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Guo X, Ou T, Yang X, Song Q, Zhu L, Mi S, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Chen W, Guo J. Untargeted metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/MS reveals the lipid-lowering mechanism of taurine in hyperlipidemia mice. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1367589. [PMID: 38706565 PMCID: PMC11066166 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1367589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Taurine has a prominent lipid-lowering effect on hyperlipidemia. However, a comprehensive analysis of the effects of taurine on endogenous metabolites in hyperlipidemia has not been documented. This study aimed to explore the impact of taurine on multiple metabolites associated with hyperlipidemia. Methods The hyperlipidemic mouse model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Taurine was administered via oral gavage at doses of 700 mg/kg/day for 14 weeks. Evaluation of body weight, serum lipid levels, and histopathology of the liver and adipose tissue was performed to confirm the lipid-lowering effect of taurine. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)-based metabonomics analyses of serum, urine, feces, and liver, coupled with multivariate data analysis, were conducted to assess changes in the endogenous metabolites. Results and discussion Biochemical and histological examinations demonstrated that taurine administration prevented weight gain and dyslipidemia, and alleviated lipid deposition in the liver and adipose tissue in hyperlipidemic mice. A total of 76 differential metabolites were identified by UPLC-MS-based metabolomics approach, mainly involving BAs, GPs, SMs, DGs, TGs, PUFAs and amino acids. Taurine was found to partially prevent HFDinduced abnormalities in the aforementioned metabolites. Using KEGG database and MetaboAnalyst software, it was determined that taurine effectively alleviates metabolic abnormalities caused by HFD, including fatty acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, diacylglycerol metabolism, amino acid metabolism, bile acid and taurine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. Moreover, DGs, GPs and SMs, and taurine itself may serve as active metabolites in facilitating various anti-hyperlipidemia signal pathways associated with taurine. This study provides new evidence for taurine to prevent hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhe Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Ou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengquan Mi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Junxia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
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Robles-Matos N, Radaelli E, Simmons RA, Bartolomei MS. Preconception and developmental DEHP exposure alter liver metabolism in a sex-dependent manner in adult mouse offspring. Toxicology 2023; 499:153640. [PMID: 37806616 PMCID: PMC10842112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical periods of development is associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, including hepatic steatosis and obesity. Di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate (DEHP) is an EDC strongly associated with these metabolic abnormalities. DEHP developmental windows of susceptibility are unknown yet have important public health implications. The purpose of this study was to identify these windows of susceptibility and determine whether developmental DEHP exposure alters hepatic metabolism later in life. Dams were exposed to control or feed containing human exposure relevant doses of DEHP (50 μg/kg BW/d) and high dose DEHP (10 mg/kg BW/d) from preconception until weaning or only exposed to DEHP during preconception. Post-weaning, all offspring were fed a control diet throughout adulthood. Using the Metabolon Untargeted Metabolomics platform, we identified 148 significant metabolites in female adult livers that were altered by preconception-gestation-lactation DEHP exposure. We found a significant increase in the levels of acylcarnitines, diacylglycerols, sphingolipids, glutathione, purines, and pyrimidines in DEHP-exposed female livers compared to controls. These changes in fatty acid oxidation and oxidative stress-related metabolites were correlated with hepatic changes including microvesicular steatosis, hepatocyte swelling, inflammation. In contrast to females, we observed fewer metabolic alterations in male offspring, which were uniquely found in preconception-only low dose DEHP exposure group. Although we found that preconception-gestational-lactation exposure causes the most liver pathology, we surprisingly found preconception exposure linked to an abnormal liver metabolome. We also found that two doses exhibited non-monotonic DEHP-induced changes in the liver. Collectively, these findings suggest that metabolic changes in the adult liver of offspring exposed periconceptionally to DHEP depends on the timing of exposure, dose, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Robles-Matos
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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3
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Mukherjee S, Chakraborty M, Msengi EN, Haubner J, Zhang J, Jellinek MJ, Carlson HL, Pyles K, Ulmasov B, Lutkewitte AJ, Carpenter D, McCommis KS, Ford DA, Finck BN, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Chakraborty A. Ube4A maintains metabolic homeostasis and facilitates insulin signaling in vivo. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101767. [PMID: 37429524 PMCID: PMC10368927 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Defining the regulators of cell metabolism and signaling is essential to design new therapeutic strategies in obesity and NAFLD/NASH. E3 ubiquitin ligases control diverse cellular functions by ubiquitination-mediated regulation of protein targets, and thus their functional aberration is associated with many diseases. The E3 ligase Ube4A has been implicated in human obesity, inflammation, and cancer. However, its in vivo function is unknown, and no animal models are available to study this novel protein. METHODS A whole-body Ube4A knockout (UKO) mouse model was generated, and various metabolic parameters were compared in chow- and high fat diet (HFD)-fed WT and UKO mice, and in their liver, adipose tissue, and serum. Lipidomics and RNA-Seq studies were performed in the liver samples of HFD-fed WT and UKO mice. Proteomic studies were conducted to identify Ube4A's targets in metabolism. Furthermore, a mechanism by which Ube4A regulates metabolism was identified. RESULTS Although the body weight and composition of young, chow-fed WT and UKO mice are similar, the knockouts exhibit mild hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. HFD feeding substantially augments obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance in both sexes of UKO mice. HFD-fed white and brown adipose tissue depots of UKO mice have increased insulin resistance and inflammation and reduced energy metabolism. Moreover, Ube4A deletion exacerbates hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and liver injury in HFD-fed mice with increased lipid uptake and lipogenesis in hepatocytes. Acute insulin treatment resulted in impaired activation of the insulin effector protein kinase Akt in liver and adipose tissue of chow-fed UKO mice. We identified the Akt activator protein APPL1 as a Ube4A interactor. The K63-linked ubiquitination (K63-Ub) of Akt and APPL1, known to facilitate insulin-induced Akt activation, is impaired in UKO mice. Furthermore, Ube4A K63-ubiquitinates Akt in vitro. CONCLUSION Ube4A is a novel regulator of obesity, insulin resistance, adipose tissue dysfunction and NAFLD, and preventing its downregulation may ameliorate these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Molee Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Eliwaza N Msengi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Jake Haubner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Matthew J Jellinek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Haley L Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Kelly Pyles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Barbara Ulmasov
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Andrew J Lutkewitte
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Danielle Carpenter
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Brian N Finck
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Anutosh Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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Gautam J, Kumari D, Aggarwal H, Gupta SK, Kasarla SS, Sarkar S, Priya MRK, Kamboj P, Kumar Y, Dikshit M. Characterization of lipid signatures in the plasma and insulin-sensitive tissues of the C57BL/6J mice fed on obesogenic diets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159348. [PMID: 37285928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity mouse models are widely utilized to investigate the underlying mechanisms of dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as for screening potential drug compounds. However, there is limited knowledge regarding specific signature lipids that accurately reflect dietary disorders. In this study, we aimed to identify key lipid signatures using LC/MS-based untargeted lipidomics in the plasma, liver, adipose tissue (AT), and skeletal muscle tissues (SKM) of male C57BL/6J mice that were fed chow, LFD, or obesogenic diets (HFD, HFHF, and HFCD) for a duration of 20 weeks. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive lipid analysis to assess similarities and differences with human lipid profiles. The mice fed obesogenic diets exhibited weight gain, glucose intolerance, elevated BMI, glucose and insulin levels, and a fatty liver, resembling characteristics of T2DM and obesity in humans. In total, we identified approximately 368 lipids in plasma, 433 in the liver, 493 in AT, and 624 in SKM. Glycerolipids displayed distinct patterns across the tissues, differing from human findings. However, changes in sphingolipids, phospholipids, and the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes showed similarities to reported human findings. Significantly modulated pathways in the obesogenic diet-fed groups included ceramide de novo synthesis, sphingolipid remodeling, and the carboxylesterase pathway, while lipoprotein-mediated pathways were minimally affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gautam
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Kumari
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Hobby Aggarwal
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Siva Swapna Kasarla
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Soumalya Sarkar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - M R Kamla Priya
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Kamboj
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
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Chalhoub G, Jamnik A, Pajed L, Kolleritsch S, Hois V, Bagaric A, Prem D, Tilp A, Kolb D, Wolinski H, Taschler U, Züllig T, Rechberger GN, Fuchs C, Trauner M, Schoiswohl G, Haemmerle G. Carboxylesterase 2a deletion provokes hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice involving impaired diacylglycerol and lysophosphatidylcholine catabolism. Mol Metab 2023; 72:101725. [PMID: 37059417 PMCID: PMC10148186 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation and insulin resistance are key features of NAFLD. However, NAFLD development and progression are rather triggered by the aberrant generation of lipid metabolites and signaling molecules including diacylglycerol (DAG) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC). Recent studies showed decreased expression of carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) in the liver of NASH patients and hepatic DAG accumulation was linked to low CES2 activity in obese individuals. The mouse genome encodes several Ces2 genes with Ces2a showing highest expression in the liver. Herein we investigated the role of mouse Ces2a and human CES2 in lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Lipid metabolism and insulin signaling were investigated in mice lacking Ces2a and in a human liver cell line upon pharmacological CES2 inhibition. Lipid hydrolytic activities were determined in vivo and from recombinant proteins. RESULTS Ces2a deficient mice (Ces2a-ko) are obese and feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) provokes severe hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance together with elevated inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression. Lipidomic analysis revealed a marked rise in DAG and lysoPC levels in the liver of Ces2a-ko mice fed HFD. Hepatic lipid accumulation in Ces2a deficiency is linked to lower DAG and lysoPC hydrolytic activities in liver microsomal preparations. Moreover, Ces2a deficiency significantly increases hepatic expression and activity of MGAT1, a PPAR gamma target gene, suggesting aberrant lipid signaling upon Ces2a deficiency. Mechanistically, we found that recombinant Ces2a and CES2 show significant hydrolytic activity towards lysoPC (and DAG) and pharmacological inhibition of CES2 in human HepG2 cells largely phenocopies the lipid metabolic changes present in Ces2a-ko mice including reduced lysoPC and DAG hydrolysis, DAG accumulation and impaired insulin signaling. CONCLUSIONS Ces2a and CES2 are critical players in hepatic lipid signaling likely via the hydrolysis of DAG and lysoPC at the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Chalhoub
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alina Jamnik
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Pajed
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Victoria Hois
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Antonia Bagaric
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Prem
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Tilp
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Core Facility Ultrastructure Analysis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Züllig
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Claudia Fuchs
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Guenter Haemmerle
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Yuan X, Yang J, Sun D, Luo K, Jiang X, Wang L, Xiang S, Jiang Y, Ge K, Zhou Z, Li B, Hua F. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D inhibits hepatic diacyglycerol accumulation and ameliorates metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome rat models. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1077014. [PMID: 37124226 PMCID: PMC10136241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1077014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the influence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) on metabolic dysfunction and elucidate its underlying mechanism using a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CON, 2 ml/kg of oral 0.5% CMC), 1,25VD group (oral 0.5% CMC and 2.5 ug/kg intraperitoneal 1,25(OH)2D), PCOS group (1 mg/kg oral letrozole), PCOS+1,25VD group (1 mg/kg oral letrozole orally 2.5 ug/kg intraperitoneal 1,25(OH)2D). The treatments were administered for 8 weeks. Body weight, estrus cycle, insulin tolerance, and oral glucose tolerance of the rats in the different groups were assessed. The rats were euthanized at the 8th weeks, and plasma, ovarian, and liver samples were collected and analyzed. The hepatic lipid profile was characterized using HPLC/MRM.Results: Letrozole-induced PCOS rats exhibited increased weight, insulin resistance, postprandial glucose abnormalities, and dyslipidemia. Compared with the PCOS group rats, the PCOS+1,25VD group rats showed reduced body weight, increased sensitivity to insulin, decreased postprandial glucose, and elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, abnormally increased liver concentrations of total diacylglycerol (DG) and DG species in the PCOS rats were reversed by treatment with 1,25(OH)2D. Additionally, hepatic DG and insulin sensitivity were correlated.Conclusion: 1,25(OH)2D inhibited hepatic DG accumulation and ameliorated metabolic dysfunction in PCOS rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Jianshu Yang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Danlin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Kaiming Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Shoukui Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Yijie Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Kele Ge
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiyang Zhou
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Bowen Li
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Hua,
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Yoon JH, Hwang J, Son SU, Choi J, You SW, Park H, Cha SY, Maeng S. How Can Insulin Resistance Cause Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043506. [PMID: 36834911 PMCID: PMC9966425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive decline. Despite worldwide efforts to find a cure, no proper treatment has been developed yet, and the only effective countermeasure is to prevent the disease progression by early diagnosis. The reason why new drug candidates fail to show therapeutic effects in clinical studies may be due to misunderstanding the cause of AD. Regarding the cause of AD, the most widely known is the amyloid cascade hypothesis, in which the deposition of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau is the cause. However, many new hypotheses were suggested. Among them, based on preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a connection between AD and diabetes, insulin resistance has been pointed out as an important factor in the development of AD. Therefore, by reviewing the pathophysiological background of brain metabolic insufficiency and insulin insufficiency leading to AD pathology, we will discuss how can insulin resistance cause AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yoon
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - JooHyun Hwang
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Un Son
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Choi
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Won You
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Health Park Co., Ltd., Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Cha
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (S.M.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.)
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (S.M.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.)
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8
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Gart E, Salic K, Morrison MC, Giera M, Attema J, de Ruiter C, Caspers M, Schuren F, Bobeldijk-Pastorova I, Heer M, Qin Y, Kleemann R. The Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2′-Fucosyllactose Alleviates Liver Steatosis, ER Stress and Insulin Resistance by Reducing Hepatic Diacylglycerols and Improved Gut Permeability in Obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:904740. [PMID: 35782914 PMCID: PMC9248376 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.904740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex multifactorial disorder that is associated with gut dysbiosis, enhanced gut permeability, adiposity and insulin resistance. Prebiotics such as human milk oligosaccharide 2′-fucosyllactose are thought to primarily improve gut health and it is uncertain whether they would affect more distant organs. This study investigates whether 2′-fucosyllactose can alleviate NAFLD development in manifest obesity. Obese hyperinsulinemic Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice, after an 8 week run-in on a high-fat diet (HFD), were treated with 2′-fucosyllactose by oral gavage until week 28 and compared to HFD-vehicle controls. 2′-fucosyllactose did not affect food intake, body weight, total fat mass or plasma lipids. 2′-fucosyllactose altered the fecal microbiota composition which was paralleled by a suppression of HFD-induced gut permeability at t = 12 weeks. 2′-fucosyllactose significantly attenuated the development of NAFLD by reducing microvesicular steatosis. These hepatoprotective effects were supported by upstream regulator analyses showing that 2′-fucosyllactose activated ACOX1 (involved in lipid catabolism), while deactivating SREBF1 (involved in lipogenesis). Furthermore, 2′-fucosyllactose suppressed ATF4, ATF6, ERN1, and NUPR1 all of which participate in endoplasmic reticulum stress. 2′-fucosyllactose reduced fasting insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR, which was corroborated by decreased intrahepatic diacylglycerols. In conclusion, long-term supplementation with 2′-fucosyllactose can counteract the detrimental effects of HFD on gut dysbiosis and gut permeability and attenuates the development of liver steatosis. The observed reduction in intrahepatic diacylglycerols provides a mechanistic rationale for the improvement of hyperinsulinemia and supports the use of 2′-fucosyllactose to correct dysmetabolism and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Eveline Gart,
| | - Kanita Salic
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Joline Attema
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Christa de Ruiter
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martien Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Frank Schuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Ivana Bobeldijk-Pastorova
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Yan Qin
- Human Nutrition, BASF Pte Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
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Fan L, Niu H, Zhao L, Yao R, He X, Lu B, Pang Z. Purendan alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in aged type 2 diabetic rats via regulating mTOR/S6K1/SREBP-1c signaling pathway. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 148:112697. [PMID: 35176709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Older people are more likely to develop insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders. Purendan (PRD) is a clinically verified traditional Chinese medicine compound, which plays an obvious role in regulating lipid metabolism disorder and improving insulin sensitivity. Our study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of PRD on aged type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (13 months) were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) and injected with low-dose STZ to replicate T2DM model. PRD was treated at three concentrations with metformin as a positive control. After administration, blood and liver tissue samples were collected to measure glucose metabolism indexes such as serum glucose and insulin, as well as lipid metabolism indexes such as TC, TG, LDL, HDL and FFA. Liver fat accumulation was observed by HE staining and oil red O staining. And protein expression levels of mTOR, p-mTOR, S6K1, p-S6K1 and SREBP-1c were detected by western blot. After PRD treatment, not only the insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance were significantly improved, but also the TC, TG, LDL, FFA, AST and ALT in serum and the lipid accumulation in liver tissue were significantly decreased. Moreover, PRD significantly down-regulated the expression of p-mTOR, p-S6K1 and SREBP-1c in liver tissues. In conclusion, PRD can alleviate NAFLD in aged T2DM rats by inhibiting the mTOR /S6K1/ SREBP-1c pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Hongjuan Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Linyi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Rongfei Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xu He
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Binan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Zongran Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China.
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Cheng F, Ge X, Zhang Y, Li J, Yan S, Li Y, Wang M. Quercetin and d-chiro-inositol combined alleviate hepatic insulin resistance. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Estévez-Vázquez O, Benedé-Ubieto R, Guo F, Gómez-Santos B, Aspichueta P, Reissing J, Bruns T, Sanz-García C, Sydor S, Bechmann LP, Maranillo E, Sañudo JR, Vázquez MT, Lamas-Paz A, Morán L, Mazariegos MS, Ciudin A, Pericàs JM, Peligros MI, Vaquero J, Martínez-Naves E, Liedtke C, Regueiro JR, Trautwein C, Bañares R, Cubero FJ, Nevzorova YA. Fat: Quality, or Quantity? What Matters Most for the Progression of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101289. [PMID: 34680405 PMCID: PMC8533605 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Lately, many countries have restricted or even banned transfat, and palm oil has become a preferred replacement for food manufacturers. Whether palm oil is potentially an unhealthy food mainly due to its high content of saturated Palmitic Acid (PA) is a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to test whether qualitative aspects of diet such as levels of PA and the fat source are risk factors for Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were fed for 14 weeks with three types of Western diet (WD): 1. LP-WD—low concentration of PA (main fat source—corn and soybean oils); 2. HP-WD—high concentration of PA (main fat source—palm oil); 3. HP-Trans-WD—high concentration of PA (mainly transfat). Results: All types of WD caused weight gain, adipocyte enlargement, hepatomegaly, lipid metabolism alterations, and steatohepatitis. Feeding with HP diets led to more prominent obesity, hypercholesterolemia, stronger hepatic injury, and fibrosis. Only the feeding with HP-Trans-WD resulted in glucose intolerance and elevation of serum transaminases. Brief withdrawal of WDs reversed MS and signs of MAFLD. However, mild hepatic inflammation was still detectable in HP groups. Conclusions: HP and HP-Trans-WD play a crucial role in the genesis of MS and MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Estévez-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (O.E.-V.); (R.B.-U.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (C.S.-G.); (A.L.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.M.); (E.M.-N.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Raquel Benedé-Ubieto
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (O.E.-V.); (R.B.-U.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (C.S.-G.); (A.L.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.M.); (E.M.-N.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Feifei Guo
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (C.S.-G.); (A.L.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.M.); (E.M.-N.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Beatriz Gómez-Santos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (B.G.-S.); (P.A.)
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (B.G.-S.); (P.A.)
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Johanna Reissing
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (C.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (C.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Carlos Sanz-García
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (C.S.-G.); (A.L.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.M.); (E.M.-N.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Svenja Sydor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (S.S.); (L.P.B.)
| | - Lars P. Bechmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (S.S.); (L.P.B.)
| | - Eva Maranillo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.); (J.R.S.); (M.T.V.)
| | - José Ramón Sañudo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.); (J.R.S.); (M.T.V.)
| | - María Teresa Vázquez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.); (J.R.S.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Arantza Lamas-Paz
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (C.S.-G.); (A.L.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.M.); (E.M.-N.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Laura Morán
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (C.S.-G.); (A.L.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.M.); (E.M.-N.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina S. Mazariegos
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (C.S.-G.); (A.L.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.M.); (E.M.-N.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Andreea Ciudin
- Endocrinology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute for Research (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Juan M. Pericàs
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.P.); (J.V.)
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute for Research (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Peligros
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.P.); (J.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Naves
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (C.S.-G.); (A.L.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.M.); (E.M.-N.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (C.L.); (C.T.)
| | - José R. Regueiro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (C.S.-G.); (A.L.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.M.); (E.M.-N.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (C.L.); (C.T.)
| | - Rafael Bañares
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (C.S.-G.); (A.L.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.M.); (E.M.-N.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.P.); (J.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (C.S.-G.); (A.L.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.M.); (E.M.-N.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.P.); (J.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yulia A. Nevzorova
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.); (C.S.-G.); (A.L.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.M.); (E.M.-N.); (J.R.R.); (R.B.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.P.); (J.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (C.L.); (C.T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)241-80-80662; Fax: +49-(0)241-80-82455
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Ghorbani Y, Schwenger KJP, Allard JP. Manipulation of intestinal microbiome as potential treatment for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2361-2379. [PMID: 33651137 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiome (IM) and bacterial metabolites may influence glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure and the intestinal barrier integrity and lead to the presence of systemic low-grade inflammation, all of which can contribute to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The purpose of this review is to explore the role of the IM and bacterial metabolites in the pathogenesis and treatment of these conditions. RESULTS This review summarizes research focused on how to modulate the IM through diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and fecal microbiota transplant in order to treat IR and T2D. CONCLUSION There is an abundance of evidence suggesting a role for IM in the pathogenesis of IR and T2D based on reviewed studies using various methods to modulate IM and metabolites. However, the results are inconsistent. Future research should further assess this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Ghorbani
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Johane P Allard
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, 585 University Avenue, 9N-973, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada.
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Yamazaki H, Wang J, Tauchi S, Dohke M, Hanawa N, Katanuma A, Saisho Y, Kamitani T, Fukuhara S, Yamamoto Y. Inverse Association Between Fatty Liver at Baseline Ultrasonography and Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Over a 2-Year Follow-up Period. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:556-564.e5. [PMID: 32565288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Improvement of fatty liver may be required for remission of type-2 diabetes. However, there is no longitudinal evidence on whether fatty liver reduces the chances for remission of type-2 diabetes. We investigated the association between fatty liver and remission of type-2 diabetes (the primary analysis), and also the association between improvement of fatty liver and remission of type-2 diabetes (the secondary analysis). METHODS We collected data from 66961 people who underwent screening for type-2 diabetes from 2008 through 2016 at a single center in Japan. The primary analysis included 2567 patients with type-2 diabetes without chronic renal failure or a history of hemodialysis who underwent ultrasonography to detect fatty liver, all of whom had follow-up testing, including blood testing, for a median 24.5 months after the baseline ultrasonography. The secondary analysis included 1833 participants with fatty liver at baseline who underwent a second ultrasonography, and participants who had fatty liver at baseline but not at the second visit were considered to have had improvement of fatty liver. Remission of type-2 diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose level below 126 mg/dL and an HbA1c level below 6.5% for more than 6 months without anti-diabetic drugs. Odds ratios (ORs) of remission of type-2 diabetes were estimated using logistic-regression models. RESULTS A lower proportion of patients who had fatty liver detected by ultrasonography at baseline (8.7%, 167/1910) had remission of type-2 diabetes during the follow-up period than patients without fatty liver (13.1%, 86/657). Fatty liver at baseline was associated with a lower odds of remission of type-2 diabetes (multivariable-adjusted OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.37-0.72). A higher proportion of patients who had improvement of fatty liver had remission of type-2 diabetes (21.1%, 32/152) than patients with no improvement of fatty liver (7.7%, 129/1681). Improvement of fatty liver was associated with a higher odds of remission of type-2 diabetes (multivariable-adjusted OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.94-4.88). CONCLUSIONS Over a follow-up period of approximate 2 years, remission of type-2 diabetes was less common in people with fatty liver detected by ultrasonography, and improvement of fatty liver was independently associated with type-2 diabetes remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Yamazaki
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Jui Wang
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shinichi Tauchi
- Department of Radiology, Keijinkai Maruyama Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Dohke
- Department of Health Checkup and Promotion, Keijinkai Maruyama Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nagisa Hanawa
- Department of Health Checkup and Promotion, Keijinkai Maruyama Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Katanuma
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Saisho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kamitani
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuhara
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Renton MC, McGee SL, Howlett KF. The role of protein kinase D (PKD) in intracellular nutrient sensing and regulation of adaptive responses to the obese environment. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13145. [PMID: 32929844 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with ectopic accumulation of lipids, which is implicated in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. As the global prevalence of obesity continues to rise, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the underlying cellular mechanisms of this disease. Protein kinase D (PKD) is an intracellular signalling kinase with well characterized roles in intracellular vesicle transport and secretion, cancer cell proliferation and cardiac hypertrophy. However, emerging evidence also highlights PKD as a novel nutrient sensor. PKD activation is mediated by the accumulation of the lipid intermediate diacylglycerol, and PKD activity in the liver, heart and adipose tissue increases upon feeding. In obesity, PKD signalling is linked to reduced insulin signalling and dysfunction in adipose tissue, liver and heart, whilst in the pancreas, PKD is essential for the compensatory increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from β-cells during obesity. Collectively, these studies reveal aspects of PKD signalling that are involved in the tissue-specific responses to obesity. This review summarizes the emerging evidence suggesting that PKD plays an important role in regulating the adaptive response to the obese environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Renton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sean L McGee
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kirsten F Howlett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Sui M, Jiang X, Sun H, Liu C, Fan Y. Berberine Ameliorates Hepatic Insulin Resistance by Regulating microRNA-146b/SIRT1 Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2525-2537. [PMID: 34113144 PMCID: PMC8187038 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s313068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic insulin resistance is a major initiating factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. In previous study, Gegen Qinlian Decoction containing berberine could enhance hepatic insulin sensitivity by SIRT1-dependent deacetylation of FOXO1. However, it is not clear whether berberine also can improve hepatic insulin sensitivity by SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of berberine for improving hepatic insulin resistance and the possible molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS In vitro, HepG2 cells were induced with palmitic acid, and glycogen synthesis was examined. In vivo, a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mouse model was established, and metabolic parameters were assessed. The expressions of miR-146b and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in liver were also examined. The relationship between miR-146b and SIRT1 was examined by the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS Serum biochemical parameters, such as glucose and HOMA-IR index, were increased in HFD mice; miR-146b and SIRT1 were abnormally expressed in HFD mice and palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cells. Interestingly, berberine reduced body weight and caused a significant improvement in glucose tolerance and HOMA-IR index without altering food intake in mice. Overexpression of miR-146b abolished the protective effect of berberine on palmitic acid-induced impaired glycogen synthesis in HepG2 cells. Luciferase assay showed that miR-146b directly targeted SIRT1. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that berberine could attenuate hepatic insulin resistance through the miR-146b/SIRT1 pathway, which may represent a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sui
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongping Sun
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaofu Fan
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yaofu Fan; Chao Liu Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-25-8560 8733 Email ;
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Hasenour CM, Kennedy AJ, Bednarski T, Trenary IA, Eudy BJ, da Silva RP, Boyd KL, Young JD. Vitamin E does not prevent Western diet-induced NASH progression and increases metabolic flux dysregulation in mice. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:707-721. [PMID: 32086244 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver involves ectopic lipid accumulation and dysregulated hepatic oxidative metabolism, which can progress to a state of elevated inflammation and fibrosis referred to as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The factors that control progression from simple steatosis to NASH are not fully known. Here, we tested the hypothesis that dietary vitamin E (VitE) supplementation would prevent NASH progression and associated metabolic alterations induced by a Western diet (WD). Hyperphagic melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient (MC4R-/-) mice were fed chow, chow+VitE, WD, or WD+VitE starting at 8 or 20 weeks of age. All groups exhibited extensive hepatic steatosis by the end of the study (28 weeks of age). WD feeding exacerbated liver disease severity without inducing proportional changes in liver triglycerides. Eight weeks of WD accelerated liver pyruvate cycling, and 20 weeks of WD extensively upregulated liver glucose and oxidative metabolism assessed by 2H/13C flux analysis. VitE supplementation failed to reduce the histological features of NASH. Rather, WD+VitE increased the abundance and saturation of liver ceramides and accelerated metabolic flux dysregulation compared with 8 weeks of WD alone. In summary, VitE did not limit NASH pathogenesis in genetically obese mice, but instead increased some indicators of metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton M Hasenour
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Arion J Kennedy
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Tomasz Bednarski
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Irina A Trenary
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Brandon J Eudy
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Robin P da Silva
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jamey D Young
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. mailto:
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17
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Patel BM, Goyal RK. Liver and insulin resistance: New wine in old bottle!!! Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Su Z, Nie Y, Huang X, Zhu Y, Feng B, Tang L, Zheng G. Mitophagy in Hepatic Insulin Resistance: Therapeutic Potential and Concerns. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1193. [PMID: 31649547 PMCID: PMC6795753 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other metabolic diseases. It is well known that insulin resistance, especially hepatic insulin resistance, is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Current research has shown that hepatic fatty acid accumulation can cause hepatic insulin resistance through increased gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and impaired insulin signal pathway. Mitochondria are the major sites of fatty acid β-oxidation, which is the major degradation mechanism of fatty acids. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be involved in the development of hepatic fatty acid–induced hepatic insulin resistance. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), a catabolic process, selectively degrades damaged mitochondria to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and preserve mitochondrial dynamics and function. Therefore, mitophagy can promote mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to inhibit hepatic fatty acid accumulation and improve hepatic insulin resistance. Here, we review advances in our understanding of the relationship between mitophagy and hepatic insulin resistance. Additionally, we also highlight the potential value of mitophagy in the treatment of hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Abstract
The cause of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not limited to impaired insulin signalling but also involves the complex interplay of multiple metabolic pathways. The analysis of large data sets generated by metabolomics and lipidomics has shed new light on the roles of metabolites such as lipids, amino acids and bile acids in modulating insulin sensitivity. Metabolites can regulate insulin sensitivity directly by modulating components of the insulin signalling pathway, such as insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) and AKT, and indirectly by altering the flux of substrates through multiple metabolic pathways, including lipogenesis, lipid oxidation, protein synthesis and degradation and hepatic gluconeogenesis. Moreover, the post-translational modification of proteins by metabolites and lipids, including acetylation and palmitoylation, can alter protein function. Furthermore, the role of the microbiota in regulating substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity is unfolding. In this Review, we discuss the emerging roles of metabolites in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. A comprehensive understanding of the metabolic adaptations involved in insulin resistance may enable the identification of novel targets for improving insulin sensitivity and preventing, and treating, T2DM.
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20
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Chen H, Nie Q, Hu J, Huang X, Zhang K, Pan S, Nie S. Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Glucomannan Extracted from Konjac on Type 2 Diabetic Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5278-5288. [PMID: 30964673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications are one of the most concerned metabolic diseases worldwide and threaten human health severely. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of glucomannan extracted from konjac on high-fat diet and streptozocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats were evaluated in this study. Administration of konjac glucomannan significantly decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glycated serum protein. The concentrations of serum lipids, including total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acid, were notably reduced by konjac glucomannan treatment. In addition, antioxidant capacity, pancreatic injury, and adipose cell hypertrophy were ameliorated by konjac glucomannan administration in type 2 diabetic rats. Besides, ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based lipidomics analysis was used to explore the improvement of lipid metabolic by konjac glucomannan treatment. The disturbance of glycerolipid (diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol), fatty acyl (acylcarnitine and hydroxyl fatty acid), sphingolipid (ceramide and sphingomyelin), and glycerophospholipid (phosphatidylcholine) metabolism were attenuated by the glucomannan treatment. This study provided new insights for investigating the anti-diabetic effects of konjac glucomannan and suggests that konjac glucomannan may be a promising nutraceutical for treating type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qixing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
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21
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Graae AS, Grarup N, Ribel-Madsen R, Lystbæk SH, Boesgaard T, Staiger H, Fritsche A, Wellner N, Sulek K, Kjolby M, Backe MB, Chubanava S, Prats C, Serup AK, Birk JB, Dubail J, Gillberg L, Vienberg SG, Nykjær A, Kiens B, Wojtaszewski JFP, Larsen S, Apte SS, Häring HU, Vaag A, Zethelius B, Pedersen O, Treebak JT, Hansen T, Holst B. ADAMTS9 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity Through Extracellular Matrix Alterations. Diabetes 2019; 68:502-514. [PMID: 30626608 PMCID: PMC6385758 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ADAMTS9 rs4607103 C allele is one of the few gene variants proposed to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes through an impairment of insulin sensitivity. We show that the variant is associated with increased expression of the secreted ADAMTS9 and decreased insulin sensitivity and signaling in human skeletal muscle. In line with this, mice lacking Adamts9 selectively in skeletal muscle have improved insulin sensitivity. The molecular link between ADAMTS9 and insulin signaling was characterized further in a model where ADAMTS9 was overexpressed in skeletal muscle. This selective overexpression resulted in decreased insulin signaling presumably mediated through alterations of the integrin β1 signaling pathway and disruption of the intracellular cytoskeletal organization. Furthermore, this led to impaired mitochondrial function in mouse muscle-an observation found to be of translational character because humans carrying the ADAMTS9 risk allele have decreased expression of mitochondrial markers. Finally, we found that the link between ADAMTS9 overexpression and impaired insulin signaling could be due to accumulation of harmful lipid intermediates. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and point to inhibition of ADAMTS9 as a potential novel mode of treating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Graae
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ribel-Madsen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Sara H Lystbæk
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Boesgaard
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harald Staiger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niels Wellner
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Balslev Backe
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabina Chubanava
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Prats
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette K Serup
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Dubail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Sara G Vienberg
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Nykjær
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Allan Vaag
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Zethelius
- Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Services, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Feillet-Coudray C, Fouret G, Vigor C, Bonafos B, Jover B, Blachnio-Zabielska A, Rieusset J, Casas F, Gaillet S, Landrier JF, Durand T, Coudray C. Long-Term Measures of Dyslipidemia, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Rats Fed a High-Fat/High-Fructose Diet. Lipids 2019; 54:81-97. [PMID: 30767221 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are thought to be involved in, or associated with, the development of obesity, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. This work was designed to determine the evolution of inflammation and oxidative stress during onset and progression of hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance. Seventy-five male Wistar rats were divided to control and high-fat high-fructose (HFHFr) groups. A subgroup of each group was sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks. HFHFr-fed rats exhibited overweight, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis with increased contents of hepatic diacylglycerols and ceramides. The HFHFr diet increased hepatic interleukin 6 (IL-6) protein and adipose tissue CCL5 gene expression and hepatic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity but not mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The HFHFr diet decreased plasma and liver levels of isoprostanoid metabolites as well as plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels. Hepatic glutathione content was decreased with a moderate decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) with the HFHFr diet. Overall, HFHFr diet led to hepatic lipid accumulation and glucose intolerance, which were accompanied by only moderate inflammation and oxidative stress. Most of these changes occurred at the same time and as early as 8 or 12 weeks of diet treatment. This implies that oxidative stress may be the result, not the cause, of these metabolic alterations, and suggests that marked hepatic oxidative stress should probably occur at the end of the steatotic stage to result in frank insulin resistance and steatohepatitis. These findings need to be further evaluated in other animal species as well as in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Feillet-Coudray
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire & Métabolisme) INRA, University of Montpellier, 2 Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Fouret
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire & Métabolisme) INRA, University of Montpellier, 2 Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Béatrice Bonafos
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire & Métabolisme) INRA, University of Montpellier, 2 Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Jover
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 371 avenue Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Agnieszka Blachnio-Zabielska
- Physiology Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.,Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- UMR U1060, INSERM, Faculté de médecine Lyon-Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - François Casas
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire & Métabolisme) INRA, University of Montpellier, 2 Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Gaillet
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire & Métabolisme) INRA, University of Montpellier, 2 Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Francois Landrier
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Coudray
- DMEM (Dynamique Musculaire & Métabolisme) INRA, University of Montpellier, 2 Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
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23
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Long-term follow-up of muscle lipid accumulation, mitochondrial activity and oxidative stress and their relationship with impaired glucose homeostasis in high fat high fructose diet-fed rats. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 64:182-197. [PMID: 30530258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome components, including obesity, dyslipidemia and impaired glucose homeostasis, become a major public health issue. Muscles play a predominant role in insulin-mediated glucose uptake, and high fat diets may negatively affect muscle function and homeostasis. This work aimed to study the time-course of muscle lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and their association to impaired glucose homeostasis in rats fed an obesogenic diet. Male Wistar rats were fed with a standard or a high fat/high fructose (HFHFr) diet and sacrificed on 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 weeks. Rats fed the HFHFr diet developed mild overweight, increased liver and adipose tissue weights and glucose intolerance. The impaired glucose homeostasis increased gradually with the HFHFr diet to become significant on the 12th and 16th weeks of diet. In parallel, the muscle lipid composition showed an increase in the saturated fatty acids and the monounsaturated fatty acids with a marked decrease in the polyunsaturated fatty acids. The HFHFr diet also increased muscle contents of both diacylglycerols and Ceramides. Surprisingly, HFHFr diet did not induce major muscle mitochondrial dysfunction or oxidative stress. These results indicate that muscle lipid alterations, as well as impaired glucose homeostasis occur as early as the 8th week of HFHFr diet, increase to reach a plateau around the 12th-16th weeks of diet, and then attenuate towards the end of study. At these diet treatment durations, muscle mitochondrial activity and oxidative stress remained unchanged and do not seem to have a major role in the observed impaired glucose homeostasis.
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24
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Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Ramezani M, Sahebkar A. A review of the molecular pathways mediating the improvement in diabetes mellitus following caloric restriction. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8436-8442. [PMID: 30426486 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle modification is the cornerstone of diabetes prevention and treatment. Weight loss through caloric restriction (CR) is effective in improving glycemic control, though it is difficult for patients to follow in practice, and remains critical to achieve optimal glucose homeostasis. In this review, we look at what is known about the molecular pathways involved in CR-induced insulin sensitivity and improved insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Majid Ramezani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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25
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Petersen MC, Shulman GI. Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2133-2223. [PMID: 30067154 PMCID: PMC6170977 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00063.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1382] [Impact Index Per Article: 230.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some discoveries have matured, coalescing into solid and fertile ground for clinical application; others remain incompletely investigated and scientifically controversial. Here, we attempt to synthesize this work to guide further mechanistic investigation and to inform the development of novel therapies for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The rational development of such therapies necessitates detailed knowledge of one of the key pathophysiological processes involved in T2D: insulin resistance. Understanding insulin resistance, in turn, requires knowledge of normal insulin action. In this review, both the physiology of insulin action and the pathophysiology of insulin resistance are described, focusing on three key insulin target tissues: skeletal muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue. We aim to develop an integrated physiological perspective, placing the intricate signaling effectors that carry out the cell-autonomous response to insulin in the context of the tissue-specific functions that generate the coordinated organismal response. First, in section II, the effectors and effects of direct, cell-autonomous insulin action in muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue are reviewed, beginning at the insulin receptor and working downstream. Section III considers the critical and underappreciated role of tissue crosstalk in whole body insulin action, especially the essential interaction between adipose lipolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis. The pathophysiology of insulin resistance is then described in section IV. Special attention is given to which signaling pathways and functions become insulin resistant in the setting of chronic overnutrition, and an alternative explanation for the phenomenon of ‟selective hepatic insulin resistanceˮ is presented. Sections V, VI, and VII critically examine the evidence for and against several putative mediators of insulin resistance. Section V reviews work linking the bioactive lipids diacylglycerol, ceramide, and acylcarnitine to insulin resistance; section VI considers the impact of nutrient stresses in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria on insulin resistance; and section VII discusses non-cell autonomous factors proposed to induce insulin resistance, including inflammatory mediators, branched-chain amino acids, adipokines, and hepatokines. Finally, in section VIII, we propose an integrated model of insulin resistance that links these mediators to final common pathways of metabolite-driven gluconeogenesis and ectopic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C Petersen
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
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26
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Laeger T, Castaño-Martinez T, Werno MW, Japtok L, Baumeier C, Jonas W, Kleuser B, Schürmann A. Dietary carbohydrates impair the protective effect of protein restriction against diabetes in NZO mice used as a model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1459-1469. [PMID: 29550873 PMCID: PMC6449005 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Low-protein diets are well known to improve glucose tolerance and increase energy expenditure. Increases in circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) have been implicated as a potential underlying mechanism. METHODS We aimed to test whether low-protein diets in the context of a high-carbohydrate or high-fat regimen would also protect against type 2 diabetes in New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice used as a model of polygenetic obesity and type 2 diabetes. Mice were placed on high-fat diets that provided protein at control (16 kJ%; CON) or low (4 kJ%; low-protein/high-carbohydrate [LP/HC] or low-protein/high-fat [LP/HF]) levels. RESULTS Protein restriction prevented the onset of hyperglycaemia and beta cell loss despite increased food intake and fat mass. The effect was seen only under conditions of a lower carbohydrate/fat ratio (LP/HF). When the carbohydrate/fat ratio was high (LP/HC), mice developed type 2 diabetes despite the robustly elevated hepatic FGF21 secretion and increased energy expenditure. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Prevention of type 2 diabetes through protein restriction, without lowering food intake and body fat mass, is compromised by high dietary carbohydrates. Increased FGF21 levels and elevated energy expenditure do not protect against hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Laeger
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Castaño-Martinez
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin W Werno
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lukasz Japtok
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Baumeier
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wenke Jonas
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.
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27
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Ramon-Krauel M, Pentinat T, Bloks VW, Cebrià J, Ribo S, Pérez-Wienese R, Vilà M, Palacios-Marin I, Fernández-Pérez A, Vallejo M, Téllez N, Rodríguez MÀ, Yanes O, Lerin C, Díaz R, Plosch T, Tietge UJF, Jimenez-Chillaron JC. Epigenetic programming at the Mogat1 locus may link neonatal overnutrition with long-term hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201700717RR. [PMID: 29812971 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700717rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postnatal overfeeding increases the risk of chronic diseases later in life, including obesity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and type 2 diabetes. Epigenetic mechanisms might underlie the long-lasting effects associated with early nutrition. Here we aimed to explore the molecular pathways involved in early development of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, and we examined the potential contribution of DNA methylation and histone modifications to long-term programming of metabolic disease. We used a well-characterized mouse model of neonatal overfeeding and early adiposity by litter size reduction. Neonatal overfeeding led to hepatic insulin resistance very early in life that persisted throughout adulthood despite normalizing food intake. Up-regulation of monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase ( Mogat) 1 conceivably mediates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance through increasing intracellular diacylglycerol content. Early and sustained deregulation of Mogat1 was associated with a combination of histone modifications that might favor Mogat1 expression. In sum, postnatal overfeeding causes extremely rapid derangements of hepatic insulin sensitivity that remain relatively stable until adulthood. Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly histone modifications, could contribute to such long-lasting effects. Our data suggest that targeting hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase activity during early life might provide a novel strategy to improve hepatic insulin sensitivity and prevent late-onset insulin resistance and fatty liver disease.-Ramon-Krauel, M., Pentinat, T., Bloks, V. W., Cebrià, J., Ribo, S., Pérez-Wienese, R., Vilà, M., Palacios-Marin, I., Fernández-Pérez, A., Vallejo, M., Téllez, N., Rodríguez, M. À., Yanes, O., Lerin, C., Díaz, R., Plosch, T., Tietge, U. J. F., Jimenez-Chillaron, J. C. Epigenetic programming at the Mogat1 locus may link neonatal overnutrition with long-term hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ramon-Krauel
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thais Pentinat
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Cebrià
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Ribo
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricky Pérez-Wienese
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vilà
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivonne Palacios-Marin
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Pérez
- Ciber de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo
- Ciber de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noèlia Téllez
- Ciber de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Àngel Rodríguez
- Ciber de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Ciber de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carles Lerin
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Díaz
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Torsten Plosch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Musselman LP, Fink JL, Maier EJ, Gatto JA, Brent MR, Baranski TJ. Seven-Up Is a Novel Regulator of Insulin Signaling. Genetics 2018; 208:1643-1656. [PMID: 29487137 PMCID: PMC5887154 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes. These complications are exacerbated by a high-calorie diet, which we used to model type 2 diabetes in Drosophila melanogaster Our studies focused on the fat body, an adipose- and liver-like tissue that stores fat and maintains circulating glucose. A gene regulatory network was constructed to predict potential regulators of insulin signaling in this tissue. Genomic characterization of fat bodies suggested a central role for the transcription factor Seven-up (Svp). Here, we describe a new role for Svp as a positive regulator of insulin signaling. Tissue-specific loss-of-function showed that Svp is required in the fat body to promote glucose clearance, lipid turnover, and insulin signaling. Svp appears to promote insulin signaling, at least in part, by inhibiting ecdysone signaling. Svp also impairs the immune response possibly via inhibition of antimicrobial peptide expression in the fat body. Taken together, these studies show that gene regulatory networks can help identify positive regulators of insulin signaling and metabolic homeostasis using the Drosophila fat body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palanker Musselman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, New York 13902
| | - Jill L Fink
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Ezekiel J Maier
- Department of Computer Science, and Department of Genetics and
| | - Jared A Gatto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, New York 13902
| | - Michael R Brent
- Department of Computer Science, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Thomas J Baranski
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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29
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Ter Horst KW, Gilijamse PW, Versteeg RI, Ackermans MT, Nederveen AJ, la Fleur SE, Romijn JA, Nieuwdorp M, Zhang D, Samuel VT, Vatner DF, Petersen KF, Shulman GI, Serlie MJ. Hepatic Diacylglycerol-Associated Protein Kinase Cε Translocation Links Hepatic Steatosis to Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Humans. Cell Rep 2018; 19:1997-2004. [PMID: 28591572 PMCID: PMC5469939 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic lipid accumulation has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, but translational evidence in humans is limited. We investigated the relationship between liver fat and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in 133 obese subjects. Although the presence of hepatic steatosis in obese subjects was associated with hepatic, adipose tissue, and peripheral insulin resistance, we found that intrahepatic triglycerides were not strictly sufficient or essential for hepatic insulin resistance. Thus, to examine the molecular mechanisms that link hepatic steatosis to hepatic insulin resistance, we comprehensively analyzed liver biopsies from a subset of 29 subjects. Here, hepatic cytosolic diacylglycerol content, but not hepatic ceramide content, was increased in subjects with hepatic insulin resistance. Moreover, cytosolic diacylglycerols were strongly associated with hepatic PKCε activation, as reflected by PKCε translocation to the plasma membrane. These results demonstrate the relevance of hepatic diacylglycerol-induced PKCε activation in the pathogenesis of NAFLD-associated hepatic insulin resistance in humans. The presence of hepatic steatosis is associated with insulin resistance Intrahepatic triglycerides are not sufficient for hepatic insulin resistance Diacylglycerol in hepatic cytosol predicts insulin inhibition of glucose production Diacylglycerol-associated insulin resistance is characterized by PKCε translocation
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper W Ter Horst
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim W Gilijamse
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruth I Versteeg
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariette T Ackermans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Romijn
- Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Varman T Samuel
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daniel F Vatner
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kitt F Petersen
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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30
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Montgomery MK, Brown SHJ, Mitchell TW, Coster ACF, Cooney GJ, Turner N. Association of muscle lipidomic profile with high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance across five mouse strains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13914. [PMID: 29066734 PMCID: PMC5654831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different mouse strains exhibit variation in their inherent propensities to develop metabolic disease. We recently showed that C57BL6, 129X1, DBA/2 and FVB/N mice are all susceptible to high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance, while BALB/c mice are relatively protected, despite changes in many factors linked with insulin resistance. One parameter strongly linked with insulin resistance is ectopic lipid accumulation, especially metabolically active ceramides and diacylglycerols (DAG). This study examined diet-induced changes in the skeletal muscle lipidome across these five mouse strains. High-fat feeding increased total muscle triacylglycerol (TAG) content, with elevations in similar triacylglycerol species observed for all strains. There were also generally consistent changes across strains in the abundance of different phospholipid (PL) classes and the fatty acid profile of phospholipid molecular species, with the exception being a strain-specific difference in phospholipid species containing two polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains in BALB/c mice (i.e. a diet-induced decrease in the other four strains, but no change in BALB/c mice). In contrast to TAG and PL, the high-fat diet had a minor influence on DAG and ceramide species across all strains. These results suggest that widespread alterations in muscle lipids are unlikely a major contributors to the favourable metabolic profile of BALB/c mice and rather there is a relatively conserved high-fat diet response in muscle of most mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene K Montgomery
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Diabetes & Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon H J Brown
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- llawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- llawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Adelle C F Coster
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes & Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Diabetes & Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
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31
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Petersen MC, Shulman GI. Roles of Diacylglycerols and Ceramides in Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:649-665. [PMID: 28551355 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although ample evidence links hepatic lipid accumulation with hepatic insulin resistance, the mechanistic basis of this association is incompletely understood and controversial. Diacylglycerols (DAGs) and ceramides have emerged as the two best-studied putative mediators of lipid-induced hepatic insulin resistance. Both lipids were first associated with insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and were subsequently hypothesized to mediate insulin resistance in the liver. However, the putative roles for DAGs and ceramides in hepatic insulin resistance have proved more complex than originally imagined, with various genetic and pharmacologic manipulations yielding a vast and occasionally contradictory trove of data to sort. In this review we examine the state of this field, turning a critical eye toward both DAGs and ceramides as putative mediators of lipid-induced hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C Petersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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32
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Wang X, Gao Y, Song J, Tang C, Wang M, Que L, Liu L, Zhu G, Chen Q, Yao Y, Xu Y, Li J, Li Y. The TIR/BB-loop mimetic AS-1 prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic insulin resistance by inhibiting NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1841-1856. [PMID: 28306139 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by excessive intracellular lipid accumulation, inflammation and hepatic insulin resistance. As the incidence of NASH is increasing worldwide, there is an urgent need to find novel interventional approaches. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, generated and released from Kupffer cells, is considered to initiate the development of NASH. AS-1, a synthetic low-molecule mimetic of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), disrupts the interaction between the IL-1 receptor and MyD88. Here, we investigated whether AS-1 could attenuate the pathogenesis of NASH with an emphasis on hepatic insulin resistance. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Eight-week-old db/db mice were fed a control diet or a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. AS-1 (50 mg·kg-1 ) or vehicle was administered i.p. KEY RESULTS AS-1 administration significantly ameliorated NASH as evidenced by alanine aminotransferase levels and CD68 levels in livers of MCD-fed mice. AS-1 inhibited the MCD diet-induced activation of caspase 1 and the NLRP3-ASC inflammasome, and also reduced the enhanced levels of ROS, malondialdehyde, 3-nitrotyrosine, NADPH oxidase complex and CYP reductase-associated cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression in the liver. In addition, AS-1 decreased ROS, inflammasome activation and IL-1β production in free fatty acid-LPS-treated Kupffer cells. Finally, pretreatment with AS-1 significantly ameliorated gluconeogenesis and insulin desensitization induced by IL-1β, probably by blocking the interaction between MyD88 and the IL-1 receptor. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results indicate that AS-1 can ameliorate NASH and hepatic insulin resistance and could be considered as a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Song
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linli Que
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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33
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Hahn O, Grönke S, Stubbs TM, Ficz G, Hendrich O, Krueger F, Andrews S, Zhang Q, Wakelam MJ, Beyer A, Reik W, Partridge L. Dietary restriction protects from age-associated DNA methylation and induces epigenetic reprogramming of lipid metabolism. Genome Biol 2017; 18:56. [PMID: 28351387 PMCID: PMC5370449 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary restriction (DR), a reduction in food intake without malnutrition, increases most aspects of health during aging and extends lifespan in diverse species, including rodents. However, the mechanisms by which DR interacts with the aging process to improve health in old age are poorly understood. DNA methylation could play an important role in mediating the effects of DR because it is sensitive to the effects of nutrition and can affect gene expression memory over time. Results Here, we profile genome-wide changes in DNA methylation, gene expression and lipidomics in response to DR and aging in female mouse liver. DR is generally strongly protective against age-related changes in DNA methylation. During aging with DR, DNA methylation becomes targeted to gene bodies and is associated with reduced gene expression, particularly of genes involved in lipid metabolism. The lipid profile of the livers of DR mice is correspondingly shifted towards lowered triglyceride content and shorter chain length of triglyceride-associated fatty acids, and these effects become more pronounced with age. Conclusions Our results indicate that DR remodels genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation so that age-related changes are profoundly delayed, while changes at loci involved in lipid metabolism affect gene expression and the resulting lipid profile. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1187-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hahn
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, CECAD, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Sebastian Grönke
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas M Stubbs
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Gabriella Ficz
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Oliver Hendrich
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Krueger
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Inositide Lab, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Andreas Beyer
- Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, CECAD, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK. .,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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34
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A multi-component classifier for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) based on genomic, proteomic, and phenomic data domains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43238. [PMID: 28266614 PMCID: PMC5339694 DOI: 10.1038/srep43238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of conditions that include steatohepatitis and fibrosis that are thought to emanate from hepatic steatosis. Few robust biomarkers or diagnostic tests have been developed for hepatic steatosis in the setting of obesity. We have developed a multi-component classifier for hepatic steatosis comprised of phenotypic, genomic, and proteomic variables using data from 576 adults with extreme obesity who underwent bariatric surgery and intra-operative liver biopsy. Using a 443 patient training set, protein biomarker discovery was performed using the highly multiplexed SOMAscan® proteomic assay, a set of 19 clinical variables, and the steatosis predisposing PNPLA3 rs738409 single nucleotide polymorphism genotype status. The most stable markers were selected using a stability selection algorithm with a L1-regularized logistic regression kernel and were then fitted with logistic regression models to classify steatosis, that were then tested against a 133 sample blinded verification set. The highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) for steatosis of PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype, 8 proteins, or 19 phenotypic variables was 0.913, whereas the final classifier that included variables from all three domains had an AUC of 0.935. These data indicate that multi-domain modeling has better predictive power than comprehensive analysis of variables from a single domain.
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Meikle PJ, Summers SA. Sphingolipids and phospholipids in insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:79-91. [PMID: 27767036 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease form a metabolic disease continuum that has seen a dramatic increase in prevalence in developed and developing countries over the past two decades. Dyslipidaemia resulting from hypercaloric diets is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease, and lipid-lowering therapies are the main therapeutic option for this group of disorders. However, the fact that dysfunctional lipid metabolism extends far beyond cholesterol and triglycerides is becoming increasingly clear. Lipidomic studies and mouse models are helping to explain the complex interactions between diet, lipid metabolism and metabolic disease. These studies are not only improving our understanding of this complex biology, but are also identifying potential therapeutic avenues to combat this growing epidemic. This Review examines what is currently known about phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism in the setting of obesity and how metabolic pathways are being modulated for therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, 201 Presidents Circle, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
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Kim J, Lee YJ, Kim JM, Lee SY, Bae MA, Ahn JH, Han DC, Kwon BM. PPARγ agonists induce adipocyte differentiation by modulating the expression of Lipin-1, which acts as a PPARγ phosphatase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:57-66. [PMID: 27780754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PPARγ agonists induced obesity in animal models as a side effect. Microarray experiments reveal that PPARγ agonist upregulates the expression of lipin-1 and this upregulation is correlated with the activity of the agonists. Lipin-1 induced by PPARγ agonists decreased the levels of PPARγ and ERK1/2 phosphorylation through direct interaction with these proteins in 3T3-L1 cells. In PPARγ agonist-treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, the knockdown of lipin-1 expression by small interfering RNA inhibited the adipogenesis that was induced by PPARγ agonists. In contrast, PPARγ2 expression was increased, and lipid droplets were accumulated in lipin-1-overexpressing 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Rosiglitazone (RGZ), a strong PPARγ agonist, synergistically promoted PPARγ dephosphorylation and adipogenesis in lipin-1-overexpressing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Therefore, lipin-1 has dual functions as a transcriptional cofactor and phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) in the differentiation of preadipocyte cells induced by strong PPARγ agonists. In addition, the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells was markedly upregulated by diacylglycerol (DAG), which was produced by lipin-1. Therefore, lipin-1 induction by PPARγ agonists might be an important factor in understanding the biological mechanism of the agonists' adverse effects, and this information may be valuable in the development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) therapeutics with reduced adverse effects and greater tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology in Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ae Bae
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Cho Han
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology in Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Mog Kwon
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology in Korea, Republic of Korea.
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Liu W, Baker RD, Bhatia T, Zhu L, Baker SS. Pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1969-87. [PMID: 26894897 PMCID: PMC11108381 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and a risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathological features of NASH include steatosis, hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and various degrees of fibrosis. Steatosis reflects disordered lipid metabolism. Insulin resistance and excessive fatty acid influx to the liver are two important contributing factors. Steatosis is also likely associated with lipotoxicity and cellular stresses such as oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which result in hepatocyte injury. Inflammation and fibrosis are frequently triggered by various signals such as proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, released by injuried hepatocytes and activated Kupffer cells. Although much progress has been made, the pathogenesis of NASH is not fully elucidated. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current understanding of NASH pathogenesis, mainly focusing on factors contributing to steatosis, hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Robert D Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Tavleen Bhatia
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Susan S Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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Lopategi A, López-Vicario C, Alcaraz-Quiles J, García-Alonso V, Rius B, Titos E, Clària J. Role of bioactive lipid mediators in obese adipose tissue inflammation and endocrine dysfunction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 419:44-59. [PMID: 26433072 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue is recognized as an active endocrine organ implicated in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. However, adipose tissue function, which has a crucial role in the development of obesity-related comorbidities including insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is dysregulated in obese individuals. This review explores the physiological functions and molecular actions of bioactive lipids biosynthesized in adipose tissue including sphingolipids and phospholipids, and in particular fatty acids derived from phospholipids of the cell membrane. Special emphasis is given to polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-6 and omega-3 families and their conversion to bioactive lipid mediators through the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. The participation of omega-3-derived lipid autacoids in the resolution of adipose tissue inflammation and in the prevention of obesity-associated hepatic complications is also thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritz Lopategi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Cristina López-Vicario
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - José Alcaraz-Quiles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Verónica García-Alonso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Bibiana Rius
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Esther Titos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain; CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Joan Clària
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain; CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
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Montgomery MK, Fiveash CE, Braude JP, Osborne B, Brown SHJ, Mitchell TW, Turner N. Disparate metabolic response to fructose feeding between different mouse strains. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18474. [PMID: 26690387 PMCID: PMC4686880 DOI: 10.1038/srep18474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets enriched in fructose (FR) increase lipogenesis in the liver, leading to hepatic lipid accumulation and the development of insulin resistance. Previously, we have shown that in contrast to other mouse strains, BALB/c mice are resistant to high fat diet-induced metabolic deterioration, potentially due to a lack of ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver. In this study we have compared the metabolic response of BALB/c and C57BL/6 (BL6) mice to a fructose-enriched diet. Both strains of mice increased adiposity in response to FR-feeding, while only BL6 mice displayed elevated hepatic triglyceride (TAG) accumulation and glucose intolerance. The lack of hepatic TAG accumulation in BALB/c mice appeared to be linked to an altered balance between lipogenic and lipolytic pathways, while the protection from fructose-induced glucose intolerance in this strain was likely related to low levels of ER stress, a slight elevation in insulin levels and an altered profile of diacylglycerol species in the liver. Collectively these findings highlight the multifactorial nature of metabolic defects that develop in response to changes in the intake of specific nutrients and the divergent response of different mouse strains to dietary challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Montgomery
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C E Fiveash
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J P Braude
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Osborne
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S H J Brown
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - T W Mitchell
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - N Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Guo XY, Liu J, Gao Y. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathogenesis and incretin based therapies. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4990-4996. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i31.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS). The current treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) principally involves amelioration of MS components by lifestyle modification. Effective pharmacological agents for fatty liver treatment are lacking. Incretins are gut derived hormones secreted into the circulation in response to nutrient ingestion that can enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and represent a new class of drugs for treatment of type 2 diabetes, including glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase 4 inhibitors. There are several experimental and clinical trials exploring the efficacy of incretin based therapies in NAFLD treatment, however, further studies are needed to assess the long-term effect of incretin based therapies on NAFLD.
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