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Wang Z, Diedrichsen J, Saltoun K, Steele C, Arnold-Anteraper SR, Yeo BTT, Schmahmann JD, Bzdok D. Structural covariation between cerebellum and neocortex intrinsic structural covariation links cerebellum subregions to the cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:849-869. [PMID: 39052236 PMCID: PMC11427046 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00164.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The human cerebellum is increasingly recognized to be involved in nonmotor and higher-order cognitive functions. Yet, its ties with the entire cerebral cortex have not been holistically studied in a whole brain exploration with a unified analytical framework. Here, we characterized dissociable cortical-cerebellar structural covariation patterns based on regional gray matter volume (GMV) across the brain in n = 38,527 UK Biobank participants. Our results invigorate previous observations in that important shares of cortical-cerebellar structural covariation are described as 1) a dissociation between the higher-level cognitive system and lower-level sensorimotor system and 2) an anticorrelation between the visual-attention system and advanced associative networks within the cerebellum. We also discovered a novel pattern of ipsilateral, rather than contralateral, cerebral-cerebellar associations. Furthermore, phenome-wide association assays revealed key phenotypes, including cognitive phenotypes, lifestyle, physical properties, and blood assays, associated with each decomposed covariation pattern, helping to understand their real-world implications. This systems neuroscience view paves the way for future studies to explore the implications of these structural covariations, potentially illuminating new pathways in our understanding of neurological and cognitive disorders.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cerebellum's association with the entire cerebral cortex has not been holistically studied in a unified way. Here, we conjointly characterize the population-level cortical-cerebellar structural covariation patterns leveraging ∼40,000 UK Biobank participants whole brain structural scans and ∼1,000 phenotypes. We revitalize the previous hypothesis of an anticorrelation between the visual-attention system and advanced associative networks within the cerebellum. We also discovered a novel ipsilateral cerebral-cerebellar associations. Phenome-wide association (PheWAS) revealed real-world implications of the structural covariation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wang
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, School of Computer Science, The Neuro-Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Mila-Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jörn Diedrichsen
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karin Saltoun
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, School of Computer Science, The Neuro-Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Mila-Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Steele
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sheeba Rani Arnold-Anteraper
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UTSW, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Centre for Translational MR Research, Centre for Sleep & Cognition, N.1 Institute for Health and Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, School of Computer Science, The Neuro-Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Mila-Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Goyal J, Rakhra G. Sedentarism and Chronic Health Problems. Korean J Fam Med 2024; 45:239-257. [PMID: 39327094 PMCID: PMC11427223 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.24.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased mechanization and technological advances have simplified our lives on the one hand and increased sedentary behaviors on the other hand, paving the way for emerging global health concerns, i.e., sedentarism, which could be the leading cause of all major chronic health problems worldwide. Sedentarism is a habitual behavior of choosing and indulging in low-energy expenditure activities (≤1.5 metabolic equivalents), such as chairtype (sitting, studying, traveling) or screen-type activities (TV, computers, mobile). With technological advancements, there is a significant transition in the lifestyles of people from being active (walking) to being more deskbound (sitting). Prolonged sitting can have unintended consequences for health with sitting time >7 h/d, leading to a 5% increase in all-cause mortality with each additional hour spent sitting (i.e., +7 h/d), while considering physical activity levels. This review will highlight how sedentarism is emerging as a major risk factor for the rising incidence of non-communicable diseases, especially among young adults and adults. Chronic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and cancer, are the leading causes of death worldwide. Hence, there is an urgent need for collective action to mitigate the burgeoning public health crisis posed by sedentarism in the 21st century. This paper intends to set in motion a call for all policymakers and public health professionals placed nationally or internationally to reach a consensus on ending sedentarism and provide viable resolutions for effective management of excessive sedentary behaviors and healthy adoption and maintenance of active lifestyles among individuals of all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Goyal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Gurseen Rakhra
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, India
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Wani MJ, Arif A, Salman KA, Mahmood R. Glycated LDL generates reactive species that damage cell components, oxidize hemoglobin and alter surface morphology in human erythrocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132257. [PMID: 38729492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transports cholesterol to various tissues via the blood. Glycation of LDL occurs during hyperglycemic condition which is characterised by persistently high blood glucose level. Circulating erythrocytes can come in direct contact with glycated LDL (G-LDL). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of G-LDL on human erythrocytes, specifically on hemoglobin, intracellular generation of reactive species and the antioxidant defence system. Isolated erythrocytes were incubated with G-LDL (3 and 6 mg/ml) and native LDL (6 mg/ml) at 37 °C for 24 h. Native LDL and G-LDL untreated erythrocytes were similarly incubated at 37 °C and served as control. G-LDL treatment increased hemolysis compared to control and native LDL-treated erythrocytes. Incubation of erythrocytes with G-LDL led to an increase in protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation while greatly decreasing the total sulfhydryl content. It also significantly enhanced hemoglobin oxidation, heme degradation, and the release of free iron moiety. Treatment with G-LDL led to an appreciable increase in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The antioxidant power and activities of major antioxidant enzymes were drastically reduced, while critical membrane-bound enzymes were inhibited. The surface morphology of G-LDL-treated erythrocytes was altered leading to the formation of echinocytes. Importantly, treatment of erythrocytes with native LDL did not significantly affect the above-mentioned parameters and values were similar to the corresponding controls. Thus, G-LDL is cytotoxic to human erythrocytes and causes oxidative damage to cell components. This can reduce the oxygen-transporting ability of blood and also result in red cell senescence and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Junaid Wani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, J.N.M.C., Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Amin Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Khushtar Anwar Salman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, J.N.M.C., Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India.
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Al-Abdulla SA, Haj Bakri A, Mansaray MA, Al-Kuwari MG. Assessing the impact of annual health screenings in identifying noncommunicable disease risk factors within Qatar's primary health care corporation Qatari registered population. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1305636. [PMID: 38846608 PMCID: PMC11155192 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1305636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a significant global health burden, including in Qatar, where cardiovascular diseases cause mortality. This study examines the outcomes of the annual health checkup implemented by the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) in Qatar in detecting NCDs risk factors among Qataris aged 18+ years. Methods A cross-sectional study design was implemented to calculate the prevalence of behavioural and metabolic NCDs risk factors among Qataris who underwent annual health checkups between 2017 and 2019. Data on age, gender, tobacco consumption, height, weight, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and cholesterol levels were extracted from electronic medical records. Results In 2019, Qatar experienced an 80% rise in Annual Health checkups attendance compared to 2017. Tobacco use fluctuated between 11.79 and 12.91%, peaking at 35.67% among males in 2018. Qataris with elevated blood pressure dropped from 29.44% in 2017 to 18.52% in 2019. Obesity decreased from 48.32 to 42.29%, more prevalent in females. High HbA1c levels reduced from 13.33 to 8.52%, while pre-diabetic levels rose from 21.1 to 25.52%. High cholesterol ranged from 7.31 to 9.47%. In a regression analysis, males had 2.28 times higher odds of elevated blood pressure and 1.54 times higher odds of high HbA1c, with a 0.68 lower odds of obesity compared to females. Ages 36 and above had 2.61 times higher odds of high cholesterol compared to younger age groups. Conclusion The annual health screening has shown promising results in detecting and addressing NCDs risk factors among Qataris. The attendance rate has increased over the three-year period, and there has been a decrease in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure, obesity, and high HbA1c levels. However, tobacco consumption and pre-diabetic levels remain significant concerns. These findings can guide the implementation of tailored preventative and curative services to improve the health and well-being of the Qatari population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari
- Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Janssen JAMJL. Overnutrition, Hyperinsulinemia and Ectopic Fat: It Is Time for A Paradigm Shift in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5488. [PMID: 38791525 PMCID: PMC11121669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The worldwide incidence of prediabetes/type 2 has continued to rise the last 40 years. In the same period, the mean daily energy intake has increased, and the quality of food has significantly changed. The chronic exposure of pancreatic β-cells to calorie excess (excessive energy intake) and food additives may increase pancreatic insulin secretion, decrease insulin pulses and/or reduce hepatic insulin clearance, thereby causing chronic hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance. Chronic calorie excess and hyperinsulinemia may promote lipogenesis, inhibit lipolysis and increase lipid storage in adipocytes. In addition, calorie excess and hyperinsulinemia can induce insulin resistance and contribute to progressive and excessive ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and pancreas by the conversion of excess calories into fat. The personal fat threshold hypothesis proposes that in susceptible individuals, excessive ectopic fat accumulation may eventually lead to hepatic insulin receptor resistance, the loss of pancreatic insulin secretion, hyperglycemia and the development of frank type 2 diabetes. Thus, type 2 diabetes seems (partly) to be caused by hyperinsulinemia-induced excess ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and pancreas. Increasing evidence further shows that interventions (hypocaloric diet and/or bariatric surgery), which remove ectopic fat in the liver and pancreas by introducing a negative energy balance, can normalize insulin secretion and glucose tolerance and induce the sustained biochemical remission of type 2 diabetes. This pathophysiological insight may have major implications and may cause a paradigm shift in the management of type 2 diabetes: avoiding/reducing ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and pancreas may both be essential to prevent and cure type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A M J L Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Garneau L, Mulvihill EE, Smith SR, Sparks LM, Aguer C. Myokine Secretion following an Aerobic Exercise Intervention in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes with or without Exercise Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4889. [PMID: 38732106 PMCID: PMC11084395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by muscle metabolic dysfunction that exercise can minimize, but some patients do not respond to an exercise intervention. Myokine secretion is intrinsically altered in patients with T2D, but the role of myokines in exercise resistance in this patient population has never been studied. We sought to determine if changes in myokine secretion were linked to the response to an exercise intervention in patients with T2D. The participants followed a 10-week aerobic exercise training intervention, and patients with T2D were grouped based on muscle mitochondrial function improvement (responders versus non-responders). We measured myokines in serum and cell-culture medium of myotubes derived from participants pre- and post-intervention and in response to an in vitro model of muscle contraction. We also quantified the expression of genes related to inflammation in the myotubes pre- and post-intervention. No significant differences were detected depending on T2D status or response to exercise in the biological markers measured, with the exception of modest differences in expression patterns for certain myokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-15). Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms involving myokines may explain exercise resistance with T2D; however, the role in metabolic adaptations to exercise in T2D requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Garneau
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (L.G.); (E.E.M.)
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
| | - Erin E. Mulvihill
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (L.G.); (E.E.M.)
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Steven R. Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL 32804, USA; (S.R.S.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Lauren M. Sparks
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL 32804, USA; (S.R.S.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Céline Aguer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (L.G.); (E.E.M.)
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, McGill University–Campus Outaouais, Gatineau, QC J8V 3T4, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Kim Y, Campbell JP, Johannsen NM, Church TS, Cho E, Heaney J, Spielmann G. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise for 9 months on serum free light chains in type 2 diabetes. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1328470. [PMID: 38725572 PMCID: PMC11079445 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1328470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Serum polyclonal free light chains (FLCs) levels are associated with overall survival in the general population, reflecting their utility as a biomarker of underlying immune activation and inflammation. Regular exercise is known to ameliorate low-grade inflammation in chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes; however, the effects of different exercise training modalities on FLCs in adults with type 2 diabetes is unknown. This study investigated the effects of 9-month of aerobic, resistance or combined supervised exercise on serum FLCs in 164 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 58 ± 8 years; 63% female). Methods: 164 participants from the Health Benefits of Aerobic and Resistance Training in individuals with type 2 diabetes trial (HART-D) were randomly assigned to no exercise (n = 27), aerobic exercise alone (n = 41), resistance exercise alone (n = 49), or a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise (n = 47). Fasting serum samples were collected before and after completion of the intervention to quantify changes in kappa and lambda FLCs, and serum creatinine, using commercially-available ELISAs. Results: At baseline, combined kappa and lambda FLCs (FLC sum; calculated as kappa + lambda FLCs) were positively correlated with high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r = 0.237, p < 0.05) and fat mass (r = 0.162, p < 0.05), and negatively associated with aerobic fitness (r = -0.238, p < 0.05). While non-exercise controls exhibited an increase in FLCs over the 9-month study, exercise training blunted this increase (Δ FLC sum control arm: 3.25 ± 5.07 mg∙L-1 vs. all exercise arms: -0.252 ± 6.60 mg∙L-1, p < 0.05), regardless of exercise modality. Conclusion: Serum FLCs were associated with physical fitness and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes. 9-month of exercise training prevented the accumulation of FLCs, regardless of exercise modality. Unlike hs-CRP-which did not change during the trial-serum FLCs may serve as a more sensitive biomarker of chronic low-grade inflammation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyoung Kim
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - John P. Campbell
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Neil M. Johannsen
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Timothy S. Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Eunhan Cho
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jennifer Heaney
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Spielmann
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Rakhmawati HSN, Wungu CDK, Purwanto B, Andarianto A. Exercise under hypoxia on glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tzu Chi Med J 2024; 36:212-222. [PMID: 38645791 PMCID: PMC11025589 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_144_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To analyze the impact of exercise under hypoxic exposure versus normoxic exposure on blood glucose level, insulin level, and insulin sensitivity in people at risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods We systematically performed electronic searching on PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Scopus. Primary studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using Revman 5.4.1. Results Nine randomized controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. We found that physical exercise under hypoxic exposure had no significant effect on improving blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and insulin sensitivity in the elderly and sedentary people compared to normoxic condition. However, physical exercise during hypoxic exposure had a significant effect on lowering blood glucose levels in overweight/obese individuals (pooled Standardized Mean Difference = 0.29; 95% confidence interval = 0.01-0.57; P = 0.04). Conclusions Exercising under hypoxic exposure can be an alternative strategy for reducing blood glucose levels in overweight/obese people. Nevertheless, in other populations at risk of T2DM, exercising in hypoxic conditions gives similar results to normoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Purwanto
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Andre Andarianto
- Sport Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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Cando LFT, Quebral EPB, Ong EP, Catral CDM, Relador RJL, Velasco AJD, Alcazar RMU, Reyes NAL, Pilotin EJB, Ornos EDB, Paz-Pacheco E, Tantengco OAG. Current status of diabetes mellitus care and management in the Philippines. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102951. [PMID: 38382166 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS In this paper, we discuss the existing data on the burden of diabetes in the Philippines and present the status of management, prevention, and control of diabetes in the country. METHODS A review of literature was conducted to synthesize the status of diabetes mellitus in the Philippines. RESULTS An estimated 4.3 million Filipinos were diagnosed with diabetes, while 2.8 million remained undiagnosed in 2021. Diabetic retinopathy is a top cause of preventable blindness in Region 3, Philippines. Diabetic nephropathy contributes to 38% of renal disease cases in the Philippines. The 2021 Philippine Guidelines on Periodic Health Examination (PhEX) advocate for the utilization of fasting blood sugar (FBS) as a screening measure for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in healthy adults aged 40 years and older or in those with specified risk factors. The alternative option of hemoglobin A1c is (HbA1c) deemed appropriate but comes with a conditional recommendation due to its uneven accessibility across different regions of the country. Treatment guidelines align between the Philippines and the US. Initial medical nutrition therapy involves healthy habits, progressing to pharmacologic treatment if necessary. Financial constraints, seen in limited insurance coverage and high out-of-pocket costs, impede care, amplifying disease impact. The complex diabetes care, encompassing pharmacotherapy, nutrition, exercise, and monitoring, faced challenges during COVID-19 quarantines. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the paper outlines diabetes care principles-screening, diagnostics, and multidisciplinary care-alongside economic implications. Local and national initiatives are discussed to mitigate diabetes trends and reduce its burden in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Faye T Cando
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Elgin Paul B Quebral
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines; Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Erika P Ong
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Ruth Joy L Relador
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Er Joshua B Pilotin
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Eric David B Ornos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Elizabeth Paz-Pacheco
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital, Taft Avenue, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ourlad Alzeus G Tantengco
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines; Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines.
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Lisco G, Disoteo OE, De Tullio A, De Geronimo V, Giagulli VA, Monzani F, Jirillo E, Cozzi R, Guastamacchia E, De Pergola G, Triggiani V. Sarcopenia and Diabetes: A Detrimental Liaison of Advancing Age. Nutrients 2023; 16:63. [PMID: 38201893 PMCID: PMC10780932 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related clinical complaint characterized by the progressive deterioration of skeletal muscle mass and strength over time. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with faster and more relevant skeletal muscle impairment. Both conditions influence each other, leading to negative consequences on glycemic control, cardiovascular risk, general health status, risk of falls, frailty, overall quality of life, and mortality. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for research articles, scientific reports, observational studies, clinical trials, narrative and systematic reviews, and meta-analyses to review the evidence on the pathophysiology of di-abetes-induced sarcopenia, its relevance in terms of glucose control and diabetes-related outcomes, and diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The review comprehensively addresses key elements for the clinical definition and diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia, the pathophysiological correlation be-tween T2D, sarcopenia, and related outcomes, a critical review of the role of antihyperglycemic treatment on skeletal muscle health, and perspectives on the role of specific treatment targeting myokine signaling pathways involved in glucose control and the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism and trophism. Prompt diagnosis and adequate management, including lifestyle inter-vention, health diet programs, micronutrient supplementation, physical exercise, and pharmaco-logical treatment, are needed to prevent or delay skeletal muscle deterioration in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lisco
- Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.); (E.J.); (E.G.)
| | - Olga Eugenia Disoteo
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Sant Anna Hospital, 22020 San Fermo della Battaglia, Italy;
| | - Anna De Tullio
- Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.); (E.J.); (E.G.)
| | - Vincenzo De Geronimo
- Unit of Endocrinology, Clinical Diagnostic Center Morgagni, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.); (E.J.); (E.G.)
| | - Fabio Monzani
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.); (E.J.); (E.G.)
| | - Renato Cozzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.); (E.J.); (E.G.)
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.); (E.J.); (E.G.)
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11
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Burton MA, Garratt ES, Hewitt MO, Sharkh HY, Antoun E, Westbury LD, Dennison EM, Harvey NC, Cooper C, MacIsaac JL, Kobor MS, Patel HP, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop KA. DNA methylation of insulin signaling pathways is associated with HOMA2-IR in primary myoblasts from older adults. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:17. [PMID: 37898813 PMCID: PMC10612387 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While ageing is associated with increased insulin resistance (IR), the molecular mechanisms underlying increased IR in the muscle, the primary organ for glucose clearance, have yet to be elucidated in older individuals. As epigenetic processes are suggested to contribute to the development of ageing-associated diseases, we investigated whether differential DNA methylation was associated with IR in human primary muscle stem cells (myoblasts) from community-dwelling older individuals. METHODS We measured DNA methylation (Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip) in myoblast cultures from vastus lateralis biopsies (119 males/females, mean age 78.24 years) from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study extension (HSSe) and examined differentially methylated cytosine phosphate guanine (CpG) sites (dmCpG), regions (DMRs) and gene pathways associated with HOMA2-IR, an index for the assessment of insulin resistance, and levels of glycated hemoglobin HbA1c. RESULTS Thirty-eight dmCpGs (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05) were associated with HOMA2-IR, with dmCpGs enriched in genes linked with JNK, AMPK and insulin signaling. The methylation signal associated with HOMA2-IR was attenuated after the addition of either BMI (6 dmCpGs), appendicular lean mass index (ALMi) (7 dmCpGs), grip strength (15 dmCpGs) or gait speed (23 dmCpGs) as covariates in the model. There were 8 DMRs (Stouffer < 0.05) associated with HOMA2-IR, including DMRs within T-box transcription factor (TBX1) and nuclear receptor subfamily-2 group F member-2 (NR2F2); the DMRs within TBX1 and NR2F2 remained associated with HOMA2-IR after adjustment for BMI, ALMi, grip strength or gait speed. Forty-nine dmCpGs and 21 DMRs were associated with HbA1c, with cg13451048, located within exoribonuclease family member 3 (ERI3) associated with both HOMA2-IR and HbA1c. HOMA2-IR and HbA1c were not associated with accelerated epigenetic ageing. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that insulin resistance is associated with differential DNA methylation in human primary myoblasts with both muscle mass and body composition making a significant contribution to the methylation changes associated with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Burton
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emma S Garratt
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew O Hewitt
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hanan Y Sharkh
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elie Antoun
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Leo D Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia L MacIsaac
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Edwin S.H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Edwin S.H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Harnish P Patel
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Academic Geriatric Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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12
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Malaikah S, Willis SA, Henson J, Sargeant JA, Yates T, Thackray AE, Goltz FR, Roberts MJ, Bodicoat DH, Aithal GP, Stensel DJ, King JA. Associations of objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and cardiorespiratory fitness with adipose tissue insulin resistance and ectopic fat. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1000-1007. [PMID: 37491534 PMCID: PMC10511317 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Inadequate movement, excess adiposity, and insulin resistance augment cardiometabolic risk. This study examined the associations of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), with adipose tissue insulin resistance and ectopic fat. METHODS Data were combined from two previous experimental studies with community volunteers (n = 141, male = 60%, median (interquartile range) age = 37 (19) years, body mass index (BMI) = 26.1 (6.3) kg·m-2). Adipose tissue insulin resistance was assessed using the adipose tissue insulin resistance index (Adipo-IR); whilst magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure liver, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (ScAT). Sedentary time and MVPA were measured via an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer. Generalized linear models examined the association of CRF, MVPA, and sedentary time with Adipo-IR and fat depots. Interaction terms explored the moderating influence of age, sex, BMI and CRF. RESULTS After controlling for BMI and cardiometabolic variables, sedentary time was positively associated with Adipo-IR (β = 0.68 AU [95%CI = 0.27 to 1.10], P < 0.001). The association between sedentary time and Adipo-IR was moderated by age, CRF and BMI; such that it was stronger in individuals who were older, had lower CRF and had a higher BMI. Sedentary time was also positively associated with VAT (β = 0.05 L [95%CI = 0.01 to 0.08], P = 0.005) with the relationship being stronger in females than males. CRF was inversely associated with VAT (β = -0.02 L [95%CI = -0.04 to -0.01], P = 0.003) and ScAT (β = -0.10 L [95%CI = -0.13 to -0.06], P < 0.001); with sex and BMI moderating the strength of associations with VAT and ScAT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary time is positively associated with adipose tissue insulin resistance which regulates lipogenesis and lipolysis. CRF is independently related to central fat storage which is a key risk factor for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Malaikah
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Scott A Willis
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Joseph Henson
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jack A Sargeant
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alice E Thackray
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Fernanda R Goltz
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Matthew J Roberts
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David J Stensel
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Central Ave, Hong Kong
| | - James A King
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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13
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Schembri E, Heinz A, Samuel R. Associations between sedentary behavior and health and the moderating role of physical activity in young people within a cross-sectional investigation. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102316. [PMID: 37484923 PMCID: PMC10362304 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of sedentary behavior (SB) on the frequency of health complaints (fHC) as well as on self-rated health (SRH) and body mass index (BMI), and to determine whether physical activity (PA) moderated this influence. Data were obtained from the Youth Survey Luxembourg 2019 (N = 2,802), a nationally representative stratified random sample of all youths aged 16 to 29 years who were living in Luxembourg. fHC is a composite measure of eight common psychosomatic health complaints, SRH was measured on a five-point scale, and BMI was calculated by dividing participants' body weight by the square of their body height (kg/m2). PA and SB values were obtained from factor analyses of the relevant questionnaire items. SB was evaluated as both leisure-time SB and gaming-associated SB. Multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and migration status were used to determine the association between SB, fHC, BMI, and SRH. We found that leisure-time SB was positively associated with fHC, but not with SRH or BMI. Gaming-associated SB was positively associated with fHC and BMI but was negatively associated with SRH. PA was negatively associated with fHC, BMI and SRH. No statistically significant moderating effects were observed. We found that both leisure-time and gaming-associated SB showed statistically significant impacts on health. Although PA is known to be beneficial to health, we conclude that its potential to mitigate the negative effects of SB is limited in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Schembri
- Centre for Childhood and Youth Research, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Health, IU International University of Applied Sciences
| | - Robin Samuel
- Centre for Childhood and Youth Research, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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14
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Lim YS, Ho B, Goh YS. Effectiveness of game-based exercise interventions on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors of individuals with type two diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2023; 20:377-400. [PMID: 36380456 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary lifestyles have been identified as a major risk factor for cardiovascular complications for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Using video-gaming components, game-based exercise interventions can encourage these individuals to engage in regular physical activity (PA), given their favorable interactive interfaces, feedback, and on-demand flow experiences. AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of game-based exercise interventions, on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life, and PA levels among individuals with T2DM. METHODS Published and unpublished studies were retrieved from eight electronic databases and reference lists of the included studies. Articles included in this study were from the inception of the databases to January 2022. Two reviewers performed screening, quality appraisal, and data extraction independently. Meta-analyses were conducted for the primary and secondary outcomes through RevMan. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022298894). RESULTS Of the 11 selected studies involving 1045 individuals of both genders with T2DM, 9 were included in the meta-analyses for glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, quality of life, and physical activity levels. The meta-analyses reported very small to large effect sizes favoring game-based exercise interventions. Large effect sizes were reported for systolic BP, diastolic BP, and quality of life measured through SF-12 Mental Component Summary scores. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Game-based exercise interventions may improve modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life, and PA levels among individuals with T2DM. Supervision, PA levels, or motivation can affect the effectiveness of game-based exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sheng Lim
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Ben Ho
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Yong-Shian Goh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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15
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Zhao F, Tomita M, Dutta A. Operational Modal Analysis of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Measure of 2-Month Exercise Intervention Effects in Sedentary Older Adults with Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1099. [PMID: 37509027 PMCID: PMC10377417 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators) found that diabetes significantly increases the overall burden of disease, leading to a 24.4% increase in disability-adjusted life years. Persistently high glucose levels in diabetes can cause structural and functional changes in proteins throughout the body, and the accumulation of protein aggregates in the brain that can be associated with the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). To address this burden in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program was developed based on the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The prospectively registered clinical trials (NCT04626453, NCT04812288) involved two groups: an Intervention group of older sedentary adults with T2DM and a Control group of healthy older adults who could be either active or sedentary. The completion rate for the 2-month exercise program was high, with participants completing on an average of 89.14% of the exercise sessions. This indicated that the program was practical, feasible, and well tolerated, even during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also safe, requiring minimal equipment and no supervision. Our paper presents portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) based measures that showed muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), i.e., the balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption in muscle, drop during bilateral heel rise task (BHR) and the 6 min walk task (6MWT) significantly (p < 0.05) changed at the post-intervention follow-up from the pre-intervention baseline in the T2DM Intervention group participants. Moreover, post-intervention changes from pre-intervention baseline for the prefrontal activation (both oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin) showed statistically significant (p < 0.05, q < 0.05) effect at the right superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral, during the Mini-Cog task. Here, operational modal analysis provided further insights into the 2-month exercise intervention effects on the very-low-frequency oscillations (<0.05 Hz) during the Mini-Cog task that improved post-intervention in the sedentary T2DM Intervention group from their pre-intervention baseline when compared to active healthy Control group. Then, the 6MWT distance significantly (p < 0.01) improved in the T2DM Intervention group at post-intervention follow-up from pre-intervention baseline that showed improved aerobic capacity and endurance. Our portable NIRS based measures have practical implications at the point of care for the therapists as they can monitor muscle and brain oxygenation changes during physical and cognitive tests to prescribe personalized physical exercise doses without triggering individual stress response, thereby, enhancing vascular health in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Machiko Tomita
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Anirban Dutta
- School of Engineering, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN67TS, UK
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16
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Levine JA. The Fidget Factor and the obesity paradox. How small movements have big impact. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1122938. [PMID: 37077429 PMCID: PMC10106700 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1122938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis is that the Fidget Factor is the innate neurological pulse that propels humans and other species to move to support their health. Fidgets, previously thought to be spontaneous, are neurologically regulated and highly ordered (non-random). Modern societies being chair-based overwhelm Fidget Factor pulses and consequently inflict chair-based living for transportation, labor, and leisure. Despite impulses firing through the nervous system, people sit because environmental design overwhelms the biology. Urbanization and chair-based societies were designed after the industrial revolution to promote productivity; however, the consequence has been opposite. Crushing the natural urge to move—the Fidget Factor—is a public health calamity. Excess sitting is associated with a myriad of detrimental health consequences and impairs productivity. Fidgeting may reduce all-cause mortality associated with excessive sitting. The Fidget Factor offers hope; data demonstrate that workplaces and schools can be designed to promote activity and free people's Fidget Factors. Evidence shows that people are happier, healthier, wealthier, and more successful if their Fidget Factors are freed.
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17
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Andersson DP, Kerr AG, Dahlman I, Rydén M, Arner P. Relationship Between a Sedentary Lifestyle and Adipose Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2023; 72:316-325. [PMID: 36445942 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary people have insulin resistance in their skeletal muscle, but whether this also occurs in fat cells was unknown. Insulin inhibition of hydrolysis of triglycerides (antilipolysis) and stimulation of triglyceride formation (lipogenesis) were investigated in subcutaneous fat cells from 204 sedentary and 336 physically active subjects. Insulin responsiveness (maximum hormone effect) and sensitivity (half-maximal effective concentration) were determined. In 69 women, hyperinsulinemia-induced circulating fatty acid levels were measured. In 128 women, adipose gene expression was analyzed. Responsiveness of insulin for antilipolysis (60% inhibition) and lipogenesis (twofold stimulation) were similar between sedentary and active subjects. Sensitivity for both measures decreased ˜10-fold in sedentary subjects (P < 0.01). However, upon multiple regression analysis, only the association between antilipolysis sensitivity and physical activity remained significant when adjusting for BMI, age, sex, waist-to-hip ratio, fat-cell size, and cardiometabolic disorders. Fatty acid levels decreased following hyperinsulinemia but remained higher in sedentary compared with active women (P = 0.01). mRNA expression of insulin receptor and its substrates 1 and 2 was decreased in sedentary subjects. In conclusion, while the maximum effect is preserved, sensitivity to insulin's antilipolytic effect in subcutaneous fat cells is selectively lower in sedentary subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Andersson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alastair G Kerr
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kirwan JP, Heintz EC, Rebello CJ, Axelrod CL. Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4559-4585. [PMID: 36815623 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a systemic, multifactorial disease that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite a rise in the number of available medications and treatments available for management, exercise remains a first-line prevention and intervention strategy due to established safety, efficacy, and tolerability in the general population. Herein we review the predisposing risk factors for, prevention, pathophysiology, and treatment of type 2 diabetes. We emphasize key cellular and molecular adaptive processes that provide insight into our evolving understanding of how, when, and what types of exercise may improve glycemic control. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:1-27, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Kirwan
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Heintz
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Candida J Rebello
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Wani MJ, Salman KA, Moin S, Arif A. Effect of crocin on glycated human low-density lipoprotein: A protective and mechanistic approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:121958. [PMID: 36244155 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is known to have a role in coronary artery diseases when it undergoes modification due to hyperglycaemic conditions. Plant products like crocin play an essential role in protecting against oxidative stress and in the production of advanced glycation end-products (A.G.E.s). In this study, the anti-glycating effect of crocin was analyzed using various biochemical, spectroscopic, and in silico approaches. Glycation-mediated oxidative stress was confirmed by nitroblue tetrazolium, carbonyl content, and lipid peroxidation assays, and it was efficiently protected by crocin in a concentration-dependent manner. A.N.S. fluorescence, thioflavin T (ThT) assay, and electron microscopy confirmed that the structural changes in LDL during glycation lead to the formation of fibrillar aggregates, which can be minimized by crocin treatment. Moreover, secondary structural perturbations in LDL were observed using circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), where crocin was found to prevent the loss of secondary structure in glycated LDL. Spectroscopic studies like U.V. absorbance, fluorescence spectroscopy, CD, FTIR, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) provided insights into the interaction mechanism between LDL and crocin. Molecular docking supports these results with a highly negative binding energy of -10.3 kcal/mol, suggesting the formation of a stable ldl-crocin complex. Our study indicates that crocin may be a potent protective agent against coronary artery diseases by limiting the glycation of LDL in people with such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Junaid Wani
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C., Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, (U.P.), India.
| | - Khushtar Anwar Salman
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C., Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, (U.P.), India
| | - Shagufta Moin
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C., Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, (U.P.), India
| | - Amin Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, (U.P.), India
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Lu AS, Pelarski V, Alon D, Baran A, McGarrity E, Swaminathan N, Sousa CV. The effect of narrative element incorporation on physical activity and game experience in active and sedentary virtual reality games. VIRTUAL REALITY 2023; 27:1-16. [PMID: 36742343 PMCID: PMC9888740 DOI: 10.1007/s10055-023-00754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Narratives are pervasive in video games and have been found to increase physical activity in active video games. However, the effect of incorporating narrative elements has seldom been examined in fully immersive virtual reality games. We investigated the effect of narrative element incorporation (between-subject: narrative vs. no narrative) in active virtual reality and sedentary virtual reality games (within-subject) and examined between- and within-subject effects on physical activity behavior, game experience, and physical activity engagement. We randomized 36 sedentary college students to either the narrative or the non-narrative group. All participants played an active virtual reality and a sedentary virtual reality game in counter-balanced order. Before each game session, they either watched a 5-min narrative video (narrative) or directly played the original virtual reality games without narratives (non-narrative). We collected participants' physical activity data using wrist-worn accelerometers; we obtained their game experience and physical activity engagement via questionnaires. The narrative group spent a greater proportion of time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (%) and had less non-movement time during the active virtual reality gameplay than the non-narrative group (all p values < .05). The active virtual reality sessions induced a greater positive affect and greater physical activity engagement ratings than the sedentary virtual reality sessions. The incorporation of narrative elements in active virtual reality increased the relative time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and reduced non-movement time, compared to the non-narrative group. Active virtual reality encouraged more activity by participants and offered them a more enjoyable gaming experience in which they engaged more. Active virtual reality is a feasible physical activity promotion option among sedentary adults; the incorporation of narrative elements in active virtual reality helps increase relative moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and should be further explored for its efficacy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10055-023-00754-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Shirong Lu
- Health Technology Lab, College of Arts, Media and Design, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Victoria Pelarski
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Dar Alon
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Aleksandra Baran
- Health Technology Lab, College of Arts, Media and Design, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Emma McGarrity
- Health Technology Lab, College of Arts, Media and Design, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Neha Swaminathan
- Health Technology Lab, College of Arts, Media and Design, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Caio Victor Sousa
- Health and Human Sciences, Frank R. Seaver College of Science and Engineering, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA
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21
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Huang PC, Chen JS, Potenza MN, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH, Chen JK, Lin YC, Hung CH, O'Brien KS, Lin CY. Temporal associations between physical activity and three types of problematic use of the internet: A six-month longitudinal study. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:1055-1067. [PMID: 36427199 PMCID: PMC9881666 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Internet use has become an important part of daily living. However, for a minority it may become problematic. Moreover, problematic use of the Internet/smartphone (PUIS) has been associated with low physical activity. The present study investigated the temporal associations between three types of PUIS (i.e., problematic smartphone use [PSPU], problematic social media use [PSMU] and problematic gaming [PG]) and physical activity among Taiwanese university students. Methods A six-month longitudinal survey study comprising three time points for assessments was conducted. From the original 974 participants, a total of 452 completed all three waves of an online survey comprising the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) assessing physical activity level, Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) assessing PSPU, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) assessing PSMU, and Internet Gaming Disorder Short Form (IGDS9-SF) assessing PG. Results The linear mixed effects model found positive temporal associations of PSMU and PG with physical activity level (PSMU: B = 85.88, SE = 26.24; P = 0.001; PG: B = 36.81, SE = 15.17; P = 0.02). PSPU was not associated with physical activity level (B = 40.54, SE = 22.99; P = 0.08). Additionally, the prevalence rates were 44.4% for at-risk/PSPU, 24.6% for at-risk/PSMU, and 12.3% for at-risk/PG. Discussion and Conclusions PSMU and PG unexpectedly demonstrated correlations with higher physical activity level. The nature of these relationships warrants additional investigation into the underlying mechanisms in order to promote healthy lifestyles among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ching Huang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Early Childhood and Family Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kerry S. O'Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Bashir H, Majid S, Khan MS, Bhat MH, Hamid R, Ashraf R, Faiz S. Inter-relationship of Pro- and Anti- inflammatory Biomarkers with the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Colomer FA, Cugat MÀC, Bort-Roig J, Chirveches-Pérez E, Zaldúa YC, Martín-Cantera C, Franch-Nadal J, Puig-Ribera A. Differences in Free-Living Patterns of Sedentary Behaviour between Office Employees with Diabetes and Office Employees without Diabetes: A Principal Component Analysis for Clinical Practice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12245. [PMID: 36231564 PMCID: PMC9566776 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To identify principal components of free-living patterns of sedentary behaviour in office employees with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to normal glucose metabolism (NGM) office employees, using principal component analysis (PCA). METHODS 213 office employees (n = 81 with T2D; n = 132 with NGM) wore an activPAL inclinometer 24 h a day for 7 consecutive days. Comparions of sedentary behaviour patterns between adults with T2D and NGM determined the dimensions that best characterise the sedentary behaviour patterns of office employees with T2D at work, outside work and at weekends. RESULTS The multivariate PCA technique identified two components that explained 60% of the variability present in the data of sedentary behaviour patterns in the population with diabetes. This was characterised by a fewer number of daily breaks and breaks in time intervals of less than 20 min both at work, outside work and at weekends. On average, adults with T2D took fewer 31 breaks/day than adults without diabetes. CONCLUSION Effective interventions from clinical practice to tackle prolonged sedentary behaviour in office employees with T2D should focus on increasing the number of daily sedentary breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Alòs Colomer
- Primary Healthcare Centre Passeig de Sant Joan, Catalan Health Institute, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Member of the redGDPS Foundation, 08204 Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Judit Bort-Roig
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group, Centre for Health and Social Care Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Emilia Chirveches-Pérez
- Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences, Centre for Health and Social Care Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Yoseba Cánovas Zaldúa
- Primary Healthcare Centre Passeig de Sant Joan, Catalan Health Institute, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Head of Training, Catalan Health Institute, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Martín-Cantera
- Barcelona Research Support Unit, Foundation Primary Care Research Institute IDIAP Jordi Gol, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- Member of the redGDPS Foundation, 08204 Sabadell, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Puig-Ribera
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group, Centre for Health and Social Care Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
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De Craemer M, Van Stappen V, Brondeel R, Iotova V, Chakarova N, Rurik I, Lindström J, Kivelä J, Moreno LA, Mavrogianni C, Manios Y, Cardon G. Self-reported lifestyle behaviours in families with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes across six European countries: a cross-sectional analysis from the Feel4Diabetes-study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:213. [PMID: 36002885 PMCID: PMC9404668 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy lifestyle decreases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The current cross-sectional study aimed to describe self-reported lifestyle behaviours and compare them to current health guidelines in European Feel4Diabetes-families at risk for developing type 2 diabetes across six countries (Belgium, Finland, Spain, Greece, Hungary and Bulgaria). METHODS Parents and their children were recruited through primary schools located in low socio-economic status areas. Parents filled out the FINDRISC-questionnaire (eight items questioning age, Body Mass Index, waist circumference, PA, daily consumption of fruit, berries or vegetables, history of antihypertensive drug treatment, history of high blood glucose and family history of diabetes), which was used for the risk assessment of the family. Sociodemographic factors and several lifestyle behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, water consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, soft drink consumption, sweets consumption, snack consumption, breakfast consumption) of both adults and children were assessed by parental questionnaires. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to investigate families' lifestyle behaviours, to compare these levels to health guidelines and to assess potential differences between the countries. Analyses were controlled for age, sex and socio-economic status. RESULTS Most Feel4Diabetes-families at risk (parents and their children) did not comply with the guidelines regarding healthy behaviours, set by the WHO, European or national authorities. Less than half of parents and children complied with the physical activity guidelines, less than 15% of them complied with the fruit and vegetable guideline, and only 40% of the children met the recommendations of five glasses of water per day. Clear differences in lifestyle behaviours in Feel4Diabetes-families at risk exist between the countries. CONCLUSIONS Countries are highly recommended to invest in policy initiatives to counter unhealthy lifestyle behaviours in families at risk for type 2 diabetes development, taking into account country-specific needs. For future research it is of great importance to focus on families at risk in order to counter the development of type 2 diabetes and reduce health inequity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke De Craemer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Vicky Van Stappen
- Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Violeta Iotova
- Clinic of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University Varna, 9002, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Nevena Chakarova
- Clinical Center of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Imre Rurik
- Debreceni Egyetem (UoD), University of Debrecen, 4002, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jemina Kivelä
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis Alberto Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD), University of Zaragoza, 50009, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Christina Mavrogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 176 76, Athens, Greece
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 176 76, Athens, Greece
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Greet Cardon
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Kitilya B, Peck R, Changalucha J, Jeremiah K, Kavishe BB, Friis H, Filteau S, Krogh-Madsen R, Brage S, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Olsen MF, PrayGod G. The association of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and diabetes among adults in north-western Tanzania: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:885988. [PMID: 35992098 PMCID: PMC9381963 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.885988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research on the associations of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance among adults in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is limited. We assessed the association of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with β-cell function, insulin resistance and diabetes among people living with HIV (PLWH) ART-naïve and HIV-uninfected Tanzanian adults. Method In a cross-sectional study, we collected data on socio-demography, anthropometry, fat mass and fat free mass and C-reactive protein. Data on glucose and insulin collected during an oral glucose tolerance test were used to assess β-cell dysfunction (defined as insulinogenic index <0.71 (mU/L)/(mmol/L), HOMA-β index <38.3 (mU/L)/(mmol/L), and overall insulin release index <33.3 (mU/L)/(mmol/L)), oral disposition index <0.16 (mU/L)/(mg/dL)(mU/L)-1, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index >1.9 (mU/L)/(mmol/L) and Matsuda index <7.2 (mU/L)/(mmol/L), prediabetes and diabetes which were the dependent variables. Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), sleeping heart rate (SHR), and maximum uptake of oxygen during exercise (VO2 max) were the independent variables and were assessed using a combined heart rate and accelerometer monitor. Logistic regressions were used to assess the associations. Results Of 391 participants, 272 were PLWH and 119 HIV-uninfected. The mean age was 39 ( ± 10.5) years and 60% (n=235) were females. Compared to lower tertile, middle tertile of PAEE was associated with lower odds of abnormal insulinogenic index (OR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.27, 0.82). A 5 kj/kg/day increment of PAEE was associated with lower odds of abnormal HOMA-IR (OR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.84, 0.98), and reduced risk of pre-diabetes (RRR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.96, 0.99) and diabetes (RRR=0.92, 95%CI: 0.88, 0.96). An increment of 5 beats per min of SHR was associated with higher risk of diabetes (RRR=1.06, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.11). An increase of 5 mLO2/kg/min of VO2 max was associated with lower risk of pre-diabetes (RRR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.86, 0.97), but not diabetes. HIV status did not modify any of these associations (interaction, p>0.05). Conclusion Among Tanzanian adults PLWH and HIV-uninfected individuals, low physical activity was associated with β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance and diabetes. Research is needed to assess if physical activity interventions can improve β-cell function and insulin sensitivity to reduce risk of diabetes and delay progression of diabetes in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kitilya
- Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Robert Peck
- Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Department of Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - John Changalucha
- Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Kidola Jeremiah
- Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Bazil B. Kavishe
- Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Henrik Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Filteau
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Soren Brage
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mette F. Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George PrayGod
- Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
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Hamilton MT, Hamilton DG, Zderic TW. A potent physiological method to magnify and sustain soleus oxidative metabolism improves glucose and lipid regulation. iScience 2022; 25:104869. [PMID: 36034224 PMCID: PMC9404652 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow oxidative muscle, most notably the soleus, is inherently well equipped with the molecular machinery for regulating blood-borne substrates. However, the entire human musculature accounts for only ∼15% of the body’s oxidative metabolism of glucose at the resting energy expenditure, despite being the body’s largest lean tissue mass. We found the human soleus muscle could raise local oxidative metabolism to high levels for hours without fatigue, during a type of soleus-dominant activity while sitting, even in unfit volunteers. Muscle biopsies revealed there was minimal glycogen use. Magnifying the otherwise negligible local energy expenditure with isolated contractions improved systemic VLDL-triglyceride and glucose homeostasis by a large magnitude, e.g., 52% less postprandial glucose excursion (∼50 mg/dL less between ∼1 and 2 h) with 60% less hyperinsulinemia. Targeting a small oxidative muscle mass (∼1% body mass) with local contractile activity is a potent method for improving systemic metabolic regulation while prolonging the benefits of oxidative metabolism. We developed a method to capitalize upon the unique phenotype of the soleus “A high quality versus large quantity perspective” for muscle activation Singular movement targeting the 1 kg soleus easily sustains oxidative metabolism This method provides a distinct muscular activity stimulus for metabolic control
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc T. Hamilton
- Department Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Deborah G. Hamilton
- Department Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Theodore W. Zderic
- Department Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Aminosharieh Najafi T, Abramo A, Kyamakya K, Affanni A. Development of a Smart Chair Sensors System and Classification of Sitting Postures with Deep Learning Algorithms. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5585. [PMID: 35898088 PMCID: PMC9371131 DOI: 10.3390/s22155585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays in modern societies, a sedentary lifestyle is almost inevitable for a majority of the population. Long hours of sitting, especially in wrong postures, may result in health complications. A smart chair with the capability to identify sitting postures can help reduce health risks induced by a modern lifestyle. This paper presents the design, realization and evaluation of a new smart chair sensors system capable of sitting postures identification. The system consists of eight pressure sensors placed on the chair's sitting cushion and the backrest. A signal acquisition board was designed from scratch to acquire data generated by the pressure sensors and transmit them via a Wi-Fi network to a purposely developed graphical user interface which monitors and stores the acquired sensors' data on a computer. The designed system was tested by means of an extensive sitting experiment involving 40 subjects, and from the acquired data, the classification of the respective sitting postures out of eight possible postures was performed. Hereby, the performance of seven deep-learning algorithms was assessed. The best accuracy of 91.68% was achieved by an echo memory network model. The designed smart chair sensors system is simple and versatile, low cost and accurate, and it can easily be deployed in several smart chair environments, both for public and private contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraneh Aminosharieh Najafi
- Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (T.A.N.); (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonio Abramo
- Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (T.A.N.); (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Kyandoghere Kyamakya
- Institute for Smart Systems Technologies, Alpen-Adria University, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Antonio Affanni
- Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (T.A.N.); (A.A.); (A.A.)
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Abstract
There are many nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Nonmodifiable risk factors include age, genetics, epigenetics, and social determinants of health (including education level, socioeconomic status, and noise and arsenic exposure). Modifiable risk factors include obesity, the microbiome, diet, cigarette smoking, sleep duration, sleep quality, and sedentary behavior. Major lifestyle interventions to prevent and treat diabetes relate to these risk factors. Weight loss is the lifestyle intervention with the largest benefit for both preventing and treating diabetes. Exercise, even without weight loss, significantly reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
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Acute Effects of Sedentary Behavior on Ankle Torque Assessed with a Custom-Made Electronic Dynamometer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092474. [PMID: 35566600 PMCID: PMC9105601 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivity negatively influences general health, and sedentary behaviour is known to impact the musculoskeletal system. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of time spent in active and sedentary behaviour on foot muscle strength. In this observational study, we compared the acute effects of one day of prolonged sitting and one day of low-to-moderate level of activity on ankle torque in one group of eight healthy participants. Peak ankle torque was measured using a portable custom-made electronic dynamometer. Three consecutive maximal voluntary isometric contractions for bilateral plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles were captured at different moments in time. The average peak torque significant statistically decreased at 6 h (p = 0.019) in both static and active behaviours, with a higher average peak torque in the active behaviour (p < 0.001). Age, gender, body mass index and average steps did not have any significant influence on the average value of maximal voluntary isometric contraction. The more time participants maintained either static or active behaviour, the less force was observed during ankle torque testation. The static behaviour represented by the sitting position was associated with a higher reduction in the average peak ankle torque during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction when compared to the active behaviour.
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Ra JS. Sex differences in factors associated with prediabetes in Korean adults. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022; 13:142-152. [PMID: 35538686 PMCID: PMC9091636 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Sarria-Santamera A, Alexeyeva Z, Yen Chan M, Ortega MA, Asunsolo-del-Barco A, Navarro-García C. Direct and Indirect Costs Related to Physical Activity Levels in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040752. [PMID: 35455929 PMCID: PMC9027157 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health concern. DM is importantly linked to the modern lifestyle. Lifestyle-based interventions currently represent a critical preventive and therapeutic approach for patients with DM. Increasing physical activity has proven multiple benefits to prevent this condition; however, there is still room for further progress in this field, especially in terms of the effect of exercise in patients with already established DM. This study intends to examine the economic relationship between physical activity and direct/indirect costs in patients with DM. We analyze a national representative sample (n = 1496) of the general population of Spain, using available data from the National Health Survey of 2017 (NHS 2017). Our results show that 63.7% of the sample engaged in some degree of physical activity, being more frequent in men (67.5%), younger individuals (80.0%), and those with higher educational levels (69.7%). Conversely, lower levels of physical activity were associated with female sex, older subjects, and various comorbidities. Our study estimates that 2151 € per (51% in direct costs) patient may be saved if a minimum level of physical activity is implemented, primarily, due to a decrease in indirect costs (absenteeism and presenteeism). This study shows that physical activity will bring notable savings in terms of direct and indirect costs in patients with DM, particularly in some vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sarria-Santamera
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (M.Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhanna Alexeyeva
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (M.Y.C.)
| | - Mei Yen Chan
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (M.Y.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angel Asunsolo-del-Barco
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Carlos Navarro-García
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, Universidad Alfonso X, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28691 Madrid, Spain;
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Sani S, Akhtar MS, Kapur P, Sharma G, Tabassum F, Khan MF, Sharma M. Evaluation of prescribing pattern, therapeutic adherence, and occurrence of adverse drug reactions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220408110650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Persistent hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality associated with both microvascular and macrovascular complications and has a greater economic impact. This study aimed to assess the impact of socioeconomic status, prescribing patterns, and patient compliance in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Method:
This study was carried out in the department of medicine and diabetic clinic of Hakeem Abdul Hameed (HAH) Centenary Hospital at Hamdard University, New Delhi, India. We conducted a prospective observational study on prescribing patterns and monitoring of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) taking standard care. We enrolled 150 confirmed cases and data was obtained from pre-validated questionnaires and then coded and analyzed to observe the association between variables.
Results:
The glycosylated haemoglobin level in 56 % of cases was between 6.4 to 8.0 and cardiovascular complications were observed as the major comorbidities. 45.33 % of cases were on mono drug therapy and Metformin (23. 52 %) was the drug of choice followed by Glimepiride (23.52 %). Among the dual drug therapies, Sitagliptin with Metformin and in triple-drug therapy, Glimepiride concurrent with Metformin and Voglibose was the most preferred drug in the treatment of T2DM. Sitagliptin was observed to be a major patient burden (46.213 USD). In only 7.33 % of cases, we observed definite ADR in T2DM patients. Underprivileged awareness, mainly due to low literacy, was a major concern in the development of new cases of T2DM.
Conclusion:
We observed better patient compliance and disease awareness program is required to be implemented. The use of oral hypoglycaemic drugs is still dominant in clinical practice and cardiovascular disorders as comorbidities emerge as a greater challenge in terms of patient outcome and cost burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanusi Sani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062 (India)
| | - Md. Sayeed Akhtar
- College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha–21974 (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
| | - Prem Kapur
- Department of Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, (India)
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh-, 201303, (India)
| | - Fauzia Tabassum
- Deparmtent of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
| | - Mohd Faiyaz Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, 201009, (India)
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062 (India)
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Haucke M, Heinz A, Liu S, Heinzel S. The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Daily Activities, Cognitions, and Stress in a Lonely and Distressed Population: Temporal Dynamic Network Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e32598. [PMID: 35191843 PMCID: PMC8972118 DOI: 10.2196/32598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdown measures impacted mental health worldwide. However, the temporal dynamics of causal factors that modulate mental health during lockdown are not well understood. Objective We aimed to understand how a COVID-19 lockdown changes the temporal dynamics of loneliness and other factors affecting mental health. This is the first study that compares network characteristics between lockdown stages to prioritize mental health intervention targets. Methods We combined ecological momentary assessments with wrist-worn motion tracking to investigate the mechanism and changes in network centrality of symptoms and behaviors before and during lockdown. A total of 258 participants who reported at least mild loneliness and distress were assessed 8 times a day for 7 consecutive days over a 213-day period from August 8, 2020, through March 9, 2021, in Germany, covering a “no-lockdown” and a “lockdown” stage. COVID-19–related worry, information-seeking, perceived restriction, and loneliness were assessed by digital visual analog scales ranging from 0 to 100. Social activity was assessed on a 7-point Likert scale, while physical activity was recorded from wrist-worn actigraphy devices. Results We built a multilevel vector autoregressive model to estimate dynamic networks. To compare network characteristics between a no-lockdown stage and a lockdown stage, we performed permutation tests. During lockdown, loneliness had the highest impact within the network, as indicated by its centrality index (ie, an index to identify variables that have a strong influence on the other variables). Moreover, during lockdown, the centrality of loneliness significantly increased. Physical activity contributed to a decrease in loneliness amid the lockdown stage. Conclusions The COVID-19 lockdown increased the central role of loneliness in triggering stress-related behaviors and cognition. Our study indicates that loneliness should be prioritized in mental health interventions during lockdown. Moreover, physical activity can serve as a buffer for loneliness amid social restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Haucke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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KARABULUT A, ŞAHİN M. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the increase of hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome in the Turkish population: a retrospective study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1062633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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35
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Sanni AA, Blanks AM, Derella CC, Horsager C, Crandall RH, Looney J, Sanchez S, Norland K, Ye B, Thomas J, Wang X, Harris RA. The effects of whole-body vibration amplitude on glucose metabolism, inflammation, and skeletal muscle oxygenation. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15208. [PMID: 35238491 PMCID: PMC8892598 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-body vibration (WBV) is an exercise mimetic that elicits beneficial metabolic effects. This study aims to investigate the effects of WBV amplitude on metabolic, inflammatory, and muscle oxygenation responses. Forty women and men were assigned to a high (HI; n = 20, Age: 31 ± 6 y) or a low-amplitude group (LO; n = 20, Age: 33 ± 6 y). Participants engaged in 10 cycles of WBV [1 cycle =1 min of vibration followed by 30 s of rest], while gastrocnemius muscle oxygen consumption (mVO2 ) was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Blood samples were collected PRE, POST, 1H, 3Hs, and 24H post-WBV and analyzed for insulin, glucose, and IL-6. In the LO group, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistant (HOMA-IR) at 3 h (0.7 ± 0.2) was significantly lower compared to PRE (1.1 ± 0.2; p = 0.018), POST (1.3 ± 0.3; p = 0.045), 1H (1.3 ± 0.3; p = 0.010), and 24H (1.4 ± 0.2; p < 0.001). In addition, at 24H, HOMA-IR was significantly lower in the LO when compared to the HI group (LO: 1.4 ± 0.2 vs. HI: 2.2 ± 0.4; p = 0.030). mVO2 was higher (p = 0.003) in the LO (0.93 ± 0.29 ml/min/100 ml) when compared to the HI group (0.63 ± 0.28 ml/min/100 ml). IL-6 at 3H (LO: 13.2 ± 2.7 vs. HI: 19.6 ± 4.0 pg·ml-1 ; p = 0.045) and 24H (LO: 4.2 ± 1.1 vs. HI: 12.5 ± 3.1 pg·ml-1 ; p = 0.016) was greater in the HI compared to the LO group. These findings indicate that low-amplitude WBV provides greater metabolic benefits compared to high-amplitude WBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola A. Sanni
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Anson M. Blanks
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Cassandra C. Derella
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Chase Horsager
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Reva H. Crandall
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jacob Looney
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Savanna Sanchez
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Kimberly Norland
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Bingwei Ye
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jeffrey Thomas
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ryan A. Harris
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
- Sport and Exercise Science Research InstituteUlster UniversityJordanstownNorthern IrelandUnited Kingdom
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Wang J, Li R, Zhang L, Gao X, Zhou M, Zhang X, Ma Y. Associations between sedentary behaviour patterns and depression among people aged 60 and older in Hebei Province of China. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:283. [PMID: 35148744 PMCID: PMC8840782 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviours (SBs) are now considered a risk factor for depression. Older adults are sedentary most of the time and are at a high risk of depression. However, not all types of SBs have adverse effects on mental health. Passive SBs (such as watching TV) increase the risk of depression, whereas mentally active SBs (such as using the internet and reading) decrease the risk of depression. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between type of SBs (i.e., passive and mentally active SBs) and depression among people aged 60 years and older in the Hebei Province of China. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the baseline survey of the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases. A total of 2679 older adults aged ≥60 years from the Hebei Province of China were included in this study. The type and time spent on SBs were self-reported. Watching TV was defined as a passive SB, whereas internet use, reading, and social SBs (including communicating with others and playing chess) were defined as mentally active SBs. Depression was evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale. The maximal possible score was 30 points, and ≥ 11 points indicated depression. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between SBs and depression. Covariates included sex, age, education, employment, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, domestic work, physical exercise, body mass index (BMI), and chronic diseases. RESULTS At baseline, the participants who spent two or more hours and 0 h on passive SBs (i.e., TV viewing) had a greater risk of depression (=0 h: adjusted OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.18-3.76; 2-3 h: OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.16-4.16; > 3 h: OR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.93-6.68) than the participants who spent 1-2 h on passive SBs. The participants who spent > 1 h on mentally active SBs had a lower risk of depression (adjusted OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.06-0.71) than the participants who did not engage in mentally active SBs. Not all mentally active SBs were linked to depression. The participants who engaged in social SBs had a lower risk of depression (adjusted OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06-0.66) than the participants who did not engage in social SBs. CONCLUSIONS Spending 2 h or more per day on passive SBs (watching TV) was associated with a high risk of depression among people aged 60 years and older in the Hebei Province of China. Mentally active SBs (predominantly social SBs) could reduce the risk of depression. Some participants with depression probably did not watch TV. These findings suggested that spending more time on social SBs (such as communicating with others and playing chess) rather than watching TV may have important public health implications for preventing and managing depression among older Chinese adults. Moreover, society should attend to the mental health of elderly adults who do not watch TV as they may be more prone to suffer from depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruiqiang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xian Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meiqi Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinjing Zhang
- Circulating Chemical Industry Park Hospital, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Pinches JL, Pinches YL, Johnson JO, Haddad NC, Boueri MG, Oke LM, Haddad GE. Could “Cellular Exercise” be the Missing Ingredient in a Healthy Life? Diets, Caloric Restriction and Exercise-Induced Hormesis. Nutrition 2022; 99-100:111629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Impact of BMI, Physical Activity, and Sitting Time Levels on Health-Related Outcomes in a Group of Overweight and Obese Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7010012. [PMID: 35076606 PMCID: PMC8788475 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity level and sedentary behaviors affect health status in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes (DM2); their assessment is mandatory to properly prescribe exercise programs. From January 2011 to February 2014, 293 overweight/obese adults (165 women and 128 men, mean age of 51.9 ± 9.5 years and 54.6 ± 8.3 years, respectively), with and without DM2, participated in a three-month intensive exercise program. Before starting, participants were allocated into three subgroups (overweight, body mass index or BMI = 25-29.9; class 1 of obesity, BMI = 30-34.4; or class 2 (or superior) of obesity, BMI > 35). The international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-it) was used to evaluate participants' baseline sitting time (SIT) and physical activity level (PAL). Stratified multiple analyses were performed using four subgroups of SIT level according to Ekelund et al., 2016 (low, 8 h/day of SIT) and three subgroups for PAL (high, moderate, and low). Health-related measures such as anthropometric variables, body composition, hematic parameters, blood pressure values, and functional capacities were studied at the beginning and at the end of the training period. An overall improvement of PAL was observed in the entire sample following the three-month intensive exercise program together with a general improvement in several health-related measures. The BMI group factor influenced the VO2 max variations, leg press values, triglycerides, and anthropometric variables, while the SIT group factor impacted the sitting time, VO2 max, glycemic profile, and fat mass. In this study, baseline PAL and SIT did not seem to influence the effects of an exercise intervention. The characteristics of our educational program, which also included a physical exercise protocol, allowed us to obtain positive results.
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Corral-Pérez J, Velázquez-Díaz D, Perez-Bey A, Montes-de-Oca-García A, Fernandez-Santos JR, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Jiménez-Pavón D, Casals C, Ponce-González JG. Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time are associated with maximal fat oxidation in young adults. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1595-1604. [PMID: 34304714 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1953149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour with maximal fat oxidation (MFO) in young individuals. A total of 77 active adults (30 women; 22.8 ± 4.5 years) were included in this cross-sectional study in which PA and sedentary behaviour were measured using accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. PA was classified into different intensities (i.e. light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous) and sedentary behaviour into sedentary time (i.e. time, number of bouts, and length of bouts) and sedentary breaks (i.e. time, number of breaks, and length of breaks). MFO was determined using a graded cycloergometer test through indirect calorimetry and relativized to lean mass (MFOLM) and lean leg mass (MFOLL). Positive associations were found for light and vigorous PA in relation with MFO, MFOLM and MFOLL, independently of cofounders (P ≤ 0.01). Moreover, a negative association was found between MFO and MFOLM and the length of sedentary bouts which was accentuated after adjusting by cardiorespiratory fitness (P ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that light and vigorous PA and sedentary behaviour are related to MFO during exercise. Despite this, further interventional studies are needed to clarify if increments of light and vigorous PA could enhance MFO in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Corral-Pérez
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Daniel Velázquez-Díaz
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alejandro Perez-Bey
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain.,GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Adrián Montes-de-Oca-García
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Jorge R Fernandez-Santos
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain.,GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Casals
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Jesús G Ponce-González
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain
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Bergeron CD, Boolani A, Jansen EC, Smith ML. Practical Solutions to Address COVID-19-Related Mental and Physical Health Challenges Among Low-Income Older Adults. Front Public Health 2021; 9:674847. [PMID: 34322471 PMCID: PMC8311292 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.674847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-income older adults are disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this perspective article, we review the context in which low-income older people experience the pandemic and the mental and physical health consequences they have faced to date. Then, we offer practical solutions to help improve low-income older adults' sleep, physical activity, nutrition, and stress that require no or low financial commitment. We argue that governments, communities, and organizations should make greater efforts to promote healthy living for low-income older adults in times of health emergencies to ensure their ability to be universally adopted, regardless of income and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D. Bergeron
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Division of Aging, Seniors and Dementia, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ali Boolani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Erica C. Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Abstract
While weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is considered a well-established key determinant for regulating weight and reducing risks of obesity and associated noncommunicable diseases, MVPA alone may not be enough to offset excessive sitting time. This integrative literature review aims to advance the discussion about sedentary behavior as a significant independent health risk for obesity and associated noncommunicable diseases, to increase awareness, to synthesize important evidence on sedentary behavior and a number of negative health outcomes, and to present the application of a whole-day approach to physical activity as a feasible strategy to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Eanes
- Linda Eanes, EdD, MSN, RN, Associate Professor, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and correlates of pre-diabetes and diabetes among a national population-based sample of adults in Zambia: results of the first national STEPS survey in 2017. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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BaHammam AS, Alghannam AF, Aljaloud KS, Aljuraiban GS, AlMarzooqi MA, Dobia AM, Alothman SA, Aljuhani O, Alfawaz RA. Joint consensus statement of the Saudi Public Health Authority on the recommended amount of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration for healthy Saudis: Background, methodology, and discussion. Ann Thorac Med 2021; 16:225-238. [PMID: 34484437 PMCID: PMC8388569 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_32_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Saudi Public Health Authority recently prepared a Consensus Statement regarding how much time a person should spend engaged in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep to promote optimal health across all age groups. This paper describes the background literature, methodology, and modified RAND Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-ADOLOPMENT approach that guided the development process. A Leadership Group and Consensus Panels were formed, and credible existing guidelines were identified. The Panel identified clear criteria to choose the best practice guidelines for the set objectives after evaluation, based on GRADE table evidence, findings table summaries, and draft recommendations. Updating of the selected practice guidelines was performed, and the Consensus Panels separately reviewed the evidence for each behavior and decided to adopt or adapt the selected practice guideline recommendations or create de novo recommendations. Data related to cultural factors that may affect the studied behaviors, such as prayer times, midday napping or "Qailulah," and the holy month of Ramadan, were also reviewed. Two rounds of voting were conducted to reach a consensus for each behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. BaHammam
- The University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- National Plan for Science and Technology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alghannam
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Saad Aljaloud
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mezna A. AlMarzooqi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M. Dobia
- Comprehensive Specialized Clinics for the Security Forces in Jazan, General Administration for Medical Services, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaima A. Alothman
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Aljuhani
- Department of Physical Education, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Represas-Carrera F, Couso-Viana S, Méndez-López F, Masluk B, Magallón-Botaya R, Recio-Rodríguez JI, Pombo H, Leiva-Rus A, Gil-Girbau M, Motrico E, Martí-Lluch R, Gude F, Clavería A. Effectiveness of a Multicomponent Intervention in Primary Care That Addresses Patients with Diabetes Mellitus with Two or More Unhealthy Habits, Such as Diet, Physical Activity or Smoking: Multicenter Randomized Cluster Trial (EIRA Study). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5788. [PMID: 34071171 PMCID: PMC8198299 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We evaluated the effectiveness of an individual, group and community intervention to improve the glycemic control of patients with diabetes mellitus aged 45-75 years with two or three unhealthy life habits. As secondary endpoints, we evaluated the inverventions' effectiveness on adhering to Mediterranean diet, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and quality of life. Method: A randomized clinical cluster (health centers) trial with two parallel groups in Spain from January 2016 to December 2019 was used. Patients with diabetes mellitus aged 45-75 years with two unhealthy life habits or more (smoking, not adhering to Mediterranean diet or little physical activity) participated. Centers were randomly assigned. The sample size was estimated to be 420 people for the main outcome variable. Educational intervention was done to improve adherence to Mediterranean diet, physical activity and smoking cessation by individual, group and community interventions for 12 months. Controls received the usual health care. The outcome variables were: HbA1c (main), the Mediterranean diet adherence score (MEDAS), the international diet quality index (DQI-I), the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), sedentary lifestyle, smoking ≥1 cigarette/day and the EuroQuol questionnaire (EVA-EuroQol5D5L). Results: In total, 13 control centers (n = 356) and 12 intervention centers (n = 338) were included with similar baseline conditions. An analysis for intention-to-treat was done by applying multilevel mixed models fitted by basal values and the health center: the HbA1c adjusted mean difference = -0.09 (95% CI: -0.29-0.10), the DQI-I adjusted mean difference = 0.25 (95% CI: -0.32-0.82), the MEDAS adjusted mean difference = 0.45 (95% CI: 0.01-0.89), moderate/high physical activity OR = 1.09 (95% CI: 0.64-1.86), not living a sedentary lifestyle OR = 0.97 (95% CI: 0.55-1.73), no smoking OR = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.54-1.06), EVA adjusted mean difference = -1.26 (95% CI: -4.98-2.45). Conclusions: No statistically significant changes were found for either glycemic control or physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and quality of life. The multicomponent individual, group and community interventions only showed a statistically significant improvement in adhering to Mediterranean diet. Such innovative interventions need further research to demonstrate their effectiveness in patients with poor glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Represas-Carrera
- Galicia South Health Research Institute, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Technical Block, Floor 2, Roal Clara Campoamor nº 341, 36213 Vigo, Spain; (S.C.-V.); (A.C.)
| | - Sabela Couso-Viana
- Galicia South Health Research Institute, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Technical Block, Floor 2, Roal Clara Campoamor nº 341, 36213 Vigo, Spain; (S.C.-V.); (A.C.)
| | - Fátima Méndez-López
- Aragonese Research Group in Primary Care (GAIAP), Institute of Health Research, Avenue San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (F.M.-L.); (B.M.); (R.M.-B.)
| | - Bárbara Masluk
- Aragonese Research Group in Primary Care (GAIAP), Institute of Health Research, Avenue San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (F.M.-L.); (B.M.); (R.M.-B.)
| | - Rosa Magallón-Botaya
- Aragonese Research Group in Primary Care (GAIAP), Institute of Health Research, Avenue San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (F.M.-L.); (B.M.); (R.M.-B.)
| | - Jose I. Recio-Rodríguez
- San Juan Health Centre, Salamanca Primary Care Research Unit (APISAL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy (University of Salamanca), Avenue Portugal 83, 2 Floor, 37005 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Haizea Pombo
- Ezkerraldea-Enkarterri-Cruces Integrated Health Organisation, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute Innovation Unit, Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Alfonso Leiva-Rus
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Highway Valldemosa 79, 07120 Palma, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Gil-Girbau
- Research Group in Health Technology Assessment in Primary Care and Mental Health (PRISMA), Research and Development Unit, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Street Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Emma Motrico
- Psychology Department, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Avenue of the Universities, s/n, 41704 Dos Hermanas, Spain;
| | - Ruth Martí-Lluch
- Girona Research Support Unit, Jordi Gol i Gurina University Institute for Research in Primary Health Care Foundation (IDIAPJGol), Street Maluquer Salvador 11, 17002 Girona, Spain;
| | - Francisco Gude
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Research Methods Group, Santiago Institute of Sanitary Research (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Travesía da Choupana, s/n, 157056 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Ana Clavería
- Galicia South Health Research Institute, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Technical Block, Floor 2, Roal Clara Campoamor nº 341, 36213 Vigo, Spain; (S.C.-V.); (A.C.)
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Hyder KM, Mohan J, Varma V, Ponnusankar S, Raja D. Impact of prediabetes education program on Knowledge, attitude and practice among prediabetic population of south India. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101395. [PMID: 34040932 PMCID: PMC8141460 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Prediabetes prevalence of 10.5% alarms the need for prediabetes management programs. KAP-PAQ was found to be an efficient tool to conduct KAP survey among prediabetes. Implementation of Prediabetes Education Program increased the self management skills among the prediabetes.
Education plays a vital role not only in the management of diabetes but also for the effective prevention of diabetes and its complications. Prediabetes awareness and knowledge is grossly inadequate in India and massive prediabetic screening and management programs are urgently needed. This study was an initiative to conduct education program among the prediabetic subjects after assessment of their knowledge attitude and practice using a newly developed and validated prediabetes questionnaire. A total of 308 prediabetic participants were recruited through prediabetes screening camps conducted in the selected districts of Kerala and Tamilnadu. A newly developed and validated KAP-PAQ Questionnaire was used to analyze the Knowledge Attitude and Practice among the prediabetic population. The impact of Prediabetes Education Program was assessed by administration of questionnaire before and after PEP with an interval period of 30 days. Baseline assessment of knowledge among prediabetics shown that 90% had poor knowledge but after PEP program 43% had average knowledge and 44% could score good knowledge. Baseline assessment of attitude exhibited 30% with negative attitude but after counseling 68% shown positive attitude. Regarding practice assessment 35% had very poor and 52% shown poor practice but after PEP 71% shown good practice and 15% shown very good practice. Baseline KAP survey shows the need for health literacy among the newly diagnosed prediabetics. Prediabetes education program could bring significant improvement in knowledge attitude and practice and KAP-PAQ was found to be an efficient tool to conduct survey among the newly diagnosed prediabetics of south India.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Mohsina Hyder
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty – 643 001, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jithin Mohan
- Department of General Medicine, Aster Wayanad Specialty Hospital, Meppadi, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Visakh Varma
- Department of Podiatry, Aster Wayanad Specialty Hospital, Meppadi, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - S. Ponnusankar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty – 643 001, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - D. Raja
- Consultant, GITS Academy, Bengaluru, India
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Katewongsa P, Potharin D, Rasri N, Palakai R, Widyastari DA. The Effect of Containment Measures during the Covid-19 Pandemic to Sedentary Behavior of Thai Adults: Evidence from Thailand's Surveillance on Physical Activity 2019-2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4467. [PMID: 33922340 PMCID: PMC8122829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Measures to contain the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) imposed by governments have undoubtedly impacted on preventing its spread but may have also produced longer periods of sedentary living across all segments of society. To examine this phenomenon, this study compared the sedentary behavior (SB) of Thai adults before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The 2019 and 2020 datasets of Thailand's Surveillance on Physical Activity (SPA) were employed. A total of 5379 (SPA2019) and 6531 (SPA202020) persons age 18-64 years who had access to the Internet were included in the analysis. Measures imposed to contain the spread of Covid-19 infection were significantly associated with lower opportunity of Thai adults for work-related physical movement, and that increased their SB, particularly with the shift from onsite to online working platforms. Cumulative SB increased from 824 (before the pandemic) to 875 min/day during the pandemic. The odds of accumulating >13 h/day of SB was highest among females, young adults, those who completed post-secondary education, unemployed or working in the non-agriculture sector, having a chronic disease/condition, residing in an urban area, and living in a 'higher-risk' pandemic zone. The insignificant association of physical activity (PA) and the Fit from Home (FFH) intervention in reducing SB during the pandemic suggests that PA is not directly associated with SB, and that the FFH intervention was insufficient to prevent SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyawat Katewongsa
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamothon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Danusorn Potharin
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamothon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Niramon Rasri
- Thai Health Promotion Foundation, 99/8 Ngam Duphli Alley, Thung Maha Mek, Sathon, Bangkok 10120, Thailand
| | - Rungrat Palakai
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamothon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Dyah Anantalia Widyastari
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamothon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Lau JH, Lee ES, Zhang Y, Vaingankar JA, Abdin E, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Association Between Self-Reported Sedentary Behavior and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Multimorbidity Patients in Singapore. Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:929-938. [PMID: 33739160 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211001274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study examined the association between sedentary behavior and self-rated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of patients with multimorbidity in Singapore recruited from a primary care clinic. METHODS Sedentary behavior and physical activity were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF). HRQoL was assessed with EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) utility index, visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and its 5 subscales (Mobility, Self-care, Usual Activities, Pain/Discomfort, and Anxiety/Depression). Depression was assessed via Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Logistic and linear regression analyses adjusting for the effect of physical activity, depression, and sociodemographic variables (i.e., age, gender, ethnicity, education) were conducted. RESULTS 932 patients participated in the study (mean age:64.5±8.5 years, range: 35-80) and 55% were men. Results indicated that women were less likely to have sedentary behavior (≥7 hrs/day) than men. Results indicated sedentary behavior was associated with lower EQ-5D index scores, but not EQ-VAS scores. Participants who were sedentary for ≥7 hrs/day were more likely to endorse having problems with mobility, self-care, and usual activities, but not with pain/discomfort, nor anxiety/depression. CONCLUSION Sedentary behavior was associated with poorer HRQoL. There is a need for interventions and health promotions to reduce sedentary behavior in patients with multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Hua Lau
- Research Division, 26676Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Sing Lee
- 50108National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunjue Zhang
- Research Division, 26676Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, 26676Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, 26676Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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Li J, Wei D, Liu S, Li M, Chen X, Chen L, Wu Y, Zhou W, Ouyang L, Tan C, Meng H, Tong N. Efficiency of an mHealth App and Chest-Wearable Remote Exercise Monitoring Intervention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective, Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e23338. [PMID: 33560244 PMCID: PMC7902189 DOI: 10.2196/23338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has been recommended as a cornerstone for diabetes management. Supervised exercise is more efficient than unsupervised exercise but is less convenient and accessible. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the efficiency of exercise using a fitness app and heart rate band to remotely monitor patients with type 2 diabetes in comparison with that of traditional exercise. METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes without severe complications or comorbidities were recruited to participate in this multicenter randomized controlled trial and were allocated to either the intervention or control group (1:1 ratio). Participants in both groups were asked to engage in moderate to vigorous physical activity for at least 150 minutes per week; each participant was prescribed individualized exercises. Participants in the intervention group were asked to follow exercise videos on the app and to wear a chest band; heart rate, exercise duration, and exercise intensity were recorded by the app. Participants in the control group self-reported exercise intensity and duration. Cardiopulmonary endurance, body composition, blood glucose level, and insulin level were assessed before and after a 3-month exercise program. RESULTS Of the 101 participants who were enrolled, the majority of them (85/101, 84.2%) completed the study. Both groups had similar baseline characteristics, with the exception that participants in the intervention group were slightly younger and less likely to have hypertension. Self-reported exercise duration was longer than app-recorded exercise duration (control: mean 214 minutes/week; intervention: mean 193 minutes/week); in addition, a higher proportion of participants in the control group (29/41, 71%) than in the intervention group (18/44, 41%) met the 150-minute target for moderate to vigorous physical activity. However, compared with the control group, the intervention group had a larger increase in cardiopulmonary endurance (mean difference -2.0 bpm [beats per minute] vs 1.0 bpm; P=.02) and a larger decrease in body fat percentage (mean difference -1.8% vs -0.8%; P=.01). There was no difference in hemoglobin A1c level reduction between the two groups, yet more participants in the intervention group stopped taking their antidiabetic drugs or had their dosages lowered by an endocrinologist, compared with those in the control group. There were no serious adverse events in either group. CONCLUSIONS This was the first randomized controlled trial in China, to our knowledge, to test the efficiency of exercise using a fitness app and heart rate band to remotely monitor prescribed exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes. The findings of our study suggest that exercise programs may be more efficient if participants are remotely monitored with an app and heart rate band than if participants are not monitored. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR1800015963; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=27080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chengdu No 1 People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Chengdu Branch in Tibet of Huaxi Hospital affiliated with Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Recovery Plus Clinic, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Recovery Plus Clinic, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuelei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chengdu No 1 People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Recovery Plus Clinic, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Ouyang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuixia Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chengdu No 1 People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongdao Meng
- School of Aging Studies, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sang X, Menhas R, Saqib ZA, Mahmood S, Weng Y, Khurshid S, Iqbal W, Shahzad B. The Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Home Confinement and Physical Activity: A Structural Equation Model Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 11:614770. [PMID: 33519638 PMCID: PMC7843378 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.614770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 break out has created panic and fear in society. A strict kind of lockdown was imposed in Wuhan, Hubei province of China. During home confinement due to lockdown, people face multidimensional issues. The present study explored the psychological impacts of COVID-19 home confinement during the lockdown period and Wuhan’s residents’ attitude toward physical activity. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted to collect the primary data according to the study objectives. The population was Wuhan residents (+ 18 years) who were in home confinement. A total of 2280 participant’s reply to the online questionnaire survey and collected data after quantifying the data, about 2200 (96.49%); about (49.8%) female, about (49.4%) male, others about (0.2%), and about (0.6%) were not disclosed their gender participants responses were used for analysis. The collected data were analyzed through appropriate statistical techniques. Results According to results, H1 is supported with β = −40.793, t = 57.835, p = 0.000, which claimed a negative association between COVID-19 lockdown policy and behavior and attitude. Results for H2 reveals that the COVID-19 lockdown policy have negative influence on emotional control with β = −0.769, t = 46.766, p = 0.000 and it is supported. H3 documented a significant positive relationship between COVID-19 lockdown policy and lockdown period psychological impact, which means lockdown policy, is the main reason to increase the lockdown psychological impact. Further, COVID-19 lockdown policy have negative influence on physical activity (H4) and self-belief (H5) with β = −0.657, t = 32.766, p = 0.000 and β = −0.620, t = −6.766, p = 0.000 respectively. H6 stated that there is a positive impact of behavior and attitude toward physical activity. The results for H6, behavior, and attitude affecting the physical activity with β = 0.401, t = 10, p = 0.000, which is supported. Conclusion COVID-19 home confinement created various psychological impacts, negatively affecting the emotional state due to depression and anxiety. Physical activity is the best strategy to manage human nature’s psychological issues, and people’s attitudes were positive toward physical activity during home confinement. However, the lockdown policy also affects physical activity participation negatively, and a sedentary lifestyle prevailed during home confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Sang
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rashid Menhas
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Research Center of Sports Social Sciences, School of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Sajid Mahmood
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Yu Weng
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sumaira Khurshid
- School of Education and Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Waseem Iqbal
- School of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Deligiannis A, D'Alessandro C, Cupisti A. Exercise training in dialysis patients: impact on cardiovascular and skeletal muscle health. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:ii25-ii33. [PMID: 33981417 PMCID: PMC8101623 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dialysis patients show a high rate of reduced functional capacity, morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular disorders, muscle atrophy and malnutrition play an essential role among the aetiological factors. Sedentary lifestyle characterizes them and contributes to the aggravation of the disorders. On the contrary, exercise training is an important preventive and therapeutic tool both for cardiovascular problems and for the appearance of muscle atrophy in dialysis patients. Regular exercise causes both central (cardiac) and peripheral (muscular) adaptations, improving functional capacity. In particular, circulatory system clinical trials in haemodialysis (HD) patients documented that exercise has favourable effects on heart function, promotes balance on the cardiac autonomic nervous system and contributes to the management of arterial hypertension. In the muscular system, it prevents muscle atrophy or contributes significantly to its treatment. The main preventive mechanisms of the beneficial effect of exercise on the muscles constitute the inhibition of the apoptotic processes and protein degradation. Exercise training in HD patients leads to an increase of muscle fibers, mitochondria and capillaries, and the combination of regular exercise and dietary strategies is even more effective in preventing or treating muscle atrophy. Finally, an improvement in functional capacity and quality of life was found also in peritoneal dialysis patients following exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asterios Deligiannis
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - Claudia D'Alessandro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adamasco Cupisti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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