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Postic G, Solarz J, Loubière C, Kandiah J, Sawmynaden J, Adam F, Vilaire M, Léger T, Camadro J, Victorino DB, Potier M, Bun E, Moroy G, Kauskot A, Christophe O, Janel N. Over-expression of Dyrk1A affects bleeding by modulating plasma fibronectin and fibrinogen level in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2228-2238. [PMID: 37415307 PMCID: PMC10399536 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality in humans. Patients with Down syndrome have hematologic disorders, including mild to moderate thrombocytopenia. In case of Down syndrome, thrombocytopenia is not associated with bleeding, and it remains poorly characterized regarding molecular mechanisms. We investigated the effects of overexpression of Dyrk1A, an important factor contributing to some major Down syndrome phenotypes, on platelet number and bleeding in mice. Mice overexpressing Dyrk1A have a decrease in platelet number by 20%. However, bleeding time was found to be reduced by 50%. The thrombocytopenia and the decreased bleeding time observed were not associated to an abnormal platelet receptors expression, to a defect of platelet activation by ADP, thrombin or convulxin, to the presence of activated platelets in the circulation or to an abnormal half-life of the platelets. To propose molecular mechanisms explaining this discrepancy, we performed a network analysis of Dyrk1A interactome and demonstrated that Dyrk1A, fibronectin and fibrinogen interact indirectly through two distinct clusters of proteins. Moreover, in mice overexpressing Dyrk1A, increased plasma fibronectin and fibrinogen levels were found, linked to an increase of the hepatic fibrinogen production. Our results indicate that overexpression of Dyrk1A in mice induces decreased bleeding consistent with increased plasma fibronectin and fibrinogen levels, revealing a new role of Dyrk1A depending on its indirect interaction with these two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Solarz
- HITh, UMR_S1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris‐Saclayle Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | - Cécile Loubière
- HITh, UMR_S1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris‐Saclayle Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | | | | | - Frederic Adam
- HITh, UMR_S1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris‐Saclayle Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | | | - Thibaut Léger
- Université Paris Cité, IJM, UMR 7592, CNRSParisFrance
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougeres Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES)FougeresFrance
| | | | - Daniella Balduino Victorino
- ICM Paris Brain Institute, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne University, Hôpital de la Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Marie‐Claude Potier
- ICM Paris Brain Institute, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne University, Hôpital de la Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Eric Bun
- HITh, UMR_S1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris‐Saclayle Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | - Gautier Moroy
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, ERLU1133ParisFrance
| | - Alexandre Kauskot
- HITh, UMR_S1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris‐Saclayle Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | - Olivier Christophe
- HITh, UMR_S1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris‐Saclayle Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
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Al-Kurbi AA, Da'as SI, Aamer W, Krishnamoorthy N, Poggiolini I, Abdelrahman D, Elbashir N, Al-Shabeeb Akil A, Glass GE, Fakhro KA. A recessive variant in SIM2 in a child with complex craniofacial anomalies and global developmental delay. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104455. [PMID: 35182808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rare deletions and duplications on the long arm of Chromosome 21 have previously been reported in many patients with craniofacial and developmental phenotypes. However, this Down Syndrome Critical Region (DSCR) contains multiple genes, making identifying a single causative gene difficult. Here, we report a case of a boy with bicoronal craniosynostosis, facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, and intellectual impairment who was found by whole genome sequencing to have a homozygous missense mutation in the Single-Minded Homolog 2 (SIM2) gene (c.461 A > G, p.Tyr154Cys) within the DSCR. SIM2 encodes an essential bHLH and PAS domain transcription factor expressed during fetal brain development and acts as a master regulator of neurogenesis. This variant is globally very rare, segregates in the family, and is predicted to be highly deleterious by in silico analysis, 3D molecular modeling of protein structure, and functional analysis of zebrafish models. Zebrafish expressing the human SIM2p.Y154C variant displayed a progressed microcephaly-like phenotype and head shape abnormalities. When combined with careful phenotyping of the patient vis-à-vis previously reported cases harboring structural variants in this critical 21q22 region, the data support a pathogenic role of SIM2 in this complex syndrome and demonstrates the utility of next-generation sequencing in prioritizing genes in contiguous deletions/duplications syndromes and diagnosing microarray-negative patients in the craniofacial clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya A Al-Kurbi
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, 34110, Qatar; Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sahar Isa Da'as
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, 34110, Qatar; Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Waleed Aamer
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Doua Abdelrahman
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Najwa Elbashir
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Graeme E Glass
- Division of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, Sidra Medicine, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, 34110, Qatar; Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, 26999, Doha, Qatar; Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, 24144, Qatar.
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Lin D, Fang T, Lin L, He Y, Quan H, Yang J, Chen K, Wei W. A de novo pure 21q22.3 deletion in a 9-year-old boy with buried penis: a case report and literature review. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:2621-2629. [PMID: 34765486 PMCID: PMC8578789 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
21q deletion has been associated with a wide range of clinical signs, from very mild to severe phenotypes, and with the progress of genetic technology, more patients with this deletion are being diagnosed. This study reports on a 9-year-old boy with a terminal deletion of 4.5 Mb on chromosome 21 in the locus of chr21: 43531239-48119895 (GRCh37/hg19). Dark skin, a buried penis, small testes, dental caries, microcephaly, a low auricle, mental and intellectual retardation, balance disorder and pituitary and callosum dysplasia were observed. The results of a literature review and observation of similar abnormalities, including hypoplasia of corpus callosum, in two patients with non-overlapping deletion regions suggest that there are multiple gene loci regulating brain development on 21q. By comparing the overlapped deletion region in 21q22.3 cases of brain anomalies and/or gonadal dysgenesis, we concluded there were two overlapped microdeletion regions (chr21:43531239-43792093 and chr21:46625055-46884297) that may be related to brain and gonadal development. The same 16.49 Mb deletion of chr21:31578129-48119895 (GRCh37/hg19) was shared in 10 cases, and 24 cases shared the same 5.59 Mb deletion of chr21:42478130-48119895 (GRCh37/hg19) in DECIPHER (Database of Chromasomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources), suggesting these were two commonly deleted regions of pure partial 21q. Those patients with the same breakpoints had different phenotypes suggesting the heterogeneity of 21q deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Tuanyu Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Leweihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yangli He
- Department of Health Care Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Huibiao Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jingmin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission (Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning, Science and Technology Research Institute), Chongqing, China
| | - Kaining Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Weiping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Exome sequencing reveals predominantly de novo variants in disorders with intellectual disability (ID) in the founder population of Finland. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1011-1029. [PMID: 33710394 PMCID: PMC8197721 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genetics of autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID) has mainly been studied in consanguineous families, however, founder populations may also be of interest to study intellectual disability (ID) and the contribution of ARID. Here, we used a genotype-driven approach to study the genetic landscape of ID in the founder population of Finland. A total of 39 families with syndromic and non-syndromic ID were analyzed using exome sequencing, which revealed a variant in a known ID gene in 27 families. Notably, 75% of these variants in known ID genes were de novo or suspected de novo (64% autosomal dominant; 11% X-linked) and 25% were inherited (14% autosomal recessive; 7% X-linked; and 4% autosomal dominant). A dual molecular diagnosis was suggested in two families (5%). Via additional analysis and molecular testing, we identified three cases with an abnormal molecular karyotype, including chr21q22.12q22.2 uniparental disomy with a mosaic interstitial 2.7 Mb deletion covering DYRK1A and KCNJ6. Overall, a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was identified in 64% (25/39) of the families. Last, we report an alternate inheritance model for 3 known ID genes (UBA7, DDX47, DHX58) and discuss potential candidate genes for ID, including SYPL1 and ERGIC3 with homozygous founder variants and de novo variants in POLR2F and DNAH3. In summary, similar to other European populations, de novo variants were the most common variants underlying ID in the studied Finnish population, with limited contribution of ARID to ID etiology, though mainly driven by founder and potential founder variation in the latter case.
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Méjécase C, Way CM, Owen N, Moosajee M. Ocular Phenotype Associated with DYRK1A Variants. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:234. [PMID: 33562844 PMCID: PMC7915179 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A or DYRK1A, contributes to central nervous system development in a dose-sensitive manner. Triallelic DYRK1A is implicated in the neuropathology of Down syndrome, whereas haploinsufficiency causes the rare DYRK1A-related intellectual disability syndrome (also known as mental retardation 7). It is characterised by intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder and microcephaly with a typical facial gestalt. Preclinical studies elucidate a role for DYRK1A in eye development and case studies have reported associated ocular pathology. In this study families of the DYRK1A Syndrome International Association were asked to self-report any co-existing ocular abnormalities. Twenty-six patients responded but only 14 had molecular confirmation of a DYRK1A pathogenic variant. A further nineteen patients from the UK Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project were identified and combined with 112 patients reported in the literature for further analysis. Ninety out of 145 patients (62.1%) with heterozygous DYRK1A variants revealed ocular features, these ranged from optic nerve hypoplasia (13%, 12/90), refractive error (35.6%, 32/90) and strabismus (21.1%, 19/90). Patients with DYRK1A variants should be referred to ophthalmology as part of their management care pathway to prevent amblyopia in children and reduce visual comorbidity, which may further impact on learning, behaviour, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Méjécase
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V E9L, UK; (C.M.); (C.M.W.); (N.O.)
| | - Christopher M. Way
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V E9L, UK; (C.M.); (C.M.W.); (N.O.)
| | - Nicholas Owen
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V E9L, UK; (C.M.); (C.M.W.); (N.O.)
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V E9L, UK; (C.M.); (C.M.W.); (N.O.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
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Meissner LE, Macnamara EF, D'Souza P, Yang J, Vezina G, Ferreira CR, Zein WM, Tifft CJ, Adams DR. DYRK1A pathogenic variants in two patients with syndromic intellectual disability and a review of the literature. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1544. [PMID: 33159716 PMCID: PMC7767569 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DYRK1A-Related Intellectual Disability Syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by intellectual disability, speech and language delays, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, and feeding difficulties. Affected individuals represent simplex cases that result from de novo heterozygous pathogenic variants in DYRK1A (OMIM 614104), or chromosomal structural rearrangements involving the DYRK1A locus. Due to the rarity of DYRK1A-Related Intellectual Disability Syndrome, the spectrum of symptoms associated with this disease has not been completely defined. METHODS AND RESULTS We present two unrelated cases of DYRK1A-Related Intellectual Disability Syndrome resulting from variants in DYRK1A. Both probands presented to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) with multiple dysmorphic facial features, primary microcephaly, absent or minimal speech, feeding difficulties, and cognitive impairment; features that have been previously reported in individuals with DYRK1A. During NIH evaluation, additional features of enlarged cerebral subarachnoid spaces, retinal vascular tortuosity, and bilateral anomalous large optic discs with increased cup-to-disc ratio were identified in the first proband and multiple ophthalmologic abnormalities and sensorineural hearing loss were identified in the second proband. CONCLUSION We recommend that the workup of future of patients include a comprehensive eye exam. Early establishment of physical, occupational, and speech therapy may help in the management of ataxia, hypertonia, and speech impairments common in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Meissner
- Office of the Clinical DirectorNational Human Genome Research InstituteNIHBethesdaMDUSA
- Present address:
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Precilla D'Souza
- Office of the Clinical DirectorNational Human Genome Research InstituteNIHBethesdaMDUSA
- Undiagnosed Diseases ProgramThe Common FundNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - John Yang
- Undiagnosed Diseases ProgramThe Common FundNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Gilbert Vezina
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging and RadiologyChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Carlos R. Ferreira
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Wadih M. Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function BranchNational Eye InstituteNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Cynthia J. Tifft
- Office of the Clinical DirectorNational Human Genome Research InstituteNIHBethesdaMDUSA
- Undiagnosed Diseases ProgramThe Common FundNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - David R. Adams
- Office of the Clinical DirectorNational Human Genome Research InstituteNIHBethesdaMDUSA
- Undiagnosed Diseases ProgramThe Common FundNIHBethesdaMDUSA
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Azad AK, Yanakakis L, Issleb S, Turina J, Drabik K, Bonner C, Simi E, Wagner A, Fiddler M, Naeem R. De novo mosaic and partial monosomy of chromosome 21 in a case with superior vena cava duplication. Mol Cytogenet 2020; 13:45. [PMID: 32944080 PMCID: PMC7488852 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-00513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Full or partial monosomy of chromosome (chr) 21 is a very rare abnormal cytogenetic finding. It is characterized by variable sizes and deletion breakpoints on the long arm (q) of chr 21 that lead to a broad spectrum of phenotypes that include an increased risk of birth defects, developmental delay and intellectual deficit.
Case presentation We report a 37-year-old G1P0 woman initially screened by non-invasive prenatal testing with no positive findings that was followed by an 18-week anatomy scan with a fetal finding of duplication of the superior vena cava (SVC). The medical and family history was otherwise uneventful. After appropriate genetic counseling, amniocentesis was performed to evaluate suspected chromosomal anomalies. Conclusions Interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed loss of one chr 21 signal that was further delineated by chromosomal microarray analysis on uncultured amniocytes as a terminal 10 Mb deletion on chr 21q. Karyotype and microarrays on cultured amniocytes showed two cell lines for a mosaic 21q terminal deletion and monosomy 21. The combined molecular cytogenetics results reported following the ISCN 2016 guideline as mos 46,XX,del(21)(q22)dn[20]/45,XX,-21dn[10].nuc ish(D21S342/D21S341/D21S259x1)[100].arr[GRCh37] 21q11.2q22.12(15412676_36272993)x1~2,21q22.12q22.3(36431283_47612400)x1. Parental chromosomal analysis revealed normal karyotypes. Thus, this was a de novo mosaic full and partial monosomy of chr 21 in a case with SVC duplication. Despite the association of congenital heart disease with monsomy 21 we could not find any published literature or online databases for this cytogenetic abnormality. The patient terminated the pregnancy following the abnormal molecular cytogenetic results due to the possible challenges the baby would face if carried to term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Pathology/Molecular Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1635 Poplar St., Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eve Simi
- Insight Medical Genetics, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | | | - Rizwan Naeem
- Department of Pathology/Molecular Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1635 Poplar St., Bronx, NY 10461 USA.,Insight Medical Genetics, Chicago, IL USA
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8
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Psychiatric Disorders and Distal 21q Deletion-A Case Report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093096. [PMID: 32365584 PMCID: PMC7246703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Partial deletion of chromosome 21q is a very rare genetic condition with highly variable phenotypic features including heart defects, high or cleft palate, brain malformations (e.g., cerebral atrophy), developmental delay and intellectual disability. So far, there is very limited knowledge about psychiatric disorders and their effective treatment in this special population. To fill this gap, the authors present the case of an initially five-year-old girl with distal deletion (del21q22.2) and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (main psychiatric diagnosis) covering a period of time of almost four years comprising initial psychological/psychiatric assessment, subsequent treatment with Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), and follow-up assessments. Post-intervention results including a 19-month follow-up indicated good overall efficacy of PCIT and high parental satisfaction with the treatment. This case report makes a substantial contribution to enhancing knowledge on psychiatric comorbidity and its effective treatment in patients with terminal 21q deletion. Moreover, it emphasizes the necessity of multidisciplinarity in diagnosis and treatment due to the variety of anomalies associated with 21q deletion. Regular screenings for psychiatric disorders and (if indicated) thorough psychological and psychiatric assessment seem to be reasonable in most affected children, as children with developmental delays are at increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders. As demonstrated with this case report, PCIT seems to be a good choice to effectively reduce disruptive behaviors in young children with partial deletion of chromosome 21q.
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Vigdorovich N, Ben‐Sira L, Blumkin L, Precel R, Nezer I, Yosovich K, Cross Z, Vanderver A, Lev D, Lerman‐Sagie T, Zerem A. Brain white matter abnormalities associated with copy number variants. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:93-103. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liat Ben‐Sira
- Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology Dana‐Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel‐Aviv Medical Center Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Lubov Blumkin
- Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit Wolfson Medical Center Holon Israel
| | - Ronit Precel
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology Dana‐Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel‐Aviv Medical Center Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Ifat Nezer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center Holon Israel
| | - Keren Yosovich
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center Holon Israel
| | - Zachary Cross
- Division of Neurology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Dorit Lev
- Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center Holon Israel
| | - Tally Lerman‐Sagie
- Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit Wolfson Medical Center Holon Israel
| | - Ayelet Zerem
- Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit Wolfson Medical Center Holon Israel
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Alopécie, dysplasie auriculaire et déficit intellectuel en lien avec une délétion 21q terminale. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019; 146:563-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Arbones ML, Thomazeau A, Nakano-Kobayashi A, Hagiwara M, Delabar JM. DYRK1A and cognition: A lifelong relationship. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 194:199-221. [PMID: 30268771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dosage of the serine threonine kinase DYRK1A is critical in the central nervous system (CNS) during development and aging. This review analyzes the functions of this kinase by considering its interacting partners and pathways. The role of DYRK1A in controlling the differentiation of prenatal newly formed neurons is presented separately from its role at the pre- and post-synaptic levels in the adult CNS; its effects on synaptic plasticity are also discussed. Because this kinase is positioned at the crossroads of many important processes, genetic dosage errors in this protein produce devastating effects arising from DYRK1A deficiency, such as in MRD7, an autism spectrum disorder, or from DYRK1A excess, such as in Down syndrome. Effects of these errors have been shown in various animal models including Drosophila, zebrafish, and mice. Dysregulation of DYRK1A levels also occurs in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Finally, this review describes inhibitors that have been assessed in vivo. Accurate targeting of DYRK1A levels in the brain, with either inhibitors or activators, is a future research challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Arbones
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aurore Thomazeau
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Akiko Nakano-Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jean M Delabar
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
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12
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Dowjat K, Adayev T, Wojda U, Brzozowska K, Barczak A, Gabryelewicz T, Hwang YW. Abnormalities of DYRK1A-Cytoskeleton Complexes in the Blood Cells as Potential Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72:1059-1075. [PMID: 31683476 PMCID: PMC6971831 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DYRK1A is implicated in mental retardation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia of Down syndrome (DS) individuals. The protein is associated with cytoskeleton and altered expression has been shown to impair the cytoskeletal network via dosage effect. OBJECTIVE Our original observations of marked reduction of cytoskeletal proteins associated with DYRK1A in brains and lymphoblastoid cell lines from DS and AD prompted an investigation whether cytoskeleton abnormalities could potentially be used as biomarkers of AD. METHODS Our assay relied on quantification of co-immunoprecipitated cytoskeletal proteins with DYRK1A (co-IP assay) and analysis of the profile of G- and F-actin fractions obtained by high-speed centrifugations (spin-down assay). RESULTS In co-IP assay, both DS and AD samples displayed reduced abundance of associated cytoskeletal proteins. In spin-down assay, G-actin fractions of controls displayed two closely spaced bands of actin in SDS-PAGE; while in AD and DS, only the upper band of the doublet was present. In both assays, alterations of actin cytoskeleton were present in DS, sporadic and familial AD cases, and in asymptomatic persons who later progressed to confirmed AD, but not in non-AD donors. In blind testing involving six AD and six controls, the above tests positively identified ten cases. Analysis of blood samples revealed the diversity of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cases regarding the presence of the AD biomarker allowing distinction between likely prodromal AD and non-AD MCI cases. CONCLUSIONS Both brain tissue and lymphocytes from DS and AD displayed similar semi-quantitative and qualitative alterations of actin cytoskeleton. Their specificity for AD-type dementia and the presence before clinical onset of the disease make them suitable biomarker candidates for early and definite diagnosis of AD. The presence of alterations in peripheral tissue points to systemic underlying mechanisms and suggests that early dysfunction of cytoskeleton may be a predisposing factor in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Dowjat
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tatyana Adayev
- Department of Genetics, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
| | - Urszula Wojda
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Brzozowska
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Barczak
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gabryelewicz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yu-Wen Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
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DYRK1A Protein, A Promising Therapeutic Target to Improve Cognitive Deficits in Down Syndrome. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8100187. [PMID: 30332747 PMCID: PMC6210095 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) caused by a trisomy of chromosome 21 (HSA21), is the most common genetic developmental disorder, with an incidence of 1 in 800 live births. Its phenotypic characteristics include intellectual impairment, early onset of Alzheimer’s disease, congenital heart disease, hypotonia, muscle weakness and several other developmental abnormalities, for the majority of which the pathogenetic mechanisms remain unknown. Among the numerous protein coding genes of HSA21, dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) encodes a proline-directed serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase that plays pleiotropic roles in neurodevelopment in both physiological and pathological conditions. Numerous studies point to a crucial role of DYRK1A protein for brain defects in patients with DS. Thus, DYRK1A inhibition has shown benefits in several mouse models of DS, including improvement of cognitive behaviour. Lastly, a recent clinical trial has shown that epigallocatechine gallate (EGCG), a DYRK1A inhibitor, given to young patients with DS improved visual recognition memory, working memory performance and adaptive behaviour.
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Nguyen TL, Duchon A, Manousopoulou A, Loaëc N, Villiers B, Pani G, Karatas M, Mechling AE, Harsan LA, Limanton E, Bazureau JP, Carreaux F, Garbis SD, Meijer L, Herault Y. Correction of cognitive deficits in mouse models of Down syndrome by a pharmacological inhibitor of DYRK1A. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035634. [PMID: 30115750 PMCID: PMC6176987 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the implication of DYRK1A in the development of cognitive deficits seen in Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We here demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of brain DYRK1A is able to correct recognition memory deficits in three DS mouse models with increasing genetic complexity [Tg(Dyrk1a), Ts65Dn, Dp1Yey], all expressing an extra copy of Dyrk1a Overexpressed DYRK1A accumulates in the cytoplasm and at the synapse. Treatment of the three DS models with the pharmacological DYRK1A inhibitor leucettine L41 leads to normalization of DYRK1A activity and corrects the novel object cognitive impairment observed in these models. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals that this cognitive improvement is paralleled by functional connectivity remodelling of core brain areas involved in learning/memory processes. The impact of Dyrk1a trisomy and L41 treatment on brain phosphoproteins was investigated by a quantitative phosphoproteomics method, revealing the implication of synaptic (synapsin 1) and cytoskeletal components involved in synaptic response and axonal organization. These results encourage the development of DYRK1A inhibitors as drug candidates to treat cognitive deficits associated with DS and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Lan Nguyen
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Arnaud Duchon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Antigoni Manousopoulou
- Faculty of Medicine/Cancer Sciences & Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Southampton, Center for Proteomic Research, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nadège Loaëc
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Benoît Villiers
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Guillaume Pani
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Meltem Karatas
- Laboratory of Engineering, Informatics and Imaging (ICube), Integrative multimodal imaging in healthcare (IMIS), UMR 7357, and University Hospital Strasbourg, Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna E Mechling
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura-Adela Harsan
- Laboratory of Engineering, Informatics and Imaging (ICube), Integrative multimodal imaging in healthcare (IMIS), UMR 7357, and University Hospital Strasbourg, Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Limanton
- Université de Rennes 1, ISCR (Institut des sciences chimiques de Rennes)-UMR, 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bazureau
- Université de Rennes 1, ISCR (Institut des sciences chimiques de Rennes)-UMR, 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - François Carreaux
- Université de Rennes 1, ISCR (Institut des sciences chimiques de Rennes)-UMR, 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Spiros D Garbis
- Faculty of Medicine/Cancer Sciences & Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Southampton, Center for Proteomic Research, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Laurent Meijer
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
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Earl RK, Turner TN, Mefford HC, Hudac CM, Gerdts J, Eichler EE, Bernier RA. Clinical phenotype of ASD-associated DYRK1A haploinsufficiency. Mol Autism 2017; 8:54. [PMID: 29034068 PMCID: PMC5629761 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-017-0173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DYRK1A is a gene recurrently disrupted in 0.1-0.5% of the ASD population. A growing number of case reports with DYRK1A haploinsufficiency exhibit common phenotypic features including microcephaly, intellectual disability, speech delay, and facial dysmorphisms. METHODS Phenotypic information from previously published DYRK1A cases (n = 51) and participants in an ongoing study at the University of Washington (UW, n = 10) were compiled. Frequencies of recurrent phenotypic features in this population were compared to features observed in a large sample with idiopathic ASD from the Simons Simplex Collection (n = 1981). UW DYRK1A cases were further characterized quantitatively and compared to a randomly subsampled set of idiopathic ASD cases matched on age and gender (n = 10) and to cases with an ASD-associated disruptive mutation to CHD8 (n = 12). Contribution of familial genetic background to clinical heterogeneity was assessed by comparing head circumference, IQ, and ASD-related symptoms of UW DYRK1A cases to their unaffected parents. RESULTS DYRK1A haploinsufficiency results in a common phenotypic profile including intellectual disability, speech and motor difficulties, microcephaly, feeding difficulties, and vision abnormalities. Eighty-nine percent of DYRK1A cases ascertained for ASD presented with a constellation of five or more of these symptoms. When compared quantitatively, DYRK1A cases presented with significantly lower IQ and adaptive functioning compared to idiopathic cases and significantly smaller head size compared to both idiopathic and CHD8 cases. Phenotypic variability in parental head circumference, IQ, and ASD-related symptoms corresponded to observed variability in affected child phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Results confirm a core clinical phenotype for DYRK1A disruptions, with a combination of features that is distinct from idiopathic ASD. Cases with DYRK1A mutations are also distinguishable from disruptive mutations to CHD8 by head size. Measurable, quantitative characterization of DYRK1A haploinsufficiency illuminates clinical variability, which may be, in part, due to familial genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Earl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Tychele N. Turner
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | - Caitlin M. Hudac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Jennifer Gerdts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Raphael A. Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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16
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Kaur Y, de Souza RJ, Gibson WT, Meyre D. A systematic review of genetic syndromes with obesity. Obes Rev 2017; 18:603-634. [PMID: 28346723 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Syndromic monogenic obesity typically follows Mendelian patterns of inheritance and involves the co-presentation of other characteristics, such as mental retardation, dysmorphic features and organ-specific abnormalities. Previous reviews on obesity have reported 20 to 30 syndromes but no systematic review has yet been conducted on syndromic obesity. We searched seven databases using terms such as 'obesity', 'syndrome' and 'gene' to conduct a systematic review of literature on syndromic obesity. Our literature search identified 13,719 references. After abstract and full-text review, 119 relevant papers were eligible, and 42 papers were identified through additional searches. Our analysis of these 161 papers found that 79 obesity syndromes have been reported in literature. Of the 79 syndromes, 19 have been fully genetically elucidated, 11 have been partially elucidated, 27 have been mapped to a chromosomal region and for the remaining 22, neither the gene(s) nor the chromosomal location(s) have yet been identified. Interestingly, 54.4% of the syndromes have not been assigned a name, whereas 13.9% have more than one name. We report on organizational inconsistencies (e.g. naming discrepancies and syndrome classification) and provide suggestions for improvements. Overall, this review illustrates the need for increased clinical and genetic research on syndromes with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kaur
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - R J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - W T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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17
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Ruiz-Botero F, Pachajoa H. Deletion 21q22.3 and duplication 7q35q36.3 in a Colombian girl: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2016; 10:204. [PMID: 27459995 PMCID: PMC4962380 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-016-0988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic disorders are a major cause in the etiology of cases with intellectual disability; however, analysis by a conventional technique such as cytogenetic karyotyping only allows the detection of chromosomal alterations in approximately 9.5 % of cases. The inclusion of new technologies such as high resolution microarray analysis has allowed the study of alterations in chromosomal segments that are less than 5 Mb in length; this has led to an increase in the diagnosis of these patients of up to 25 %. CASE PRESENTATION We report the first case of an 8-year-old Colombian girl of mixed race ancestry (Mestizo), with clinical features that include: delayed psychomotor and language development, intellectual disability, upward slanting palpebral fissures, divergent strabismus, low-set and rotated ears, tall and broad nasal bridge, flat philtrum, bifid uvula, posterior cleft palate, increased anteroposterior diameter of her chest, congenital heart defect type interventricular communication, scoliosis, and umbilical hernia. Genetic analysis was performed using comparative genomic hybridization array, which evidenced the deletion of a region of approximately 3.608 Mb on chromosome 21q22.3, and a duplication of 12.326 Mb on chromosome 7q35q36.3, these alterations affect approximately 112 and 186 genes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS To date, this is the first report of an associated terminal deletion of 21q and 7q duplication in a patient with delayed psychomotor development and intellectual disability. We consider that future implementation of exome and RNA sequencing techniques, and analysis of their proteomic expression in a clinical context could lead to better analysis and interpretation of the genotype-phenotype correlation in cases similar to that described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ruiz-Botero
- Faculty of Health, Universidad Icesi, Research Centre on Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases (CIACER), Calle 18 No. 122-135, bloque L, Oficina: 5025A Pance, Cali, Colombia
| | - Harry Pachajoa
- Faculty of Health, Universidad Icesi, Research Centre on Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases (CIACER), Calle 18 No. 122-135, bloque L, Oficina: 5025A Pance, Cali, Colombia.
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Abstract
Monosomy 21 is an extremely rare genetic disorder presenting with a wide array of symptoms. Recurrent infections, some life threatening, have been reported in several monosomy 21 patients and attributed to an, as of yet, undefined immunodeficiency. Here we report on a 3-year-old boy with mosaic monosomy 21 who presented with clinical and laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency. Despite suffering from infections highly suggestive of a cell-mediated immune defect, the patient's T cells displayed normal counts, subsets and proliferation capability. T cell receptor repertoire was diverse, and de novo T cell production was intact. Consistent with earlier case reports, our patient displayed mildly low B cell counts with hypogammaglobulinemia. B cell subsets demonstrated mainly naïve and marginal zone B cells that have not undergone class switch. Subsequently, IgG, IgA and IgE levels were near absent, whereas IgM level was normal. De novo B cell production and B cell receptor diversity were normal. Together, these results are indicative of a defect in immunoglobulin class switching as the principal cause of immunodeficiency in monosomy 21. A better understanding of the immunodeficiency in this syndrome will enable targeted treatment and prevention of infections in order to prevent morbidity and mortality in these patients.
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Luco SM, Pohl D, Sell E, Wagner JD, Dyment DA, Daoud H. Case report of novel DYRK1A mutations in 2 individuals with syndromic intellectual disability and a review of the literature. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:15. [PMID: 26922654 PMCID: PMC4769499 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal deletions encompassing DYRK1A have been associated with intellectual disability for several years. More recently, point mutations in DYRK1A have been shown to be responsible for a recognizable syndrome characterized by microcephaly, developmental delay and intellectual disability (ID) as well as characteristic facial features. Here we present 2 individuals with novel mutations in DYRK1A, and a review of the cases reported to date. CASE PRESENTATION Both individuals presented with the well-known characteristic features, as well as rarer anomalies seen in a minority of patients. Patient 1 presented shortly after birth with an enlarged cisterna magna, distal contractures, and distinctive facies that included bitemporal narrowing and deep set eyes. A de novo splice site mutation in DYRK1A [c.951 + 4_951 + 7delAGTA; p.Val222Aspfs*22] was identified by next generation sequencing. Patient 2 presented at 7 months of age with microcephaly and dysmorphic features. She went several years without a diagnosis until a de novo DYRK1A nonsense mutation [c.787C>T; p.(Arg263*)] was identified at age 12. These individuals, and the 52 cases reviewed from the literature, show the characteristic features of the DYRK1A-related syndrome including global developmental delay, ID, microcephaly, feeding difficulties, and the facial gestalt. Other common findings include seizures, vision defects, brain abnormalities and skeletal abnormalities of the hands and feet. Less common features include optic nerve defects, contractures, ataxia, and cardiac anomalies. CONCLUSION DYRK1A testing should be considered in individuals with the facial features, intellectual disability and post-natal microcephaly. Once diagnosed with DYRK1A-related intellectual disability, a cardiac and ophthalmologic assessment would be recommended as would routine surveillance by a pediatrician for psychomotor development, growth, and feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Luco
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Daniela Pohl
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, K1H 8L1, ON, Canada.
| | - Erick Sell
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, K1H 8L1, ON, Canada.
| | - Justin D Wagner
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H 8L1, ON, Canada.
| | - David A Dyment
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H 8L1, ON, Canada.
| | - Hussein Daoud
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
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Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a relatively common genetic condition caused by the triplication of human chromosome 21. No therapies currently exist for the rescue of neurocognitive impairment in DS. This review presents exciting findings showing that it is possible to restore brain development and cognitive performance in mouse models of DS with therapies that can also apply to humans. This knowledge provides a potential breakthrough for the prevention of intellectual disability in DS.
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21
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Bronicki LM, Redin C, Drunat S, Piton A, Lyons M, Passemard S, Baumann C, Faivre L, Thevenon J, Rivière JB, Isidor B, Gan G, Francannet C, Willems M, Gunel M, Jones JR, Gleeson JG, Mandel JL, Stevenson RE, Friez MJ, Aylsworth AS. Ten new cases further delineate the syndromic intellectual disability phenotype caused by mutations in DYRK1A. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1482-7. [PMID: 25920557 PMCID: PMC4613470 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene, located on chromosome 21q22.13 within the Down syndrome critical region, has been implicated in syndromic intellectual disability associated with Down syndrome and autism. DYRK1A has a critical role in brain growth and development primarily by regulating cell proliferation, neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity and survival. Several patients have been reported with chromosome 21 aberrations such as partial monosomy, involving multiple genes including DYRK1A. In addition, seven other individuals have been described with chromosomal rearrangements, intragenic deletions or truncating mutations that disrupt specifically DYRK1A. Most of these patients have microcephaly and all have significant intellectual disability. In the present study, we report 10 unrelated individuals with DYRK1A-associated intellectual disability (ID) who display a recurrent pattern of clinical manifestations including primary or acquired microcephaly, ID ranging from mild to severe, speech delay or absence, seizures, autism, motor delay, deep-set eyes, poor feeding and poor weight gain. We identified unique truncating and non-synonymous mutations (three nonsense, four frameshift and two missense) in DYRK1A in nine patients and a large chromosomal deletion that encompassed DYRK1A in one patient. On the basis of increasing identification of mutations in DYRK1A, we suggest that this gene be considered potentially causative in patients presenting with ID, primary or acquired microcephaly, feeding problems and absent or delayed speech with or without seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Redin
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Severine Drunat
- Department of Genetics and INSERM U1141, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Piton
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Faculty of Medicine and CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Sandrine Passemard
- Department of Genetics and INSERM U1141, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurence Faivre
- Fédération Hospitalo- Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 4271, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Fédération Hospitalo- Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 4271, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- Fédération Hospitalo- Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 4271, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Medical Genetics- Clinical Genetics Unit, CHU de Nantes, Nantes-Cedex, France
| | - Grace Gan
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Francannet
- Service de génétique médicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Developmental Disorders and Multiple Congenital Anomalies, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Genetics and Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Mandel
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Faculty of Medicine and CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Ji J, Lee H, Argiropoulos B, Dorrani N, Mann J, Martinez-Agosto JA, Gomez-Ospina N, Gallant N, Bernstein JA, Hudgins L, Slattery L, Isidor B, Le Caignec C, David A, Obersztyn E, Wiśniowiecka-Kowalnik B, Fox M, Deignan JL, Vilain E, Hendricks E, Horton Harr M, Noon SE, Jackson JR, Wilkens A, Mirzaa G, Salamon N, Abramson J, Zackai EH, Krantz I, Innes AM, Nelson SF, Grody WW, Quintero-Rivera F. DYRK1A haploinsufficiency causes a new recognizable syndrome with microcephaly, intellectual disability, speech impairment, and distinct facies. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1473-81. [PMID: 25944381 PMCID: PMC4613469 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A (DYRK1A ) is a highly conserved gene located in the Down syndrome critical region. It has an important role in early development and regulation of neuronal proliferation. Microdeletions of chromosome 21q22.12q22.3 that include DYRK1A (21q22.13) are rare and only a few pathogenic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the DYRK1A gene have been described, so as of yet, the landscape of DYRK1A disruptions and their associated phenotype has not been fully explored. We have identified 14 individuals with de novo heterozygous variants of DYRK1A; five with microdeletions, three with small insertions or deletions (INDELs) and six with deleterious SNVs. The analysis of our cohort and comparison with published cases reveals that phenotypes are consistent among individuals with the 21q22.12q22.3 microdeletion and those with translocation, SNVs, or INDELs within DYRK1A. All individuals shared congenital microcephaly at birth, intellectual disability, developmental delay, severe speech impairment, short stature, and distinct facial features. The severity of the microcephaly varied from -2 SD to -5 SD. Seizures, structural brain abnormalities, eye defects, ataxia/broad-based gait, intrauterine growth restriction, minor skeletal abnormalities, and feeding difficulties were present in two-thirds of all affected individuals. Our study demonstrates that haploinsufficiency of DYRK1A results in a new recognizable syndrome, which should be considered in individuals with Angelman syndrome-like features and distinct facial features. Our report represents the largest cohort of individuals with DYRK1A disruptions to date, and is the first attempt to define consistent genotype-phenotype correlations among subjects with 21q22.13 microdeletions and DYRK1A SNVs or small INDELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bob Argiropoulos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Naghmeh Dorrani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Julian A Martinez-Agosto
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Gomez-Ospina
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Gallant
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Louanne Hudgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leah Slattery
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and Inserm UMR957, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Le Caignec
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and Inserm UMR957, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Albert David
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and Inserm UMR957, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Michelle Fox
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua L Deignan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Vilain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Margaret Horton Harr
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Noon
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessi R Jackson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alisha Wilkens
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ghayda Mirzaa
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Abramson
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), National Centre for Biological Sciences–Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wayne W Grody
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabiola Quintero-Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Martin KA, Mani MV, Mani A. New targets to treat obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:64-74. [PMID: 26001373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster ofassociated metabolic traits that collectively confer unsurpassed risk for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes compared to any single CVD risk factor. Truncal obesity plays an exceptionally critical role among all metabolic traits of the MetS. Consequently, the prevalence of the MetS has steadily increased with the growing epidemic of obesity. Pharmacotherapy has been available for obesity for more than one decade, but with little success in improving the metabolic profiles. The serotonergic drugs and inhibitors of pancreatic lipases were among the few drugs that were initially approved to treat obesity. At the present time, only the pancreatic lipase inhibitor orlistat is approved for long-term treatment of obesity. New classes of anti-diabetic drugs, including glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, are currently being evaluated for their effects on obesity and metabolic traits. The genetic studies of obesity and metabolic syndrome have identified novel molecules acting on the hunger and satiety peptidergic signaling of the gut-hypothalamus axis or the melanocortin system of the brain and are promising targets for future drug development. The goal is to develop drugs that not only treat obesity, but also favorably impact its associated traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Arya Mani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
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24
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Delabar JM, Latour A, Noll C, Renon M, Salameh S, Paul JL, Arbones M, Movassat J, Janel N. One-carbon cycle alterations induced by Dyrk1a dosage. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2014; 1:487-492. [PMID: 27896129 PMCID: PMC5121348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia due to cystathionine beta synthase deficiency confers diverse clinical manifestations. It is characterized by elevated plasma homocysteine levels, a common amino acid metabolized by remethylation to methionine or transsulfuration to cysteine. We recently found a relationship between hepatic Dyrk1A protein expression, a serine/threonine kinase involved in signal transduction in biological processes, hepatic S-adenosylhomocysteine activity, and plasma homocysteine levels. We aimed to study whether there is also a relationship between Dyrk1a and cystathionine beta synthase activity. We used different murine models carrying altered gene coy numbers for Dyrk1a, and found a decreased cystathionine beta synthase activity in the liver of mice under-expressing Dyrk1a, and an increased in liver of mice over-expressing Dyrk1a. For each model, a positive correlation was found between cystathionine beta synthase activity and Dyrk1a protein expression in the liver of mice, which was confirmed in a non-modified genetic context. The positive correlation found between liver Dyrk1a protein expression and CBS activity in modified and non-modified genetic context strengthens the role of this kinase in one carbon metabolism.
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Key Words
- CBS, cystathionine beta synthase
- Cystathionine beta synthase
- DS, Down syndrome
- DYRK, dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase
- Dyrk1a
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-gallate
- GABA, gamma-amino-butyric-acid
- GK, Goto-Kakizaki
- Homocysteine
- Liver
- Murine model
- NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase
- PLP, pyridoxal phosphate
- PTZ, pentylenetetrazole
- SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine
- SAHH, SAH hydrolase
- hcy, homocysteine
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Maurice Delabar
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Alizée Latour
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Noll
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Marjorie Renon
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Sacha Salameh
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Paul
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, 75015 Paris, France; Univ Paris-Sud, EA 4529, UFR de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mariona Arbones
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
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25
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Kong XD, Liu N, Xu XJ, Zhao ZH, Jiang M. Screening of human chromosome 21 genes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals with Down syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1235-9. [PMID: 25370074 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to identify the genes on human chromosome 21 (HC21) that may serve important functions in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (DS). The microarray data GSE5390 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which contained 7 DS and 8 healthy normal samples. The data were then normalized and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the LIMMA package and Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, the DEGs underwent clustering and gene ontology analysis. Additionally, the locations of the DEGs on HC21 were confirmed using human genome 19 in the University of California, Santa Cruz Interaction Browser. A total of 25 upregulated and 275 downregulated genes were screened between DS and healthy samples with a false discovery rate of <0.05 and |logFC|>1. The expression levels of these genes in the two samples were different. In addition, the up‑ and downregulated genes were markedly enriched in organic substance biological processes (P=4.48x10‑10) and cell‑cell signaling (P=0.000227). Furthermore, 17 overexpressed genes were identified on the 21q21‑22 area, including COL6A2, TTC3 and ABCG1. Together, these observations suggest that 17 upregulated genes on HC21 may be involved in the development of DS and provide the basis for understanding this disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Kong
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Ju Xu
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhao
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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26
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Souchet B, Guedj F, Sahún I, Duchon A, Daubigney F, Badel A, Yanagawa Y, Barallobre MJ, Dierssen M, Yu E, Herault Y, Arbones M, Janel N, Créau N, Delabar JM. Excitation/inhibition balance and learning are modified by Dyrk1a gene dosage. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 69:65-75. [PMID: 24801365 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits in Down syndrome (DS) have been linked to increased synaptic inhibition, leading to an imbalance of excitation/inhibition (E/I). Various mouse models and studies from human brains have implicated an HSA21 gene, the serine/threonine kinase DYRK1A, as a candidate for inducing cognitive dysfunction. Here, consequences of alterations in Dyrk1a dosage were assessed in mouse models with varying copy numbers of Dyrk1a: mBACtgDyrk1a, Ts65Dn and Dp(16)1Yey (with 3 gene copies) and Dyrk1a(+/-) (one functional copy). Molecular (i.e. immunoblotting/immunohistochemistry) and behavioral analyses (e.g., rotarod, Morris water maze, Y-maze) were performed in mBACtgDyrk1a mice. Increased expression of DYRK1A in mBACtgDyrk1a induced molecular alterations in synaptic plasticity pathways, particularly expression changes in GABAergic and glutaminergic related proteins. Similar alterations were observed in models with partial trisomy of MMU16, Ts65Dn and Dp(16)1Yey, and were reversed in the Dyrk1a(+/-) model. Dyrk1a overexpression produced an increased number and signal intensity of GAD67 positive neurons, indicating enhanced inhibition pathways in three different models: mBACtgDyrk1a, hYACtgDyrk1a and Dp(16)1Yey. Functionally, Dyrk1a overexpression protected mice from PTZ-induced seizures related to GABAergic neuron plasticity. Our study shows that DYRK1A overexpression affects pathways involved in synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity and influences E/I balance toward inhibition. Inhibition of DYRK1A activity offers a therapeutic target for DS, but its inhibition/activation may also be relevant for other psychiatric diseases with E/I balance alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Souchet
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Adaptive Functional Biology, UMR CNRS 8251, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Fayçal Guedj
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Adaptive Functional Biology, UMR CNRS 8251, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Ignasi Sahún
- Genomic Regulation Center, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaud Duchon
- IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, UMR7104, UMR964, Illkirch, France
| | - Fabrice Daubigney
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Adaptive Functional Biology, UMR CNRS 8251, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Anne Badel
- MTI, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and JST, CREST, Japan
| | - Maria Jose Barallobre
- Plataforma de Recerca Aplicada en Animal de Laboratori (PRAAL), Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Genomic Regulation Center, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugene Yu
- Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Yann Herault
- IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, UMR7104, UMR964, Illkirch, France
| | - Mariona Arbones
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain; Plataforma de Recerca Aplicada en Animal de Laboratori (PRAAL), Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Spain
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Adaptive Functional Biology, UMR CNRS 8251, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Nicole Créau
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Adaptive Functional Biology, UMR CNRS 8251, 75205 Paris, France.
| | - Jean Maurice Delabar
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Adaptive Functional Biology, UMR CNRS 8251, 75205 Paris, France.
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27
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Rachdi L, Kariyawasam D, Aïello V, Herault Y, Janel N, Delabar JM, Polak M, Scharfmann R. Dyrk1A induces pancreatic β cell mass expansion and improves glucose tolerance. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:2221-9. [PMID: 24870561 PMCID: PMC4111677 DOI: 10.4161/cc.29250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is caused by a limited capacity of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells to increase their mass and function in response to insulin resistance. The signaling pathways that positively regulate functional β cell mass have not been fully elucidated. DYRK1A (also called minibrain/MNB) is a member of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. A significant amount of data implicates DYRK1A in brain growth and Down syndrome, and recent data indicate that Dyrk1A haploinsufficient mice have a low functional β cell mass. Here we ask whether Dyrk1A upregulation could be a way to increase functional β cell mass. We used mice overexpressing Dyrk1A under the control of its own regulatory sequences (mBACTgDyrk1A). These mice exhibit decreased glucose levels and hyperinsulinemia in the fasting state. Improved glucose tolerance is observed in these mice as early as 4 weeks of age. Upregulation of Dyrk1A in β cells induces expansion of β cell mass through increased proliferation and cell size. Importantly, mBACTgDyrk1A mice are protected against high-fat-diet-induced β cell failure through increase in β cell mass and insulin sensitivity. These studies show the crucial role of the DYRK1A pathway in the regulation of β cell mass and carbohydrate metabolism in vivo. Activating the DYRK1A pathway could thus represent an innovative way to increase functional β cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latif Rachdi
- INSERM U1016; Institut Cochin; Faculté de Médecine Cochin; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
| | - Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- INSERM U1016; Institut Cochin; Faculté de Médecine Cochin; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades; Endocrinologie Gynécologie Diabétologie Pédiatriques; IMAGINE Institute; Paris, France
| | - Virginie Aïello
- INSERM U1016; Institut Cochin; Faculté de Médecine Cochin; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Translational Medicine and Neuroscience Program; IGBMC; CNRS; INSERM; Université de Strasbourg; UMR7104, UMR964, and Institut Clinique de la Souris; ICS; GIE CERBM; Illkirch, France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA); CNRS UMR 8251; Paris Diderot University; Paris, France
| | - Jean-Maurice Delabar
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA); CNRS UMR 8251; Paris Diderot University; Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- INSERM U1016; Institut Cochin; Faculté de Médecine Cochin; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades; Endocrinologie Gynécologie Diabétologie Pédiatriques; IMAGINE Institute; Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016; Institut Cochin; Faculté de Médecine Cochin; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
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28
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Rachdi L, Kariyawasam D, Guez F, Aïello V, Arbonés ML, Janel N, Delabar JM, Polak M, Scharfmann R. Dyrk1a haploinsufficiency induces diabetes in mice through decreased pancreatic beta cell mass. Diabetologia 2014; 57:960-9. [PMID: 24477974 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Growth factors and nutrients are important regulators of pancreatic beta cell mass and function. However, the signalling pathways by which these factors modulate these processes have not yet been fully elucidated. DYRK1A (also named minibrain/MNB) is a member of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family that has been conserved across evolution. A significant amount of data implicates DYRK1A in brain growth and function, as well as in neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome. We investigated here whether DYRK1A would be an attractive candidate for beta cell growth modulation. METHODS To study the role of DYRK1A in beta cell growth, we used Dyrk1a-deficient mice. RESULTS We show that DYRK1A is expressed in pancreatic islets and provide evidence that changes in Dyrk1a gene dosage in mice strongly modulate glycaemia and circulating insulin levels. Specifically, Dyrk1a-haploinsufficient mice show severe glucose intolerance, reduced beta cell mass and decreased beta cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Taken together, our data indicate that DYRK1A is a critical kinase for beta cell growth as Dyrk1a-haploinsufficient mice show a diabetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latif Rachdi
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Faculté de Médecine Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 24 Rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014, Paris, France,
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29
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Fukai R, Hiraki Y, Nishimura G, Nakashima M, Tsurusaki Y, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N, Miyake N. A de novo 1.4-Mb deletion at 21q22.11 in a boy with developmental delay. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1021-8. [PMID: 24458657 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Monosomy 21 is a very rare chromosomal abnormality. At least 45 patients with partial deletion involving 21q11 have been reported. Here, we report a Japanese boy who presented with pre- and postnatal growth delays, psychomotor developmental delay, microcephaly, and iris coloboma. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a de novo 1.4-Mb deletion at 21q22.11 containing 19 protein-coding RefSeq genes. We compared the clinical phenotypes between the present patient and 16 previously reported patients with a deleted region associated with postnatal growth delay and psychomotor developmental delay. Interestingly, ITSN1 was the only gene deleted or disrupted in all cases; this gene is known to be associated with intellectual disability. Microcephaly and brain structural abnormalities including polymicrogyria and agenesis/hypoplasia of the corpus callosum may also result from haploinsufficiency of ITSN1, highlighting its clinical significance for the neurological features of patients with monosomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Fukai
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Luebbering N, Charlton-Perkins M, Kumar JP, Rollmann SM, Cook T, Cleghon V. Drosophila Dyrk2 plays a role in the development of the visual system. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76775. [PMID: 24146926 PMCID: PMC3795635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The DYRKs (dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases) are a conserved family of protein kinases that are associated with a number of neurological disorders, but whose biological targets are poorly understood. Drosophila encodes three Dyrks: minibrain/Dyrk1A, DmDyrk2, and DmDyrk3. Here we describe the creation and characterization of a DmDyrk2 null allele, DmDyrk21w17. We provide evidence that the smell impaired allele smi35A1, is likely to encode DmDyrk2. We also demonstrate that DmDyrk2 is expressed late in the developing third antennal segment, an anatomical structure associated with smell. In addition, we find that DmDyrk2 is expressed in the morphogenetic furrow of the developing eye, that loss of DmDyrk2 in the eye produced a subtle but measurable defect, and that ectopic DmDyrk2 expression in the eye produced a strong rough eye phenotype characterized by increased secondary, tertiary and bristle interommatidial cells. This phenotype was dependent on DmDyrk2 kinase activity and was only manifest when expressed in post-mitotic non-neuronal progenitors. Together, these data indicate that DmDyrk2 is expressed in developing sensory systems, that it is required for the development of the visual system, and that the eye is a good model to identify DmDyrk2 targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Luebbering
- Department of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark Charlton-Perkins
- Department of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric Opthalmology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Justin P. Kumar
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M. Rollmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Cook
- Department of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric Opthalmology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vaughn Cleghon
- Department of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dowjat K, Adayev T, Kaczmarski W, Wegiel J, Hwang YW. Gene dosage-dependent association of DYRK1A with the cytoskeleton in the brain and lymphocytes of down syndrome patients. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012; 71:1100-12. [PMID: 23147510 PMCID: PMC3511598 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31827733c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The triplication of the DYRK1A gene encoding proline-directed serine/threonine kinase and located in the critical region of Down syndrome (DS) has been implicated in cognitive deficits and intellectual disability of individuals with DS. We investigated the effect of abnormal levels of this kinase on the cytoskeleton in brain and peripheral tissues of DS subjects. In DS tissues, the predictable approximately equal to 1.5-fold enhancement of the levels of DYRK1A protein was demonstrated. An association of DYRK1A with all 3 major cytoskeleton networks was identified using immunoprecipitation. We concentrated on the actin cytoskeleton because its association with DYRK1A was the most affected by the enzyme levels. As measured by coimmunoprecipitation in DS tissues, but not in fragile X lymphocytes, actin association with DYRK1A was reduced. This reduced association was dependent on the state of phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins and was present only in cells overproducing DYRK1A kinase; therefore, the effect was attributable to the DYRK1A gene dosage. Alterations of DYRK1A-actin assemblies were detected in newborn and infant groups, thereby linking DYRK1A overexpression with abnormal brain development of DS children. The identification of the actin cytoskeleton as one of cellular targets of DYRK1A action provides new insights into a gene dosage-sensitive mechanism by which DYRK1A could contribute to the pathogenesis of DS. In addition, the presence of this DS-specific cytoskeleton anomaly in lymphocytes attests to the systemic nature of some features of DS. To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in human tissue that shows DYRK1A association with the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Dowjat
- Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Rd, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
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Schoner K, Kohlhase J, Müller AM, Schramm T, Plassmann M, Schmitz R, Neesen J, Wieacker P, Rehder H. Hydrocephalus, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and cleft lip/palate represent frequent associations in fetuses with Peters' plus syndrome and B3GALTL mutations. Fetal PPS phenotypes, expanded by Dandy Walker cyst and encephalocele. Prenat Diagn 2012; 33:75-80. [PMID: 23161355 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal pathology aims to recognize syndromal patterns of anomalies for goal-directed mutation analyses, genetic counseling, and early prenatal diagnosis in consecutive pregnancies. Here, we report on five fetuses with Peters' plus syndrome (PPS) from two distinct families aborted after prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of hydrocephaly. METHOD We performed fetal autopsies and molecular analyses. RESULTS Among 44 fetuses with prenatally diagnosed hydrocephaly, four fetuses of 16 to 21 gestational weeks presented with additional cleft lip/palate and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum. Other features were growth retardation, hypertelorism, anomalies of the eyes, in part consistent with Peters' anterior chamber anomalies, mild brachymelia, brachydactyly, and also internal anomalies. Suspected PPS was confirmed by detection of B3GALTL mutation in these four fetuses and in one additional sib fetus, revealing homozygosity for the common c.660 + 1G > A donor splice site mutation in intron 8. CONCLUSIONS Autosomal-recessive PPS has not yet been diagnosed prenatally. We want to alert ultrasonographers to the diagnosis of this disorder in growth-retarded fetuses with (recurrent) hydrocephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and cleft lip/palate and stress the more severe fetal manifestation, describing a first such case with additional Dandy-Walker cyst and occult meningoencephalocele.
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Crespi B. Diametric gene-dosage effects as windows into neurogenetic architecture. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2012; 23:143-51. [PMID: 22995549 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression can be modulated in two opposite directions, towards higher or lower amounts of product. How do diametric changes in gene dosage influence neurological development and function? Recent studies of transgenic and knockout mouse models, genomic copy-number variants, imprinted-gene expression alterations, and sex-chromosome aneuploidies are revealing examples of 'mirror-extreme' brain and behavior phenotypes, which provide unique insights into neurodevelopmental architecture. These convergent studies quantitatively connect gene dosages with specific trajectories and outcomes, with important implications for the experimental dissection of normal neurological functions, the genetic analysis of psychiatric disorders, the development of pharmacological therapies, and mechanisms for the evolution of human brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Frontonasal dysplasia, callosal agenesis, basal encephalocele, and eye anomalies syndrome with a partial 21q22.3 deletion. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1676-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Izumi K, Brooks SS, Feret HA, Zackai EH. 1.9 Mb microdeletion of 21q22.11 within Braddock-Carey contiguous gene deletion syndrome region: dissecting the phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1535-41. [PMID: 22614953 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Braddock-Carey syndrome is characterized by Pierre Robin sequence, agenesis of the corpus callosum, facial dysmorphisms, developmental delay, and congenital thrombocytopenia. Recently, Braddock-Carey syndrome was demonstrated to be caused by chromosomal microdeletion in 21q22 including the RUNX1 gene, whose haploinsufficiency is responsible for thrombocytopenia phenotype. Therefore, the syndrome has emerged as a contiguous gene deletion syndrome. Here, we describe an infant with Pierre Robin sequence, facial anomalies, congenital heart defects, hypotonia, and the absence of thrombocytopenia, who was found to have a 1.9 Mb microdeletion within the Braddock-Carey contiguous deletion syndrome region. This deletion spares the RUNX1 gene, narrowing the genomic region responsible for a part of the Braddock-Carey syndrome phenotype. Further studies are awaited to understand the role of the genes located within 21q22 in the pathogenesis of Braddock-Carey syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Valetto A, Orsini A, Bertini V, Toschi B, Bonuccelli A, Simi F, Sammartino I, Taddeucci G, Simi P, Saggese G. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of an interstitial deletion of chromosome 21 (21q22.13q22.3) in a patient with dysmorphic features, intellectual disability and severe generalized epilepsy. Eur J Med Genet 2012; 55:362-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Guedj F, Pereira PL, Najas S, Barallobre MJ, Chabert C, Souchet B, Sebrie C, Verney C, Herault Y, Arbones M, Delabar JM. DYRK1A: a master regulatory protein controlling brain growth. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 46:190-203. [PMID: 22293606 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variation in a small region of chromosome 21 containing DYRK1A produces morphological and cognitive alterations in human. In mouse models, haploinsufficiency results in microcephaly, and a human DYRK1A gain-of-function model (three alleles) exhibits increased brain volume. To investigate these developmental aspects, we used a murine BAC clone containing the entire gene to construct an overexpression model driven by endogenous regulatory sequences. We compared this new model to two other mouse models with three copies of Dyrk1a, YACtgDyrk1a and Ts65Dn, as well as the loss-of-function model with one copy (Dyrk1a(+/-)). Growth, viability, brain weight, and brain volume depended strongly upon gene copy number. Brain region-specific variations observed in gain-of-function models mirror their counterparts in the loss-of-function model. Some variations, such as increased volume of the superior colliculus and ventricles, were observed in both the BAC transgenic and Ts65Dn mice. Using unbiased stereology we found that, in the cortex, neuron density is inversely related to Dyrk1a copy number but, in thalamic nuclei, neuron density is directly related to copy number. In addition, six genes involved either in cell division (Ccnd1 and pAkt) or in neuronal machinery (Gap43, Map2, Syp, Snap25) were regulated by Dyrk1a throughout development, from birth to adult. These results imply that Dyrk1a expression alters different cellular processes during brain development. Dyrk1a, then, has two roles in the development process: shaping the brain and controlling the structure of neuronal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayçal Guedj
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Adaptive Functional Biology, EAC CNRS 4413, 75205 Paris, France
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Hannachi H, Mougou-Zerelli S, BenAbdallah I, Mama N, Hamdi I, Labalme A, Elghezal H, Sanlaville D, Saad A. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of a Combined 17p13.3 Microdeletion with Partial Monosomy 21q21.3 in a 26-Year-Old Man. Cytogenet Genome Res 2011; 135:102-10. [DOI: 10.1159/000330880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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