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Deng Z, Fan T, Xiao C, Tian H, Zheng Y, Li C, He J. TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:61. [PMID: 38514615 PMCID: PMC10958066 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular responses and is particularly critical to embryonic development, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and immune homeostasis in health. The dysfunction of TGF-β can play key roles in many diseases, and numerous targeted therapies have been developed to rectify its pathogenic activity. In the past decades, a large number of studies on TGF-β signaling have been carried out, covering a broad spectrum of topics in health, disease, and therapeutics. Thus, a comprehensive overview of TGF-β signaling is required for a general picture of the studies in this field. In this review, we retrace the research history of TGF-β and introduce the molecular mechanisms regarding its biosynthesis, activation, and signal transduction. We also provide deep insights into the functions of TGF-β signaling in physiological conditions as well as in pathological processes. TGF-β-targeting therapies which have brought fresh hope to the treatment of relevant diseases are highlighted. Through the summary of previous knowledge and recent updates, this review aims to provide a systematic understanding of TGF-β signaling and to attract more attention and interest to this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Binabaj MM, Asgharzadeh F, Rahmani F, Al-Asady AM, Hashemzehi M, Soleimani A, Avan A, Mehraban S, Ghorbani E, Ryzhikov M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Vactosertib potently improves anti-tumor properties of 5-FU for colon cancer. Daru 2023; 31:193-203. [PMID: 37740873 PMCID: PMC10624787 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that the TGF-β signaling pathway plays a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. The aim of the current study is to investigate the therapeutic potential of Vactosertib (EW-7197), a selective inhibitor of TGF-β receptor type I, either alone or in combination with the standard first-line chemotherapeutic treatment, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), in CRC progression in both cellular and animal models. METHODS Real-Time PCR, Zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) tissue staining, and Flow cytometry techniques were applied to determine the anti-tumor properties of this novel TGF-β inhibitor in in vitro (CT-26 cell line) and in vivo (inbred BALB/C mice) samples. RESULTS Our findings showed that Vactosertib decreased cell proliferation and induced spheroid shrinkage. Moreover, this inhibitor suppressed the cell cycle and its administration either alone or in combination with 5-FU induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of p53 and BAX proteins. It also improved 5-FU anti-cancer effects by decreasing the tumor volume and weight, increasing tumor necrosis, and regulating tumor fibrosis and inflammation in an animal model. Vactosertib also enhanced the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on invasive behavior of CRC cells by upregulating the expression of E-cadherin and inhibiting MMP-9 enzymatic activity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrating the potent anti-tumor effects of Vactosertib against CRC progression. Our results clearly suggest that this inhibitor could be a promising agent reducing CRC tumor progression when administered either alone or in combination with standard treatment in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Kashmar School of Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdulridha Mohammed Al-Asady
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Kerbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | | | - Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Mehraban
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Fiorilla I, Martinotti S, Todesco AM, Bonsignore G, Cavaletto M, Patrone M, Ranzato E, Audrito V. Chronic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Plasticity: Three Players Driving the Pro-Tumorigenic Microenvironment in Malignant Mesothelioma. Cells 2023; 12:2048. [PMID: 37626858 PMCID: PMC10453755 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a lethal and rare cancer, even if its incidence has continuously increased all over the world. Asbestos exposure leads to the development of mesothelioma through multiple mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and persistent aberrant signaling. Together, these processes, over the years, force normal mesothelial cells' transformation. Chronic inflammation supported by "frustrated" macrophages exposed to asbestos fibers is also boosted by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, damage-associated molecular proteins (DAMPs), and the generation of ROS. In addition, the hypoxic microenvironment influences MPM and immune cells' features, leading to a significant rewiring of metabolism and phenotypic plasticity, thereby supporting tumor aggressiveness and modulating infiltrating immune cell responses. This review provides an overview of the complex tumor-host interactions within the MPM tumor microenvironment at different levels, i.e., soluble factors, metabolic crosstalk, and oxidative stress, and explains how these players supporting tumor transformation and progression may become potential and novel therapeutic targets in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Fiorilla
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (S.M.); (A.M.T.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation (DAIRI), Public Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Simona Martinotti
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (S.M.); (A.M.T.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation (DAIRI), Public Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alberto Maria Todesco
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (S.M.); (A.M.T.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation (DAIRI), Public Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Gregorio Bonsignore
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (S.M.); (A.M.T.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation (DAIRI), Public Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Maria Cavaletto
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition (DISSTE), University of Eastern Piedmont, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Mauro Patrone
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (S.M.); (A.M.T.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation (DAIRI), Public Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elia Ranzato
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (S.M.); (A.M.T.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation (DAIRI), Public Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valentina Audrito
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (S.M.); (A.M.T.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation (DAIRI), Public Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Chung JYF, Tang PCT, Chan MKK, Xue VW, Huang XR, Ng CSH, Zhang D, Leung KT, Wong CK, Lee TL, Lam EWF, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, To KF, Lan HY, Tang PMK. Smad3 is essential for polarization of tumor-associated neutrophils in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1794. [PMID: 37002229 PMCID: PMC10066366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are dynamic with their phenotype and function shaped by the microenvironment, such as the N1 antitumor and N2 pro-tumor states within the tumor microenvironment (TME), but its regulation remains undefined. Here we examine TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling in tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. Smad3 activation in N2 TANs is negatively correlate with the N1 population and patient survival. In experimental lung carcinoma, TANs switch from a predominant N2 state in wild-type mice to an N1 state in Smad3-KO mice which associate with enhanced neutrophil infiltration and tumor regression. Neutrophil depletion abrogates the N1 anticancer phenotype in Smad3-KO mice, while adoptive transfer of Smad3-KO neutrophils reproduces this protective effect in wild-type mice. Single-cell analysis uncovers a TAN subset showing a mature N1 phenotype in Smad3-KO TME, whereas wild-type TANs mainly retain an immature N2 state due to Smad3. Mechanistically, TME-induced Smad3 target genes related to cell fate determination to preserve the N2 state of TAN. Importantly, genetic deletion and pharmaceutical inhibition of Smad3 enhance the anticancer capacity of neutrophils against NSCLC via promoting their N1 maturation. Thus, our work suggests that Smad3 signaling in neutrophils may represent a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Yat-Fai Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Vivian Weiwen Xue
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Calvin Sze-Hang Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Tin-Lap Lee
- Reproduction, Development and Endocrinology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology and Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Immunoregulatory signal networks and tumor immune evasion mechanisms: insights into therapeutic targets and agents in clinical development. Biochem J 2022; 479:2219-2260. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Through activation of immune cells, the immune system is responsible for identifying and destroying infected or otherwise damaged cells including tumorigenic cells that can be recognized as foreign, thus maintaining homeostasis. However, tumor cells have evolved several mechanisms to avoid immune cell detection and killing, resulting in tumor growth and progression. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor infiltrating immune cells are inactivated by soluble factors or tumor promoting conditions and lose their effects on tumor cells. Analysis of signaling and crosstalk between immune cells and tumor cells have helped us to understand in more detail the mechanisms of tumor immune evasion and this forms basis for drug development strategies in the area of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we will summarize the dominant signaling networks involved in immune escape and describe the status of development of therapeutic strategies to target tumor immune evasion mechanisms with focus on how the tumor microenvironment interacts with T cells.
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Salgueiro DC, Chi BK, Guzei IA, García‐Reynaga P, Weix DJ. Control of Redox-Active Ester Reactivity Enables a General Cross-Electrophile Approach to Access Arylated Strained Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205673. [PMID: 35688769 PMCID: PMC9378488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Strained rings are increasingly important for the design of pharmaceutical candidates, but cross-coupling of strained rings remains challenging. An attractive, but underdeveloped, approach to diverse functionalized carbocyclic and heterocyclic frameworks containing all-carbon quaternary centers is the coupling of abundant strained-ring carboxylic acids with abundant aryl halides. Herein we disclose the development of a nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile approach that couples a variety of strained ring N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters, derived from the carboxylic acid in one step, with various aryl and heteroaryl halides under reductive conditions. The chemistry is enabled by the discovery of methods to control NHP ester reactivity, by tuning the solvent or using modified NHP esters, and the discovery that t-Bu BpyCamCN , an L2X ligand, avoids problematic side reactions. This method can be run in flow and in 96-well plates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin K. Chi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA
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Current Opportunities for Targeting Dysregulated Neurodevelopmental Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162530. [PMID: 36010607 PMCID: PMC9406959 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and highly lethal type of brain tumor, with poor survival despite advances in understanding its complexity. After current standard therapeutic treatment, including tumor resection, radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy with temozolomide, the median overall survival of patients with this type of tumor is less than 15 months. Thus, there is an urgent need for new insights into GBM molecular characteristics and progress in targeted therapy in order to improve clinical outcomes. The literature data revealed that a number of different signaling pathways are dysregulated in GBM. In this review, we intended to summarize and discuss current literature data and therapeutic modalities focused on targeting dysregulated signaling pathways in GBM. A better understanding of opportunities for targeting signaling pathways that influences malignant behavior of GBM cells might open the way for the development of novel GBM-targeted therapies.
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Zhang S, Li S, Wei Y, Xiong Y, Liu Q, Hu Z, Zeng Z, Tang F, Ouyang Y. Identification of Potential Antigens for Developing mRNA Vaccine for Immunologically Cold Mesothelioma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:879278. [PMID: 35846349 PMCID: PMC9284534 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.879278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA vaccines are considered to be a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy, while their application on mesothelioma is still largely uncharacterized. This study aimed to identify potential antigens in mesothelioma for anti-mesothelioma mRNA vaccine development, and further determine the immune subtypes of mesothelioma for selection of suitable candidates from an extremely heterogeneous population. Gene expression data and corresponding clinicopathological information were obtained from the TCGA and gene expression omnibus, respectively. Then, the genetic alterations were compared and visualized using cBioPortal, and differentially expressed genes and their prognostic signatures were identified by GEPIA. The relationship between tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the expression of tumor antigens was systematically evaluated by TIMER online. Finally, the immune subtypes and immune landscape of mesothelioma were separately analyzed using consensus cluster and graph learning-based dimensional reduction. A total of five potential tumor antigens correlated with prognosis and infiltration of antigen-presenting cells, including AUNIP, FANCI, LASP1, PSMD8, and XPO5 were identified. Based on the expression of immune-related genes, patients with mesothelioma were divided into two immune subtypes (IS1 and IS2). Each subtype exhibited differential molecular, cellular and clinical properties. Patients with the IS1 subtype were characterized by an immune “cold” phenotype, displaying superior survival outcomes, whereas those with the IS2 subtype were characterized by an immune “hot” and immunosuppressive phenotype. Furthermore, immune checkpoints and immunogenic cell death modulators were differentially expressed between the IS1 and IS2 immune subtype tumors. The immunogenomic landscape of mesothelioma revealed a complex tumor immune microenvironment between individual patients. AUNIP, FANCI, LASP1, PSMD8, and XPO5 are putative antigens for the development of anti-mesothelioma mRNA vaccine and patients with the IS1 subtype may be considered for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zuquan Hu
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zuquan Hu, ; Zhu Zeng, ; Fuzhou Tang, ; Yan Ouyang,
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zuquan Hu, ; Zhu Zeng, ; Fuzhou Tang, ; Yan Ouyang,
| | - Fuzhou Tang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zuquan Hu, ; Zhu Zeng, ; Fuzhou Tang, ; Yan Ouyang,
| | - Yan Ouyang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zuquan Hu, ; Zhu Zeng, ; Fuzhou Tang, ; Yan Ouyang,
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Salgueiro DC, Chi BK, Guzei IA, García-Reynaga P, Weix DJ. Control of Redox‐Active Ester Reactivity Enables a General Cross‐Electrophile Approach to Access Arylated Strained Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin K. Chi
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Daniel John Weix
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry 1101 University Avenue 53706 Madison UNITED STATES
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Haimour A, Abu-Shawer O, Abu-Shawer M, Al-Taji A, Altamimi T, Mansour R, Amarin JZ, Sultan H, Al-Hussaini M. The clinical potential of circulating immune cell counts in primary gastric lymphoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:365-376. [PMID: 34012632 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is linked to poor overall survival (OS) in gastrointestinal tract cancers. This study explores the clinical value of NLR, in addition to absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and other hematologic parameters in association with distant metastases and OS in primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) patients. Methods Clinical data of 139 PGL patients who received treatment at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman-Jordan were retrospectively evaluated. Using data from complete blood count (CBC) tests, the following hematologic parameters: absolute neutrophil count (ANC), ALC, absolute eosinophil count (AEC), absolute monocyte count (AMC), NLR, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were assessed in association with the following clinical outcomes: presence or absence of baseline distant metastases and OS. We conducted univariate and multivariate analyses assessing the various hematologic parameters in association with distant metastases. Results Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that patients with an elevated NLR (>3.14) displayed more baseline distant metastases compared to patients with a low NLR (≤3.14), (P value: 0.02 and 0.018, respectively). High baseline ALC (>1,819/µL) was associated with lower baseline distant metastases (P value: 0.04). In the OS analysis, high baseline ANC (>5,100/µL), NLR (>2.75), and PLR (>0.16) were associated with poor OS, (P value: 0.027, 0.016, and 0.011 respectively). Conclusions High NLR and ALC were associated with baseline distant metastases. High baseline ANC, NLR, and PLR were associated with poor OS. Hematologic parameters might be potentially helpful in assessing and correlating NLR with the response success to treatment in PGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Haimour
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | | | | | - Ali Al-Taji
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tamer Altamimi
- Internal Medicine Department, Rochester General Hospital, NY, USA
| | - Razan Mansour
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Justin Z Amarin
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala Sultan
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maysa Al-Hussaini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
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Wang J, Xiang H, Lu Y, Wu T. Role and clinical significance of TGF‑β1 and TGF‑βR1 in malignant tumors (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:55. [PMID: 33604683 PMCID: PMC7895515 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance and growth of malignant tumors is a complicated process that is regulated by a number of genes. In recent years, studies have revealed that the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway serves an important role in cell cycle regulation, growth and development, differentiation, extracellular matrix synthesis and immune response. Notably, two members of the TGF-β signaling pathway, TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptor 1 (TGF-βR1), are highly expressed in a variety of tumors, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that TGF-β1 and TGF-βR1 promote proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells by activating other signaling pathways, signaling molecules or microRNAs (miRs), such as the NF-κB signaling pathway and miR-133b. In addition, some inhibitors targeting TGF-β1 and TGF-βR1 have exhibited positive effects in in vitro experiments. The present review discusses the association between TGF-β1 or TGF-βR1 and tumors, and the development of some inhibitors, hoping to provide more approaches to help identify novel tumor markers to restrain and cure tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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12
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Teixeira AF, Ten Dijke P, Zhu HJ. On-Target Anti-TGF-β Therapies Are Not Succeeding in Clinical Cancer Treatments: What Are Remaining Challenges? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:605. [PMID: 32733895 PMCID: PMC7360684 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death for cancer patients. During cancer progression, the initial detachment of cells from the primary tumor and the later colonization of a secondary organ are characterized as limiting steps for metastasis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are opposite dynamic multistep processes that enable these critical events in metastasis by altering the phenotype of cancer cells and improving their ability to migrate, invade and seed at distant organs. Among the molecular pathways that promote tumorigenesis in late-stage cancers, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is described as an EMT master inducer by controlling different genes and proteins related to cytoskeleton assembly, cell-cell attachment and extracellular matrix remodeling. Still, despite the successful outcomes of different TGF-β pharmacological inhibitors in cell culture (in vitro) and animal models (in vivo), results in cancer clinical trials are poor or inconsistent at least, highlighting the existence of crucial components in human cancers that have not been properly explored. Here we review most recent findings to provide perspectives bridging the gap between on-target anti-TGF-β therapies in vitro and in pre-clinical models and the poor clinical outcomes in treating cancer patients. Specifically, we focus on (i) the dual roles of TGF-β signaling in cancer metastasis; (ii) dynamic signaling; (iii) functional differences of TGF-β free in solution vs. in exosomes; (iv) the regulatory effects of tumor microenvironment (TME) – particularly by cancer-associated fibroblasts – on TGF-β signaling pathway. Clearly identifying and establishing those missing links may provide strategies to revitalize and clinically improve the efficacy of TGF-β targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Fonseca Teixeira
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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13
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Teixeira AF, Ten Dijke P, Zhu HJ. On-Target Anti-TGF-β Therapies Are Not Succeeding in Clinical Cancer Treatments: What Are Remaining Challenges? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020. [PMID: 32733895 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00605.pmid:32733895;pmcid:pmc7360684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death for cancer patients. During cancer progression, the initial detachment of cells from the primary tumor and the later colonization of a secondary organ are characterized as limiting steps for metastasis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are opposite dynamic multistep processes that enable these critical events in metastasis by altering the phenotype of cancer cells and improving their ability to migrate, invade and seed at distant organs. Among the molecular pathways that promote tumorigenesis in late-stage cancers, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is described as an EMT master inducer by controlling different genes and proteins related to cytoskeleton assembly, cell-cell attachment and extracellular matrix remodeling. Still, despite the successful outcomes of different TGF-β pharmacological inhibitors in cell culture (in vitro) and animal models (in vivo), results in cancer clinical trials are poor or inconsistent at least, highlighting the existence of crucial components in human cancers that have not been properly explored. Here we review most recent findings to provide perspectives bridging the gap between on-target anti-TGF-β therapies in vitro and in pre-clinical models and the poor clinical outcomes in treating cancer patients. Specifically, we focus on (i) the dual roles of TGF-β signaling in cancer metastasis; (ii) dynamic signaling; (iii) functional differences of TGF-β free in solution vs. in exosomes; (iv) the regulatory effects of tumor microenvironment (TME) - particularly by cancer-associated fibroblasts - on TGF-β signaling pathway. Clearly identifying and establishing those missing links may provide strategies to revitalize and clinically improve the efficacy of TGF-β targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Fonseca Teixeira
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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14
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Urso L, Cavallari I, Sharova E, Ciccarese F, Pasello G, Ciminale V. Metabolic rewiring and redox alterations in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:52-61. [PMID: 31819191 PMCID: PMC6964675 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy of mesothelial cells with increasing incidence, and in many cases, dismal prognosis due to its aggressiveness and lack of effective therapies. Environmental and occupational exposure to asbestos is considered the main aetiological factor for MPM. Inhaled asbestos fibres accumulate in the lungs and induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the presence of iron associated with the fibrous silicates and to the activation of macrophages and inflammation. Chronic inflammation and a ROS-enriched microenvironment can foster the malignant transformation of mesothelial cells. In addition, MPM cells have a highly glycolytic metabolic profile and are positive in 18F-FDG PET analysis. Loss-of-function mutations of BRCA-associated protein 1 (BAP1) are a major contributor to the metabolic rewiring of MPM cells. A subset of MPM tumours show loss of the methyladenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) locus, resulting in profound alterations in polyamine metabolism, ATP and methionine salvage pathways, as well as changes in epigenetic control of gene expression. This review provides an overview of the perturbations in metabolism and ROS homoeostasis of MPM cells and the role of these alterations in malignant transformation and tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Urso
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
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15
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Stockhammer P, Ploenes T, Theegarten D, Schuler M, Maier S, Aigner C, Hegedus B. Detection of TGF-β in pleural effusions for diagnosis and prognostic stratification of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2019; 139:124-132. [PMID: 31778960 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy with dismal prognosis but variable course of disease. To support diagnosis and to risk stratify patients, more reliable biomarkers are warranted. Emerging evidence underlines a functional role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in MPM tumorigenesis though its utility as a clinical biomarker remains unexplored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Corresponding pleural effusions and serum samples taken at primary diagnosis were analyzed for TGF-β by ELISA, and for mesothelin (SMRP) by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. Tumor load was quantified in MPM patients by volumetric analysis of chest CT scans. All findings were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS In total 48 MPM patients, 24 patients with non-malignant pleural disease (NMPD) and 30 patients with stage IV lung cancer were enrolled in this study. Pleural effusions from MPM patients had significantly higher TGF-β levels than from NMPD or lung cancer patients (p < 0.0001; AUC for MPM vs NMPD: 0.78, p = 0.0001). Both epithelioid and non-epithelioid MPM were associated with higher TGF-β levels (epithelioid: p < 0.05; non-epithelioid: p < 0.0001) and levels of TGF-β correlated with disease stage (p = 0.003) and with tumor volume (p = 0.002). Interestingly, high TGF-β levels in pleural effusion, but not in serum, was significantly associated with inferior overall survival (TGF-beta ≥14.36 ng/mL: HR 3.45, p = 0.0001). This correlation was confirmed by multivariate analysis. In contrast, effusion SMRP levels were exclusively high in epithelioid MPM, negatively correlated with effusion TGF-β levels and did not provide prognostic information. CONCLUSION TGF-β levels determined in pleural effusion may be a promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognostic stratification of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Stockhammer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Tueschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Till Ploenes
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Tueschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Theegarten
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Maier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Tueschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Tueschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany.
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16
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Polanczyk MJ, Walker E, Haley D, Guerrouahen BS, Akporiaye ET. Blockade of TGF-β signaling to enhance the antitumor response is accompanied by dysregulation of the functional activity of CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 + and CD4 +CD25 -Foxp3 + T cells. J Transl Med 2019; 17:219. [PMID: 31288845 PMCID: PMC6617864 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pleiotropic cytokine, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in actively suppressing antitumor immune responses. Evidence shows that TGF-β produced by tumor cells promotes tolerance via expansion of Tregs. Our group previously demonstrated that blockade of TGF-β signaling with a small molecule TGF-β receptor I antagonist (SM16) inhibited primary and metastatic tumor growth in a T cell dependent fashion. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of SM16 on Treg generation and function. Methods Using BALB/c, FoxP3eGFP and Rag−/− mice, we performed FACS analysis to determine if SM16 blocked de novo TGF-β-induced Treg generation in vitro and in vivo. CD4+ T cells from lymph node and spleen were isolated from control mice or mice maintained on SM16 diet, and flow cytometry analysis was used to detect the frequency of CD4+CD25−FoxP3+ and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells. In vitro suppression assays were used to determine the ability to suppress naive T cell proliferation in vitro of both CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and CD4+CD25−FoxP3+ T cell sub-populations. We then examined whether SM16 diet exerted an inhibitory effect on primary tumor growth and correlated with changes in FoxP3+expression. ELISA analysis was used to measure IFN-γ levels after 72 h co-culture of CD4+CD25+ T cells from tumor-bearing mice on control or SM16 diet with CD4+CD25− T cells from naive donors. Results SM16 abrogates TGF-β-induced Treg generation in vitro but does not prevent global homeostatic expansion of CD4+ T cell sub-populations in vivo. Instead, SM16 treatment causes expansion of a population of CD4+CD25−Foxp3+ Treg-like cells without significantly altering the overall frequency of Treg in lymphoreplete naive and tumor-bearing mice. Importantly, both the CD4+CD25−Foxp3+ T cells and the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in mice receiving SM16 diet exhibited diminished ability to suppress naive T cell proliferation in vitro compared to Treg from mice on control diet. Conclusions These findings suggest that blockade of TGF-β signaling is a potentially useful strategy for blunting Treg function to enhance the anti-tumor response. Our data further suggest that the overall dampening of Treg function may involve the expansion of a quiescent Treg precursor population, which is CD4+CD25−Foxp3+.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwin Walker
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR, USA.,Veana Therapeutics, Inc., Portland, OR, USA
| | - Daniel Haley
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Emmanuel T Akporiaye
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR, USA. .,Veana Therapeutics, Inc., Portland, OR, USA.
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17
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Vermaelen K. Vaccine Strategies to Improve Anti-cancer Cellular Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:8. [PMID: 30723469 PMCID: PMC6349827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
More than many other fields in medicine, cancer vaccine development has been plagued by a wide gap between the massive amounts of highly encouraging preclinical data on one hand, and the disappointing clinical results on the other. It is clear now that traditional approaches from the infectious diseases' vaccine field cannot be borrowed as such to treat cancer. This review highlights some of the strategies developed to improve vaccine formulations for oncology, including research into more powerful or “smarter” adjuvants to elicit anti-tumoral cellular immune responses. As an illustration of the difficulties in translating smart preclinical strategies into real benefit for the cancer patient, the difficult road of vaccine development in lung cancer is given as example. Finally, an outline is provided of the combinatorial strategies that leverage the increasing knowledge on tumor-associated immune suppressive networks. Indeed, combining with drugs that target the dominant immunosuppressive pathway in a given tumor promises to unlock the true power of cancer vaccines and potentially offer long-term protection from disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Vermaelen
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Immuno-Oncology Network Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Tranchant R, Quetel L, Montagne F, De Wolf J, Meiller C, De Koning L, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Zucman-Rossi J, Jaurand MC, Jean D. Assessment of signaling pathway inhibitors and identification of predictive biomarkers in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2018; 126:15-24. [PMID: 30527180 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with limited therapeutic options, requiring the development of efficient targeted therapies based on molecular phenotype of the tumor and to identify predictive biomarkers of the response. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of inhibitors was investigated by cell viability assessment on primary MPM cell lines established in our laboratory from patient tumors, well characterized at the molecular level. Effects on apoptosis, cell proliferation and viability on MPM growing in multicellular spheroid were also assessed for verteporfin. Gene and protein expression, and gene knockdown by RNA interference were used to define mechanism of inhibition and specific predictive biomarkers. RESULTS Anti-tumor effect of eight major signaling pathways inhibitors involved in mesothelial carcinogenesis was investigated. Three inhibitors were more efficient than cisplatin, the drug used as first-line chemotherapy in patients with MPM: verteporfin, a putative YAP inhibitor, defactinib, a FAK inhibitor and NSC668394, an Ezrin inhibitor. Verteporfin, the most efficient inhibitor, induced cell proliferation arrest and cell death, and is effective on 3D spheroid multicellular model. Verteporfin sensitivity was YAP-independent and related to molecular classification of the tumors. Biomarkers based on gene expression were identified to predict accurately sensitivity to these three inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our study shows that drug screening on well-characterized MPM cells allows for the identification of novel potential therapeutic strategies and defining specific biomarkers predictive of the drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Tranchant
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Lisa Quetel
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France
| | - François Montagne
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France; Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Calmette - CHRU de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France; Université Droit et Santé Lille 2, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Julien De Wolf
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Clement Meiller
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Leanne De Koning
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, F -75005, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Le Pimpec-Barthes
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France; Département de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Jaurand
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Didier Jean
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France.
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19
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Michaeli J, Shaul ME, Mishalian I, Hovav AH, Levy L, Zolotriov L, Granot Z, Fridlender ZG. Tumor-associated neutrophils induce apoptosis of non-activated CD8 T-cells in a TNFα and NO-dependent mechanism, promoting a tumor-supportive environment. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1356965. [PMID: 29147615 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1356965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of neutrophils in tumor progression has become in recent years a subject of growing interest. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), which constitute an important portion of the tumor microenvironment, promote immunosuppression in advanced tumors by modulating the proliferation, activation and recruitment of a variety of immune cell types. Studies which investigated the consequences of manipulating TAN polarization suggest that the impact of these neutrophils on tumor progression is considerably mediated by and dependent on the presence of CD8 T-cells. It has been previously shown that granulocytic myeloid regulatory cells, i.e. TANs and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) are capable of suppressing CD8 T-cell proliferation and affect their activation. In the current study, we find that in addition, TANs isolated from different models of murine cancer promote immunosuppression by strongly inducing CD8 T-cell apoptosis. We demonstrate that the TNFα pathway in TANs is critical for the induction of apoptosis, and that the mechanism through which apoptosis is induced involves the production of NO, but not ROS. In the absence of pre-activation, TANs are capable of activating CD8 T-cells, but specifically induce the apoptosis of non-activated CD8+CD69- cells. Despite this contradictive effect on T-cell function, we show in vivo that TANs suppress the anti-tumor effect of CD8 T-cells and abolish their ability to delay tumor growth. Our results add another important layer on the understanding of the possible mechanisms by which TANs regulate the anti-tumor immune response mediated by CD8 T-cells, therefore promoting a tumor-supportive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Michaeli
- Institute Of Pulmonary Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Merav E Shaul
- Institute Of Pulmonary Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Inbal Mishalian
- Institute Of Pulmonary Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi-Hai Hovav
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liran Levy
- Institute Of Pulmonary Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lidia Zolotriov
- Institute Of Pulmonary Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi G Fridlender
- Institute Of Pulmonary Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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20
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Franquinho F, Nogueira-Rodrigues J, Duarte JM, Esteves SS, Carter-Su C, Monaco AP, Molnár Z, Velayos-Baeza A, Brites P, Sousa MM. The Dyslexia-susceptibility Protein KIAA0319 Inhibits Axon Growth Through Smad2 Signaling. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:1732-1747. [PMID: 28334068 PMCID: PMC5905272 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
KIAA0319 is a transmembrane protein associated with dyslexia with a presumed role in neuronal migration. Here we show that KIAA0319 expression is not restricted to the brain but also occurs in sensory and spinal cord neurons, increasing from early postnatal stages to adulthood and being downregulated by injury. This suggested that KIAA0319 participates in functions unrelated to neuronal migration. Supporting this hypothesis, overexpression of KIAA0319 repressed axon growth in hippocampal and dorsal root ganglia neurons; the intracellular domain of KIAA0319 was sufficient to elicit this effect. A similar inhibitory effect was observed in vivo as axon regeneration was impaired after transduction of sensory neurons with KIAA0319. Conversely, the deletion of Kiaa0319 in neurons increased neurite outgrowth in vitro and improved axon regeneration in vivo. At the mechanistic level, KIAA0319 engaged the JAK2-SH2B1 pathway to activate Smad2, which played a central role in KIAA0319-mediated repression of axon growth. In summary, we establish KIAA0319 as a novel player in axon growth and regeneration with the ability to repress the intrinsic growth potential of axons. This study describes a novel regulatory mechanism operating during peripheral nervous system and central nervous system axon growth, and offers novel targets for the development of effective therapies to promote axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Franquinho
- Nerve Regeneration group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular – IBMC and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar – ICBAS, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Nogueira-Rodrigues
- Nerve Regeneration group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular – IBMC and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana M. Duarte
- Nerve Regeneration group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular – IBMC and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia S. Esteves
- Nerve Regeneration group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular – IBMC and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Christin Carter-Su
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-22, USA
| | - Anthony P. Monaco
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Office of the President, Ballou Hall, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | | | - Pedro Brites
- Nerve Regeneration group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular – IBMC and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica M. Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular – IBMC and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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21
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Dagher Z, Gerhardinger C, Vaz J, Goodridge M, Tecilazich F, Lorenzi M. The Increased Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Induced by Diabetes Protects Retinal Vessels. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:627-638. [PMID: 28162229 PMCID: PMC5397667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The roles of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in extracellular matrix production and vascular remodeling, coupled with increased TGF-β expression and signaling in diabetes, suggest TGF-β as an important contributor to the microangiopathy of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. To investigate whether increased TGF-β signaling could be a therapeutic target for preventing retinopathy, we used a pharmacologic approach (SM16, a selective inhibitor of the type 1 TGF-β receptor activin receptor-like kinase 5, orally active) to inhibit the increased, but not the basal, Tgf-β signaling in retinal vessels of diabetic rats. At the level of vascular gene expression, 3.5 months' diabetes induced minimal changes. Diabetes + SM16 for 3 weeks caused widespread changes in gene expression poised to enhance vascular inflammation, thrombosis, leakage, and wall instability; these changes were not observed in control rats given SM16. The synergy of diabetes and SM16 in altering gene expression was not observed in the lung. At the level of vascular network morphology, 7 months' diabetes induced no detectable changes. Diabetes + SM16 for 3 weeks caused instead distorted morphology and decreased density. Thus, in diabetes, retinal vessels become dependent on a small increase in TGF-β signaling via activin receptor-like kinase 5 to maintain early integrity. The increased TGF-β signaling may protect against rapid retinopathy progression and should not be a target of inhibitory interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Dagher
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chiara Gerhardinger
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Vaz
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Goodridge
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francesco Tecilazich
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mara Lorenzi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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22
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Shaul ME, Levy L, Sun J, Mishalian I, Singhal S, Kapoor V, Horng W, Fridlender G, Albelda SM, Fridlender ZG. Tumor-associated neutrophils display a distinct N1 profile following TGFβ modulation: A transcriptomics analysis of pro- vs. antitumor TANs. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1232221. [PMID: 27999744 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1232221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) play an important role in cancer biology, through direct impact on tumor growth and by recruitment of other cells types into the tumor. The function of neutrophils in cancer has been the subject of seemingly contradicting reports, pointing toward a dual role played by TANs in tumor progression. The existence of multiple neutrophil subsets, as well as phenotypic modulation of the neutrophils by various factors in the tumor microenvironment, has been shown. TGFβ plays a significant role in the determination of neutrophils' phenotype, by shifting the balance from an antitumor (N1) toward a more permissive (N2) phenotype. The full range of mechanisms responsible for the pro- vs. antitumor effects of TANs has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the ability to identify the different neutrophil subpopulations in the tumor is critical in order to understand TANs evolution and contribution throughout tumor progression. Using a transcriptomic approach, we identified alternations in gene expression profile following TGFβ inhibition. We show that N1 and N2 TANs represent distinct subpopulations with different transcriptional signatures and both differ from naive bone marrow neutrophils. The analysis highlights a clear difference in pathways involved in neutrophil function such as cytoskeletal organization and antigen presentation, as well as alterations in chemokine profile, eventually affecting their effect on tumor cells and tumor growth. These data highlights several potential new pathways and mechanisms by which neutrophils can influence both the tumor cells and the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav E Shaul
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liran Levy
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jing Sun
- Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Inbal Mishalian
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Veena Kapoor
- Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gil Fridlender
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zvi G Fridlender
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Macrophage depletion reduces postsurgical tumor recurrence and metastatic growth in a spontaneous murine model of melanoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22857-68. [PMID: 25762633 PMCID: PMC4673204 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection of tumors is often followed by regrowth at the primary site and metastases may emerge rapidly following removal of the primary tumor. Macrophages are important drivers of tumor growth, and here we investigated their involvement in postoperative relapse as well as explore macrophage depletion as an adjuvant to surgical resection. RETAAD mice develop spontaneous metastatic melanoma that begins in the eye. Removal of the eyes as early as 1 week of age did not prevent the development of metastases; rather, surgery led to increased proliferation of tumor cells locally and in distant metastases. Surgery-induced increase in tumor cell proliferation correlated with increased macrophage density within the tumor. Moreover, macrophages stimulate tumor sphere formation from tumor cells of post-surgical but not control mice. Macrophage depletion with a diet containing the CSF-1R specific kinase inhibitor Ki20227 following surgery significantly reduced postoperative tumor recurrence and abrogated enhanced metastatic outgrowth. Our results confirm that tumor cells disseminate early, and show that macrophages contribute both to post-surgical tumor relapse and growth of metastases, likely through stimulating a population of tumor-initiating cells. Thus macrophage depletion warrants exploration as an adjuvant to surgical resection.
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members signal via heterotetrameric complexes of type I and type II dual specificity kinase receptors. The activation and stability of the receptors are controlled by posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and neddylation, as well as by interaction with other proteins at the cell surface and in the cytoplasm. Activation of TGF-β receptors induces signaling via formation of Smad complexes that are translocated to the nucleus where they act as transcription factors, as well as via non-Smad pathways, including the Erk1/2, JNK and p38 MAP kinase pathways, and the Src tyrosine kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, and Rho GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Ai J, Nie J, He J, Guo Q, Li M, Lei Y, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Zhu F, Liang M, Cheng Y, Hou FF. GQ5 Hinders Renal Fibrosis in Obstructive Nephropathy by Selectively Inhibiting TGF-β-Induced Smad3 Phosphorylation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:1827-38. [PMID: 25392233 PMCID: PMC4520163 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014040363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1, via Smad-dependent or Smad-independent signaling, has a central role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. This pathway has been recognized as a potential target for antifibrotic therapy. Here, we identified GQ5, a small molecular phenolic compound isolated from the dried resin of Toxicodendron vernicifluum, as a potent and selective inhibitor of TGF-β1-induced Smad3 phosphorylation. In TGF-β1-stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells and interstitial fibroblast cells, GQ5 inhibited the interaction of Smad3 with TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) by blocking binding of Smad3 to SARA, suppressed subsequent phosphorylation of Smad3, reduced nuclear translocation of Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4, and downregulated the transcription of major fibrotic genes such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and fibronectin. Notably, intraperitoneal administration of GQ5 in rats immediately after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) selectively inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation in UUO kidneys, suppressed renal expression of α-SMA, collagen I, and fibronectin, and resulted in impressive renal protection after obstructive injury. Late administration of GQ5 also effectively attenuated fibrotic lesions in obstructive nephropathy. In conclusion, our results suggest that GQ5 hinders renal fibrosis in rats by selective inhibition of TGF-β1-induced Smad3 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, and Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, and Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Jiangbo He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, and Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, and Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Ying Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, and Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, and Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Zhanmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, and Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Fengxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, and Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, and Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Yongxian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, and Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
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26
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Tissue invasion and metastasis: Molecular, biological and clinical perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S244-S275. [PMID: 25865774 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a key health issue across the world, causing substantial patient morbidity and mortality. Patient prognosis is tightly linked with metastatic dissemination of the disease to distant sites, with metastatic diseases accounting for a vast percentage of cancer patient mortality. While advances in this area have been made, the process of cancer metastasis and the factors governing cancer spread and establishment at secondary locations is still poorly understood. The current article summarizes recent progress in this area of research, both in the understanding of the underlying biological processes and in the therapeutic strategies for the management of metastasis. This review lists the disruption of E-cadherin and tight junctions, key signaling pathways, including urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (PI3K/AKT), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), β-catenin/zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB-1) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), together with inactivation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity as key targets and the use of phytochemicals, or natural products, such as those from Agaricus blazei, Albatrellus confluens, Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma lucidum, Poria cocos and Silybum marianum, together with diet derived fatty acids gamma linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and inhibitory compounds as useful approaches to target tissue invasion and metastasis as well as other hallmark areas of cancer. Together, these strategies could represent new, inexpensive, low toxicity strategies to aid in the management of cancer metastasis as well as having holistic effects against other cancer hallmarks.
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27
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Triplett TA, Tucker CG, Triplett KC, Alderman Z, Sun L, Ling LE, Akporiaye ET, Weinberg AD. STAT3 Signaling Is Required for Optimal Regression of Large Established Tumors in Mice Treated with Anti-OX40 and TGFβ Receptor Blockade. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:526-35. [PMID: 25627655 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In preclinical tumor models, αOX40 therapy is often successful at treating small tumors, but is less effective once the tumors become large. For a tumor immunotherapy to be successful to cure large tumors, it will most likely require not only an agonist to boost effector T-cell function but also inhibitors of T-cell suppression. In this study, we show that combining αOX40 antibodies with an inhibitor of the TGFβ receptor (SM16) synergizes to elicit complete regression of large established MCA205 and CT26 tumors. Evaluation of tumor-infiltrating T cells showed that SM16/αOX40 dual therapy resulted in an increase in proliferating granzyme B(+) CD8 T cells, which produced higher levels of IFNγ, compared with treatment with either agent alone. We also found that the dual treatment increased pSTAT3 expression in both CD4 and CD8 T cells isolated from tumors. Because others have published that STAT3 signaling is detrimental to T-cell function within the tumor microenvironment, we explored whether deletion of STAT3 in OX40-expressing cells would affect this potent combination therapy. Surprisingly, we found that deletion of STAT3 in OX40-expressing cells decreased the efficacy of this combination therapy, showing that the full therapeutic potential of this treatment depends on STAT3 signaling, most likely in the T cells of tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Triplett
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christopher G Tucker
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kendra C Triplett
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Zefora Alderman
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lihong Sun
- Oncology Cell Signaling, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Leona E Ling
- Oncology Cell Signaling, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emmanuel T Akporiaye
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Andrew D Weinberg
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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28
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MAEDA MEGUMI, CHEN YING, HAYASHI HIROAKI, KUMAGAI-TAKEI NAOKO, MATSUZAKI HIDENORI, LEE SUNI, NISHIMURA YASUMITSU, OTSUKI TAKEMI. Chronic exposure to asbestos enhances TGF-β1 production in the human adult T cell leukemia virus-immortalized T cell line MT-2. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2522-32. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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29
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Engebretsen KVT, Skårdal K, Bjørnstad S, Marstein HS, Skrbic B, Sjaastad I, Christensen G, Bjørnstad JL, Tønnessen T. Attenuated development of cardiac fibrosis in left ventricular pressure overload by SM16, an orally active inhibitor of ALK5. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 76:148-57. [PMID: 25169971 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pressure overload-induced TGF-β signaling activates cardiac fibroblasts (CFB) and leads to increased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis including fibrosis. Excessive ECM accumulation may in turn affect cardiac function contributing to development of heart failure. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of SM16, an orally active small molecular inhibitor of ALK5, on pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis. One week after aortic banding (AB), C57Bl/6J mice were randomized to standard chow or chow with SM16. Sham operated animals served as controls. Following 4 weeks AB, mice were characterized by echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance before sacrifice. SM16 abolished phosphorylation of SMAD2 induced by AB in vivo and by TGF-β in CFB in vitro. Interestingly, Masson Trichrome and Picrosirius Red stained myocardial left ventricular tissue revealed reduced development of fibrosis and collagen cross-linking following AB in the SM16 treated group, which was confirmed by reduced hydroxyproline incorporation. Furthermore, treatment with SM16 attenuated mRNA expression following induction of AB in vivo and stimulation with TGF-β in CFB in vitro of Col1a2, the cross-linking enzyme LOX, and the pro-fibrotic glycoproteins SPARC and osteopontin. Reduced ECM synthesis by CFB and a reduction in myocardial stiffness due to attenuated development of fibrosis and collagen cross-linking might have contributed to the improved diastolic function and cardiac output seen in vivo, in combination with reduced lung weight and ANP expression by treatment with SM16. Despite these beneficial effects on cardiac function and development of heart failure, mice treated with SM16 exhibited increased mortality, increased LV dilatation and inflammatory heart valve lesions that may limit the use of SM16 and possibly also other small molecular inhibitors of ALK5, as future therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin V T Engebretsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Skårdal
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid Bjørnstad
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henriette S Marstein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes L Bjørnstad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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30
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Westbom CM, Shukla A, MacPherson MB, Yasewicz EC, Miller JM, Beuschel SL, Steele C, Pass HI, Vacek PM, Shukla A. CREB-induced inflammation is important for malignant mesothelioma growth. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2816-27. [PMID: 25111229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor with no treatment regimen. Previously we have demonstrated that cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) is constitutively activated in MM tumor cells and tissues and plays an important role in MM pathogenesis. To understand the role of CREB in MM tumor growth, we generated CREB-inhibited MM cell lines and performed in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CREB inhibition results in significant attenuation of proliferation and drug resistance of MM cells. CREB-silenced MM cells were then injected into severe combined immunodeficiency mice, and tumor growth in s.c. and i.p. models of MM was followed. We observed significant inhibition in MM tumor growth in both s.c. and i.p. models and the presence of a chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin, further inhibited MM tumor growth in the i.p. model. Peritoneal lavage fluids from CREB-inhibited tumor-bearing mice showed a significantly reduced total cell number, differential cell counts, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor). In vitro studies showed that asbestos-induced inflammasome/inflammation activation in mesothelial cells was CREB dependent, further supporting the role of CREB in inflammation-induced MM pathogenesis. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the involvement of CREB in the regulation of MM pathogenesis by regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Westbom
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Anurag Shukla
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Elizabeth C Yasewicz
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jill M Miller
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Stacie L Beuschel
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Pamela M Vacek
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
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31
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Young KH, Newell P, Cottam B, Friedman D, Savage T, Baird JR, Akporiaye E, Gough MJ, Crittenden M. TGFβ inhibition prior to hypofractionated radiation enhances efficacy in preclinical models. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:1011-22. [PMID: 25047233 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune infiltrate in colorectal cancer has been correlated with outcome, such that individuals with higher infiltrations of T cells have increased survival independent of the disease stage. For patients with lower immune infiltrates, overall survival is limited. Because the patients with colorectal cancer studied have received conventional cancer therapies, these data may indicate that the pretreatment tumor environment increases the efficacy of treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that an improved immune environment in the tumor at the time of treatment will increase the efficacy of radiotherapy. We demonstrate that inhibition of TGFβ using the orally available small-molecule inhibitor SM16 improved the immune environment of tumors in mice and significantly improved the efficacy of subsequent radiotherapy. This effect was not due to changes in radiosensitivity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, or changes in vascular function in the tumor; rather, this effect was dependent on adaptive immunity and resulted in long-term protective immunity in cured mice. These data demonstrate that immunotherapy is an option to improve the immune status of patients with poor tumor infiltrates and that pretreatment improves the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity/drug effects
- Adaptive Immunity/immunology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Azabicyclo Compounds/therapeutic use
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods
- Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Female
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Radiation Tolerance/drug effects
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina H Young
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Pippa Newell
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon. The Oregon Clinic, Portland, Oregon
| | - Benjamin Cottam
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - David Friedman
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Talicia Savage
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jason R Baird
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Emmanuel Akporiaye
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Marka Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon. The Oregon Clinic, Portland, Oregon.
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32
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Akbari A, Amanpour S, Muhammadnejad S, Ghahremani MH, Ghaffari SH, Dehpour AR, Mobini GR, Shidfar F, Abastabar M, Khoshzaban A, Faghihloo E, Karimi A, Heidari M. Evaluation of antitumor activity of a TGF-beta receptor I inhibitor (SD-208) on human colon adenocarcinoma. Daru 2014; 22:47. [PMID: 24902843 PMCID: PMC4077684 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-22-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway is involved in primary tumor progression and in promoting metastasis in a considerable proportion of human cancers such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, blockage of TGF-β pathway signaling via an inhibitor could be a valuable tool in CRC treatment. METHODS To evaluate the efficacy of systemic targeting of the TGF-β pathway for therapeutic effects on CRC, we investigated the effects of a TGβRI (TGF-β receptor 1) or TβRI kinase inhibitor, SD-208, on SW-48, colon adenocarcinoma cells. In this work, in vitro cell proliferation was studied by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assays. Also, the histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations were conducted by hematoxylin and eosin, and Ki-67 and CD34 markers were stained, respectively. RESULTS Our results showed no significant reduction in cell proliferation and vessel formation (170 ± 70 and 165 ± 70, P > 0.05) in treated SW-48 cells with SD-208 compared to controls. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that SD-208 could not significantly reduce tumor growth and angiogenesis in human colorectal cancer model at least using SW-48 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Amanpour
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Muhammadnejad
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamidollah Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Mobini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shidfar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahad Khoshzaban
- Stem Cells Preparation Uinte, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Faghihloo
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Karimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (FATiM), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Heidari
- Stem Cells Preparation Uinte, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Cheriyan VT, Wang Y, Muthu M, Jamal S, Chen D, Yang H, Polin LA, Tarca AL, Pass HI, Dou QP, Sharma S, Wali A, Rishi AK. Disulfiram suppresses growth of the malignant pleural mesothelioma cells in part by inducing apoptosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93711. [PMID: 24690739 PMCID: PMC3972204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dithiocarbamate compound Disulfiram (DSF) that binds with copper and functions as an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase is a Food and Drug Administration approved agent for treatment of alcoholism. Copper complexed DSF (DSF-Cu) also possesses anti-tumor and chemosensitizing properties; however, its molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here we investigated malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) suppressive effects of DSF-Cu and the molecular mechanisms involved. DSF-Cu inhibited growth of the murine as well as human MPM cells in part by increasing levels of ubiquitinated proteins. DSF-Cu exposure stimulated apoptosis in MPM cells that involved activation of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) p38 and JNK1/2, caspase-3, and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase, as well as increased expression of sulfatase 1 and apoptosis transducing CARP-1/CCAR1 protein. Gene-array based analyses revealed that DSF-Cu suppressed cell growth and metastasis-promoting genes including matrix metallopeptidase 3 and 10. DSF inhibited MPM cell growth and survival by upregulating cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1, IGFBP7, and inhibitors of NF-κB such as ABIN 1 and 2 and Inhibitory κB (IκB)α and β proteins. DSF-Cu promoted cleavage of vimentin, as well as serine-phosphorylation and lysine-63 linked ubiquitination of podoplanin. Administration of 50 mg/kg DSF-Cu by daily i.p injections inhibited growth of murine MPM cell-derived tumors in vivo. Although podoplanin expression often correlates with metastatic disease and poor prognosis, phosphorylation of serines in cytoplasmic domain of podoplanin has recently been shown to interfere with cellular motility and migration signaling. Post-translational modification of podoplanin and cleavage of vimentin by DSF-Cu underscore a metastasis inhibitory property of this agent and together with our in vivo studies underscore its potential as an anti-MPM agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vino T. Cheriyan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ying Wang
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Magesh Muthu
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shazia Jamal
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Di Chen
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Huanjie Yang
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lisa A. Polin
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Harvey I. Pass
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Q. Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QPD); (AKR)
| | - Sunita Sharma
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Anil Wali
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Arun K. Rishi
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QPD); (AKR)
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34
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Zhang Y, Li L, Yu J, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Li X, Gu H, Zhang CY, Zen K. Microvesicle-mediated delivery of transforming growth factor β1 siRNA for the suppression of tumor growth in mice. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4390-400. [PMID: 24565517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-derived microvesicles (MVs) have been recently shown as an efficient carrier to deliver small RNAs into the target cells. In the present study, we characterized the inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 siRNA delivered by mouse fibroblast L929 cell-derived MVs (L929 MVs) on the growth and metastasis of murine sarcomas 180 cells both in vitro and in vivo. We found that, comparing to the same concentration of free TGF-β1 siRNA, TGF-β1 siRNA delivered by L929 MVs much more efficiently decreased the level of TGF-β1 in the recipient tumor cells. Functionally, MVs containing TGF-β1 siRNA significantly decreased the viability and migration of sarcomas 180 cells and promoted the apoptosis of tumor cells. Co-immunoprecipitation with Argonaute 2 (AGO2) via anti-AGO2 antibody indicated that the majority of TGF-β1 siRNA in the MVs were associated with AGO2 complex. A tumor implantation mouse model further showed that intravenous injection of TGF-β1 siRNA-containing MVs strongly suppressed TGF-β1 expression and TGF-β1 signaling downstream in the implanted tumor cells, and thus inhibited the growth and lung metastases of tumor cells. In conclusion, our results collectively demonstrate that the delivery of therapeutic TGF-β1 siRNA by cell-derived MVs provides an effective strategy to control tumor cell growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Limin Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Jianxiong Yu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Dihan Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Xihan Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Ke Zen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
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35
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Zheng C, Fang Y, Tong W, Li G, Wu H, Zhou W, Lin Q, Yang F, Yang Z, Wang P, Peng Y, Pang X, Yi Z, Luo J, Liu M, Chen Y. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tetrahydro-β-carboline Derivatives as Antitumor Growth and Metastasis Agents through Inhibiting the Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway. J Med Chem 2014; 57:600-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401117t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zheng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanzhang Fang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weiguang Tong
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haigang Wu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenbo Zhou
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qingxiang Lin
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengfeng Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yangrui Peng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiufeng Pang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical
Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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36
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Lee YH, Schiemann WP. Chemotherapeutic Targeting of the Transforming Growth Factor-β Pathway in Breast Cancers. BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2014; 3:73-85. [PMID: 25904986 DOI: 10.2217/bmt.13.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays essential roles in regulating mammary gland development, morphogenesis, differentiation, and involution. TGF-β also regulates mammary gland homeostasis and prevents its transformation by prohibiting dysregulated cell cycle progression, and by inducing apoptosis; it also creates cell microenvironments that readily inhibit cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Interestingly, while early-stage mammary tumors remain sensitive to the tumor suppressing activities of TGF-β, late-stage breast cancers become insensitive to the anticancer functions of this cytokine and instead rely upon TGF-β to drive disease and metastatic progression. This switch in TGF-β function is known as the "TGF-β Paradox" and represents the rationale for developing chemotherapies to inactivate the TGF-β pathway and its oncogenic functions in late-stage breast cancers. Here we outline the molecular mechanisms that manifest the "TGF-β Paradox" and discuss the challenges associated with the development and use of anti-TGF-β agents to treat breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hun Lee
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road Cleveland, OH 44106
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37
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Hanks BA, Holtzhausen A, Evans KS, Jamieson R, Gimpel P, Campbell OM, Hector-Greene M, Sun L, Tewari A, George A, Starr M, Nixon A, Augustine C, Beasley G, Tyler DS, Osada T, Morse MA, Ling L, Lyerly HK, Blobe GC. Type III TGF-β receptor downregulation generates an immunotolerant tumor microenvironment. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3925-40. [PMID: 23925295 PMCID: PMC3754240 DOI: 10.1172/jci65745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers subvert the host immune system to facilitate disease progression. These evolved immunosuppressive mechanisms are also implicated in circumventing immunotherapeutic strategies. Emerging data indicate that local tumor-associated DC populations exhibit tolerogenic features by promoting Treg development; however, the mechanisms by which tumors manipulate DC and Treg function in the tumor microenvironment remain unclear. Type III TGF-β receptor (TGFBR3) and its shed extracellular domain (sTGFBR3) regulate TGF-β signaling and maintain epithelial homeostasis, with loss of TGFBR3 expression promoting progression early in breast cancer development. Using murine models of breast cancer and melanoma, we elucidated a tumor immunoevasion mechanism whereby loss of tumor-expressed TGFBR3/sTGFBR3 enhanced TGF-β signaling within locoregional DC populations and upregulated both the immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in plasmacytoid DCs and the CCL22 chemokine in myeloid DCs. Alterations in these DC populations mediated Treg infiltration and the suppression of antitumor immunity. Our findings provide mechanistic support for using TGF-β inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy, indicate that sTGFBR3 levels could serve as a predictive immunotherapy biomarker, and expand the mechanisms by which TGFBR3 suppresses cancer progression to include effects on the tumor immune microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CCL22/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Proteoglycans/genetics
- Proteoglycans/metabolism
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A. Hanks
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alisha Holtzhausen
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine S. Evans
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebekah Jamieson
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Petra Gimpel
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olivia M. Campbell
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melissa Hector-Greene
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lihong Sun
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alok Tewari
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda George
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark Starr
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew Nixon
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christi Augustine
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Georgia Beasley
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Douglas S. Tyler
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Takayu Osada
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A. Morse
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leona Ling
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - H. Kim Lyerly
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gerard C. Blobe
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Stevenson JP, Kindler HL, Papasavvas E, Sun J, Jacobs-Small M, Hull J, Schwed D, Ranganathan A, Newick K, Heitjan DF, Langer CJ, McPherson JM, Montaner LJ, Albelda SM. Immunological effects of the TGFβ-blocking antibody GC1008 in malignant pleural mesothelioma patients. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26218. [PMID: 24179709 PMCID: PMC3812201 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated a neutralizing anti-TGFβ antibody (GC1008) in cancer patients with malignant pleura mesothelioma (MPM). The goal of this study was to assess immunoregulatory effects in relation to clinical safety and clinical response. Patients with progressive MPM and 1-2 prior systemic therapies received GC1008 at 3mg/kg IV over 90 min every 21 d as part of an open-label, two-center Phase II trial. Following TGFβ blockade therapy, clinical safety and patient survival were monitored along with the effects of anti-TGFβ antibodies on serum biomarkers and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Although designed as a larger trial, only 13 patients were enrolled when the manufacturer discontinued further development of the antibody for oncology indications. All participants tolerated therapy. Although partial or complete radiographic responses were not observed, three patients showed stable disease at 3 mo. GC1008 had no effect in the expression of NK, CD4+, or CD8+ T cell activating and inhibitory markers, other than a decrease in the expression of 2B4 and DNAM-1 on NK cells. However, serum from 5 patients showed new or enhanced levels of antibodies against MPM tumor lysates as measured by immunoblotting. Patients who produced anti-tumor antibodies had increased median overall survival (OS) (15 vs 7.5 mo, p < 0.03) compared with those who did not. To our knowledge, these data represent the first immune analysis of TGFβ- blockade in human cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Stevenson
- Penn Mesothelioma and Pleural Program; Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Hedy L Kindler
- Section of Hematology/Oncology; University of Chicago School of Medicine; Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Jing Sun
- Penn Mesothelioma and Pleural Program; Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Mona Jacobs-Small
- Penn Mesothelioma and Pleural Program; Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jennifer Hull
- Section of Hematology/Oncology; University of Chicago School of Medicine; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Daniel Schwed
- Penn Mesothelioma and Pleural Program; Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Anjana Ranganathan
- Penn Mesothelioma and Pleural Program; Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Kheng Newick
- Penn Mesothelioma and Pleural Program; Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Daniel F Heitjan
- Penn Mesothelioma and Pleural Program; Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Corey J Langer
- Penn Mesothelioma and Pleural Program; Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | | | - Steven M Albelda
- Penn Mesothelioma and Pleural Program; Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA USA
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Natural velvet antler polypeptide conformation prediction and molecular docking study with TGF-β1 complex. J Mol Model 2013; 19:3671-82. [PMID: 23771398 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on the chain A structures of hemoglobin (PDB code: 1HDS, 1IBE, 1FAW, 3AT5), the three dimensional (3D) structure of natural velvet antler polypeptide (nVAP) was constructed by homology modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) method. The structural rationality was further checked by Profile-3D and Procheck, both of which confirmed that the 3D structure of nVAP was reasonable. The modeled structure indicates that the stable conformation of nVAP is composed of two α-helixes. The extracellular domains of transforming growth factor-β1 receptor I (TβRI-ED) and II (TβRII-ED) were docked with nVAP, respectively. The results show that both of TβR-EDs have high affinity with nVAP which locates near the active center of TβRII-ED integrating with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Otherwise, nVAP can also insert near the "pre-helix extension" of TβRI-ED, which is the key domain to interact on TGF-β1 and TβRII-ED. With the perturbation of nVAP, TβRI-ED can not be recruited by TGF-β1:TβRII-ED complex rigorously. The intracellular domain of TβRI (TβRI-ID) is not phosphorylated and activated by TβRII. This study shows that nVAP prefers tethering TβRI-ED which is more crucial in TGF-β1:TβRII-ED:TβRI-ED complex. Thus nVAP can disturb the TGF-β1 binding pattern by interacting on TβRs (TβRI and TβRII), further intercepting TGF-β1 pathway downstream.
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Cho HJ, Suh DS, Moon SH, Song YJ, Yoon MS, Park DY, Choi KU, Kim YK, Kim KH. Silibinin inhibits tumor growth through downregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt in vitro and in vivo in human ovarian cancer cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4089-4096. [PMID: 23570653 DOI: 10.1021/jf400192v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer activity of silibinin, a flavonoid, has been demonstrated in various cancer cell types. However, the underlying mechanisms were not elucidated in human ovarian cancer cells. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of silibinin in vitro and in vivo on tumor growth in human ovarian cancer cells. Silibinin decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Silibinin caused an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the silibinin-induced cell death was prevented by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Western blot analysis showed silibinin-induced downregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt. Transfection of constitutively active forms of MEK and Akt prevented the silibinin-induced cell death. Oral administration of silibinin in animals with subcutaneous A2780 cells reduced tumor volume. Subsequent tumor tissue analysis showed that silibinin treatment induced a decrease in Ki-67-positive cells, an increase in transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells, activation of caspase-3, and inhibition of p-ERK and p-Akt. These results indicate that silibinin reduces tumor growth through inhibition of ERK and Akt in human ovarian cancer cells. These data suggest that silibinin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for human ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Cho
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Pusan National University , Busan 602-739, Korea
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Shukla A, Miller JM, Cason C, Sayan M, MacPherson MB, Beuschel SL, Hillegass J, Vacek PM, Pass HI, Mossman BT. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5: a potential therapeutic target for malignant mesotheliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:2071-83. [PMID: 23446998 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant mesothelioma is a devastating disease with a need for new treatment strategies. In the present study, we showed the importance of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) in malignant mesothelioma tumor growth and treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ERK5 as a target for malignant mesothelioma therapy was verified using mesothelial and mesothelioma cell lines as well as by xenograft severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse models. RESULTS We first showed that crocidolite asbestos activated ERK5 in LP9 cells and mesothelioma cell lines exhibit constitutive activation of ERK5. Addition of doxorubicin resulted in further activation of ERK5 in malignant mesothelioma cells. ERK5 silencing increased doxorubicin-induced cell death and doxorubicin retention in malignant mesothelioma cells. In addition, shERK5 malignant mesothelioma lines exhibited both attenuated colony formation on soft agar and invasion of malignant mesothelioma cells in vitro that could be related to modulation of gene expression linked to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration/invasion, and drug resistance as shown by microarray analysis. Most importantly, injection of shERK5 malignant mesothelioma cell lines into SCID mice showed significant reduction in tumor growth using both subcutaneous and intraperitoneal models. Assessment of selected human cytokine profiles in peritoneal lavage fluid from intraperitoneal shERK5 and control tumor-bearing mice showed that ERK5 was critical in regulation of various proinflammatory (RANTES/CCL5, MCP-1) and angiogenesis-related (interleukin-8, VEGF) cytokines. Finally, use of doxorubicin and cisplatin in combination with ERK5 inhibition showed further reduction in tumor weight and volume in the intraperitoneal model of tumor growth. CONCLUSION ERK5 inhibition in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs is a beneficial strategy for combination therapy in patients with malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.
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Changes in the local tumor microenvironment in recurrent cancers may explain the failure of vaccines after surgery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 110:E415-24. [PMID: 23271806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1211850110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, more than 700,000 people undergo cancer surgery in the United States. However, more than 40% of those patients develop recurrences and have a poor outcome. Traditionally, the medical community has assumed that recurrent tumors arise from selected tumor clones that are refractory to therapy. However, we found that tumor cells have few phenotypical differences after surgery. Thus, we propose an alternative explanation for the resistance of recurrent tumors. Surgery promotes inhibitory factors that allow lingering immunosuppressive cells to repopulate small pockets of residual disease quickly. Recurrent tumors and draining lymph nodes are infiltrated with M2 (CD11b(+)F4/80(hi)CD206(hi) and CD11b(+)F4/80(hi)CD124(hi)) macrophages and CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. This complex network of immunosuppression in the surrounding tumor microenvironment explains the resistance of tumor recurrences to conventional cancer vaccines despite small tumor size, an intact antitumor immune response, and unaltered cancer cells. Therapeutic strategies coupling antitumor agents with inhibition of immunosuppressive cells potentially could impact the outcomes of more than 250,000 people each year.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Activins control the growth of several tumour types including thoracic malignancies. In the present study, we investigated their expression and function in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). METHODS The expression of activins and activin receptors was analysed by quantitative PCR in a panel of MPM cell lines. Activin A expression was further analysed by immunohistochemistry in MPM tissue specimens (N=53). Subsequently, MPM cells were treated with activin A, activin receptor inhibitors or activin-targeting siRNA and the impact on cell viability, proliferation, migration and signalling was assessed. RESULTS Concomitant expression of activin subunits and receptors was found in all cell lines, and activin A was overexpressed in most cell lines compared with non-malignant mesothelial cells. Similarly, immunohistochemistry demonstrated intense staining of tumour cells for activin A in a subset of patients. Treatment with activin A induced SMAD2 phosphorylation and stimulated clonogenic growth of mesothelioma cells. In contrast, treatment with kinase inhibitors of activin receptors (SB-431542, A-8301) inhibited MPM cell viability, clonogenicity and migration. Silencing of activin A expression by siRNA oligonucleotides further confirmed these results and led to reduced cyclin D1/3 expression. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that activin A contributes to the malignant phenotype of MPM cells via regulation of cyclin D and may represent a valuable candidate for therapeutic interference.
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Szatmári T, Mundt F, Heidari-Hamedani G, Zong F, Ferolla E, Alexeyenko A, Hjerpe A, Dobra K. Novel genes and pathways modulated by syndecan-1: implications for the proliferation and cell-cycle regulation of malignant mesothelioma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48091. [PMID: 23144729 PMCID: PMC3483307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a highly malignant tumor, originating from mesothelial cells of the serous cavities. In mesothelioma the expression of syndecan-1 correlates to epithelioid morphology and inhibition of growth and migration. Our previous data suggest a complex role of syndecan-1 in mesothelioma cell proliferation although the exact underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely elucidated. The aim of this study is therefore to disclose critical genes and pathways affected by syndecan-1 in mesothelioma; in order to better understand its importance for tumor cell growth and proliferation. We modulated the expression of syndecan-1 in a human mesothelioma cell line via both overexpression and silencing, and followed the transcriptomic responses with microarray analysis. To project the transcriptome analysis on the full-dimensional picture of cellular regulation, we applied pathway analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and a novel method of network enrichment analysis (NEA) which elucidated signaling relations between differentially expressed genes and pathways acting via various molecular mechanisms. Syndecan-1 overexpression had profound effects on genes involved in regulation of cell growth, cell cycle progression, adhesion, migration and extracellular matrix organization. In particular, expression of several growth factors, interleukins, and enzymes of importance for heparan sulfate sulfation pattern, extracellular matrix proteins and proteoglycans were significantly altered. Syndecan-1 silencing had less powerful effect on the transcriptome compared to overexpression, which can be explained by the already low initial syndecan-1 level of these cells. Nevertheless, 14 genes showed response to both up- and downregulation of syndecan-1. The "cytokine - cytokine-receptor interaction", the TGF-β, EGF, VEGF and ERK/MAPK pathways were enriched in both experimental settings. Most strikingly, nearly all analyzed pathways related to cell cycle were enriched after syndecan-1 silencing and depleted after syndecan-1 overexpression. Syndecan-1 regulates proliferation in a highly complex way, although the exact contribution of the altered pathways necessitates further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Novel genes and pathways modulated by syndecan-1: implications for the proliferation and cell-cycle regulation of malignant mesothelioma cells. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23144729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048091pone-d-12-14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a highly malignant tumor, originating from mesothelial cells of the serous cavities. In mesothelioma the expression of syndecan-1 correlates to epithelioid morphology and inhibition of growth and migration. Our previous data suggest a complex role of syndecan-1 in mesothelioma cell proliferation although the exact underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely elucidated. The aim of this study is therefore to disclose critical genes and pathways affected by syndecan-1 in mesothelioma; in order to better understand its importance for tumor cell growth and proliferation. We modulated the expression of syndecan-1 in a human mesothelioma cell line via both overexpression and silencing, and followed the transcriptomic responses with microarray analysis. To project the transcriptome analysis on the full-dimensional picture of cellular regulation, we applied pathway analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and a novel method of network enrichment analysis (NEA) which elucidated signaling relations between differentially expressed genes and pathways acting via various molecular mechanisms. Syndecan-1 overexpression had profound effects on genes involved in regulation of cell growth, cell cycle progression, adhesion, migration and extracellular matrix organization. In particular, expression of several growth factors, interleukins, and enzymes of importance for heparan sulfate sulfation pattern, extracellular matrix proteins and proteoglycans were significantly altered. Syndecan-1 silencing had less powerful effect on the transcriptome compared to overexpression, which can be explained by the already low initial syndecan-1 level of these cells. Nevertheless, 14 genes showed response to both up- and downregulation of syndecan-1. The "cytokine - cytokine-receptor interaction", the TGF-β, EGF, VEGF and ERK/MAPK pathways were enriched in both experimental settings. Most strikingly, nearly all analyzed pathways related to cell cycle were enriched after syndecan-1 silencing and depleted after syndecan-1 overexpression. Syndecan-1 regulates proliferation in a highly complex way, although the exact contribution of the altered pathways necessitates further functional studies.
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Perrot CY, Javelaud D, Mauviel A. Overlapping activities of TGF-β and Hedgehog signaling in cancer: therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 137:183-99. [PMID: 23063491 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of cancer therapeutics come from the development of drugs that specifically recognize validated oncogenic or pro-metastatic targets. The latter may be mutated proteins with altered function, such as kinases that become constitutively active, or critical components of growth factor signaling pathways, whose deregulation leads to aberrant malignant cell proliferation and dissemination to metastatic sites. We herein focus on the description of the overlapping activities of two important developmental pathways often exacerbated in cancer, namely Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) and Hedgehog (HH) signaling, with a special emphasis on the unifying oncogenic role played by GLI1/2 transcription factors. The latter are the main effectors of the canonical HH pathway, yet are direct target genes of TGF-β/SMAD signal transduction. While tumor-suppressor in healthy and pre-malignant tissues, TGF-β is often expressed at high levels in tumors and contributes to tumor growth, escape from immune surveillance, invasion and metastasis. HH signaling regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and aberrant HH signaling is found in a variety of cancers. We discuss the current knowledge on HH and TGF-β implication in cancer including cancer stem cell biology, as well as the current state, both successes and failures, of targeted therapeutics aimed at blocking either of these pathways in the pre-clinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Y Perrot
- Institut Curie, Team TGF-β and Oncogenesis, 91400, Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, 91400, Orsay, France
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Abstract
Many drugs that target transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling have been developed, some of which have reached Phase III clinical trials for a number of disease applications. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate the utility of these agents in fibrosis and oncology, particularly in augmentation of existing cancer therapies, such as radiation and chemotherapy, as well as in tumour vaccines. There are also reports of specialized applications, such as the reduction of vascular symptoms of Marfan syndrome. Here, we consider why the TGFβ signalling pathway is a drug target, the potential clinical applications of TGFβ inhibition, the issues arising with anti-TGFβ therapy and how these might be tackled using personalized approaches to dosing, monitoring of biomarkers as well as brief and/or localized drug-dosing regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary J Akhurst
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
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Fujii M, Nakanishi H, Toyoda T, Tanaka I, Kondo Y, Osada H, Sekido Y. Convergent signaling in the regulation of connective tissue growth factor in malignant mesothelioma: TGFβ signaling and defects in the Hippo signaling cascade. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3373-9. [PMID: 22918238 PMCID: PMC3466546 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a neoplasm that arises from serosal surfaces of the pleural, peritoneal and pericardial cavities with worldwide incidence, much of which is caused by asbestos exposure. Patients suffer from pain and dyspnea due to direct invasion of the chest wall, lungs and vertebral or intercostal nerves by masses of thick fibrotic tumors. Although there has been recent progress in the clinical treatment, current therapeutic approaches do not provide satisfactory results. Therefore, development of a molecularly targeted therapy for MM is urgently required. Our recent studies suggest that normal mesothelial and MM cell growth is promoted by TGFβ, and that TGFβ signaling together with intrinsic disturbances in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and Hippo signaling cascades in MM cells converges upon further expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The formation of a YAP-TEAD4-Smad3-p300 complex on the specific CTGF promoter site with an adjacent TEAD and Smad binding motif is a critical and synergistic event caused by the dysregulation of these two distinct cascades. Furthermore, we demonstrated the functional importance of CTGF through the mouse studies and human histological analyses, which may elucidate the clinical features of MM with severe fibrosis in the thoracic cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Fujii
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
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Withaferin A inhibits the proteasome activity in mesothelioma in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41214. [PMID: 22912669 PMCID: PMC3422308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The medicinal plant Withania somnifera has been used for over centuries in Indian Ayurvedic Medicine to treat a wide spectrum of disorders. Withaferin A (WA), a bioactive compound that is isolated from this plant, has anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer properties. Here we investigated malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) suppressive effects of WA and the molecular mechanisms involved. WA inhibited growth of the murine as well as patient-derived MPM cells in part by decreasing the chymotryptic activity of the proteasome that resulted in increased levels of ubiquitinated proteins and pro-apoptotic proteasome target proteins (p21, Bax, IκBα). WA suppression of MPM growth also involved elevated apoptosis as evidenced by activation of pro-apoptotic p38 stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) and caspase-3, elevated levels of pro-apoptotic Bax protein and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP). Our studies including gene-array based analyses further revealed that WA suppressed a number of cell growth and metastasis-promoting genes including c-myc. WA treatments also stimulated expression of the cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein (CARP)-1/CCAR1, a novel transducer of cell growth signaling. Knock-down of CARP-1, on the other hand, interfered with MPM growth inhibitory effects of WA. Intra-peritoneal administration of 5 mg/kg WA daily inhibited growth of murine MPM cell-derived tumors in vivo in part by inhibiting proteasome activity and stimulating apoptosis. Together our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that WA suppresses MPM growth by targeting multiple pathways that include blockage of proteasome activity and stimulation of apoptosis, and thus holds promise as an anti-MPM agent.
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Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are skin-resident dendritic cells (DC) located in the epidermis that migrate to skin-draining lymph nodes during the steady state and in response to inflammatory stimuli. TGF-β1 is a critical immune regulator that is highly expressed by LCs. The ability to test the functional importance of LC-derived TGF-β1 is complicated by the requirement of TGF-β1 for LC development and by the absence of LCs in mice with an LC-specific ablation of TGF-β1 or its receptor. To overcome these problems, we have engineered transgenic huLangerin-CreER(T2) mice that allow for inducible LC-specific excision. Highly efficient and LC-specific expression was confirmed in mice bred onto a YFP Cre reporter strain. We next generated huLangerin-CreER(T2) × TGF-βRII(fl) and huLangerin-CreER(T2) × TGF-β1(fl) mice. Excision of the TGFβRII or TGFβ1 genes induced mass migration of LCs to the regional lymph node. Expression of costimulatory markers and inflammatory cytokines was unaffected, consistent with homeostatic migration. In addition, levels of p-SMAD2/3 were decreased in LCs from wild-type mice before inflammation-induced migration. We conclude that TGF-β1 acts directly on LCs in an autocrine/paracrine manner to inhibit steady-state and inflammation-induced migration. This is a readily targetable pathway with potential therapeutic implications for skin disease.
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