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Zhang Z, Tanaka I, Pan Z, Ernst PB, Kiyono H, Kurashima Y. Intestinal homeostasis and inflammation: gut microbiota at the crossroads of pancreas-intestinal barrier axis. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1035-1046. [PMID: 35476255 PMCID: PMC9540119 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas contains exocrine glands, which release enzymes (e.g., amylase, trypsin, and lipase) that are important for digestion and islets, which produce hormones. Digestive enzymes and hormones are secreted from the pancreas into the duodenum and bloodstream, respectively. Growing evidence suggests that the roles of the pancreas extend to not only the secretion of digestive enzymes and hormones but also to the regulation of intestinal homeostasis and inflammation (e.g., mucosal defense to pathogens and pathobionts). Organ crosstalk between the pancreas and intestine is linked to a range of physiological, immunological, and pathological activities, such as the regulation of the gut microbiota by the pancreatic proteins and lipids, the retroaction of the gut microbiota on the pancreas, the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease, and pancreatic diseases. We herein discuss the current understanding of the pancreas–intestinal barrier axis and the control of commensal bacteria in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Izumi Tanaka
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Zhen Pan
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Peter B Ernst
- Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093-0956, USA.,Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093-0956, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093-0956, USA.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093-0956, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093-0956, USA.,Department of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093-0956, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093-0956, USA.,Department of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Liu Y, Xu Z, Huang H, Xue Y, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Li W, Li X. Fucoidan ameliorates glucose metabolism by the improvement of intestinal barrier and inflammatory damage in type 2 diabetic rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:616-629. [PMID: 35077745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that fucoidan possesses anti-diabetic activities by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity, improving β-cell dysfunction, and enhancing insulin sensitivity. However, as a macromolecular carbohydrate, fucoidan is rarely absorbed and indigestible in gastrointestinal tract. The study aimed to explore whether the fucoidan can regulate glucose metabolism by improving intestinal barrier and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. A high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin was used to induce T2DM rats. Different doses of fucoidan (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) were administered respectively by lavage to T2DM rats for 8 weeks and saline was given to controls. The results showed that in addition to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, T2DM rats were also characterized by increased intestinal permeability and proinflammatory cytokines. Notably, fucoidan reduced fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance index along with alleviated the accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines in T2DM rats. Furthermore, fucoidan repaired the intestinal barrier function, which was accompanied by the up-regulation of tight junction proteins and the improvement of intestinal inflammation via inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Meanwhile, fucoidan also mitigated the liver damage, and alleviated insulin resistance by activating PI3K/AKT signaling. Collectively, these findings supported the potential of fucoidan to be used as a functional ingredient to prevent T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ze Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Haoyue Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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Lin S, Zhang B, Lin Y, Lin Y, Zuo X. Dysbiosis of Cervical and Vaginal Microbiota Associated With Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:767693. [PMID: 35237529 PMCID: PMC8885166 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.767693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precancerous condition inducing local lesions on the surface of the squamocolumnar junction of the cervix. Despite the role of vaginal microbiota having been under-discussed, the role of the cervical microbiome and the microbial migration across the reproductive tract involved in CIN was limitedly studied. We aimed to synchronously characterize the dysbiosis associated with CIN in both the cervix and vagina in a Chinese population. Profiling of cervical and vaginal microbiota from 60 CIN women and 60 healthy women was conducted. 16S rRNA sequencing was adopted. By comparing the microbial profiles between different parts of the reproductive tract, our results demonstrated an increased shift of microbial diversity in the cervix compared with that in the vagina for the CIN patients, specifically in CIN 1. Less dysbiosis was found between the CIN patients and controls, in either the vagina or cervix. The microbial community may be modulated by the onset of sexual activity, a known clinical risk factor for cervical neoplasia. Distinct patterns of perturbated bacteria were found in the vaginal and cervical microbiota, in which reduced Actinobacteria-related operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and increased Proteobacteria-related OTUs were found in the vagina and cervix, respectively. A good agreement between the direction of the top-significant perturbated OTUs was observed between the vaginal and cervical microbiome, suggesting a potential microbial migration in the reproductive tract. Enriched genera such as Sphingomonas and Stenotrophomonas were found in cervical microbiota-associated CIN. Multivariate analysis revealed Comamonas, Rhizobium, and Pseudomonas as independent genera contributing to CIN in the cervix. In summary, this study revealed the perturbation of microbiota in the presence of CIN and demonstrated a distinct pattern of characteristic bacteria community between the vagina and cervix involved in the development of CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suibin Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Zhangpu Hospital, Zhangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Suibin Lin, ; Xiaoyu Zuo,
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yixia Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Zhangpu Hospital, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yueping Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Zhangpu Hospital, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zuo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Suibin Lin, ; Xiaoyu Zuo,
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Ma W, Wu H, Li G, Yan L, Wang L, Zhao M, Guan S, Xu S, Guo X, Liu F, Ji P, Wusiman A, Liu G. Melatonin promotes the growth and development of lambs by increasing growth hormone and testosterone, targeting on apoptosis signaling pathway and intestinal microflora. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:966120. [PMID: 36060949 PMCID: PMC9439620 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.966120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an indole-like neuroendocrine hormone. A large number of studies have shown that melatonin can improve production performance of ewes, but it is not clear in lambs. In this study, the growth and development of the 2-month-old lambs implanted with melatonin were monitored for 60 days. The results showed that the growth rate of body weight and body skew length of lambs with melatonin treatment were significantly improved compared to the controls. The similar results were also observed in red blood cell count, hematocrit, red blood cell volume distribution width, the levels of growth hormone, testosterone, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M and albumin. In addition, the cross sectional area of muscle fibers and adipose cells of lambs with melatonin implantation were also significantly increased compared to the controls (P<0.05). To further explore the potential mechanisms, the muscle and adipose tissue were selected for transcriptome sequencing. KEGG enrichment results showed that melatonin regulated the expression of genes related to apoptotic signaling pathway in muscle and adipocytes. Since the intestinal microbiota are involved in the nutritional balance and animal growth, the 16SrRNA sequencing related to the intestinal microbiota was also performed. The data indicated that the structural differences of fecal microflora mainly occur in the pathways of Cardiovascular disease, Excretory system and Signaling molecules and interaction. In brief, melatonin promotes the growth and development of lambs. The potential mechanisms may be that melatonin increased the growth hormone and testosterone mediated apoptosis signaling pathway and regulated intestinal microbial flora. Our results provide valuable information for melatonin to improve the production of sheep husbandry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkui Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangdong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Laiqing Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Likai Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyu Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shang Xu
- Inner Mongolia Golden Grassland Ecological Technology Group Co., LTD., Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaokai Guo
- Inner Mongolia Golden Grassland Ecological Technology Group Co., LTD., Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fenze Liu
- Inner Mongolia Golden Grassland Ecological Technology Group Co., LTD., Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Pengyun Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Abulizi Wusiman
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 420 for Metabolic Health: Review of the Research. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040892. [PMID: 32218248 PMCID: PMC7230722 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing worldwide epidemic of obesity and associated metabolic health comorbidities has resulted in an urgent need for safe and efficient nutritional solutions. The research linking obesity with gut microbiota dysbiosis has led to a hypothesis that certain bacterial strains could serve as probiotics helping in weight management and metabolic health. In the search for such strains, the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 420 (B420) on gut microbiota and metabolic health, and the mechanisms of actions, has been investigated in a variety of in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical studies. In this review, we aim to highlight the research on B420 related to obesity, metabolic health, and the microbiota. Current research supports the hypothesis that gut dysbiosis leads to an imbalance in the inflammatory processes and loss of epithelial integrity. Bacterial components, like endotoxins, that leak out of the gut can invoke low-grade, chronic, and systemic inflammation. This imbalanced state is often referred to as metabolic endotoxemia. Scientific evidence indicates that B420 can slow down many of these detrimental processes via multiple signaling pathways, as supported by mechanistic in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the connection of these mechanisms to clinical evidence on the effect of B420 in controlling weight gain in overweight and obese subjects. The research further indicates that B420 may improve the epithelial integrity by rebalancing a dysbiotic state induced by an obesogenic diet, for example by increasing the prevalence of lean phenotype microbes such as Akkermansia muciniphila. We further discuss, in the context of delivering the health benefits of B420: the safety and technological aspects of the strain including genomic characterization, antibiotic resistance profiling, stability in the product, and survival of the live probiotic in the intestine. In summary, we conclude that the clinical and preclinical studies on metabolic health suggest that B420 may be a potential candidate in combating obesity; however, further clinical studies are needed.
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Folz J, Oh YT, Blaženović I, Richey J, Fiehn O, Youn JH. Interaction of Gut Microbiota and High-Sodium, Low-Potassium Diet in Altering Plasma Triglyceride Profiles Revealed by Lipidomics Analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900752. [PMID: 31675161 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE High sodium and low potassium (HNaLK) intake increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic syndrome. The authors investigate if the dietary minerals interact with the gut microbiota to alter circulating lipid profiles, implicated in CVD and metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma samples from Wistar rats fed a control or HNaLK diet with or without antibiotic treatment (n = 7 each, a total of 28) are subjected to lipidomics analysis. Lipidomic data are then analyzed using statistical and bioinformatics tools, which detect numerous lipid species altered by the treatments, and consistently demonstrated interactions between the gut microbiota and the HNaLK diet in altering circulating lipids, mainly triglycerides (TGs). Two distinct TG groups differentially regulated by antibiotic treatment are identified. One group (cluster 1), representing the majority of TG species detected, is downregulated, whereas the other group (cluster 2) is upregulated by antibiotic treatment. Interestingly, cluster 2 TGs are also regulated by the diet. Cluster 2 TGs exhibit greater carbon-chain length and double-bond content and include TGs composed of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, associated with reduced diabetes risk. CONCLUSION The HNaLK diet interacts with gut bacteria to alter plasma lipid profiles, which may be related to its health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Folz
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Young Taek Oh
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ivana Blaženović
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Joyce Richey
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jang H Youn
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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Metabolism, bioenergetics and thermal physiology: influences of the human intestinal microbiota. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 32:205-217. [PMID: 31258100 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The micro-organisms which inhabit the human gut (i.e. the intestinal microbiota) influence numerous human biochemical pathways and physiological functions. The present review focuses on two questions, 'Are intestinal microbiota effects measurable and meaningful?' and 'What research methods and variables are influenced by intestinal microbiota effects?'. These questions are considered with respect to doubly labelled water measurements of energy expenditure, heat balance calculations and models, measurements of RMR via indirect calorimetry, and diet-induced energy expenditure. Several lines of evidence suggest that the intestinal microbiota introduces measurement variability and measurement errors which have been overlooked in research studies involving nutrition, bioenergetics, physiology and temperature regulation. Therefore, we recommend that present conceptual models and research techniques be updated via future experiments, to account for the metabolic processes and regulatory influences of the intestinal microbiota.
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Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Łoniewski I, Misera A, Stachowska E, Maciejewska D, Marlicz W, Galling B. Second-generation antipsychotics and metabolism alterations: a systematic review of the role of the gut microbiome. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1491-1512. [PMID: 30460516 PMCID: PMC6598971 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Multiple drugs are known to induce metabolic malfunctions, among them second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). The pathogenesis of such adverse effects is of multifactorial origin. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether SGAs drive dysbiosis, assessed whether gut microbiota alterations affect body weight and metabolic outcomes, and looked for the possible mechanism of metabolic disturbances secondary to SGA treatment in animal and human studies. METHODS A systematic literature search (PubMed/Medline/Embase/ClinicalTrials.gov/PsychInfo) was conducted from database inception until 03 July 2018 for studies that reported the microbiome and weight alterations in SGA-treated subjects. RESULTS Seven articles reporting studies in mice (experiments = 8) and rats (experiments = 3) were included. Olanzapine was used in five and risperidone in six experiments. Only three articles (experiments = 4) in humans fit our criteria of using risperidone and mixed SGAs. The results confirmed microbiome alterations directly (rodent experiments = 5, human experiments = 4) or indirectly (rodent experiments = 4) with predominantly increased Firmicutes abundance relative to Bacteroidetes, as well as weight gain in rodents (experiments = 8) and humans (experiments = 4). Additionally, olanzapine administration was found to induce both metabolic alterations (adiposity, lipogenesis, plasma free fatty acid, and acetate levels increase) (experiments = 3) and inflammation (experiments = 2) in rodents, whereas risperidone suppressed the resting metabolic rate in rodents (experiments = 5) and elevated fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, LDL, hs-CRP, antioxidant superoxide dismutase, and HOMA-IR in humans (experiment = 1). One rodent study suggested a gender-dependent effect of dysbiosis on body weight. CONCLUSIONS Antipsychotic treatment-related microbiome alterations potentially result in body weight gain and metabolic disturbances. Inflammation and resting metabolic rate suppression seem to play crucial roles in the development of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland ,Sanprobi sp. z o.o. sp. k, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agata Misera
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Britta Galling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany ,The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health,, Glen Oaks, NY USA ,Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY USA
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Phillips JN, Berlow M, Derryberry EP. The Effects of Landscape Urbanization on the Gut Microbiome: An Exploration Into the Gut of Urban and Rural White-Crowned Sparrows. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Chellapandi P, Bharathi M, Sangavai C, Prathiviraj R. Methanobacterium formicicum as a target rumen methanogen for the development of new methane mitigation interventions: A review. Vet Anim Sci 2018; 6:86-94. [PMID: 32734058 PMCID: PMC7386643 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanobacterium formicicum (Methanobacteriaceae family) is an endosymbiotic methanogenic Archaean found in the digestive tracts of ruminants and elsewhere. It has been significantly implicated in global CH4 emission during enteric fermentation processes. In this review, we discuss current genomic and metabolic aspects of this microorganism for the purpose of the discovery of novel veterinary therapeutics. This microorganism encompasses a typical H2 scavenging system, which facilitates a metabolic symbiosis across the H2 producing cellulolytic bacteria and fumarate reducing bacteria. To date, five genome-scale metabolic models (iAF692, iMG746, iMB745, iVS941 and iMM518) have been developed. These metabolic reconstructions revealed the cellular and metabolic behaviors of methanogenic archaea. The characteristics of its symbiotic behavior and metabolic crosstalk with competitive rumen anaerobes support understanding of the physiological function and metabolic fate of shared metabolites in the rumen ecosystem. Thus, systems biological characterization of this microorganism may provide a new insight to realize its metabolic significance for the development of a healthy microbiota in ruminants. An in-depth knowledge of this microorganism may allow us to ensure a long term sustainability of ruminant-based agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chellapandi
- Molecular Systems Engineering Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - M Bharathi
- Molecular Systems Engineering Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - C Sangavai
- Molecular Systems Engineering Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - R Prathiviraj
- Molecular Systems Engineering Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
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Interactions of Gut Microbiota, Endotoxemia, Immune Function, and Diet in Exertional Heatstroke. JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5724575. [PMID: 29850597 PMCID: PMC5926483 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5724575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exertional heatstroke (EHS) is a medical emergency that cannot be predicted, requires immediate whole-body cooling to reduce elevated internal body temperature, and is influenced by numerous host and environmental factors. Widely accepted predisposing factors (PDF) include prolonged or intense exercise, lack of heat acclimatization, sleep deprivation, dehydration, diet, alcohol abuse, drug use, chronic inflammation, febrile illness, older age, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. The present review links these factors to the human intestinal microbiota (IM) and diet, which previously have not been appreciated as PDF. This review also describes plausible mechanisms by which these PDF lead to EHS: endotoxemia resulting from elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide (i.e., a structural component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria) and tissue injury from oxygen free radicals. We propose that recognizing the lifestyle and host factors which are influenced by intestine-microbial interactions, and modifying habitual dietary patterns to alter the IM ecosystem, will encourage efficient immune function, optimize the intestinal epithelial barrier, and reduce EHS morbidity and mortality.
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12
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Ji Y, Guo Q, Yin Y, Blachier F, Kong X. Dietary proline supplementation alters colonic luminal microbiota and bacterial metabolite composition between days 45 and 70 of pregnancy in Huanjiang mini-pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:18. [PMID: 29423216 PMCID: PMC5789534 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy is associated with important changes in gut microbiota composition. Dietary factors may affect the diversity, composition, and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota. Among amino acids, proline is known to play important roles in protein metabolism and structure, cell differentiation, conceptus growth and development, and gut microbiota re-equilibration in case of dysbiosis. Results Dietary supplementation with 1% proline decreased (P < 0.05) the amounts of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Peptostreptococcus productus, Pseudomonas, and Veillonella spp. in distal colonic contents than that in the control group. The colonic contents of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Bifidobacterium sp., Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Escherichia coli, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Prevotella increased (P < 0.05) on d 70 of pregnancy as compared with those on d 45 of pregnancy. The colonic concentrations of acetate, total straight-chain fatty acid, and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the proline-supplemented group were lower (P < 0.05), and butyrate level (P = 0.06) decreased as compared with the control group. Almost all of the SCFA displayed higher (P < 0.05) concentrations in proximal colonic contents on d 70 of pregnancy than those on d 45 of pregnancy. The concentrations of 1,7-heptyl diamine (P = 0.09) and phenylethylamine (P < 0.05) in proximal colonic contents were higher, while those of spermidine (P = 0.05) and total bioamine (P = 0.06) tended to be lower in the proline-supplemented group than those in the control group. The concentrations of spermidine, spermine, and total bioamine in colonic contents were higher (P < 0.05) on d 70 of pregnancy than those measured on d 45 of pregnancy. In contrast, the concentration of phenylethylamine was lower (P < 0.05) on d 70 than on d 45 of pregnancy. Conclusion These findings indicate that L-proline supplementation modifies both the colonic microbiota composition and the luminal concentrations of several bacterial metabolites. Furthermore, our data show that both the microbiota composition and the concentrations of bacterial metabolites are evolving in the course of pregnancy. These results are discussed in terms of possible implication in terms of luminal environment and consequences for gut physiology and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Ji
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Yulong Yin
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China.,Research Center of Mini-pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosysterms, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547100 China
| | - Francois Blachier
- UMR 914 INRA/AgroParisTech/Universite Paris-Sacaly, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China.,Research Center of Mini-pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosysterms, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547100 China
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13
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Chong-Nguyen C, Duboc H, Sokol H. [The gut microbiota, a new cardiovascular risk factor?]. Presse Med 2017; 46:708-713. [PMID: 28756077 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is considered as our other "brain" and is implicated in several regulation of physiological metabolisms. The circulating level of TMAO, a metabolite of the gut microbiota, is directly correlated to the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Bile acids are protective metabolites against cardiovascular diseases through their anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects. The disturbance in the metabolism and the composition of the gut microbiota is called "dysbiosis". Understanding the implication of the gut microbiota and developing new therapeutic strategies are promising research fields to manage metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chong-Nguyen
- AP-HP, hôpital Cochin, service de cardiologie, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Henri Duboc
- AP-HP, hôpital Louis-Mourier, service de gastro-entérologie, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, service de gastro-entérologie et nutrition, 75012 Paris, France
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14
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Gong J, Hu M, Huang Z, Fang K, Wang D, Chen Q, Li J, Yang D, Zou X, Xu L, Wang K, Dong H, Lu F. Berberine Attenuates Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:42. [PMID: 28217099 PMCID: PMC5290458 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction plays an important role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). Berberine (BBR), a kind of isoquinoline alkaloid, is widely known to be effective for both DM and diarrhea. Here, we explored whether the anti-diabetic effect of BBR was related to the intestine mucosal barrier. Methods and Results: The rat model of T2DM was established by high glucose and fat diet feeding and intravenous injection of streptozocin. Then, those diabetic rats were treated with BBR at different concentrations for 9 weeks. The results showed, in addition to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, diabetic rats were also characterized by proinflammatory intestinal changes, altered gut-derived hormones, and 2.77-fold increase in intestinal permeability. However, the treatment with BBR significantly reversed the above changes in diabetic rats, presenting as the improvement of the high glucose and triglyceride levels, the relief of the inflammatory changes of intestinal immune system, and the attenuation of the intestinal barrier damage. BBR treatment at a high concentration also decreased the intestinal permeability by 27.5% in diabetic rats. Furthermore, BBR regulated the expressions of the molecules involved in TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways in intestinal tissue of diabetic rats. Conclusion: The hypoglycemic effects of BBR might be related to the improvement in gut-derived hormones and the attenuation of intestinal mucosal mechanic and immune barrier damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Hu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoyi Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Dingkun Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Jingbin Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Desen Yang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhan, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Kaifu Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
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15
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Del Chierico F, Nobili V, Vernocchi P, Russo A, De Stefanis C, Gnani D, Furlanello C, Zandonà A, Paci P, Capuani G, Dallapiccola B, Miccheli A, Alisi A, Putignani L. Gut microbiota profiling of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obese patients unveiled by an integrated meta-omics-based approach. Hepatology 2017; 65:451-464. [PMID: 27028797 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is evidence that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is affected by gut microbiota. Therefore, we investigated its modifications in pediatric NAFLD patients using targeted metagenomics and metabolomics. Stools were collected from 61 consecutive patients diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or obesity and 54 healthy controls (CTRLs), matched in a case-control fashion. Operational taxonomic units were pyrosequenced targeting 16S ribosomal RNA and volatile organic compounds determined by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The α-diversity was highest in CTRLs, followed by obese, NASH, and NAFL patients; and β-diversity distinguished between patients and CTRLs but not NAFL and NASH. Compared to CTRLs, in NAFLD patients Actinobacteria were significantly increased and Bacteroidetes reduced. There were no significant differences among the NAFL, NASH, and obese groups. Overall NAFLD patients had increased levels of Bradyrhizobium, Anaerococcus, Peptoniphilus, Propionibacterium acnes, Dorea, and Ruminococcus and reduced proportions of Oscillospira and Rikenellaceae compared to CTRLs. After reducing metagenomics and metabolomics data dimensionality, multivariate analyses indicated a decrease of Oscillospira in NAFL and NASH groups and increases of Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Dorea in NASH patients compared to CTRLs. Of the 292 volatile organic compounds, 26 were up-regulated and 2 down-regulated in NAFLD patients. Multivariate analyses found that combination of Oscillospira, Rickenellaceae, Parabacteroides, Bacteroides fragilis, Sutterella, Lachnospiraceae, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 1-butanol, and 2-butanone could discriminate NAFLD patients from CTRLs. Univariate analyses found significantly lower levels of Oscillospira and higher levels of 1-pentanol and 2-butanone in NAFL patients compared to CTRLs. In NASH, lower levels of Oscillospira were associated with higher abundance of Dorea and Ruminococcus and higher levels of 2-butanone and 4-methyl-2-pentanone compared to CTRLs. CONCLUSION An Oscillospira decrease coupled to a 2-butanone up-regulation and increases in Ruminococcus and Dorea were identified as gut microbiota signatures of NAFL onset and NAFL-NASH progression, respectively. (Hepatology 2017;65:451-464).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerio Nobili
- Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Liver Research Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Vernocchi
- Human Microbiome Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Russo
- Human Microbiome Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Gnani
- Liver Research Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Furlanello
- Predictive Models for Biomedicine and Environment Unit, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zandonà
- Predictive Models for Biomedicine and Environment Unit, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, 00185, Rome, Italy.,SysBio Centre for Systems Biology, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Scientific Directorate, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Alisi
- Liver Research Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Human Microbiome Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Parasitology Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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16
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Moreno-Indias I, Torres M, Sanchez-Alcoholado L, Cardona F, Almendros I, Gozal D, Montserrat JM, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Farré R. Normoxic Recovery Mimicking Treatment of Sleep Apnea Does Not Reverse Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Bacterial Dysbiosis and Low-Grade Endotoxemia in Mice. Sleep 2016; 39:1891-1897. [PMID: 27397563 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly modifies gut microbiota in mice. However, whether these IH-induced gut microbiome changes are reversible after restoring normal oxygenation (the equivalent of effective OSA therapy) is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate gut microbiota composition and circulating endotoxemia after a post-IH normoxic period in a mouse model of OSA. METHODS Ten mice were subjected to IH (40 sec 21% O2-20 sec 5% O2) for 6 h/day for 6 w and 10 mice breathing normoxic air (NM) were used as controls. After exposures, both groups were subjected to 6 w in normoxia. Microbiome composition of fecal samples was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) pyrosequencing. Bioinformatic analysis was performed by Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology. Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were measured by endotoxin assay. RESULTS After normoxic recovery, the Chao and Shannon indices of each group suggested similar bacterial richness and diversity. 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed that IH-exposed mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a significant increase of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres compared to the NM group. After normoxic recovery, circulating LPS concentrations were higher in the IH group (P < 0.009). Moreover, the IH group showed a negative and significant correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus and significant positive correlations between the abundance of Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio and plasma LPS levels, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Even after prolonged normoxic recovery after IH exposures, gut microbiota and circulating endotoxemia remain negatively altered, suggesting that potential benefits of OSA treatment for reversing OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota may either require a longer period or alternative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Torres
- Laboratori del Son, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Sanchez-Alcoholado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Cardona
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Josep M Montserrat
- Laboratori del Son, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Madrid, Spain.,Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria I Queipo-Ortuño
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Madrid, Spain.,Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Bae YA, Cheon HG. Activating transcription factor-3 induction is involved in the anti-inflammatory action of berberine in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:415-24. [PMID: 27382358 PMCID: PMC4930910 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.4.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in Rhizoma coptidis, and elicits anti-inflammatory effects through diverse mechanisms. Based on previous reports that activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3) acts as a negative regulator of LPS signaling, the authors investigated the possible involvement of ATF-3 in the anti-inflammatory effects of berberine. It was found berberine concentration-dependently induced the expressions of ATF-3 at the mRNA and protein levels and concomitantly suppressed the LPS-induced productions of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). In addition, ATF-3 knockdown abolished the inhibitory effects of berberine on LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production, and prevented the berberine-induced suppression of MAPK phosphorylation, but had little effect on AMPK phosphorylation. On the other hand, the effects of berberine, that is, ATF-3 induction, proinflammatory cytokine inhibition, and MAPK inactivation, were prevented by AMPK knockdown, suggesting ATF-3 induction occurs downstream of AMPK activation. The in vivo administration of berberine to mice with LPS-induced endotoxemia increased ATF-3 expression and AMPK phosphorylation in spleen and lung tissues, and concomitantly reduced the plasma and tissue levels of proinflammatory cytokines. These results suggest berberine has an anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages and that this effect is attributable, at least in part, to pathways involving AMPK activation and ATF-3 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-An Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea
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18
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Majowicz SE, Meyer SB, Kirkpatrick SI, Graham JL, Shaikh A, Elliott SJ, Minaker LM, Scott S, Laird B. Food, health, and complexity: towards a conceptual understanding to guide collaborative public health action. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:487. [PMID: 27277001 PMCID: PMC4898364 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND What we eat simultaneously impacts our exposure to pathogens, allergens, and contaminants, our nutritional status and body composition, our risks for and the progression of chronic diseases, and other outcomes. Furthermore, what we eat is influenced by a complex web of drivers, including culture, politics, economics, and our built and natural environments. To date, public health initiatives aimed at improving food-related population health outcomes have primarily been developed within 'practice silos', and the potential for complex interactions among such initiatives is not well understood. Therefore, our objective was to develop a conceptual model depicting how infectious foodborne illness, food insecurity, dietary contaminants, obesity, and food allergy can be linked via shared drivers, to illustrate potential complex interactions and support future collaboration across public health practice silos. METHODS We developed the conceptual model by first conducting a systematic literature search to identify review articles containing schematics that depicted relationships between drivers and the issues of interest. Next, we synthesized drivers into a common model using a modified thematic synthesis approach that combined an inductive thematic analysis and mapping to synthesize findings. RESULTS The literature search yielded 83 relevant references containing 101 schematics. The conceptual model contained 49 shared drivers and 227 interconnections. Each of the five issues was connected to all others. Obesity and food insecurity shared the most drivers (n = 28). Obesity shared several drivers with food allergy (n = 11), infectious foodborne illness (n = 7), and dietary contamination (n = 6). Food insecurity shared several drivers with infectious foodborne illness (n = 9) and dietary contamination (n = 9). Infectious foodborne illness shared drivers with dietary contamination (n = 8). Fewer drivers were shared between food allergy and: food insecurity (n = 4); infectious foodborne illness (n = 2); and dietary contamination (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Our model explicates potential interrelationships between five population health issues for which public health interventions have historically been siloed, suggesting that interventions targeted towards these issues have the potential to interact and produce unexpected consequences. Public health practitioners working in infectious foodborne illness, food insecurity, dietary contaminants, obesity, and food allergy should actively consider how their seemingly targeted public health actions may produce unintended positive or negative population health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Majowicz
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada.
| | - Samantha B Meyer
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
| | - Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
| | - Julianne L Graham
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
| | - Arshi Shaikh
- Social Development Studies, Renison University College-University of Waterloo, 240 Westmount Road North, Waterloo, N2L 3G4, ON, Canada
| | - Susan J Elliott
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
- Department of Geography & Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
| | - Leia M Minaker
- Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
| | - Steffanie Scott
- Department of Geography & Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Laird
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
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19
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Abstract
The gut microbiota exerts a role in type 2 diabetes (T2D), and deviations from a mutualistic ecosystem layout are considered a key environmental factor contributing to the disease. Thus, the possibility of improving metabolic control in T2D by correcting gut microbiome dysbioses through diet has been evaluated. Here, we explore the potential of two different energy-restricted dietary approaches - the fibre-rich macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet or a control diet recommended by Italian professional societies for T2D treatment - to correct gut microbiota dysbioses in T2D patients. In a previous 21-d open-label MADIAB trial, fifty-six overweight T2D patients were randomised to the Ma-Pi 2 or the control diet. For the present study, stools were collected before and after intervention from a subset of forty MADIAB participants, allowing us to characterise the gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing and imputed metagenomics. To highlight microbiota dysbioses in T2D, the gut microbiota of thirteen normal-weight healthy controls were characterised. According to our findings, both diets were effective in modulating gut microbiome dysbioses in T2D, resulting in an increase of the ecosystem diversity and supporting the recovery of a balanced community of health-promoting SCFA producers, such as Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Lachnospira, Bacteroides and Akkermansia. The Ma-Pi 2 diet, but not the control diet, was also effective in counteracting the increase of possible pro-inflammatory groups, such as Collinsella and Streptococcus, in the gut ecosystem, showing the potential to reverse pro-inflammatory dysbioses in T2D, and possibly explaining the greater efficacy in improving the metabolic control.
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20
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AlZahal O, Valdes EV, McBride BW. Analysis of the distal gut bacterial community by 454-pyrosequencing in captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis). Zoo Biol 2015; 35:42-50. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ousama AlZahal
- Department of Animal Biosciences; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - Eduardo V. Valdes
- Department of Animal Biosciences; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario Canada
- Department of Animal Health, Animals; Science and Environment; Walt Disney World Resort Florida
| | - Brian W. McBride
- Department of Animal Biosciences; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario Canada
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21
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Stenman LK, Burcelin R, Lahtinen S. Establishing a causal link between gut microbes, body weight gain and glucose metabolism in humans - towards treatment with probiotics. Benef Microbes 2015; 7:11-22. [PMID: 26565087 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the gut microbiota are associated with metabolic disorders, such as overweight and elevated blood glucose. Mouse studies have shown that gut microbiota can regulate metabolism with a mechanism related to gut barrier function. An impaired gut barrier permits the translocation of bacteria and their components which, when in contact with the sub-mucosal immune system, evoke metabolic inflammation and distract signalling in metabolically active tissues. Despite thorough research of the topic in animals, the hypothesis is yet to be proven in humans. Cross-sectional studies have shown that certain bacterial populations - such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Christensenellaceae - are better represented in lean individuals compared to those who are overweight or metabolically unhealthy. Although these differences reflect those seen in mice, it is possible that they are caused by different dietary or other lifestyle habits. Diet has an indisputable influence on gut microbiota making it very difficult to draw conclusions on microbiota-host interactions from cross-sectional studies. Certain research areas do, however, indicate that gut microbiota could causally influence metabolism. Several studies show that antibiotic use in infancy increases body weight in later childhood. Also, probiotics are emerging as a potential therapy for metabolic syndrome. In fact, a handful of human studies and numerous animal studies show promise for probiotics in reducing blood glucose levels or improving insulin sensitivity. For weight management human evidence is scarcer. Nevertheless, it is becoming increasingly recognised that gut microbiota plays a part regulating metabolism, also in humans, which gives rise to novel opportunities for preventative and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Stenman
- 1 DuPont Nutrition & Health, Active Nutrition, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - R Burcelin
- 2 INSERM1048, Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires de Rangueil, Rangueil Hospital, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - S Lahtinen
- 1 DuPont Nutrition & Health, Active Nutrition, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
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22
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Lecomte V, Kaakoush NO, Maloney CA, Raipuria M, Huinao KD, Mitchell HM, Morris MJ. Changes in gut microbiota in rats fed a high fat diet correlate with obesity-associated metabolic parameters. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126931. [PMID: 25992554 PMCID: PMC4436290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is emerging as a new factor in the development of obesity. Many studies have described changes in microbiota composition in response to obesity and high fat diet (HFD) at the phylum level. In this study we used 16s RNA high throughput sequencing on faecal samples from rats chronically fed HFD or control chow (n = 10 per group, 16 weeks) to investigate changes in gut microbiota composition at the species level. 53.17% dissimilarity between groups was observed at the species level. Lactobacillus intestinalis dominated the microbiota in rats under the chow diet. However this species was considerably less abundant in rats fed HFD (P<0.0001), this being compensated by an increase in abundance of propionate/acetate producing species. To further understand the influence of these species on the development of the obese phenotype, we correlated their abundance with metabolic parameters associated with obesity. Of the taxa contributing the most to dissimilarity between groups, 10 presented significant correlations with at least one of the tested parameters, three of them correlated positively with all metabolic parameters: Phascolarctobacterium, Proteus mirabilis and Veillonellaceae, all propionate/acetate producers. Lactobacillus intestinalis was the only species whose abundance was negatively correlated with change in body weight and fat mass. This species decreased drastically in response to HFD, favouring propionate/acetate producing bacterial species whose abundance was strongly correlated with adiposity and deterioration of metabolic factors. Our observations suggest that these species may play a key role in the development of obesity in response to a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Lecomte
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nadeem O. Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Mukesh Raipuria
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karina D. Huinao
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hazel M. Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Aguilar-Valles A, Inoue W, Rummel C, Luheshi GN. Obesity, adipokines and neuroinflammation. Neuropharmacology 2015; 96:124-34. [PMID: 25582291 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Global levels of obesity are reaching epidemic proportions, leading to a dramatic increase in incidence of secondary diseases and the significant economic burden associated with their treatment. These comorbidities include diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some psychopathologies, which have been linked to a low-grade inflammatory state. Obese individuals exhibit an increase in circulating inflammatory mediators implicated as the underlying cause of these comorbidities. A number of these molecules are also manufactured and released by white adipose tissue (WAT), in direct proportion to tissue mass and are collectively known as adipokines. In the current review we focused on the role of two of the better-studied members of this family namely, leptin and adiponectin, with particular emphasis on their role in neuro-immune interactions, neuroinflammation and subsequent brain diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argel Aguilar-Valles
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal and Goodman Cancer Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Wataru Inoue
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Department of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Giamal N Luheshi
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada.
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24
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Zhang-Sun W, Augusto LA, Zhao L, Caroff M. Desulfovibrio desulfuricansisolates from the gut of a single individual: Structural and biological lipid A characterization. FEBS Lett 2014; 589:165-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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Kaji I, Karaki SI, Kuwahara A. Short-chain fatty acid receptor and its contribution to glucagon-like peptide-1 release. Digestion 2014; 89:31-6. [PMID: 24458110 DOI: 10.1159/000356211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota affects host homeostasis and dysbiosis causes host diseases. Therefore, uncovering the sensing mechanism of bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) may help us to understand the host-microbiota interaction both in physiological and nonphysiological conditions. SUMMARY The colonic lumen is continually exposed to many kinds of chemicals, including beneficial and harmful compounds that are produced by gut microbiota in addition to ingested nutrients. In the mammalian colon SCFAs such as acetate, propionate and butyrate are produced by bacterial fermentation and reach about 100 mM under physiological conditions. In this decade, SCFA receptor genes and their expression in the intestine have been identified as free fatty acid receptor (FFA)2 and FFA3. The FFAs are located in colonic enteroendocrine L cells producing and releasing an insulinotropic hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and an anorectic hormone, peptide YY. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that SCFAs stimulate gut hormone secretion. Therefore, the SCFA-FFA signal is likely to be important for gut physiological functions. KEY MESSAGE Colonic epithelial cells express chemical receptors that detect the luminal contents, particularly bacterial metabolites, and may be involved in the host's energy metabolism via GLP-1 release, as well as the mucosal defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Kaji
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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26
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Ceppo F, Jager J, Berthou F, Giorgetti-Peraldi S, Cormont M, Bost F, Tanti JF. [Implication of MAP kinases in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance]. Biol Aujourdhui 2014; 208:97-107. [PMID: 25190570 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2014014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is often associated with obesity and is a major risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes as well as cardiovascular and hepatic diseases. Insulin resistance may also increase the incidence or the aggressiveness of some cancers. Insulin resistance occurs owing to defects in insulin signaling in target tissues of this hormone. During the last ten years, it became evident that the chronic low-grade inflammatory state that develops during obesity plays an important role in insulin resistance development. Indeed, inflammatory cytokines activate several signaling pathways that impinge on the insulin signaling pathway. Among them, this review will focus on the implication of the MAP kinases JNK and ERK1/2 signaling in the development of insulin signaling alterations and will discuss the possibility to target these pathways in order to fight insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Ceppo
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Jennifer Jager
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France - Adresse actuelle : Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, and The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Flavien Berthou
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Sophie Giorgetti-Peraldi
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Mireille Cormont
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Fréderic Bost
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
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27
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Abstract
The gut microbiota affects numerous biological functions throughout the body and its characterisation has become a major research area in biomedicine. Recent studies have suggested that gut bacteria play a fundamental role in diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Data are accumulating in animal models and humans suggesting that obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with a profound dysbiosis. First human metagenome-wide association studies demonstrated highly significant correlations of specific intestinal bacteria, certain bacterial genes and respective metabolic pathways with T2D. Importantly, especially butyrate-producing bacteria such as Roseburia intestinalis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii concentrations were lower in T2D subjects. This supports the increasing evidence, that butyrate and other short-chain fatty acids are able to exert profound immunometabolic effects. Endotoxaemia, most likely gut-derived has also been observed in patients with metabolic syndrome and T2D and might play a key role in metabolic inflammation. A further hint towards an association between microbiota and T2D has been derived from studies in pregnancy showing that major gut microbial shifts occurring during pregnancy affect host metabolism. Interestingly, certain antidiabetic drugs such as metformin also interfere with the intestinal microbiota. Specific members of the microbiota such as Akkermansia muciniphila might be decreased in diabetes and when administered to murines exerted antidiabetic effects. Therefore, as a 'gut signature' becomes more evident in T2D, a better understanding of the role of the microbiota in diabetes might provide new aspects regarding its pathophysiological relevance and pave the way for new therapeutic principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander R Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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28
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Kim J, Kwak HJ, Cha JY, Jeong YS, Rhee SD, Kim KR, Cheon HG. Metformin suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in murine macrophages via activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3) induction. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:23246-23255. [PMID: 24973221 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.577908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a well known antidiabetic agent that improves peripheral insulin sensitivity, also elicits anti-inflammatory actions, but its mechanism is unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanism responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of metformin action in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages. Metformin inhibited LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a concentration-dependent manner and in parallel induction of activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3), a transcription factor and member of the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein family. ATF-3 knockdown abolished the inhibitory effects of metformin on LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production accompanied with reversal of metformin-induced suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Conversely, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and NF-κB suppression by metformin were unaffected by ATF-3 knockdown. ChIP-PCR analysis revealed that LPS-induced NF-κB enrichments on the promoters of IL-6 and TNF-α were replaced by ATF-3 upon metformin treatment. AMPK knockdown blunted all the effects of metformin (ATF-3 induction, proinflammatory cytokine inhibition, and MAPK inactivation), suggesting that AMPK activation by metformin is required for and precedes ATF-3 induction. Oral administration of metformin to either mice with LPS-induced endotoxemia or ob/ob mice lowered the plasma and tissue levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and increased ATF-3 expression in spleen and lungs. These results suggest that metformin exhibits anti-inflammatory action in macrophages at least in part via pathways involving AMPK activation and ATF-3 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seung Jeong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Dahl Rhee
- Bioorganic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Taejeon, 305-343, Republic of Korea, and
| | - Kwang Rok Kim
- Bioorganic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Taejeon, 305-343, Republic of Korea, and
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Ramos-Romero S, Molinar-Toribio E, Gómez L, Pérez-Jiménez J, Casado M, Clapés P, Piña B, Torres JL. Effect of (D)-fagomine on excreted Enterobacteria and weight gain in rats fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:976-9. [PMID: 24124117 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Becoming overweight has been related to elevated levels of Enterobacteriales in the gut. d-Fagomine is an iminosugar that has been shown to selectively agglutinate Enterobacteriales in vitro. The goal of this work is to establish whether d-fagomine exerts a similar effect in vivo and whether this has any downstream consequences on weight gain. METHODS The rats were fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS) supplemented with d-fagomine (or not; for comparison) or a standard diet for 5 weeks. The levels of total bacteria, Enterobacteriales and Escherichia coli were determined in fecal samples by performing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions on DNA. RESULTS Whereas the total levels of bacteria were independent of the diet, rats fed HFHS (without d-fagomine) excreted significantly higher proportions of Enterobacteriales and E. coli than those fed a standard diet. The levels of Enterobacteriales and E. coli of the rats given HFHS with d-fagomine were similar to those of the rats fed a standard diet. Compared to the standard group, rats fed HFHS with d-fagomine gained significantly less weight (15.3%) than those fed HFHS (20.9%). CONCLUSION d-Fagomine reduces the amount of Enterobacteriales excreted by rats fed HFHS and this may help to avert becoming obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramos-Romero
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Guo S. Insulin signaling, resistance, and the metabolic syndrome: insights from mouse models into disease mechanisms. J Endocrinol 2014; 220:T1-T23. [PMID: 24281010 PMCID: PMC4087161 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major underlying mechanism responsible for the 'metabolic syndrome', which is also known as insulin resistance syndrome. The incidence of the metabolic syndrome is increasing at an alarming rate, becoming a major public and clinical problem worldwide. The metabolic syndrome is represented by a group of interrelated disorders, including obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. It is also a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and increased morbidity and mortality. Animal studies have demonstrated that insulin and its signaling cascade normally control cell growth, metabolism, and survival through the activation of MAPKs and activation of phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), in which the activation of PI3K associated with insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and IRS2 and subsequent Akt→Foxo1 phosphorylation cascade has a central role in the control of nutrient homeostasis and organ survival. The inactivation of Akt and activation of Foxo1, through the suppression IRS1 and IRS2 in different organs following hyperinsulinemia, metabolic inflammation, and overnutrition, may act as the underlying mechanisms for the metabolic syndrome in humans. Targeting the IRS→Akt→Foxo1 signaling cascade will probably provide a strategy for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and its complications. This review discusses the basis of insulin signaling, insulin resistance in different mouse models, and how a deficiency of insulin signaling components in different organs contributes to the features of the metabolic syndrome. Emphasis is placed on the role of IRS1, IRS2, and associated signaling pathways that are coupled to Akt and the forkhead/winged helix transcription factor Foxo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Guo
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 1901 South 1st Street, Bldg. 205, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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31
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Kheirandish-Gozal L, Peris E, Wang Y, Tamae Kakazu M, Khalyfa A, Carreras A, Gozal D. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein plasma levels in children: effects of obstructive sleep apnea and obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:656-63. [PMID: 24276451 PMCID: PMC3913804 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to obesity, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. The gut microbiota, which serves as reservoir for bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), could be altered by OSA and trigger inflammation. LPS-binding protein (LBP) serves as a surrogate marker of underlying low-grade endotoxemia by LPS from the gut. We hypothesized that systemic LBP levels would be higher in obese children and in those with OSA. METHODS Consecutive snoring and nonsnoring children (mean age 6.8 ± 1.3 y) were included after overnight polysomnography, and fasting levels of lipids, insulin glucose, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were obtained. Children were subdivided into four subgroups based on the presence of obesity or OSA. Plasma LBP levels were assayed using ELISA. RESULTS Of 219 participants, nonobese controls had the lowest levels of LBP, and the presence of obesity without OSA was associated with significant LBP increases. Nonobese children with OSA exhibited increased LBP levels, with obese children with OSA demonstrating the highest LBP levels of all four groups. Furthermore, LBP was independently associated with body mass index and with measures of OSA severity as well as with metabolic dysfunction, particularly insulin resistance as indicated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Systemic low-level endotoxemia and resultant systemic inflammation is present in children who are either obese or suffer from OSA and is particularly prominent when both conditions are present. We postulate that disrupted sleep and other factors facilitating obesity such as a high-fat diet may disrupt the gut microbiome and lead to increased systemic LPS levels with resultant inflammation, promoting downstream metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kheirandish-Gozal
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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32
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Breen DM, Rasmussen BA, Côté CD, Jackson VM, Lam TK. Nutrient-sensing mechanisms in the gut as therapeutic targets for diabetes. Diabetes 2013; 62:3005-13. [PMID: 23970519 PMCID: PMC3749331 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine is traditionally viewed as an organ that mediates nutrient digestion and absorption. This view has recently been revised owing to the ability of the duodenum to sense nutrient influx and trigger negative feedback loops to inhibit glucose production and food intake to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Further, duodenal nutrient-sensing defects are acquired in diabetes and obesity, leading to increased glucose production. In contrast, jejunal nutrient sensing inhibits glucose production and mediates the early antidiabetic effect of bariatric surgery, and gut microbiota composition may alter intestinal nutrient-sensing mechanisms to regain better control of glucose homeostasis in diabetes and obesity in the long term. This perspective highlights nutrient-sensing mechanisms in the gut that regulate glucose homeostasis and the potential of targeting gut nutrient-sensing mechanisms as a therapeutic strategy to lower blood glucose concentrations in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna M. Breen
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany A. Rasmussen
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clémence D. Côté
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - V. Margaret Jackson
- Department of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tony K.T. Lam
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: Tony K.T. Lam,
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Thrush AB, Dent R, McPherson R, Harper ME. Implications of mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle in the development and treatment of obesity. FEBS J 2013; 280:5015-29. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Brianne Thrush
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ontario; Canada
| | - Robert Dent
- Ottawa Hospital Weight Management Clinic; Ottawa Hospital; Ontario; Canada
| | | | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ontario; Canada
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Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Liu B, Li D, Zhang D, Chen H, Liu D. Systems biomedicine: It’s your turn—Recent progress in systems biomedicine. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-013-0009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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McFall-Ngai M, Hadfield MG, Bosch TCG, Carey HV, Domazet-Lošo T, Douglas AE, Dubilier N, Eberl G, Fukami T, Gilbert SF, Hentschel U, King N, Kjelleberg S, Knoll AH, Kremer N, Mazmanian SK, Metcalf JL, Nealson K, Pierce NE, Rawls JF, Reid A, Ruby EG, Rumpho M, Sanders JG, Tautz D, Wernegreen JJ. Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:3229-36. [PMID: 23391737 PMCID: PMC3587249 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1218525110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1588] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the widespread application of genetic and genomic approaches has revealed a bacterial world astonishing in its ubiquity and diversity. This review examines how a growing knowledge of the vast range of animal-bacterial interactions, whether in shared ecosystems or intimate symbioses, is fundamentally altering our understanding of animal biology. Specifically, we highlight recent technological and intellectual advances that have changed our thinking about five questions: how have bacteria facilitated the origin and evolution of animals; how do animals and bacteria affect each other's genomes; how does normal animal development depend on bacterial partners; how is homeostasis maintained between animals and their symbionts; and how can ecological approaches deepen our understanding of the multiple levels of animal-bacterial interaction. As answers to these fundamental questions emerge, all biologists will be challenged to broaden their appreciation of these interactions and to include investigations of the relationships between and among bacteria and their animal partners as we seek a better understanding of the natural world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret McFall-Ngai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | | | - Thomas C. G. Bosch
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hannah V. Carey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | | | - Angela E. Douglas
- Department of Entomology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Nicole Dubilier
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Symbiosis Group, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Gerard Eberl
- Lymphoid Tissue Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Tadashi Fukami
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Scott F. Gilbert
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ute Hentschel
- Julius-von-Sachs Institute, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuezburg, Germany
| | - Nicole King
- Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, and Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | | | - Natacha Kremer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | | | | | - Kenneth Nealson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Naomi E. Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - John F. Rawls
- Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ann Reid
- American Academy of Microbiology, Washington, DC 20036
| | - Edward G. Ruby
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Mary Rumpho
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Jon G. Sanders
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Diethard Tautz
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, D-24306 Plön, Germany; and
| | - Jennifer J. Wernegreen
- Nicholas School and Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
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Design principles for life. Physiology (Bethesda) 2012; 27:281. [PMID: 23026750 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00036.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Lin LK. The Gut in Metabolic Disease. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/201010581202100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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