1
|
Pabian-Jewuła S, Ambrożek-Latecka M, Brągiel-Pieczonka A, Nowicka K, Rylski M. Identification of Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for the MMP-9-1562C/T Dependent Differential Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Human Neuron-like Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2028. [PMID: 38002971 PMCID: PMC10671763 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The MMP-9-1562C/T polymorphism exerts an impact on the occurrence and progression of numerous disorders affecting the central nervous system. Using luciferase assays and Q-RT-PCR technique, we have discovered a distinct allele-specific influence of the MMP-9-1562C/T polymorphism on the MMP-9 (Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase-9) promoter activity and the expression of MMP-9 mRNA in human neurons derived from SH-SY5Y cells. Subsequently, by employing a pull-down assay paired with mass spectrometry analysis, EMSA (Electromobility Shift Assay), and EMSA supershift techniques, as well as DsiRNA-dependent gene silencing, we have elucidated the mechanism responsible for the allele-specific impact of the MMP-9-1562C/T polymorphism on the transcriptional regulation of the MMP-9 gene. We have discovered that the activity of the MMP-9 promoter and the expression of MMP-9 mRNA in human neurons are regulated in a manner that is specific to the MMP-9-1562C/T allele, with a stronger upregulation being attributed to the C allele. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the allele-specific action of the MMP-9-1562C/T polymorphism on the neuronal MMP-9 expression is related to HDAC1 (Histone deacetylase 1) and ZNF384 (Zinc Finger Protein 384) transcriptional regulators. We show that HDAC1 and ZNF384 bind to the C and the T alleles differently, forming different regulatory complexes in vitro. Moreover, our data demonstrate that HDAC1 and ZNF384 downregulate MMP-9 gene promoter activity and mRNA expression in human neurons acting mostly via the T allele.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Pabian-Jewuła
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 99/103 Marymoncka Street, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (M.A.-L.); (A.B.-P.)
| | - Magdalena Ambrożek-Latecka
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 99/103 Marymoncka Street, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (M.A.-L.); (A.B.-P.)
| | - Aneta Brągiel-Pieczonka
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 99/103 Marymoncka Street, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (M.A.-L.); (A.B.-P.)
| | - Klaudia Nowicka
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders—BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Rylski
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieski Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jin J, Guang M, Li S, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang B, Cheng M, Schmalz G, Huang X. Immune-related signature of periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease linkage. Front Genet 2023; 14:1230245. [PMID: 37849501 PMCID: PMC10577303 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1230245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontits (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both associated with ageing and clinical studies increasingly evidence their association. However, specific mechanisms underlying this association remain undeciphered, and immune-related processes are purported to play a signifcant role. The accrual of publicly available transcriptomic datasets permits secondary analysis and the application of data-mining and bioinformatic tools for biological discovery. Aim: The present study aimed to leverage publicly available transcriptomic datasets and databases, and apply a series of bioinformatic analysis to identify a robust signature of immune-related signature of PD and AD linkage. Methods: We downloaded gene-expresssion data pertaining PD and AD and identified crosstalk genes. We constructed a protein-protein network analysis, applied immune cell enrichment analysis, and predicted crosstalk immune-related genes and infiltrating immune cells. Next, we applied consisent cluster analysis and performed immune cell bias analysis, followed by LASSO regression to select biomarker immune-related genes. Results: The results showed a 3 gene set comprising of DUSP14, F13A1 and SELE as a robust immune-related signature. Macrophages M2 and NKT, B-cells, CD4+ memory T-cells and CD8+ naive T-cells emerged as key immune cells linking PD with AD. Conclusion: Candidate immune-related biomarker genes and immune cells central to the assocation of PD with AD were identified, and merit investigation in experimental and clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieqi Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengkai Guang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Menglin Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sahin K, Rustemoglu A. Investigation of MIF gene promoter variations and their haplotypes in the Alzheimer disease in Turkish population. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:277-291. [PMID: 37665108 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2253282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain tissue, many components such as acute phase proteins, cytokines, and proteases contribute to the progression of the disease or are part of the pathological process. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene encodes a cytokine, which is secreted by lymphocytes, and has a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this study to investigate the association between Alzheimer disease and MIF gene promoter polymorphisms. The 205 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and 130 age-sex matched healthy individuals were investigated in terms of MIF -173 G/C and MIF -794 CATT polymorphisms. The genotyping of MIF -173 G/C was determined using the RT-PCR method. MIF-794 CATT polymorphism was analyzed using PCR and DNA Sequencing. In terms of binary genotypes and haplotypes, the 5/5-GC (p = 0.004), 6/7-GG (p = 0.02) and, 6/6-GG (p = 0.026) binary genotypes, and 5-C (p = 0.003), 7-G (p = 0.026) and 6-G (p = 0.025) haplotypes were differed significantly between the patients and the controls. This is the first study investigating the relationship between AD and MIF in terms of different genotypes, haplotypes and, alleles. The fact that the binary genotype and allele distributions are significantly different between the patient and control group, suggests that this MIF variants may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Sahin
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Aydın Rustemoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pabian-Jewuła S, Rylski M. Does the functional polymorphism-1562C/T of MMP-9 gene influence brain disorders? Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1110967. [PMID: 37206663 PMCID: PMC10188926 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is one of the most strongly expressed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the brain. The MMP-9 activity in the brain is strictly regulated, and any disruptions in this regulation contribute to a development of many disorders of the nervous system including multiple sclerosis, brain strokes, neurodegenerative disorders, brain tumors, schizophrenia, or Guillain-Barré syndrome. This article discusses a relationship between development of the nervous system diseases and the functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position -1562C/T within the MMP-9 gene. A pathogenic influence of MMP-9-1562C/T SNP was observed both in neurological and psychiatric disorders. The presence of the allele T often increases the activity of the MMP-9 gene promoter and consequently the expression of MMP-9 when compared to the allele C. This leads to a change in the likelihood of an occurrence of diseases and modifies the course of certain brain diseases in humans, as discussed below. The presented data indicates that the MMP-9-1562C/T functional polymorphism influences the course of many neuropsychiatric disorders in humans suggesting a significant pathological role of the MMP-9 metalloproteinase in pathologies of the human central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Pabian-Jewuła
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Sylwia Pabian-Jewuła,
| | - Marcin Rylski
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Juárez-Cedillo T, Martínez-Rodríguez N, Vargas-Alarcon G, Juárez-Cedillo E, Valle-Medina A, Garrido-Acosta O, Ramirez A. Synergistic influence of cytokine gene polymorphisms over the risk of dementia: A multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:952173. [PMID: 36389080 PMCID: PMC9643855 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.952173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence supports the important role of neuroinflammation in some types of dementia. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of epistasis of gene cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-α, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on the susceptibility to the development of dementia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the study, 221 patients diagnosed with dementia and 710 controls were included. The multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis was performed to identify the epistasis between SNP located in genes of IL-α (rs1800587), IL-6 (rs1800796), TNFα (rs361525 and rs1800629), and IFNγ (rs2069705). The best risk prediction model was identified based on precision and cross-validation consistency. RESULTS Multifactor-dimensionality reduction analysis detected a significant model with the genes TNFα, IFNγ, IL1α, and IL6 (prediction success: 72%, p < 0.0001). When risk factors were analyzed with these polymorphisms, the model achieved a similar prediction for dementia as the genes-only model. CONCLUSION These data indicate that gene-gene interactions form significant models to identify populations susceptible to dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Juárez-Cedillo
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Área Envejecimiento, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy Martínez-Rodríguez
- Epidemiology, Endocrinology, and Nutrition Research Unit, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Juárez-Cedillo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Valle-Medina
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Osvaldo Garrido-Acosta
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mehdi A, Lamiae B, Samira B, Ramchoun M, Abdelouahed K, Tamas F, Hicham B. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Attenuates Neuroinflammation Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Foods 2022; 11:2570. [PMID: 36076756 PMCID: PMC9455244 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Food scientists have studied the many health benefits of polyphenols against pernicious human diseases. Evidence from scientific studies has shown that earlier healthy lifestyle changes, particularly in nutrition patterns, can reduce the burden of age-related diseases. In this context, a large number of plant-derived components belonging to the class of polyphenols have been reported to possess neuroprotective benefits. In this review, we examined studies on the effect of dietary polyphenols, notably from Punica granatum L., on neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease, which is symptomatically characterized by impairment of cognitive functions. Clinical trials are in favor of the role of some polyphenols in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and attenuating clinical presentations of the disease. However, discrepancies in study design often bring inconsistent findings on the same component and display differences in their effectiveness due to interindividual variability, bioavailability in the body after administration, molecular structures, cross-blood-brain barrier, and signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Based on preclinical and clinical trials, it appears that pomegranate may prove valuable in treating neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, due to the lack of information on human clinical trials, future in-depth studies, focusing on human beings, of several bioactive components of pomegranate's polyphenols and their synergic effects should be carried out to evaluate their curative treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alami Mehdi
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Benchagra Lamiae
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Boulbaroud Samira
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Mhamed Ramchoun
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Khalil Abdelouahed
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
| | - Fulop Tamas
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
| | - Berrougui Hicham
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ferguson SA, Panos JJ, Sloper D, Varma V, Sarkar S. Alzheimer's disease: a step closer to understanding type 3 diabetes in African Americans. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1803-1816. [PMID: 34021875 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and the most common cause of adult-onset dementia. Recent results suggest an increased prevalence and severity in African Americans compared to Caucasians. Our understanding of the potential mechanism(s) underlying this ethnicity difference is limited. We previously described ethnicity-related differences in levels of neurodegenerative proteins and cytokines/chemokines in the BA21 region of African Americans and Caucasians with AD. Here, similar multiplex assays were used to examine those endpoints in patient postmortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Additionally, we measured levels of C-peptide, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon, insulin, leptin, PAI-1, resistin, and visfatin using a human diabetes 10-plex assay. The cytokine and chemokine assays revealed that levels of 26 chemokines or cytokines differed significantly with ethnicity, and three of those were significantly associated with gender. The neurodegenerative disease panel indicated that levels of soluble RAGE were significantly elevated in African Americans compared to Caucasians. All measures in the diabetes disease panel assay were significantly elevated in African Americans: ghrelin, GIP, GLP-1, glucagon, insulin, and visfatin. Through peripheral sample analysis, these results provide further evidence that ethnicity is critically involved in the manifestation of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherry A Ferguson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - John J Panos
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Daniel Sloper
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Varma
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hakim AM. A Proposed Hypothesis on Dementia: Inflammation, Small Vessel Disease, and Hypoperfusion Is the Sequence That Links All Harmful Lifestyles to Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:679837. [PMID: 33994998 PMCID: PMC8116506 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.679837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing consensus that certain lifestyles can contribute to cognitive impairment and dementia, but the physiological steps that link a harmful lifestyle to its negative impact are not always evident. It is also unclear whether all lifestyles that contribute to dementia do so through the same intermediary steps. This article will focus on three lifestyles known to be risk factors for dementia, namely obesity, sedentary behavior, and insufficient sleep, and offer a unifying hypothesis proposing that lifestyles that negatively impact cognition do so through the same sequence of events: inflammation, small vessel disease, decline in cerebral perfusion, and brain atrophy. The hypothesis will then be tested in a recently identified risk factor for dementia, namely hearing deficit. If further studies confirm this sequence of events leading to dementia, a significant change in our approach to this debilitating and costly condition may be necessary, possible, and beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine M. Hakim
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pharmacogenetic and Association Studies on the Influence of HLA Alleles and Rivastigmine on the Iranian Patients with Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2792-2802. [PMID: 33502736 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting cognitive function. A number of allelic genes from HLA complex have shown variable associations with AD in different populations. In this study, we investigated the association of DQB1*06:00/x, DRB1*04:00/x, DRB1*15:00/x, and B*07:00/x genotypes with AD and their relevance to the efficacy of rivastigmine treatment in the Iranian population. Our findings suggest that DQB1*06:00/x genotype offers strong protection against AD (P = 0.0074), while B*07:00/x genotype imposes a significant susceptibility for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) (P = 0.009). Interestingly, B*07:00/x genotype does not show any apparent associations with familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Our studies also suggest a pharmacogenetic relationship between drug treatment and presence of a particular genotype in the Iranian LOAD patient population. The Clinical Dementia Rating analysis showed that LOAD patients carrying DRB1*04:00/x genotype tend to display a downward trend in the disease severity and symptoms after 2-year follow-up with rivastigmine treatment. Moreover, in our total patient population, the carriers of DQB1*06:00/x and B*07:00/x alleles have better and worse responses to rivastigmine respectively. We also measured the clinical relevance of the testing for these genotypes employing prevalence-corrected positive predictive value (PcPPV) formula. The PcPPV of testing for DQB1*06:00/x in the Iranian LOAD patients was 1.17% which means that people carrying this genotype have half of the probability of the absolute risk for developing LOAD, whereas the PcPPV of testing for B*07:00/x was 4.45% for SAD, which can be interpreted as a doubling chance for developing LOAD among the Iranian population carrying this genotype. These results also suggest that DQβ1 peptide containing positively charged AAs histidine30 and arginine55 and HLA class I β chain containing negatively charges aspartic acid114 and glutamic acid45,152 in their binding groove plays important roles in protection against and susceptibility for LOAD respectively.
Collapse
|
10
|
The Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Alzheimer's Disease: Conventionally Pathogenetic or Unconventionally Protective? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020291. [PMID: 31936865 PMCID: PMC7024279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical and clinical observations have offered relevant insights on the etiopathogenesis of late onset Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and upregulated immunoinflammatory events have been described as underlying mechanisms involved in the development of AD. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by several cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, as well as non-immune cells. In the present review, we highlight experimental, genetic, and clinical studies on MIF in rodent models of AD and AD patients, and we discuss emerging therapeutic opportunities for tailored modulation of the activity of MIF, that may potentially be applied to AD patients. Dismantling the exact role of MIF and its receptors in AD may offer novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in AD.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pšemeneckienė G, Petrikonis K, Rastenytė AD. Polymorphisms of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Relation to APOE Epsilon 4 and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in the Lithuanian Population. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2019; 55:medicina55100689. [PMID: 31618972 PMCID: PMC6843382 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: Neuroinflammation is one of the pathological pathways of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mediating the progression of neurodegeneration. Polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokines have been linked to increased AD risk. Identification of certain combinations of polymorphisms could help predict disease in its preclinical stage. The aim of the study was to evaluate differences in the prevalence of TNFα -850T (rs1799724), IL1A -889T (rs1800587), and IL6 -174C (rs1800795, Intron type) polymorphisms between AD patients and healthy controls (HC) and determine the impact of these SNPs in combination with the APOEε4 allele on AD risk. Materials and Methods: The study population is comprised of 107 patients with sporadic AD (AD group) and age- and gender-matched 110 persons without impaired cognitive functions (control group). TNFα -850C > T polymorphism was revealed by a PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Real time PCR was used for IL1A and IL6 SNP genotyping. APOEε genotyping was done via hybridization method. Results: The frequencies of TNFα -850T, IL1A -889T, IL6 -174C allele and genotype did not differ between the AD and HC groups (p > 0.05). IL6 -174C was not in HWE, and it was not analysed further. APOEε4 allele (p = 0.001) and 3/4 and 4/4 genotypes (p = 0.005) were more prevalent in AD patients. APOEε4 carriage increased the risk of AD (OR 2.65, p = 0.001), while TNFα -850T and IL1A -889T polymorphisms were not found as significant independent risk factors for AD. The presence of at least one IL1A -889T allele in combination with APOEε4+ was associated with a lower risk of AD (OR 2.24, p = 0.047) than the carriage of APOEε4+ alone (OR 2.70, p = 0.015). Conclusions: No significant differences of TNFα -850, IL1A -889, and IL6 -174 polymorphisms frequencies were found between AD and control groups. In APOEε4 carriers IL1A -889T polymorphism was found to reduce the AD risk determined by APOEε4 alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Pšemeneckienė
- Department of Neurology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Kęstutis Petrikonis
- Department of Neurology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - And Daiva Rastenytė
- Department of Neurology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Small vessel disease (SVD) refers to conditions where damage to arterioles and capillaries is predominant, leading to reduced, or interrupted perfusion of the affected organ. Data suggest that when this condition is evident in any organ, it is already systemic in its occurrence and consequences. SVD affects primarily organs that receive significant portions of cardiac output such as the brain, the kidney, and the retina. Thus, SVD is a major etiologic cause in debilitating conditions such as renal failure, blindness, lacunar infarcts, and dementia. The factors that lead to this devastating condition include all the known vascular risk factors when they are not strictly controlled, but lifestyles that include sedentary existence, obesity, and poor sleep patterns are also recognized drivers of SVD. In addition, depression is now recognized as a vascular risk factor. Inflammation is a mediator of SVD, but it is not known which factor(s) predominate in its etiology. This article emphasizes the need for more investigations to define this link further and suggests clinical and societal responses that might reduce the major impacts of this condition on populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine M Hakim
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li HY, Tsai MS, Huang CG, Wang RYL, Chuang LP, Chen NH, Liu CH, Hsu CM, Cheng WN, Lee LA. Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Gene Expression in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091361. [PMID: 31480626 PMCID: PMC6780075 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and inflammation may be involved in the early pathogenesis of AD in patients with OSA. However, the potential pathways between OSA and AD have yet to be established. In this study, we aimed to investigate differential expressions of AD-associated genes in OSA patients without evident AD or dementia. Methods: This prospective case-control study included five patients with severe OSA and five age and sex-matched patients with non-severe OSA without evident dementia who underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015. The expressions of genes associated with AD were analyzed using whole-exome sequencing. Unsupervised two-dimensional hierarchical clustering was performed on these genes. Pearson’s correlation was used as the distance metric to simultaneously cluster subjects and genes. Results: The expressions of CCL2, IL6, CXCL8, HLA-A, and IL1RN in the patients with severe OSA were significantly different from those in the patients with non-severe OSA and contributed to changes in the immune response, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathways. Conclusions: Inflammation may contribute to the onset of AD and physicians need to be aware of the potential occurrence of AD in patients with severe OSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Yu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shao Tsai
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chiayi, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Guei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Robert Y L Wang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Li-Pang Chuang
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Hung Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Nuan Cheng
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ang Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stošić-Grujičić S, Saksida T, Miljković Đ, Stojanović I. MIF and insulin: Lifetime companions from common genesis to common pathogenesis. Cytokine 2019; 125:154792. [PMID: 31400637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory nature of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been generally related to the propagation of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. But this molecule possesses many other peculiar functions, unrelated to the immune system, among which is its supportive role in the post-translational modifications of insulin. In this way MIF enables proper insulin conformation within the pancreatic beta cell and its full activity. The inherent or acquired changes in MIF expression might therefore lead to different insulin processing and initiation of autoimmunity. The relation between MIF and insulin does not stop at this point; these two molecules continue to interact during pathological states characterized by inflammation and insulin resistance. In this context, MIF indirectly and negatively influences insulin action by boosting inflammatory environment and disabling target cells to respond to insulin. On the other side, insulin might interfere with MIF action as well, acting as an anti-inflammatory mediator. Therefore, the proper interaction between MIF and insulin is crucial for maintaining homeostasis, while anti-inflammatory therapies based on the systemic MIF blockage may disturb this balance. This review covers MIF-insulin relationship in the physiological and pathological conditions and discusses the approaches for MIF inhibition and their net effect specifically considering possible impact on insulin misfolding and the possible misinterpretation of previous results due to the discovery of MIF functional homolog D-dopachrome tautomerase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Stošić-Grujičić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Saksida
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tsai CL, Pai MC, Ukropec J, Ukropcová B. Distinctive Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Modes on Neurocognitive and Biochemical Changes in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:316-332. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190228125429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Decreased levels of the neuroprotective growth factors, low-grade inflammation, and
reduced neurocognitive functions during aging are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s
disease. Physical exercise modifies these disadvantageous phenomena while a sedentary lifestyle
promotes them.
Purpose:
The purposes of the present study included investigating whether both aerobic and resistance exercise
produce divergent effects on the neuroprotective growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and neurocognitive
performance, and further exploring whether changes in the levels of these molecular biomarkers are associated
with alterations in neurocognitive performance.
Methods:
Fifty-five older adults with amnestic MCI (aMCI) were recruited and randomly assigned to an aerobic
exercise (AE) group, a resistance exercise (RE) group, or a control group. The assessment included neurocognitive
measures [e.g., behavior and event-related potential (ERP)] during a task-switching paradigm, as
well as circulating neuroprotective growth factors (e.g., BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF, and FGF-2) and inflammatory
cytokine (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15) levels at baseline and after either a 16-week aerobic or
resistance exercise intervention program or a control period.
Results:
Aerobic and resistance exercise could effectively partially facilitate neurocognitive performance [e.g.,
accuracy rates (ARs), reaction times during the heterogeneous condition, global switching cost, and ERP P3
amplitude] when the participants performed the task switching paradigm although the ERP P2 components and
P3 latency could not be changed. In terms of the circulating molecular biomarkers, the 16-week exercise interventions
did not change some parameters (e.g., leptin, VEGF, FGF-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8). However, the
peripheral serum BDNF level was significantly increased, and the levels of insulin, TNF-α, and IL-15 levels
were significantly decreased in the AE group, whereas the RE group showed significantly increased IGF-1
levels and decreased IL-15 levels. The relationships between the changes in neurocognitive performance (AR
and P3 amplitudes) and the changes in the levels of neurotrophins (BDNF and IGF-1)/inflammatory cytokines
(TNF-α) only approached significance.
Conclusion:
These findings suggested that in older adults with aMCI, not only aerobic but also resistance exercise
is effective with regard to increasing neurotrophins, reducing some inflammatory cytokines, and facilitating
neurocognitive performance. However, the aerobic and resistance exercise modes likely employed divergent
molecular mechanisms on neurocognitive facilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Liang Tsai
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Pai
- Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Huang S, Wu X, Wang Y, Jiang D. Correlation between MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism and the risk of Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1781-1786. [PMID: 30284076 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The -2518A/G polymorphism in monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) has been extensively investigated for association with Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the results from different studies are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to draw an accurate conclusion of the association. All eligible case-control studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biological Medicine Databases, and Wanfang Databases. Eight case-control studies with a total of 2370 cases and 2413 controls were eligible to be included in this meta-analysis. The association was evaluated by calculating the odds ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, there was no significant association between MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism and AD risk in all genetic models (the allele model G vs. A: OR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.92-1.45, p = 0.22; the co-dominant model GG vs. AA: OR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.80-2.36, p = 0.25; the dominant model AG + GG vs. AA: OR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.89-1.46, p = 0.31; the recessive model GG vs. AG + AA: OR = 1.35, 95% CI 0.87-2.09, p = 0.18). In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, a significant difference was not detected in both Caucasians and Asians. In allele model (G vs. A), the required sample size of 31858 was calculated by applying trial sequential analysis. Cumulative z curve is always below the trial sequential monitoring boundary and is nominally statistically significant (Z = 1.96). A consistent result was obtained in other genetic models. In summary, the present meta-analysis suggests that MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism may not be associated with genetic susceptibility of AD in general population, but the association remains indeterminate due to the insufficient evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Siyi Huang
- Departments of Human Biology (Neuroscience), University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Deqi Jiang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saito T, Saido TC. Neuroinflammation in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:211-218. [PMID: 30546389 PMCID: PMC6282739 DOI: 10.1111/cen3.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurocognitive disorder. Although both amyloid β peptide deposition and neurofibrillary tangle formation in the AD brain have been established as pathological hallmarks of the disease, many other factors contribute in a complex manner to the pathogenesis of AD before clinical symptoms of the disease become apparent. Longitudinal pathophysiological processes cause patients' brains to exist in a state of chronic neuroinflammation, with glial cells acting as key regulators of the neuroinflammatory state. However, the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms of glial function underlying AD pathogenesis remain elusive. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that peripheral inflammatory conditions affect glial cells in the brain through a process of neuroimmune communication. Such disease complexities make it difficult for the pathogenesis of AD to be understood, and impede the development of effective therapeutic strategies to combat the disease. Relevant AD animal models are thus likely to serve as a key resource to overcome many of these issues. Furthermore, as the pathogenesis of AD might be linked to conditions both within the brain as well as peripherally, it might become necessary for AD to be studied as a whole-body disorder. The present review aimed to summarize insights regarding current AD research, and share perspectives for understanding glial function in the context of the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Saito
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience Wako Japan.,Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Nagoya University Wako Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience Wako Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Changes in brain oxysterols at different stages of Alzheimer's disease: Their involvement in neuroinflammation. Redox Biol 2016; 10:24-33. [PMID: 27687218 PMCID: PMC5040635 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradually debilitating disease that leads to dementia. The molecular mechanisms underlying AD are still not clear, and at present no reliable biomarkers are available for the early diagnosis. In the last several years, together with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, altered cholesterol metabolism in the brain has become increasingly implicated in AD progression. A significant body of evidence indicates that oxidized cholesterol, in the form of oxysterols, is one of the main triggers of AD. The oxysterols potentially most closely involved in the pathogenesis of AD are 24-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol, respectively deriving from cholesterol oxidation by the enzymes CYP46A1 and CYP27A1. However, the possible involvement of oxysterols resulting from cholesterol autooxidation, including 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, is now emerging. In a systematic analysis of oxysterols in post-mortem human AD brains, classified by the Braak staging system of neurofibrillary pathology, alongside the two oxysterols of enzymatic origin, a variety of oxysterols deriving from cholesterol autoxidation were identified; these included 7-ketocholesterol, 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 4β-hydroxycholesterol, 5α,6α-epoxycholesterol, and 5β,6β-epoxycholesterol. Their levels were quantified and compared across the disease stages. Some inflammatory mediators, and the proteolytic enzyme matrix metalloprotease-9, were also found to be enhanced in the brains, depending on disease progression. This highlights the pathogenic association between the trends of inflammatory molecules and oxysterol levels during the evolution of AD. Conversely, sirtuin 1, an enzyme that regulates several pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory response, was reduced markedly with the progression of AD, supporting the hypothesis that the loss of sirtuin 1 might play a key role in AD. Taken together, these results strongly support the association between changes in oxysterol levels and AD progression.
Collapse
|
19
|
Inflammatory Cytokines and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review from the Perspective of Genetic Polymorphisms. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:469-80. [PMID: 27568024 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory processes are a central feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in which microglia are over-activated, resulting in the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, deficiencies in the anti-inflammatory system may also contribute to neuroinflammation. Recently, advanced methods for the analysis of genetic polymorphisms have further supported the relationship between neuroinflammatory factors and AD risk because a series of polymorphisms in inflammation-related genes have been shown to be associated with AD. In this review, we summarize the polymorphisms of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines related to AD, primarily interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor beta, as well as their functional activity in AD pathology. Exploration of the relationship between inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms and AD risk may facilitate our understanding of AD pathogenesis and contribute to improved treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
20
|
Freudenberg-Hua Y, Li W, Abhyankar A, Vacic V, Cortes V, Ben-Avraham D, Koppel J, Greenwald B, Germer S, Darnell RB, Barzilai N, Freudenberg J, Atzmon G, Davies P. Differential burden of rare protein truncating variants in Alzheimer's disease patients compared to centenarians. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3096-3105. [PMID: 27260402 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared coding region variants of 53 cognitively healthy centenarians and 45 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), all of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) ancestry. Despite the small sample size, the known AD risk variant APOE4 reached genome-wide significance, indicating the advantage of utilizing 'super-controls'. We restricted our subsequent analysis to rare variants observed at most once in the 1000 Genomes database and having a minor allele frequency below 2% in our AJ sample. We compared the burden of predicted protein altering variants between cases and controls as normalized by the level of rare synonymous variants. We observed an increased burden among AD subjects for predicted loss-of-function (LoFs) variants defined as stop-gain, frame shift, initiation codon (INIT) and splice site mutations (n = 930, OR = 1.3, P = 1.5×E-5). There was no enrichment across all rare protein altering variants defined as missense plus LoFs, in frame indels and stop-loss variants (n = 13 014, OR = 0.97, P = 0.47). Among LoFs, the strongest burden was observed for INIT (OR = 2.16, P = 0.0097) and premature stop variants predicted to cause non-sense-mediated decay in the majority of transcripts (NMD) (OR = 1.98, P = 0.02). Notably, this increased burden of NMD, INIT and splice variants was more pronounced in a set of 1397 innate immune genes (OR = 4.55, P = 0.0043). Further comparison to additional exomes indicates that the difference in LoF burden originated both from the AD and centenarian sample. In summary, we observed an overall increased burden of rare LoFs in AD subjects as compared to centenarians, and this enrichment is more pronounced for innate immune genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Freudenberg-Hua
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA .,Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA
| | - Wentian Li
- Robert S Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | | | | | - Vanessa Cortes
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Danny Ben-Avraham
- Institute for Aging Research and the Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeremy Koppel
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Blaine Greenwald
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nir Barzilai
- Institute for Aging Research and the Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Robert S Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,The Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA and
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Institute for Aging Research and the Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Peter Davies
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zheng C, Zhou XW, Wang JZ. The dual roles of cytokines in Alzheimer's disease: update on interleukins, TNF-α, TGF-β and IFN-γ. Transl Neurodegener 2016; 5:7. [PMID: 27054030 PMCID: PMC4822284 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-016-0054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly. Although the mechanisms underlying AD neurodegeneration are not fully understood, it is well recognized that inflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation and/or deterioration of AD neurodegeneration. Increasing evidence suggests that different cytokines, including interleukins, TNF-α, TGF-β and IFN-γ, are actively participated in AD pathogenesis and may serve as diagnostic or therapeutic targets for AD neurodegeneration. Here, we review the progress in understanding the important role that these cytokines or neuroinflammation has played in AD etiology and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xin-Wen Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China ; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, 226000 China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Genetic and Transcriptomic Profiles of Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Alzheimer, Parkinson, Creutzfeldt-Jakob and Tauopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:206. [PMID: 26861289 PMCID: PMC4783939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in certain inflammatory-related genes have been identified as putative differential risk factors of neurodegenerative diseases with abnormal protein aggregates, such as sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (sPD). Gene expression studies of cytokines and mediators of the immune response have been made in post-mortem human brain samples in AD, sPD, sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) subtypes MM1 and VV2, Pick’s disease (PiD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration linked to mutation P301L in MAPT Frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau (FTLD-tau). The studies have disclosed variable gene regulation which is: (1) disease-dependent in the frontal cortex area 8 in AD, sPD, sCJD MM1 and VV2, PiD, PSP and FTLD-tau; (2) region-dependent as seen when comparing the entorhinal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and frontal cortex area 8 (FC) in AD; the substantia nigra, putamen, FC, and angular gyrus in PD, as well as the FC and cerebellum in sCJD; (3) genotype-dependent as seen considering sCJD MM1 and VV2; and (4) stage-dependent as seen in AD at different stages of disease progression. These observations show that regulation of inflammation is much more complicated and diverse than currently understood, and that new therapeutic approaches must be designed in order to selectively act on specific targets in particular diseases and at different time points of disease progression.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dong X, Zhang L, Meng Q, Gao Q. Association Between Interleukin-1A, Interleukin-1B, and Bridging integrator 1 Polymorphisms and Alzheimer's Disease: a standard and Cumulative Meta-analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:736-747. [PMID: 26768592 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been one of the most prevalent health problems among senior population. Interleukin-1A (IL-1A) and IL-1B are two isoforms of IL-1. Recent studies suggested that certain polymorphisms on these two genes are associated with AD. Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) is considered as common genetic risk factors for AD, whereas different studies have provided various conclusions regarding its role in AD. This study was designed to justify the association between multiple gene polymorphisms and AD through an evidence synthesis approach. We conducted a literature search to identify relevant articles published from 2000 to 2015 from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, in accordance with inclusion criteria. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the allele model. The effect estimates were summarized by both standard and cumulative meta-analysis. Finally, 54 articles with 88 independent studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Mutants in rs1800587 of IL-1A, rs1143634 of IL-1B, rs12989701, and rs744373 of BIN1 were significantly associated with AD onset. The difference effect of same single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on various ethnicities was also observed in our results. The present meta-analysis suggested that IL-1A, IL-1B, and BIN1 were candidate genes for AD pathogenesis. Polymorphisms of IL-1A, IL-1B, and BIN1 are associated with AD onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Qingling Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The People's Hospital of Qianxi County, Qianxi, 064300, China
| | - Qiuyan Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mun MJ, Kim JH, Choi JY, Jang WC. Genetic polymorphisms of interleukin genes and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: An update meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2016; 8:1-10. [PMID: 27014584 PMCID: PMC4792847 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recently, several meta-analyses have reported an association between interleukin (IL) gene polymorphisms and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several further papers discussing the relationship with the risk of AD have recently been published. The aim of this meta-analysis was to re-evaluate and update the associations between IL gene polymorphisms and the risk of AD. Methods The search sources were PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to July 2015, and the following search terms were used: “interleukin 1 or interleukin 6 or interleukin 10” and “variant or polymorphism or SNP” in combination with “Alzheimer's disease”. A meta-analysis using the pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals was carried out to assess the associations between four polymorphisms of IL genes (− 889C > T in IL-1α, − 511C > T in IL-1β, − 174G > C in IL-6 and − 1082G > A in IL-10) and the risk of AD under the heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, and recessive models with fixed- or random-effects models. Results A total of 21,864 cases and 40,321 controls from 93 individual studies were included in this meta-analysis. Our results indicated that the − 889C > T polymorphism was strongly associated with the increased risk of AD. However, three polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of AD. Conclusions Similar to previous meta-analyses, our updated meta-analysis suggested that the − 889C > T polymorphism may be a factor in AD. However, the results of our meta-analysis of the − 174G > C polymorphism differed from those of previous meta-analyses. Consequently, we suggest that the − 174G > C polymorphism may not be a risk factor for AD. 889 C > T polymorphism of IL-1α was significantly associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease Three polymorphisms (− 511C > T in IL − 1β, − 174G > C in IL-6 and − 1082G > A in IL-10) were no associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease The results of our meta-analyses for three polymorphisms (− 889C > T, − 511C > T and − 1082G > A) were similar to those previous meta-analyses. However, the results of the − 174G > C polymorphism were different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Mun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Graduate School, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Won-Cheoul Jang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ibi D, Yamada K. Therapeutic Targets for Neurodevelopmental Disorders Emerging from Animal Models with Perinatal Immune Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28218-29. [PMID: 26633355 PMCID: PMC4691039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing epidemiological evidence indicates that perinatal infection with various viral pathogens enhances the risk for several psychiatric disorders. The pathophysiological significance of astrocyte interactions with neurons and/or gut microbiomes has been reported in neurodevelopmental disorders triggered by pre- and postnatal immune insults. Recent studies with the maternal immune activation or neonatal polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid models of neurodevelopmental disorders have identified various candidate molecules that could be responsible for brain dysfunction. Here, we review the functions of several candidate molecules in neurodevelopment and brain function and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ibi
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Marciniak E, Faivre E, Dutar P, Alves Pires C, Demeyer D, Caillierez R, Laloux C, Buée L, Blum D, Humez S. The Chemokine MIP-1α/CCL3 impairs mouse hippocampal synaptic transmission, plasticity and memory. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15862. [PMID: 26511387 PMCID: PMC4625372 DOI: 10.1038/srep15862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are signaling molecules playing an important role in immune regulations. They are also thought to regulate brain development, neurogenesis and neuroendocrine functions. While chemokine upsurge has been associated with conditions characterized with cognitive impairments, their ability to modulate synaptic plasticity remains ill-defined. In the present study, we specifically evaluated the effects of MIP1-α/CCL3 towards hippocampal synaptic transmission, plasticity and spatial memory. We found that CCL3 (50 ng/ml) significantly reduced basal synaptic transmission at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse without affecting NMDAR-mediated field potentials. This effect was ascribed to post-synaptic regulations, as CCL3 did not impact paired-pulse facilitation. While CCL3 did not modulate long-term depression (LTD), it significantly impaired long-term potentiation (LTP), an effect abolished by Maraviroc, a CCR5 specific antagonist. In addition, sub-chronic intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of CCL3 also impair LTP. In accordance with these electrophysiological findings, we demonstrated that the icv injection of CCL3 in mouse significantly impaired spatial memory abilities and long-term memory measured using the two-step Y-maze and passive avoidance tasks. These effects of CCL3 on memory were inhibited by Maraviroc. Altogether, these data suggest that the chemokine CCL3 is an hippocampal neuromodulator able to regulate synaptic plasticity mechanisms involved in learning and memory functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Marciniak
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR_S1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, F-59000 Lille France
- CHU-Lille, F-59000 Lille France
| | - Emilie Faivre
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR_S1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, F-59000 Lille France
- CHU-Lille, F-59000 Lille France
| | - Patrick Dutar
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, UMR_S 894, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, 75014, Paris
| | - Claire Alves Pires
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR_S1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, F-59000 Lille France
- CHU-Lille, F-59000 Lille France
| | - Dominique Demeyer
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR_S1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, F-59000 Lille France
- CHU-Lille, F-59000 Lille France
| | - Raphaëlle Caillierez
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR_S1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, F-59000 Lille France
- CHU-Lille, F-59000 Lille France
| | - Charlotte Laloux
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- SFR DN2M, 59000 Lille France
| | - Luc Buée
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR_S1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, F-59000 Lille France
- CHU-Lille, F-59000 Lille France
| | - David Blum
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR_S1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, F-59000 Lille France
- CHU-Lille, F-59000 Lille France
| | - Sandrine Humez
- Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Inserm UMR_S1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, F-59000 Lille France
- CHU-Lille, F-59000 Lille France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zamani M, Mohammadi M, Zamani H, Tavasoli A. Pharmacogenetic Study on the Impact of Rivastigmine Concerning Genetic Variants of A2M and IL-6 Genes on Iranian Alzheimer's Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4521-8. [PMID: 26289409 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a polygenic and multifactorial disease with a complex inheritance caused by the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Increasing evidence indicates that many genes including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2M) may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. The A2M gene encodes α2-macroglobulin which specifically binds with the beta-amyloid peptides and prevents fibril formation. Protein of the IL-6 gene linked to beta-amyloid (βA) aggregation was detected in βA plaques in the brain of AD patients. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship of the IL-6 and A2M gene polymorphisms with AD and also the impact of rivastigmine on AD patients regarding their genotypes on IL-6 and A2M genes in 150 Iranian AD patients under rivastigmine therapy and 150 matched healthy controls. The results indicated that IL-6 G and C alleles had significant positive and negative association with AD, respectively, (P = 0.0001, relative risks (RR) = 1.39) and frequency of AD patients carrying IL-6 GG genotype was significantly in higher proportion in familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) patients compared to controls (P = 0.02, RR = 2.25), and the IL-6 CC genotype was significantly protective against AD (P = 0.0003, RR = 0.65). Genotype analysis of A2M gene showed a significant positive correlation between A2M AA genotype and the AD patients (sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) and FAD) (P = 0.001, RR = 1.56), proposing it as a possible risk factor for AD. Drug response from pharmacogenetic viewpoint after 3-year follow-up of AD patients and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) analysis demonstrated that AD patients carrying bigenic genotype IL-6 CC-A2M AG (ΔCDR = 4.5) and male patients with IL-6 CC genotype (ΔCDR = 3.83) provided the best response and the A2M GG genotype (ΔCDR = 7.97) and bigenic genotype IL-6 GG-A2M GG (ΔCDR = 8.5) conferred the worst response to the rivastigmine, suggesting likely involvement of genotype-specific response to rivastigmine therapy in AD patients. The results also propose that in view of the fact that C and G alleles created by nucleotide changes in the promoter region of IL-6 gene and this may affect the expression of the IL-6 gene and, hence, susceptible and protective role of GG and CC genotype in AD might be caused by higher and lower expression of IL-6 cytokine, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Zamani
- Department of Neurogenetics, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran. .,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masomeh Mohammadi
- Department of Neurogenetics, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Hamid Zamani
- Department of Neurogenetics, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavasoli
- Department of Neurology, Children Medical Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Christensen A, Pike CJ. Menopause, obesity and inflammation: interactive risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26217222 PMCID: PMC4493396 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, the development of which is regulated by several environmental and genetic risk factors. Two factors theorized to contribute to the initiation and/or progression of AD pathogenesis are age-related increases in inflammation and obesity. These factors may be particularly problematic in women. The onset of menopause in mid-life elevates the vulnerability of women to AD, an increased risk that is likely associated with the depletion of estrogens. Menopause is also linked with an abundance of additional changes, including increased central adiposity and inflammation. Here, we review the current literature to explore the interactions between obesity, inflammation, menopause and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Christensen
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian J Pike
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lefterov I, Schug J, Mounier A, Nam KN, Fitz NF, Koldamova R. RNA-sequencing reveals transcriptional up-regulation of Trem2 in response to bexarotene treatment. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:132-140. [PMID: 26071899 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that short term bexarotene treatment of APP/PS1 mice significantly improves their cognitive performance. While there were no changes in plaque load, or insoluble Aβ levels in brain, biochemical analysis strongly suggested improved clearance of soluble Aβ, including Aβ oligomers. To get further insight into molecular mechanisms underlying this therapeutic effect, we explored genome-wide differential gene expression in brain of bexarotene and control treated APP/PS1 mice. We performed high throughput massively parallel sequencing on mRNA libraries generated from cortices of bexarotene or vehicle treated APP/PS1 mice and compared the expression profiles for differential gene expression. Gene Ontology (GO) Biological Process categories with the highest fold enrichment and lowest False Discovery Rate (FDR) are clustered in GO terms immune response, inflammatory response, oxidation-reduction and immunoglobulin mediated immune response. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by ChIP-QPCR, and RT-QPCR expression assays were used to validate select genes, including Trem2, Tyrobp, Apoe and Ttr, differentially expressed in response to Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) activation. We found that bexarotene significantly increased the phagocytosis of soluble and insoluble Aβ in BV2 cells. The results of our study demonstrate that in AD model mice expressing human APP, gene networks up-regulated in response to RXR activation by the specific, small molecule, ligand bexarotene may influence diverse regulatory pathways that are considered critical for cognitive performance, inflammatory response and Aβ clearance, and may provide an explanation of the bexarotene therapeutic effect at the molecular level. This study also confirms that unbiased massive parallel sequencing approaches are useful and highly informative for revealing brain molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying responses to activated nuclear hormone receptors in AD animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iliya Lefterov
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Functional Genomics Core, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anais Mounier
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Kyong Nyon Nam
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Nicholas F Fitz
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Radosveta Koldamova
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maphis N, Xu G, Kokiko-Cochran ON, Jiang S, Cardona A, Ransohoff RM, Lamb BT, Bhaskar K. Reactive microglia drive tau pathology and contribute to the spreading of pathological tau in the brain. Brain 2015; 138:1738-55. [PMID: 25833819 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological aggregation of tau is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. We have previously shown that the deficiency of the microglial fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) led to the acceleration of tau pathology and memory impairment in an hTau mouse model of tauopathy. Here, we show that microglia drive tau pathology in a cell-autonomous manner. First, tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation occur as early as 2 months of age in hTauCx3cr1(-/-) mice. Second, CD45(+) microglial activation correlates with the spatial memory deficit and spread of tau pathology in the anatomically connected regions of the hippocampus. Third, adoptive transfer of purified microglia derived from hTauCx3cr1(-/-) mice induces tau hyperphosphorylation within the brains of non-transgenic recipient mice. Finally, inclusion of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (Kineret®) in the adoptive transfer inoculum significantly reduces microglia-induced tau pathology. Together, our results suggest that reactive microglia are sufficient to drive tau pathology and correlate with the spread of pathological tau in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Maphis
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, MSC08 4660, 1 University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM 87131, USA
| | - Guixiang Xu
- 2 Department of Neurosciences, NC30, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - Olga N Kokiko-Cochran
- 2 Department of Neurosciences, NC30, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - Shanya Jiang
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, MSC08 4660, 1 University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM 87131, USA
| | - Astrid Cardona
- 3 Department of Biology, University of Texas San Antonio, West Campus/Tobin lab MBT 1.216, San Antonio TX 78249, USA
| | | | - Bruce T Lamb
- 2 Department of Neurosciences, NC30, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - Kiran Bhaskar
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, MSC08 4660, 1 University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Williams SM. Epistasis in the risk of human neuropsychiatric disease. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1253:71-93. [PMID: 25403528 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2155-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disease represents the ideal class of disease to assess the role of epistasis, as more genes are expressed in the brain than in any other tissue. In this chapter, two well-studied neuropsychiatric diseases are examined, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia, which have been shown to have multiple and, often, replicated interactions that associate with clinical endpoints or related phenotypes. In each case, a single gene is represented in a plurality of epistatic interactions, apolipoprotein E (APOE) for AD and catechol-O-methyltransferase for schizophrenia. Interestingly, of the two, only APOE has clear-cut and consistent evidence for a marginal association. Unraveling the underlying reasons is important in understanding both genetic etiology and architecture as well as how to use genetics to provide better personalized treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Williams
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 78 College ST, HB 6044, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Doty KR, Guillot-Sestier MV, Town T. The role of the immune system in neurodegenerative disorders: Adaptive or maladaptive? Brain Res 2014; 1617:155-73. [PMID: 25218556 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases share common features, including catastrophic neuronal loss that leads to cognitive or motor dysfunction. Neuronal injury occurs in an inflammatory milieu that is populated by resident and sometimes, infiltrating, immune cells - all of which participate in a complex interplay between secreted inflammatory modulators and activated immune cell surface receptors. The importance of these immunomodulators is highlighted by the number of immune factors that have been associated with increased risk of neurodegeneration in recent genome-wide association studies. One of the more difficult tasks for designing therapeutic strategies for immune modulation against neurodegenerative diseases is teasing apart beneficial from harmful signals. In this regard, learning more about the immune components of these diseases has yielded common themes. These unifying concepts should eventually enable immune-based therapeutics for treatment of Alzheimer׳s and Parkinson׳s diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Targeted immune modulation should be possible to temper maladaptive factors, enabling beneficial immune responses in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Neuroimmunology in Health And Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Doty
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Terrence Town
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cudaback E, Yang Y, Montine TJ, Keene CD. APOE genotype-dependent modulation of astrocyte chemokine CCL3 production. Glia 2014; 63:51-65. [PMID: 25092803 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is well known as a regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, and is increasingly recognized to play a prominent role in the modulation of innate immune response, including cell-to-cell communication and migration. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuroinflammation that appears to be an important component of the pathophysiology of the disease. Astrocytes are the majority cell type in brain, exerting significant influence over a range of central nervous system activities, including microglial-mediated neuroinflammatory responses. As the resident innate immune effector cells of the brain, microglia respond to soluble chemical signals released from tissue during injury and disease by mobilizing to lesion sites, clearing toxic molecules, and releasing chemical signals of their own. While microglial-mediated neuroinflammation in the AD brain remains an area of intense investigation, the mechanisms underlying reinforcement and regulation of these aberrant microglial responses by astrocytes are largely unstudied. Moreover, although inheritance of APOE ɛ4 represents the greatest genetic risk factor for sporadic AD, the mechanism by which apoE isoforms differentially influence AD pathophysiology is unknown. Here we show that APOE ɛ4 genotype specifically modulates astrocyte secretion of potent microglial chemotactic agents, including CCL3, thus providing evidence that APOE modulation of central nervous system (CNS) innate immune response is mediated through astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiron Cudaback
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yamada S, Nagai T, Nakai T, Ibi D, Nakajima A, Yamada K. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 is a possible mediator of neurodevelopmental impairment due to polyI:C-induced innate immune activation of astrocytes. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 38:272-82. [PMID: 24594387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing epidemiological evidence indicates that prenatal infection and childhood central nervous system infection with various viral pathogens enhance the risk for several neuropsychiatric disorders. Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (polyI:C) is known to induce strong innate immune responses that mimic immune activation by viral infections. Our previous findings suggested that activation of the innate immune system in astrocytes results in impairments of neurite outgrowth and spine formation, which lead to behavioral abnormalities in adulthood. To identify candidates of astrocyte-derived humoral factors that affect neuronal development, we analyzed astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) from murine astrocyte cultures treated with polyI:C (polyI:C-ACM) by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Through a quantitative proteomic screen, we found that 13 protein spots were differentially expressed compared with ACM from vehicle-treated astrocytes (control-ACM), and characterized one of the candidates, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (Mmp3). PolyI:C treatment significantly increased the expression levels of Mmp3 mRNA and protein in astrocytes, but not microglia. PolyI:C-ACM was associated with significantly higher Mmp3 protein level and enzyme activity than control-ACM. The addition of recombinant Mmp3 into control-ACM impaired dendritic elongation of primary cultured hippocampal neurons, while the deleterious effect of polyI:C-ACM on neurite elongation was attenuated by knockdown of Mmp3 in astrocytes. These results suggest that Mmp3 is a possible mediator of polyI:C-ACM-induced neurodevelopmental impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ibi
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|