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Kuang L, You Y, Qi J, Chen J, Zhou X, Ji S, Cheng J, Kwan HY, Jiang P, Sun X, Su M, Wang M, Chen W, Luo R, Zhao X, Zhou L. Qi-dan-dihuang decoction ameliorates renal fibrosis in diabetic rats via p38MAPK/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3481-3499. [PMID: 38456329 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Qi-dan-dihuang decoction (QDD) has been used to treat diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study reveals the mechanism by which QDD ameliorates DKD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds in QDD were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Key targets and signaling pathways were screened through bioinformatics. Nondiabetic Lepr db/m mice were used as control group, while Lepr db/db mice were divided into model group, dapagliflozin group, 1% QDD-low (QDD-L), and 2% QDD-high (QDD-H) group. After 12 weeks of administration, 24 h urinary protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels were detected. Kidney tissues damage and fibrosis were evaluated by pathological staining. In addition, 30 mmol/L glucose-treated HK-2 and NRK-52E cells to induce DKD model. Cell activity and migration capacity as well as protein expression levels were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 46 key target genes were identified. Functional enrichment analyses showed that key target genes were significantly enriched in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In addition, in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that QDD ameliorated renal fibrosis in diabetic mice by resolving inflammation and inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the p38MAPK and AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION QDD inhibits EMT and the inflammatory response through the p38MAPK and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, thereby playing a protective role in renal fibrosis in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyan Kuang
- Endocrinology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanting You
- Endocrinology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Taishan People's Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Taishan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieying Qi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinghong Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Ji
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingru Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengting Su
- Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxiao Chen
- Taishan People's Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Taishan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ren Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Hu S, Hang X, Wei Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhao L. Crosstalk among podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells in diabetic kidney disease: an updated review. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:136. [PMID: 38374141 PMCID: PMC10875896 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a long-term and serious complication of diabetes that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by proteinuria, glomerular damage, and renal fibrosis, leading to end-stage renal disease, and the pathogenesis is complex and involves multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. Among three kinds of intraglomerular cells including podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and mesangial cells (MCs), the alterations in one cell type can produce changes in the others. The cell-to-cell crosstalk plays a crucial role in maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and homeostasis. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in understanding the pathological changes and interactions of these three types of cells in DKD and then focused on the signaling pathways and factors that mediate the crosstalk, such as angiopoietins, vascular endothelial growth factors, transforming growth factor-β, Krüppel-like factors, retinoic acid receptor response protein 1 and exosomes, etc. Furthermore, we also simply introduce the application of the latest technologies in studying cell interactions within glomerular cells and new promising mediators for cell crosstalk in DKD. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the glomerular crosstalk in DKD and highlights its importance for the development of novel intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwan Hu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xing Hang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Han Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Xiang Y, Sun M, Wu Y, Hu Y. MiR-205-5p-Mediated MAGI1 Inhibition Attenuates the Injury Induced by Diabetic Nephropathy. Pharmacology 2024; 109:98-109. [PMID: 38325349 DOI: 10.1159/000535670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Membrane-associated guanylate kinase with an inverted domain structure-1 (MAGI1) is dysregulated in diabetes; however, its role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. In this study, we determined the function and associated mechanisms of MAGI1 in DN. METHODS Serum samples from 28 patients with DN and 28 normal volunteers were collected. High-glucose (HG)-treated human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs) and streptozotocin-treated rats were used as cell and animal models of DN, respectively. MAGI1 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. An 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay was used to assess cell proliferation, whereas Western blot analysis was performed to quantitate the levels of markers associated with proliferation, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and inflammation. These included collagens I, collagen IV, cyclin D1, AKT, phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT), PI3K, and phosphorylated-PI3K (p-PI3K). The predicted binding of miR-205-5p with the MAGI1 3'UTR was verified using a luciferase assay. RESULTS MAGI1 expression was increased in serum samples from DN patients and in HRMCs treated with HG. MAGI1 knockdown attenuated excessive proliferation, ECM accumulation, and inflammation in HG-induced HRMCs as well as injury to DN rats. MiR-205-5p potentially interacted with the 3'UTR of MAGI1 and binding was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, miR-205-5p repression offset the inhibitory influence of MAGI1 knockdown on proliferation, collagen deposition, and inflammation in HG-treated HRMCs. CONCLUSION MAGI1 contributes to injury caused by DN. Furthermore, miR-205-5p binds to MAGI1 and suppresses MAGI1 function. These findings suggest that miR-205-5p-mediates MAGI1 inhibition, which represents a potential treatment for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbing Xiang
- Nephropathy Rheumatology Department, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Sun
- Nephropathy Rheumatology Department, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Wu
- Nephropathy Rheumatology Department, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Nephropathy Rheumatology Department, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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Aglan HA, Kotob SE, Mahmoud NS, Kishta MS, Ahmed HH. Bone marrow stem cell-derived β-cells: New issue for diabetes cell therapy. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102280. [PMID: 38029457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to establish the promising role of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) growing from bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in relieving hyperglycemia induced in rats. BM-MSCs were differentiated into IPCs using three different protocols. The efficiency of BM-MSCs differentiation into IPCs in vitro was confirmed by detecting IPCs specific gene expression (Foxa-2, PDX-1 and Ngn-3) and insulin release assay. The in vivo study design included 3 groups of male Wistar rats; negative control group, diabetic group and IPCs-transfused group (5 ×106 cells of the most functional IPCs/rat). One month after IPCs infusion, serum glucose, insulin, c-peptide and visfatin levels as well as pancreatic glucagon level were quantified. Gene expression analysis of pancreatic Foxa-2 and Sox-17, IGF-1 and FGF-10 was done. Additionally, histological investigation of pancreatic tissue sections was performed. Our data clarified that, the most functional IPCs are those generated from BM-MSCs using differentiation protocol 3 as indicated by the significant up-regulation of Foxa-2, PDX-1 and Ngn-3 gene expression levels. These findings were further emphasized by releasing of a significant amount of insulin in response to glucose load. The transplantation of the IPCs in diabetic rats elicited significant decline in serum glucose, visfatin and pancreatic glucagon levels along with significant rise in serum insulin and c-peptide levels. Moreover, it triggered significant up-regulation in the expression levels of pancreatic Foxa-2, Sox-17, IGF-1 and FGF-10 genes versus the untreated diabetic counterpart. The histopathological examination of pancreatic tissue almost assisted the biochemical and molecular genetic analyses. These results disclose that the cell therapy holds potential to develop a new cure for DM based on the capability of BM-MSCs to generate β-cell phenotype using specific protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer A Aglan
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Soheir E Kotob
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia S Mahmoud
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Kishta
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Du Y, Feng Y, Cai Y, Tian C. CircLARP1B promotes pyroptosis of high glucose-induced renal mesangial cells by regulating the miR-578/TLR4 axis. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:283-293. [PMID: 37341906 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a main cause of end-stage renal disease with high mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with the pathogenesis of DN. This study aimed to explore the role of circLARP1B in DN. METHODS The levels of circLARP1B, miR-578, TLR4 in DN and high glucose (HG)-treated cells using quantitative real-time PCR. Their relationship was analyzed using dual-luciferase reporter assay. The biological behaviors were assessed by MTT assay, EDU assay, flow cytometry, ELISA, and western blot. RESULTS The results indicated that circLARP1B and TLR4 were highly expressed, and miR-578 was low expressed in patients with DN and HG-induced cells. Knockdown of circLARP1B promoted the proliferation and cell cycle, and inhibited pyroptosis and inflammation of HG-induced cells. CircLARP1B is a sponge of miR-578, which targets TLR4. Rescue experiments showed that inhibition of miR-578 reversed the effects of circLARP1B knockdown, while TLR4 reversed the effects of miR-578. CONCLUSION CircLARP1B/miR-578/TLR4 axis suppressed the proliferation, blocked cell cycle at the G0-G1 phase, promoted pyroptosis, and inflammatory factor release of renal mesangial cells induced by HG. The findings suggested that circLARP1B may be a target for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 48, Fenghao West Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710077, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chang Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Semenikhina M, Lysikova DV, Spires DR, Domondon M, Stadler K, Palygin O, Ilatovskaya DV. Transcriptomic changes in glomeruli in response to a high salt challenge in the Dahl SS rat. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:98-111. [PMID: 37955135 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00075.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt sensitivity impacts a significant portion of the population and is an important contributor to the development of chronic kidney disease. One of the significant early predictors of salt-induced damage is albuminuria, which reflects the deterioration of the renal filtration barrier: the glomerulus. Despite significant research efforts, there is still a gap in knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms and signaling networks contributing to instigating and/or perpetuating salt-induced glomerular injury. To address this gap, we used 8-wk-old male Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a normal-salt diet (0.4% NaCl) or challenged with a high-salt diet (4% NaCl) for 3 wk. At the end of the protocol, a pure fraction of renal glomeruli obtained by differential sieving was used for next-generation RNA sequencing and comprehensive semi-automatic transcriptomic data analyses, which revealed 149 differentially expressed genes (107 and 42 genes were downregulated and upregulated, respectively). Furthermore, a combination of predictive gene correlation networks and computational bioinformatic analyses revealed pathways impacted by a high salt dietary challenge, including renal metabolism, mitochondrial function, apoptotic signaling and fibrosis, cell cycle, inflammatory and immune responses, circadian clock, cytoskeletal organization, G protein-coupled receptor signaling, and calcium transport. In conclusion, we report here novel transcriptomic interactions and corresponding predicted pathways affecting glomeruli under salt-induced stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrated novel pathways affecting glomeruli under stress induced by dietary salt. Predictive gene correlation networks and bioinformatic semi-automatic analysis revealed changes in the pathways relevant to mitochondrial function, inflammatory, apoptotic/fibrotic processes, and cell calcium transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Semenikhina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Daria V Lysikova
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Denisha R Spires
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Mark Domondon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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Zhang Z, Deng S, Shi Q. Isoliquiritigenin attenuates high glucose-induced proliferation, inflammation, and extracellular matrix deposition in glomerular mesangial cells by suppressing JAK2/STAT3 pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:123-131. [PMID: 37368032 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of isoliquiritigenin (ISL) on high glucose (HG)-induced glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and inflammation, and the underlying mechanisms. Mouse GMCs (SV40-MES-13) were cultured in HG medium, with or without ISL. The proliferation of GMCs was determined by MTT assay. The production of proinflammatory cytokines was detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), TGF-β1, collagen IV, and fibronectin was measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. The phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 was examined by western blot. Next, JAK2 inhibitor AG490 was applied to HG-exposed GMCs. The levels of JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation and pro-fibrotic markers were analyzed by western blot, and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β was evaluated by ELISA. GMCs were treated with HG, HG plus ISL or HG plus ISL, and recombinant IL-6 (rIL-6) which is a JAK2 activator. The levels of JAK2/STAT3 activation, ECM formation, and proinflammatory cytokines secretion were determined by western blot and ELISA, respectively. In mouse GMCs, ISL successfully repressed HG-induced hyperproliferation; production of TNF-α and IL-1β; expression of CTGF, TGF-β1, collagen IV, and fibronectin; and activation of JAK2/STAT3. Similar to ISL, AG490 was able to reverse the inflammation and ECM generation caused by HG. Moreover, rIL-6 impeded the amelioration of ISL on HG-induced adverse effects. Our study demonstrated that ISL displayed preventive effects on HG-exposed GMCs through inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway and provided an insight into the application of ISL for diabetic nephropathy (DN) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shufen Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiwen Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Qamar F, Sultana S, Sharma M. Animal models for induction of diabetes and its complications. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1021-1028. [PMID: 37975101 PMCID: PMC10638335 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Animal models are widely used to develop newer drugs for treatment of diabetes and its complications. We conducted a systematic review to find various animal models to induce diabetes and also the suitable methods in various diabetic complications. With an emphasis on the animal models of diabetes induction, this review provides a basic overview of diabetes and its various types. It focused on the use of rats and mice for chemical, spontaneous, surgical, genetic, viral, and hormonal induction approaches. Methods All observations and research conducted on Diabetes and its complications published up to 18 May 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Conchrane Library databases were included. Main outcome measures were reporting the induction of diabetes in experimental animals, the various animal models for diabetic complications including diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy and diabetic osteopathy. The quality of reporting of included articles and risk of bias were assessed. Results We reached various articles and found that rats and mice are the most frequently used animals for inducing diabetes. Chemical induction is the most commonly used followed by spontaneous and surgical methods. With slight modification various breeds and species are developed to study and induce specific complications on eyes, kidneys, neurons and bones. Conclusions Our review suggested that rats and mice are the most suitable animals. Furthermore, chemical induction is the method frequently used by experimenters. Moreover, high quality studies are required to find the suitable methods for diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Qamar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, Delhi, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Shirin Sultana
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, Delhi, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, Delhi, New Delhi, 110062 India
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Shu H, Zhang Z, Liu J, Chen P, Yang C, Wu Y, Wu D, Cao Y, Chu Y, Li L. Circular RNAs: An emerging precise weapon for diabetic nephropathy diagnosis and therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115818. [PMID: 37939612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus and represents a major cause of chronic kidney disease and renal failure. Current treatment strategies for DN primarily focus on symptom alleviation, lacking effective approaches to halt or reverse DN progression. Circular RNA (circRNA), characterized by a closed-loop structure, has emerged as a novel non-coding RNA regulator of gene expression, attributed to its conservation, stability, specificity, and multifunctionality. Dysregulation of circRNA expression is closely associated with DN progression, whereby circRNA impacts kidney cell injury by modulating cell cycle, differentiation, cell death, as well as influencing the release of inflammatory factors and stromal fibronectin expression. Consequently, circRNA is considered a predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for DN. This review provides an overview of the latest research progress in the classification, functions, monitoring methods, and databases related to circRNA. The paper focuses on elucidating the impact and underlying mechanisms of circRNA on kidney cells under diabetic conditions, aiming to offer novel insights into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Shu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; School of First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Peijian Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Can Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Luxin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
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Li X, Zhang Y, Xing X, Li M, Liu Y, Xu A, Zhang J. Podocyte injury of diabetic nephropathy: Novel mechanism discovery and therapeutic prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115670. [PMID: 37837883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, posing significant challenges in terms of early prevention, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. Consequently, it has emerged as a major contributor to end-stage renal disease. The glomerular filtration barrier, composed of podocytes, endothelial cells, and the glomerular basement membrane, plays a vital role in maintaining renal function. Disruptions in podocyte function, including hypertrophy, shedding, reduced density, and apoptosis, can impair the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier, resulting in elevated proteinuria, abnormal glomerular filtration rate, and increased creatinine levels. Hence, recent research has increasingly focused on the role of podocyte injury in DN, with a growing emphasis on exploring therapeutic interventions targeting podocyte injury. Studies have revealed that factors such as lipotoxicity, hemodynamic abnormalities, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired autophagy can contribute to podocyte injury. This review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms of podocyte injury in DN and provide an overview of the current research status regarding experimental drugs targeting podocyte injury in DN. The findings presented herein may offer potential therapeutic targets and strategies for the management of DN associated with podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandeng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaodong Xing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ajing Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Yang C, Zhang Z, Liu J, Chen P, Li J, Shu H, Chu Y, Li L. Research progress on multiple cell death pathways of podocytes in diabetic kidney disease. Mol Med 2023; 29:135. [PMID: 37828444 PMCID: PMC10571269 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, and its clinical manifestations are progressive proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and renal failure. The injury and death of glomerular podocytes are the keys to DKD. Currently, a variety of cell death modes have been identified in podocytes, including apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, etc. The signaling pathways leading to these cell death processes are interconnected and can be activated simultaneously or in parallel. They are essential for cell survival and death that determine the fate of cells. With the deepening of the research on the mechanism of cell death, more and more researchers have devoted their attention to the underlying pathologic research and the drug therapy research of DKD. In this paper, we discussed the podocyte physiologic role and DKD processes. We also provide an overview of the types and specific mechanisms involved in each type of cell death in DKD, as well as related targeted therapy methods and drugs are reviewed. In the last part we discuss the complexity and potential crosstalk between various modes of cell death, which will help improve the understanding of podocyte death and lay a foundation for new and ideal targeted therapy strategies for DKD treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- School of First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Peijian Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Haiying Shu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China.
| | - Luxin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China.
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Darmayanti S, Lesmana R, Meiliana A, Abdulah R. V-ATPase subunit C 1 and IKBIP as tandem prospective biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 203:110887. [PMID: 37604283 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The appearance of low-molecular-weight (LMW) protein in the urine indicates any disruption in the structural integrity of the glomerular capillary wall; therefore, the presence of LMW protein may be a potential predictive marker for DN. METHODS The urine proteomic profiling of T2DM patients (n = 94) and control group (n = 32) was compared by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the untargeted LMW protein was identified by Progenesis Q1 For Proteomics v4.2. RESULTS A total of 73 LMW proteins were identified and quantified, of which, 32 proteins were found to be altered significantly (p < 0.05). Further analysis with heat maps identified two potential proteins with the highest folding alterations in urine. V-ATPase subunit C 1 abundance was significantly inversely correlated with microalbumin and significantly decreased in urine, whereas increased IKBIP was positively correlated with microalbumin. The level of those proteins was significantly different among the control, T2DM, and DN groups, implying an association with the progression of DN. CONCLUSIONS The present findings of our study indicate that the decreasing V-ATPase subunit C 1 together with increasing IKBIP in urine, were found to be closely associated with DN complications and signifying their value as biomarkers for predicting the risk of DN at initial diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siska Darmayanti
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia; Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia; Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia.
| | - Anna Meiliana
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia; Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rizky Abdulah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia; Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
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13
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Wang S, Qin S, Cai B, Zhan J, Chen Q. Promising therapeutic mechanism for Chinese herbal medicine in ameliorating renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:932649. [PMID: 37522131 PMCID: PMC10376707 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.932649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious chronic microvascular abnormalities of diabetes mellitus and the major cause of uremia. Accumulating evidence has confirmed that fibrosis is a significant pathological feature that contributes to the development of chronic kidney disease in DN. However, the exact mechanism of renal fibrosis in DN is still unclear, which greatly hinders the treatment of DN. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has shown efficacy and safety in ameliorating inflammation and albuminuria in diabetic patients. In this review, we outline the underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis in DN, including oxidative stress (OS) generation and OS-elicited ASK1-p38/JNK activation. Also, we briefly summarize the current status of CHM treating DN by improving renal fibrosis. The treatment of DN by inhibiting ASK1 activation to alleviate renal fibrosis in DN with CHM will promote the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for DN and provide a beneficial therapeutic method for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengju Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Qin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Baochao Cai
- Diabetes Department, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jihong Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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14
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Yosri H, El-Kashef DH, El-Sherbiny M, Said E, Salem HA. Calycosin modulates NLRP3 and TXNIP-mediated pyroptotic signaling and attenuates diabetic nephropathy progression in diabetic rats; An insight. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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15
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Modes of podocyte death in diabetic kidney disease: an update. J Nephrol 2022; 35:1571-1584. [PMID: 35201595 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) accounts for a large proportion of end-stage renal diseases that require renal replacement therapies including dialysis and transplantation. Therefore, it is critical to understand the occurrence and development of DKD. Podocytes are mainly injured during the development of DKD, ultimately leading to their extensive death and loss. In turn, the injury and death of glomerular podocytes are also the main culprits of DKD. This review introduces the characteristics of podocytes and summarizes the modes of their death in DKD, including apoptosis, autophagy, mitotic catastrophe (MC), anoikis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Apoptosis is characterized by nuclear condensation and the formation of apoptotic bodies, and it exerts a different effect from autophagy in mediating DKD-induced podocyte loss. MC mediates a faulty mitotic process while anoikis separates podocytes from the basement membrane. Moreover, pyroptosis activates inflammatory factors to aggravate podocyte injuries whilst necroptosis drives signaling cascades, such as receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like, ultimately promoting the death of podocytes. In conclusion, a thorough knowledge of the modes of podocyte death in DKD can help us understand the development of DKD and lay the foundation for strategies in DKD disease therapy.
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16
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Salami M, Salami R, Mafi A, Aarabi MH, Vakili O, Asemi Z. Therapeutic potential of resveratrol in diabetic nephropathy according to molecular signaling. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:716-735. [PMID: 34923951 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666211217122523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) as a severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is a crucial menace for human health and survival and remarkably elevates the healthcare systems' costs. Therefore, it is worth noting to identify novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to alleviate the disease conditions. Resveratrol, as a well-defined anti-diabetic/ antioxidant agent has capabilities to counteract diabetic complications. It has been predicted that resveratrol will be a fantastic natural polyphenol for diabetes therapy in the next few years. OBJECTIVE Accordingly, the current review aims to depict the role of resveratrol in the regulation of different signaling pathways that are involved in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammatory processes, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction, as critical contributors to DN pathophysiology. RESULTS The pathogenesis of DN can be multifactorial; hyperglycemia is one of the prominent risk factors of DN development that is closely related to oxidative stress. Resveratrol, as a well-defined polyphenol, has various biological and medicinal properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects. CONCLUSION Resveratrol prevents kidney damages that are caused by oxidative stress, enhances antioxidant capacity, and attenuates the inflammatory and fibrotic responses. For this reason, resveratrol is considered an interesting target in DN research due to its therapeutic possibilities during diabetic disorders and renal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Salami
- Department of biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of medical sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Salami
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Aarabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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17
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Sapian S, Budin SB, Taib IS, Mariappan V, Zainalabidin S, Chin KY. Role of Polyphenol in Regulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Apoptosis in Diabetic Nephropathy. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:453-470. [PMID: 34802412 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666211119144309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is known as one of the driving sources of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DN prevalence continues to increase in every corner of the world andthat has been a major concern to healthcare professionals as DN is the key driver of diabetes mellitus (DM) morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycaemia is closely connected with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress response as well as numerous cellular and molecular modifications. Oxidative stress is a significant causative factor to renal damage, as it can activate other immunological pathways, such as inflammatory, fibrosis, and apoptosis pathways. These pathways can lead to cellular impairment and death as well as cellular senescence. Natural substances containing bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, have been reported to exert valuable effects on various pathological conditions, including DM. The role of polyphenols in alleviating DN conditions has been documented in many studies. In this review, the potential of polyphenols in ameliorating the progression of DN via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis, as well as cellular senescence, has been addressed. This information may be used as the strategies for the management of DN and development as nutraceutical products to overcome DN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syaifuzah Sapian
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Kok Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000. Malaysia
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18
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Ahangarpour A, Oroojan AA, Khorsandi L, Kouchak M, Badavi M. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in isolated proximal tubules of mouse: the in vitro effects of myricitrin and its solid lipid nanoparticle. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:422-428. [PMID: 31368364 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1647250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The hyperglycemia (Hyper) induces oxidative stress in kidney tubular cells. Myricitrin (Myr) has an antioxidant effect along with low bioavailability. OBJECTIVE The present research investigated the effects of Myr and its solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) on isolated proximal tubules exposed to the hyperglycemic condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, the proximal tubules of mice were dissected by the microdissection method and the tubules were prepared for experimental or Real Time-PCR measurement. RESULTS The malondialdehyde level, transforming growth factor-β, nuclear factor kappa B and Bax genes expression increased in Hyper and decreased in Hyper + Myr and its SLN-treated groups compared to Hyper. Superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, the viability of proximal tubules and Bcl-2 gene expression decreased in untreated Hyper and increased in all treatment groups compared to Hyper. CONCLUSION The hyperglycemia-induced oxidative disorder, inflammation and apoptosis in proximal tubules and that administrating Myr and its SLN improved them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ahangarpour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Oroojan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kouchak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Yu Z, Zhang W, Li B, Bao P, Wang F, Sun J, Song G, Yin L, Nan Z. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with Chinese Herbal Medicine for diabetic nephropathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27087. [PMID: 34477143 PMCID: PMC8416003 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications in the development of diabetes mellitus, which has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease and one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. With the prevalence of diabetes, the number of patients at risk for developing DN is increasing, with 20-40 percent of all patients with diabetes at risk for developing DN. Acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine treatments are often combined to treat DN; however, there has been no meta-analysis on their synergistic effects. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the effectiveness of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for DN treatment. METHODS Nine electronic databases were retrieved for this study. The English databases mainly retrieved PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, AMED, and the Cochrane Library, while the CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang databases were used to retrieve the Chinese literature. There is no definite time limit for the retrieval literature, and the languages are limited to Chinese and English. We will consider articles published between database initiation and August 2021. We used Review Manager 5.4, provided by the Cochrane Collaborative Network for statistical analysis. Clinical randomized controlled trials related to acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for DN were included in this study. Research selection, data extraction, and research quality assessments were independently completed by two researchers. We then assessed the quality and risk of the included studies and observed the outcome measures. RESULTS This study provides a high-quality synthesis to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for treating DN. CONCLUSION This systematic review will provide evidence to determine whether acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine is an effective and safe intervention for patients with DN. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol of the systematic review does not require ethical approval because it does not involve humans. This article will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences. REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202180018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Yu
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Formulas of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Borui Li
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
| | - Pengjie Bao
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Fengyang Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jian Sun
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Guojiao Song
- Gynecology of Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jilin Province
| | - Lu Yin
- Gynecology of Chinese Medicine, Traditional Medical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Zheng Nan
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
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20
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The Antioxidative Role of Natural Compounds from a Green Coconut Mesocarp Undeniably Contributes to Control Diabetic Complications as Evidenced by the Associated Genes and Biochemical Indexes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9711176. [PMID: 34367469 PMCID: PMC8337112 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9711176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to look into the effects of green coconut mesocarp juice extract (CMJE) on diabetes-related problems in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 2 diabetes, as well as the antioxidative functions of its natural compounds in regulating the associated genes and biochemical markers. CMJE's antioxidative properties were evaluated by the standard antioxidant assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical, nitric oxide, and ferrous ions along with the total phenolic and flavonoids content. The α-amylase inhibitory effect was measured by an established method. The antidiabetic effect of CMJE was assayed by fructose-fed STZ-induced diabetic models in albino rats. The obtained results were verified by bioinformatics-based network pharmacological tools: STITCH, STRING, GSEA, and Cytoscape plugin cytoHubba bioinformatics tools. The results showed that GC-MS-characterized compounds from CMJE displayed a very promising antioxidative potential. In an animal model study, CMJE significantly (P < 0.05) decreased blood glucose, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, uric acid, and lipid levels and increased glucose tolerance as well as glucose homeostasis (HOMA-IR and HOMA-b scores). The animal's body weights and relative organ weights were found to be partially restored. Tissue architectures of the pancreas and the kidney were remarkably improved by low doses of CMJE. Compound-protein interactions showed that thymine, catechol, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural of CMJE interacted with 84 target proteins. Of the top 15 proteins found by Cytoscape 3.6.1, 8, CAT and OGG1 (downregulated) and CASP3, COMT, CYP1B1, DPYD, NQO1, and PTGS1 (upregulated), were dysregulated in diabetes-related kidney disease. The data demonstrate the highly prospective use of CMJE in the regulation of tubulointerstitial tissues of patients with diabetic nephropathy.
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21
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Mathur A, Pandey VK, Khan MF, Kakkar P. PHLPP1/Nrf2-Mdm2 axis induces renal apoptosis via influencing nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of FoxO1 during diabetic nephropathy. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3681-3699. [PMID: 34057658 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Impaired PI3K/Akt signaling (insulin resistance) and poor glycemic control (hyperglycemia) are the major risk factors involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study was designed to identify factors influencing cell survival during DN. We found that high glucose exposure in renal proximal tubular cells (NRK52E) upregulated PHLPP1, an Akt phosphatase (Ser473), causing suppression in Akt and IGF1β phosphorylation leading to inhibition in insulin signaling pathway. Results demonstrate that sustained activation of PHLPP1 promoted nuclear retention of FoxO1 by preventing its ubiquitination via Mdm2, an Akt/ Nrf2-dependent E3 ligase. Thus, enhanced FoxO1 nuclear stability caused aberration in renal gluconeogenesis and activated apoptotic cascade. Conversely, gene silencing of PHLPP1-enhanced Nrf2 expression and attenuated FoxO1 regulated apoptosis compared to hyperglycemic cells. Mechanistic aspects of PHLPP1-Nrf2/FoxO1 signaling were further validated in STZ-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic Wistar rats. Importantly, we observed via immunoblotting and dual immunocytochemical studies that treatment of Morin (2',3,4',5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone) during diabetes significantly augmented FoxO1 nuclear exclusion, resulting in its ubiquitination via Akt-Nrf2/Mdm2 pathway. Furthermore, lowering of PHLPP1 expression by Morin also prevented FoxO1/Mst1-mediated apoptotic signaling in vitro and in vivo. Morin treatment under the experimental conditions, effectively decreased blood glucose levels, ameliorated insulin resistance, alleviated oxidative stress and attenuated renal apoptosis in diabetic rats comparable to metformin thereby exhibiting tremendous potential against renal complications of diabetes. These novel results further acclaim that inhibition of PHLPP1/FoxO1-Mdm2 axis is critical in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Mathur
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Pandey
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Fareed Khan
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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22
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Leakey JEA, Ali AA, Babb AR, Badgley HL, Davis KJ, Juliar BE, Leakey TI, Lewis SM, Patton RE, Seng JE. Subchronic toxicity evaluation of glucosamine and glucosamine in combination with chondroitin sulfate in obese Zucker rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 412:115371. [PMID: 33345901 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
D-glucosamine is a widely consumed dietary supplement used to promote joint health and treat osteoarthritis. It also stimulates intracellular hexosamine flux and increases transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) mRNA expression and insulin resistance in animal studies. The effects of D-glucosamine exposure were investigated in obese Zucker rats. Male (leprfa/leprfa) Zucker rats were exposed to 30, 120, 300 and 600 mg D-glucosamine HCl per kg/day either alone or with chondroitin sulfate (24, 96, 240 and 480 mg/kg/day respectively) for 90 days. After 4 weeks exposure, these doses produced CmaxD-glucosamine concentrations of up to 24 μM in tail vein serum concurrent with a transient 30% increase in blood glucose concentration in the 600 mg/kg/day dose group. D-Glucosamine did not significantly alter body weight, blood glucose or serum insulin levels at any dose tested after 13 weeks exposure, but did increase urinary TGFβ1 concentrations. The Zucker rats developed nephropathy and scrotal sores that were related to their hyperglycemia and obesity, and D-glucosamine exposure exacerbated these conditions to a small extent. The incidence of pulmonary osseous metaplasia was increased in rats exposed to D-glucosamine and a single incidence of adrenal osseous metaplasia was noted in one animal exposed to 600/480 mg D-glucosamine HCl/chondroitin sulfate. These lesions may have been treatment related. These studies suggest that the risk of adverse effects of oral D-glucosamine is small compared to that of hyperglycemia in these animals, but the potential for TGFβ1-mediated pathologies, such as osseous metaplasia and renal nephropathy may be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian E A Leakey
- Office of Scientific Coordination, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America.
| | - A Afshan Ali
- Office of Scientific Coordination, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - Amy R Babb
- Office of Scientific Coordination, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - Heidi L Badgley
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - Kelly J Davis
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - Beth E Juliar
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - Tatiana I Leakey
- Office of Scientific Coordination, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - Sherry M Lewis
- Office of Scientific Coordination, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - Ralph E Patton
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - John E Seng
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
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Zhou Y, Ma XY, Han JY, Yang M, Lv C, Shao Y, Wang YL, Kang JY, Wang QY. Metformin regulates inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease through TNC/TLR4/NF-κB/miR-155-5p inflammatory loop. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:19-46. [PMID: 33520106 PMCID: PMC7807255 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is significantly increasing worldwide, and the incidence of its complications is also on the rise. One of the main complications of T2DM is diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) increase in the early stage. As the disease progresses, UACR continue to rise and GFR begins to decline until end-stage renal disease appears. At the same time, DKD will also increase the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. At present, the pathogenesis of DKD is not very clear. Therefore, exploration of the pathogenesis of DKD to find a treatment approach, so as to delay the development of DKD, is essential to improve the prognosis of DKD.
AIM To detect the expression of tenascin-C (TNC) in the serum of T2DM patients, observe the content of TNC in the glomerulus of DKD rats, and detect the expression of TNC on inflammatory and fibrotic factors in rat mesangial cells (RMCs) cultured under high glucose condition, in order to explore the specific molecular mechanism of TNC in DKD and bring a new direction for the treatment of DKD.
METHODS The expression level of TNC in the serum of diabetic patients was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the protein expression level of TNC in the glomerular area of DKD rats was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression level of TNC in the rat serum was detected by ELISA. Rat glomerular mesangial cells were cultured. Following high glucose stimulation, the expression levels of related proteins and mRNA were detected by Western blot and polymerase chain reaction, respectively.
RESULTS ELISA results revealed an increase in the serum TNC level in patients with T2DM. Increasing UACR and hypertension significantly increased the expression of TNC (P < 0.05). TNC expression was positively correlated with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and UACR (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that TNC expression in the glomeruli of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes was significantly increased compared with normal controls (P < 0.05). Compared with normal rats, serum level of TNC in diabetic rats was significantly increased (P < 0.05), which was positively correlated with urea nitrogen and urinary creatinine (P < 0.05). The levels of TNC, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65 protein (Ser536) (p-NF-κB p65), and miR-155-5p were increased in RMCs treated with high glucose (P < 0.05). The level of TNC protein peaked 24 h after high glucose stimulation (P < 0.05). After TNC knockdown, the levels of TLR4, p-NF-κB p65, miR-155-5p, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and fibronectin (FN) were decreased, revealing that TNC regulated miR-155-5p expression through the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway, thereby regulating inflammation (NF-κB p65) and fibrosis (CTGF and FN) in individuals with DKD. In addition, metformin treatment may relive the processes of inflammation and fibrosis in individuals with DKD by reducing the levels of the TNC, p-NF-κB p65, CTGF, and FN proteins.
CONCLUSION TNC can promote the occurrence and development of DKD. Interfering with the TNC/TLR4/NF-κB p65/miR-155-5p pathway may become a new target for DKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Ma
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin-Yu Han
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chuan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi-Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jia-Yi Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
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Kapucu A. Crocin ameliorates oxidative stress and suppresses renal damage in streptozotocin induced diabetic male rats. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:153-160. [PMID: 32835521 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1808702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder with complications including nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and peripheral vascular disease. Crocin is a water soluble carotenoid that exhibits strong antioxidant activity. I investigated the potential hypoglycemic and reno-protective effects of crocin for type 1 diabetic male rats using periodic acid-Schiff and hematoxylin staining; metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and phospho-Akt (p-Akt) immunohistochemistry; measurement of blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant and total oxidant status; and oxidative stress index. I used four groups of rats: control (saline treated), diabetic (single dose of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin), crocin (treated with 50 mg/kg) and diabetic + crocin. Crocin decreased levels of MDA, SOD, oxidative stress index and glucose significantly in diabetic animals. Renal damage from DM also was decreased by crocin treatment. MMP-7 and p-Akt immunoreactivity were stronger in the diabetic group compared to other groups, but PTEN immunoreactivity was weaker. Crocin treatment returned MMP-7 and PTEN expression to near normal. The ameliorative effect of crocin is attributed to its stimulation of the antioxidant defense system and its ability to regulate the MMP-7/PTEN/Akt signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Kapucu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Zhang JR, Sun HJ. Roles of circular RNAs in diabetic complications: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic potential. Gene 2020; 763:145066. [PMID: 32827686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by changed homeostasis of blood glucose levels, which is associated with various complications, including cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. In recent years, accumulative evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs are identified as a novel type of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) involving in the regulation of various physiological processes and pathologic conditions. Specifically, the emergence of complications response to diabetes is finely controlled by a complex gene regulatory network in which circular RNAs play a critical role. Recently, circular RNAs are emerging as messengers that could influence cellular functions under diabetic conditions. Dysregulation of circular RNAs has been closely linked to the pathophysiology of diabetes-related complications. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current progression and underlying mechanisms of circular RNA in the development of diabetes-related complications. We will also provide an overview of circular RNA-regulated cell communications in different types of cells that have been linked to diabetic complications. We anticipated that the completion of this review will provide potential clues for developing novel circular RNAs-based biomarkers or therapeutic targets for diabetes and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ru Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, PR China
| | - Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Autophagy and mTOR Pathways Mediate the Potential Renoprotective Effects of Vitamin D on Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Nephrol 2020; 2020:7941861. [PMID: 32455017 PMCID: PMC7243019 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7941861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Not only is diabetic nephropathy (DN) the most common cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, but it also increases the risk of mortality up to fourteen times compared to normoalbuminuric diabetic patients. Aim The aim of the current study was the evaluation of the renoprotective effects of vitamin D in DN and the possible interplay between autophagy and mTOR pathways. Materials and Methods Fifty male Wistar albino rats were divided (10/group) into control, DN group, insulin-treated DN group, vitamin D-treated DN group, and combined insulin and vitamin D-treated DN group. Assessments of systolic blood pressure, albuminuria, creatinine clearance, serum glucose, insulin, urea, creatinine, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and rat kidney gene expression of mTOR were performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of autophagy marker LC3 in rat kidneys were also performed. Results DN was associated with significant increases in SBP, urinary albumin, serum glucose, urea, creatinine, inflammatory cytokines, MDA, and mTOR gene expression (P < 0.05). However, there was significant decrease in creatinine clearance, serum insulin, GSH, and H score value of LC3 when compared with control group (P < 0.05). The combination of insulin and vitamin D treatment significantly restored DN changes when compared with the other treated groups, except in oxidative stress markers where there was an insignificant difference between the combination-treated and insulin-treated groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion It has been concluded that vitamin D is a potent adjuvant therapy in treatment of DN via downregulation of mTOR gene expression, stimulation of autophagy, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypotensive effects.
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Amorim RG, Guedes GDS, Vasconcelos SMDL, Santos JCDF. Kidney Disease in Diabetes Mellitus: Cross-Linking between Hyperglycemia, Redox Imbalance and Inflammation. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 112:577-587. [PMID: 31188964 PMCID: PMC6555585 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia is the key point of macro- and microvascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Excess glucose is responsible for inducing redox imbalance and both systemic and intrarenal inflammation, playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, which is currently the leading cause of dialysis in the world. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex, multifactorial and not fully elucidated; many factors and mechanisms are involved in the development, progression and clinical outcomes of the disease. Despite the disparate mechanisms involved in renal damage related to diabetes mellitus, the metabolic mechanisms involving oxidative/inflammatory pathways are widely accepted. The is clear evidence that a chronic hyperglycemic state triggers oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by altered metabolic pathways in a self-perpetuating cycle, promoting progression of cell injury and of end-stage renal disease. The present study presents an update on metabolic pathways that involve redox imbalance and inflammation induced by chronic exposure to hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayne Gomes Amorim
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas - Faculdade de Nutrição, Maceió, AL - Brazil
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28
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Saxena S, Mathur A, Kakkar P. Critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy in diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19223-19236. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sugandh Saxena
- Herbal Research Laboratory CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR‐IITR) Lucknow India
- Biological Sciences Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR‐IITR Campus Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Alpana Mathur
- Herbal Research Laboratory CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR‐IITR) Lucknow India
- Department of Biochemistry Babu Banarasi Das University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Laboratory CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR‐IITR) Lucknow India
- Biological Sciences Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR‐IITR Campus Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
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Manna K, Mishra S, Saha M, Mahapatra S, Saha C, Yenge G, Gaikwad N, Pal R, Oulkar D, Banerjee K, Das Saha K. Amelioration of diabetic nephropathy using pomegranate peel extract-stabilized gold nanoparticles: assessment of NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling system. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1753-1777. [PMID: 30880978 PMCID: PMC6413818 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s176013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN), an end-stage renal disorder, has posed a menace to humankind globally, because of its complex nature and poorly understandable intricate mechanism. In recent times, functional foods as potential health benefits have been gaining attention of consumers and researchers alike. Rich in antioxidants, the peel and seed of pomegranate have previously demonstrated protection against oxidative-stress-related diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Purpose This study was designed to investigate the ameliorative role of pomegranate peel extract–stabilized gold nanoparticle (PPE-AuNP) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN in an experimental murine model. Methods Following the reduction methods, AuNP was prepared using the pomegranate peel ellagitannins and characterized by particle size, physical appearance, and morphological architecture. Modulatory potential of PPE-AuNP was examined through the plethora of biochemical and high throughput techniques, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence. Results The animals treated with PPE-AuNP markedly reduced the fasting blood glucose, renal toxicity indices, and serum TC and TG in a hyperglycemic condition. As evident from an increased level of plasma insulin level, PPE-AuNP normalized the STZ-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The STZ-mediated suppression of endogenous antioxidant response was restored by the PPE-AuNP treatment, which reduced the generation of LPO as well as iROS. Furthermore, the hyperglycemia-mediated augmentation of protein glycation, followed by the NOX4/p-47phox activation, diminished with the application of PPE-AuNP. The histological and immunohistochemical findings showed the protective efficacy of PPE-AuNP in reducing STZ-induced glomerular sclerosis and renal fibrosis. In addition, it reduced proinflammatory burden through the modulation of the MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3/cytokine axis. Simultaneously, PI3K/AKT-guided Nrf2 activation was evident upon the PPE-AuNP application, which enhanced the antioxidant response and maintained hyperglycemic homeostasis. Conclusion The findings indicate that the use of PPE-AuNPs might act as an economic therapeutic remedy for alleviating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Manna
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Moumita Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Supratim Mahapatra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Chirag Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Govind Yenge
- Postharvest Technology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh Gaikwad
- Postharvest Technology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramkrishna Pal
- Postharvest Technology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dasharath Oulkar
- National Referral Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune 412307, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune 412307, Maharashtra, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
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Cui FQ, Wang YF, Gao YB, Meng Y, Cai Z, Shen C, Liu ZQ, Jiang XC, Zhao WJ. Effects of BSF on Podocyte Apoptosis via Regulating the ROS-Mediated PI3K/AKT Pathway in DN. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9512406. [PMID: 31886291 PMCID: PMC6925942 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9512406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway plays a key role in podocyte apoptosis and DN progression. Our previous study demonstrated that Baoshenfang (BSF) can decrease proteinuria and attenuate podocyte injury. However, the effects of BSF on podocyte apoptosis induced by the ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway remain unclear. Herein, in vivo and in vitro studies have been performed. In our in vivo study, BSF significantly decreased 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels in DN mice. Meanwhile, BSF significantly inhibited oxidative stress and podocyte apoptosis in our in vivo and in vitro studies. Moreover, BSF significantly decreased the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway induced by HG in DN. More importantly, the effects of BSF on podocyte apoptosis were reversed by PI3K siRNA transfection. In conclusion, BSF can decrease proteinuria and podocyte apoptosis in DN, in part through regulating the ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-qiang Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yue-Fen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yan-bin Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Youanmenwai, Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, No. 10, Youanmenwai, Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Cun Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Xin-can Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Youanmenwai, Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, No. 10, Youanmenwai, Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wen-jing Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
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Corrigendum to "Redox Signaling in Diabetic Nephropathy: Hypertrophy versus Death Choices in Mesangial Cells and Podocytes". Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8515032. [PMID: 30524199 PMCID: PMC6247431 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8515032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Radulescu D, Peride I, Petcu LC, Niculae A, Checherita IA. Supersonic Shear Wave Ultrasonography for Assessing Tissue Stiffness in Native Kidney. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:2556-2568. [PMID: 30154036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have brought shear wave elastography to the attention of nephrologists as a non-invasive method for detecting kidney fibrosis and, therefore, as a potential tool for reducing the need for kidney biopsy. Few studies are performed on native kidney. We aimed to compare cortical stiffness, assessed by measuring Young's modulus (YM, kPa) with SuperSonic Imaging technology, in patients with various degrees of chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with healthy individuals. Cortical stiffness was measured by two operators, in different sessions, in 32 patients with CKD stages 3-5 and 20 healthy individuals. Comparison between mean YM values in CKD and those in controls and also between the different stages of CKD was our primary objective. The influence of other possible confounders on YM readings was also investigated and analyzed. Mean YM was significantly greater in CKD patients than in controls. Estimated YM was not able to differentiate the stages of CKD, except stage 5. Intra-subject variability was greater in CKD than in controls. Body mass index was the most important confounder in multiple analyses, in both the CKD and control groups. Our results highlight a positive correlation between increased cortical stiffness and presence of CKD. Further studies are needed to validate this method for implementation in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Radulescu
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, "St. John" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania; Clinical Department No. 3, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Peride
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, "St. John" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania; Clinical Department No. 3, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Lucian Cristian Petcu
- Department of Biostatistics and Biophysics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Ovidius" University Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Andrei Niculae
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, "St. John" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania; Clinical Department No. 3, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionel Alexandru Checherita
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, "St. John" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania; Clinical Department No. 3, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
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A causal link between oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular and renal complications of diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1811-1836. [PMID: 30166499 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic renal and vascular oxidative stress in association with an enhanced inflammatory burden are determinant processes in the development and progression of diabetic complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerosis and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Persistent hyperglycaemia in diabetes mellitus increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activates mediators of inflammation as well as suppresses antioxidant defence mechanisms ultimately contributing to oxidative stress which leads to vascular and renal injury in diabetes. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that ROS, inflammation and fibrosis promote each other and are part of a vicious connection leading to development and progression of CVD and kidney disease in diabetes.
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Abou-Hany HO, Atef H, Said E, Elkashef HA, Salem HA. Crocin mediated amelioration of oxidative burden and inflammatory cascade suppresses diabetic nephropathy progression in diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 284:90-100. [PMID: 29409856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is one of the main complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Persistently elevated blood glucose level drives histopathological changes in renal tissues that hinder normal kidney functions. In the current study, crocin; the main bioactive constituent of Crocus sativus was investigated as a reno-protective agent against DN by virtue of its numerous pharmacological activities. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawely rats through intravenous injection of streptozocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg), DN was confirmed eight weeks post diabetes induction. Daily oral crocin for eight weeks (20 mg/kg) significantly reduced blood glucose level with a significant increase in insulin level. Moreover, crocin improved impaired kidney functions as manifested in reduction of serum creatinine levels, blood urea nitrogen and proteinuria with concomitant increase in urinary creatinine clearance. Furthermore, biomarkers of cell injury and tissue necrosis like LDH activity was significantly reduced, kidney content of NOS significantly declined likewise. In addition, renal antioxidants such as SOD, GSH and serum catalase activity significantly increased with concomitant reduction of kidney MDA; biomarker of oxidative load. Kidney content of toll-like receptors 4 and IL-6 significantly declined with simultaneous suppression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB/p65) protein expression and immuno-staining in rat renal cortex. Furthermore, crocin inhibited progression of renal fibrosis as seen with reduction of renal hydroxyproline and collagen content, TGF-β immuno-staining and Masson's Trichrome positive tissue. Histopathologically, crocin pretreatment was associated with minimal renal damage with fewer fibrotic lesions. There was a concomitant restoration of renal tubules integrity with preservation of glomerular space area. In conclusion, crocin's ameliorative impact on DN may be attributed to its free radicals scavenging properties, its ability to enhance host antioxidant defense system and its ability to inhibit inflammatory and fibrotic cascades activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer O Abou-Hany
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Sciences and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Hoda Atef
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Said
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University,Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Hassan A Elkashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University,Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Sciences and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University,Mansoura, Egypt
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Sifuentes-Franco S, Padilla-Tejeda DE, Carrillo-Ibarra S, Miranda-Díaz AG. Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Mitochondrial Function in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:1875870. [PMID: 29808088 PMCID: PMC5902001 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1875870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the second most frequent and prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The increase in the production of oxidative stress (OS) is induced by the persistent hyperglycemic state capable of producing oxidative damage to the macromolecules (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids). OS favors the production of oxidative damage to the histones of the double-chain DNA and affects expression of the DNA repairer enzyme which leads to cell death from apoptosis. The chronic hyperglycemic state unchains an increase in advanced glycation end-products (AGE) that interact through the cellular receptors to favor activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and the protein kinase C (PKC) system, leading to the appearance of inflammation, growth, and augmentation of synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in DN. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications because the production of ROS increases during the persistent hyperglycemia. The primary source of the excessive production of ROS is the mitochondria with the capacity to exceed production of endogenous antioxidants. Due to the fact that the mechanisms involved in the development of DN have not been fully clarified, there are different approaches to specific therapeutic targets or adjuvant management alternatives in the control of glycemia in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sifuentes-Franco
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, University Health Sciences Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Diego Enrique Padilla-Tejeda
- Programa de Químico Farmacéutico Biotecnologo, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Zapopan, Universidad del Valle de México, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Sandra Carrillo-Ibarra
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, University Health Sciences Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, University Health Sciences Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
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Fakhruddin S, Alanazi W, Jackson KE. Diabetes-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species: Mechanism of Their Generation and Role in Renal Injury. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:8379327. [PMID: 28164134 PMCID: PMC5253173 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8379327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes induces the onset and progression of renal injury through causing hemodynamic dysregulation along with abnormal morphological and functional nephron changes. The most important event that precedes renal injury is an increase in permeability of plasma proteins such as albumin through a damaged glomerular filtration barrier resulting in excessive urinary albumin excretion (UAE). Moreover, once enhanced UAE begins, it may advance renal injury from progression of abnormal renal hemodynamics, increased glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness, mesangial expansion, extracellular matrix accumulation, and glomerulosclerosis to eventual end-stage renal damage. Interestingly, all these pathological changes are predominantly driven by diabetes-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abnormal downstream signaling molecules. In diabetic kidney, NADPH oxidase (enzymatic) and mitochondrial electron transport chain (nonenzymatic) are the prominent sources of ROS, which are believed to cause the onset of albuminuria followed by progression to renal damage through podocyte depletion. Chronic hyperglycemia and consequent ROS production can trigger abnormal signaling pathways involving diverse signaling mediators such as transcription factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and vasoactive substances. Persistently, increased expression and activation of these signaling molecules contribute to the irreversible functional and structural changes in the kidney resulting in critically decreased glomerular filtration rate leading to eventual renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Fakhruddin
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe (ULM), Pharmacy Building, 1800 Bienville Dr., Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Wael Alanazi
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe (ULM), Pharmacy Building, 1800 Bienville Dr., Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Keith E. Jackson
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe (ULM), Pharmacy Building, 1800 Bienville Dr., Monroe, LA 71201, USA
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Abstract
Pericytes are a heterogeneous population of cells located in the blood vessel wall. They were first identified in the 19th century by Rouget, however their biological role and potential for drug targeting have taken time to be recognised. Isolation of pericytes from several different tissues has allowed a better phenotypic and functional characterization. These findings revealed a tissue-specific, multi-functional group of cells with multilineage potential. Given this emerging evidence, pericytes have acquired specific roles in pathobiological events in vascular diseases. In this review article, we will provide a compelling overview of the main diseases in which pericytes are involved, from well-established mechanisms to the latest findings. Pericyte involvement in diabetes and cancer will be discussed extensively. In the last part of the article we will review therapeutic approaches for these diseases in light of the recently acquired knowledge. To unravel pericyte-related vascular pathobiological events is pivotal not only for more tailored treatments of disease but also to establish pericytes as a therapeutic tool.
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Cytokines profile and its correlation with endothelial damage and oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and nephropathy. Immunol Res 2016; 64:951-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Miranda-Díaz AG, Pazarín-Villaseñor L, Yanowsky-Escatell FG, Andrade-Sierra J. Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Nephropathy with Early Chronic Kidney Disease. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:7047238. [PMID: 27525285 PMCID: PMC4971321 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7047238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the secondary kidney damage produces diabetic nephropathy (DN). Early nephropathy is defined as the presence of microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/day), including normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or a mildly decreased GFR (60-89 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), with or without overt nephropathy. The earliest change caused by DN is hyperfiltration with proteinuria. The acceptable excretion rate of albumin in urine is <30 mg/day. Albuminuria represents the excretion of >300 mg/day. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by abnormalities in renal function that persist for >3 months with health implications. Alterations in the redox state in DN are caused by the persistent state of hyperglycemia and the increase in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with ability to affect the renin-angiotensin system and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), producing chronic inflammation and glomerular and tubular hypertrophy and favoring the appearance of oxidative stress. In DN imbalance between prooxidant/antioxidant processes exists with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). The overproduction of ROS diminishes expression of the antioxidant enzymes (manganese superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The early detection of CKD secondary to DN and the timely identification of patients would permit decreasing its impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz
- Department of Physiology, University Health Sciences Centre (Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud), University of Guadalajara, 44150 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- *Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz:
| | | | | | - Jorge Andrade-Sierra
- Nephrology Service, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara “Dr. Juan I. Menchaca”, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
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