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Dregoesc MI, Tercan H, Țigu AB, Bekkering S, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, van Deuren RC, Hoischen A, Riksen NP, Iancu AC. Clonal hematopoiesis is associated with cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease. iScience 2024; 27:109472. [PMID: 38558938 PMCID: PMC10981089 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the impact of smaller clones and the effect on inflammatory parameters is largely unknown. Using ultrasensitive single-molecule molecular inversion probe sequencing, we evaluated the association between CH and a first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) in patients with angiographically documented stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and no history of acute ischemic events. CH was associated with an increased rate of MACE at four years follow-up. The size of the clone predicted MACE at an optimal cut-off value of 1.07% variant allele frequency (VAF). Mutation carriers had no change in monocytes subsets or cytokine production capacity but had higher levels of circulating tissue factor, matrilysin, and proteinase-activated receptor-1. Our study identified CH driver mutations with a VAF as small as 1.07% as a residual cardiovascular risk factor and identified potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for patients with stable CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela I. Dregoesc
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Cardiology –“Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute, 19-21 Calea Moților, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Helin Tercan
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adrian B. Țigu
- MEDFUTURE Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Louis Pasteur, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Siroon Bekkering
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo AB. Joosten
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Louis Pasteur, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rosanne C. van Deuren
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 855, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 855, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Expertise Center for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation and Radboud Center for Infectious Disease (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels P. Riksen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adrian C. Iancu
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Cardiology –“Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute, 19-21 Calea Moților, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Grover SP, Bharathi V, Posma JJ, Griffin JH, Palumbo JS, Mackman N, Antoniak S. Thrombin-mediated activation of PAR1 enhances doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in mice. Blood Adv 2023; 7:1945-1953. [PMID: 36477178 PMCID: PMC10189413 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin is cardiotoxic and can cause irreversible heart failure. In addition to being cardiotoxic, doxorubicin also induces the activation of coagulation. We determined the effect of thrombin-mediated activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) on doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury. Administration of doxorubicin to mice resulted in a significant increase in plasma prothrombin fragment 1+2, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, and extracellular vesicle tissue factor activity. Doxorubicin-treated mice expressing low levels of tissue factor, but not factor XII-deficient mice, had reduced plasma thrombin-antithrombin complexes compared to controls. To evaluate the role of thrombin-mediated activation of PAR1, transgenic mice insensitive to thrombin (Par1R41Q) or activated protein C (Par1R46Q) were subjected to acute and chronic models of doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury and compared with Par1 wild-type (Par1+/+) and PAR1 deficient (Par1-/-) mice. Par1R41Q and Par1-/- mice, but not Par1R46Q mice, demonstrated similar reductions in the cardiac injury marker cardiac troponin I, preserved cardiac function, and reduced cardiac fibrosis compared to Par1+/+ controls after administration of doxorubicin. Furthermore, inhibition of Gαq signaling downstream of PAR1 with the small molecule inhibitor Q94 significantly preserved cardiac function in Par1+/+ mice, but not in Par1R41Q mice subjected to the acute model of cardiac injury when compared to vehicle controls. In addition, mice with PAR1 deleted in either cardiomyocytes or cardiac fibroblasts demonstrated reduced cardiac injury compared to controls. Taken together, these data suggest that thrombin-mediated activation of PAR1 contributes to doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Grover
- University of North Carolina (UNC) Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Vanthana Bharathi
- University of North Carolina (UNC) Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jens J. Posma
- University of North Carolina (UNC) Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - John H. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Joseph S. Palumbo
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Nigel Mackman
- University of North Carolina (UNC) Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- UNC Blood Research Center, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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3
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Goyal S, Sood A, Gautam I, Pradhan S, Mondal P, Singh G, Jaura RS, Singh TG, Sibia RS. Serum protease-activated receptor (PAR-1) levels as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1843-1851. [PMID: 35974263 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a prominent clinical manifestation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, often associated with insulin resistance, metabolic dysregulation, and other complications. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study has been designed to check the serum levels of PAR-1 and correlate with various clinical manifestations and inflammatory cytokines levels in type 2 diabetic subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population was divided into two groups, healthy volunteers (n = 15): normal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (4.26 ± 0.55) and type 2 diabetic subjects (n = 30): HbA1c levels (7.80 ± 2.41). The serum levels of PAR-1 (ELISA method) were studied in both groups and correlated with demographic parameters age, weight, body mass index (BMI), and conventional inflammation biomarkers like C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). RESULTS The demographic variables including the body weight (77.38 ± 10.00 vs. controls 55.26 ± 6.99), BMI (29.39 ± 3.61 vs. controls 25.25 ± 4.01), glycemic index HbA1c (7.80 ± 2.41 vs. controls 4.26 ± 0.55) were found to be statistically increased in T2DM subjects than the healthy control group. The levels of various inflammatory biomarkers and PAR-1 were significantly elevated in T2DM groups in comparison to healthy volunteers. The univariate and multivariate regression analysis revealed that elevated PAR-1 levels positively correlated with increased body weight, BMI, HbA1c, and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the elevated serum PAR-1 levels serve as an independent predictor of inflammation in T2DM subjects and might have prognostic value for determining T2DM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Goyal
- Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Ankita Sood
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil, Rajpura District, Patiala, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Isha Gautam
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil, Rajpura District, Patiala, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Soumyadip Pradhan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil, Rajpura District, Patiala, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Puskar Mondal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil, Rajpura District, Patiala, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Gaaminepreet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil, Rajpura District, Patiala, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Ravinder Singh Jaura
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil, Rajpura District, Patiala, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil, Rajpura District, Patiala, 140401, Punjab, India
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4
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Zhuo X, Wu Y, Fu X, Liang X, Xiang Y, Li J, Mao C, Jiang Y. The Yin‐Yang roles of protease‐activated receptors in inflammatory signalling and diseases. FEBS J 2022; 289:4000-4020. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhuo
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Xiujuan Fu
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Yuxin Xiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Jianbin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Canquan Mao
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
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5
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Xing Z, Wang Y, Gong K, Chen Y. Plasma C4 level was associated with mortality, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in hemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:232. [PMID: 35768780 PMCID: PMC9245318 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) exhibit a high risk of death, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCDs). Previous studies indicated complement activation associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in HD patients. This study aimed to explore whether the critical complement factors were associated with the adverse outcomes in HD patients. METHODS A total of 108 HD patients were included and followed up for 52 months. The baseline clinical characteristics and plasma C3c, C1q, CFH, CFB, C4, MAC, C5a, C3a and MBL were measured. The three endpoints were death, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (CCEs) and the composition of them. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression identified factors associated with the three endpoints respectively. X-tile analyses determined the optimal cut-off values for high risks. Restricted cubic spline plots illustrated the dose-response relationships. Correlations between the complement factors and risk factors for CCDs were analyzed. RESULTS Baseline plasma C4 was finally selected by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for three endpoints, including all-cause mortality, CCEs and the composition of them. When baseline plasma C4 exceeded 0.47 (P = 0.001) or 0.44 (P = 0.018) g/L respectively, the risks for death or achieving the composite endpoint enhanced significantly. The relationships of C4 and HR for the three endpoints showed a positive linear trend. Plasma C4 had prominent correlations with blood TG (r = 0.62, P < 0.001) and HDL (r = -0.38, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A higher baseline plasma C4 level was significantly associated with the future incidence of decease, CCEs and either of them. Plasma C4 level correlated with blood TG and HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Xing
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kunjing Gong
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.
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6
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Sia CH, Tan SH, Chan SP, Marchesseau S, Sim HW, Carvalho L, Chen R, Amin NHM, Fong AYY, Richards AM, Yip C, Chan MY. Enhanced Thrombin Generation Is Associated with Worse Left Ventricular Scarring after ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Cohort Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:718. [PMID: 35745638 PMCID: PMC9231218 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with heightened thrombin generation. There are limited data relating to thrombin generation and left ventricular (LV) scarring and LV dilatation in post-MI LV remodeling. We studied 113 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) (n = 76) or pharmaco-invasive management (thrombolysis followed by early PCI, n = 37). Endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was measured at baseline, 1 month and 6 months. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline and 6 months post-MI. Outcomes studied were an increase in scar change, which was defined as an increase in left ventricular infarct size of any magnitude detected by late gadolinium enhancement, adverse LV remodeling, defined as dilatation (increase) of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) by more than 20% and an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The mean age was 55.19 ± 8.25 years and 91.2% were men. The baseline ETP was similar in the PPCI and pharmaco-invasive groups (1400.3 nM.min vs. 1334.1 nM.min, p = 0.473). Each 10-unit increase in baseline ETP was associated with a larger scar size (adjusted OR 1.020, 95% CI 1.002-1.037, p = 0.027). Baseline ETP was not associated with adverse LV remodeling or an increase in LVEF. There was no difference in scar size or adverse LV remodeling among patients undergoing PPCI vs. pharmaco-invasive management or patients receiving ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel. Enhanced thrombin generation after STEMI is associated with a subsequent increase in myocardial scarring but not LV dilatation or an increase in LVEF at 6 months post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hui Sia
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.-H.S.); (H.-W.S.); (L.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Sock-Hwee Tan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Siew-Pang Chan
- National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | | | - Hui-Wen Sim
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.-H.S.); (H.-W.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Leonardo Carvalho
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.-H.S.); (H.-W.S.); (L.C.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor-HCFMUSP), Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
- Cardiac Department, Ferderal University of Sao Paulo State (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 05303-000, Brazil
| | - Ruth Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Woodlands Health Campus, Tower E, Level 5, Yishun Community Hospital, 2 Yishun Central 2, Singapore 768024, Singapore;
| | - Nor Hanim Mohd Amin
- Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Jalan Hospital, Kuching 93586, Malaysia; (N.H.M.A.); (A.Y.-Y.F.)
- Department of Cardiology, Sarawak Heart Centre, Samarahan Expressway, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia
| | - Alan Yean-Yip Fong
- Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Jalan Hospital, Kuching 93586, Malaysia; (N.H.M.A.); (A.Y.-Y.F.)
- Department of Cardiology, Sarawak Heart Centre, Samarahan Expressway, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Christina Yip
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Main Building, Level 3, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Mark Y. Chan
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.-H.S.); (H.-W.S.); (L.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
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7
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Kij A, Bar A, Przyborowski K, Proniewski B, Mateuszuk L, Jasztal A, Kieronska-Rudek A, Marczyk B, Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda K, Tworzydlo A, Enggaard C, Hansen PBL, Jensen B, Walczak M, Chlopicki S. Thrombin Inhibition Prevents Endothelial Dysfunction and Reverses 20-HETE Overproduction without Affecting Blood Pressure in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168664. [PMID: 34445374 PMCID: PMC8395447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces hypertension and endothelial dysfunction, but the involvement of thrombin in these responses is not clear. Here, we assessed the effects of the inhibition of thrombin activity by dabigatran on Ang II-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in mice with a particular focus on NO- and 20-HETE-dependent pathways. As expected, dabigatran administration significantly delayed thrombin generation (CAT assay) in Ang II-treated hypertensive mice, and interestingly, it prevented endothelial dysfunction development, but it did not affect elevated blood pressure nor excessive aortic wall thickening. Dabigatran’s effects on endothelial function in Ang II-treated mice were evidenced by improved NO-dependent relaxation in the aorta in response to acetylcholine in vivo (MRI measurements) and increased systemic NO bioavailability (NO2− quantification) with a concomitant increased ex vivo production of endothelium-derived NO (EPR analysis). Dabigatran treatment also contributed to the reduction in the endothelial expression of pro-inflammatory vWF and ICAM-1. Interestingly, the fall in systemic NO bioavailability in Ang II-treated mice was associated with increased 20-HETE concentration in plasma (UPLC-MS/MS analysis), which was normalised by dabigatran treatment. Taking together, the inhibition of thrombin activity in Ang II-induced hypertension in mice improves the NO-dependent function of vascular endothelium and normalises the 20-HETE-depedent pathway without affecting the blood pressure and vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (B.P.); (L.M.); (A.J.); (A.K.-R.); (B.M.); (K.M.-G.); (A.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (B.P.); (L.M.); (A.J.); (A.K.-R.); (B.M.); (K.M.-G.); (A.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Kamil Przyborowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (B.P.); (L.M.); (A.J.); (A.K.-R.); (B.M.); (K.M.-G.); (A.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (B.P.); (L.M.); (A.J.); (A.K.-R.); (B.M.); (K.M.-G.); (A.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Lukasz Mateuszuk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (B.P.); (L.M.); (A.J.); (A.K.-R.); (B.M.); (K.M.-G.); (A.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (B.P.); (L.M.); (A.J.); (A.K.-R.); (B.M.); (K.M.-G.); (A.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Anna Kieronska-Rudek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (B.P.); (L.M.); (A.J.); (A.K.-R.); (B.M.); (K.M.-G.); (A.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Brygida Marczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (B.P.); (L.M.); (A.J.); (A.K.-R.); (B.M.); (K.M.-G.); (A.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Karolina Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (B.P.); (L.M.); (A.J.); (A.K.-R.); (B.M.); (K.M.-G.); (A.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Anna Tworzydlo
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (B.P.); (L.M.); (A.J.); (A.K.-R.); (B.M.); (K.M.-G.); (A.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Camilla Enggaard
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (C.E.); (P.B.L.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Pernille B. Lærkegaard Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (C.E.); (P.B.L.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Boye Jensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (C.E.); (P.B.L.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Maria Walczak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (B.P.); (L.M.); (A.J.); (A.K.-R.); (B.M.); (K.M.-G.); (A.T.); (M.W.)
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (A.B.); (K.P.); (B.P.); (L.M.); (A.J.); (A.K.-R.); (B.M.); (K.M.-G.); (A.T.); (M.W.)
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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8
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Mogi M. Cardioprotection by direct factor Xa inhibition in angiotensin II overexpression. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1355-1356. [PMID: 34349249 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Tohon, Ehime, Japan.
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9
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Matsuura T, Soeki T, Fukuda D, Uematsu E, Tobiume T, Hara T, Kusunose K, Ise T, Yamaguchi K, Yagi S, Yamada H, Wakatsuki T, Sata M. Activated Factor X Signaling Pathway via Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Is a Novel Therapeutic Target for Preventing Atrial Fibrillation. Circ J 2021; 85:1383-1391. [PMID: 33746155 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated factor X (FXa), which contributes to chronic inflammation via protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), might play an important role in atrial fibrillation (AF) arrhythmogenesis. This study aimed to assess whether PAR2 signaling contributes to AF arrhythmogenesis and whether rivaroxaban ameliorates atrial inflammation and prevents AF.Methods and Results:In Study 1, PAR2 deficient (PAR2-/-) and wild-type mice were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) or a vehicle via an osmotic minipump for 2 weeks. In Study 2, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were treated with rivaroxaban, warfarin, or vehicle for 2 weeks after 8 h of right atrial rapid pacing. The AF inducibility and atrial remodeling in both studies were examined. Ang II-treated PAR2-/- mice had a lower incidence of AF and less mRNA expression of collagen1 and collagen3 in the atrium compared to wild-type mice treated with Ang II. Rivaroxaban significantly reduced AF inducibility compared with warfarin or vehicle. In SHRs treated with a vehicle, rapid atrial pacing promoted gene expression of inflammatory and fibrosis-related biomarkers in the atrium. Rivaroxaban, but not warfarin, significantly reduced expression levels of these genes. CONCLUSIONS The FXa-PAR2 signaling pathway might contribute to AF arrhythmogenesis associated with atrial inflammation. A direct FXa inhibitor, rivaroxaban, could prevent atrial inflammation and reduce AF inducibility, probably by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Matsuura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takeshi Soeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.,Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Etsuko Uematsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takeshi Tobiume
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Tomoya Hara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults
| | - Kenya Kusunose
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takayuki Ise
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Koji Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Hirotsugu Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.,Department of Community Medicine for Cardiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Tetsuzo Wakatsuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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10
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Bode MF, Schmedes CM, Egnatz GJ, Bharathi V, Hisada YM, Martinez D, Kawano T, Weithauser A, Rosenfeldt L, Rauch U, Palumbo JS, Antoniak S, Mackman N. Cell type-specific roles of PAR1 in Coxsackievirus B3 infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14264. [PMID: 34253819 PMCID: PMC8275627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is widely expressed in humans and mice, and is activated by a variety of proteases, including thrombin. Recently, we showed that PAR1 contributes to the innate immune response to viral infection. Mice with a global deficiency of PAR1 expressed lower levels of CXCL10 and had increased Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis compared with control mice. In this study, we determined the effect of cell type-specific deletion of PAR1 in cardiac myocytes (CMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) on CVB3-induced myocarditis. Mice lacking PAR1 in either CMs or CFs exhibited increased CVB3 genomes, inflammatory infiltrates, macrophages and inflammatory mediators in the heart and increased CVB3-induced myocarditis compared with wild-type controls. Interestingly, PAR1 enhanced poly I:C induction of CXCL10 in rat CFs but not in rat neonatal CMs. Importantly, activation of PAR1 reduced CVB3 replication in murine embryonic fibroblasts and murine embryonic cardiac myocytes. In addition, we showed that PAR1 reduced autophagy in murine embryonic fibroblasts and rat H9c2 cells, which may explain how PAR1 reduces CVB3 replication. These data suggest that PAR1 on CFs protects against CVB3-induced myocarditis by enhancing the anti-viral response whereas PAR1 on both CMs and fibroblasts inhibits viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Bode
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Clare M Schmedes
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive CB 7035, 8004B Mary Ellen Jones Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Grant J Egnatz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive CB 7035, 8004B Mary Ellen Jones Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Vanthana Bharathi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive CB 7035, 8004B Mary Ellen Jones Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yohei M Hisada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive CB 7035, 8004B Mary Ellen Jones Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David Martinez
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive CB 7035, 8004B Mary Ellen Jones Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tomohiro Kawano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive CB 7035, 8004B Mary Ellen Jones Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alice Weithauser
- CharitéCentrum 11 Cardiovascular Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leah Rosenfeldt
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ursula Rauch
- CharitéCentrum 11 Cardiovascular Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph S Palumbo
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive CB 7035, 8004B Mary Ellen Jones Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Hua S, Yang Y, Zou D, Li J, Yan K, Xu Y, Jiang X, Rong X, Ye D. COVID-19 and metabolic comorbidities: An update on emerging evidences for optimal therapies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111685. [PMID: 34015585 PMCID: PMC8101987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and other associated metabolic complications have been demonstrated as a crucial contributor to the enhanced morbidity and mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data on the interplay between metabolic comorbidities and the outcomes in patients with COVID-19 have been emerging and rapidly increasing. This implies a mechanistic link between metabolic diseases and COVID-19 resulting in the exacerbation of the condition. Nonetheless, new evidences are emerging to support insulin-mediated aggressive glucose-lowering treatment as a possible trigger of high mortality rate in diabetic COVID-19 patients, putting the clinician in a confounding and difficult dilemma for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with metabolic comorbidities. Thus, this review discusses the pathophysiological link among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), metabolic complications, and severe inflammation in COVID-19 development, especially in those with multi-organ injuries. We discuss the influence of several routinely used drugs in COVID-19 patients, including anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant drugs, antidiabetic drugs, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. Especially, we provide a balanced overview on the clinical application of glucose-lowering drugs (insulin and metformin), angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers. Although there is insufficient evidence from clinical or basic research to comprehensively reveal the mechanistic link between adverse outcomes in COVID-19 and metabolic comorbidities, it is hoped that the update in the current review may help to better outline the optimal strategies for clinical management of COVID-19 patients with metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hua
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danqi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jufei Li
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Tang ZZ, Zhang YM, Zheng T, Huang TT, Ma TF, Liu YW. Sarsasapogenin alleviates diabetic nephropathy through suppression of chronic inflammation by down-regulating PAR-1: In vivo and in vitro study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 78:153314. [PMID: 32882582 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarsasapogenin (Sar) shows good effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN) through inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome, yet the potential mechanism is not well known. PURPOSE This study was designed to explore the regulation of thrombin and/or its receptor protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) on the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling in DN condition, and further expounded the molecular mechanism of Sar on DN. METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated by gavage with Sar (0, 20 and 60 mg/kg) for consecutive 10 weeks. Then urine and serum were collected for protein excretion, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and uric acid assay reflecting renal functions, renal tissue sections for periodic acid-Schiff staining and ki67 expression reflecting cell proliferation, and renal cortex for the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling as well as thrombin/PAR-1 signaling. High glucose-cultured human mesangial cells (HMCs) were used to further investigate the effects and mechanisms of Sar. RESULTS Sar markedly ameliorated the renal functions and mesangial cell proliferation in diabetic rats, and suppressed activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB in renal cortex. Moreover, Sar remarkably down-regulated PAR-1 in protein and mRNA levels but didn't affect thrombin activity in kidney, although thrombin activity was significantly decreased in the renal cortex of diabetic rats. Meanwhile, high glucose induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB, and increased PAR-1 expression while didn't change thrombin activity in HMCs; however, Sar co-treatment ameliorated all the above indices. Further studies demonstrated that PAR-1 knockdown attenuated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB, and Sar addition strengthened these effects in high glucose-cultured HMCs. CONCLUSION Sar relieved DN in rat through inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB by down-regulating PAR-1 in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Zhuang Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Teng-Fei Ma
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yao-Wu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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TRIF/miR-34a mediates aldosterone-induced cardiac inflammation and remodeling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1319-1331. [PMID: 32542395 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone, as a major product of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), determines multiple pathophysiological processes in cardiovascular diseases. The excess inflammatory response is one of the key profiles in aldosterone-mediated cardiac remodeling. However, the potential mechanisms of aldosterone/inflammatory signaling were still not fully disclosed. The present study aimed to investigate whether TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (Trif) participated in the aldosterone-induced cardiac remodeling, and to explore potential molecular mechanisms. Trif knockout mice and their littermates were osmotically administrated with aldosterone (50 μg/kg per day) for 21 and 42 days. The cardiac structural analysis, functional parameters, and mitochondrial function were measured. Aldosterone dose- or time-dependently increased the levels of TRIF in primary mouse cardiomyocytes or mouse heart tissues. Trif deficiency protected against aldosterone-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction. Moreover, Trif deficiency also suppressed aldosterone-induced cardiac inflammatory response and mitochondrial injuries. Mechanistically, overexpression of cardiac microRNAs (miR)-34a reversed the cardiac benefits of Trif deficiency in aldosterone-treated mice. Taken together, Trif/miR-34a axis could provide a novel molecular mechanism for explaining aldosterone-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and functional disorders.
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14
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Campana P, Parisi V, Leosco D, Bencivenga D, Della Ragione F, Borriello A. Dendritic Cells and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Still an Unclarified Connection. Cells 2020; 9:E2046. [PMID: 32911691 PMCID: PMC7564940 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has so far infected about 2.42 × 107 (as at 27 August 2020) subjects with more than 820,000 deaths. It is the third zoonotic coronavirus-dependent outbreak in the last twenty years and represents a major infective threat for public health worldwide. A main aspect of the infection, in analogy to other viral infections, is the so-called "cytokine storm", an inappropriate molecular response to virus spread which plays major roles in tissue and organ damage. Immunological therapies, including vaccines and humanized monoclonal antibodies, have been proposed as major strategies for prevention and treatment of the disease. Accordingly, a detailed mechanistic knowledge of the molecular events with which the virus infects cells and induces an immunological response appears necessary. In this review, we will report details of the initial process of SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry with major emphasis on the maturation of the spike protein. Then, a particular focus will be devoted to describe the possible mechanisms by which dendritic cells, a major cellular component of innate and adaptive immune responses, may play a role in the spread of the virus in the human body and in the clinical evolution of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Campana
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (V.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (V.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Dario Leosco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (V.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Debora Bencivenga
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Della Ragione
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Adriana Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy;
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15
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Helten C, Mourikis P, Dannenberg L, M'Pembele R, Trojovsky K, Ayhan A, Kohlmorgen C, Grandoch M, Levkau B, Veulemans V, Petzold T, Hohlfeld T, Kelm M, Zeus T, Polzin A. A novel mechanism of ACE inhibition-associated enhanced platelet reactivity: disproof of the ARB-MI paradox? Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:1245-1251. [PMID: 32500252 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-02915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE ACE inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) are important drugs in cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about which of these drug class is to be preferred. First analyses show that the blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) influences platelet reactivity. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of ACEI and ARB on platelet reactivity and thrombin generation. METHODS We conducted a time series analysis in 34 patients. We performed light transmission aggregometry (LTA) to evaluate platelet reactivity. Results are given as maximum of aggregation (MoA). Thrombin generation was measured as endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) via calibrated automated thrombogram. Flow cytometry was used to analyze protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 expression. RESULTS ACEI treatment significantly increased platelet reactivity already 4 h after initiation of treatment (prior vs. 4 h post ACEI: MoA 41.9 ± 16.2% vs. 55.2 ± 16.7%; p = 0.003). After switching from ACEI to ARB treatment, platelet reactivity decreased significantly (3 months after switching: MoA 34.7 ± 20.9%; p = 0.03). ACEI reduced endogenous thrombin potential significantly from before to 3 months after ACEI (ETP 1527 ± 437 nM × min vs. 1088 ± 631 nM × min; p = 0.025). Platelet thrombin receptor (PAR1) expression increased from 37.38 ± 10.97% before to 49.53 ± 6.04% after ACEI treatment (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION ACEI enhanced platelet reactivity. This can be reversed by changing to ARB. The mechanism behind RAAS influencing platelet function seems to be associated with PAR-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Helten
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Mourikis
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Dannenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - René M'Pembele
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kajetan Trojovsky
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aysel Ayhan
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Kohlmorgen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Verena Veulemans
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Petzold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Hohlfeld
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Zeus
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amin Polzin
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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16
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Feng L, Ning R, Liu J, Liang S, Xu Q, Liu Y, Liu W, Duan J, Sun Z. Silica nanoparticles induce JNK-mediated inflammation and myocardial contractile dysfunction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122206. [PMID: 32036317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing environmental exposure to silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and limited cardiotoxicity studies posed a challenge for the safety evaluation and management of these materials. This study aimed to explore the adverse effects and underlying mechanisms of subacute exposure to SiNPs on cardiac function in rats. Results from echocardiographic, ultrastructural and histopathological analysis found that SiNPs induced cardiac contractile dysfunction, accompanied by incomplete myocardial structures, disordered sarcomere segments, interstitial edema and myocyte apoptosis in heart. Levels of myocardial enzymes and inflammatory factors were markedly increased in both serum and heart tissue, accompanied by elevated levels of oxidative damage occurred in the hearts of SiNPs-treated rats. SiNPs significantly upregulated the expressions of inflammation and contraction-related proteins, including JNK, p-JNK, c-Jun, TF and PAR1. Lentivirus transfection of JNK shRNA showed the low-expression of JNK-facilitated F-actin and inhibited TF in the SiNPs-treated cardiomyocytes. Moreover, SiNPs activated the mRNA and protein levels of JNK/TF/PAR1 pathway, and these effects were significantly dampened after JNK knock down. Our results demonstrate that SiNPs trigger myocardial contractile dysfunction via JNK/TF/PAR1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Qing Xu
- Core Facilities for Electrophysiology, Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Cardiology Department, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
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Yokono Y, Hanada K, Narita M, Tatara Y, Kawamura Y, Miura N, Kitayama K, Nakata M, Nozaka M, Kato T, Kudo N, Tsushima M, Toyama Y, Itoh K, Tomita H. Blockade of PAR-1 Signaling Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in Renin-Overexpressing Hypertensive Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015616. [PMID: 32495720 PMCID: PMC7429042 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Although PAR‐1 (protease‐activated receptor‐1) exerts important functions in the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, the role of PAR‐1 signaling in heart failure development remains largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that PAR‐1 signaling inhibition has protective effects on the progression of cardiac remodeling induced by chronic renin–angiotensin system activation using renin‐overexpressing hypertensive (Ren‐Tg) mice. Methods and Results We treated 12‐ to 16‐week‐old male wild‐type (WT) mice and Ren‐Tg mice with continuous subcutaneous infusion of the PAR‐1 antagonist SCH79797 or vehicle for 4 weeks. The thicknesses of interventricular septum and the left ventricular posterior wall were greater in Ren‐Tg mice than in WT mice, and SCH79797 treatment significantly decreased these thicknesses in Ren‐Tg mice. The cardiac fibrosis area and monocyte/macrophage deposition were greater in Ren‐Tg mice than in WT mice, and both conditions were attenuated by SCH79797 treatment. Cardiac mRNA expression levels of PAR‐1, TNF‐α (tumor necrosis factor‐α), TGF‐β1 (transforming growth factor‐β1), and COL3A1 (collagen type 3 α1 chain) and the ratio of β‐myosin heavy chain (β‐MHC) to α‐MHC were all greater in Ren‐Tg mice than in WT mice; SCH79797 treatment attenuated these increases in Ren‐Tg mice. Prothrombin fragment 1+2 concentration and factor Xa in plasma were greater in Ren‐Tg mice than in WT mice, and both conditions were unaffected by SCH79797 treatment. In isolated cardiac fibroblasts, both thrombin and factor Xa enhanced ERK1/2 (extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2) phosphorylation, and SCH79797 pretreatment abolished this enhancement. Furthermore, gene expression of PAR‐1, TGF‐β1, and COL3A1 were enhanced by factor Xa, and all were inhibited by SCH79797. Conclusions The results indicate that PAR‐1 signaling is involved in cardiac remodeling induced by renin–angiotensin system activation, which may provide a novel therapeutic target for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Yokono
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Kenji Hanada
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Masato Narita
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Yota Tatara
- Department of Glycotechnology Center for Advanced Medical Research Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Yousuke Kawamura
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Naotake Miura
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kitayama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Masamichi Nakata
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Masashi Nozaka
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Tomo Kato
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Natsumi Kudo
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Michiko Tsushima
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Yuichi Toyama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science Center for Advanced Medical Research Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tomita
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
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Li SR, Tang ZJ, Li ZH, Liu X. Searching therapeutic strategy of new coronavirus pneumonia from angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: the target of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1021-1026. [PMID: 32285293 PMCID: PMC7152693 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since December 2019, the infection of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) caused an outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and caused great public concern. Both COVID-19 and SARS-CoV belong to the coronavirus family and both invade target cells through ACE2. An in-depth understanding of ACE2 and a series of physiological and physiological changes caused by the virus invading the human body may help to discover and explain the corresponding clinical phenomena and then deal with them timely. In addition, ACE2 is a potential therapeutic target. This article will summarize the role of ACE2 in multiple organ damage caused by COVID-19 and SARS-CoV, targeted blocking drugs against ACE2, and drugs that inhibit inflammation in order to provide the basis for subsequent related research, diagnosis and treatment, and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ren Li
- Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
| | - Zi-Jian Tang
- Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
- Hebei General Hospital, Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Zai-Han Li
- Suzhou University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
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Rivaroxaban ameliorates angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling by attenuating TXNIP/Trx2 interaction in KKAy mice. Thromb Res 2020; 193:45-52. [PMID: 32521334 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As an anticoagulant, Rivaroxaban has recently been reported to be protective in cardiac injury. Based on those previous research results, we detected the roles of Rivaroxaban in Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced cardiac remodeling with KKAy mice and unraveled the underlying mechanisms. Rivaroxaban inhibited cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in AngII-infused KKAy mice. In addition, it also inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction. Noteworthily, Rivaroxaban altered the expression of many genes associated with mitochondrial function. Rivaroxaban inhibited the expression of thioredoxin binding protein (TXNIP) as well as the activation of apoptosis stimulating kinase 1 (ASK1). In H9c2 cells treated with AngII and high glucose, Rivaroxaban inhibited TXNIP/thioredoxin2 (Trx2) interaction. Moreover, TXNIP knockout abolished AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. Thus, Rivaroxaban ameliorates AngII-induced cardiac remodeling via the suppression of TXNIP signaling in KKAy mice, providing novel mechanism underlying the protective roles of Rivaroxaban against cardiac damage.
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20
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Boucher AA, Rosenfeldt L, Mureb D, Shafer J, Sharma BK, Lane A, Crowther RR, McKell MC, Whitt J, Alenghat T, Qualls J, Antoniak S, Mackman N, Flick MJ, Steinbrecher KA, Palumbo JS. Cell type-specific mechanisms coupling protease-activated receptor-1 to infectious colitis pathogenesis. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:91-103. [PMID: 31539206 PMCID: PMC7026906 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) plays a major role in multiple disease processes, including colitis. Understanding the mechanisms coupling PAR-1 to disease pathogenesis is complicated by the fact that PAR-1 is broadly expressed across multiple cell types. OBJECTIVE Determine the specific contributions of PAR-1 expressed by macrophages and colonic enterocytes to infectious colitis. METHODS Mice carrying a conditional PAR-1 allele were generated and bred to mice expressing Cre recombinase in a myeloid- (PAR-1ΔM ) or enterocyte-specific (PAR-1ΔEPI ) fashion. Citrobacter rodentium colitis pathogenesis was analyzed in mice with global PAR-1 deletion (PAR-1-/- ) and cell type-specific deletions. RESULTS Constitutive deletion of PAR-1 had no significant impact on weight loss, crypt hypertrophy, crypt abscess formation, or leukocyte infiltration in Citrobacter colitis. However, colonic shortening was significantly blunted in infected PAR-1-/- mice, and these animals exhibited decreased local levels of IL-1β, IL-22, IL-6, and IL-17A. In contrast, infected PAR-1ΔM mice lost less weight and had fewer crypt abscesses relative to controls. PAR-1ΔM mice had diminished CD3+ T cell infiltration into colonic tissue, but macrophage and CD4+ T cell infiltration were similar to controls. Also contrasting results in global knockouts, PAR-1ΔM mice exhibited lower levels of IL-1β, but not Th17-related cytokines (ie, IL-22, IL-6, IL-17A). Infected PAR-1ΔEPI mice exhibited increased crypt hypertrophy and crypt abscess formation, but local cytokine elaboration was similar to controls. CONCLUSIONS These studies reveal complex, cell type-specific roles for PAR-1 in modulating the immune response to Citrobacter colitis that are not readily apparent in analyses limited to mice with global PAR-1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Boucher
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Leah Rosenfeldt
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Duaa Mureb
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jessica Shafer
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Bal Krishan Sharma
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Adam Lane
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rebecca R. Crowther
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Melanie C. McKell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jordan Whitt
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph Qualls
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kris A. Steinbrecher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph S. Palumbo
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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21
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Li S, Tarlac V, Hamilton JR. Using PAR4 Inhibition as an Anti-Thrombotic Approach: Why, How, and When? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225629. [PMID: 31717963 PMCID: PMC6888008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a family of four GPCRs with a variety of cellular functions, yet the only advanced clinical endeavours to target these receptors for therapeutic gain to date relates to the impairment of platelet function for anti-thrombotic therapy. The only approved PAR antagonist is the PAR1 inhibitor, vorapaxar—the sole anti-platelet drug against a new target approved in the past 20 years. However, there are two PARs on human platelets, PAR1 and PAR4, and more recent efforts have focused on the development of the first PAR4 antagonists, with first-in-class agents recently beginning clinical trial. Here, we review the rationale for this approach, outline the various modes of PAR4 inhibition, and speculate on the specific therapeutic potential of targeting PAR4 for the prevention of thrombotic conditions.
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22
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Hara T, Phuong PT, Fukuda D, Yamaguchi K, Murata C, Nishimoto S, Yagi S, Kusunose K, Yamada H, Soeki T, Wakatsuki T, Imoto I, Shimabukuro M, Sata M. Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Plays a Critical Role in Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Circulation 2019; 138:1706-1719. [PMID: 29700120 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.033544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coagulation system is closely linked with vascular inflammation, although the underlying mechanisms are still obscure. Recent studies show that protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2, a major receptor of activated factor X, is expressed in both vascular cells and leukocytes, suggesting that PAR-2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Here we investigated the role of PAR-2 in vascular inflammation and atherogenesis. METHODS We generated apolipoprotein E-deficient ( ApoE-/-) mice lacking systemic PAR-2 expression ( PAR-2-/- ApoE-/-). ApoE-/- mice, which lack or express PAR-2 only in bone marrow (BM) cells, were also generated by BM transplantation. Atherosclerotic lesions were investigated after 20 weeks on a Western-type diet by histological analyses, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. In vitro experiments using BM-derived macrophages were performed to confirm the proinflammatory roles of PAR-2. The association between plasma activated factor X level and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was also examined in humans who underwent coronary intervention. RESULTS PAR-2-/- ApoE-/- mice showed reduced atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic arch ( P<0.05) along with features of stabilized atherosclerotic plaques, such as less lipid deposition ( P<0.05), collagen loss ( P<0.01), macrophage accumulation ( P<0.05), and inflammatory molecule expression ( P<0.05) compared with ApoE-/- mice. Systemic PAR2 deletion in ApoE-/-mice significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory molecules in the aorta. The results of BM transplantation experiments demonstrated that PAR-2 in hematopoietic cells contributed to atherogenesis in ApoE-/- mice. PAR-2 deletion did not alter metabolic parameters. In vitro experiments demonstrated that activated factor X or a specific peptide agonist of PAR-2 significantly increased the expression of inflammatory molecules and lipid uptake in BM-derived macrophages from wild-type mice compared with those from PAR-2-deficient mice. Activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling was involved in PAR-2-associated vascular inflammation and macrophage activation. In humans who underwent coronary intervention, plasma activated factor X level independently correlated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis as determined by Gensini score ( P<0.05) and plaque volume ( P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS PAR-2 signaling activates macrophages and promotes vascular inflammation, increasing atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. This signaling pathway may also participate in atherogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hara
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.H., P.T.P., D.F., K.Y., S.N., S.Y., K.K., H.Y., T.S., T.W., M.Sata), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Pham Tran Phuong
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.H., P.T.P., D.F., K.Y., S.N., S.Y., K.K., H.Y., T.S., T.W., M.Sata), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.H., P.T.P., D.F., K.Y., S.N., S.Y., K.K., H.Y., T.S., T.W., M.Sata), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.,Cardio-Diabetes Medicine (D.F., M.Shimabukuro), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Koji Yamaguchi
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.H., P.T.P., D.F., K.Y., S.N., S.Y., K.K., H.Y., T.S., T.W., M.Sata), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Chie Murata
- Human Genetics (C.M., I.I.), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nishimoto
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.H., P.T.P., D.F., K.Y., S.N., S.Y., K.K., H.Y., T.S., T.W., M.Sata), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | | | - Kenya Kusunose
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.H., P.T.P., D.F., K.Y., S.N., S.Y., K.K., H.Y., T.S., T.W., M.Sata), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Yamada
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.H., P.T.P., D.F., K.Y., S.N., S.Y., K.K., H.Y., T.S., T.W., M.Sata), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Takeshi Soeki
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.H., P.T.P., D.F., K.Y., S.N., S.Y., K.K., H.Y., T.S., T.W., M.Sata), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Tetsuzo Wakatsuki
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.H., P.T.P., D.F., K.Y., S.N., S.Y., K.K., H.Y., T.S., T.W., M.Sata), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Human Genetics (C.M., I.I.), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Cardio-Diabetes Medicine (D.F., M.Shimabukuro), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.H., P.T.P., D.F., K.Y., S.N., S.Y., K.K., H.Y., T.S., T.W., M.Sata), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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Luyendyk JP, Schoenecker JG, Flick MJ. The multifaceted role of fibrinogen in tissue injury and inflammation. Blood 2019; 133:511-520. [PMID: 30523120 PMCID: PMC6367649 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-818211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical role of the hemostatic and fibrinolytic systems is to maintain vascular integrity. Perturbations in either system can prompt primary pathological end points of hemorrhage or thrombosis with vessel occlusion. However, fibrin(ogen) and proteases controlling its deposition and clearance, including (pro)thrombin and plasmin(ogen), have powerful roles in driving acute and reparative inflammatory pathways that affect the spectrum of tissue injury, remodeling, and repair. Indeed, fibrin(ogen) deposits are a near-universal feature of tissue injury, regardless of the nature of the inciting event, including injuries driven by mechanical insult, infection, or immunological derangements. Fibrin can modify multiple aspects of inflammatory cell function by engaging leukocytes through a variety of cellular receptors and mechanisms. Studies on the role of coagulation system activation and fibrin(ogen) deposition in models of inflammatory disease and tissue injury have revealed points of commonality, as well as context-dependent contributions of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors. However, there remains a critical need to define the precise temporal and spatial mechanisms by which fibrinogen-directed inflammatory events may dictate the severity of tissue injury and coordinate the remodeling and repair events essential to restore normal organ function. Current research trends suggest that future studies will give way to the identification of novel hemostatic factor-targeted therapies for a range of tissue injuries and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jonathan G Schoenecker
- Department of Orthopaedics
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Pediatrics, and
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Liu X, Luo Q, Wu D, Liu X, Zou L. Inhibiting trophoblast PAR-1 overexpression suppresses sFlt-1-induced anti-angiogenesis and abnormal vascular remodeling: a possible therapeutic approach for preeclampsia. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:158-169. [PMID: 29325127 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is it possible to improve vascular remodeling by inhibiting the excessive expression of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) in trophoblast of abnormal placenta? SUMMARY ANSWER Inhibition of trophoblast PAR-1 overexpression may promote placental angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, offering an alternative therapeutic approach for preeclampsia. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY PAR-1 is high-affinity receptor of thrombin. Thrombin increases sFlt-1 secretion in trophoblast via the activation of PAR-1. It is reported that the expression of both thrombin and PAR-1 expression are increased in placentas of preeclampsia patients compared with normal placentas. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Trophoblast cells were transfected with PAR-1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or PAR-1 overexpression plasmids in vitro. Tube formation assays and a villus-decidua co-culture system were used to study the effect of PAR-1 inhibition on placental angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, respectively. Placentas from rats with preeclampsia were transfected with PAR-1 shRNA to confirm the effect of inhibiting PAR-1 overexpression in placenta. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo was transfected with PAR-1 shRNA or PAR-1 overexpression plasmids. After 48 h, supernatant was collected and the level of sFlt-1 secretion was measured by ELISA. Human umbilical cord epithelial cells and a villus-decidua co-culture system were treated with conditioned media to study the effect of PAR-1 inhibition on tube formation and villi vascular remodeling. A preeclampsia rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of L-NAME. Plasmids were injected into the placenta of the preeclampsia rats and systolic blood pressure was measured on Days 15 and 19. The effect of different treatments was evaluated by proteinuria, placental weights, fetal weights and fetal numbers in study and control groups. The level of serum sFlt-1 in rats with preeclampsia was also measured. Changes in the placenta microvessels were studied by histopathological staining. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE PAR-1 shRNA inhibited PAR-1 expression and significantly suppressed sFlt-1 expression in trophoblasts. Soluble Flt-1 level in the supernatant was suppressed by PAR-1 inhibition plasmid transfection and increased by PAR-1 overexpression plasmids (46.93 ± 5.22 vs. 25.21 ± 4.18 vs. 67.84 ± 3.58 ng/ml, P < 0.01). Tube formation assays showed that conditioned media from shPAR-1 transfected cells resulted in an increase in the total number of branching points compared with that of blank controls (P < 0.05). The villus-decidua co-culture system confirmed down-regulation of PAR-1 was conducive to angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Transfecting placenta with PAR-1 shRNA plasmids improved placental vascular development and ameliorated the symptoms of preeclampsia in rats. After treatment with shRNA, blood pressure was controlled (140.83 ± 1.08 vs. 123.6 ± 1.47 mmHg, P < 0.001) and proteinuria levels were decreased (4.48 ± 0.36 vs. 2.64 ± 0.25 μg/μl, P < 0.01). sFlt-1 protein levels were significantly higher in preeclampsia group than in the control group (1.44 ± 0.33 vs. 2.92 ± 0.85 ng/ml, P < 0.001), but was reduced (0.92 ± 0.06 ng/ml, vs. PE, P < 0.001) in the treatment group. The histopathological changes of the placental microvessels showed that in the preeclampsia group, the number of blood vessels was reduced, while in treatment group, the placental microvasculature was improved (P < 0.001). LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Despite our promising results, the evaluation of kidney damage was studied only by proteinuria measurement. Histochemistry of kidney damage will be supplemented in a further study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The data showed that inhibition of trophoblast PAR-1 overexpression may promote placental angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, potentially offering an alternative therapeutic approach for preeclampsia. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81100442 and 81771605 for Y.Z. and 81179584 for L.Z.) and the Hubei Province Health and Family Planning Scientific Research Project (Grant No. WJ2017 M093 for Y.Z.). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Street, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - YanFang Zheng
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Street, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - XiaoXia Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Street, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - QingQing Luo
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Street, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Di Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Street, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - XiaoPing Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Street, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Zou
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Street, Wuhan 430022, China
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Xin Y, Hertle E, van der Kallen CJH, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA, van Greevenbroek MMJ. Complement C3 and C4, but not their regulators or activated products, are associated with incident metabolic syndrome: the CODAM study. Endocrine 2018; 62:617-627. [PMID: 30132263 PMCID: PMC6244913 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the associations of components of the alternative (C3, C3a, Bb, factor D [FD], factor H [FH], properdin) and the classical complement pathway (C4, C1q, C1-inhibitor [C1-INH]) with prevalent and incident metabolic syndrome in a cohort with a moderately increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. METHODS The study cohort was comprised of 574 participants (61% men, age 59.6 ± 7.0 years) at baseline and 489 participants after 7-year follow-up. Multiple logistic regression analyses were done to investigate the associations of concentrations of baseline plasma complement (standardized values) with prevalent and incident (in those without metabolic syndrome at baseline, n = 189) metabolic syndrome. RESULTS C3 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.48 [95% confidence interval: 1.02; 2.14]) and C4 (OR = 1.95 [1.32; 2.88]), but none of the other complement components were associated with incident metabolic syndrome (n = 40 cases). Notably, in the cross-sectional analyses, we did observe higher levels of C3a (OR = 1.25 [1.03; 1.52]), FH (OR = 2.93 [2.24; 3.83]), and properdin (OR = 1.88 [1.50; 2.34]), in addition to C3 (OR = 3.60 [2.73; 4.75]) and C4 (OR = 1.39 [1.13; 1.69]), in those with the metabolic syndrome compared to those without, while no association was observed for FD, Bb, C1q, or C1-INH. CONCLUSIONS In the cross-sectional analyses, the effects sizes (standardized regression coefficients) for C3 and C4 were similar to those of (some of) the regulators and activators, yet only C3 and C4 were associated with incident disease. These findings suggest a role for C3 and C4, but not their regulators or activated products, in the development of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Hertle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Antoniak S, Tatsumi K, Schmedes CM, Grover SP, Pawlinski R, Mackman N. Protease-activated receptor 1 activation enhances doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 122:80-87. [PMID: 30098988 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The anti-cancer anthracycline drug Doxorubicin (Dox) causes cardiotoxicity. We investigated the role of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro experiments revealed that PAR-1 enhanced Dox-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species and cell death of cardiac myocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. The contribution of PAR-1 to Dox-induced cardiotoxicity was investigated by subjecting PAR-1-/- mice and PAR-1+/+ mice to acute and chronic exposure to Dox. Heart function was measured by echocardiography. PAR-1-/- mice exhibited significant less cardiac injury and dysfunction compared to PAR-1+/+ mice after acute and chronic Dox administration. PAR-1-/- mice had reduced levels of nitrotyrosine, apoptosis and inflammation in their heart compared to PAR-1+/+ mice. Furthermore, inhibition of PAR-1 in wild-type mice with vorapaxar significantly reduced the acute Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that activation of PAR-1 contributes to Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Inhibition of PAR-1 may be a new approach to reduce Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Antoniak
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Clare M Schmedes
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Steven P Grover
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Rana R, Huang T, Koukos G, Fletcher EK, Turner SE, Shearer A, Gurbel PA, Rade JJ, Kimmelstiel CD, Bliden KP, Covic L, Kuliopulos A. Noncanonical Matrix Metalloprotease 1-Protease-Activated Receptor 1 Signaling Drives Progression of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1368-1380. [PMID: 29622563 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is classically activated by thrombin and is critical in controlling the balance of hemostasis and thrombosis. More recently, it has been shown that noncanonical activation of PAR1 by matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP1) contributes to arterial thrombosis. However, the role of PAR1 in long-term development of atherosclerosis is unknown, regardless of the protease agonist. APPROACH AND RESULTS We found that plasma MMP1 was significantly correlated (R=0.33; P=0.0015) with coronary atherosclerotic burden as determined by angiography in 91 patients with coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome undergoing cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention. A cell-penetrating PAR1 pepducin, PZ-128, currently being tested as an antithrombotic agent in the acute setting in the TRIP-PCI study (Thrombin Receptor Inhibitory Pepducin-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention), caused a significant decrease in total atherosclerotic burden by 58% to 70% (P<0.05) and reduced plaque macrophage content by 54% (P<0.05) in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. An MMP1 inhibitor gave similar beneficial effects, in contrast to the thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin that gave no improvement on atherosclerosis end points. Mechanistic studies revealed that inflammatory signaling mediated by MMP1-PAR1 plays a critical role in amplifying tumor necrosis factor α signaling in endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that targeting the MMP1-PAR1 system may be effective in tamping down chronic inflammatory signaling in plaques and halting the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Rana
- From the Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (R.R., T.H., G.K., E.K.F., S.E.T., A.S., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Tianfang Huang
- From the Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (R.R., T.H., G.K., E.K.F., S.E.T., A.S., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Georgios Koukos
- From the Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (R.R., T.H., G.K., E.K.F., S.E.T., A.S., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Elizabeth K Fletcher
- From the Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (R.R., T.H., G.K., E.K.F., S.E.T., A.S., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Susan E Turner
- From the Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (R.R., T.H., G.K., E.K.F., S.E.T., A.S., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Andrew Shearer
- From the Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (R.R., T.H., G.K., E.K.F., S.E.T., A.S., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Paul A Gurbel
- Inova Center for Thrombosis Research and Translational Medicine, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA (P.A.G., K.P.B.)
| | - Jeffrey J Rade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (J.J.R.)
| | - Carey D Kimmelstiel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.D.K.)
| | - Kevin P Bliden
- Inova Center for Thrombosis Research and Translational Medicine, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA (P.A.G., K.P.B.)
| | - Lidija Covic
- From the Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (R.R., T.H., G.K., E.K.F., S.E.T., A.S., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Athan Kuliopulos
- From the Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (R.R., T.H., G.K., E.K.F., S.E.T., A.S., L.C., A.K.)
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Tatsumi K, Antoniak S, Subramaniam S, Gondouin B, Neidich SD, Beck MA, Mickelson J, Monroe DM, Bastarache JA, Mackman N. Anticoagulation increases alveolar hemorrhage in mice infected with influenza A. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/24/e13071. [PMID: 28003564 PMCID: PMC5210384 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus infection is a common respiratory tract infection. Alveolar hemorrhage has been reported in patients with influenza pneumonia and in mice infected with influenza A. In this study, we investigated the effect of two anticoagulants on alveolar hemorrhage after influenza A virus (IAV) infection of wild‐type mice. Wild‐type mice were anticoagulated with either warfarin or the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate and then infected with a mouse‐adapted influenza virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1). Alveolar hemorrhage was assessed by measuring hemoglobin levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). We also measured vascular permeability and viral genomes in the lung, as well as white blood cells, inflammatory mediators, and protein in BALF. Survival and body weight were monitored for 14 days after influenza A infection. In infected mice receiving either warfarin or dabigatran etexilate we observed decreased activation of coagulation in the BALF and increased alveolar hemorrhage. Warfarin but not dabigatran etexilate increased vascular permeability and mortality of influenza A‐infected mice. Anticoagulation did not affect levels of influenza A genomes, white blood cells, inflammatory mediators, or protein in the BALF. Our study indicates that systemic anticoagulation increases alveolar hemorrhage in influenza A‐infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tatsumi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Saravanan Subramaniam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bertrand Gondouin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott D Neidich
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Melinda A Beck
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jacqueline Mickelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dougald M Monroe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Julie A Bastarache
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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