1
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Song D, Chen Y, Wang P, Cheng Y, Shyh-Chang N. Lin28a forms an RNA-binding complex with Igf2bp3 to regulate m 6A-modified stress response genes in stress granules of muscle stem cells. Cell Prolif 2024:e13707. [PMID: 39021312 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In the early embryonic stages, Lin-28 homologue A (Lin28a) is highly expressed and declines as the embryo matures. As an RNA-binding protein, Lin28a maintains some adult muscle stem cells (MuSCs) in an embryonic-like state, but its RNA metabolism regulation mechanism remains unclear. BioGPS analysis revealed that Lin28a expression is significantly higher in muscle tissues than in other tissues. Lin28a-positive muscle stem cells (Lin28a+ MuSCs) were sorted from Lin28a-CreERT2; LSL-tdTomato mouse skeletal muscle tissue, which exhibited a higher proliferation rate than the control group. Lin28a-bound transcripts are enriched in various biological processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle, mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative stress response. The expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (Igf2bp3) was markedly elevated in the presence of Lin28a. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis further demonstrated that Lin28a associates with Igf2bp3. Immunofluorescence analyses confirmed that Lin28a, Igf2bp3 and G3bp1 colocalize to form stress granules (SG), and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification promotes the formation of Lin28a-SG. Sequencing of the transcriptome and RNAs immunoprecipitated by Lin28a, Igf2bp3 and m6A antibodies in Lin28a+ MuSCs further revealed that Lin28a and Igf2bp3 collaboratively regulate the expression of DNA repair-related genes, including Fancm and Usp1. Lin28a stabilises Igf2bp3, Usp1, and Fancm mRNAs, enhancing DNA repair against oxidative or proteotoxic stress, thus promoting MuSCs self-renewal. Understanding the intricate mechanisms through which Lin28a and Igf2bp3 regulate MuSCs provides a deeper understanding of stem cell self-renewal, with potential implications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yeqian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
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2
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Dahl O, Myklebust MP. A study of microRNAs as new prognostic biomarkers in anal cancer patients. Acta Oncol 2024; 63:456-465. [PMID: 38899393 DOI: 10.2340/1651-226x.2024.27976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA (MiR) influences the growth of cancer by regulation of mRNA for 50-60% of all genes. We present as per our knowledge the first global analysis of microRNA expression in anal cancer patients and their prognostic impact. METHODS Twenty-nine patients with T1-4 N0-3 M0 anal cancer treated with curative intent from September 2003 to April 2011 were included in the study. RNA was extracted from fresh frozen tissue and sequenced using NGS. Differentially expressed microRNAs were identified using the R-package DEseq2 and the endpoints were time to progression (TTP) and cancer specific survival (CSS). RESULTS Five microRNAs were significantly associated with 5-year progression free survival (PFS): Low expression of two microRNAs was associated with higher PFS, miR-1246 (100% vs. 55.6%, p = 0.008), and miR-135b-5p (92.9% vs. 59.3%, p = 0.041). On the other hand, high expressions of three microRNAs were associated with higher PFS, miR-148a-3p (93.3% vs. 53.6%, p = 0.025), miR-99a-5p (92.9% vs. 57.1%, p = 0.016), and let-7c-3p (92.9% vs. 57.1%, p = 0.016). Corresponding findings were documented for CSS. INTERPRETATION Our study identified five microRNAs as prognostic markers in anal cancer. MiR-1246 and microRNA-135b-5p were oncoMiRs (miRs with oncogene effects), while miR-148a-3p, miR- 99a-5p, and let-7c-3p acted as tumour suppressors in anal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav Dahl
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen Norway.
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3
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Lee JY, Bhandare RR, Boddu SHS, Shaik AB, Saktivel LP, Gupta G, Negi P, Barakat M, Singh SK, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumour suppressor genes in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116275. [PMID: 38394846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour suppressor genes play a cardinal role in the development of a large array of human cancers, including lung cancer, which is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Therefore, extensive studies have been committed to deciphering the underlying mechanisms of alterations of tumour suppressor genes in governing tumourigenesis, as well as resistance to cancer therapies. In spite of the encouraging clinical outcomes demonstrated by lung cancer patients on initial treatment, the subsequent unresponsiveness to first-line treatments manifested by virtually all the patients is inherently a contentious issue. In light of the aforementioned concerns, this review compiles the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of some of the tumour suppressor genes implicated in lung cancer that are either frequently mutated and/or are located on the chromosomal arms having high LOH rates (1p, 3p, 9p, 10q, 13q, and 17p). Our study identifies specific genomic loci prone to LOH, revealing a recurrent pattern in lung cancer cases. These loci, including 3p14.2 (FHIT), 9p21.3 (p16INK4a), 10q23 (PTEN), 17p13 (TP53), exhibit a higher susceptibility to LOH due to environmental factors such as exposure to DNA-damaging agents (carcinogens in cigarette smoke) and genetic factors such as chromosomal instability, genetic mutations, DNA replication errors, and genetic predisposition. Furthermore, this review summarizes the current treatment landscape and advancements for lung cancers, including the challenges and endeavours to overcome it. This review envisages inspired researchers to embark on a journey of discovery to add to the list of what was known in hopes of prompting the development of effective therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yee Lee
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, St. Mary's Group of Institutions Guntur, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Chebrolu, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522212, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
| | - Lakshmana Prabu Saktivel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, PO Box 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman-11937, Jordan
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
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4
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Wilkinson AN, Chen R, Coleborn E, Neilson T, Le K, Bhavsar C, Wang Y, Atluri S, Irgam G, Wong K, Yang D, Steptoe R, Wu SY. Let-7i enhances anti-tumour immunity and suppresses ovarian tumour growth. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:80. [PMID: 38554167 PMCID: PMC10981620 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has seen significant success in the last decade for cancer management by enhancing endogenous cancer immunity. However, immunotherapies developed thus far have seen limited success in the majority of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) ovarian cancer patients. This is largely due to the highly immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment of HGSC and late-stage identification. Thus, novel treatment interventions are needed to overcome this immunosuppression and complement existing immunotherapies. Here, we have identified through analysis of > 600 human HGSC tumours a critical role for Let-7i in modulating the tumoural immune network. Tumoural expression of Let-7i had high positive correlation with anti-cancer immune signatures in HGSC patients. Confirming this role, enforced Let-7i expression in murine HGSC tumours resulted in a significant decrease in tumour burden with a significant increase in tumour T cell numbers in tumours. In concert with the improved tumoural immunity, Let-7i treatment also significantly increased CD86 expression in antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the draining lymph nodes, indicating enhanced APC activity. Collectively, our findings highlight an important role of Let-7i in anti-tumour immunity and its potential use for inducing an anti-tumour effect in HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Wilkinson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Elaina Coleborn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Trent Neilson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Khang Le
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Chintan Bhavsar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Sharat Atluri
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Gowri Irgam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kiefer Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Da Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Raymond Steptoe
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Sherry Y Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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5
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Oyejobi GK, Yan X, Sliz P, Wang L. Regulating Protein-RNA Interactions: Advances in Targeting the LIN28/Let-7 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3585. [PMID: 38612395 PMCID: PMC11011352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Originally discovered in C. elegans, LIN28 is an evolutionarily conserved zinc finger RNA-binding protein (RBP) that post-transcriptionally regulates genes involved in developmental timing, stem cell programming, and oncogenesis. LIN28 acts via two distinct mechanisms. It blocks the biogenesis of the lethal-7 (let-7) microRNA (miRNA) family, and also directly binds messenger RNA (mRNA) targets, such as IGF-2 mRNA, and alters downstream splicing and translation events. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism of LIN28 repression of let-7 and current strategies to overcome this blockade for the purpose of cancer therapy. We highlight the value of the LIN28/let-7 pathway as a drug target, as multiple oncogenic proteins that the pathway regulates are considered undruggable due to their inaccessible cellular location and lack of cavities for small molecule binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greater Kayode Oyejobi
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaodan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Y.)
| | - Piotr Sliz
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Y.)
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6
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García-Giménez JL, Saadi W, Ortega AL, Lahoz A, Suay G, Carretero J, Pereda J, Fatmi A, Pallardó FV, Mena-Molla S. miRNAs Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1737. [PMID: 38339019 PMCID: PMC10855819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has represented a breakthrough in the treatment of many cancers, although a high number of patients fail to respond to ICIs, which is partially due to the ability of tumor cells to evade immune system surveillance. Non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to modulate the immune evasion of tumor cells, and there is thus growing interest in elucidating whether these miRNAs could be targetable or proposed as novel biomarkers for prognosis and treatment response to ICIs. We therefore performed an extensive literature analysis to evaluate the clinical utility of miRNAs with a confirmed direct relationship with treatment response to ICIs. As a result of this systematic review, we have stratified the miRNA landscape into (i) miRNAs whose levels directly modulate response to ICIs, (ii) miRNAs whose expression is modulated by ICIs, and (iii) miRNAs that directly elicit toxic effects or participate in immune-related adverse events (irAEs) caused by ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis García-Giménez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.L.G.-G.); (F.V.P.)
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Consortium Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Wiam Saadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature, Life and Earth Sciences, University of Djillali Bounaama, Khemis Miliana 44225, Algeria;
| | - Angel L. Ortega
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (A.L.O.); (J.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Agustin Lahoz
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Health Research Institute-Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Analytical Unit, Health Research Institute-Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Suay
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Julián Carretero
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (A.L.O.); (J.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Javier Pereda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (A.L.O.); (J.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Ahlam Fatmi
- Department of Microbiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of M’sila, M’sila 28000, Algeria;
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.L.G.-G.); (F.V.P.)
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Consortium Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Mena-Molla
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (A.L.O.); (J.C.); (J.P.)
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7
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Alshahrani SH, Yuliastanti T, Al-Dolaimy F, Korotkova NL, Rasulova I, Almuala AF, Alsaalamy A, Ali SHJ, Alasheqi MQ, Mustafa YF. A glimpse into let-7e roles in human disorders; friend or foe? Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154992. [PMID: 38103367 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to abnormal expression and regulation in a number of diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have concentrated on miRNA Let-7e's significance in precision medicine for cancer screening and diagnosis as well as its prognostic and therapeutic potential. Differential let-7e levels in bodily fluids have the possibility to enable early detection of cancer utilizing less-invasive techniques, reducing biopsy-related risks. Although Let-7e miRNAs have been described as tumor suppressors, it is crucial to note that there exists proof to support their oncogenic activity in vitro and in in vivo. Let-7e's significance in chemo- and radiation treatment decisions has also been demonstrated. Let-7e can also prevent the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in a number of degenerative disorders, including musculoskeletal and neurological conditions. For the first time, an overview of the significance of let-7e in the prevention, detection, and therapy of cancer and other conditions has been given in the current review. Additionally, we focused on the specific molecular processes that underlie the actions of let-7e, more particularly, on malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nadezhda L Korotkova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irodakhon Rasulova
- School of Humanities, Natural & Social Sciences, New Uzbekistan University, 54 Mustaqillik Ave., Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan; Department of Public Health, Samarkand State Medical University, Amir Temur Street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Abbas Firras Almuala
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Saad Hayif Jasim Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
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8
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Maklad A, Sedeeq M, Chan KM, Gueven N, Azimi I. Exploring Lin28 proteins: Unravelling structure and functions with emphasis on nervous system malignancies. Life Sci 2023; 335:122275. [PMID: 37984514 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and stem cells share many characteristics related to self-renewal and differentiation. Both cell types express the same critical proteins that govern cellular stemness, which provide cancer cells with the growth and survival benefits of stem cells. LIN28 is an example of one such protein. LIN28 includes two main isoforms, LIN28A and LIN28B, with diverse physiological functions from tissue development to control of pluripotency. In addition to their physiological roles, LIN28A and LIN28B affect the progression of several cancers by regulating multiple cancer hallmarks. Altered expression levels of LIN28A and LIN28B have been proposed as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers for various malignancies. This review discusses the structure and modes of action of the different LIN28 proteins and examines their roles in regulating cancer hallmarks with a focus on malignancies of the nervous system. This review also highlights some gaps in the field that require further exploration to assess the potential of targeting LIN28 proteins for controlling cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Maklad
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mohammed Sedeeq
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kai Man Chan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Iman Azimi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Tasmania, Australia; Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia.
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9
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Zhang Q, Shi M, Zheng R, Han H, Zhang X, Lin F. C1632 inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth and migration by inhibiting LIN28 B/let-7/FAK signaling pathway and FAK phosphorylation. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175935. [PMID: 37541366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The highly conserved RNA-binding protein LIN28B and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are significantly upregulated in ovarian cancer (OC), serving as markers for disease progression and prognosis. Nonetheless, the correlation between LIN28B and FAK, as well as the pharmacological effects of the LIN28 inhibitor C1632, in OC cells have not been elucidated. The present study demonstrates that C1632 significantly reduced the rate of DNA replication, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, consequently reducing cell viability, and impeding clone formation. Moreover, treatment with C1632 decreased cell-matrix adhesion, as well as inhibited cell migration and invasion. Further mechanistic studies revealed that C1632 inhibited the OC cell proliferation and migration by concurrently inhibiting LIN28 B/let-7/FAK signaling pathway and FAK phosphorylation. Furthermore, C1632 exhibited an obvious inhibitory effect on OC cell xenograft tumors in mice. Altogether, these findings identified that LIN28 B/let-7/FAK is a valuable target in OC and C1632 is a promising onco-therapeutic agent for OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyun Shi
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiling Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoyi Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China; Department of Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Wells AC, Hioki KA, Angelou CC, Lynch AC, Liang X, Ryan DJ, Thesmar I, Zhanybekova S, Zuklys S, Ullom J, Cheong A, Mager J, Hollander GA, Pobezinskaya EL, Pobezinsky LA. Let-7 enhances murine anti-tumor CD8 T cell responses by promoting memory and antagonizing terminal differentiation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5585. [PMID: 37696797 PMCID: PMC10495470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of the CD8 T cell-mediated immune response against infections and tumors depends on the formation of a long-lived memory pool, and the protection of effector cells from exhaustion. The advent of checkpoint blockade therapy has significantly improved anti-tumor therapeutic outcomes by reversing CD8 T cell exhaustion, but fails to generate effector cells with memory potential. Here, using in vivo mouse models, we show that let-7 miRNAs determine CD8 T cell fate, where maintenance of let-7 expression during early cell activation results in memory CD8 T cell formation and tumor clearance. Conversely, let-7-deficiency promotes the generation of a terminal effector population that becomes vulnerable to exhaustion and cell death in immunosuppressive environments and fails to reject tumors. Mechanistically, let-7 restrains metabolic changes that occur during T cell activation through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and production of reactive oxygen species, potent drivers of terminal differentiation and exhaustion. Thus, our results reveal a role for let-7 in the time-sensitive support of memory formation and the protection of effector cells from exhaustion. Overall, our data suggest a strategy in developing next-generation immunotherapies by preserving the multipotency of effector cells rather than enhancing the efficacy of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria C Wells
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kaito A Hioki
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- UMass Biotech Training Program (BTP), Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Constance C Angelou
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Adam C Lynch
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xueting Liang
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Ryan
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Iris Thesmar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Saule Zhanybekova
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Saulius Zuklys
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Ullom
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Agnes Cheong
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mager
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Georg A Hollander
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena L Pobezinskaya
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Leonid A Pobezinsky
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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11
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Selem NA, Nafae H, Manie T, Youness RA, Gad MZ. Let-7a/cMyc/CCAT1/miR-17-5p Circuit Re-sensitizes Atezolizumab Resistance in Triple Negative Breast Cancer through Modulating PD-L1. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154579. [PMID: 37301086 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an immunogenically hot tumor. The immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have been recently emerged as promising therapeutic candidates for several malignancies including TNBC. Yet, the development of innate and/or adaptive resistance by TNBC patients towards ICBs such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors (e.g. Atezolizumab) shed the light on importance of identifying the underlying mechanisms regulating PD-L1 in TNBC. Recently, it was reported that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) perform a fundamental role in regulating PD-L1 expression in TNBC. Hence, this study aims to explore a novel ncRNA axis tuning PD-L1 in TNBC patients and investigate its possible involvement in fighting Atezolizumab resistance. METHODS In-silico screening was executed to identify ncRNAs that could potentially target PD-L1. Screening of PD-L1 and the nominated ncRNAs (miR-17-5p, let-7a and CCAT1 lncRNA) was performed in BC patients and cell lines. Ectopic expression and/or knockdown of respective ncRNAs were performed in MDA-MB-231. Cellular viability, migration and clonogenic capacities were evaluated using MTT, scratch assay and colony-forming assay, respectively. RESULTS PD-L1 was upregulated in BC patients, especially in TNBC patients. PD-L1 is positively associated with lymph node metastasis and high Ki-67 in recruited BC patients. Let-7a and miR-17-5p were nominated as potential regulators of PD-L1. Ectopic expression of let-7a and miR-17-5p caused a noticeable reduction in PD-L1 levels in TNBC cells. In order to investigate the whole ceRNA circuit regulating PD-L1 in TNBC, intensive bioinformatic studies were performed. The lncRNA, Colon Cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT1), was reported to target PD-L1 regulating miRNAs. Results showed that CCAT1 is an upregulated oncogenic lncRNA in TNBC patients and cell lines. CCAT1 siRNAs induced a noticeable reduction in PD-L1 levels and a marked increase in miR-17-5p level, building up a novel regulatory axis CCAT1/miR-17-5p/PD-L1 in TNBC cells that was tuned by the let-7a/c-Myc engine. On the functional level, co-treatment of CCAT-1 siRNAs and let-7a mimics efficiently relieved Atezolizumab resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION The present study revealed a novel PD-L1 regulatory axis via targeting let-7a/c-Myc/CCAT/miR-17-5p. Additionally, it sheds the light on the potential combinational role of CCAT-1 siRNAs and Let-7a mimics in relieving Atezolizumab resistance in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Selem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Nafae
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer Manie
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana A Youness
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt; Biology and Biochemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Z Gad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
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12
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Zhao W, Li X, Ren Q, Wang Q, Liao C, Ding T, Li P, Liu J. Molecular mechanism of miRNA regulating PD-L1 expression. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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13
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Xu Y, Yuan Y, Fu DQ, Fu Y, Zhou S, Yang WT, Wang XY, Li GX, Dong J, Du F, Huang X, Wang QW, Tang Z. The aptamer-based RNA-PROTAC. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 86:117299. [PMID: 37137271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) dysfunction has been implicated in a number of diseases, and RBPs have traditionally been considered to be undruggable targets. Here, targeted degradation of RBPs is achieved based on the aptamer-based RNA-PROTAC, which consists of a genetically encoded RNA scaffold and a synthetic heterobifunctional molecule. The target RBPs can bind to their RNA consensus binding element (RCBE) on the RNA scaffold, while the small molecule can recruit E3 ubiquitin ligase to the RNA scaffold in a non-covalent manner, thereby inducing proximity-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of the target protein. Different RBPs targets, including LIN28A and RBFOX1, have been successfully degraded by simply replacing the RCBE module on the RNA scaffold. In addition, the simultaneous degradation of multiple target proteins has been realized by inserting more functional RNA oligonucleotides into the RNA scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ding-Qiang Fu
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wan-Ting Yang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xu-Yang Wang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Guang-Xun Li
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Juan Dong
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Feng Du
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Qi-Wei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China.
| | - Zhuo Tang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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14
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GEWALT TABEA, NOH KAWON, MEDER LYDIA. The role of LIN28B in tumor progression and metastasis in solid tumor entities. Oncol Res 2023; 31:101-115. [PMID: 37304235 PMCID: PMC10208000 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.028105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
LIN28B is an RNA-binding protein that targets a broad range of microRNAs and modulates their maturation and activity. Under normal conditions, LIN28B is exclusively expressed in embryogenic stem cells, blocking differentiation and promoting proliferation. In addition, it can play a role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by repressing the biogenesis of let-7 microRNAs. In malignancies, LIN28B is frequently overexpressed, which is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and metastatic properties. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of LIN28B in promoting tumor progression and metastasis in solid tumor entities and its potential use as a clinical therapeutic target and biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- TABEA GEWALT
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - KA-WON NOH
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - LYDIA MEDER
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Bertoldo JB, Müller S, Hüttelmaier S. RNA-binding proteins in cancer drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103580. [PMID: 37031812 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial players in tumorigenesis and, hence, promising targets in cancer drug discovery. However, they are largely regarded as 'undruggable', because of the often noncatalytic and complex interactions between protein and RNA, which limit the discovery of specific inhibitors. Nonetheless, over the past 10 years, drug discovery efforts have uncovered RBP inhibitors with clinical relevance, highlighting the disruption of RNA-protein networks as a promising avenue for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the role of structurally distinct RBPs in cancer, and the mechanisms of RBP-directed small-molecule inhibitors (SMOIs) focusing on drug-protein interactions, binding surfaces, potency, and translational potential. Additionally, we underline the limitations of RBP-targeting drug discovery assays and comment on future trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean B Bertoldo
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Müller
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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16
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Patra T, Cunningham DM, Meyer K, Toth K, Ray RB, Heczey A, Ray R. Targeting Lin28 axis enhances glypican-3-CAR T cell efficacy against hepatic tumor initiating cell population. Mol Ther 2023; 31:715-728. [PMID: 36609146 PMCID: PMC10014222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Lin28 is detected in various cancers with involvement in the self-renewal process and cancer stem cell generation. In the present study, we evaluated how the Lin28 axis plays an immune-protective role for tumor-initiating cancer cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our result using HCC patient samples showed a positive correlation between indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), a kynurenine-producing enzyme with effects on tumor immune escape, and Lin28B. Using in silico prediction, we identified a Sox2/Oct4 transcriptional motif acting as an enhancer for IDO1. Knockdown of Lin28B reduced Sox2/Oct4 and downregulated IDO1 in tumor-initiating hepatic cancer cells. We further observed that inhibition of Lin28 by a small-molecule inhibitor (C1632) suppressed IDO1 expression. Suppression of IDO1 resulted in a decline in kynurenine production from tumor-initiating cells. Inhibition of the Lin28 axis also impaired PD-L1 expression in HCC cells. Consequently, modulating Lin28B enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity of glypican-3 (GPC3)-chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T and NK cells. Next, we observed that GPC3-CAR T cell treatment together with C1632 in a HCC xenograft mouse model led to enhanced anti-tumor activity. In conclusion, our results suggest that inhibition of Lin28B reduces IDO1 and PD-L1 expression and enhances immunotherapeutic potential of GPC3-CART cells against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Patra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - David M Cunningham
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keith Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Karoly Toth
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology and Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Ratna B Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Andras Heczey
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ranjit Ray
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology and Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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17
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Gao Y, Cao H, Huang D, Zheng L, Nie Z, Zhang S. RNA-Binding Proteins in Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041150. [PMID: 36831493 PMCID: PMC9953953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key regulators of transcription and translation, with highly dynamic spatio-temporal regulation. They are usually involved in the regulation of RNA splicing, polyadenylation, and mRNA stability and mediate processes such as mRNA localization and translation, thereby affecting the RNA life cycle and causing the production of abnormal protein phenotypes that lead to tumorigenesis and development. Accumulating evidence supports that RBPs play critical roles in vital life processes, such as bladder cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Uncovering the regulatory mechanisms of RBPs in bladder cancer is aimed at addressing the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer and finding new therapies for cancer treatment. This article reviews the effects and mechanisms of several RBPs on bladder cancer and summarizes the different types of RBPs involved in the progression of bladder cancer and the potential molecular mechanisms by which they are regulated, with a view to providing information for basic and clinical researchers.
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18
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Li J, Xiao Y, Yu H, Jin X, Fan S, Liu W. Mutual connected IL-6, EGFR and LIN28/Let7-related mechanisms modulate PD-L1 and IGF upregulation in HNSCC using immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1140133. [PMID: 37124491 PMCID: PMC10130400 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1140133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of techniques and immunotherapies are widely applied in cancer treatment such as checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and cancer vaccines apart from radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy give enduring anti-tumor effects. Minority people utilize single-agent immunotherapy, and most people adopt multiple-agent immunotherapy. The difficulties are resolved by including the biomarkers to choose the non-responders' and responders' potentials. The possibility of the potential complications and side effects are examined to improve cancer therapy effects. The Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is analyzed with the help of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Insulin-like growth factor (IGF). But how IGF and PD-L1 upregulation depends on IL-6, EGFR, and LIN28/Let7-related mechanisms are poorly understood. Briefly, IL-6 stimulates gene expressions of IGF-1/2, and IL-6 cross-activates IGF-1R signaling, NF-κB, and STAT3. NF-κB, up-regulating PD-L1 expressions. IL-6/JAK1 primes PD-L1 for STT3-mediated PD-L1 glycosylation, stabilizes PD-L1 and trafficks it to the cell surface. Moreover, ΔNp63 is predominantly overexpressed over TAp63 in HNSCC, elevates circulating IGF-1 levels by repressing IGFBP3, and activates insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1).TP63 and SOX2 form a complex with CCAT1 to promote EGFR expression. EGFR activation through EGF binding extends STAT3 activation, and EGFR and its downstream signaling prolong PD-L1 mRNA half-life. PLC-γ1 binding to a cytoplasmic motif of elevated PD-L1 improves EGF-induced activation of inositol 1,4,5-tri-phosphate (IP3), and diacylglycerol (DAG) subsequently elevates RAC1-GTP. RAC1-GTP was convincingly demonstrated to induce the autocrine production and action of IL-6/IL-6R, forming a feedback loop for IGF and PD-L1 upregulation. Furthermore, the LIN28-Let7 axis mediates the NF-κB-IL-6-STAT3 amplification loop, activated LIN28-Let7 axis up-regulates RAS, AKT, IL-6, IGF-1/2, IGF-1R, Myc, and PD-L1, plays pivotal roles in IGF-1R activation and Myc, NF-κB, STAT3 concomitant activation. Therefore, based on a detailed mechanisms review, our article firstly reveals that IL-6, EGFR, and LIN28/Let7-related mechanisms mediate PD-L1 and IGF upregulation in HNSCC, which comprehensively influences immunity, inflammation, metabolism, and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment, and might be fundamental for overcoming therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Li
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of The Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yazhou Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of The Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huayue Yu
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of The Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of The Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of The Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of The Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Liu,
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Pharmacological inhibition of Lin28 promotes ketogenesis and restores lipid homeostasis in models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7940. [PMID: 36572670 PMCID: PMC9792516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lin28 RNA-binding proteins are stem-cell factors that play key roles in development. Lin28 suppresses the biogenesis of let-7 microRNAs and regulates mRNA translation. Notably, let-7 inhibits Lin28, establishing a double-negative feedback loop. The Lin28/let-7 axis resides at the interface of metabolic reprogramming and oncogenesis and is therefore a potential target for several diseases. In this study, we use compound-C1632, a drug-like Lin28 inhibitor, and show that the Lin28/let-7 axis regulates the balance between ketogenesis and lipogenesis in liver cells. Hence, Lin28 inhibition activates synthesis and secretion of ketone bodies whilst suppressing lipogenesis. This occurs at least partly via let-7-mediated inhibition of nuclear receptor co-repressor 1, which releases ketogenesis gene expression mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. In this way, small-molecule Lin28 inhibition protects against lipid accumulation in multiple cellular and male mouse models of hepatic steatosis. Overall, this study highlights Lin28 inhibitors as candidates for the treatment of hepatic disorders of abnormal lipid deposition.
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20
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Deng Y, Xiao M, Wan AH, Li J, Sun L, Liang H, Wang QP, Yin S, Bu X, Wan G. RNA and RNA Derivatives: Light and Dark Sides in Cancer Immunotherapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1266-1290. [PMID: 35369726 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Immunotherapy, which utilizes the patient's immune system to fight tumor cells, has been approved for the treatment of some types of advanced cancer. Recent Advances: The complexity and diversity of tumor immunity are responsible for the varying response rates toward current immunotherapy strategies and highlight the importance of exploring regulators in tumor immunotherapy. Several genetic factors have proved to be critical regulators of tumor immunotherapy. RNAs, including messenger RNAs and non-coding RNAs, play vital and diverse roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and immunotherapy response. RNA modifications, including N6-methyladenosine methylation, are involved in tumor immunity. Critical Issues: A critical issue is the lack of summary of the regulatory RNA molecules and their derivatives in mediating immune activities in human cancers that could provide potential applications for tumor immunotherapeutic strategy. Future Directions: This review summarizes the dual roles (the light and dark sides) of RNA and its derivatives in tumor immunotherapy and discusses the development of RNA-based therapies as novel immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1266-1290.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Deng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Arabella H Wan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Sun
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Liang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhang Bu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Wan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Discovery of Novel Lin28 Inhibitors to Suppress Cancer Cell Stemness. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225687. [PMID: 36428779 PMCID: PMC9688808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lin28 is a pluripotency factor that regulates cancer cell stem-like phenotypes to promote cancer development and therapy-resistant tumor progression. It acts through its cold shock domain and zinc knuckle domain (ZKD) to interact with the Let-7 pre-microRNA and block Let-7 biosynthesis. Chemical inhibition of Lin28 from interacting with Let-7 presents a therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, we present the computer-aided development of small molecules by in silico screening 18 million compounds from the ZINC20 library, followed by the biological validation of 163 predicted compounds to confirm 15 new Lin28 inhibitors. We report three lead compounds, Ln7, Ln15, and Ln115, that target the ZKD of both Lin28A and Lin28B isoforms and block Lin28 from binding Let-7. They restore Let-7 expression and suppress tumor oncogenes such as SOX2 in cancer cells and show strong inhibitory effects on cancer cell stem-like phenotypes. However, minimal impacts of these compounds were observed on Lin28-negative cells, confirming the on-target effects of these compounds. We conclude from this study the discovery of several new Lin28 inhibitors as promising candidate compounds that warrant further drug development into potential anticancer therapies.
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Targeting the "undruggable": RNA-binding proteins in the spotlight in cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:69-83. [PMID: 35772609 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tumors refractory to conventional therapy belong to specific subpopulations of cancer cells, which have acquired a higher number of mutations/epigenetic changes than the majority of cancer cells. This property provides them the ability to become resistant to therapy. Aberrant expression of certain RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can regulate the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs by binding to specific regions present in the 3´-UTR of certain mRNAs to promote or repress mRNA translation or by interacting with other proteins (including RBPs) and non-coding RNAs that are part of ribonucleoprotein complexes. In particular, an increasing interest in the RBPs involved in chemoresistance has recently emerged. In this review, we discuss how RBPs are not only affected by chemotherapeutic treatments, but also play an active role in therapeutic responses via the direct modulation of crucial cancer-related proteins. A special focus is being placed on the development of therapeutic strategies targeting these RBPs.
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RNA-binding proteins: Underestimated contributors in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:431-444. [PMID: 35124196 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
mRNA export, translation, splicing, cleavage or capping determine mRNA stability, which represents one of the primary aspects regulating gene expression and function. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind to their target mRNAs to regulate multiple cell functions by increasing or reducing their stability. In recent decades, studies of the role of RBPs in tumorigenesis have revealed an increasing number of proteins impacting the prognosis, diagnosis and cancer treatment. Several RBPs have been identified based on their interactions with oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in human cancers, which are involved in apoptosis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), DNA repair, autophagy, cell proliferation, immune response, metabolism, and the regulation of noncoding RNAs. In this review, we propose a model showing how RBP mutations influence tumorigenesis, and we update the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism by which RBPs regulate cancer. Special attention is being devoted to RBPs that represent prognostic and diagnostic factors in cancer patients.
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Zhang J, Yang K, Bu J, Yan J, Hu X, Liu K, Gao S, Tang S, Gao L, Chen W. IGF2BP3 promotes progression of gallbladder carcinoma by stabilizing KLK5 mRNA in N6-methyladenosine-dependent binding. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1035871. [PMID: 36313631 PMCID: PMC9606626 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1035871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have reported that IGF2BP3 is linked to the pathogenesis of various malignancies. Since IGF2BP3 is associated with poor outcomes of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), we aimed to explore the association between its N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation and GBC progression. Methods Bioinformatic analysis of GSE136982, GSE104165, and RNA-seq was performed. In vitro and in vivo gain- and loss-of-function assays were done. qPCR, Western blotting, and IHC were conducted in cells or in collected clinical tissue samples. RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA stability measurement, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed in this study. Results The expression of IGF2BP3 was higher in GBC tissues than in peritumoral tissues. Functions such as cell proliferation and migration, both in vitro and in vivo, were inhibited by downregulation of IGF2BP3. The analysis of RNA-seq indicated that KLK5 was a downstream target of IGF2BP3. The expression of KLK5 was measured in GBC cells and tumor samples. It was found to be positively correlated with IGF2BP3 level. Upon IGF2BP3 depletion, ectopic expression of KLK5 could rescue cell function in part. Mechanistically, we found that IGF2BP3 directly binds to KLK5 mRNA and regulates its stability in an m6A-dependent manner. As a result, inhibition of KLK5 decreased the expression of PAR2, and deregulated phospho-Akt. Using bioinformatic prediction combined with miRNA microarray analysis, we identified that let-7g-5p is an inhibitor of IGF2BP3, and let-7g-5p expression was negatively correlated with IGF2BP3. Overexpression of let-7g-5p affected the aggressive phenotype of GBC cells by deregulating IGF2BP3, and inhibiting the KLK5/PAR2/AKT axis. Conclusions Our data showed that IGF2BP3 is associated with the aggressive phenotype of GBC. Mechanistically, IGF2BP3 activated the PAR2/AKT axis by stabilizing KLK5 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner. The loss of let-7g-5p enhanced the expression of IGF2BP3 and improved GBC progression. Thus, IGF2BP3 plays a crucial role in GBC, and the let-7g-5p/IGF2BP3/KLK5/PAR2 axis may be a therapeutic target for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaini Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Bu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Yan
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Hu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuibin Tang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Department of Pathology, Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Chen, ; Lili Gao,
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Chen, ; Lili Gao,
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Lin Z, Radaeva M, Cherkasov A, Dong X. Lin28 Regulates Cancer Cell Stemness for Tumour Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4640. [PMID: 36230562 PMCID: PMC9564245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours develop therapy resistance through complex mechanisms, one of which is that cancer stem cell (CSC) populations within the tumours present self-renewable capability and phenotypical plasticity to endure therapy-induced stress conditions and allow tumour progression to the therapy-resistant state. Developing therapeutic strategies to cope with CSCs requires a thorough understanding of the critical drivers and molecular mechanisms underlying the aforementioned processes. One such hub regulator of stemness is Lin28, an RNA-binding protein. Lin28 blocks the synthesis of let-7, a tumour-suppressor microRNA, and acts as a global regulator of cell differentiation and proliferation. Lin28also targets messenger RNAs and regulates protein translation. In this review, we explain the role of the Lin28/let-7 axis in establishing stemness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and glucose metabolism reprogramming. We also highlight the role of Lin28 in therapy-resistant prostate cancer progression and discuss the emergence of Lin28-targeted therapeutics and screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohui Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Food and Land Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mariia Radaeva
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
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Chan JNM, Sánchez-Vidaña DI, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Li Y, Benson Wui-Man L. RNA-binding protein signaling in adult neurogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:982549. [PMID: 36187492 PMCID: PMC9523427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.982549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of neurogenesis in the brain, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and maturation, results in the formation of new functional neurons. During embryonic development, neurogenesis is crucial to produce neurons to establish the nervous system, but the process persists in certain brain regions during adulthood. In adult neurogenesis, the production of new neurons in the hippocampus is accomplished via the division of neural stem cells. Neurogenesis is regulated by multiple factors, including gene expression at a temporal scale and post-transcriptional modifications. RNA-binding Proteins (RBPs) are known as proteins that bind to either double- or single-stranded RNA in cells and form ribonucleoprotein complexes. The involvement of RBPs in neurogenesis is crucial for modulating gene expression changes and posttranscriptional processes. Since neurogenesis affects learning and memory, RBPs are closely associated with cognitive functions and emotions. However, the pathways of each RBP in adult neurogenesis remain elusive and not clear. In this review, we specifically summarize the involvement of several RBPs in adult neurogenesis, including CPEB3, FXR2, FMRP, HuR, HuD, Lin28, Msi1, Sam68, Stau1, Smaug2, and SOX2. To understand the role of these RBPs in neurogenesis, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and maturation as well as posttranscriptional gene expression, we discussed the protein family, structure, expression, functional domain, and region of action. Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the RBPs, their function, and their role in the process of adult neurogenesis as well as to identify possible research directions on RBPs and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Ngai-Man Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dalinda Isabel Sánchez-Vidaña
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lau Benson Wui-Man
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Lau Benson Wui-Man,
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Jouan Y, Bouchemla Z, Bardèche-Trystram B, Sana J, Andrique C, Ea HK, Richette P, Latourte A, Cohen-Solal M, Hay E. Lin28a induces SOX9 and chondrocyte reprogramming via HMGA2 and blunts cartilage loss in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn3106. [PMID: 36026443 PMCID: PMC9417174 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage has low regenerative capacity despite permanent stress. Irreversible cartilage lesions characterize osteoarthritis (OA); this is not followed by tissue repair. Lin28a, an RNA binding protein, is detected in damaged cartilage in humans and mice. We investigated the role of LIN28a in cartilage physiology and in osteoarthritis. Lin28a-inducible conditional cartilage deletion up-regulated Mmp13 in intact mice and exacerbated the cartilage destruction in OA mice. Lin28a-specific cartilage overexpression protected mice against cartilage breakdown, stimulated chondrocyte proliferation and the expression of Prg4 and Sox9, and down-regulated Mmp13. Lin28a overexpression inhibited Let-7b and Let-7c miRNA levels while RNA-sequencing analysis revealed five genes of transcriptional factors regulated by Let-7. Moreover, Lin28a overexpression up-regulated HMGA2 and activated SOX9 transcription, a factor required for chondrocyte reprogramming. HMGA2 siRNA knockdown inhibited the cartilage protective effect of Lin28a overexpression. This study provides insights into a new pathway including the Lin28a-Let7 axis, thus promoting chondrocyte anabolism in injured cartilage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Jouan
- Bioscar UMR Inserm 1132 and Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Zohra Bouchemla
- Bioscar UMR Inserm 1132 and Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Joanna Sana
- Bioscar UMR Inserm 1132 and Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Andrique
- Bioscar UMR Inserm 1132 and Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Hang-Korng Ea
- Bioscar UMR Inserm 1132 and Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
- Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Richette
- Bioscar UMR Inserm 1132 and Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
- Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Augustin Latourte
- Bioscar UMR Inserm 1132 and Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Bioscar UMR Inserm 1132 and Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
- Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Eric Hay
- Bioscar UMR Inserm 1132 and Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
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28
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Abstract
Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, and poses a threat to human health. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute most transcripts, but they cannot be translated into proteins. Studies have shown that ncRNAs can act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. This review describes the role of several ncRNAs in various cancers, including microRNAs (miRNAs) such as the miR-34 family, let-7, miR-17-92 cluster, miR-210, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) such as HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), H19, NF-κB-interacting lncRNA (NKILA), as well as circular RNAs (circRNAs) and untranslated regions (UTRs), highlighting their effects on cancer growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. They function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes that interfere with different axes and pathways, including p53 and IL-6, which are involved in the progression of cancer. The characteristic expression of some ncRNAs in cancer also allows them to be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic candidates. There is a complex network of interactions between ncRNAs, with some lncRNAs and circRNAs acting as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to decoy miRNAs and repress their expression. The ceRNA network is a part of the ncRNA network and numerous ncRNAs work as nodes or hubs in the network, and disruption of their interactions can cause cancer development. Therefore, the balance and stabilization of this network are important for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhang
- Experimental Centre of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Queen Mary College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meiwen Yang
- Department of Surgery, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shulong Yang
- Department of Physiology, Key Research Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Fenfang Hong (e-mail: ); Shulong Yang (e-mail: )
| | - Fenfang Hong
- Experimental Centre of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Fenfang Hong (e-mail: ); Shulong Yang (e-mail: )
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Parayath NN, Gandham SK, Amiji MM. Tumor-targeted miRNA nanomedicine for overcoming challenges in immunity and therapeutic resistance. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1355-1373. [PMID: 36255330 PMCID: PMC9706370 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNA are critical messengers in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that influence various processes leading to immune suppression, tumor progression, metastasis and resistance. Strategies to modulate miRNAs in the TME have important implications in overcoming these challenges. However, miR delivery to specific cells in the TME has been challenging. This review discusses nanomedicine strategies to achieve cell-specific delivery of miRNAs. The key goal of delivery is to activate the tumor immune landscape as well as to prevent chemotherapy resistance. Specifically, the use of hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticle miRNA delivery to the TME is discussed. The discussion is focused on miRNA-125b for reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages to overcome immunosuppression and miRNA-let-7b to overcome resistance to anticancer chemotherapeutics because both these miRNAs have been extensively evaluated for delivery with hyaluronic acid-based delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha N Parayath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Srujan K Gandham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 617 373 3137;
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30
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Liu Z, Yu X, Xu L, Li Y, Zeng C. Current insight into the regulation of PD-L1 in cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:44. [PMID: 35907881 PMCID: PMC9338491 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying cancer immune escape are a core topic in cancer immunology research. Cancer cells can escape T cell-mediated cellular cytotoxicity by exploiting the inhibitory programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1, CD274) immune checkpoint. Studying the PD-L1 regulatory pattern of tumor cells will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of tumor immune evasion and improve cancer treatment. Recent studies have found that tumor cells regulate PD-L1 at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels and influence the anti-tumor immune response by regulating PD-L1. In this review, we focus on the regulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells and summarize the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuandi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xibao Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chengwu Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang L, Cai X, Dai Y, Chen Y, Yu J, Zhou Y. Targeting the lncRNA FGD5-AS1/miR-497-5p/PD-L1 Axis Inhibits Malignant Phenotypes in Colon Cancer (CC). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1133332. [PMID: 35845947 PMCID: PMC9279048 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1133332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate cancer progression and drug resistance. However, the role of lncRNA FGD5-AS1 in regulating colon cancer (CC) progression is still largely unknown. Hence, this study investigated the role of lncRNA FGD5-AS1 in regulating colon cancer (CC) progression and found that lncRNA FGD5-AS1 regulated miR-497-5p/PD-L1 axis to promote cancer progression in CC cells in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, we found that lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and PD-L1 tended to be high-expressed, while miR-497-5p was low-expressed in CC tissues and cell lines compared to the normal adjacent tissues and cells. Next, we found that lncRNA FGD5-AS1 positively regulated PD-L1 in CC cells by sponging miR-497-5p. Finally, our gain- and loss-of-function experiments evidenced that the lncRNA FGD5-AS1/miR-497-5p/PD-L1 axis regulates CC progression. Functionally, the data suggested that lncRNA FGD5-AS1 positively regulated while miR-497-5p negatively modulated malignant phenotypes, including cell proliferation, viability, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumorigenesis in CC cells. Interestingly, the inhibiting effects of lncRNA FGD5-AS1 ablation on CC development were abrogated by both silencing miR-497-5p and upregulating PD-L1. This study found that lncRNA FGD5-AS1 sponged miR-497-5p to upregulate PD-L1, resulting in CC progression, and provided novel agents for CC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- The Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunzhou Road No. 519, Kunming City, 650100 Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- The Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunzhou Road No. 519, Kunming City, 650100 Yunnan Province, China
| | - Youguo Dai
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunzhou Road No. 519, Kunming City, 650100 Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yun Chen
- The Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunzhou Road No. 519, Kunming City, 650100 Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jing Yu
- The Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunzhou Road No. 519, Kunming City, 650100 Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yongchun Zhou
- Molecular Diagnosis Center of Yunnan Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunzhou Road No. 519, Kunming City, 650100 Yunnan Province, China
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LIN28 Family in Testis: Control of Cell Renewal, Maturation, Fertility and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137245. [PMID: 35806250 PMCID: PMC9266904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive development starts early in the embryogenesis with somatic and germ cell differentiation in the testis. The LIN28 family of RNA-binding proteins promoting pluripotency has two members—LIN28A and LIN28B. Their function in the testis has been investigated but many questions about their exact role based on the expression patterns remain unclear. LIN28 expression is detected in the gonocytes and the migrating, mitotically active germ cells of the fetal testis. Postnatal expression of LIN28 A and B showed differential expression, with LIN28A expressed in the undifferentiated spermatogonia and LIN28B in the elongating spermatids and Leydig cells. LIN28 interferes with many signaling pathways, leading to cell proliferation, and it is involved in important testicular physiological processes, such as cell renewal, maturation, fertility, and aging. In addition, aberrant LIN28 expression is associated with testicular cancer and testicular disorders, such as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Klinefelter’s syndrome. This comprehensive review encompasses current knowledge of the function of LIN28 paralogs in testis and other tissues and cells because many studies suggest LIN28AB as a promising target for developing novel therapeutic agents.
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Byun WG, Lim D, Park SB. Small-molecule modulators of protein–RNA interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 68:102149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wu K, Ahmad T, Eri R. LIN28A: A multifunctional versatile molecule with future therapeutic potential. World J Biol Chem 2022; 13:35-46. [PMID: 35432768 PMCID: PMC8966501 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v13.i2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An RNA-binding protein, LIN28A was initially discovered in nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and regulated stem cell differentiation and proliferation. With the aid of mouse models and cancer stem cells models, LIN28A demonstrated a similar role in mammalian stem cells. Subsequent studies revealed LIN28A’s roles in regulating cell cycle and growth, tissue repair, and metabolism, especially glucose metabolism. Through regulation by pluripotency and neurotrophic factors, LIN28A performs these roles through let-7 dependent (binding to let-7) or independent (binding directly to mature mRNA) pathways. Elevated LIN28A levels are associated with cancers such as breast, colon, and ovarian cancers. Overexpressed LIN28A has been implicated in liver diseases and Rett syndrome whereas loss of LIN28A was linked to Parkinson’s disease. LIN28A inhibitors, LIN28A-specific nanobodies, and deubiquitinases targeting LIN28A could be feasible options for cancer treatments while drugs upregulating LIN28A could be used in regenerative therapy for neuropathies. We will review the upstream and downstream signalling pathways of LIN28A and its physiological functions. Then, we will examine current research and gaps in research regarding its mechanisms in conditions such as cancers, liver diseases, and neurological diseases. We will also look at the therapeutic potential of LIN28A in RNA-targeted therapies including small interfering RNAs and RNA-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Tauseef Ahmad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
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Pei H, Guo W, Peng Y, Xiong H, Chen Y. Targeting key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation for cancer therapy: Current strategies and future prospective. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1607-1660. [PMID: 35312190 DOI: 10.1002/med.21886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation play convergent roles in cellular homeostasis, and their dysfunction mediates aberrant gene expressions that underline the hallmarks of tumorigenesis. As tumor progression is dependent on such abnormal regulation of transcription, it is important to discover novel chemical entities as antitumor drugs that target key tumor-associated proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. Despite most key proteins (especially transcription factors) involved in transcriptional regulation are historically recognized as undruggable targets, multiple targeting approaches at diverse levels of transcriptional regulation, such as epigenetic intervention, inhibition of DNA-binding of transcriptional factors, and inhibition of the protein-protein interactions (PPIs), have been established in preclinically or clinically studies. In addition, several new approaches have recently been described, such as targeting proteasomal degradation and eliciting synthetic lethality. This review will emphasize on accentuating these developing therapeutic approaches and provide a thorough conspectus of the drug development to target key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation and their impact on future oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Pei
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weikai Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yangrui Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Xiong
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Bruns IB, Beltman JB. Quantifying the contribution of transcription factor activity, mutations and microRNAs to CD274 expression in cancer patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4374. [PMID: 35289334 PMCID: PMC8921511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis have been remarkably successful in inducing tumor remissions in several human cancers, yet a substantial number of patients do not respond to treatment. Because this may be partially due to the mechanisms giving rise to high PD-L1 expression within a patient, it is highly relevant to fully understand these mechanisms. In this study, we conduct a bioinformatic analysis to quantify the relative importance of transcription factor (TF) activity, microRNAs (miRNAs) and mutations in determining PD-L1 (CD274) expression at mRNA level based on data from the Cancer Genome Atlas. To predict individual CD274 levels based on TF activity, we developed multiple linear regression models by taking the expression of target genes of the TFs known to directly target PD-L1 as independent variables. This analysis showed that IRF1, STAT1, NFKB and BRD4 are the most important regulators of CD274 expression, explaining its mRNA levels in 90–98% of the patients. Because the remaining patients had high CD274 levels independent of these TFs, we next investigated whether mutations associated with increased CD274 mRNA levels, and low levels of miRNAs associated with negative regulation of CD274 expression could cause high CD274 levels in these patients. We found that mutations or miRNAs offered an explanation for high CD274 levels in 81–100% of the underpredicted patients. Thus, CD274 expression is largely explained by TF activity, and the remaining unexplained cases can largely be explained by mutations or low miRNA abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke B Bruns
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joost B Beltman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Fan Z, Wu C, Chen M, Jiang Y, Wu Y, Mao R, Fan Y. The generation of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in cancer cells: From nuclear chromatin reorganization to extracellular presentation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1041-1053. [PMID: 35530130 PMCID: PMC9069407 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting on PD-1/PD-L1 has shown remarkable promise in treating cancers. However, the low response rate and frequently observed severe side effects limit its broad benefits. It is partially due to less understanding of the biological regulation of PD-L1. Here, we systematically and comprehensively summarized the regulation of PD-L1 from nuclear chromatin reorganization to extracellular presentation. In PD-L1 and PD-L2 highly expressed cancer cells, a new TAD (topologically associating domain) (chr9: 5,400,000-5,600,000) around CD274 and CD273 was discovered, which includes a reported super-enhancer to drive synchronous transcription of PD-L1 and PD-L2. The re-shaped TAD allows transcription factors such as STAT3 and IRF1 recruit to PD-L1 locus in order to guide the expression of PD-L1. After transcription, the PD-L1 is tightly regulated by miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins via the long 3'UTR. At translational level, PD-L1 protein and its membrane presentation are tightly regulated by post-translational modification such as glycosylation and ubiquitination. In addition, PD-L1 can be secreted via exosome to systematically inhibit immune response. Therefore, fully dissecting the regulation of PD-L1/PD-L2 and thoroughly detecting PD-L1/PD-L2 as well as their regulatory networks will bring more insights in ICB and ICB-based combinational therapy.
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Key Words
- 3′-UTR, 3′-untranslated region
- ADAM17, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- AREs, adenylate and uridylate (AU)-rich elements
- ATF3, activating transcription factor 3
- CD273/274, cluster of differentiation 273/274
- CDK4, cyclin-dependent kinase 4
- CMTM6, CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6
- CSN5, COP9 signalosome subunit 5
- CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- Exosome
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- GSDMC, Gasdermin C
- GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
- HSF1, heat shock transcription factor 1
- Hi-C, high throughput chromosome conformation capture
- ICB, immune checkpoint blockade
- IFN, interferon
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IRF1, interferon regulatory factor 1
- Immune checkpoint blockade
- JAK, Janus kinase 1
- NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- OTUB1, OTU deubiquitinase, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1
- PARP1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
- PD-1, programmed cell death-1
- PD-L1
- PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1
- PD-L2
- PD-L2, programmed death ligand 2
- Post-transcriptional regulation
- Post-translational regulation
- SP1, specificity protein 1
- SPOP, speckle-type POZ protein
- STAG2, stromal antigen 2
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TADs, topologically associating domains
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TFs, transcription factors
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- TTP, tristetraprolin
- Topologically associating domain
- Transcription
- UCHL1, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1
- USP22, ubiquitin specific peptidase 22
- dMMR, deficient DNA mismatch repair
- irAEs, immune related adverse events
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Fan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Changyue Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yongying Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Renfang Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Yihui Fan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Chen JY, Chen YJ, Liu L, Jin XX, Shen Z, Chen WB, Yang T, Xu SB, Wang GB, Cheng YN, Cheng DZ, Liu ZG, Zheng XH. C1632 suppresses the migration and proliferation of non-small-cell lung cancer cells involving LIN28 and FGFR1 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:422-435. [PMID: 34913237 PMCID: PMC8743659 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance and migration represent major obstacles in the therapy of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer patients in clinic. In the present study, we report that the compound C1632 is preferentially distributed in the lung after oral administration in vivo with high bioavailability and limited inhibitory effects on CYP450 isoenzymes. We found that C1632 could simultaneously inhibit the expression of LIN28 and block FGFR1 signalling transduction in NSCLC A549 and A549R cells, resulting in significant decreases in the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐9. Consequently, C1632 effectively inhibited the migration and invasion of A549 and A549R cells. Meanwhile, C1632 significantly suppressed the cell viability and the colony formation of A549 and A549R cells by inhibiting DNA replication and inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, compared with A549 cells, C1632 possesses the same or even better anti‐migration and anti‐proliferation effects on A549R cells, regardless of drug resistance. In addition, C1632 also displayed the capacity to inhibit the growth of A549R xenograft tumours in mice. Altogether, these findings reveal the potential of C1632 as a promising anti‐NSCLC agent, especially for chemotherapy‐resistant NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Jing Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Bin Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Teng Yang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Si-Bei Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang-Bao Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Nuo Cheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - De-Zhi Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Perri P, Ponzoni M, Corrias MV, Ceccherini I, Candiani S, Bachetti T. A Focus on Regulatory Networks Linking MicroRNAs, Transcription Factors and Target Genes in Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5528. [PMID: 34771690 PMCID: PMC8582685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system that substantially contributes to childhood cancer mortality. NB originates from neural crest cells (NCCs) undergoing a defective sympathetic neuronal differentiation and although the starting events leading to the development of NB remain to be fully elucidated, the master role of genetic alterations in key oncogenes has been ascertained: (1) amplification and/or over-expression of MYCN, which is strongly associated with tumor progression and invasion; (2) activating mutations, amplification and/or over-expression of ALK, which is involved in tumor initiation, angiogenesis and invasion; (3) amplification and/or over-expression of LIN28B, promoting proliferation and suppression of neuroblast differentiation; (4) mutations and/or over-expression of PHOX2B, which is involved in the regulation of NB differentiation, stemness maintenance, migration and metastasis. Moreover, altered microRNA (miRNA) expression takes part in generating pathogenetic networks, in which the regulatory loops among transcription factors, miRNAs and target genes lead to complex and aberrant oncogene expression that underlies the development of a tumor. In this review, we have focused on the circuitry linking the oncogenic transcription factors MYCN and PHOX2B with their transcriptional targets ALK and LIN28B and the tumor suppressor microRNAs let-7, miR-34 and miR-204, which should act as down-regulators of their expression. We have also looked at the physiologic role of these genetic and epigenetic determinants in NC development, as well as in terminal differentiation, with their pathogenic dysregulation leading to NB oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Perri
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Maria Valeria Corrias
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Isabella Ceccherini
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Simona Candiani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Bachetti
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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Zhang Q, Pan J, Xiong D, Wang Y, Miller MS, Sei S, Shoemaker RH, Izzotti A, You M. Pulmonary Aerosol Delivery of Let-7b microRNA Confers a Striking Inhibitory Effect on Lung Carcinogenesis through Targeting the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100629. [PMID: 34236760 PMCID: PMC8425922 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are potential candidates for lung cancer prevention and therapy. A major limitation is the lack of an efficient delivery system to directly deliver miRNA to cancer cells while limiting systemic exposure. The delivery of miRNA via inhalation is a potential strategy for lung cancer prevention in high-risk individuals. In this study, the authors investigate the efficacy of aerosolized let-7b miRNA treatment in lung cancer prevention. Let-7b shows significant inhibition of B[a]P-induced lung adenoma with no detectable side effects. Single-cell RNA sequencing of tumor-infiltrating T cells from primary tumors reveals that Let-7b post-transcriptionally suppresses PD-L1 and PD-1 expression in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting that let-7b miRNAs may promote antitumor immunity in vivo. Let-7b treatment decreases the expression of PD-1 in CD8+ T cells and reduces PD-L1 expression in lung tumor cells. The results suggest that this aerosolized let-7b mimic is a promising approach for lung cancer prevention, and that the in vivo tumor inhibitory effects of let-7b are mediated, at least in part, by immune-promoting effects via downregulating PD-L1 in tumors and/or PD-1 on CD8+ T cells. These changes potentiate antitumor CD8+ T cell immune responses, and ultimately lead to tumor inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Center for Disease Prevention ResearchMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Present address:
Center for Cancer Prevention, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX 77030USA
| | - Jing Pan
- Center for Disease Prevention ResearchMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Present address:
Center for Cancer Prevention, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX 77030USA
| | - Donghai Xiong
- Center for Disease Prevention ResearchMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Present address:
Center for Cancer Prevention, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX 77030USA
| | - Yian Wang
- Center for Disease Prevention ResearchMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Present address:
Center for Cancer Prevention, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX 77030USA
| | - Mark Steven Miller
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research GroupDivision of Cancer PreventionNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Shizuko Sei
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research GroupDivision of Cancer PreventionNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Robert H. Shoemaker
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research GroupDivision of Cancer PreventionNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of GenoaGenoa16132Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoa16132Italy
| | - Ming You
- Center for Disease Prevention ResearchMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Present address:
Center for Cancer Prevention, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX 77030USA
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Divisato G, Piscitelli S, Elia M, Cascone E, Parisi S. MicroRNAs and Stem-like Properties: The Complex Regulation Underlying Stemness Maintenance and Cancer Development. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081074. [PMID: 34439740 PMCID: PMC8393604 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the extraordinary properties to indefinitely proliferate and self-renew in culture to produce different cell progeny through differentiation. This latter process recapitulates embryonic development and requires rounds of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is characterized by the loss of the epithelial features and the acquisition of the typical phenotype of the mesenchymal cells. In pathological conditions, EMT can confer stemness or stem-like phenotypes, playing a role in the tumorigenic process. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation, found in the tumor tissues, with stem-like properties such as uncontrolled proliferation, self-renewal, and ability to differentiate into different cell types. ESCs and CSCs share numerous features (pluripotency, self-renewal, expression of stemness genes, and acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal features), and most of them are under the control of microRNAs (miRNAs). These small molecules have relevant roles during both embryogenesis and cancer development. The aim of this review was to recapitulate molecular mechanisms shared by ESCs and CSCs, with a special focus on the recently identified classes of microRNAs (noncanonical miRNAs, mirtrons, isomiRs, and competitive endogenous miRNAs) and their complex functions during embryogenesis and cancer development.
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42
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Shrivastava G, Aljabali AA, Shahcheraghi SH, Lotfi M, Shastri MD, Shukla SD, Chellappan DK, Jha NK, Anand K, Dureja H, Pabari RM, Mishra V, Almutary AG, Alnuqaydan AM, Charbe N, Prasher P, Negi P, Goyal R, Dua K, Gupta G, Serrano-Aroca Á, Bahar B, Barh D, Panda PK, Takayama K, Lundstrom K, McCarron P, Bakshi H, Tambuwala MM. Targeting LIN28: a new hope in prostate cancer theranostics. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3873-3880. [PMID: 34263659 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality and morbidity rates for prostate cancer have recently increased to alarming levels, rising higher than lung cancer. Due to a lack of drug targets and molecular probes, existing theranostic techniques are limited. Human LIN28A and its paralog LIN28B overexpression are associated with a number of tumors resulting in a remarkable increase in cancer aggression and poor prognoses. The current review aims to highlight recent work identifying the key roles of LIN28A and LIN28B in prostate cancer, and to instigate further preclinical and clinical research in this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Shrivastava
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Alaa Aa Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid-Jordan
| | - Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Marzieh Lotfi
- Abortion Research Centre, Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Madhur D Shastri
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Shakti D Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Dinesh K Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences & National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM University, Hyderabad 502329, India
| | - Ritesh M Pabari
- RCSI, University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alnuqaydan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nitin Charbe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials & Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Mártir, Valencia 46001, Spain
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- International Institute of Nutritional Sciences & Food Safety Studies, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for IPS Cell Research & Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | | | - Paul McCarron
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Hamid Bakshi
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
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let-7 microRNAs: Their Role in Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases, Inflammation, Cancer, and Their Regulation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060606. [PMID: 34073513 PMCID: PMC8227213 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The let-7 family is among the first microRNAs found. Recent investigations have indicated that it is highly expressed in many systems, including cerebral and cardiovascular systems. Numerous studies have implicated the aberrant expression of let-7 members in cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac fibrosis, and atherosclerosis as well as in the inflammation related to these diseases. Furthermore, the let-7 microRNAs are involved in development and differentiation of embryonic stem cells in the cardiovascular system. Numerous genes have been identified as target genes of let-7, as well as a number of the let-7’ regulators. Further studies are necessary to identify the gene targets and signaling pathways of let-7 in cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory processes. The bulk of the let-7’ regulatory proteins are well studied in development, proliferation, differentiation, and cancer, but their roles in inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and/or stroke are not well understood. Further knowledge on the regulation of let-7 is crucial for therapeutic advances. This review focuses on research progress regarding the roles of let-7 and their regulation in cerebral and cardiovascular diseases and associated inflammation.
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Karkhane M, Lashgarian HE, Hormozi M, Fallahi S, Cheraghipour K, Marzban A. Oncogenesis and Tumor Inhibition by MicroRNAs and its Potential Therapeutic Applications: A Systematic Review. Microrna 2021; 9:198-215. [PMID: 31686643 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666191104103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs appear as small molecule modifiers, which improve many new findings and mechanical illustrations for critically important biological phenomena and pathologic events. The best-characterized non-coding RNA family consists of about 2600 human microRNAs. Rich evidence has revealed their crucial importance in maintaining normal development, differentiation, growth control, aging, modulation of cell survival or apoptosis, as well as migration and metastasis as microRNAs dysregulation leads to cancer incidence and progression. By far, microRNAs have recently emerged as attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. The rationale for developing microRNA therapeutics is based on the premise that aberrantly expressed microRNAs play a significant role in the emergence of a variety of human diseases ranging from cardiovascular defects to cancer, and that repairing these microRNA deficiencies by either antagonizing or restoring microRNA function may yield a therapeutic benefit. Although microRNA antagonists are conceptually similar to other inhibitory therapies, improving the performance of microRNAs by microRNA replacement or inhibition that is a less well- described attitude. In this assay, we have condensed the last global knowledge and concepts regarding the involvement of microRNAs in cancer emergence, which has been achieved from the previous studies, consisting of the regulation of key cancer-related pathways, such as cell cycle control and the DNA damage response and the disruption of profile expression in human cancer. Here, we have reviewed the special characteristics of microRNA replacement and inhibition therapies and discussed explorations linked with the delivery of microRNA mimics in turmeric cells. Besides, the achievement of biomarkers based on microRNAs in clinics is considered as novel non-invasive biomarkers in diagnostic and prognostic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karkhane
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Esmaeil Lashgarian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Hormozi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Kourosh Cheraghipour
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abdolrazagh Marzban
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Peptide-based and small molecule PD-1 and PD-L1 pharmacological modulators in the treatment of cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 227:107870. [PMID: 33895183 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is an option to enhance physiological defence mechanism to fight cancer, where natural substances (e.g., antigen/antibody) or small synthetic molecule can be utilized to improve and restore the immune system to stop or slacken the development of malignant cells, stop metastasis and/or help the immune response with synthetic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and tumour-agnostic therapy to eliminate cancer cells. Interaction between the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor (programmed cell death protein 1, PD-1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) linked signalling pathways have been identified as perilous towards the body's immune mechanism in regulating the progression of cancer. It is known that certain cancers use these pathways to evade the body's defence mechanism. The immune system is capable of responding to cancer by stalling these trails with specific synthetic antibodies or immune checkpoint inhibitors, which can ultimately either stop or slow cancer cell development. Recent findings and data suggested that using such inhibitors invigorated a new approach to cancer treatment. These inhibitors usually activate the immune system to identify and eliminate cancer cells rather than attacking tumour cells directly. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have already been substantiated for their efficacy in over twenty variations of cancer through different clinical trials. Studies on molecular interaction with existing PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors that are mainly dominated by antibodies are constantly generating new ideas to develop novel inhibitors. This review has summarised information on reported and/or patented small molecules and peptides for their ability to interact with the PD-1/PD-L1 as a potential anticancer strategy.
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Ye H, Pan J, Gong E, Cai X, Xu C, Li Y, Zheng H, Cao Z. Inhibitory Effect of Immunologically Activated Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Lung Cancer Cell Growth and Metastasis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021. [PMID: 33769841 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells. The authors' study aimed to investigate the effects of immunologically activated human umbilical cord (HUC)-MSCs on A549 lung cancer cells. Materials and Methods: HUC-MSCs were separated from the umbilical cord using the adherence method. Surface markers of HUC-MSCs were detected by flow cytometry for MSC identification. Imiquimod (TLR7 agonist) was incubated with HUC-MSCs for immune activation, and the expression of MSC-specific markers and immune inflammatory molecules was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. HUC A549 cells were cocultured with HUC-MSCs treated with imiquimod, siTLR7 (small interfering RNA for TLR7) or TLR7 overexpression, and then cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion, and the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and NF-κB was investigated using MTT assay, clone formation assay, transwell assay, and western blot, respectively. Results: HUC-MSCs were identified as positive for CD73, CD105, CD44, CD29, and CD90. Expression of MSC markers was inhibited, while those of immune inflammatory molecules expression except IL-6 (interleukin-6) was enhanced after MSCs were immunologically activated by imiquimod. After being cocultured with HUC-MSCs treated with imiquimod or overexpressed TLR7, cell viability, proliferation, and metastasis, and the phosphorylation of P65 and AKT in A549 cells were decreased, but apoptosis was increased, while siTLR7 showed the opposite effect HUC. Conclusions: Immunologically activated HUC-MSCs inhibited the growth and metastasis, yet, promoted the apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells via regulating the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ye
- Department of Medical Examination Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Jiongwei Pan
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Enhui Gong
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Xiaoping Cai
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Cunlai Xu
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Zhuo Cao
- Department of Respiration, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, People's Hospital of Longquan, Lishui, China
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Mehlman C, Takam Kamga P, Costantini A, Julié C, Dumenil C, Dumoulin J, Ouaknine J, Giraud V, Chinet T, Emile JF, Giroux Leprieur E. Baseline Hedgehog Pathway Activation and Increase of Plasma Wnt1 Protein Are Associated with Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051107. [PMID: 33807552 PMCID: PMC7962040 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) and Wingless-type (Wnt) pathways are associated with resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in preclinical studies. This study aimed to assess the association between expression and activation levels of Wnt and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathways and resistance to ICIs in advanced NSCLC patients treated with ICI. Hh and Wnt pathways activation was assessed by immunohistochemistry (Gli1 and beta-catenin) on corresponding tumor tissues, and by plasma concentrations of Shh and Wnt (Wnt1, Wnt2 and Wnt3) at ICI introduction and at the first clinical evaluation. Sixty-three patients were included, with 36 patients (57.1%) with available tissue. Response rate was lower in Gli1+ NSCLC (20.0%) compared to Gli1 negative (Gli-) NSCLC (55.6%) (p = 0.015). Rate of primary resistance was 69.8%, vs. 31.2%, respectively (p = 0.04), and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 1.9 months (interquartile range (IQR) 1.2-5.7) vs. 6.1 months (1.6-26.0), respectively (p = 0.08). Median PFS and overall survival were shorter in case of increase of Wnt1 concentration during ICI treatment compared to other patients: 3.9 months vs. 11.2 months (p = 0.008), and 15.3 months vs. not reached (p = 0.003). In conclusion, baseline activation of Hh pathway and increase of Wnt1 concentrations during ICI treatment were associated with poor outcome in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Mehlman
- EA 4340 BECCOH, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (C.M.); (P.T.K.); (A.C.); (C.J.); (T.C.); (J.-F.E.)
| | - Paul Takam Kamga
- EA 4340 BECCOH, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (C.M.); (P.T.K.); (A.C.); (C.J.); (T.C.); (J.-F.E.)
| | - Adrien Costantini
- EA 4340 BECCOH, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (C.M.); (P.T.K.); (A.C.); (C.J.); (T.C.); (J.-F.E.)
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP—Hopital Ambroise Pare, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (C.D.); (J.D.); (J.O.); (V.G.)
| | - Catherine Julié
- EA 4340 BECCOH, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (C.M.); (P.T.K.); (A.C.); (C.J.); (T.C.); (J.-F.E.)
- Department of Pathology, APHP—Hopital Ambroise Pare, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Coraline Dumenil
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP—Hopital Ambroise Pare, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (C.D.); (J.D.); (J.O.); (V.G.)
| | - Jennifer Dumoulin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP—Hopital Ambroise Pare, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (C.D.); (J.D.); (J.O.); (V.G.)
| | - Julia Ouaknine
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP—Hopital Ambroise Pare, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (C.D.); (J.D.); (J.O.); (V.G.)
| | - Violaine Giraud
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP—Hopital Ambroise Pare, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (C.D.); (J.D.); (J.O.); (V.G.)
| | - Thierry Chinet
- EA 4340 BECCOH, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (C.M.); (P.T.K.); (A.C.); (C.J.); (T.C.); (J.-F.E.)
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP—Hopital Ambroise Pare, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (C.D.); (J.D.); (J.O.); (V.G.)
| | - Jean-François Emile
- EA 4340 BECCOH, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (C.M.); (P.T.K.); (A.C.); (C.J.); (T.C.); (J.-F.E.)
- Department of Pathology, APHP—Hopital Ambroise Pare, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Etienne Giroux Leprieur
- EA 4340 BECCOH, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (C.M.); (P.T.K.); (A.C.); (C.J.); (T.C.); (J.-F.E.)
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP—Hopital Ambroise Pare, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (C.D.); (J.D.); (J.O.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-149-095-802; Fax: +33-149-095-806
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Xie C, Chen Y, Luo D, Zhuang Z, Jin H, Zhou H, Li X, Lin H, Zheng X, Zhang J, Wang P, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Huang H. Therapeutic potential of C1632 by inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication and viral-induced inflammation through upregulating let-7. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:84. [PMID: 33619243 PMCID: PMC7897876 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanlian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongling Luo
- Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Heping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoxian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haijun Lin
- Xiamen Innodx Biotech Co., Ltd., Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peihui Wang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Bitaraf A, Razmara E, Bakhshinejad B, Yousefi H, Vatanmakanian M, Garshasbi M, Cho WC, Babashah S. The oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of RNA-binding proteins in human cancers. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6200-6224. [PMID: 33559213 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional regulation is a mechanism for the cells to control gene regulation at the RNA level. In this process, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play central roles and orchestrate the function of RNA molecules in multiple steps. Accumulating evidence has shown that the aberrant regulation of RBPs makes contributions to the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis via numerous mechanisms such as genetic changes, epigenetic alterations, and noncoding RNA-mediated regulations. In this article, we review the effects caused by RBPs and their functional diversity in the malignant transformation of cancer cells that occurs through the involvement of these proteins in various stages of RNA regulation including alternative splicing, stability, polyadenylation, localization, and translation. Besides this, we review the various interactions between RBPs and other crucial posttranscriptional regulators such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of cancer. Finally, we discuss the potential approaches for targeting RBPs in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mousa Vatanmakanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Yao C, Lu X. LncRNA UCA1 attenuated the killing effect of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells on anaplastic thyroid carcinoma via miR-148a/PD-L1 pathway. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2235-2245. [PMID: 33486611 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LncRNAs play an important role in the regulation of the killing effect of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells in various cancers. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of UCA1 in the killing effect of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) are not clear. METHODS UCA1, miR-148a, and PD-L1 expression were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and/or Western blot. The ratio of PD-L1+ATC cells/ATC cells was determined using flow cytometry. The ability of CD8 + T cells to kill target ATC cells was detected by Chromium-51 (51Cr) release assay. The targeted relationship between UCA1 and miR-148a was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS UCA1 and PD-L1 expression levels were elevated in ATC tissues and cells. Silencing UCA1 and PD-L1 enhanced the killing effect of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells on ATC cells. UCA1 negatively regulated the expression of miR-148a, and miR-148a targeted PD-L1 to down-regulate its expression. Besides, we found that UCA1 attenuated the killing effect of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells and reduced cytokine secretion through PD-L1 and miR-148a. Finally, silencing UCA1 or PD-L1 in ATC cells restored the suppression of the killing effect of CD8 + T cells in vivo. CONCLUSION UCA1 attenuated the killing effect of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells on ATC cells through the miR-148a/PD-L1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Rd., Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Thyroid Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Operation Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Rd., Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Thyroid Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuixian Yao
- Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Rd., Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Thyroid Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiubo Lu
- Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Rd., Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Thyroid Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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