1
|
Shu H, Parada I, Prince DA, Gu F. Increased excitatory connectivity and epileptiform activity in thrombospondin1/2 knockout mice following cortical trauma. Neurobiol Dis 2024:106634. [PMID: 39122122 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondins (TSPs) are astrocyte-secreted extracellular matrix proteins that play key roles as regulators of synaptogenesis in the central nervous system. We previously showed that TSP1/2 are upregulated in the partial neocortical isolation model ("undercut" or "UC" below) of posttraumatic epileptogenesis and may contribute to abnormal axonal sprouting, aberrant synaptogenesis and epileptiform discharges in the UC cortex. These results led to the hypothesis that posttraumatic epileptogeneis would be reduced in TSP1/2 knockout (TSP1/2 KO) mice. To test the hypothesis, we made UC lesions at P21, and subsequent experiments were conducted 14d later at P35. Ex vivo extracellular single or multi-electrode field potential recordings were obtained from layer V in cortical slices at P35 and in vivo video-EEGs of spontaneous epileptiform bursts were recorded to examine the effect of TSP1/2 deletion on epileptogenesis following cortical injury. Immunohistochemical experiments were performed to assess the effect of TSP1/2 KO + UC on the number of putative excitatory synapses and the expression of TSP4 and HEVIN, other astrocytic proteins known to up-regulate excitatory synapse formation. Unexpectedly, our results showed that, compared with WT + UC mice, TSP1/2 KO + UC mice displayed increased epileptiform activity, as indicated by 1) increased incidence and more rapid propagation of evoked and spontaneous epileptiform discharges in UC neocortical slices; 2) increased occurrence of spontaneous epileptiform discharges in vivo. There was an associated increase in the density of VLUT1/PSD95-IR colocalizations (putative excitatory synapses) and significantly upregulated TSP4- and HEVIN-IR in TSP1/2 KO + UC versus WT + UC mice. Results suggest that TSP1/2 deletion plays a potential epileptogenic role following neocortical injury, associated with compensatory upregulation of TSP4 and HEVIN, which may contribute to the increase in the density of excitatory synapses and resulting neural network hyperexcitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Western Theatre Command, China
| | - Isabel Parada
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David A Prince
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
D'Antoni S, Spatuzza M, Bonaccorso CM, Catania MV. Role of fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 in the pathophysiology of brain disorders: a glia perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105731. [PMID: 38763180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMRP) is a widely expressed RNA binding protein involved in several steps of mRNA metabolism. Mutations in the FMR1 gene encoding FMRP are responsible for fragile X syndrome (FXS), a leading genetic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, and fragile X-associated tremor-ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), a neurodegenerative disorder in aging men. Although FMRP is mainly expressed in neurons, it is also present in glial cells and its deficiency or altered expression can affect functions of glial cells with implications for the pathophysiology of brain disorders. The present review focuses on recent advances on the role of glial subtypes, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia, in the pathophysiology of FXS and FXTAS, and describes how the absence or reduced expression of FMRP in these cells can impact on glial and neuronal functions. We will also briefly address the role of FMRP in radial glial cells and its effects on neural development, and gliomas and will speculate on the role of glial FMRP in other brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S D'Antoni
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | - M Spatuzza
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | - C M Bonaccorso
- Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, via Conte Ruggero 73, Troina 94018, Italy
| | - M V Catania
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Niebergall EB, Weekley D, Mazur A, Olszewski NA, DeSchepper KM, Radant N, Vijay AS, Risher WC. Abnormal Morphology and Synaptogenic Signaling in Astrocytes Following Prenatal Opioid Exposure. Cells 2024; 13:837. [PMID: 38786059 PMCID: PMC11119541 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a dramatic rise in the rates of children being born after in utero exposure to drugs of abuse, particularly opioids. Opioids have been shown to have detrimental effects on neurons and glia in the central nervous system (CNS), but the impact of prenatal opioid exposure (POE) on still-developing synaptic circuitry is largely unknown. Astrocytes exert a powerful influence on synaptic development, secreting factors to either promote or inhibit synapse formation and neuronal maturation in the developing CNS. Here, we investigated the effects of the partial µ-opioid receptor agonist buprenorphine on astrocyte synaptogenic signaling and morphological development in cortical cell culture. Acute buprenorphine treatment had no effect on the excitatory synapse number in astrocyte-free neuron cultures. In conditions where neurons shared culture media with astrocytes, buprenorphine attenuated the synaptogenic capabilities of astrocyte-secreted factors. Neurons cultured from drug-naïve mice showed no change in synapses when treated with factors secreted by astrocytes from POE mice. However, this same treatment was synaptogenic when applied to neurons from POE mice, indicating a complex neuroadaptive response in the event of impaired astrocyte signaling. In addition to promoting morphological and connectivity changes in neurons, POE exerted a strong influence on astrocyte development, disrupting their structural maturation and promoting the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs), suggestive of a maladaptive stress response in the developing CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - W. Christopher Risher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (E.B.N.); (D.W.); (A.M.); (N.A.O.); (K.M.D.); (N.R.); (A.S.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Holt LM, Nestler EJ. Astrocytic transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:409-424. [PMID: 37940687 PMCID: PMC11066772 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is a leading cause of disease burden worldwide and remains a challenge in current neuroscience research. Drug-induced lasting changes in gene expression are mediated by transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in the brain and are thought to underlie behavioral adaptations. Emerging evidence implicates astrocytes in regulating drug-seeking behaviors and demonstrates robust transcriptional response to several substances of abuse. This review focuses on the astrocytic transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of drug action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Holt
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ortega JA, Soares de Aguiar GP, Chandravanshi P, Levy N, Engel E, Álvarez Z. Exploring the properties and potential of the neural extracellular matrix for next-generation regenerative therapies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1962. [PMID: 38723788 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and complex network of proteins and molecules that surrounds cells and tissues in the nervous system and orchestrates a myriad of biological functions. This review carefully examines the diverse interactions between cells and the ECM, as well as the transformative chemical and physical changes that the ECM undergoes during neural development, aging, and disease. These transformations play a pivotal role in shaping tissue morphogenesis and neural activity, thereby influencing the functionality of the central nervous system (CNS). In our comprehensive review, we describe the diverse behaviors of the CNS ECM in different physiological and pathological scenarios and explore the unique properties that make ECM-based strategies attractive for CNS repair and regeneration. Addressing the challenges of scalability, variability, and integration with host tissues, we review how advanced natural, synthetic, and combinatorial matrix approaches enhance biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and functional recovery. Overall, this review highlights the potential of decellularized ECM as a powerful tool for CNS modeling and regenerative purposes and sets the stage for future research in this exciting field. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Alberto Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gisele P Soares de Aguiar
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Palash Chandravanshi
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natacha Levy
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- IMEM-BRT Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zaida Álvarez
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Firth W, Pye KR, Weightman Potter PG. Astrocytes at the intersection of ageing, obesity, and neurodegeneration. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:515-536. [PMID: 38652065 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Once considered passive cells of the central nervous system (CNS), glia are now known to actively maintain the CNS parenchyma; in recent years, the evidence for glial functions in CNS physiology and pathophysiology has only grown. Astrocytes, a heterogeneous group of glial cells, play key roles in regulating the metabolic and inflammatory landscape of the CNS and have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for a variety of disorders. This review will outline astrocyte functions in the CNS in healthy ageing, obesity, and neurodegeneration, with a focus on the inflammatory responses and mitochondrial function, and will address therapeutic outlooks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wyn Firth
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Katherine R Pye
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Paul G Weightman Potter
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dougan CE, Roberts BL, Crosby AJ, Karatsoreos I, Peyton SR. Acute and Chronic Neural and Glial Response to Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Hippocampus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.01.587620. [PMID: 38617329 PMCID: PMC11014627 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an established risk factor for developing neurodegenerative disease. However, how TBI leads from acute injury to chronic neurodegeneration is limited to post-mortem models. There is a lack of connections between in vitro and in vivo TBI models that can relate injury forces to both macroscale tissue damage and brain function at the cellular level. Needle-induced cavitation (NIC) is a technique that can produce small cavitation bubbles in soft tissues, which allows us to relate small strains and strain rates in living tissue to ensuing acute and chronic cell death, tissue damage, and tissue remodeling. Here, we applied NIC to mouse brain slices to create a new model of TBI with high spatial and temporal resolution. We specifically targeted the hippocampus, which is a brain region critical for learning and memory and an area in which injury causes cognitive pathologies in humans and rodent models. By combining NIC with patch-clamp electrophysiology, we demonstrate that NIC in the Cornu Ammonis (CA)3 region of the hippocampus dynamically alters synaptic release onto CA1 pyramidal neurons in a cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R)-dependent manner. Further, we show that NIC induces an increase in extracellular matrix proteins associated with neural repair that is mitigated by CB1R antagonism. Together, these data lay the groundwork for advanced approaches in understanding how TBI impacts neural function at the cellular level, and the development of treatments that promote neural repair in response to brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carey E. Dougan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Engineering, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063
| | - Brandon L. Roberts
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 83072, USA
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 83072, USA
| | - Alfred J. Crosby
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ilia Karatsoreos
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shelly R. Peyton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sirko S, Schichor C, Della Vecchia P, Metzger F, Sonsalla G, Simon T, Bürkle M, Kalpazidou S, Ninkovic J, Masserdotti G, Sauniere JF, Iacobelli V, Iacobelli S, Delbridge C, Hauck SM, Tonn JC, Götz M. Injury-specific factors in the cerebrospinal fluid regulate astrocyte plasticity in the human brain. Nat Med 2023; 29:3149-3161. [PMID: 38066208 PMCID: PMC10719094 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The glial environment influences neurological disease progression, yet much of our knowledge still relies on preclinical animal studies, especially regarding astrocyte heterogeneity. In murine models of traumatic brain injury, beneficial functions of proliferating reactive astrocytes on disease outcome have been unraveled, but little is known regarding if and when they are present in human brain pathology. Here we examined a broad spectrum of pathologies with and without intracerebral hemorrhage and found a striking correlation between lesions involving blood-brain barrier rupture and astrocyte proliferation that was further corroborated in an assay probing for neural stem cell potential. Most importantly, proteomic analysis unraveled a crucial signaling pathway regulating this astrocyte plasticity with GALECTIN3 as a novel marker for proliferating astrocytes and the GALECTIN3-binding protein LGALS3BP as a functional hub mediating astrocyte proliferation and neurosphere formation. Taken together, this work identifies a therapeutically relevant astrocyte response and their molecular regulators in different pathologies affecting the human cerebral cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swetlana Sirko
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Christian Schichor
- Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrizia Della Vecchia
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Giovanna Sonsalla
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tatiana Simon
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martina Bürkle
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sofia Kalpazidou
- Chair of Cell Biology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Cell Biology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- SYNERGY Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Giacomo Masserdotti
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Claire Delbridge
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Christian Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
- SYNERGY Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han S, Kim J, Kim SH, Youn W, Kim J, Ji GY, Yang S, Park J, Lee GM, Kim Y, Choi IS. In vitro induction of in vivo-relevant stellate astrocytes in 3D brain-derived, decellularized extracellular matrices. Acta Biomater 2023; 172:218-233. [PMID: 37788738 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In vitro fabrication of 3D cell culture systems that could provide in vivo tissue-like, structural, and biochemical environments to neural cells is essential not only for fundamental studies on brain function and behavior, but also for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applicable to neural injury and neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, for astrocytes-which actively respond to the surroundings and exhibit varied morphologies based on stimuli (e.g., stiffness and chemicals) in vitro, as well as physiological or pathological conditions in vivo-it is crucial to establish an appropriate milieu in in vitro culture platforms. Herein, we report the induction of in vivo-relevant, stellate-shaped astrocytes derived from cortices of Rattus norvegicus by constructing the 3D cell culture systems of brain-derived, decellularized extracellular matrices (bdECMs). The bdECM hydrogels were mechanically stable and soft, and the bdECM-based 3D scaffolds supplied biochemically active environments that astrocytes could interact with, leading to the development of in vivo-like stellate structures. In addition to the distinct morphology with actively elongated endfeet, the astrocytes, cultured in 3D bdECM scaffolds, would have neurosupportive characteristics, indicated by the accelerated neurite outgrowth in the astrocyte-conditioned media. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing showed that the gene expression profiles of astrocytes cultured in bdECMs were significantly different from those cultured on 2D surfaces. The stellate-shaped astrocytes in the bdECMs were analyzed to have reached a more mature state, for instance, with decreased expression of genes for scaffold ECMs, actin filaments, and cell division. The results suggest that the bdECM-based 3D culture system offers an advanced platform for culturing primary cortical astrocytes and their mixtures with other neural cells, providing a brain-like, structural and biochemical milieu that promotes the maturity and in vivo-like characteristics of astrocytes in both form and gene expression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Decellularized extracellular matrices (dECMs) have emerged as strong candidates for the construction of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures in vitro, owing to the potential to provide native biochemical and physical environments. In this study, we fabricated hydrogels of brain-derived dECMs (bdECMs) and cultured primary astrocytes within the bdECM hydrogels in a 3D context. The cultured astrocytes exhibited a stellate morphology distinct from conventional 2D cultures, featuring tridimensionally elongated endfeet. qRT-PCR and NGS-based transcriptomic analyses revealed gene expression patterns indicative of a more mature state, compared with the 2D culture. Moreover, astrocytes cultured in bdECMs showed neurosupportive characteristics, as demonstrated by the accelerated neurite outgrowth in astrocyte-conditioned media. We believe that the bdECM hydrogel-based culture system can serve as an in vitro model system for astrocytes and their coculture with other neural cells, holding significant potential for neural engineering and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sol Han
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jungnam Kim
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Su Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Wongu Youn
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jihoo Kim
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Gil Yong Ji
- Cannabis Medical, Inc., Asan 31418, South Korea
| | - Seoin Yang
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Joohyouck Park
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | | | - Insung S Choi
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang G, Ren Q, Lin Y, Zhou D, Huang L, Li W, Chang H, Huang G, Li Z, Yan J. Parental folic acid deficiency delays neurobehavioral development in rat offspring by inhibiting the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 122:109455. [PMID: 37788724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal folate status during pregnancy is associated with the neurodevelopment of offspring; however, study results on the association between paternal folate status and offspring neurodevelopment are inconsistent. This study aimed to explore whether parental folic acid deficiency affects the neurobehavioral development of offspring by affecting the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons. In the present study, the offspring were divided into four groups: parental folic acid deficient group (D-D), maternal folic acid deficient and paternal folic acid normal group (D-N), maternal folic acid normal and paternal folic acid deficient group (N-D), and parental folic acid normal group (N-N). For in vivo study, neurobehavioral indexes, and neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the brain hippocampus and cerebral cortex of offspring were measured at different time points. For in vitro study, NSCs were cultured from the hippocampus and striatum, and neuronal and astrocytic differentiation were measured. The results demonstrated that parental folic acid deficiency decreased the brain folate level in offspring, delayed early sensory-motor reflex development, impaired spatial learning and memory ability in adolescence and adulthood, decreased differentiation of NSCs into neurons and increased differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes in vivo and in vitro. These impacts on the neurodevelopment of offspring were most pronounced in D-D group, followed by D-N group and N-D group. In conclusion, parental folic acid deficiency inhibits the neurobehavioral development of offspring, possibly by inhibiting the differentiation of NSCs into neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoquan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghan Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dezheng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenshu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jing Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Trotier A, Bagnoli E, Walski T, Evers J, Pugliese E, Lowery M, Kilcoyne M, Fitzgerald U, Biggs M. Micromotion Derived Fluid Shear Stress Mediates Peri-Electrode Gliosis through Mechanosensitive Ion Channels. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301352. [PMID: 37518828 PMCID: PMC10520674 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of bioelectronic neural implant technologies has advanced significantly over the past 5 years, particularly in brain-machine interfaces and electronic medicine. However, neuroelectrode-based therapies require invasive neurosurgery and can subject neural tissues to micromotion-induced mechanical shear, leading to chronic inflammation, the formation of a peri-electrode void and the deposition of reactive glial scar tissue. These structures act as physical barriers, hindering electrical signal propagation and reducing neural implant functionality. Although well documented, the mechanisms behind the initiation and progression of these processes are poorly understood. Herein, in silico analysis of micromotion-induced peri-electrode void progression and gliosis is described. Subsequently, ventral mesencephalic cells exposed to milliscale fluid shear stress in vitro exhibited increased expression of gliosis-associated proteins and overexpression of mechanosensitive ion channels PIEZO1 (piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1) and TRPA1 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1), effects further confirmed in vivo in a rat model of peri-electrode gliosis. Furthermore, in vitro analysis indicates that chemical inhibition/activation of PIEZO1 affects fluid shear stress mediated astrocyte reactivity in a mitochondrial-dependent manner. Together, the results suggest that mechanosensitive ion channels play a major role in the development of a peri-electrode void and micromotion-induced glial scarring at the peri-electrode region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Trotier
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM)University of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Galway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Enrico Bagnoli
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM)University of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Galway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Tomasz Walski
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM)University of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of Fundamental Problems of TechnologyWrocław University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw50‐370Poland
| | - Judith Evers
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
| | - Eugenia Pugliese
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM)University of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Madeleine Lowery
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM)University of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Galway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Carbohydrate Signalling GroupDiscipline of MicrobiologyUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Una Fitzgerald
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM)University of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Galway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Manus Biggs
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM)University of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
- Galway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Woo AM, Sontheimer H. Interactions between astrocytes and extracellular matrix structures contribute to neuroinflammation-associated epilepsy pathology. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2023; 3:1198021. [PMID: 39086689 PMCID: PMC11285605 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2023.1198021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Often considered the "housekeeping" cells of the brain, astrocytes have of late been rising to the forefront of neurodegenerative disorder research. Identified as crucial components of a healthy brain, it is undeniable that when astrocytes are dysfunctional, the entire brain is thrown into disarray. We offer epilepsy as a well-studied neurological disorder in which there is clear evidence of astrocyte contribution to diseases as evidenced across several different disease models, including mouse models of hippocampal sclerosis, trauma associated epilepsy, glioma-associated epilepsy, and beta-1 integrin knockout astrogliosis. In this review we suggest that astrocyte-driven neuroinflammation, which plays a large role in the pathology of epilepsy, is at least partially modulated by interactions with perineuronal nets (PNNs), highly structured formations of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These matrix structures affect synaptic placement, but also intrinsic neuronal properties such as membrane capacitance, as well as ion buffering in their immediate milieu all of which alters neuronal excitability. We propose that the interactions between PNNs and astrocytes contribute to the disease progression of epilepsy vis a vis neuroinflammation. Further investigation and alteration of these interactions to reduce the resultant neuroinflammation may serve as a potential therapeutic target that provides an alternative to the standard anti-seizure medications from which patients are so frequently unable to benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AnnaLin M. Woo
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Neuroscience Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Neuroscience Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dwivedi I, Caldwell AB, Zhou D, Wu W, Subramaniam S, Haddad GG. Methadone alters transcriptional programs associated with synapse formation in human cortical organoids. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:151. [PMID: 37147277 PMCID: PMC10163238 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) among pregnant women has become an epidemic in the United States. Pharmacological interventions for maternal OUD most commonly involve methadone, a synthetic opioid analgesic that attenuates withdrawal symptoms and behaviors linked with drug addiction. However, evidence of methadone's ability to readily accumulate in neural tissue, and cause long-term neurocognitive sequelae, has led to concerns regarding its effect on prenatal brain development. We utilized human cortical organoid (hCO) technology to probe how this drug impacts the earliest mechanisms of cortico-genesis. Bulk mRNA sequencing of 2-month-old hCOs chronically treated with a clinically relevant dose of 1 μM methadone for 50 days revealed a robust transcriptional response to methadone associated with functional components of the synapse, the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM), and cilia. Co-expression network and predictive protein-protein interaction analyses demonstrated that these changes occurred in concert, centered around a regulatory axis of growth factors, developmental signaling pathways, and matricellular proteins (MCPs). TGFβ1 was identified as an upstream regulator of this network and appeared as part of a highly interconnected cluster of MCPs, of which thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) was most prominently downregulated and exhibited dose-dependent reductions in protein levels. These results demonstrate that methadone exposure during early cortical development alters transcriptional programs associated with synaptogenesis, and that these changes arise by functionally modulating extra-synaptic molecular mechanisms in the ECM and cilia. Our findings provide novel insight into the molecular underpinnings of methadone's putative effect on cognitive and behavioral development and a basis for improving interventions for maternal opioid addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ila Dwivedi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew B Caldwell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ng NS, Newbery M, Touffu A, Maksour S, Chung J, Carroll L, Zaw T, Wu Y, Ooi L. Edaravone and mitochondrial transfer as potential therapeutics for vanishing white matter disease astrocyte dysfunction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36971196 PMCID: PMC10401142 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has suggested that vanishing white matter disease (VWMD) astrocytes fail to fully differentiate and respond differently to cellular stresses compared to healthy astrocytes. However, few studies have investigated potential VWMD therapeutics in monoculture patient-derived cell-based models. METHODS To investigate the impact of alterations in astrocyte expression and function in VWMD, astrocytes were differentiated from patient and control induced pluripotent stem cells and analyzed by proteomics, pathway analysis, and functional assays, in the absence and presence of stressors or potential therapeutics. RESULTS Vanishing white matter disease astrocytes demonstrated significantly reduced expression of astrocyte markers and markers of inflammatory activation or cellular stress relative to control astrocytes. These alterations were identified both in the presence and absence of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid stimuli, which is used to simulate viral infections. Pathway analysis highlighted differential signaling in multiple pathways in VWMD astrocytes, including eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2) signaling, oxidative stress, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondrial function, the unfolded protein response (UPR), phagosome regulation, autophagy, ER stress, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, glycolysis, tRNA signaling, and senescence pathways. Since oxidative stress and mitochondrial function were two of the key pathways affected, we investigated whether two independent therapeutic strategies could ameliorate astrocyte dysfunction: edaravone treatment and mitochondrial transfer. Edaravone treatment reduced differential VWMD protein expression of the UPR, phagosome regulation, ubiquitination, autophagy, ER stress, senescence, and TCA cycle pathways. Meanwhile, mitochondrial transfer decreased VWMD differential expression of the UPR, glycolysis, calcium transport, phagosome formation, and ER stress pathways, while further modulating EIF2 signaling, tRNA signaling, TCA cycle, and OXPHOS pathways. Mitochondrial transfer also increased the gene and protein expression of the astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in VWMD astrocytes. CONCLUSION This study provides further insight into the etiology of VWMD astrocytic failure and suggests edaravone and mitochondrial transfer as potential candidate VWMD therapeutics that can ameliorate disease pathways in astrocytes related to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and proteostasis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Garrett EC, Bielawski AM, Ruchti E, Sherer LM, Waghmare I, Hess-Homeier D, McCabe BD, Stowers RS, Certel SJ. The matricellular protein Drosophila Cellular Communication Network Factor is required for synaptic transmission and female fertility. Genetics 2023; 223:iyac190. [PMID: 36602539 PMCID: PMC9991515 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the extracellular matrix, matricellular proteins are dynamically expressed nonstructural proteins that interact with cell surface receptors, growth factors, and proteases, as well as with structural matrix proteins. The cellular communication network factors family of matricellular proteins serve regulatory roles to regulate cell function and are defined by their conserved multimodular organization. Here, we characterize the expression and neuronal requirement for the Drosophila cellular communication network factor family member. Drosophila cellular communication network factor is expressed in the nervous system throughout development including in subsets of monoamine-expressing neurons. Drosophila cellular communication network factor-expressing abdominal ganglion neurons innervate the ovaries and uterus and the loss of Drosophila cellular communication network factor results in reduced female fertility. In addition, Drosophila cellular communication network factor accumulates at the synaptic cleft and is required for neurotransmission at the larval neuromuscular junction. Analyzing the function of the single Drosophila cellular communication network factor family member will enhance our potential to understand how the microenvironment impacts neurotransmitter release in distinct cellular contexts and in response to activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley M Bielawski
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Evelyne Ruchti
- Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lewis M Sherer
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Indrayani Waghmare
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David Hess-Homeier
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Brian D McCabe
- Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Steven Stowers
- Department of Cell Biology and Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Sarah J Certel
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee EH, Kim M, Ko SH, Kim CH, Lee M, Park CH. Primary astrocytic mitochondrial transplantation ameliorates ischemic stroke. BMB Rep 2023; 56:90-95. [PMID: 36195567 PMCID: PMC9978364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles that regulate adenosine triphosphate production, intracellular calcium buffering, cell survival, and apoptosis. They play therapeutic roles in injured cells via transcellular transfer through extracellular vesicles, gap junctions, and tunneling nanotubes. Astrocytes can secrete numerous factors known to promote neuronal survival, synaptic formation, and plasticity. Recent studies have demonstrated that astrocytes can transfer mitochondria to damaged neurons to enhance their viability and recovery. In this study, we observed that treatment with mitochondria isolated from rat primary astrocytes enhanced cell viability and ameliorated hydrogen peroxide-damaged neurons. Interestingly, isolated astrocytic mitochondria increased the number of cells under damaged neuronal conditions, but not under normal conditions, although the mitochondrial transfer efficiency did not differ between the two conditions. This effect was also observed after transplanting astrocytic mitochondria in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. These findings suggest that mitochondria transfer therapy can be used to treat acute ischemic stroke and other diseases. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 90-95].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Lee
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | | | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul 04763, Korea,Corresponding authors. Minhyung Lee, Tel: +82-2-2220-0484; Fax: +82-2-2220-4454; E-mail: ; Chang-Hwan Park, Tel: +82-2-2220-0646; Fax: +82-2-2220-2422; E-mail: chshpark@ hanyang.ac.kr
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 04763, Korea,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea,Corresponding authors. Minhyung Lee, Tel: +82-2-2220-0484; Fax: +82-2-2220-4454; E-mail: ; Chang-Hwan Park, Tel: +82-2-2220-0646; Fax: +82-2-2220-2422; E-mail: chshpark@ hanyang.ac.kr
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jang YO, Ahn HS, Dao TNT, Hong J, Shin W, Lim YM, Chung SJ, Lee JH, Liu H, Koo B, Kim MG, Kim K, Lee EJ, Shin Y. Magnetic transferrin nanoparticles (MTNs) assay as a novel isolation approach for exosomal biomarkers in neurological diseases. Biomater Res 2023; 27:12. [PMID: 36797805 PMCID: PMC9936675 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived exosomes released into the blood are considered a liquid biopsy to investigate the pathophysiological state, reflecting the aberrant heterogeneous pathways of pathological progression of the brain in neurological diseases. Brain-derived blood exosomes provide promising prospects for the diagnosis of neurological diseases, with exciting possibilities for the early and sensitive diagnosis of such diseases. However, the capability of traditional exosome isolation assays to specifically isolate blood exosomes and to characterize the brain-derived blood exosomal proteins by high-throughput proteomics for clinical specimens from patients with neurological diseases cannot be assured. We report a magnetic transferrin nanoparticles (MTNs) assay, which combined transferrin and magnetic nanoparticles to isolate brain-derived blood exosomes from clinical samples. METHODS The principle of the MTNs assay is a ligand-receptor interaction through transferrin on MTNs and transferrin receptor on exosomes, and electrostatic interaction via positively charged MTNs and negatively charged exosomes to isolate brain-derived blood exosomes. In addition, the MTNs assay is simple and rapid (< 35 min) and does not require any large instrument. We confirmed that the MTNs assay accurately and efficiently isolated exosomes from serum samples of humans with neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia, Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, we isolated exosomes from serum samples of 30 patients with three distinct neurodegenerative diseases and performed unbiased proteomic analysis to explore the pilot value of brain-derived blood protein profiles as biomarkers. RESULTS Using comparative statistical analysis, we found 21 candidate protein biomarkers that were significantly different among three groups of neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION The MTNs assay is a convenient approach for the specific and affordable isolation of extracellular vesicles from body fluids for minimally-invasive diagnosis of neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ok Jang
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Ahn
- grid.413967.e0000 0001 0842 2126Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy Nguyen Thi Dao
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - JeongYeon Hong
- grid.413967.e0000 0001 0842 2126Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea ,grid.267370.70000 0004 0533 4667Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Wangyong Shin
- grid.413967.e0000 0001 0842 2126Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lim
- grid.413967.e0000 0001 0842 2126Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- grid.413967.e0000 0001 0842 2126Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- grid.413967.e0000 0001 0842 2126Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Huifang Liu
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Gyu Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee EH, Kim M, Ko SH, Kim CH, Lee M, Park CH. Primary astrocytic mitochondrial transplantation ameliorates ischemic stroke. BMB Rep 2023; 56:90-95. [PMID: 36195567 PMCID: PMC9978364 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles that regulate adenosine triphosphate production, intracellular calcium buffering, cell survival, and apoptosis. They play therapeutic roles in injured cells via transcellular transfer through extracellular vesicles, gap junctions, and tunneling nanotubes. Astrocytes can secrete numerous factors known to promote neuronal survival, synaptic formation, and plasticity. Recent studies have demonstrated that astrocytes can transfer mitochondria to damaged neurons to enhance their viability and recovery. In this study, we observed that treatment with mitochondria isolated from rat primary astrocytes enhanced cell viability and ameliorated hydrogen peroxide-damaged neurons. Interestingly, isolated astrocytic mitochondria increased the number of cells under damaged neuronal conditions, but not under normal conditions, although the mitochondrial transfer efficiency did not differ between the two conditions. This effect was also observed after transplanting astrocytic mitochondria in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. These findings suggest that mitochondria transfer therapy can be used to treat acute ischemic stroke and other diseases. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 90-95].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Lee
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | | | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liang QQ, Yao M, Cui XJ, Li ZY, Zhou AF, Li G, Zhou LY, Pu PM, Zhu K, Zheng Z, Wang YJ. Chronic spinal cord compression associated with intervertebral disc degeneration in SPARC-null mice. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:634-642. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.350210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
20
|
Soden PA, Henderson AR, Lee E. A Microfluidic Model of AQP4 Polarization Dynamics and Fluid Transport in the Healthy and Inflamed Human Brain: The First Step Towards Glymphatics-on-a-Chip. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200027. [PMID: 35922370 PMCID: PMC9771879 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-dependent glymphatic waste clearance pathway has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is difficult to unravel the causative relationship between glymphatic dysfunction, AQP4 depolarization, protein aggregation, and inflammation in neurodegeneration using animal models alone. There is currently a clear, unmet need for in vitro models of the brain's waterscape, and the first steps towards a bona fide "glymphatics-on-a-chip" are taken in the present study. It is demonstrated that chronic exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), amyloid-β(1-42) oligomers, and an AQP4 inhibitor impairs the drainage of fluid and amyloid-β(1-40) tracer in a gliovascular unit (GVU)-on-a-chip model containing human astrocytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells. The LPS-induced drainage impairment is partially retained following cell lysis, indicating that neuroinflammation induces parallel changes in cell-dependent and matrisome-dependent fluid transport pathways in GVU-on-a-chip. Additionally, AQP4 depolarization is observed following LPS treatment, suggesting that LPS-induced drainage impairments on-chip may be driven in part by changes in AQP4-dependent fluid dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Soden
- College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Aria R Henderson
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
He K, Li C, Yuan H, Jiang K, Deng G. Immunological role and prognostic value of SPARCL1 in pan-cancer analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610687. [PMID: 36483097 PMCID: PMC9722748 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-like 1 (SPARCL1) was a kind of extracellular matrix glycoprotein. SPARCL1 was strongly inhibited in most cancers. However, the potential functions of SPARCL1 in the pan-cancer cohort have not been widely studied. Methods: We evaluated the transcriptional level and the prognostic value of SPARCL1 in 33 types of cancer and revealed the relationship between genetic alterations of SPARCL1 and the tumor mutation burden. Meanwhile, we assessed the correlations between SPARCL1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes across cancers. Results: The transcriptional level of SPARCL1 was inhibited in most cancers. Although SPARCL1 was down-regulated in most cancers, SPARCL1 might play a protective or detrimental role in different cancers. We demonstrated that mutation count was elevated in the altered SPARCL1 group in several cancers. Additionally, we found a significant positive correlation between SPARCL1 and macrophage infiltration levels in most cancers. Especially, marker sets of M2 macrophages were strongly related to SPARCL1 in cholangiocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, rectum adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Our study found that SPARCL1 might work as a biomarker for prognosis and immune infiltration in pan-cancer analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangwei He
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,Department of Urology Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changjiu Li
- Department of Urology Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,Department of Urology Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Jiang
- Department of Urology Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Urology Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Gang Deng,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tewari BP, Chaunsali L, Prim CE, Sontheimer H. A glial perspective on the extracellular matrix and perineuronal net remodeling in the central nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1022754. [PMID: 36339816 PMCID: PMC9630365 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1022754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A structural scaffold embedding brain cells and vasculature is known as extracellular matrix (ECM). The physical appearance of ECM in the central nervous system (CNS) ranges from a diffused, homogeneous, amorphous, and nearly omnipresent matrix to highly organized distinct morphologies such as basement membranes and perineuronal nets (PNNs). ECM changes its composition and organization during development, adulthood, aging, and in several CNS pathologies. This spatiotemporal dynamic nature of the ECM and PNNs brings a unique versatility to their functions spanning from neurogenesis, cell migration and differentiation, axonal growth, and pathfinding cues, etc., in the developing brain, to stabilizing synapses, neuromodulation, and being an active partner of tetrapartite synapses in the adult brain. The malleability of ECM and PNNs is governed by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Glial cells are among the major extrinsic factors that facilitate the remodeling of ECM and PNN, thereby acting as key regulators of diverse functions of ECM and PNN in health and diseases. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of PNNs and how glial cells are central to ECM and PNN remodeling in normal and pathological states of the CNS.
Collapse
|
23
|
Enhancement of Neuroglial Extracellular Matrix Formation and Physiological Activity of Dopaminergic Neural Cocultures by Macromolecular Crowding. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142131. [PMID: 35883574 PMCID: PMC9317039 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroglial extracellular matrix (ECM) provides critical support and physiological cues for the proper growth, differentiation, and function of neuronal cells in the brain. However, in most in vitro settings that study neural physiology, cells are grown as monolayers on stiff surfaces that maximize adhesion and proliferation, and, therefore, they lack the physiological cues that ECM in native neuronal tissues provides. Macromolecular crowding (MMC) is a biophysical phenomenon based on the principle of excluded volume that can be harnessed to induce native ECM deposition by cells in culture. Here, we show that MMC using two species of Ficoll with vitamin C supplementation significantly boosts deposition of relevant brain ECM by cultured human astrocytes. Dopaminergic neurons cocultured on this astrocyte–ECM bed prepared under MMC treatment showed longer and denser neuronal extensions, a higher number of pre ad post synaptic contacts, and increased physiological activity, as evidenced by higher frequency calcium oscillation, compared to standard coculture conditions. When the pharmacological activity of various compounds was tested on MMC-treated cocultures, their responses were enhanced, and for apomorphine, a D2-receptor agonist, it was inverted in comparison to control cell culture conditions, thus emulating responses observed in in vivo settings. These results indicate that macromolecular crowding can harness the ECM-building potential of human astrocytes in vitro forming an ultra-flat 3D microenvironment that makes neural cultures more physiological and pharmacological relevant.
Collapse
|
24
|
Allnoch L, Leitzen E, Zdora I, Baumgärtner W, Hansmann F. Astrocyte depletion alters extracellular matrix composition in the demyelinating phase of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270239. [PMID: 35714111 PMCID: PMC9205503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes produce extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins contributing to the blood-brain barrier and regulating the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of astrocyte depletion upon the clinical outcome and the composition of ECM glycoproteins in a virus-induced animal model of demyelination. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-thymidine-kinase transgenic SJL (GFAP-knockout) and wildtype mice were infected with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). Astrocyte depletion was induced during the progressive, demyelinating disease phase by ganciclovir administration once daily between 56 and 77 days post infection (dpi). At 77 dpi GFAP-knockout mice showed a significant deterioration of clinical signs associated with a reduction of azan and picrosirius red stained ECM-molecules in the thoracic spinal cord. Basement-membrane-associated ECM-molecules including laminin, entactin/nidogen-1 and Kir4.1 as well as non-basement membrane-associated ECM-molecules like collagen I, decorin, tenascin-R and CD44 were significantly reduced in the spinal cord of GFAP-knockout mice. The reduction of the investigated ECM-molecules demonstrates that astrocytes play a key role in the production of ECM-molecules. The present findings indicate that the detected loss of Kir4.1 and CD44 as well as the disruption of the integrity of perineuronal nets led to the deterioration of clinical signs in GFAP-knockout mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Allnoch
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Leitzen
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Zdora
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian Hansmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Brewer KD, Shi SM, Wyss-Coray T. Unraveling protein dynamics to understand the brain - the next molecular frontier. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:45. [PMID: 35717317 PMCID: PMC9206758 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The technological revolution to measure global gene expression at the single-cell level is currently transforming our knowledge of the brain and neurological diseases, leading from a basic understanding of genetic regulators and risk factors to one of more complex gene interactions and biological pathways. Looking ahead, our next challenge will be the reliable measurement and understanding of proteins. We describe in this review how to apply new, powerful methods of protein labeling, tracking, and detection. Recent developments of these methods now enable researchers to uncover protein mechanisms in vivo that may previously have only been hypothesized. These methods are also useful for discovering new biology because how proteins regulate systemic interactions is not well understood in most cases, such as how they travel through the bloodstream to distal targets or cross the blood–brain barrier. Genetic sequencing of DNA and RNA have enabled many great discoveries in the past 20 years, and now, the protein methods described here are creating a more complete picture of how cells to whole organisms function. It is likely that these developments will generate another transformation in biomedical research and our understanding of the brain and will ultimately allow for patient-specific medicine on a protein level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Brewer
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sophia M Shi
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lattke M, Guillemot F. Understanding astrocyte differentiation: Clinical relevance, technical challenges, and new opportunities in the omics era. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1557. [PMID: 35546493 PMCID: PMC9539907 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are a major type of glial cells that have essential functions in development and homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). Immature astrocytes in the developing CNS support neuronal maturation and possess neural-stem-cell-like properties. Mature astrocytes partially lose these functions but gain new functions essential for adult CNS homeostasis. In pathological conditions, astrocytes become "reactive", which disrupts their mature homeostatic functions and reactivates some immature astrocyte-like properties, suggesting a partial reversal of astrocyte maturation. The loss of homeostatic astrocyte functions contributes to the pathogenesis of various neurological conditions, and therefore activating maturation-promoting mechanisms may be a promising therapeutic strategy to restore homeostasis. Manipulating the mechanisms underlying astrocyte maturation might also allow to facilitate CNS regeneration by enhancing developmental functions of adult astrocytes. However, such therapeutic strategies are still some distance away because of our limited understanding of astrocyte differentiation and maturation, due to biological and technical challenges, including the high degree of similarity of astrocytes with neural stem cells and the shortcomings of astrocyte markers. Current advances in systems biology have a huge potential to overcome these challenges. Recent transcriptomic analyses have already revealed new astrocyte markers and new regulators of astrocyte differentiation. However, the epigenomic changes that presumably occur during astrocyte differentiation remain an important, largely unexplored area for future research. Emerging technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9-based functional screens will further improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying astrocyte differentiation. This may open up new clinical approaches to restore homeostasis in neurological disorders and/or promote CNS regeneration. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lattke
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Francois Guillemot
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fu M, Peng D, Lan T, Wei Y, Wei X. Multifunctional regulatory protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF): A potential therapeutic target for diverse diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1740-1760. [PMID: 35847511 PMCID: PMC9279711 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a multifunctional protein of the CCN family, regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and a variety of other biological processes. It is involved in the disease-related pathways such as the Hippo pathway, p53 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathways and thus contributes to the developments of inflammation, fibrosis, cancer and other diseases as a downstream effector. Therefore, CTGF might be a potential therapeutic target for treating various diseases. In recent years, the research on the potential of CTGF in the treatment of diseases has also been paid more attention. Several drugs targeting CTGF (monoclonal antibodies FG3149 and FG3019) are being assessed by clinical or preclinical trials and have shown promising outcomes. In this review, the cellular events regulated by CTGF, and the relationships between CTGF and pathogenesis of diseases are systematically summarized. In addition, we highlight the current researches, focusing on the preclinical and clinical trials concerned with CTGF as the therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
28
|
Scalabrino G. Newly Identified Deficiencies in the Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System and Their Impact on the Remyelination Failure. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040815. [PMID: 35453565 PMCID: PMC9026986 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains enigmatic and controversial. Myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS) insulate axons and allow saltatory nerve conduction. MS brings about the destruction of myelin sheaths and the myelin-producing oligodendrocytes (ODCs). The conundrum of remyelination failure is, therefore, crucial in MS. In this review, the roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF), normal prions, and cobalamin in CNS myelinogenesis are briefly summarized. Thereafter, some findings of other authors and ourselves on MS and MS-like models are recapitulated, because they have shown that: (a) EGF is significantly decreased in the CNS of living or deceased MS patients; (b) its repeated administration to mice in various MS-models prevents demyelination and inflammatory reaction; (c) as was the case for EGF, normal prion levels are decreased in the MS CNS, with a strong correspondence between liquid and tissue levels; and (d) MS cobalamin levels are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid, but decreased in the spinal cord. In fact, no remyelination can occur in MS if these molecules (essential for any form of CNS myelination) are lacking. Lastly, other non-immunological MS abnormalities are reviewed. Together, these results have led to a critical reassessment of MS pathogenesis, partly because EGF has little or no role in immunology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scalabrino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Taylor X, Cisternas P, Jury N, Martinez P, Huang X, You Y, Redding-Ochoa J, Vidal R, Zhang J, Troncoso J, Lasagna-Reeves CA. Activated endothelial cells induce a distinct type of astrocytic reactivity. Commun Biol 2022; 5:282. [PMID: 35351973 PMCID: PMC8964703 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is a universal response of astrocytes to abnormal events and injuries. Studies have shown that proinflammatory microglia can polarize astrocytes (designated A1 astrocytes) toward a neurotoxic phenotype characterized by increased Complement Component 3 (C3) expression. It is still unclear if inflammatory stimuli from other cell types may also be capable of inducing a subset of C3+ neurotoxic astrocytes. Here, we show that a subtype of C3+ neurotoxic astrocytes is induced by activated endothelial cells that is distinct from astrocytes activated by microglia. Furthermore, we show that endothelial-induced astrocytes have upregulated expression of A1 astrocytic genes and exhibit a distinctive extracellular matrix remodeling profile. Finally, we demonstrate that endothelial-induced astrocytes are Decorin-positive and are associated with vascular amyloid deposits but not parenchymal amyloid plaques in mouse models and AD/CAA patients. These findings demonstrate the existence of potentially extensive and subtle functional diversity of C3+-reactive astrocytes. Injured endothelial cells are shown to induce an A1 phenotype in astrocytes, characterized by a genetic signature associated with extracellular matrix remodeling factors (e.g. decorin and vascular Aß deposits).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Taylor
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Neuroscience Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46225, USA
| | - Pablo Cisternas
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Nur Jury
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Pablo Martinez
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yanwen You
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Javier Redding-Ochoa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruben Vidal
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Juan Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cristian A Lasagna-Reeves
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bouvier DS, Fixemer S, Heurtaux T, Jeannelle F, Frauenknecht KBM, Mittelbronn M. The Multifaceted Neurotoxicity of Astrocytes in Ageing and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Translational Perspective. Front Physiol 2022; 13:814889. [PMID: 35370777 PMCID: PMC8969602 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.814889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a healthy physiological context, astrocytes are multitasking cells contributing to central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, defense, and immunity. In cell culture or rodent models of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), numerous studies have shown that astrocytes can adopt neurotoxic phenotypes that could enhance disease progression. Chronic inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, unbalanced phagocytosis, or alteration of their core physiological roles are the main manifestations of their detrimental states. However, if astrocytes are directly involved in brain deterioration by exerting neurotoxic functions in patients with NDDs is still controversial. The large spectrum of NDDs, with often overlapping pathologies, and the technical challenges associated with the study of human brain samples complexify the analysis of astrocyte involvement in specific neurodegenerative cascades. With this review, we aim to provide a translational overview about the multi-facets of astrocyte neurotoxicity ranging from in vitro findings over mouse and human cell-based studies to rodent NDDs research and finally evidence from patient-related research. We also discuss the role of ageing in astrocytes encompassing changes in physiology and response to pathologic stimuli and how this may prime detrimental responses in NDDs. To conclude, we discuss how potentially therapeutic strategies could be adopted to alleviate or reverse astrocytic toxicity and their potential to impact neurodegeneration and dementia progression in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Bouvier
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: David S. Bouvier,
| | - Sonja Fixemer
- Luxembourg Center of Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Systems Biology Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Félicia Jeannelle
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Katrin B. M. Frauenknecht
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Cancer Research (DOCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology, and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Michel Mittelbronn,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Düzenli N, Ülker S, Şengül G, Kayhan B, Önal A. Effects of cyanocobalamin and its combination with morphine on neuropathic rats and the relationship between these effects and thrombospondin-4 expression. Korean J Pain 2022; 35:66-77. [PMID: 34966013 PMCID: PMC8728557 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.1.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) upregulates in the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury and contributes to the development of neuropathic pain (NP). We investigated the effects of cyanocobalamin alone or in combination with morphine on pain and the relationship between these effects and spinal TSP4 expression in neuropathic rats. Methods NP was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Cyanocobalamin (5 and 10 mg/kg/day) was administered 15 days before CCI and then for 4 and 14 postoperative days. Morphine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day) was administered only post-CCI. Combination treatment included cyanocobalamin and morphine, 10 and 5 mg/kg/day, respectively. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally. Nociceptive thresholds were detected by esthesiometer, analgesia meter, and plantar test, and TSP4 expression was assessed by western blotting and fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Results CCI decreased nociceptive thresholds in all tests and induced TSP4 expression on the 4th postoperative day. The decrease in nociceptive thresholds persisted except for the plantar test, and the increased TSP4 expression reversed on the 14th postoperative day. Cyanocobalamin and low-dose morphine alone did not produce any antinociceptive effects. High-dose morphine improved the decreased nociceptive thresholds in the esthesiometer when administered alone but combined with cyanocobalamin in all tests. Cyanocobalamin and morphine significantly induced TSP4 expression when administered alone in both doses for 4 or 14 days. However, this increase was less when the two drugs are combined. Conclusions The combination of cyanocobalamin and morphine is more effective in antinociception and partially decreased the induced TSP4 expression compared to the use of either drug alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Düzenli
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ülker
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülgün Şengül
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Buse Kayhan
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aytül Önal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kawon K, Setkowicz Z, Drozdz A, Janeczko K, Chwiej J. The methods of vibrational microspectroscopy reveals long-term biochemical anomalies within the region of mechanical injury within the rat brain. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 263:120214. [PMID: 34325168 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), meaning functional or structural brain damage which appear as a result of the application of the external physical force, constitutes the main cause of death and disability of individuals and a great socioeconomic problem. To search for the new therapeutic strategies for TBI, better knowledge about posttraumatic pathological changes occurring in the brain is necessary. Therefore in the present paper the Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and Raman microscopy were used to examine local and remote biochemical changes occurring in the rat brain as a result of focal cortex injury. The site of the injury and the dorsal part of the hippocampal formation together with the above situated cortex and white matter were the subject of the study. The topographic and quantitative biochemical analysis followed with the statistical study using principal component analysis showed significant biomolecular anomalies within the lesion site but not in the area of the dorsal hippocampal formation and in the above situated white matter and cortex. The observed intralesional anomalies included significantly decreased accumulation of lipids and their structural changes within the place of injury. Also the levels of compounds containing phosphate and carbonyl groups were lower within the lesion site comparing to the surrounding cortex. The opposite relation was, in turn, found for the bands characteristic to proteins and cholesterol/cholesterol esters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kawon
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Setkowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Drozdz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Janeczko
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Chwiej
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Converging purinergic and immune signaling pathways drive IL-6 secretion by Fragile X cortical astrocytes via STAT3. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 361:577745. [PMID: 34695768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The symptoms of Fragile X syndrome (FXS) are driven in part by abnormal glial-mediated function. FXS astrocytes release elevated levels of immune-related factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tenascin C (TNC), and also demonstrate increased purinergic signaling, a pathway linked to signaling factor release. Here, in cortical astrocytes from the Fmr1 knockout (KO) FXS mouse model, purinergic agonism enhanced TNC secretion and STAT3 phosphorylation, two processes linked to elevated IL-6 secretion in FXS, while STAT3 knockdown and TLR4 antagonism normalized Fmr1 KO IL-6 release. We therefore suggest that purinergic signaling and immune regulatory pathways converge to drive FXS cortical pro-inflammatory responses.
Collapse
|
34
|
Okada T, Suzuki H, Travis ZD, Altay O, Tang J, Zhang JH. SPARC Aggravates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via Integrin αV β3/MAPKs/MMP-9 Signaling Pathway after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9739977. [PMID: 34804372 PMCID: PMC8601826 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9739977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a common and critical pathology following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We investigated the BBB disruption property of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) after SAH. A total of 197 rats underwent endovascular perforation to induce SAH or sham operation. Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) for SPARC or scrambled siRNA was administered intracerebroventricularly to rats 48 h before SAH. Anti-SPARC monoclonal antibody (mAb) 236 for functional blocking or normal mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) was administered intracerebroventricularly 1 h after SAH. Selective integrin αVβ3 inhibitor cyclo(-RGDfK) or phosphate-buffered saline was administered intranasally 1 h before SAH, along with recombinant SPARC treatment. Neurobehavior, SAH severity, brain edema, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blot were evaluated. The expression of SPARC and integrin αVβ3 was upregulated after SAH in the endothelial cells. SPARC siRNA and anti-SPARC mAb 236 prevented neuroimpairments and brain edema through protection of BBB as measured by IgG extravasation 24 and 72 h after SAH. Recombinant SPARC aggravated neuroimpairments and cyclo(-RGDfK) suppressed the harmful neurological effects via inhibition of activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 followed by retention of endothelial junction proteins. SPARC may induce post-SAH BBB disruption via integrin αVβ3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuwana City Medical Center, 3-11 Kotobuki-cho, Kuwana, Mie 511-0061, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Zachary D. Travis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Orhan Altay
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - John H. Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Twible C, Abdo R, Zhang Q. Astrocyte Role in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Development of Mossy Fiber Sprouting. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:725693. [PMID: 34658792 PMCID: PMC8514632 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.725693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy affects approximately 50 million people worldwide, with 60% of adult epilepsies presenting an onset of focal origin. The most common focal epilepsy is temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The role of astrocytes in the presentation and development of TLE has been increasingly studied and discussed within the literature. The most common histopathological diagnosis of TLE is hippocampal sclerosis. Hippocampal sclerosis is characterized by neuronal cell loss within the Cornu ammonis and reactive astrogliosis. In some cases, mossy fiber sprouting may be observed. Mossy fiber sprouting has been controversial in its contribution to epileptogenesis in TLE patients, and the mechanisms surrounding the phenomenon have yet to be elucidated. Several studies have reported that mossy fiber sprouting has an almost certain co-existence with reactive astrogliosis within the hippocampus under epileptic conditions. Astrocytes are known to play an important role in the survival and axonal outgrowth of central and peripheral nervous system neurons, pointing to a potential role of astrocytes in TLE and associated cellular alterations. Herein, we review the recent developments surrounding the role of astrocytes in the pathogenic process of TLE and mossy fiber sprouting, with a focus on proposed signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms, histological observations, and clinical correlations in human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Twible
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rober Abdo
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sepúlveda V, Maurelia F, González M, Aguayo J, Caprile T. SCO-spondin, a giant matricellular protein that regulates cerebrospinal fluid activity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:45. [PMID: 34600566 PMCID: PMC8487547 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear fluid that occupies the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces within and around the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid is a dynamic signaling milieu that transports nutrients, waste materials and neuroactive substances that are crucial for the development, homeostasis and functionality of the central nervous system. The mechanisms that enable cerebrospinal fluid to simultaneously exert these homeostatic/dynamic functions are not fully understood. SCO-spondin is a large glycoprotein secreted since the early stages of development into the cerebrospinal fluid. Its domain architecture resembles a combination of a matricellular protein and the ligand-binding region of LDL receptor family. The matricellular proteins are a group of extracellular proteins with the capacity to interact with different molecules, such as growth factors, cytokines and cellular receptors; enabling the integration of information to modulate various physiological and pathological processes. In the same way, the LDL receptor family interacts with many ligands, including β-amyloid peptide and different growth factors. The domains similarity suggests that SCO-spondin is a matricellular protein enabled to bind, modulate, and transport different cerebrospinal fluid molecules. SCO-spondin can be found soluble or polymerized into a dynamic threadlike structure called the Reissner fiber, which extends from the diencephalon to the caudal tip of the spinal cord. Reissner fiber continuously moves caudally as new SCO-spondin molecules are added at the cephalic end and are disaggregated at the caudal end. This movement, like a conveyor belt, allows the transport of the bound molecules, thereby increasing their lifespan and action radius. The binding of SCO-spondin to some relevant molecules has already been reported; however, in this review we suggest more than 30 possible binding partners, including peptide β-amyloid and several growth factors. This new perspective characterizes SCO-spondin as a regulator of cerebrospinal fluid activity, explaining its high evolutionary conservation, its apparent multifunctionality, and the lethality or severe malformations, such as hydrocephalus and curved body axis, of knockout embryos. Understanding the regulation and identifying binding partners of SCO-spondin are crucial for better comprehension of cerebrospinal fluid physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vania Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Maurelia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Maryori González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime Aguayo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Teresa Caprile
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lecordier S, Manrique-Castano D, El Moghrabi Y, ElAli A. Neurovascular Alterations in Vascular Dementia: Emphasis on Risk Factors. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:727590. [PMID: 34566627 PMCID: PMC8461067 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.727590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) constitutes the second most prevalent cause of dementia in the world after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). VaD regroups heterogeneous neurological conditions in which the decline of cognitive functions, including executive functions, is associated with structural and functional alterations in the cerebral vasculature. Among these cerebrovascular disorders, major stroke, and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) constitute the major risk factors for VaD. These conditions alter neurovascular functions leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) deregulation, neurovascular coupling dysfunction, and inflammation. Accumulation of neurovascular impairments over time underlies the cognitive function decline associated with VaD. Furthermore, several vascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes have been shown to exacerbate neurovascular impairments and thus increase VaD prevalence. Importantly, air pollution constitutes an underestimated risk factor that triggers vascular dysfunction via inflammation and oxidative stress. The review summarizes the current knowledge related to the pathological mechanisms linking neurovascular impairments associated with stroke, cSVD, and vascular risk factors with a particular emphasis on air pollution, to VaD etiology and progression. Furthermore, the review discusses the major challenges to fully elucidate the pathobiology of VaD, as well as research directions to outline new therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Manrique-Castano
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yara El Moghrabi
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jurga AM, Paleczna M, Kadluczka J, Kuter KZ. Beyond the GFAP-Astrocyte Protein Markers in the Brain. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091361. [PMID: 34572572 PMCID: PMC8468264 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea of central nervous system as one-man band favoring neurons is long gone. Now we all are aware that neurons and neuroglia are team players and constant communication between those various cell types is essential to maintain functional efficiency and a quick response to danger. Here, we summarize and discuss known and new markers of astroglial multiple functions, their natural heterogeneity, cellular interactions, aging and disease-induced dysfunctions. This review is focused on newly reported facts regarding astrocytes, which are beyond the old stereotypes. We present an up-to-date list of marker proteins used to identify a broad spectrum of astroglial phenotypes related to the various physiological and pathological nervous system conditions. The aim of this review is to help choose markers that are well-tailored for specific needs of further experimental studies, precisely recognizing differential glial phenotypes, or for diagnostic purposes. We hope it will help to categorize the functional and structural diversity of the astroglial population and ease a clear readout of future experimental results.
Collapse
|
39
|
Hevin-calcyon interaction promotes synaptic reorganization after brain injury. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2571-2588. [PMID: 33753902 PMCID: PMC8408247 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hevin, also known as SPARC-like protein 1 (SPARCL1 or SC1), is a synaptogenic protein secreted by astrocytes and modulates the formation of glutamatergic synapses in the developing brain by interacting with synaptic adhesion proteins, such as neurexin and neuroligin. Here, we identified the neuron-specific vesicular protein calcyon as a novel interaction partner of hevin and demonstrated that this interaction played a pivotal role in synaptic reorganization after an injury in the mature brain. Astrocytic hevin was upregulated post-injury in a photothrombotic stroke model. Hevin was fragmented by MMP3 induced during the acute stage of brain injury, and this process was associated with severe gliosis. At the late stage, the functional hevin level was restored as MMP3 expression decreased. The C-terminus of hevin interacted with the N-terminus of calcyon. By using RNAi and binding competitor peptides in an ischemic brain injury model, we showed that this interaction was crucial in synaptic and functional recoveries in the sensory-motor cortex, based on histological and electrophysiological analyses. Regulated expression of hevin and calcyon and interaction between them were confirmed in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury and patients with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Our study provides direct evidence for the causal relationship between the hevin-calcyon interaction and synaptic reorganization after brain injury. This neuron-glia interaction can be exploited to modulate synaptic reorganization under various neurological conditions.
Collapse
|
40
|
Price BR, Johnson LA, Norris CM. Reactive astrocytes: The nexus of pathological and clinical hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101335. [PMID: 33812051 PMCID: PMC8168445 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte reactivity is a hallmark of neuroinflammation that arises with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and nearly every other neurodegenerative condition. While astrocytes certainly contribute to classic inflammatory processes (e.g. cytokine release, waste clearance, and tissue repair), newly emerging technologies for measuring and targeting cell specific activities in the brain have uncovered essential roles for astrocytes in synapse function, brain metabolism, neurovascular coupling, and sleep/wake patterns. In this review, we use a holistic approach to incorporate, and expand upon, classic neuroinflammatory concepts to consider how astrocyte dysfunction/reactivity modulates multiple pathological and clinical hallmarks of AD. Our ever-evolving understanding of astrocyte signaling in neurodegeneration is not only revealing new drug targets and treatments for dementia but is suggesting we reimagine AD pathophysiological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittani R Price
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40356, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, UK Medical Center MN 150, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Christopher M Norris
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40356, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, UK Medical Center MN 150, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gdula AM, Swiatkowska M. A2 A receptor agonists and P2Y 12 receptor antagonists modulate expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and its secretion from Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HMEC-1). Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104218. [PMID: 34182003 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS To address the problem of resistance to standard antiplatelet therapy in some patients, our team proposed a purinoceptor-dependent dual therapy. Its efficacy is also determined by the condition of the vascular endothelium which, by secreting numerous factors, is involved in hemostasis. Among them, thrombospondin-1 is important in the context of thrombotic events. Therefore we sought to determine if the novel dual purinoceptor-dependent concept is associated with TSP-1 changes in vascular endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS TSP-1 expression in human microvascular endothelial cells was determined at transcriptional and protein level. We performed real-time PCR, the Western blot analysis and ELISA test. We found that TSP-1 mRNA and protein expression levels significantly changed in response to P1R agonists treatment. Furthermore, we have observed that co-administration of selective A2AR agonists (UK-432,097 or MRE0094) with P2Y12R antagonists altered TSP-1 expression levels, and the direction of these changes was not synergistic. MRE0094 applied with ARC69931MX or R-138727 increased mRNA expression from 39 to 56 or 57%, respectively (*P < 0.05 vs. MRE0094; ***P < 0.001 vs. control). Also, in the case of the P2Y12R antagonists used together with UK-432,097, there was an increase from 53 to 71 and 70% (*P < 0.05 vs. UK-432,097; ***P < 0.001 vs. control). The observed trends in gene expression were reflected in the protein expression and the level of its secretion from HMEC-1. CONCLUSION The article presents evidence which proves that the purinoceptor-dependent concept is associated with TSP-1 changes in endothelial cells (EC). Moreover, Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells treatment applied together with agonists (MRE0094 or UK-432,097) and P2Y12R antagonist did not result in any synergistic effect, implicating a possible crosstalk between G proteins in GPCRs dependent signaling. Therefore, we suggest that understanding of the specific mechanism underlying TSP-1 alterations in EC in the context of the dual purinoceptor-dependent approach is essential for antiplatelet therapies and should be the subject of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Gdula
- Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Maria Swiatkowska
- Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Freitas A, Aroso M, Rocha S, Ferreira R, Vitorino R, Gomez-Lazaro M. Bioinformatic analysis of the human brain extracellular matrix proteome in neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:4016-4033. [PMID: 34013613 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases are characterized by selective degeneration of specific brain areas. Although increasing number of studies report alteration of the extracellular matrix on these diseases, an exhaustive characterization at the brain's matrix level might contribute to the development of more efficient cell restoration therapies. In that regard, proteomics-based studies are a powerful approach to uncover matrix changes. However, to date, the majority of proteomics studies report no or only a few brain matrix proteins with altered expression. This study aims to reveal the changes in the brain extracellular matrix by integrating several proteomics-based studies performed with postmortem tissue. In total, 67 matrix proteins with altered expression were collected. By applying a bioinformatic approach, we were able to reveal the dysregulated biological processes. Among them are processes related to the organization of the extracellular matrix, glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans' metabolism, blood coagulation, and response to injury and oxidative stress. In addition, a protein was found altered in all three diseases-collagen type I alpha 2-and its binding partners further identified. A ClueGO network was created, depicting the GO groups associated with these binding partners, uncovering the processes that may consequently be affected. These include cellular adhesion, cell signaling through membrane receptors, inflammatory processes, and apoptotic cell death in response to oxidative stress. Overall, we were able to associate the contribution of the modification of extracellular matrix components to essential biological processes, highlighting the investment needed on proteomics studies with specific focus on the extracellular matrix in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Freitas
- i3S -Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB -Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Aroso
- i3S -Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB -Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Rocha
- i3S -Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB -Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA &, LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Gomez-Lazaro
- i3S -Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB -Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Characterization of Hevin (SPARCL1) Immunoreactivity in Postmortem Human Brain Homogenates. Neuroscience 2021; 467:91-109. [PMID: 34033869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hevin is a matricellular glycoprotein that plays important roles in neural developmental processes such as neuronal migration, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. In contrast to other matricellular proteins whose expression decreases when development is complete, hevin remains highly expressed, suggesting its involvement in adult brain function. In vitro studies have shown that hevin can have different post-translational modifications. However, the glycosylation pattern of hevin in the human brain remains unknown, as well as its relative distribution and localization. The present study provides the first thorough characterization of hevin protein expression by Western blot in postmortem adult human brain. Our results demonstrated two major specific immunoreactive bands for hevin: an intense band migrating around 130 kDa, and a band migrating around 100 kDa. Biochemical assays revealed that both hevin bands have a different glycosylation pattern. Subcellular fractionation showed greater expression in membrane-enriched fraction than in cytosolic preparation, and a higher expression in prefrontal cortex (PFC) compared to hippocampus (HIP), caudate nucleus (CAU) and cerebellum (CB). We confirmed that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS4) and matrixmetalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) proteases digestion led to an intense double band with similar molecular weight to that described as SPARC-like fragment (SLF). Finally, hevin immunoreactivity was also detected in human astrocytoma, meningioma, cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples, but was absent from any blood cell type.
Collapse
|
44
|
García-Bermúdez MY, Freude KK, Mouhammad ZA, van Wijngaarden P, Martin KK, Kolko M. Glial Cells in Glaucoma: Friends, Foes, and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Neurol 2021; 12:624983. [PMID: 33796062 PMCID: PMC8007906 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.624983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting ~80 million people by 2020 (1, 2). The condition is characterized by a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons accompanied by visual field loss. The underlying pathophysiology of glaucoma remains elusive. Glaucoma is recognized as a multifactorial disease, and lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only treatment that has been shown to slow the progression of the condition. However, a significant number of glaucoma patients continue to go blind despite intraocular pressure-lowering treatment (2). Thus, the need for alternative treatment strategies is indisputable. Accumulating evidence suggests that glial cells play a significant role in supporting RGC function and that glial dysfunction may contribute to optic nerve disease. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the role of glial cells in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. A particular focus is on the dynamic and essential interactions between glial cells and RGCs and potential therapeutic approaches to glaucoma by targeting glial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department for Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zaynab A Mouhammad
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Center for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith K Martin
- Center for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Atanasovska Velkovska M, Goričar K, Blagus T, Dolžan V, Cvenkel B. Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Pathways with Glaucoma Risk and Phenotype. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051148. [PMID: 33803434 PMCID: PMC7967191 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of glaucoma. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms in inflammation and oxidative stress genes on the risk of glaucoma, the patients’ clinical characteristics and the glaucoma phenotype. In total, 307 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were enrolled. The control group included 339 healthy Slovenian blood donors. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood. Genotyping was performed for SOD2 rs4880, CAT rs1001179, GPX1 rs1050450, GSTP1 rs1695, GSTM1 gene deletion, GSTT1 gene deletion, IL1B rs1143623, IL1B rs16944, IL6 rs1800795 and TNF rs1800629. We found a nominally significant association of GSTM1 gene deletion with decreased risk of ocular hypertension and a protective role of IL1B rs16944 and IL6 rs1800629 in the risk of glaucoma. The CT and TT genotypes of GPX1 rs1050450 were significantly associated with advanced disease, lower intraocular pressure and a larger vertical cup–disc ratio. In conclusion, genetic variability in IL1B and IL6 may be associated with glaucoma risk, while GPX and TNF may be associated with the glaucoma phenotype. In the future, improved knowledge of these pathways has the potential for new strategies and personalised treatment of glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katja Goričar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.G.); (T.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Tanja Blagus
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.G.); (T.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.G.); (T.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Barbara Cvenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-(40)-233-462
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Retinal Molecular Changes Are Associated with Neuroinflammation and Loss of RGCs in an Experimental Model of Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042066. [PMID: 33669765 PMCID: PMC7922243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling mediated by cytokines and chemokines is involved in glaucoma-associated neuroinflammation and in the damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Using multiplexed immunoassay and immunohistochemical techniques in a glaucoma mouse model at different time points after ocular hypertension (OHT), we analyzed (i) the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, BDNF, VEGF, and fractalkine; and (ii) the number of Brn3a+ RGCs. In OHT eyes, there was an upregulation of (i) IFN-γ at days 3, 5, and 15; (ii) IL-4 at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 and IL-10 at days 3 and 5 (coinciding with downregulation of IL1-β at days 1, 5, and 7); (iii) IL-6 at days 1, 3, and 5; (iv) fractalkine and VEGF at day 1; and (v) BDNF at days 1, 3, 7, and 15. In contralateral eyes, there were (i) an upregulation of IL-1β at days 1 and 3 and a downregulation at day 7, coinciding with the downregulation of IL4 at days 3 and 5 and the upregulation at day 7; (ii) an upregulation of IL-6 at days 1, 5, and 7 and a downregulation at 15 days; (iii) an upregulation of IL-10 at days 3 and 7; and (iv) an upregulation of IL-17 at day 15. In OHT eyes, there was a reduction in the Brn3a+ RGCs number at days 3, 5, 7, and 15. OHT changes cytokine levels in both OHT and contralateral eyes at different time points after OHT induction, confirming the immune system involvement in glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
47
|
Siemsen BM, Scofield MD. Quiet on the Set! Astroglia Star in Silent Synaptogenesis and Cocaine Memory Formation. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:328-330. [PMID: 33478681 PMCID: PMC9063466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Siemsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael D. Scofield
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Interplay between hevin, SPARC, and MDGAs: Modulators of neurexin-neuroligin transsynaptic bridges. Structure 2021; 29:664-678.e6. [PMID: 33535026 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hevin is secreted by astrocytes and its synaptogenic effects are antagonized by the related protein, SPARC. Hevin stabilizes neurexin-neuroligin transsynaptic bridges in vivo. A third protein, membrane-tethered MDGA, blocks these bridges. Here, we reveal the molecular underpinnings of a regulatory network formed by this trio of proteins. The hevin FS-EC structure differs from SPARC, in that the EC domain appears rearranged around a conserved core. The FS domain is structurally conserved and it houses nanomolar affinity binding sites for neurexin and neuroligin. SPARC also binds neurexin and neuroligin, competing with hevin, so its antagonist action is rooted in its shortened N-terminal region. Strikingly, the hevin FS domain competes with MDGA for an overlapping binding site on neuroligin, while the hevin EC domain binds the extracellular matrix protein collagen (like SPARC), so that this trio of proteins can regulate neurexin-neuroligin transsynaptic bridges and also extracellular matrix interactions, impacting synapse formation and ultimately neural circuits.
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen S, Zou Q, Guo Q, Chen Y, Kuang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wu W, Li G, Tu L, Tong J, Li S, Ma L, Li Q. SPARC Knockdown Reduces Glutamate-Induced HT22 Hippocampal Nerve Cell Damage by Regulating Autophagy. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:581441. [PMID: 33584170 PMCID: PMC7874057 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.581441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein involved in the extracellular matrix and interactions between cells during neural development of the central nervous system (CNS). Oxidative glutamate toxicity is involved in CNS diseases, including epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and ischemic stroke. However, the molecular mechanism of nerve injury is not fully understood in CNS diseases. Herein, the glutamate-induced nerve damage model was used to explore the molecular mechanisms affecting nerve damage. The levels of SPARC and autophagy were increased in glutamate-induced HT22 hippocampal nerve injury. In summary, the current study confirmed that SPARC regulates autophagy in HT22 hippocampal nerve cells, and its knockdown reduces the glutamate-induced HT22 hippocampal nerve injury by inhibiting autophagy. These findings suggested that SPARC plays a crucial role in nerve injury of CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qin Zou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongmin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xi Kuang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Health Vocational College, Haikou, China
| | - Yukang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wengang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Linzhi Tu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jingyi Tong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Songrong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tatomir A, Beltrand A, Nguyen V, Boodhoo D, Mekala A, Cudrici C, Badea TC, Muresanu DF, Rus V, Rus H. RGC-32 Regulates Generation of Reactive Astrocytes in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:608294. [PMID: 33569054 PMCID: PMC7868332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are increasingly recognized as critical contributors to multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. We have previously shown that lack of Response Gene to Complement 32 (RGC-32) alters astrocyte morphology in the spinal cord at the peak of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), suggesting a role for RGC-32 in astrocyte differentiation. In this study, we analyzed the expression and distribution of astrocytes and astrocyte progenitors by immunohistochemistry in spinal cords of wild-type (WT) and RGC-32-knockout (KO) mice with EAE and of normal adult mice. Our analysis showed that during acute EAE, WT astrocytes had a reactive morphology and increased GFAP expression, whereas RGC-32 KO astrocytes had a morphology similar to that of radial glia and an increased expression of progenitor markers such as vimentin and fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7). In control mice, GFAP expression and astrocyte density were also significantly higher in the WT group, whereas the number of vimentin and FABP7-positive radial glia was significantly higher in the RGC-32 KO group. In vitro studies on cultured neonatal astrocytes from WT and RGC-32 KO mice showed that RGC-32 regulates a complex array of molecular networks pertaining to signal transduction, growth factor expression and secretion, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Among the most differentially expressed factors were insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF); their expression was downregulated in RGC-32-depleted astrocytes. The nuclear translocation of STAT3, a transcription factor critical for astrogliogenesis and driving glial scar formation, was also impaired after RGC-32 silencing. Taken together, these data suggest that RGC-32 is an important regulator of astrocyte differentiation during EAE and that in the absence of RGC-32, astrocytes are unable to fully mature and become reactive astrocytes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Astrocytes/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7/metabolism
- Female
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Vimentin/metabolism
- Mice
- Rats
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Tatomir
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Austin Beltrand
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dallas Boodhoo
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Armugam Mekala
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cornelia Cudrici
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tudor C. Badea
- Retinal Circuit Development and Genetics Unit, Neurobiology Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory (N-NRL), National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dafin F. Muresanu
- Department of Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Violeta Rus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Horea Rus
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Administration Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|