renata Veroneze
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ingrid Soares Garcia
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Susana Amaral Teixeira
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
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Orzabal MR, Lunde-Young ER, Ramirez JI, Naik VD, Hillhouse A, Konganti K, Threadgill DW, Ramadoss J. Gestational binge alcohol-induced alterations in maternal uterine artery transcriptome. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 87:42-49. [PMID: 31078653 PMCID: PMC6628922 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Binge alcohol exposure during pregnancy results in diminished vessel function and altered proteome in the maternal uterine artery. We aimed to utilize high throughput RNA-seq deep-sequencing to characterize specific effects of binge alcohol exposure during pregnancy on the uterine artery transcriptome, and gain insight into mechanisms underlying alcohol-mediated uterine artery dysfunction. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats assigned to Pair-Fed Control or Alcohol groups, received a once-daily orogastric gavage in a binge paradigm. RNA-sequencing using Illumina NextSeq 500, identified 13,941 genes; 40 significantly altered genes were altered by log2(fold change) > 2; 27 genes were upregulated and 13 were downregulated in the Alcohol group. Transcripts altered included those which encode for aldehyde dehydrogenases, matrix metalloproteases, and molecules vital for vasodilation and vascular remodeling. Biological pathways that were disproportionally altered by alcohol were proline and citrulline biosynthesis/metabolism. Disruption of these pathways suggests candidate mechanism(s) for alcohol-mediated impairments to the proteome and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus R Orzabal
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Emilie R Lunde-Young
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Josue I Ramirez
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Vishal D Naik
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Hillhouse
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, and the Texas A&M Institute of Genome Sciences, TX, USA
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, and the Texas A&M Institute of Genome Sciences, TX, USA
| | - David W Threadgill
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, and the Texas A&M Institute of Genome Sciences, TX, USA
| | - Jayanth Ramadoss
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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28
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Cooke CLM, Davidge ST. Advanced maternal age and the impact on maternal and offspring cardiovascular health. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H387-H394. [PMID: 31199185 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00045.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Delaying pregnancy, which is on the rise, may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in both women and their children. The physiological mechanisms that lead to these effects are not fully understood but may involve inadequate adaptations of the maternal cardiovascular system to pregnancy. Indeed, there is abundant evidence in the literature that a fetus developing in a suboptimal in utero environment (such as in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and/or preeclampsia) is at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood, the developmental origins of health and disease theory. Although women of advanced age are at a significantly increased risk of pregnancy complications, there is limited information as to whether advanced maternal age constitutes an added stressor on the prenatal environment of the fetus, and whether or not this is secondary to impaired cardiovascular function during pregnancy. This review summarizes the current literature available on the impact of advanced maternal age on cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy and the role of maternal age on long-term health risks for both the mother and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy-Lynn M Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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29
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Ampey AC, Boeldt DS, Clemente L, Grummer MA, Yi F, Magness RR, Bird IM. TNF-alpha inhibits pregnancy-adapted Ca 2+ signaling in uterine artery endothelial cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 488:14-24. [PMID: 30779937 PMCID: PMC6475486 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of vasodilation of uterine arteries during pregnancy occurs through increased connexin (Cx)43 gap junction (GJ) communication supporting more frequent and sustained Ca2+ 'bursts'. Such adaptation is lacking in subjects with preeclampsia (PE). Here we show TNF-alpha, commonly increased in PE subjects, inhibits Cx43 function and Ca2+ bursts in pregnancy-derived ovine uterine artery endothelial cells (P-UAEC) via Src and MEK/ERK phosphorylation of Cx43, and this can be reversed by PP2 or U0126. Of relevance to humans: (1) the nutraceutical Src antagonist t10, c12 CLA also recovers Ca2+ bursting in P-UAEC. (2) TNF-alpha can reduce and PP2 rescue Ca2+ bursting and NO output in human umbilical vein endothelium (HUV Endo) preparations. (3) Treatment of HUV Endo from PE subjects with PP2 alone can rescue bursting and NO output. We conclude TNF-alpha acts via Src more than MEK/ERK to inhibit GJ Cx43 function in PE subjects, and CLA may offer a potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Ampey
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 7E Unity Point Health-Meriter Hospital, 202 South Park Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Derek S Boeldt
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 7E Unity Point Health-Meriter Hospital, 202 South Park Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Luca Clemente
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 7E Unity Point Health-Meriter Hospital, 202 South Park Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Mary A Grummer
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 7E Unity Point Health-Meriter Hospital, 202 South Park Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - FuXian Yi
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 7E Unity Point Health-Meriter Hospital, 202 South Park Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Ronald R Magness
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 7E Unity Point Health-Meriter Hospital, 202 South Park Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Ian M Bird
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 7E Unity Point Health-Meriter Hospital, 202 South Park Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
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Abstract
Complications of pregnancy remain key drivers of morbidity and mortality, affecting the health of both the mother and her offspring in the short and long term. There is lack of detailed understanding of the pathways involved in the pathology and pathogenesis of compromised pregnancy, as well as a shortfall of effective prognostic, diagnostic and treatment options. In many complications of pregnancy, such as in preeclampsia, there is an increase in uteroplacental vascular resistance. However, the cause and effect relationship between placental dysfunction and adverse outcomes in the mother and her offspring remains uncertain. In this review, we aim to highlight the value of gestational hypoxia-induced complications of pregnancy in elucidating underlying molecular pathways and in assessing candidate therapeutic options for these complex disorders. Chronic maternal hypoxia not only mimics the placental pathology associated with obstetric syndromes like gestational hypertension at morphological, molecular and functional levels, but also recapitulates key symptoms that occur as maternal and fetal clinical manifestations of these pregnancy disorders. We propose that gestational hypoxia provides a useful model to study the inter-relationship between placental dysfunction and adverse outcomes in the mother and her offspring in a wide array of examples of complicated pregnancy, such as in preeclampsia.
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31
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van den Bosch M, Wijnen J, van de Linde I, van Wesel A, Melchior D, Kemp B, van den Brand H, Clouard C. Effects of maternal dietary nitrate supplementation on farrowing and placental characteristics, level of asphyxiation at birth and piglet vitality. Theriogenology 2019; 129:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Duan Y, Zhao Y, Zhu Q, Cai Q, Li H, Yin Y, Wang Z, Kong X. Dietary nutrient levels alter the metabolism of arginine family amino acids in the conceptus of Huanjiang mini-pigs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2132-2139. [PMID: 30298626 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arginine family amino acids (AFAAs) exert important roles in the metabolism, growth and development of the conceptus. However, to date, few studies have investigated the effects of maternal nutrient levels on the concentrations and metabolism of AFAAs in the conceptus. RESULTS Compared to low nutrient diets, high nutrient diets increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of citrulline and proline (Pro) in plasma; the concentrations of arginine, glutamine, Pro and ornithine (Orn) in the amniotic fluid; and the concentrations of all detected AFAAs in the allantoic fluid, which were most pronounced on day 45 of pregnancy. High nutrient diets upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of arginase I (Arg I), Pro oxidase and spermidine synthetase (SRM) in the fetal placenta, as well as Arg II, SRM and spermine synthetase (SMS) expression in the fetal liver (most pronounced on day 45 of pregnancy). The same effect was observed for mRNA expression of NO synthase and Orn aminotransferase (OAT), mainly on day 110 of pregnancy, and for mRNA expression of Arg I, Arg II, OAT, Orn decarboxylase and SMS throughout pregnancy. High nutrient diets upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of Y+ L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) and cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) in the fetal jejunum throughout pregnancy. Dietary treatments did not affect (P > 0.05) mRNA expression of Y+ LAT1, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) and CAT1 in the fetal placenta, skeletal muscle and colon. CONCLUSION High nutrient diets increased the concentration and transport of AFAAs in the mothers and conceptus, which likely improves growth and development of the conceptus. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoli Cai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanbin Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Mini-Pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
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van den Bosch M, Wijnen J, van de Linde IB, van Wesel AAM, Melchior D, Kemp B, Clouard C, van den Brand H. Effects of maternal dietary nitrate supplementation during the perinatal period on piglet survival, body weight, and litter uniformity. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 3:464-472. [PMID: 32704817 PMCID: PMC7200544 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txy137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of different dosages of dietary nitrate supplementation to sows from d 108 of gestation until d 5 of lactation on reproductive performance of sows and piglet performance from birth until weaning. Dietary nitrate supplementation leads to nitric oxide (NO) formation that can potentially increase blood flow to the fetuses (by the vasodilative effect of NO), leading to a decrease in the loss of potential viable piglets in the form of stillbirth and preweaning mortality. Three hundred and five gilts and sows were allocated to one of six diets from d 108 of gestation until d 5 of lactation, containing 0.00% (Control), 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.09%, 0.12%, or 0.15% of dietary nitrate. The source of nitrate used was calcium nitrate double salt. Calcium levels were kept the same among diets by using limestone. Gilts and sows were weighed and backfat was measured at arrival to the farrowing room (d 108 of gestation) and at weaning (d 27 of age). Data included number of piglets born alive, born dead, and weaned, as well as individual piglet weights at d 0, 72 h of age and weaning. Preweaning mortality was determined throughout lactation. Body weight d 0 (P = 0.04) as well as BW at 72 h of age (P < 0.01) increased linearly with increasing dosages of nitrate in the maternal diet. Litter uniformity (SD) at birth was not affected by maternal nitrate supplementation level (P > 0.10), but tended to be higher at 72 h of age in the control treatment than in all nitrate-supplemented treatments (P = 0.07), and SD decreased linearly (increased uniformity) at weaning with increasing dosages of nitrate (P = 0.05). BW at weaning (P > 0.05) and average daily gain of piglets during lactation (P > 0.05) were not affected by maternal nitrate supplementation. A tendency for a quadratic effect (P = 0.10) of the dosage of maternal dietary nitrate was found on preweaning mortality of piglets with the lowest level of mortality found at 0.09% to 0.12% of maternal nitrate supplementation. We conclude that the use of nitrate in the maternal diet of sows during the perinatal period might stimulate preweaning piglet vitality. Exact mode of action and optimal dose of nitrate still need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniek van den Bosch
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Cargill Animal Nutrition Innovation Center, Velddriel, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wijnen
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ad A M van Wesel
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Innovation Center, Velddriel, The Netherlands
| | - Delphine Melchior
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Innovation Center, Velddriel, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Clouard
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Delgado R, Nicodemus N, Abad-Guamán R, Menoyo D, García J, Carabaño R. Effect of arginine and glutamine supplementation on performance, health and nitrogen and energy balance in growing rabbits. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Clark AR, James JL, Stevenson GN, Collins SL. Understanding abnormal uterine artery Doppler waveforms: A novel computational model to explore potential causes within the utero-placental vasculature. Placenta 2018; 66:74-81. [PMID: 29884305 PMCID: PMC6511649 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uterine artery (UtA) Doppler indices are one of the most commonly employed screening tests for pre-eclampsia worldwide. Abnormal indices appear to result from increased uterine vascular resistance, but anatomical complexity and lack of appropriate animal models mean that little is known about the relative contribution of each of the components of the uterine vasculature to the overall UtA Doppler waveform. Previous computational models suggested that trophoblast-mediated spiral artery remodeling has a dominant effect on the UtA Doppler waveform. However, these models did not incorporate the myometrial arterio-venous anastomoses, which have significant potential to affect utero-placental haemodynamics. METHODS We present a more anatomically complete computational model, explicitly incorporating a structural description of each component of the uterine vasculature, and crucially including myometrial arterio-venous anastomoses as parallel pathways for blood-flow away from the placental bed. Wave transmission theory was applied to the network to predict UtA waveforms. RESULTS Our model shows that high UtA resistance indices, combined with notching, reflect an abnormal remodeling of the entire uterine vasculature. Incomplete spiral artery remodeling alone is unlikely to cause abnormal UtA Doppler waveforms as increased resistance in these arteries can be 'buffered' by upstream anastomoses. Critically, our results indicate that the radial arteries, may have a more important effect on utero-placental flow dynamics, and the UtA Doppler waveform than previously thought. CONCLUSIONS This model suggests that to appropriately interpret UtA Doppler waveforms they must be considered to be reflecting changes in the entire system, rather than just the spiral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alys R Clark
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Joanna L James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gordon N Stevenson
- School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sally L Collins
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, The Fetal Medicine Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Bigonnesse E, Sicotte B, Brochu M. Activated NO pathway in uterine arteries during pregnancy in an IUGR rat model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H415-H422. [PMID: 29727218 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00457.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient development of the uteroplacental circulation may contribute to the development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). We developed a rat model of IUGR by administering a low-Na+ diet. This diet reduces maternal blood volume expansion and uteroplacental perfusion. We hypothesized that an impaired endothelial function in radial arteries decreases vasorelaxation and lowers placental perfusion in this IUGR model. The objective was to assess radial uterine artery responses to vasoactive agents in the IUGR model versus controls. The vasoactive agents included phenylephrine and carbachol, use of a pressurized artery myograph, in the absence or presence of inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthase [ N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)], cyclooxygenase (Ibuprofen), and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization {apamin/1-[(2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole}, allowing better characterization of the mechanism implicated in endothelium-dependent relaxation. The results show that 1) the diameter of uterine radial arteries was significantly decreased in the IUGR group; 2) sensitivity to phenylephrine was reduced in IUGR arteries, which could be returned to control group values by inhibition of NO production; 3) the relaxation response to carbachol was increased in IUGR rats, principally mediated by endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in both groups; 4) NO synthase inhibition by l-NAME decreased the maximum relaxation to carbachol only in the IUGR group; and 5) relaxation response to NO donors is increased in IUGR compared with control radial arteries. Contrary to the hypothesis, results in the IUGR model indicate that the NO pathway is activated in radial uterine arteries, most likely in compensation for the reduction in blood uteroplacental perfusion. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In contrast to genetic or surgical models of intrauterine growth restriction, the diet-induced model of reduced maternal volume expansion shows the nitric oxide pathway to be activated in the uterine artery, possibly from increased shear stress and/or placental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bigonnesse
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Benoit Sicotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Michèle Brochu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
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Bhide A, Alanne L, Rasanen J, Huhta H, Junno J, Kokki M, Erkinaro T, Ohtonen P, Haapsamo M, Acharya G. Effect of Sildenafil on Pulmonary Circulation and Cardiovascular Function in Near-Term Fetal Sheep During Hypoxemia. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:337-347. [PMID: 29716434 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118773412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sildenafil is a potential new treatment for placental insufficiency in human pregnancies as it reduces the breakdown of vasodilator nitric oxide. Pulmonary vasodilatation is observed in normoxemic fetuses following sildenafil administration. Placental insufficiency often leads to fetal hypoxemia that can cause pulmonary vasoconstriction and fetal cardiac dysfunction as evidenced by reduced isovolumic myocardial velocities. We tested the hypotheses that sildenafil, when given directly to the hypoxemic fetus, reverses reactive pulmonary vasoconstriction, increases left ventricular cardiac output by increasing pulmonary venous return, and ameliorates hypoxemic myocardial dysfunction. We used an instrumented sheep model. Fetuses were made hypoxemic over a mean (standard deviation) duration of 41.3 (9.5) minutes and then given intravenous sildenafil or saline infusion. Volume blood flow through ductus arteriosus was measured with an ultrasonic transit-time flow probe. Fetal left and right ventricular outputs and lung volume blood flow were calculated, and ventricular function was examined using echocardiography. Lung volume blood flow decreased and the ductus arteriosus volume blood flow increased with hypoxemia. There was a significant reduction in left ventricular and combined cardiac outputs during hypoxemia in both groups. Hypoxemia led to a reduction in myocardial isovolumic velocities, increased ductus venosus pulsatility, and reduced left ventricular myocardial deformation. Direct administration of sildenafil to hypoxemic fetus did not reverse the redistribution of cardiac output. Furthermore, fetal cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction was observed during hypoxemia, which was not improved by fetal sildenafil treatment. In conclusion, sildenafil did not improve pulmonary blood flow or cardiac function in hypoxemic sheep fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Bhide
- 1 Women's Health & Perinatal Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Leena Alanne
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Rasanen
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Huhta
- 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juulia Junno
- 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Merja Kokki
- 5 Department of Anesthesiology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina Erkinaro
- 6 Department of Anesthesiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pasi Ohtonen
- 7 Department of Statistics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mervi Haapsamo
- 8 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lapland Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- 1 Women's Health & Perinatal Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,9 Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Naik VD, Davis-Anderson K, Subramanian K, Lunde-Young R, Nemec MJ, Ramadoss J. Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Binge Alcohol Exposure-Induced Uterine Artery Dysfunction in Pregnant Rat. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:682-690. [PMID: 29363778 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cardinal feature of fetal alcohol syndrome is growth restriction. Maternal uterine artery adaptations to pregnancy correlate with birthweight and survival. We hypothesized that gestational binge alcohol exposure impairs maternal uterine vascular function, affecting endothelial nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation. METHODS Pregnant rats grouped as pair-fed control or binge alcohol exposed received a once-daily, orogastric gavage of isocaloric maltose-dextrin or alcohol, respectively. On gestational day 20, primary uterine arteries were isolated, cannulated, and connected to a pressure transducer, and functional studies were conducted by dual-chamber arteriography. Uterine arteries maintained at constant intramural pressure (90 mm Hg) were maximally constricted with thromboxane, and a dose-response for acetylcholine (Ach) was recorded. RESULTS The alcohol group exhibited significantly impaired endothelium-dependent, Ach-induced uterine artery relaxation (↓∼30%). Subsequently, a dose-response was recorded following inhibition of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (apamin and TRAM-34) and prostacyclin (indomethacin). Ach-induced relaxation in the pair-fed control decreased by ~46%, and interestingly, relaxation in alcohol group further decreased by an additional ~48%, demonstrating that gestational binge alcohol impairs the NO system in the primary uterine artery. An endothelium-independent sodium nitroprusside effect was not observed. Immunoblotting indicated that alcohol decreased the level of endothelial excitatory P-Ser1177 endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) (p < 0.05) and total eNOS expression (p < 0.05) compared to both the normal and pair-fed controls. P-Ser1177 eNOS level was also confirmed by immunofluorescence imaging. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate maternal binge alcohol consumption during pregnancy disrupts uterine artery vascular function via impairment of the eNOS vasodilatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal D Naik
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Katie Davis-Anderson
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kaviarasan Subramanian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Raine Lunde-Young
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Matthew J Nemec
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jayanth Ramadoss
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Li Y, Lorca RA, Su EJ. Molecular and cellular underpinnings of normal and abnormal human placental blood flows. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:R9-R22. [PMID: 29097590 PMCID: PMC5732864 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal placental function is well-established as a major cause for poor pregnancy outcome. Placental blood flow within the maternal uteroplacental compartment, the fetoplacental circulation or both is a vital factor in mediating placental function. Impairment in flow in either or both vasculatures is a significant risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcome, potentially impacting maternal well-being, affecting immediate neonatal health and even influencing the long-term health of the infant. Much remains unknown regarding the mechanistic underpinnings of proper placental blood flow. This review highlights the currently recognized molecular and cellular mechanisms in the development of normal uteroplacental and fetoplacental blood flows. Utilizing the entities of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction as clinical phenotypes that are often evident downstream of abnormal placental blood flow, mechanisms underlying impaired uteroplacental and fetoplacental blood flows are also discussed. Deficiencies in knowledge, which limit the efficacy of clinical care, are also highlighted, underscoring the need for continued research on normal and abnormal placental blood flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ramón A Lorca
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily J Su
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine/Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Lopes van Balen VA, van Gansewinkel TAG, de Haas S, van Kuijk SMJ, van Drongelen J, Ghossein-Doha C, Spaanderman MEA. Physiological adaptation of endothelial function to pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2017; 50:697-708. [PMID: 28170124 DOI: 10.1002/uog.17431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish reference values for flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and brachial artery diameter (BAD) in pregnancy and to provide insight into the physiological and pathological course of endothelial adaptation throughout human singleton pregnancy. METHODS A meta-analysis was performed following a systematic review of current literature on FMD, as a derivative for endothelial function, and BAD, throughout uncomplicated and complicated pregnancy. PubMed (NCBI) and EMBASE (Ovid) electronic databases were used for the literature search, which was performed from inception to 9 June 2016. To allow judgment of changes in comparison with the non-pregnant state, studies were required to report both non-pregnant mean reference of FMD (matched control group, prepregnancy or postpartum measurement) and mean FMD at a predetermined and reported gestational age. Pooled mean differences between the reference and pregnant FMD values were calculated for predefined intervals of gestational age. RESULTS Fourteen studies that enrolled 1231 participants met the inclusion criteria. Publication dates ranged from 1999 to 2014. In uncomplicated pregnancy, FMD was increased in the second and third trimesters. Between 15 and 21 weeks of gestation, absolute FMD increased the most, by a mean (95% CI) of 1.89% (0.25-3.53%). This was a relative increase of 22.5% (3.0-42.0%) compared with the non-pregnant reference. BAD increased progressively, in a steady manner, by the second trimester but not significantly in the first half of the second trimester. We could not discern differences in FMD and BAD between complicated and uncomplicated pregnancies at 29-35 weeks' gestation, reported in the three studies that met our inclusion criteria. Despite the increase in FMD and BAD throughout gestation, both reference curves were characterized by wide 95% CIs. CONCLUSION During healthy pregnancy, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and BAD increase. Women with a complicated pregnancy had FMD values within the lower range when compared with those with uncomplicated pregnancy but, as a group, did not differ from each other. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Lopes van Balen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T A G van Gansewinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S de Haas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S M J van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J van Drongelen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Ghossein-Doha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M E A Spaanderman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Lasheen ME, Badr HM, Kandiel MMM, Abo El-Maaty AM, Samir H, Farouk M, Eldawy MH. Predicting early pregnancy in Egyptian buffalo cows via measuring uterine and luteal blood flows, and serum and saliva progesterone. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:137-142. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Balasubbramanian D, Gelston CAL, Mitchell BM, Chatterjee P. Toll-like receptor activation, vascular endothelial function, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Pharmacol Res 2017; 121:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Delgado R, Abad-Guamán R, De la Mata E, Menoyo D, Nicodemus N, García J, Carabaño R. Effect of dietary supplementation with arginine and glutamine on the performance of rabbit does and their litters during the first three lactations. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Figueroa H, Alvarado C, Cifuentes J, Lozano M, Rocco J, Cabezas C, Illanes SE, Eixarch E, Hernández-Andrade E, Gratacós E, Irarrazabal CE. Oxidative damage and nitric oxide synthase induction by surgical uteroplacental circulation restriction in the rabbit fetal heart. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:453-459. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Figueroa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine; Universidad de los Andes; Santiago Chile
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Clinica Davila; Santiago Chile
| | - Cristobal Alvarado
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Universidad San Sebastián; Concepción Chile
- Faculty of Medicine; Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Jorge Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa Molecular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de los Andes; Santiago Chile
| | - Mauricio Lozano
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa Molecular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de los Andes; Santiago Chile
| | - Jocelyn Rocco
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa Molecular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de los Andes; Santiago Chile
| | - Claudia Cabezas
- Faculty of Medicine; Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Sebastian E. Illanes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine; Universidad de los Andes; Santiago Chile
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Clinica Davila; Santiago Chile
| | - Elisenda Eixarch
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; Barcelona Spain
| | - Edgar Hernández-Andrade
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; Barcelona Spain
- National Institute of Perinatal Medicine; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlos E. Irarrazabal
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa Molecular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de los Andes; Santiago Chile
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Sun L, Zhang H, Fan Y, Guo Y, Zhang G, Nie H, Wang F. Metabolomic profiling in umbilical venous plasma reveals effects of dietary rumen-protected arginine or N-carbamylglutamate supplementation in nutrient-restricted Hu sheep during pregnancy. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:376-388. [PMID: 28220550 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrient restriction during pregnancy is a major problem worldwide for human and animal production. Arginine (Arg) is critical to health, growth and reproduction. N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), a key enzyme in arginine synthesis, is not extensively degraded in rumen. The aim of this study was to investigate ameliorating effects of rumen-protected arginine (RP-Arg) and NCG supplementation on dietary in undernourished Hu sheep during gestation. From day 35 to 110 of gestation, 32 Hu ewes carrying twin foetuses were randomly divided into four groups: a control (CG) group (n = 8; fed 100% National Research Council (NRC) requirements for pregnant sheep), a nutrient-restricted (RG) group (n = 8; fed 50% NRC requirements, which included 50% mineral-vitamin mixture) and two treatment (Arg and NCG) groups (n = 8; fed 50% NRC requirements supplemented with 20 g/day RP-Arg or 5 g/day NCG, which included 50% mineral-vitamin mixture). The umbilical venous plasma samples of foetus were tested by 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance. Thirty-two differential metabolites were identified, indicating altered metabolic pathways of amino acid, carbohydrate and energy, lipids and oxidative stress metabolism among the four groups. Our results demonstrate that the beneficial effect of dietary RP-Arg and NCG supplementation on mammalian reproduction is associated with complex metabolic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sun
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Fan
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Guo
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - G Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Nie
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Boeldt DS, Bird IM. Vascular adaptation in pregnancy and endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:R27-R44. [PMID: 27729465 PMCID: PMC5115955 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Maternal vascular adaptation to pregnancy is critically important to expand the capacity for blood flow through the uteroplacental unit to meet the needs of the developing fetus. Failure of the maternal vasculature to properly adapt can result in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy such as preeclampsia (PE). Herein, we review the endocrinology of maternal adaptation to pregnancy and contrast this with that of PE. Our focus is specifically on those hormones that directly influence endothelial cell function and dysfunction, as endothelial cell dysfunction is a hallmark of PE. A variety of growth factors and cytokines are present in normal vascular adaptation to pregnancy. However, they have also been shown to be circulating at abnormal levels in PE pregnancies. Many of these factors promote endothelial dysfunction when present at abnormal levels by acutely inhibiting key Ca2+ signaling events and chronically promoting the breakdown of endothelial cell-cell contacts. Increasingly, our understanding of how the contributions of the placenta, immune cells, and the endothelium itself promote the endocrine milieu of PE is becoming clearer. We then describe in detail how the complex endocrine environment of PE affects endothelial cell function, why this has contributed to the difficulty in fully understanding and treating this disorder, and how a focus on signaling convergence points of many hormones may be a more successful treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Boeldt
- Department of Ob/GynPerinatal Research Laboratories, University Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - I M Bird
- Department of Ob/GynPerinatal Research Laboratories, University Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Hussain T, Tan B, Ren W, Rahu N, Kalhoro DH, Yin Y. Exploring polyamines: Functions in embryo/fetal development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3:7-10. [PMID: 29767087 PMCID: PMC5941083 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, spermine and agmatine are aliphatic polycationic compounds present in all living cells, and are derived from amino acids, intestinal bacteria, exfoliated enterocytes and supported from diet. Polyamines as the key compounds play essential role in cell proliferation, growth and differentiation. They also exert significant effects on embryonic development, implantation, embryonic diapause, placentation, angiogensis and fetal development. This review paper summarizes the functions of polyamines and embryo/fetus development and its regulatory mechanism which should help to provide some evidences for clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10008, China
| | - Bi'e Tan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10008, China
| | - Najma Rahu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70050, Pakistan
| | - Dildar Hussain Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70050, Pakistan
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10008, China
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Meziani F, Van Overloop B, Schneider F, Gairard A. Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein-induced Relaxation of Rat Uterine Arteries: Influence of the Endothelium During Gestation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 12:14-9. [PMID: 15629665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) has been reported to relax different vessels. We investigated the influence of both endothelium and gestation on the relaxation of uterine arteries (UA), which supply blood to myometrium and placenta. METHODS Small uterine and mesenteric arteries (MA) with (E+) and without endothelium (E-) from day 20 pregnant (P) and nonpregnant (NP) rats were mounted in a myograph, precontracted with phenylephrine (PE) in a physiologic salt solution. Relaxations to PTHrP, acetylcholine, and forskolin were performed and expressed as a percentage of the PE-induced contraction. Blockade of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) was also studied with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and with charybdotoxin + apamin, respectively. RESULTS Gestation significantly increases maximal vasodilating effect of acetylcholine in UA (68% vs 52%, P < .05) and sensitivity to acetylcholine in small mesenteric vessels (P < .05). PTHrP relaxes uterine (maximal relaxation P: 32%, NP: 46%), as well as small MA (P: 68%, NP: 89%), but the maximal relaxation is significantly greater in NP than in P rats (P: 32%, NP: 46%, P < .01) in both vascular beds. In addition, in the UA of P rats, PTHrP only produces relaxation if functional endothelium is present; nevertheless in the absence of endothelium, forskolin still elicits relaxation (65%, P < .01). L-NAME significantly impairs relaxation of E+ UA (P < .05), and so does the association of charybdotoxin + apamin (P < .05). Thus, NO and EDHF contribute largely to this vasorelaxant effect. CONCLUSION PTHrP induces a relaxation on UA that is strongly endothelium-dependent during gestation, in contrast to what happens simultaneously in MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Meziani
- Physicochimie des Interactions Cellulaires et Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 7034, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
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van der Heijden OWH, Essers YPG, Simkens LHJ, Teunissen QGA, Peeters LLH, De Mey JGR, van Eys GJJM. Aging Blunts Remodeling of the Uterine Artery During Murine Pregnancy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:304-10. [PMID: 15219884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The progressive increase in uterine blood flow (UBF) during pregnancy is accommodated by morphologic changes in the uterine artery (UA) in a process defined as arterial remodeling. This process is accompanied by changes in cytoskeletal architecture of the arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Aging reduces flow-induced arterial remodeling. We studied changes in the murine UA during pregnancy and on the effects of aging on the capacity of the UA to remodel in response to pregnancy. METHODS We determined morphologic and cytologic changes in UA from nonpregnant and pregnant mice aged 12 weeks (young) and 40 weeks (old) and correlated them with their reproductive performance. RESULTS In young mice, pregnancy induced an early increase in UA wall mass, which preceded lumen widening. These changes were not accompanied by altered densities of elastin and collagen in the ECM of the medial layer. Smooth muscle cell proliferation increased in midpregnancy and was paralleled by a transient decrease in smoothelin and smooth muscle alpha-actin expression. In old mice, these pregnancy-dependent changes in the UA wall were either absent or markedly reduced. Although by day 11 of pregnancy litter size did not differ between both age groups, the number of viable pups in old mice by day 17 of pregnancy and at birth was 25% and 60% less than in young mice. CONCLUSION Outward hypertrophic remodeling of the UA during pregnancy in young mice is characterized by transient phenotypic modulation and proliferation of SMCs and alterations in the composition of the ECM. In contrast, in older mice, UA remodeling is markedly reduced and accompanied with a loss of viable fetuses near term pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier W H van der Heijden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute Growth and Development (GROW), University of Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Figueroa H, Cifuentes J, Lozano M, Alvarado C, Cabezas C, Eixarch E, Fernández E, Contreras L, Illanes SE, Hernández-Andrade E, Gratacós E, Irarrazabal CE. Nitric oxide synthase and changes in oxidative stress levels in embryonic kidney observed in a rabbit model of intrauterine growth restriction. Prenat Diagn 2016; 36:628-35. [PMID: 27109011 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aimed to study the effect of uteroplacental circulation restriction on endothelial kidney damage in a fetal rabbit model. METHODS New Zealand rabbits were subjected to 40% to 50% of uteroplacental artery ligation at day 25 of pregnancy. After 5 days, surviving fetuses were harvested by cesarean section. The gene and protein expressions of selected enzymes associated with nitric oxide production and oxidative stress were analyzed in fetal kidney homogenates. RESULTS The placenta weight (6.06 ± 0.27, p < 0.0319) and fetal body (19.90 ± 1.03, p < 0.0001) were significantly reduced in the uteroplacental circulation restriction group. The kidneys from restricted fetuses presented a mild vascular congestion and glomerular capillary congestion, without inflammation or hypertrophy. We found endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation inhibition (0.23 ± 0.13, p < 0.012) and arginase-2 (0.29 ± 0.14, p < 0.023) protein induction in fetal kidneys of the circulation restriction group. Finally, the kidneys from circulation-restricted fetuses showed increased inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA (mRNA) (2.68 ± 0.24, p < 0.01) and reduced heme oxygenase-1 mRNA (23 ± 1.3, p < 0.003), with increased reactive oxygen species (1.69 ± 0.09, p < 0.001) and nitrotyrosine protein (1.74 ± 0.28, p < 0.003) levels, without changes in Nox mRNA. CONCLUSION We describe significant deregulation of vascular activity and oxidative damage in kidneys of fetal rabbits that have been exposed to restriction of the uterine circulation. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Figueroa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Lozano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Alvarado
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Cabezas
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Elisenda Eixarch
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatologia, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellio Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Contreras
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian E Illanes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edgar Hernández-Andrade
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatologia, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos E Irarrazabal
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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