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Bernstein N. Introduction to the special issue: the two sides of hemp: medical and industrial. J Cannabis Res 2024; 6:30. [PMID: 39010234 PMCID: PMC11251343 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-024-00237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Bernstein
- Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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2
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Minamoto K, Takayama T, Katehashi H, Katagi M, Inoue K. Development and validation of a sensitive and simultaneous liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of eight phytocannabinoids in various CBD products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 249:116341. [PMID: 38972177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of eight phytocannabinoids in various cannabidiol (CBD) products from Japanese market. This method was combined with electrospray ionization in positive mode and sample preparation with QuEChERS. Three types of commercial products such as honey, chocolate, and gummies were used to perform accurate quantification with unified protocol of LC-MS/MS and QuEChERS. The limit of detection and quantification were 5-20 µg g-1 and 10-40 µg g-1, respectively. Reproducibility was ensured using matrices free of target foods, resulting in an accuracy within ±10 % and a precision with a relative standard deviation of less than 5 % for all targets. Finally, this analytical method was applied to 8 series of commercial samples from the Japanese market. This unified protocol will serve as a reference as an official method in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Minamoto
- Laboratory of Clinical & Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takayama
- Laboratory of Clinical & Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hidenao Katehashi
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Osaka Prefectural Police Headquarters, 1-3-18 Hommachi, Chuo-Ku, Osaka 541-0053, Japan
| | - Munehiro Katagi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Laboratory of Clinical & Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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3
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Glickman D, Dalessio S, Raup-Konsavage WM, Vrana KE, Coates MD. The Impact of Cannabis Use on Clinical Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-based Longitudinal Cohort Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:1055-1061. [PMID: 37580878 PMCID: PMC11219477 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use is common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent studies demonstrated that use of cannabis may relieve symptoms; however, it is still unclear how safe cannabis and its derivatives are for IBD patients. We performed this study to evaluate the impact of cannabis use on several key clinical outcomes in IBD. METHODS We performed a retrospective study using the TriNetX Diamond Network. Cannabis use and noncannabis use subcohorts were identified for 3 patient groups: (1) IBD, (2) Crohn's disease (CD), and (3) ulcerative colitis (UC). Baseline differences between subcohorts for each group were controlled by propensity score matching. In each group, we compared relative incidence of emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalization, corticosteroid use, opioid use, IBD-related surgery, and death between cannabis users and noncannabis users. RESULTS Inflammatory bowel disease cannabis users demonstrated an increased risk for corticosteroid use (risk ratios [R],1.095; 95% CI, 1.021-1.174; P = .011), ED visits (RR, 2.143; 95% CI, 2.034-2.257; P < .001), hospitalizations (RR, 1.925; 95% CI, 1.783-2.079; P < .001) and opioid use (RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.14-1.6); P < .001), but not an increased risk of IBD-related surgery or death. The CD and UC groups exhibited similar outcomes, except only CD demonstrated an increased risk for corticosteroid and opioid use. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis use in IBD patients is associated with several poor clinical outcomes, including increased risk of corticosteroid and opioid use, ED visits and hospitalization, though not IBD-related surgery or death. It is not clear what drives these risks or whether they are directly related to IBD-associated disease activity or other factors. Further prospective studies are warranted to more carefully investigate these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shannon Dalessio
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Kent E Vrana
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matthew D Coates
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Hershey, PA, USA
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4
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Sanil K, Almotairy A, Uttreja P, Ashour EA. Formulation Development and Evaluation of Cannabidiol Hot-Melt Extruded Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Oral Applications. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:136. [PMID: 38862810 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a highly lipophilic compound with poor oral bioavailability, due to poor aqueous solubility and extensive pre-systemic metabolism. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of employing Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) technology for the continuous production of Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) to improve the solubility and in vitro dissolution performance of CBD. Accordingly, different placebos were processed through HME in order to obtain a lead CBD loaded solid SEDDS. Two SEDDS were prepared with sesame oil, Poloxamer 188, Gelucire®59/14, PEO N80 and Soluplus®. Moreover, Vitamin E was added as an antioxidant. The SEDDS formulations demonstrated emulsification times of 9.19 and 9.30 min for F1 and F2 respectively. The formed emulsions showed smaller droplet size ranging from 150-400 nm that could improve lymphatic uptake of CBD and reduce first pass metabolism. Both formulations showed significantly faster in vitro dissolution rate (90% for F1 and 83% for F2) compared to 14% for the pure CBD within the first hour, giving an enhanced release profile. The formulations were tested for stability over a 60-day time period at 4°C, 25°C, and 40°C. Formulation F1 was stable over the 60-day time-period at 4°C. Therefore, the continuous HME technology could replace conventional methods for processing SEDDS and improve the oral delivery of CBD for better therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavish Sanil
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Ahmed Almotairy
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah AlMunawarah, 30001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prateek Uttreja
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Eman A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
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5
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Sharon N, Yarmolinsky L, Khalfin B, Fleisher-Berkovich S, Ben-Shabat S. Cannabinoids' Role in Modulating Central and Peripheral Immunity in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6402. [PMID: 38928109 PMCID: PMC11204381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids (the endocannabinoids, the synthetic cannabinoids, and the phytocannabinoids) are well known for their various pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory features, which are fundamentally important for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The aging of the global population is causing an increase in these diseases that require the development of effective drugs to be even more urgent. Taking into account the unavailability of effective drugs for neurodegenerative diseases, it seems appropriate to consider the role of cannabinoids in the treatment of these diseases. To our knowledge, few reviews are devoted to cannabinoids' impact on modulating central and peripheral immunity in neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this review is to provide the best possible information about the cannabinoid receptors and immuno-modulation features, peripheral immune modulation by cannabinoids, cannabinoid-based therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders, and the future development prospects of making cannabinoids versatile tools in the pursuit of effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (N.S.); (L.Y.); (B.K.); (S.F.-B.)
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6
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Pires B, Oliveira P, Simão AY, Reis J, Ramos S, Duarte AP, Margalho C, Rosado T, Barroso M, Gallardo E. Characterisation of Cannabis-Based Products Marketed for Medical and Non-Medical Use Purchased in Portugal. Molecules 2024; 29:2737. [PMID: 38930803 PMCID: PMC11206000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabis-based products have gained attention in recent years for their perceived therapeutic benefits (with cannabinoids such as THC and CBD) and widespread availability. However, these products often lack accurate labelling regarding their cannabinoid content. Our study, conducted with products available in Portugal, revealed significant discrepancies between label claims and actual cannabinoid compositions. A fully validated method was developed for the characterisation of different products acquired from pharmacies and street shops (beverages, herbal samples, oils, and cosmetic products) using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector. Linearity ranged from 0.4 to 100 µg/mL (0.04-10 µg/mg) (THC, 8-THC, CBD, CBG, CBDA, CBGA), 0.1-100 µg/mL (0.01-10 µg/mg) (CBN), 0.4-250 µg/mL (0.04-25 µg/mg) (THCA-A), and 0.8-100 µg/mL (0.08-10 µg/mg) (CBCA). Among sampled beverages, none contained detectable cannabinoids, despite suggestive packaging. Similarly, oils often differed from the declared cannabinoid compositions, with some containing significantly higher CBD concentrations than labelled. These inconsistencies raise serious concerns regarding consumer safety and informed decision-making. Moreover, our findings underscore the need for stringent regulation and standardised testing protocols to ensure the accuracy and safety of cannabis-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pires
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.P.); (P.O.); (A.Y.S.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.)
- Laboratorio de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-000 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Patrik Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.P.); (P.O.); (A.Y.S.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.)
- Laboratorio de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-000 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Y. Simão
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.P.); (P.O.); (A.Y.S.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.)
- Laboratorio de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-000 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Reis
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.P.); (P.O.); (A.Y.S.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.)
| | - Sofia Ramos
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.P.); (P.O.); (A.Y.S.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.)
| | - Ana Paula Duarte
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.P.); (P.O.); (A.Y.S.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.)
- Laboratorio de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-000 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Margalho
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses—Delegação do Centro, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.P.); (P.O.); (A.Y.S.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.)
- Laboratorio de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-000 Covilhã, Portugal
- Centro Académico Clínico das Beiras (CACB)-Grupo de Problemas Relacionados com Toxicofilias, 6200-000 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- AlphaBiolabs, 14 Webster Court, Carina Park, Warrington WA5 8WD, UK;
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses—Delegação do Sul, 1169-201 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.P.); (P.O.); (A.Y.S.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.)
- Laboratorio de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-000 Covilhã, Portugal
- Centro Académico Clínico das Beiras (CACB)-Grupo de Problemas Relacionados com Toxicofilias, 6200-000 Covilhã, Portugal
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Manca A, Valz C, Chiara F, Mula J, Palermiti A, Billi M, Antonucci M, Nicolò AD, Luxardo N, Imperiale D, Vischia F, De Cori D, Cusato J, D'Avolio A. Cannabinoid levels description in a cohort of patients with chronic and neuropathic pain treated with Cannabis decoction: A possible role of TDM. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116686. [PMID: 38713939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The phytocomplex of Cannabis is made up of approximately 500 substances: terpeno-phenols metabolites, including Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, exhibit pharmacological activity. Medical Cannabis has several pharmacological potential applications, in particular in the management of chronic and neuropathic pain. In the literature, a few data are available concerning cannabis pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety. Thus, aim of the present study was the evaluation of cannabinoid pharmacokinetics in a cohort of patients, with chronic and neuropathic pain, treated with inhaled medical cannabis and decoction, as a galenic preparation. In this study, 67 patients were enrolled. Dried flower tops with different THC and CBD concentrations were used: Bedrocan® medical cannabis with THC level standardized at 19% and with a CBD level below 1%, Bediol® medical cannabis with THC and CBD level standardized at similar concentration of 6.5% and 8%, respectively. Cannabis was administered as a decoction in 47 patients and inhaled in 11 patients. The blood withdrawn was obtained before the new dose administration at the steady state and metabolites plasma concentrations were measured with an UHPLC-MS/MS method. Statistically significant differences were found in cannabinoids plasma exposure between inhaled and oral administration of medical cannabis, between male and female and cigarette smokers. For the first time, differences in cannabinoid metabolites exposures between different galenic formulations were suggested in patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring could be useful to allow for dose adjustment, but further studies in larger cohorts of patients are required in order to confirm these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Manca
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - Cristina Valz
- SC Terapia del dolore - ASL Città di Torino, Turin 10144, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiara
- University of Turin, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology San Luigi A.O.U., RegioneGonzole 10, Orbassano, Turin 10043, Italy
| | - Jacopo Mula
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - Alice Palermiti
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - Martina Billi
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - Miriam Antonucci
- SCDU Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, ASL Città di Torino, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - Amedeo De Nicolò
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - Nicola Luxardo
- SC Terapia del dolore - ASL Città di Torino, Turin 10144, Italy
| | - Daniele Imperiale
- Neurology Unit, Maria Vittoria Hospital, ASL Città di Torino, Turin 10144, Italy
| | - Flavio Vischia
- Department of Mental Health - Psychiatric Unit West, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - David De Cori
- Department of Mental Health - Psychiatric Unit West, Turin 10149, Italy
| | - Jessica Cusato
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, Turin 10149, Italy.
| | - Antonio D'Avolio
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, Turin 10149, Italy
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8
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Le K, Le KDR, Nguyen J, Hua J, Munday S. The Role of Medicinal Cannabis as an Emerging Therapy for Opioid Use Disorder. Pain Ther 2024; 13:435-455. [PMID: 38676910 PMCID: PMC11111657 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-024-00599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review explores current insights into the potential use of medicinal cannabis-related products as an emerging therapy for opioid use disorder in the landscape of increasing knowledge about medicinal cannabis-based products, commercialisation and global legalisation. Preclinical studies have provided preliminary insight into the putative neurobiological mechanisms that underpin the potential for medicinal cannabis to be considered a therapeutic in opioid use disorder and addiction. With the progressive legalisation of cannabis in many jurisdictions worldwide, contemporary research has highlighted further evidence that medicinal cannabis may have efficacy in reducing cravings and withdrawal effects, and therefore may be considered as an adjunct or standalone to current medications for opioid use disorder. Despite this potential, the landscape of research in this space draws from a large number of observational studies, with a paucity of rigorous randomised controlled trials to ascertain a true understanding of effect size and safety profile. With current challenges in implementation that arise from political and legal qualms about adopting medicinal cannabis on the background of associated social stigma, significant hurdles remain to be addressed by government, policy-makers, healthcare providers and researchers before medical cannabis can be introduced globally for the treatment of opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Le
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Khang Duy Ricky Le
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, 300 Grattan St., Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Geelong Clinical School, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Education, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Johnny Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean Hua
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Munday
- The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Bioethics Centre, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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9
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Portillo R, Abad C, Synova T, Kastner P, Heblik D, Kucera R, Karahoda R, Staud F. Cannabidiol disrupts tryptophan metabolism in the human term placenta. Toxicology 2024; 505:153813. [PMID: 38663822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
The increasing use of cannabis during pregnancy raises concerns about its impact on fetal development. While cannabidiol (CBD) shows therapeutic promise, its effects during pregnancy remain uncertain. We investigated CBD's influence on tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in the human placenta. TRP is an essential amino acid that is metabolized via the serotonin and kynurenine (KYN) pathways, which are critical for fetal neurodevelopment. We used human term villous placental explants, an advanced ex vivo model, to study CBD's impact on key TRP metabolic enzymes. In addition, vesicles isolated from the microvillous membrane (MVM) of the human placenta were used to assess CBD's effect on placental serotonin uptake. Explants were exposed to CBD at therapeutic (0.1, 1, 2.5 μg/ml) and non-therapeutic (20 and 40 μg/ml) concentrations to determine its effects on the gene and protein expression of key enzymes in TRP metabolism and metabolite release. CBD upregulated TRP hydroxylase (TPH) and downregulated monoamine oxidase (MAO-A), resulting in reduced levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIAA). It also downregulated serotonin transporter expression and inhibited serotonin transport across the MVM by up to 60% while simultaneously enhancing TRP metabolism via the kynurenine pathway by upregulating indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1). Among kynurenine pathway enzymes, kynurenine 3 monooxygenase (KMO) was upregulated while kynurenine aminotransferase 1 (KAT-1) was downregulated; the former is associated with neurotoxic metabolite production, while the latter is linked to reduced neuroprotective metabolite levels. Overall, these results indicate that CBD modulates TRP catabolism in the human placenta, potentially disrupting the tightly regulated homeostasis of the serotonin and KYN pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Portillo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Cilia Abad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tetiana Synova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kastner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Heblik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kucera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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10
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Sobieraj J, Strzelecka K, Sobczak M, Oledzka E. How Biodegradable Polymers Can be Effective Drug Delivery Systems for Cannabinoids? Prospectives and Challenges. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4607-4649. [PMID: 38799700 PMCID: PMC11128233 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s458907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are compounds found in and derived from the Cannabis plants that have become increasingly recognised as significant modulating factors of physiological mechanisms and inflammatory reactions of the organism, thus inevitably affecting maintenance of homeostasis. Medical Cannabis popularity has surged since its legal regulation growing around the world. Numerous promising discoveries bring more data on cannabinoids' pharmacological characteristics and therapeutic applications. Given the current surge in interest in the medical use of cannabinoids, there is an urgent need for an effective method of their administration. Surpassing low bioavailability, low water solubility, and instability became an important milestone in the advancement of cannabinoids in pharmaceutical applications. The numerous uses of cannabinoids in clinical practice remain restricted by limited administration alternatives, but there is hope when biodegradable polymers are taken into account. The primary objective of this review is to highlight the wide range of indications for which cannabinoids may be used, as well as the polymeric carriers that enhance their effectiveness. The current review described a wide range of therapeutic applications of cannabinoids, including pain management, neurological and sleep disorders, anxiety, and cancer treatment. The use of these compounds was further examined in the area of dermatology and cosmetology. Finally, with the use of biodegradable polymer-based drug delivery systems (DDSs), it was demonstrated that cannabinoids can be delivered specifically to the intended site while also improving the drug's physicochemical properties, emphasizing their utility. Nevertheless, additional clinical trials on novel cannabinoids' formulations are required, as their full spectrum therapeutical potential is yet to be unravelled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sobieraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Strzelecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - Marcin Sobczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - Ewa Oledzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
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Gomes PWP, Mannochio-Russo H, Schmid R, Zuffa S, Damiani T, Quiros-Guerrero LM, Caraballo-Rodríguez AM, Zhao HN, Yang H, Xing S, Charron-Lamoureux V, Chigumba DN, Sedio BE, Myers JA, Allard PM, Harwood TV, Tamayo-Castillo G, Kang KB, Defossez E, Koolen HHF, da Silva MN, E Silva CYY, Rasmann S, Walker TWN, Glauser G, Chaves-Fallas JM, David B, Kim H, Lee KH, Kim MJ, Choi WJ, Keum YS, de Lima EJSP, de Medeiros LS, Bataglion GA, Costa EV, da Silva FMA, Carvalho ARV, Reis JDE, Pamplona S, Jeong E, Lee K, Kim GJ, Kil YS, Nam JW, Choi H, Han YK, Park SY, Lee KY, Hu C, Dong Y, Sang S, Morrison CR, Borges RM, Teixeira AM, Lee SY, Lee BS, Jeong SY, Kim KH, Rutz A, Gaudry A, Bruelhart E, Kappers IF, Karlova R, Meisenburg M, Berdaguer R, Tello JS, Henderson D, Cayola L, Wright SJ, Allen DN, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Baltzer JL, Lutz JA, McMahon SM, Parker GG, Parker JD, Northen TR, Bowen BP, Pluskal T, van der Hooft JJJ, Carver JJ, Bandeira N, Pullman BS, Wolfender JL, Kersten RD, Wang M, Dorrestein PC. plantMASST - Community-driven chemotaxonomic digitization of plants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593988. [PMID: 38798440 PMCID: PMC11118438 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the distribution of hundreds of thousands of plant metabolites across the plant kingdom presents a challenge. To address this, we curated publicly available LC-MS/MS data from 19,075 plant extracts and developed the plantMASST reference database encompassing 246 botanical families, 1,469 genera, and 2,793 species. This taxonomically focused database facilitates the exploration of plant-derived molecules using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra. This tool will aid in drug discovery, biosynthesis, (chemo)taxonomy, and the evolutionary ecology of herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Wender P Gomes
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Helena Mannochio-Russo
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robin Schmid
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Simone Zuffa
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tito Damiani
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luis-Manuel Quiros-Guerrero
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrés Mauricio Caraballo-Rodríguez
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Haoqi Nina Zhao
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Heejung Yang
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shipei Xing
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Charron-Lamoureux
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Desnor N Chigumba
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian E Sedio
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Republic of Panama
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Thomas V Harwood
- The DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - Giselle Tamayo-Castillo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2061 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Kyo Bin Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Emmanuel Defossez
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Botanical garden of Neuchâtel
| | | | - Milton Nascimento da Silva
- Laboratory of Liquid Chromatography, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Consuelo Yumiko Yoshioka E Silva
- Laboratory of Liquid Chromatography, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tom W N Walker
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gaëtan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - José Miguel Chaves-Fallas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Department of Biology and Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Bruno David
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien, BP 13562, 31562 Toulouse, France
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, 32, Dongguk-ro, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, 32, Dongguk-ro, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
| | - Myeong Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, 32, Dongguk-ro, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
| | - Won Jun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, 32, Dongguk-ro, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
| | - Young-Sam Keum
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, 32, Dongguk-ro, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
| | | | - Lívia Soman de Medeiros
- Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09972-270, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alice Rhelly V Carvalho
- Laboratory of Liquid Chromatography, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - José Diogo E Reis
- Laboratory of Liquid Chromatography, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Sônia Pamplona
- Laboratory of Liquid Chromatography, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Eunah Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungha Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seo Kil
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Core Research Support Center for Natural Products and Medical Materials, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Core Research Support Center for Natural Products and Medical Materials, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Kyong Han
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Changling Hu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Yilun Dong
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Colin R Morrison
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Brackenridge Field Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ricardo Moreira Borges
- Walter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrew Magno Teixeira
- Walter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Seo Yoon Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yun Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Adriano Rutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Gaudry
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Edouard Bruelhart
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Iris F Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rumyana Karlova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mara Meisenburg
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Berdaguer
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Sebastián Tello
- Latin America Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Henderson
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leslie Cayola
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - David N Allen
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA
| | | | | | - James A Lutz
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Geoffrey G Parker
- Forest Ecology Group, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - John D Parker
- Forest Ecology Group, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division and the DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - Benjamin P Bowen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division and the DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - Tomáš Pluskal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Justin J J van der Hooft
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Jeremy J Carver
- Center for Computational Mass Spectrometry, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego 92093-0404, United States
| | - Nuno Bandeira
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin S Pullman
- Center for Computational Mass Spectrometry, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego 92093-0404, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roland D Kersten
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mingxun Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Szejko N, Becher E, Heimann F, Grotenhermen F, Müller-Vahl KR. Medicinal Use of Different Cannabis Strains: Results from a Large Prospective Survey in Germany. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2024; 57:133-140. [PMID: 38471525 DOI: 10.1055/a-2261-2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to now, it is unclear whether different medicinal cannabis (MC) strains are differently efficacious across different medical conditions. In this study, the effectiveness of different MC strains was compared depending on the disease to be treated. METHODS This was an online survey conducted in Germany between June 2020 and August 2020. Patients were allowed to participate only if they received a cannabis-based treatment from pharmacies in the form of cannabis flowers prescribed by a physician. RESULTS The survey was completed by n=1,028 participants. Most participants (58%) have used MC for more than 1 year, on average, 5.9 different strains. Bedrocan (pure tetrahydrocannabinol to pure cannabidiol [THC:CBD]=22:<1) was the most frequently prescribed strain, followed by Bakerstreet (THC:CBD=19:<1) and Pedanios 22/1 (THC:CBD=22:1). The most frequent conditions MC was prescribed for were different pain disorders, psychiatric and neurological diseases, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Overall, the mean patient-reported effectiveness was 80.1% (range, 0-100%). A regression model revealed no association between the patient-reported effectiveness and the variety. Furthermore, no influence of the disease on the choice of the MC strain was detected. On average, 2.1 side effects were reported (most commonly dry mouth (19.5%), increased appetite (17.1%), and tiredness (13.0%)). However, 29% of participants did not report any side effects. Only 398 participants (38.7%) indicated that costs for MC were covered by their health insurance. CONCLUSIONS Patients self-reported very good efficacy and tolerability of MC. There was no evidence suggesting that specific MC strains are superior depending on the disease to be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szejko
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Bioethics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eva Becher
- Department of Sex- and Gender-specific Medicine, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Franjo Grotenhermen
- International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines, Steinheim, Germany
- Center for Cannabis Medicine, Steinheim, Germany
| | - Kirsten R Müller-Vahl
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Pathak S, Jeyabalan JB, Liu K, Cook P, Lange B, Kim S, Nadar R, Ward K, Watts Alexander CS, Kumar A, Dua K, Moore T, Govindasamy J, Dhanasekaran M. Assessing effects of Cannabis on various neuropathologies: A systematic review. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100911. [PMID: 38876946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactives possess a wide range of chemical structures that can exert a plethora of pharmacological and toxicological actions, resulting in neuroprotection or neurotoxicity. These pharmacodynamic properties can positively or negatively impact human and animal global healthcare. Remarkably, Ayurvedic botanical Cannabis has been used worldwide by different ethnicities and religions for spiritual, commercial, recreational, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and medicinal purposes for centuries. Cannabis-based congeners have been approved by the United States of America's (USA) Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and other global law agencies for various therapeutic purposes. Surprisingly, the strict laws associated with possessing cannabis products have been mitigated in multiple states in the USA and across the globe for recreational use. This has consequently led to a radical escalation of exposure to cannabis-related substances of abuse. However, there is a lacuna in the literature on the acute and chronic effects of Cannabis and its congeners on various neuropathologies. Moreover, in the post-COVID era, there has been a drastic increase in the incidence and prevalence of numerous neuropathologies, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. There is an impending necessity for a safe, economically viable, multipotent, natural bioactive to prevent and treat various neuropathologies. The ayurvedic herb, Cannabis is one of the oldest botanicals known to humans and has been widely used. However, the comprehensive effect of Cannabis on various neuropathologies is not well established. Hence, this review presents effects of Cannabis on various neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhrud Pathak
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jeyaram Bharathi Jeyabalan
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Nilgiris, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, 643 001, India
| | - Keyi Liu
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Preston Cook
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Bennett Lange
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Shannon Kim
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Rishi Nadar
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kiersten Ward
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | - Ashwani Kumar
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, 249405, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy Moore
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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de Fátima Dos Santos Sampaio M, de Paiva YB, Sampaio TB, Pereira MG, Coimbra NC. Therapeutic applicability of cannabidiol and other phytocannabinoids in epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease and in comorbidity with psychiatric disorders. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:574-601. [PMID: 38477419 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol (CBD) and other Cannabis sativa L. derivatives on diseases of the central nervous system caused by their direct or indirect interaction with endocannabinoid system-related receptors and other molecular targets, such as the 5-HT1A receptor, which is a potential pharmacological target of CBD. Interestingly, CBD binding with the 5-HT1A receptor may be suitable for the treatment of epilepsies, parkinsonian syndromes and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in which the 5-HT1A serotonergic receptor plays a key role. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of cannabinoid effects on neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's diseases, and discuss their possible mechanism of action, highlighting interactions with molecular targets and the potential neuroprotective effects of phytocannabinoids. CBD has been shown to have significant therapeutic effects on epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, while nabiximols contribute to a reduction in spasticity and are a frequent option for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Although there are multiple theories on the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for neurological disorders, substantially greater progress in the search for strong scientific evidence of their pharmacological effectiveness is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria de Fátima Dos Santos Sampaio
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Agropastoralism Sciences and Technology (CCTA), North Fluminense State University (UENF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Psychobiology Division, Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yara Bezerra de Paiva
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Psychobiology Division, Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Center (NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tuane Bazanella Sampaio
- Pharmacology Post-Graduation Program, Health Sciences Centre, Santa Maria Federal University, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Messias Gonzaga Pereira
- Center for Agropastoralism Sciences and Technology (CCTA), North Fluminense State University (UENF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Psychobiology Division, Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- NAP-USP-Neurobiology of Emotions Research Center (NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fortier A, Zouaoui I, Dumais A, Potvin S. Effects of Recreational Cannabis Legalization on Mental Health: Scoping Review. Psychiatr Serv 2024:appips20230434. [PMID: 38650490 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20230434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recreational cannabis legalization (RCL) is expanding rapidly. RCL's effects on mental health issues are of particular concern because cannabis use is more frequent among people receiving psychiatric care and is associated with several psychiatric disorders. The authors conducted a scoping review to examine the evidence and discern gaps in the literature concerning the effects of RCL on mental health and to assess the factors responsible for an observed heterogeneity in research results. METHODS This scoping literature review followed PRISMA guidelines. Five databases-MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science-were searched for English- or French-language reports published between January 1, 2012, and April 30, 2023. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies from the United States and Canada were found. The studies were classified by category of the study's data (patients receiving psychiatric care [k=1], death records [k=4], emergency department or hospital records [k=10], and the general population [k=13]) and by the diagnosis (schizophrenia or psychoses, mood disorders, anxiety disorders and symptoms, suicide or suicidal ideation, or other mental health issues) examined. The review findings revealed a paucity of research and indicated mixed and largely inconclusive results of the studies examined. Research gaps were found in the examination of potential changes in cannabis use patterns among people receiving psychiatric care and in the availability of longitudinal studies. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians, researchers, and policy makers need to collaborate to address the research gaps and to develop evidence-based policies that reflect a thorough understanding of the effects associated with RCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fortier
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, and Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal
| | - Inès Zouaoui
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, and Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, and Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, and Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal
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Fraguas-Sánchez AI, Hernán D, Montejo C, Poklis JL, Lichtman AH, Torres-Suárez AI. Polycaprolactone microparticles for the subcutaneous administration of cannabidiol: in vitro and in vivo release. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:959-969. [PMID: 37824041 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has become a highly attractive entity in therapeutics. However, its low aqueous solubility, instability and handling problems limit the development of effective CBD formulations. Subcutaneously administered CBD-loaded polycaprolactone microparticles (MP) represent an interesting strategy to overcome these challenges. This work focuses on evaluating the pharmacokinetics of CBD formulated in polymer microparticles for subcutaneous administration and characterising its release. The mean release time (MRLT) parameter is used to compare the release of CBD from two microparticle formulations in vitro and in a mouse model. After the administration of CBD in solution, a bicompartmental distribution is observed due to the extensive diffusion to the brain, being the brain/blood AUC ratio 1.29. The blood and brain mean residence time (MRT) are 0.507 ± 0.04 and 0.257 ± 0.0004 days, respectively. MP prepared with two drug/polymer ratios (15/150-MP and 30/150-MP) are designed, showing similar in vitro dissolution profiles (similarity factor (f2) is 63.21), without statistically significant differences between MRLTin vitro values (4.68 ± 0.63 and 4.32 ± 0.05 days). However, considerable differences in blood and brain profiles between both formulations are detected. The blood and brain MRT values of 15/150-MP are 6.44 ± 0.3 days and 6.15 ± 0.25 days, respectively, whereas significantly lower values 3.91 ± 0.29 days and 2.24 ± 0.64 days are obtained with 30/150-MP. The extended release of CBD during 10 days after a single subcutaneous administration is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Fraguas-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Hernán
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Montejo
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, San Pablo CEU University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin L Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Ana Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Starvaggi I, Dierckman C, Lorenzo-Luaces L. Mental health misinformation on social media: Review and future directions. Curr Opin Psychol 2024; 56:101738. [PMID: 38128168 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Social media use for health information is extremely common in the United States. Unfortunately, this use may expose users to misinformation. The prevalence and harms of misinformation are well documented in many health domains (e.g., infectious diseases). However, research on mental health misinformation is limited. Our review suggests that mental health misinformation is common, although its prevalence varies across disorders and treatment types. Individual differences in susceptibility to misinformation have been documented for health misinformation generally but less so for mental health specifically. We discuss conceptual issues in defining mental health misinformation versus other classifications such as overgeneralizations from personal experience. Although there is clear evidence for false and actively misleading content, future research should also explore the role of negative healthcare experiences and health disparities on mental health misinformation on social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Starvaggi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University-Bloomington, 1101 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA
| | - Clare Dierckman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences/Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University-Bloomington, 1101 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA
| | - Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University-Bloomington, 1101 E 10th St., Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA.
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18
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Buchalska B, Kamińska K, Owe-Larsson M, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Cannabinoids in the treatment of glioblastoma. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:223-234. [PMID: 38457018 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary malignant tumor of the nervous system. While the treatment of other neoplasms is increasingly more efficacious the median survival rate of GBM patients remains low and equals about 14 months. Due to this fact, there are intensive efforts to find drugs that would help combat GBM. Nowadays cannabinoids are becoming more and more important in the field of cancer and not only because of their properties of antiemetic drugs during chemotherapy. These compounds may have a direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Studies indicate GBM has disturbances in the endocannabinoid system-changes in cannabinoid metabolism as well as in the cannabinoid receptor expression. The GBM cells show expression of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1R and CB2R), which mediate various actions of cannabinoids. Through these receptors, cannabinoids inhibit the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells, along with changing their morphology. Cannabinoids also induce an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in the tumor. Hence the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of GBM may be beneficial to the patients. So far, studies focusing on using cannabinoids in GBM therapy are mainly preclinical and involve cell lines and mice. The results are promising and show cannabinoids inhibit GBM growth. Several clinical studies are also being carried out. The preliminary results show good tolerance of cannabinoids and prolonged survival after administration of these drugs. In this review, we describe the impact of cannabinoids on GBM and glioma cells in vitro and in animal studies. We also provide overview of clinical trials on using cannabinoids in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Buchalska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, Warsaw, 02097, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kamińska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, Warsaw, 02097, Poland.
| | - Maja Owe-Larsson
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, Warsaw, 02097, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, Warsaw, 02097, Poland
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19
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Pota V, Sansone P, De Sarno S, Aurilio C, Coppolino F, Barbarisi M, Barbato F, Fiore M, Cosenza G, Passavanti MB, Pace MC. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Pain: A Narrative Review from Pain Assessment to Therapy. Behav Neurol 2024; 2024:1228194. [PMID: 38524401 PMCID: PMC10960655 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1228194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disease of the motor system that affects upper and lower motor neurons, leading to progressive muscle weakness, spasticity, atrophy, and respiratory failure, with a life expectancy of 2-5 years after symptom onset. In addition to motor symptoms, patients with ALS have a multitude of nonmotor symptoms; in fact, it is currently considered a multisystem disease. The purpose of our narrative review is to evaluate the different types of pain, the correlation between pain and the disease's stages, the pain assessment tools in ALS patients, and the available therapies focusing above all on the benefits of cannabis use. Pain is an underestimated and undertreated symptom that, in the last few years, has received more attention from research because it has a strong impact on the quality of life of these patients. The prevalence of pain is between 15% and 85% of ALS patients, and the studies on the type and intensity of pain are controversial. The absence of pain assessment tools validated in the ALS population and the dissimilar study designs influence the knowledge of ALS pain and consequently the pharmacological therapy. Several studies suggest that ALS is associated with changes in the endocannabinoid system, and the use of cannabis could slow the disease progression due to its neuroprotective action and act on pain, spasticity, cramps, sialorrhea, and depression. Our research has shown high patients' satisfaction with the use of cannabis for the treatment of spasticity and related pain. However, especially due to the ethical problems and the lack of interest of pharmaceutical companies, further studies are needed to ensure the most appropriate care for ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Pota
- Department of Women, Child, General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Sansone
- Department of Women, Child, General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara De Sarno
- Department of Women, Child, General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Aurilio
- Department of Women, Child, General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Coppolino
- Department of Women, Child, General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Manlio Barbarisi
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marco Fiore
- Department of Women, Child, General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Cosenza
- Department of Women, Child, General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Passavanti
- Department of Women, Child, General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Pace
- Department of Women, Child, General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Arantes ALF, Carvalho MC, Brandão ML, Prado WA, Crippa JADS, Lovick TA, Genaro K. Antinociceptive action of cannabidiol on thermal sensitivity and post-operative pain in male and female rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114793. [PMID: 38048909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the antinociceptive potential of cannabidiol (CBD) in male and female Wistar rats. The assessment and analysis included tail withdrawal to thermal stimulation (tail flick test) and mechanical allodynia induced by plantar incision injury (von Frey test). CBD reduced acute thermal sensitivity in uninjured animals and post-operative mechanical allodynia in males and females. In the tail flick test, CBD 30 mg/kg i.p. was required to induce antinociception in males. During the proestrus phase, females did not show a statistically significant antinociceptive response to CBD treatment despite a noticeable trend. In contrast, in a separate group of rats tested during the late diestrus phase, antinociception varied with CBD dosage and time. In the post-operative pain model, CBD at 3 mg/kg decreased mechanical allodynia in males. Similarly, this dose reduced allodynia in females during proestrus. However, in females during late diestrus, the lower dose of CBD (0.3 mg/kg) reduced mechanical allodynia, although the latency to onset of the effect was slower (90 min). The effectiveness of a 10-fold lower dose of CBD during the late diestrus stage in females suggests that ovarian hormones can influence the action of CBD. While CBD has potential for alleviating pain in humans, personalized dosing regimens may need to be developed to treat pain in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Ferreira Arantes
- Institute of Neurosciences and Behavior and Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology of Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Milene Cristina Carvalho
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP 14040-900, Brazil; Institute of Neurosciences and Behavior and Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology of Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus Lira Brandão
- Institute of Neurosciences and Behavior and Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology of Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Wiliam Alves Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP 14040-900, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre de Souza Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP 14040-900, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, DF 71605-001, Brazil
| | - Thelma Anderson Lovick
- Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Karina Genaro
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
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21
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Anand R, Anand LK, Rashid N, Painuli R, Malik F, Singh PP. Synthesis and Evaluation of Natural and Unnatural Tetrahydrocannabiorcol for Its Potential Use in Neuropathologies. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:167-175. [PMID: 38355400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
(-)-trans-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (trans-(-)-Δ9-THC) has shown neuroprotective potential, but its medicinal benefits are not fully exploited due to the limitations of psychoactive properties. The lower homologues are non-psychoactive in nature but lack comprehensive scientific validation regarding neuroprotective potential. The present study describes the synthesis of non-psychoactive lower homologues of THC-type compounds and their neuroprotective potential. Both natural tetrahydro-cannabiorcol (trans-(-)-Δ9-THCO) and unnatural Δ9-tetrahydrocannabiorcol (trans-(+)-Δ9-THCO) were successfully synthesized starting from R-limonene and S-limonene, respectively, and investigated for neuroprotective potential in cellular models. The structures of both enantiomers were confirmed by NMR, HMBC, HQSC, NOESY, and COSY experiments. Results indicated that both enantiomers were nontoxic to the cells treated up to 50 μM. Neuroprotective properties of the enantiomers showed that treatments could significantly reverse the corticosterone-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and simultaneously cause elevated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It was also observed that unnatural trans-(+)-Δ9-THCO displayed better activity than the natural enantiomer and can be further explored for its potential use in neuropathological ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Anand
- Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Loveleena Kaur Anand
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar-190005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Nadia Rashid
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar-190005, India
| | - Ritu Painuli
- Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar-190005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Parvinder Pal Singh
- Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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22
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Xie N, Ma R, Wang L, Shu Y, He P, Zhou Y, Xiang Y, Wang Y. Cannabidiol regulates the activation of hepatic stellate cells by modulating the NOX4 and NF-κB pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114517. [PMID: 38382869 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is an extract of natural cannabinoids that has therapeutic implications for a variety of ailments, such as neurological diseases, cardiomyopathy, and diabetes, due to its strong anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress properties. Our purpose was to reveal the possible underlying mechanisms and effect of CBD on the glucose oxidase (GO)-induced activation of HSC-T6 and LX-2 cells. The results showed that CBD effectively inhibited the proliferation and activation of HSC-T6 and LX-2 cells, and reduced the production of profibrotic factors to different degrees. CBD disrupted the NOX4 signalling pathway in activated HSC-T6 and LX-2 cells, reduced ROS and MDA levels, and increased SOD and GSH levels, thereby stabilizing the oxidative imbalance. CBD significantly inhibited the phosphorylation and degradation of NF-κB and IκBα, and decreased the release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Moreover, CBD and an NF-κB-specific inhibitor (CAPE) effectively inhibited the expression of α-SMA, COL I, TNF-α and IL-1β to promote collagen metabolism and inhibit the inflammatory response. Overall, CBD inhibited HSCs activation through a and the mechanism involving the inhibition of NOX4 and NF-κB-dependent ROS regulation, thereby reducing inflammation and ameliorating oxidative imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xie
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China; Xindu District People's Hospital, Department of Medical Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Run Ma
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Yuanhui Shu
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China; School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Ping He
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China; School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China; School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Yining Xiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China; School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
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23
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Sun M, Zhang F, Lu F, Yu D, Wang Y, Chen P, Liu S. Integrating fecal metabolomics and intestinal microbiota to study the mechanism of cannabidiol in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1358626. [PMID: 38379898 PMCID: PMC10877013 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1358626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Cannabidiol, a natural component extracted from plant cannabis, has been shown to have therapeutic effects on lung diseases, but its exact mechanism of action is unknown, hindering its therapeutic effectiveness. Methods: To establish a pulmonary fibrosis model, combined with UPLC-Q-TOF/MS metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing, to explore cannabidiol's mechanism in treating pulmonary fibrosis. The rats were randomly divided into the control group, pulmonary fibrosis model group, prednisone treatment group, and cannabidiol low, medium, and high dose groups. The expression levels of HYP, SOD, and MDA in lung tissue and the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum were detected. Intestinal microbiota was detected using UPLC-QTOF/MS analysis of metabolomic properties and 16S rDNA sequencing. Results: Pathological studies and biochemical indexes showed that cannabidiol treatment could significantly alleviate IPF symptoms, significantly reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA, and HYP, and increase the expression level of SOD (p < 0.05). CBD-H can regulate Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Pseudomonas, Clostridia_UCG-014, Collinsella, Prevotella, [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group, Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus, and Streptococcus, it can restore intestinal microbiota function and reverse fecal metabolism trend. It also plays the role of fibrosis through the metabolism of linoleic acid, glycerol, linolenic acid, and sphingolipid. Discussion: Cannabidiol reverses intestinal microbiota imbalance and attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in rats through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic effects. This study lays the foundation for future research on the pathological mechanisms of IPF and the development of new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shumin Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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24
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Yang X, Lee D, Kim HW, Park BH, Lim C, Bae EJ. Cannabidiol Inhibits IgE-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation and Anaphylaxis in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300136. [PMID: 38059783 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Cannabidiol (CBD), the most abundant non-psychoactive constituent of the plant Cannabis sativa, is known to possess immune modulatory properties. This study investigates the effects of CBD on mast cell degranulation in human and mouse primary mast cells and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells and human cord-blood derived mast cells are generated. CBD suppressed antigen-stimulated mast cell degranulation in a concentration-dependent manner. Mechanistically, CBD inhibited both the phosphorylation of FcεRI downstream signaling molecules and calcium mobilization in mast cells, while exerting no effect on FcεRI expression and IgE binding to FcεRI. These suppressive effects are preserved in the mast cells that are depleted of type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) cannabinoid receptors, as well as in the presence of CB1 agonist, CB2 agonist, CB1 inverse agonist, and CB2 inverse agonist. CBD also inhibited the development of mast cells in a long-term culture. The intraperitoneal administration of CBD suppressed passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice as evidenced by a reduction in ear swelling and decrease in the number of degranulated mast cells. CONCLUSION Based on these results, the administration of CBD is a new therapeutic intervention in mast cell-associated anaphylactic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
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25
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Schouten M, Dalle S, Mantini D, Koppo K. Cannabidiol and brain function: current knowledge and future perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1328885. [PMID: 38288087 PMCID: PMC10823027 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1328885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a naturally occurring non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in Cannabis sativa, commonly known as cannabis or hemp. Although currently available CBD products do not meet the safety standards of most food safety authorities to be approved as a dietary supplement or food additive, CBD has been gaining widespread attention in recent years due to its various potential health benefits. While primarily known for its therapeutic effects in managing epileptic seizures, psychosis, anxiety, (neuropathic) pain, and inflammation, CBD's influence on brain function has also piqued the interest of researchers and individuals seeking to enhance cognitive performance. The primary objective of this review is to gather, synthesize, and consolidate scientifically proven evidence on the impact of CBD on brain function and its therapeutic significance in treating neurological and mental disorders. First, basic background information on CBD, including its biomolecular properties and mechanisms of action is presented. Next, evidence for CBD effects in the human brain is provided followed by a discussion on the potential implications of CBD as a neurotherapeutic agent. The potential effectiveness of CBD in reducing chronic pain is considered but also in reducing the symptoms of various brain disorders such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, the implications of using CBD to manage psychiatric conditions such as psychosis, anxiety and fear, depression, and substance use disorders are explored. An overview of the beneficial effects of CBD on aspects of human behavior, such as sleep, motor control, cognition and memory, is then provided. As CBD products remain largely unregulated, it is crucial to address the ethical concerns associated with their use, including product quality, consistency, and safety. Therefore, this review discusses the need for responsible research and regulation of CBD to ensure its safety and efficacy as a therapeutic agent for brain disorders or to stimulate behavioral and cognitive abilities of healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniek Schouten
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Dalle
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dante Mantini
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Lamanna-Rama N, Romero-Miguel D, Casquero-Veiga M, MacDowell KS, Santa-Marta C, Torres-Sánchez S, Berrocoso E, Leza JC, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML. THC improves behavioural schizophrenia-like deficits that CBD fails to overcome: a comprehensive multilevel approach using the Poly I:C maternal immune activation. Psychiatry Res 2024; 331:115643. [PMID: 38064909 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal infections and cannabis use during adolescence are well-recognized risk factors for schizophrenia. As inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) contribute to this disorder, anti-inflammatory drugs have been proposed as potential therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and schizophrenia-like abnormalities in a maternal immune activation (MIA) model. Additionally, we assessed the preventive effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic/anti-inflammatory cannabinoid. THC and/or CBD were administered to Saline- and MIA-offspring during periadolescence. At adulthood, THC-exposed MIA-offspring showed significant improvements in sensorimotor gating deficits. Structural and metabolic brain changes were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, revealing cortical shrinkage in Saline- and enlargement in MIA-offspring after THC-exposure. Additionally, MIA-offspring displayed enlarged ventricles and decreased hippocampus, which were partially reverted by both cannabinoids. CBD prevented THC-induced reduction in the corpus callosum, despite affecting white matter structure. Post-mortem studies revealed detrimental effects of THC, including increased inflammation and oxidative stress. CBD partially reverted these pro-inflammatory alterations and modulated THC's effects on the endocannabinoid system. In conclusion, contrary to expectations, THC exhibited greater behavioural and morphometric benefits, despite promoting a pro-inflammatory state that CBD partially reverted. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in the observed benefits of THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Lamanna-Rama
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.; Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés (Madrid) 28911, Spain
| | | | | | - Karina S MacDowell
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense (UCM), IIS Imas12, IUIN, 28040 - Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Torres-Sánchez
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense (UCM), IIS Imas12, IUIN, 28040 - Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.; Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés (Madrid) 28911, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), URJC, Alcorcón, Spain.
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Chung J, Mahmoud Y, Ramtin S, Uhler G, Ilyas AM, Greis A. Understanding the Orthopedic Conditions for Which Patients Are Seeking Medical Cannabis Certification. Cureus 2024; 16:e52829. [PMID: 38406133 PMCID: PMC10884623 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amid the ongoing national crisis of opioid misuse in the United States, medical cannabis (MC) has emerged as a potential alternative for chronic pain conditions. This study was performed to understand which orthopedic conditions patients are seeking MC certification for. METHODS This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Medical Cannabis, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA. It included consecutive patients with chronic musculoskeletal noncancer pain who were certified for MC, following the Pennsylvania state certification process. Data collected included demographic data, diagnoses, anatomic site of pain, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) global health scale. The outcome measures from the PROMIS global health scale were used to generate Global Physical Health (GPH) quality of life (QoL) T scores and Global Mental Health (GMH) QoL T scores. RESULTS A total of 78 patients were available for analysis following initial MC certification, with 50 (64%) being female and 28 (36%) male. The average age was 63 years with 60% of patients in the 65+ age group. Ethnically, 73 (92%) identified as White, and 70 (90%) were not of Hispanic or Latino origin. The most common reason for seeking MC certification was low back pain (56%), followed by neck pain (21%) and then extremity complaints. The mean GPH QoL T score was 43.71 with a standard deviation of ± 9.86 (p-value = 0.001), while the mean GMH QoL T score was 46.85 with a standard deviation of 8.28 (p-value = 0.0015). CONCLUSION MC cannabis certification was more often sought by women than men and most common for spinal complaints, specifically lower back followed by cervical spine concerns.. This cohort of patients had lower GPH QoL and GMH QoL T scores compared the US general population, representing a significant reduction in the overall physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Chung
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute Foundation for Opioid Research & Education, Rothman Opioid Foundation, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yusuf Mahmoud
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute Foundation for Opioid Research & Education, Rothman Opioid Foundation, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sina Ramtin
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute Foundation for Opioid Research & Education, Rothman Opioid Foundation, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Gianna Uhler
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Asif M Ilyas
- Orthopaedics, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Rothman Opioid Foundation, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ari Greis
- Department of Medical Cannabis, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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de Freitas MET, Fox SH. Advice to People with Parkinson's in My Clinic: Cannabis. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:873-881. [PMID: 38759024 PMCID: PMC11191450 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Cannabis (in all the varied methods of delivery) continues to garner significant attention as a potential therapeutic intervention for neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The recent legalization of personal use of cannabis products in some parts of the world has increased this interest and with it, potential availability to many more people. However, such access has led to more questions than answers for both patients and health care professionals. These include what symptom(s) of PD will cannabis products treat; what dose; what type of cannabis product to use and what are the side effects?
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eliza Thomaz de Freitas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Helen Fox
- Movement Disorders Centre and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Raup-Konsavage WM, Sepulveda DE, Wang J, Dokholyan NV, Vrana KE, Graziane NM. Antinociceptive Effects of Cannabichromene (CBC) in Mice: Insights from von Frey, Tail-Flick, Formalin, and Acetone Tests. Biomedicines 2023; 12:83. [PMID: 38255191 PMCID: PMC10813533 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa contains minor cannabinoids that have potential therapeutic value in pain management. However, detailed experimental evidence for the antinociceptive effects of many of these minor cannabinoids remains lacking. Here, we employed artificial intelligence (AI) to perform compound-protein interaction estimates with cannabichromene (CBC) and receptors involved in nociceptive signaling. Based on our findings, we investigated the antinociceptive properties of CBC in naïve or neuropathic C57BL/6 male and female mice using von Frey (mechanical allodynia), tail-flick (noxious radiant heat), formalin (acute and persistent inflammatory pain), and acetone (cold thermal) tests. For von Frey assessments, CBC dose (0-20 mg/kg, i.p.) and time (0-6 h) responses were measured in male and female neuropathic mice. For tail-flick, formalin, and acetone assays, CBC (20 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to naïve male and female mice 1 h prior to testing. The results show that CBC (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced mechanical allodynia in neuropathic male and female mice 1-2 h after treatment. Additionally, CBC treatment caused significant reductions in nociceptive behaviors in the tail-flick assay and in both phase 1 and phase 2 of the formalin test. Finally, we found a significant interaction in neuropathic male mice in the acetone test. In conclusion, our results suggest that CBC targets receptors involved in nociceptive signaling and imparts antinociceptive properties that may benefit males and females afflicted with diverse forms of acute or chronic/persistent pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana E. Sepulveda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kent E. Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Graziane
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Le K, Au J, Hua J, Le KDR. The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol in Revolutionising Opioid Use Disorder Management. Cureus 2023; 15:e50634. [PMID: 38226097 PMCID: PMC10789504 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is linked to a complex interplay of biopsychosocial factors as well as the increasing overprescription and availability of opioid medications. Current OUD management relies on the controlled provision of opioid medications, such as methadone or buprenorphine, known as opioid replacement therapy. There is variable evidence regarding the long-term efficacy of these medications in improving the management of OUD, thereby necessitating an exploration into innovative approaches to complement, or even take the place of, existing treatment paradigms. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound derived from the cannabis plant, has garnered attention for its diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anxiolytic effects. Preliminary studies suggest that CBD may target opioid withdrawal pathways that make CBD a potential therapeutic option for OUD. This narrative review synthesises current literature surrounding OUD and offers a nuanced review of the current and future role of CBD in managing this condition. In doing so, we highlight the potential avenues to explore with respect to CBD research for the guidance and development of further research opportunities, framework and policy development, and clinical considerations before medicinal CBD can be integrated into evidence-based clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Le
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, AUS
| | - Joanne Au
- Department of Anaesthesia & Pain Management, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, AUS
| | - Jean Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, AUS
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, AUS
| | - Khang Duy Ricky Le
- Geelong Clinical School, Deakin University, Geelong, AUS
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, AUS
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, AUS
- Department of Medical Education, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, AUS
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Wilson G, Yang L, Su X, Ding S, Li L, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang W, Sa Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Ma X. Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds modulating the endocannabinoid system in various diseases and disorders: review. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1410-1444. [PMID: 37906390 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors, endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of the endocannabinoids make up the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The components of the ECS are proven to modulate a vast bulk of various physiological and pathological processes due to their abundance throughout the human body. Such discoveries have attracted the researchers' attention and emerged as a potential therapeutical target for the treatment of various diseases. In the present article, we reviewed the discoveries of natural compounds, herbs, herbs formula, and their therapeutic properties in various diseases and disorders by modulating the ECS. We also summarize the molecular mechanisms through which these compounds elicit their properties by interacting with the ECS based on the existing findings. Our study provides the insight into the use of natural compounds that modulate ECS in various diseases and disorders, which in turn may facilitate future studies exploiting natural lead compounds as novel frameworks for designing more effective and safer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gidion Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Shuqin Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Liuyan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Youyue Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Weibiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yuping Sa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Huatuo Road, Minhoushangjie, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Xueqin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Hwang YN, Kwon IS, Park JH, Na HH, Kwon TH, Park JS, Kim KC. Cell death induction and intracellular vesicle formation in human colorectal cancer cells treated with Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:1463-1474. [PMID: 37837516 PMCID: PMC10682224 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is a principal psychoactive extract of Cannabis sativa and has been traditionally used as palliative medicine for neuropathic pain. Cannabidiol (CBD), an extract of hemp species, has recently attracted increased attention as a cancer treatment, but Δ9-THC is also requiring explored pharmacological application. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the pharmacological effects of Δ9-THC in two human colorectal cancer cell lines. We investigated whether Δ9-THC treatment induces cell death in human colorectal cancer cells. METHODS We performed an MTT assay to determine the pharmacological concentration of Δ9-THC. Annxein V and Western blot analysis confirmed that Δ9-THC induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Metabolic activity was evaluated using MitoTracker staining and ATP determination. We investigated vesicle formation by Δ9-THC treatment using GW9662, known as a PPARγ inhibitor. RESULTS The MTT assay showed that treatment with 40 μM Δ9-THC and above inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Multiple intracytoplasmic vesicles were detected upon microscopic observation, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed cell death via G1 arrest. Δ9-THC treatment increased the expression of cell death marker proteins, including p53, cleaved PARP-1, RIP1, and RIP3, suggesting that Δ9-THC induced the death of colorectal cancer cells. Δ9-THC treatment also reduced ATP production via changes in Bax and Bcl-2. Δ9-THC regulated intracytoplasmic vesicle formation by modulating the expression of PPARγ and clathrin, adding that antiproliferative activity of Δ9-THC was also affected. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Δ9-THC regulated two functional mechanisms, intracellular vesicle formation and cell death. These findings can help to determine how cannabinoids can be used most effectively to improve the efficacy of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seo Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Heom Na
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Kangwon Center for System Imaging, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kwon
- Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute, Seoul, 07525, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
- Kangwon Center for System Imaging, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Majumdar CG, ElSohly MA, Ibrahim EA, Elhendawy MA, Stanford D, Chandra S, Wanas AS, Radwan MM. Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Moisture Content of Cannabis Biomass. Molecules 2023; 28:7710. [PMID: 38067441 PMCID: PMC10707833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cannabis has been proposed and promoted not only as a medicine for the treatment of a variety of illnesses, but also as an industrial crop for different purposes. Being an agricultural product, cannabis inflorescences may be contaminated by environmental pathogens at high concentrations, which might cause health problems if not controlled. Therefore, limits have to be placed on the levels of aerobic bacteria as well as yeast and mold. To ensure the safety of cannabis plant material and related products, a remediation process has to be put in place. Gamma irradiation is a sterilization process mainly used for pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, agricultural, and herbal products including cannabis plant material. This study was designed to determine the effect of irradiation on the microbial count as well as on the chemical and physical profiles of the cannabis biomass, particularly cannabinoids, terpenes, and moisture content. The full cannabinoid profile was measured by GC/FID and HPLC analysis, while terpene profile and moisture content were determined using GC/MS and Loss on Drying (LoD) methods, respectively. Analyses were conducted on the samples before and after gamma irradiation. The results showed that the minimum and maximum doses were 15 and 20.8 KiloGray (KGY), respectively. Total Aerobic Microbial Count (TAMC) and Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC) were determined. The study showed that irradiation has no effect on the cannabinoids and little effect on terpenes and moisture content, but it did result in the virtual sterilization of the plant material, as evidenced by the low levels of bacterial and fungal colony-forming units (CFUs) < 10 after gamma irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrani G. Majumdar
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (C.G.M.); (M.A.E.); (E.A.I.); (S.C.); (A.S.W.)
| | - Mahmoud A. ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (C.G.M.); (M.A.E.); (E.A.I.); (S.C.); (A.S.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Elsayed A. Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (C.G.M.); (M.A.E.); (E.A.I.); (S.C.); (A.S.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A. Elhendawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt
| | - Donald Stanford
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (C.G.M.); (M.A.E.); (E.A.I.); (S.C.); (A.S.W.)
| | - Suman Chandra
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (C.G.M.); (M.A.E.); (E.A.I.); (S.C.); (A.S.W.)
| | - Amira S. Wanas
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (C.G.M.); (M.A.E.); (E.A.I.); (S.C.); (A.S.W.)
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (C.G.M.); (M.A.E.); (E.A.I.); (S.C.); (A.S.W.)
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Zhao C, Rollo B, Shahid Javaid M, Huang Z, He W, Xu H, Kwan P, Zhang C. An integrated in vitro human iPSCs-derived neuron and in vivo animal approach for preclinical screening of anti-seizure compounds. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00361-2. [PMID: 37995945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One-third of people with epilepsy continue to experience seizures despite treatment with existing anti-seizure medications (ASMs). The failure of modern ASMs to substantially improve epilepsy prognosis has been partly attributed to overreliance on acute rodent models in preclinical drug development as they do not adequately recapitulate the mechanisms of human epilepsy, are labor-intensive and unsuitable for high-throughput screening (HTS). There is an urgent need to find human-relevant HTS models in preclinical drug development to identify novel anti-seizure compounds. OBJECTIVES This paper developed high-throughput preclinical screening models to identify new ASMs. METHODS 14 natural compounds (α-asarone, curcumin, vinpocetine, magnolol, ligustrazine, osthole, tanshinone IIA, piperine, gastrodin, quercetin, berberine, chrysin, schizandrin A and resveratrol) were assessed for their ability to suppress epileptiform activity as measured by multi-electrode arrays (MEA) in neural cultures derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In parallel, they were tested for anti-seizure effects in zebrafish and mouse models, which have been widely used in development of modern ASMs. The effects of the compounds in these models were compared. Two approved ASMs were used as positive controls. RESULTS Epileptiform activity could be induced in iPSCs-derived neurons following treatment with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and inhibited by standard ASMs, carbamazepine, and phenytoin. Eight of the 14 natural compounds significantly inhibited the epileptiform activity in iPSCs-derived neurons. Among them, piperine, magnolol, α-asarone, and osthole showed significant anti-seizure effects both in zebrafish and mice. Comparative analysis showed that compounds ineffective in the iPSCs-derived neural model also showed no anti-seizure effects in the zebrafish or mouse models. CONCLUSION Our findings support the use of iPSCs-derived human neurons for first-line high-throughput screening to identify compounds with anti-seizure properties and exclude ineffective compounds. Effective compounds may then be selected for animal evaluation before clinical testing. This integrated approach may improve the efficiency of developing novel ASMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Molecular Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Ben Rollo
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Javaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Molecular Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Molecular Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China; Departments of Neurology and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Molecular Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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Gabarin A, Yarmolinsky L, Budovsky A, Khalfin B, Ben-Shabat S. Cannabis as a Source of Approved Drugs: A New Look at an Old Problem. Molecules 2023; 28:7686. [PMID: 38067416 PMCID: PMC10707504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis plants have been used in medicine since ancient times. They are well known for their anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, anti-microbial, anti-viral, and anti-fungal activities. A growing body of evidence indicates that targeting the endocannabinoid system and various other receptors with cannabinoid compounds holds great promise for addressing multiple medical conditions. There are two distinct avenues in the development of cannabinoid-based drugs. The first involves creating treatments directly based on the components of the cannabis plant. The second involves a singular molecule strategy, in which specific phytocannabinoids or newly discovered cannabinoids with therapeutic promise are pinpointed and synthesized for future pharmaceutical development and validation. Although the therapeutic potential of cannabis is enormous, few cannabis-related approved drugs exist, and this avenue warrants further investigation. With this in mind, we review here the medicinal properties of cannabis, its phytochemicals, approved drugs of natural and synthetic origin, pitfalls on the way to the widespread clinical use of cannabis, and additional applications of cannabis-related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Gabarin
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.G.); (L.Y.); (B.K.)
| | - Ludmila Yarmolinsky
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.G.); (L.Y.); (B.K.)
| | - Arie Budovsky
- Research and Development Authority, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel;
| | - Boris Khalfin
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.G.); (L.Y.); (B.K.)
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.G.); (L.Y.); (B.K.)
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Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Liu X, Rossio V, Mirzaei M, Cornish J, Paulo JA, Haynes PA. Proteome-Wide Profiling Using Sample Multiplexing of a Human Cell Line Treated with Cannabidiol (CBD) and Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Proteomes 2023; 11:36. [PMID: 37987316 PMCID: PMC10661330 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis has been used historically for both medicinal and recreational purposes, with the most notable cannabinoids being cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Although their therapeutic effects have been well studied and their recreational use is highly debated, the underlying mechanisms of their biological effects remain poorly defined. In this study, we use isobaric tag-based sample multiplexed proteome profiling to investigate protein abundance differences in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line treated with CBD and THC. We identified significantly regulated proteins by each treatment and performed a pathway classification and associated protein-protein interaction analysis. Our findings suggest that these treatments may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and induce endoplasmic reticulum stress. These data can potentially be interrogated further to investigate the potential role of CBD and THC in various biological and disease contexts, providing a foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- ProGene Technologies Pty Ltd., Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia;
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (V.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.L.); (V.R.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Valentina Rossio
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.L.); (V.R.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (V.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Jennifer Cornish
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.L.); (V.R.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Paul A. Haynes
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
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Puopolo T, Cai A, Liu C, Ma H, Seeram NP. Investigating cannabinoids as P2X purinoreceptor 4 ligands by using surface plasmon resonance and computational docking. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21265. [PMID: 37920520 PMCID: PMC10618793 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X purinoceptor 4 (P2X4) is an ATP-gated ion channel receptor with diverse neurophysiological functions, and P2X4 modulators hold promise as potential therapeutics for neuropathic pain, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. While several cannabinoids have been reported as modulators of purinoreceptors, their specific purinoreceptor-binding characteristics remain elusive. In this study, we established a comprehensive workflow that included a binding screening platform and a novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) competitive assay, complemented by computational docking, to identify potential P2X4 binders among a panel of twenty-eight cannabinoids. Through SPR, we determined the binding affinities of cannabinoids (KD values ranging from 3.4 × 10-4 M to 1 × 10-6 M), along with two known P2X4 antagonists, BX430 (KD = 4.5 × 10-6 M) and 5-BDBD (KD = 7.8 × 10-6 M). The competitive SPR assay validated that BX430 and 5-BDBD acted as non-competitive binders with P2X4. In the following competitive assays, two cannabinoids including cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabivarin (CBV) were identified as competitive P2X4-binders with 5-BDBD, while the remaining cannabinoids exhibited non-competitive binding with either BX430 or 5-BDBD. Our molecular docking experiments further supported these findings, demonstrating that both CBD and CBV shared identical binding sites with residues in the 5-BDBD binding pocket on P2X4. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the P2X4-binding affinity of cannabinoids through SPR and sheds light on the interactions between cannabinoids (CBD and CBV) and P2X4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Puopolo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Ang Cai
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Khajuria DK, Karuppagounder V, Nowak I, Sepulveda DE, Lewis GS, Norbury CC, Raup-Konsavage WM, Vrana KE, Kamal F, Elbarbary RA. Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol, Nonpsychotropic Cannabinoids, as Analgesics that Effectively Manage Bone Fracture Pain and Promote Healing in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1560-1576. [PMID: 37597163 PMCID: PMC10864058 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Bone fractures are among the most prevalent musculoskeletal injuries, and pain management is an essential part of fracture treatment. Fractures heal through an early inflammatory phase, followed by repair and remodeling. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are not recommended for fracture pain control as they potently inhibit the inflammatory phase and, thus, impair the healing. Opioids do not provide a better alternative for several reasons, including abuse potential. Accordingly, there is an unmet clinical need for analgesics that effectively ameliorate postfracture pain without impeding the healing. Here, we investigated the analgesic efficacy of two nonpsychotropic cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG), in a mouse model for tibial fracture. Mice with fractured tibiae exhibited increased sensitivity to mechanical, cold, and hot stimuli. Both CBD and CBG normalized pain sensitivity to all tested stimuli, and their analgesic effects were comparable to those of the NSAIDs. Interestingly, CBD and CBG promoted bone healing via multiple mechanisms during the early and late phases. During the early inflammatory phase, both cannabinoids increased the abundance of periosteal bone progenitors in the healing hematoma and promoted the osteogenic commitment of these progenitors. During the later phases of healing, CBD and CBG accelerated the fibrocartilaginous callus mineralization and enhanced the viability and proliferation of bone and bone-marrow cells. These effects culminated in higher bone volume fraction, higher bone mineral density, and improved mechanical quality of the newly formed bone. Together, our data suggest CBD and CBG as therapeutic agents that can replace NSAIDs in managing postfracture pain as both cannabinoids exert potent analgesic effects and, at the same time, promote bone healing. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Khajuria
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Irena Nowak
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Diana E. Sepulveda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Gregory S. Lewis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Christopher C Norbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Wesley M. Raup-Konsavage
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Kent E. Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Fadia Kamal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Reyad A. Elbarbary
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
- Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Zhang Y, Guo J, Gao P, Yan W, Shen J, Luo X, Keasling JD. Development of an efficient yeast platform for cannabigerolic acid biosynthesis. Metab Eng 2023; 80:232-240. [PMID: 37890610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids are important therapeutical molecules for human ailments, cancer treatment, and SARS-CoV-2. The central cannabinoid, cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), is generated from geranyl pyrophosphate and olivetolic acid by Cannabis sativa prenyltransferase (CsPT4). Despite efforts to engineer microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) for CBGA production, their titers remain suboptimal because of the low conversion of hexanoate into olivetolic acid and the limited activity and stability of the CsPT4. To address the low hexanoate conversion, we eliminated hexanoate consumption by the beta-oxidation pathway and reduced its incorporation into fatty acids. To address CsPT4 limitations, we expanded the endoplasmic reticulum and fused an auxiliary protein to CsPT4. Consequently, the engineered S. cerevisiae chassis showed a marked improvement of 78.64-fold in CBGA production, reaching a titer of 510.32 ± 10.70 mg l-1 from glucose and hexanoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicines, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiulong Guo
- Synceres Biosciences (Shenzhen) CO., LTD, China
| | - PeiZhen Gao
- Synceres Biosciences (Shenzhen) CO., LTD, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Synceres Biosciences (Shenzhen) CO., LTD, China
| | - Junfeng Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicines, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicines, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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40
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Tanco K, Olson A, Fellman B, Jankowski M, Lai SY, Shete S, Harbison K, Scheid J, Bruera E. Analysis of Dispensing and Utilization Patterns of Medical Cannabis Products in State Licensed Cannabis Dispensaries. J Palliat Med 2023; 26:1482-1487. [PMID: 37285183 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2023.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To understand real-world dispensing and utilization patterns of medical cannabis (MC) and its financial impact on patients, we analyzed the database of a cannabis company licensed in New York state. Objectives: To evaluate the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)/cannabidiol (CBD) dose ratios, association of various medical conditions to THC/CBD dose, and the cost of products in registered patients receiving MC from four licensed state dispensaries. Design: Retrospective analysis conducted on anonymized data between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2020 listing 422,201 dispensed products from 32,845 individuals aged 18 years and older. Setting/Subjects: Adult patients with medical certification for cannabis use in New York, USA. Measurements: The database included patient's age, gender, qualifying medical condition, type and dose of product, medication directions, and amount of product dispensed. Results: Findings showed a median age of 53 years with 52% of patients female. Males were found to use more products than females (1.06:1). Pain (85%) was the most common medical condition and inhalation (57%) the most common route except when used for cancer-directed treatment and neurological conditions. Individuals received a median of six prescriptions costing a median of $50/product. Average THC:CBD ratios were 28:0.5 mg/day and 12:0.25 mg/dose. Neurological conditions demonstrated the highest average cost [mean (95% confidence interval {CI}): $73 ($71-$75)] and average CBD/dose per product [mean (95% CI): 5.89 (5.38-6.40)]. Individuals with a history of substance use disorder utilizing MC as an alternative substance displayed the highest average THC/dose [mean (95% CI): 14.25 (13.36-15.14)]. Conclusion: MC was utilized for various medical conditions with variability in THC:CBD ratio seen depending on the condition. Cost variation was also observed based on the individual's medical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberson Tanco
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda Olson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan Fellman
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mika Jankowski
- Hematology Affairs Department, Lilly LLC, Hematology Medical Science Liaison, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Stephen Y Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin Harbison
- Training and Development Department, PharmaCann, Lead Retail Pharmacist, Amherst, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Scheid
- Department of Physical Therapy, Daemen University, Amherst, New York, USA
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Havlasek J, Vrba J, Zatloukalova M, Papouskova B, Modriansky M, Storch J, Vacek J. Hepatic biotransformation of non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids and activity screening on cytochromes P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 476:116654. [PMID: 37574147 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the biotransformation of phytocannabinoids in human hepatocytes. The susceptibility of the tested compounds to transformations in hepatocytes exhibited the following hierarchy: cannabinol (CBN) > cannabigerol (CBG) > cannabichromene (CBC) > cannabidiol (CBD). Biotransformation included hydroxylation, oxidation to a carboxylic acid, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, dehydration, loss/shortening of alkyl, glucuronidation and sulfation. CBN was primarily metabolized by oxidation of a methyl to a carboxylic acid group, while CBD, CBG and CBC were preferentially metabolized by direct glucuronidation. The study also screened for the activity of recombinant human cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), which could catalyze the hydroxylation and glucuronidation of the tested compounds, respectively. We found that CBD was hydroxylated mainly by CYPs 2C8, 2C19, 2D6; CBN by 1A2, 2C9, 2C19 and 2D6; and CBG by 2B6, 2C9, 2C19 and 2D6. CBC exhibited higher susceptibility to CYP-mediated transformation than the other tested compounds, mainly with CYPs 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 being involved. Further, CBD was primarily glucuronidated by UGTs 1A3, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9 and 2B7; CBN by 1A7, 1A8, 1A9 and 2B7; CBG by 1A3, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 2B4, 2B7 and 2B17; and the glucuronidation of CBC was catalyzed by UGTs 1A1, 1A8, 1A9 and 2B7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Havlasek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vrba
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Zatloukalova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Papouskova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. Listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Modriansky
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Storch
- Department of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojova 135, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Coelho MP, Duarte P, Calado M, Almeida AJ, Reis CP, Gaspar MM. The current role of cannabis and cannabinoids in health: A comprehensive review of their therapeutic potential. Life Sci 2023; 329:121838. [PMID: 37290668 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increased interest of the scientific community in cannabis and its constituents for therapeutic purposes. Although it is believed that cannabinoids can be effective for a few different conditions and syndromes, there are little objective data that clearly support the use of cannabis, cannabis extracts or even cannabidiol (CBD) oil. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids for the treatment of several diseases. A broad search covering the past five years, was performed in PubMed and ClinicalTrial.gov databases, to identify papers focusing on the use of medical phytocannabinoids in terms of tolerability, efficacy and safety. Accordingly, there are preclinical data supporting the use of phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids for the management of neurological pathologies, acute and chronical pain, cancer, psychiatric disorders and chemotherapy-induced emetic symptoms. However, regarding the clinical trials, most of the collected data do not fully support the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of such conditions. Consequently, more studies are still needed to clarify ascertain if the use of these compounds is useful in the management of different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pinto Coelho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Duarte
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Calado
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António J Almeida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; IBEB, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - M Manuela Gaspar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Shilo-Benjamini Y, Lavy E, Yair N, Milgram J, Zilbersheid D, Hod A, Barasch D, Abu Ahmad W, Cern A, Barenholz Y. Therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetics of liposomal-cannabidiol injection: a pilot clinical study in dogs with naturally-occurring osteoarthritis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1224452. [PMID: 37680386 PMCID: PMC10481162 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1224452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis is a common disease in dogs resulting in chronic pain and decreased wellbeing. Common analgesics such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatories may fail to control pain and can produce major adverse effects. Study objectives were to evaluate pharmacokinetics, therapeutic efficacy, and safety of subcutaneous liposomal-cannabidiol (CBD) as an additional analgesic therapy in dogs suffering from naturally-occurring osteoarthritis. Methods Six such dogs were recruited following ethics approval and owner consent. Dogs were administered a single subcutaneous injection of 5 mg/kg liposomal-CBD. Plasma concentrations of CBD, blood work, activity monitoring collar data, wellbeing questionnaire (owners) and pain scoring (veterinarian) were performed at baseline and monitored up to six weeks following intervention. Data overtime were compared with baseline using linear-regression mixed-effects. P-value was set at 0.05. Results CBD plasma concentrations were observed for 6 weeks; median (range) peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 45.2 (17.8-72.5) ng/mL, time to Cmax was 4 (2-14) days and half-life was 12.4 (7.7-42.6) days. Median (range) collar activity score was significantly increased on weeks 5-6; from 29 (17-34) to 34 (21-38). Scores of wellbeing and pain evaluations were significantly improved at 2-3 weeks; from 69 (52-78) to 53.5 (41-68), and from 7.5 (6-8) to 5.5 (5-7), respectively. The main adverse effect was minor local swelling for several days in 5/6 dogs. Conclusion Liposomal-CBD administered subcutaneously produced detectable CBD plasma concentrations for 6 weeks with minimal side effects and demonstrated reduced pain and increased wellbeing as part of multimodal pain management in dogs suffering from osteoarthritis. Further placebo-controlled studies are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Shilo-Benjamini
- Department of Biochemistry, Hadassah Medical School, Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Lavy
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nadav Yair
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joshua Milgram
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Zilbersheid
- Department of Biochemistry, Hadassah Medical School, Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Atara Hod
- Department of Biochemistry, Hadassah Medical School, Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dinorah Barasch
- The Mass Spectrometry Unit, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wiessam Abu Ahmad
- Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ahuva Cern
- Department of Biochemistry, Hadassah Medical School, Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Department of Biochemistry, Hadassah Medical School, Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Lo LA, MacCallum CA, Nanson K, Koehn M, Mitchell I, Milloy MJ, Walsh Z, Fehr F. Cannabidiol as a Harm Reduction Strategy for People Who Use Drugs: A Rapid Review. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2023; 68:557-571. [PMID: 37376827 PMCID: PMC10411365 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231183525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The drug poisoning crisis throughout North America necessitates novel harm reduction approaches. Emerging evidence suggests that cannabidiol (CBD) may have some utility as a harm reduction modality for those with problematic substance use. This rapid review aimed to synthesize available evidence on CBD as a potential harm reduction tool for people who use drugs while providing clinical and research insights. METHOD A systematic search in EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL was completed in July 2022. For inclusion, studies had to meet the following criteria: (1) drawn from an adult population of people who use drugs; (2) investigates CBD as an intervention for problematic substance use or harm reduction-related outcomes; (3) be published after the year 2000 and in English; and (4) be primary research or a review article. A narrative synthesis was used to group outcomes relevant to harm reduction and provide clinical and research insights. RESULTS We screened 3,134 records, of which 27 studies (5 randomized trials) were included. The evidence remains limited, but available studies support the potential utility of CBD to reduce drug-induced craving and anxiety in opioid use disorder. There were low-quality studies suggesting that CBD may improve mood and general well-being of people who use drugs. Evidence suggests that CBD monotherapy may not be an adequate harm reduction strategy for problematic substance use but rather an adjunct to the standard of care. CONCLUSION Low-quality evidence suggests that CBD may reduce drug cravings and other addiction-related symptoms and that CBD may have utility as an adjunct harm reduction strategy for people who use drugs. However, there is a significant need for more research that accurately reflects CBD dosing and administration regimens used in a real-world context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A. Lo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline A. MacCallum
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate Nanson
- School of Nursing, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, Canada
| | | | - Ian Mitchell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael-John Milloy
- BC Centre on Substance Use and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zach Walsh
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Florriann Fehr
- School of Nursing, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, Canada
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Wang X, Lin C, Jin S, Wang Y, Peng Y, Wang X. Cannabidiol alleviates neuroinflammation and attenuates neuropathic pain via targeting FKBP5. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:365-375. [PMID: 37196785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia is a heterogeneous population that mediates neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) and plays a crucial role in developing neuropathic pain. FKBP5 facilitates the assembly of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex for the activation of NF-κB, which arises as a novel target for treating neuropathic pain. In this study, cannabidiol (CBD), a main active component of Cannabis, was identified as an antagonist of FKBP5. In vitro protein intrinsic fluorescence titration showed that CBD directly bound to FKBP5. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) indicated that CBD binding increased the FKBP5 stability, which implies that FKBP5 is the endogenous target of CBD. CBD was found to inhibit the assembly of the IKK complex and the activation of NF-κB, therefore blocking LPS-induced NF-κB downstream pro-inflammatory factors NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Stern-Volmer analysis and protein thermal shift assay revealed that tyrosine 113 (Y113) of FKBP5 was critical for FKBP5 interacting with CBD, which is consistent with in silico molecular docking simulation. FKBP5 Y113 mutation (Y113A) alleviated the effect of CBD inhibiting LPS-induced pro-inflammatory factors overproduction. Furthermore, systemic administration of CBD inhibited chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced microglia activation and FKBP5 overexpression in lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn. These data imply that FKBP5 is an endogenous target of CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lequn Branch, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Lin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Sha Jin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yinghua Peng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Lachowicz J, Szopa A, Ignatiuk K, Świąder K, Serefko A. Zebrafish as an Animal Model in Cannabinoid Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10455. [PMID: 37445631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are active substances present in plants of the Cannabis genus. Both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have approved several medicinal products containing natural cannabinoids or their synthetic derivatives for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy, nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, anorexia in AIDS patients, and the alleviation of symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis. In fact, cannabinoids constitute a broad group of molecules with a possible therapeutic potential that could be used in the management of much more diseases than mentioned above; therefore, multiple preclinical and clinical studies on cannabinoids have been carried out in recent years. Danio rerio (zebrafish) is an animal model that has gained more attention lately due to its numerous advantages, including easy and fast reproduction, the significant similarity of the zebrafish genome to the human one, simplicity of genetic modifications, and body transparency during the early stages of development. A number of studies have confirmed the usefulness of this model in toxicological research, experiments related to the impact of early life exposure to xenobiotics, modeling various diseases, and screening tests to detect active substances with promising biological activity. The present paper focuses on the current knowledge of the endocannabinoid system in the zebrafish model, and it summarizes the results and observations from studies investigating the pharmacological effects of natural and synthetic cannabinoids that were carried out in Danio rerio. The presented data support the notion that the zebrafish model is a suitable animal model for use in cannabinoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lachowicz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ignatiuk
- Scientific Circle, Department of Clincal Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Świąder
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Brewer J, Kimber A. Cannabidiol (CBD) for the treatment of subcutaneous treprostinil (Remodulin ®) site pain: a case report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1188083. [PMID: 37384049 PMCID: PMC10293745 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1188083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension occurs as a result of vascular remodeling and dysregulation of endothelial cells that narrows small pulmonary arteries and raises precapillary pressures. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare and progressive disease characterized by dyspnea, chest pain, and syncope. Parenteral treprostinil is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension to diminish symptoms associated with exercise. Up to 92% of patients treated with treprostinil via subcutaneous delivery experienced infusion site pain and approximately 23% discontinued treatment due to site pain. Cannabidiol salve may have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and could be an additional option for patients with infusion site pain. Case report Two patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension were treated with cannabidiol salve. Both patients reported a reduction in infusion site pain without the need for narcotics. Conclusion These two cases suggest that cannabidiol salve may help to minimize redness and alleviate pain at the infusion site. Additional studies are required to test the effectiveness of cannabidiol in a larger group of patients with infusion site pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Kimber
- United Therapeutics Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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48
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Persia D, Mangiavacchi F, Marcotullio MC, Rosati O. Cannabinoids as multifaceted compounds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 212:113718. [PMID: 37196772 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, Cannabis and its preparations have found various applications such as for medical, recreational and industrial purposes. Subsequently the 1930s, legislation in many countries has restricted its use due to its psychotropic properties. More recently, the discovery of endocannabinoid system, including new receptors, ligands, and mediators, its role in maintaining the homeostasis of the human body and the possible implication in various physiological and pathophysiological processes has also been understood. Based on this evidence, researchers were able to develop new therapeutic targets for the treatment of various pathological disorders. For this purpose, Cannabis and cannabinoids were subjected for the evaluation of their pharmacological activities. The renewed interest in the medical use of cannabis for its potential therapeutic application has prompted legislators to take action to regulate the safe use of cannabis and products containing cannabinoids. However, each country has an enormous heterogeneity in the regulation of laws. Here, we are pleased to show a general and prevailing overview of the findings regarding cannabinoids and the multiple research fields such as chemistry, phytochemistry, pharmacology and analytics in which they are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Persia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo, 1 - Università Degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Mangiavacchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo, 1 - Università Degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy; Current Address: Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', Via Della Lastruccia, 16 - Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Marcotullio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo, 1 - Università Degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ornelio Rosati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo, 1 - Università Degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
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Greco R, Francavilla M, Demartini C, Zanaboni AM, Sodergren MH, Facchetti S, Pacchetti B, Palmisan M, Franco V, Tassorelli C. Characterization of the biochemical and behavioral effects of cannabidiol: implications for migraine. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:48. [PMID: 37138206 PMCID: PMC10155373 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is the main pharmacologically active phytocannabinoid. CBD exerts an analgesic effect in several pain models, does not have side effects and has low toxicity. The data about CBD mechanisms of action in pain and its therapeutic potential in this area are limited. Here, we tested CBD effects in animal models specific for migraine. We assayed CBD distribution in plasma and in cranial areas related to migraine pain in male Sprague Dawley rats treated chronically (5 days). Successively, we tested CBD activity on the behavioral and biochemical effects induced in the acute and the chronic migraine animal models by nitroglycerin (NTG) administration. In the acute migraine model, rats received CBD (15 mg or 30 mg/kg, i.p) 3 h after NTG (10 mg/kg i.p.) or vehicle injection. In the chronic migraine model, rats were treated with CBD and NTG every other day over nine days with the following doses: CBD 30 mg/kg i.p., NTG 10 mg/kg i.p. We evaluated behavioral parameters with the open field and the orofacial formalin tests. We explored the fatty acid amide hydrolase gene expression, cytokines mRNA and protein levels in selected brain areas and CGRP serum level. CBD levels in the meninges, trigeminal ganglia, cervical spinal cord, medulla pons, and plasma were higher 1 h after the last treatment than after 24 h, suggesting that CBD penetrates but does not accumulate in these tissues. In the acute model, CBD significantly reduced NTG-induced trigeminal hyperalgesia and CGRP and cytokine mRNA levels in peripheral and central sites. In the chronic model, CBD caused a significant decrease in NTG-induced IL-6 protein levels in the medulla-pons, and trigeminal ganglion. It also reduced CGRP serum levels. By contrast, CBD did not modulate TNF-alpha protein levels and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) gene expression in any of investigated areas. In both experimental conditions, there was no modulation of anxiety, motor/exploratory behavior, or grooming. These findings show that CBD reaches brain areas involved in migraine pain after systemic administration. They also show for the first time that CBD modulates migraine-related nociceptive transmission, likely via a complex signaling mechanism involving different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Greco
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Miriam Francavilla
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Demartini
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zanaboni
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mikael H Sodergren
- Curaleaf International, Guernsey, UK
- Medical Cannabis Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Facchetti
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Michela Palmisan
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Franco
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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50
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Haycraft AL. Cannabis update: Anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2023; 35:276-280. [PMID: 37000126 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The development of anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is complex. Both delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are of potential therapeutic use. Evidence suggests that cannabis has a beneficial effect on neural circuitry involved in fear regulation. In the United States, cannabis is considered either medical or recreational and can contain pure THC or CBD or any combination thereof. The numerous cannabis compounds of various administration routes, with variable pharmacokinetics, further affect the cannabis conundrum. Despite being federally unregulated, medical cannabis has received increased attention socially, and at present, 37 states, four territories, and the District of Columbia have legalized medical cannabis for use in specific health conditions. Patients are increasingly inquiring about cannabis, and clinicians must educate themselves with reliable cannabinoid information for patient education. In adults with anxiety disorders and PTSD, evidence supports a relatively safe profile for medical cannabis; however, conclusive scientific evidential support of its therapeutic properties is limited, resulting in a lack of standardization and Food and Drug Administration approval.
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