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Patterson MT, Xu Y, Hillman H, Osinski V, Schrank PR, Kennedy AE, Barrow F, Zhu A, Tollison S, Shekhar S, Stromnes IM, Tassi I, Wu D, Revelo XS, Binstadt BA, Williams JW. Trem2 Agonist Reprograms Foamy Macrophages to Promote Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1646-1657. [PMID: 38695172 PMCID: PMC11208052 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trem2 (triggering receptor on myeloid cells 2), a surface lipid receptor, is expressed on foamy macrophages within atherosclerotic lesions and regulates cell survival, proliferation, and anti-inflammatory responses. Studies examining the role of Trem2 in atherosclerosis have shown that deletion of Trem2 leads to impaired foamy macrophage lipid uptake, proliferation, survival, and cholesterol efflux. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that administration of a Trem2 agonist antibody (AL002a) to atherogenic mice would enhance macrophage survival and decrease necrotic core formation to improve plaque stability. METHODS To model a therapeutic intervention approach, atherosclerosis-prone mice (Ldlr [low-density lipoprotein receptor]-/-) were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, then transitioned to treatment with AL002a or isotype control for an additional 8 weeks while continuing on a high-fat diet. RESULTS AL002a-treated mice had increased lesion size in both the aortic root and whole mount aorta, which correlated with an expansion of plaque macrophage area. This expansion was due to increased macrophage survival and proliferation in plaques. Importantly, plaques from AL002a-treated mice showed improved features of plaque stability, including smaller necrotic cores, increased fibrous caps, and greater collagen deposition. Single-cell RNA sequencing of whole aorta suspensions from isotype- and AL002a-treated atherosclerotic mice revealed that Trem2 agonism dramatically altered foamy macrophage transcriptome. This included upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and increased expression of collagen genes. In vitro studies validated that Trem2 agonism with AL002a promoted foamy macrophage oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake, survival, and cholesterol efflux. CONCLUSIONS Trem2 agonism expands atherosclerotic plaque macrophages by promoting cell survival and proliferation but improves features of plaque stability by rewiring foamy macrophage function to enhance cholesterol efflux and collagen deposition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, Immunologic/agonists
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/agonists
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Foam Cells/metabolism
- Foam Cells/pathology
- Foam Cells/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Male
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Diet, High-Fat
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Necrosis
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Patterson
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Yingzheng Xu
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Hannah Hillman
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Victoria Osinski
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Pediatrics (V.O., B.A.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Patricia R. Schrank
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Ainsley E. Kennedy
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Fanta Barrow
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Alisha Zhu
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Samuel Tollison
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Sia Shekhar
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Ingunn M. Stromnes
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology (I.M.S.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Ilaria Tassi
- Alector, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (I.T., D.W.)
- Now with Deep Apple Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA (I.T.)
| | - Dick Wu
- Alector, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (I.T., D.W.)
| | - Xavier S. Revelo
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Bryce A. Binstadt
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Pediatrics (V.O., B.A.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Jesse W. Williams
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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Huang X, Jiang F, Ma Y, Zhu K, Wang Z, Hua Z, Yu J, Zhang L. A bibliometric analysis of endoplasmic reticulum stress and atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1392454. [PMID: 38938744 PMCID: PMC11210825 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1392454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis (AS) are diverse, among which endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is an important mechanism that should not be overlooked. However, up to now, there has been no bibliometric study on the relationship between ERS and AS. To understand the research progress in ERS and AS, this paper conducted a statistical analysis of publications in this field using bibliometrics. A total of 1,035 records were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the R package "bibliometric" were used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution, countries, authors, institutions, journals, references, and keywords of the literature, and to present the basic information of this field through visualized maps, as well as determine the collaboration relationships among researchers in this field. This field has gradually developed and stabilized over the past 20 years. The current research hotspots in this field mainly include the relationship between ERS and AS-related cells, the mechanisms by which ERS promotes AS, related diseases, and associated cytokines, etc. Vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, NLRP3 inflammasome, and heart failure represent the frontier research in this field and are becoming new research hotspots. It is hoped that this study will provide new insights for research and clinical work in the field of ERS and AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Huang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandon, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandon, China
| | - Yongbo Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandon, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandon, China
| | - Zhenyuan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandon, China
| | - Zhen Hua
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandon, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandon, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandon, China
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3
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Chen Y, Wei Y, Tang W. The role of hydrogen in the prevention and treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 972:176586. [PMID: 38615891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) is a primary cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis (AS), which is characterized by chronic inflammation and lipid oxidative deposition. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an effective anti-inflammatory agent and has potential to ameliorate glycolipid metabolism disorders, which is believed to exert beneficial effects on the prevention and treatment of CHD. It is suggested that H2 reduces inflammation in CHD by regulating multiple pathways, including NF-κB inflammatory pathway, pyroptosis, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Additionally, H2 may improve glycolipid metabolism by mediation of PI3K and AMPK signalling pathways, contributing to inhibition of the occurrence and development of CHD. This review elaborates pathogenesis of CHD and evaluates the role of H2 in CHD. Moreover, possible molecular mechanisms have been discussed and speculated, aiming to provide more strategies and directions for subsequent studies of H2 in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxi Chen
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Youzhen Wei
- Hydrogen Medicine Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, PR China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 271100, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, PR China; Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, PR China.
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4
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De Meyer GRY, Zurek M, Puylaert P, Martinet W. Programmed death of macrophages in atherosclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:312-325. [PMID: 38163815 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the arterial vessel wall characterized by substantial infiltration of macrophages, which exert both favourable and detrimental functions. Early in atherogenesis, macrophages can clear cytotoxic lipoproteins and dead cells, preventing cytotoxicity. Efferocytosis - the efficient clearance of dead cells by macrophages - is crucial for preventing secondary necrosis and stimulating the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, macrophages can promote tissue repair and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, thereby increasing plaque stability. However, advanced atherosclerotic plaques contain large numbers of pro-inflammatory macrophages that secrete matrix-degrading enzymes, induce death in surrounding cells and contribute to plaque destabilization and rupture. Importantly, macrophages in the plaque can undergo apoptosis and several forms of regulated necrosis, including necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. Regulated necrosis has an important role in the formation and expansion of the necrotic core during plaque progression, and several triggers for necrosis are present within atherosclerotic plaques. This Review focuses on the various forms of programmed macrophage death in atherosclerosis and the pharmacological interventions that target them as a potential means of stabilizing vulnerable plaques and improving the efficacy of currently available anti-atherosclerotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Michelle Zurek
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pauline Puylaert
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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5
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McMaster MW, Shah A, Kangarlu J, Cheikhali R, Frishman WH, Aronow WS. The Impact of the Apolipoprotein E Genotype on Cardiovascular Disease and Cognitive Disorders. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00250. [PMID: 38661359 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a critical role in cholesterol transport and protection against the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Humans have 3 prevalent isoforms of ApoE: apolipoprotein E2 (ApoE2), apolipoprotein E3 (ApoE3), and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4). The E4 allele has been associated with higher ASCVD risk. While E4 patients do have higher cholesterol levels, they do not have enough to account for the substantially elevated ASCVD risk relative to E2 and E3 patients. ASCVD risk calculators would underestimate the true effect of E4 if the difference was caused entirely by a difference in cholesterol level. This article reviews the function of ApoE in atherosclerosis, and how each isoform functions differently. We review what is known about the molecular mechanisms through which ApoE prevents endothelial dysfunction and damage, how ApoE stimulates macrophage efflux of cholesterol from atherogenic lesions, and the ways in which ApoE decreases inflammation throughout atherosclerosis. The impact of ApoE on Alzheimer's disease and a discussion of why it is possibly unrelated to ASCVD prevention are included. Clinical applications to hyperlipidemia management and ASCVD prevention in specific patient populations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W McMaster
- From the Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Avisha Shah
- From the Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
- Department of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - John Kangarlu
- From the Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Ryan Cheikhali
- From the Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - William H Frishman
- From the Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- From the Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
- Department of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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6
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Saadh MJ, Ahmed HM, Alani ZK, Al Zuhairi RAH, Almarhoon ZM, Ahmad H, Ubaid M, Alwan NH. The Role of Gut-derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Multiple Sclerosis. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:14. [PMID: 38630350 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition affecting the central nervous system (CNS), where the interplay of genetic and environmental factors influences its pathophysiology, triggering immune responses and instigating inflammation. Contemporary research has been notably dedicated to investigating the contributions of gut microbiota and their metabolites in modulating inflammatory reactions within the CNS. Recent recognition of the gut microbiome and dietary patterns as environmental elements impacting MS development emphasizes the potential influence of small, ubiquitous molecules from microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These molecules may serve as vital molecular signals or metabolic substances regulating host cellular metabolism in the intricate interplay between microbiota and the host. A current emphasis lies on optimizing the health-promoting attributes of colonic bacteria to mitigate urinary tract issues through dietary management. This review aims to spotlight recent investigations on the impact of SCFAs on immune cells pivotal in MS, the involvement of gut microbiota and SCFAs in MS development, and the considerable influence of probiotics on gastrointestinal disruptions in MS. Comprehending the gut-CNS connection holds promise for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches, particularly probiotic-based supplements, for managing MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan
| | - Hani Moslem Ahmed
- Department of Dental Industry Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Zaid Khalid Alani
- College of Health and Medical Technical, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Zainab M Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hijaz Ahmad
- Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186, Rome, Italy.
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Kuwait.
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Mohammed Ubaid
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Zaid A, Ariel A. Harnessing anti-inflammatory pathways and macrophage nano delivery to treat inflammatory and fibrotic disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115204. [PMID: 38342241 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Targeting specific organs and cell types using nanotechnology and sophisticated delivery methods has been at the forefront of applicative biomedical sciences lately. Macrophages are an appealing target for immunomodulation by nanodelivery as they are heavily involved in various aspects of many diseases and are highly plastic in their nature. Their continuum of functional "polarization" states has been a research focus for many years yielding a profound understanding of various aspects of these cells. The ability of monocyte-derived macrophages to metamorphose from pro-inflammatory to reparative and consequently to pro-resolving effectors has raised significant interest in its therapeutic potential. Here, we briefly survey macrophages' ontogeny and various polarization phenotypes, highlighting their function in the inflammation-resolution shift. We review their inducing mediators, signaling pathways, and biological programs with emphasis on the nucleic acid sensing-IFN-I axis. We also portray the polarization spectrum of macrophages and the characteristics of their transition between different subtypes. Finally, we highlighted different current drug delivery methods for targeting macrophages with emphasis on nanotargeting that might lead to breakthroughs in the treatment of wound healing, bone regeneration, autoimmune, and fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zaid
- Department of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838 Israel
| | - Amiram Ariel
- Department of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838 Israel.
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Stroope C, Nettersheim FS, Coon B, Finney AC, Schwartz MA, Ley K, Rom O, Yurdagul A. Dysregulated cellular metabolism in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Metab 2024; 6:617-638. [PMID: 38532071 PMCID: PMC11055680 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence over the past decades has revealed an intricate relationship between dysregulation of cellular metabolism and the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, an integrated understanding of dysregulated cellular metabolism in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its potential value as a therapeutic target is missing. In this Review, we (1) summarize recent advances concerning the role of metabolic dysregulation during atherosclerosis progression in lesional cells, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and T cells; (2) explore the complexity of metabolic cross-talk between these lesional cells; (3) highlight emerging technologies that promise to illuminate unknown aspects of metabolism in atherosclerosis; and (4) suggest strategies for targeting these underexplored metabolic alterations to mitigate atherosclerosis progression and stabilize rupture-prone atheromas with a potential new generation of cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Stroope
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Felix Sebastian Nettersheim
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Brian Coon
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, OMRF, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alexandra C Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia (IMMCG), Augusta University Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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9
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Ravi S, Martin LC, Krishnan M, Kumaresan M, Manikandan B, Ramar M. Interactions between macrophage membrane and lipid mediators during cardiovascular diseases with the implications of scavenger receptors. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 258:105362. [PMID: 38006924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases with the major underlying cause being atherosclerosis, occur during chronic inflammatory persistence in the vascular system, especially within the arterial wall. Such prolonged maladaptive inflammation is driven by macrophages and their key mediators are generally attributed to a disparity in lipid metabolism. Macrophages are the primary cells of innate immunity, endowed with expansive membrane domains involved in immune responses with their signalling systems. During atherosclerosis, the membrane domains and receptors control various active organisations of macrophages. Their scavenger/endocytic receptors regulate the trafficking of intracellular and extracellular cargo. Corresponding influence on lipid metabolism is mediated by their dynamic interaction with scavenger membrane receptors and their integrated mechanisms such as pinocytosis, phagocytosis, cholesterol export/import, etc. This interaction not only results in the functional differentiation of macrophages but also modifies their structural configurations. Here, we reviewed the association of macrophage membrane biomechanics and their scavenger receptor families with lipid metabolites during the event of atherogenesis. In addition, the membrane structure of macrophages and the signalling pathways involved in endocytosis integrated with lipid metabolism are detailed. This article establishes future insights into the scavenger receptors as potential targets for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ravi
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | | | - Mahalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Manikandan Kumaresan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni's College for Women, Chennai 600 015, India
| | - Manikandan Ramar
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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10
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Jia Y, Cheng L, Yang J, Mao J, Xie Y, Yang X, Zhang X, Wang D, Zhao Z, Schober A, Wei Y. miR-223-3p Prevents Necroptotic Macrophage Death by Targeting Ripk3 in a Negative Feedback Loop and Consequently Ameliorates Advanced Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:218-237. [PMID: 37970714 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of large necrotic cores results in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, which can lead to severe cardiovascular diseases. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms underlying the development of necrotic cores remain unclear. METHODS To evaluate how the modes of lesional cell death are reprogrammed during the development of atherosclerosis, the expression levels of key proteins that are involved in the necroptotic, apoptotic, and pyroptotic pathways were compared between different stages of plaques in humans and mice. Luciferase assays and loss-of-function studies were performed to identify the microRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism that protects foamy macrophages from necroptotic cell death. The role of this mechanism in atherosclerosis was determined by using a knockout mouse model with perivascular drug administration and tail vein injection of microRNA inhibitors in Apoe-/- mice. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that the necroptotic, rather than the apoptotic or pyroptotic, pathway is more activated in advanced unstable plaques compared with stable plaques in both humans and mice, which closely correlates with necrotic core formation. The upregulated expression of Ripk3 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3) promotes the C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta)-dependent transcription of the microRNA miR-223-3p, which conversely inhibits Ripk3 expression and forms a negative feedback loop to regulate the necroptosis of foamy macrophages. The knockout of the Mir223 gene in bone marrow cells accelerates atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- mice, but this effect can be rescued by Ripk3 deficiency or treatment with the necroptosis inhibitors necrostatin-1 and GSK-872. Like the Mir223 knockout, treating Apoe-/- mice with miR-223-3p inhibitors increases atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that miR-223-3p expression in macrophages protects against atherosclerotic plaque rupture by limiting the formation of necrotic cores, thus providing a potential microRNA therapeutic candidate for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Jia
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.J., L.C., J.Y., J.M., Y.X., X.Y., X.Z., D.W., Y.W.), Fudan University, China
| | - Lianping Cheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.J., L.C., J.Y., J.M., Y.X., X.Y., X.Z., D.W., Y.W.), Fudan University, China
| | - Jiaxuan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.J., L.C., J.Y., J.M., Y.X., X.Y., X.Z., D.W., Y.W.), Fudan University, China
| | - Jiaqi Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.J., L.C., J.Y., J.M., Y.X., X.Y., X.Z., D.W., Y.W.), Fudan University, China
| | - Yuhuai Xie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.J., L.C., J.Y., J.M., Y.X., X.Y., X.Z., D.W., Y.W.), Fudan University, China
| | - Xian Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.J., L.C., J.Y., J.M., Y.X., X.Y., X.Z., D.W., Y.W.), Fudan University, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.J., L.C., J.Y., J.M., Y.X., X.Y., X.Z., D.W., Y.W.), Fudan University, China
| | - Dingxin Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.J., L.C., J.Y., J.M., Y.X., X.Y., X.Z., D.W., Y.W.), Fudan University, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.J., L.C., J.Y., J.M., Y.X., X.Y., X.Z., D.W., Y.W.), Fudan University, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China (Z.Z.)
- Vascular Center of Shanghai Jiaotong University, China (Z.Z.)
| | - Andreas Schober
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.J., L.C., J.Y., J.M., Y.X., X.Y., X.Z., D.W., Y.W.), Fudan University, China
- Experimental Vascular Medicine (EVM), Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (A.S.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (A.S.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.J., L.C., J.Y., J.M., Y.X., X.Y., X.Z., D.W., Y.W.), Fudan University, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.W.), Fudan University, China
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11
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Starodubtseva I, Meshkova M, Zuikova A. Pathogenetic mechanisms of repeated adverse cardiovascular events development in patients with coronary heart disease: the role of chronic inflammation. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2023; 65:863-870. [PMID: 38351773 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.65.e109433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Stent restenosis is the most unfavorable complication of interventional treatment for coronary heart disease. We already know from various literature sources that the causes for stent restenosis in patients are both mechanical damage (partial opening, stent breakage, extended stented area, calcification, incomplete stent coverage of atherosclerotic plaque, weak radial stiffness of the stent metal frame, lack of stent drug coating), and the neointimal hyperplasia formation which is closely related to the de novo atherosclerosis development, being a predictor of the recurrent cardiovascular event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Meshkova
- NN Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Anna Zuikova
- NN Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia
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12
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Ngai D, Schilperoort M, Tabas I. Efferocytosis-induced lactate enables the proliferation of pro-resolving macrophages to mediate tissue repair. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2206-2219. [PMID: 38012414 PMCID: PMC10782856 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages (efferocytosis) prevents necrosis and inflammation and activates pro-resolving pathways, including continual efferocytosis. A key resolution process in vivo is efferocytosis-induced macrophage proliferation (EIMP), in which apoptotic cell-derived nucleotides trigger Myc-mediated proliferation of pro-resolving macrophages. Here we show that EIMP requires a second input that is integrated with cellular metabolism, notably efferocytosis-induced lactate production. Lactate signalling via GPR132 promotes Myc protein stabilization and subsequent macrophage proliferation. This mechanism is validated in vivo using a mouse model of dexamethasone-induced thymocyte apoptosis, which elevates apoptotic cell burden and requires efferocytosis to prevent inflammation and necrosis. Thus, EIMP, a key process in tissue resolution, requires inputs from two independent processes: a signalling pathway induced by apoptotic cell-derived nucleotides and a cellular metabolism pathway involving lactate production. These findings illustrate how seemingly distinct pathways in efferocytosing macrophages are integrated to carry out a key process in tissue resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ngai
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Maaike Schilperoort
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Liao G, Liu W, Dai Y, Shi X, Liu Y, Li D, Xu T. Beneficial effects of flavonoids on animal models of atherosclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. iScience 2023; 26:108337. [PMID: 38026172 PMCID: PMC10665821 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases that seriously endanger human health. The existing treatment drugs are effective, but they have some side effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids have attracted wide attention due to their multiple cardioprotective effects and fewer side effects. PubMed, Web of Science database, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies evaluating the effects of flavonoids against atherosclerosis. 119 studies published from August 1954 to April 2023 were included. Random-effects models were performed for synthesis. Compared with the control group, flavonoids significantly reduced longitudinal and cross-sectional plaque area. The findings indicated that flavonoids significantly reduced the concentrations of serum TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased serum HDL-C concentrations. Besides, flavonoids reduced the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increased the serum IL-10 level. This study provides evidence for the potential cardiovascular benefits of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yiming Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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14
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Hu L, Lv Z, Gu Y, Zheng T, Kong Y, Mao W. A bibliometric analysis of efferocytosis in cardiovascular diseases from 2001 to 2022. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34366. [PMID: 37773819 PMCID: PMC10545234 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, efferocytosis in cardiovascular diseases has become an intense area of research. However, only a few bibliometric analyses have been conducted in this area. In this review, we used CiteSpace 5.7. R2 and VOSviewer 1.6.17 software to perform text mining and knowledge map analysis. This study summarizes the latest progress, development paths, frontier research hotspots, and future research trends in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies on efferocytosis in cardiovascular diseases were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection. RESULTS In total, 327 studies published by 506 institutions across 42 countries and regions were identified. The number of studies on efferocytosis in cardiovascular diseases has increased over time. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology published the highest number of articles and was the top co-cited journal. Tabas Ira. was the most prolific researcher and co-cited the most. The most productive countries were the United States and China. Columbia University, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham Women's Hospital were the 3 most productive institutions in the field of research. Keyword Co-occurrence, Clusters, and Burst analyses showed that inflammation, atherosclerosis, macrophages, and phagocytosis appeared with the highest frequency in these studies. CONCLUSION Multinational cooperation and multidisciplinary intersections are characteristic trends of development in the field, and the immune microenvironment, glycolysis, and lipid metabolism will be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoxia Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengtian Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youjin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengjiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Wang M, Gong K, Zhu X, Chen S, Zhou J, Zhang H, Han J, Ma L, Duan Y. Identification of circulating T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 4 as a potential biomarker for coronary heart disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e320. [PMID: 37426678 PMCID: PMC10329472 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis, the process of engulfing and removing apoptotic cells, is attenuated in vulnerable plaques of advanced atherosclerosis. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 4 (TIMD4) is a recognition receptor protein for efferocytosis that has been implicated in atherosclerosis mouse models. However, the role of serum-soluble TIMD4 (sTIMD4) in coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed serum samples collected from two groups: Group 1 (36 healthy controls and 70 CHD patients) and Group 2 (44 chronic coronary syndrome [CCS]) and 81 acute coronary syndrome [ACS] patients). We found that sTIMD4 levels in patients with CHD were significantly higher than those in healthy controls and were also higher in ACS than in CCS patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.787. Furthermore, our in vitro results showed that low-density lipoprotein/lipopolysaccharide activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which in turn enhanced a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17, resulting in increased secretion of sTIMD4. This impairment of macrophage efferocytosis promoted inflammation. Thus, this study is not only the first identification of a potential novel biomarker of CHD, sTIMD4, but also demonstrated its pathogenesis mechanism, providing a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
| | - Xinran Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
| | - Shasha Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Likun Ma
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
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16
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Neels JG, Gollentz C, Chinetti G. Macrophage death in atherosclerosis: potential role in calcification. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1215612. [PMID: 37469518 PMCID: PMC10352763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is an important aspect of atherosclerotic plaque development. Insufficient efferocytosis of death cells by phagocytic macrophages leads to the buildup of a necrotic core that impacts stability of the plaque. Furthermore, in the presence of calcium and phosphate, apoptotic bodies resulting from death cells can act as nucleation sites for the formation of calcium phosphate crystals, mostly in the form of hydroxyapatite, which leads to calcification of the atherosclerotic plaque, further impacting plaque stability. Excessive uptake of cholesterol-loaded oxidized LDL particles by macrophages present in atherosclerotic plaques leads to foam cell formation, which not only reduces their efferocytosis capacity, but also can induce apoptosis in these cells. The resulting apoptotic bodies can contribute to calcification of the atherosclerotic plaque. Moreover, other forms of macrophage cell death, such as pyroptosis, necroptosis, parthanatos, and ferroptosis can also contribute by similar mechanisms to plaque calcification. This review focuses on macrophage death in atherosclerosis, and its potential role in calcification. Reducing macrophage cell death and/or increasing their efferocytosis capacity could be a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce the formation of a necrotic core and calcification and thereby improving atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap G. Neels
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Claire Gollentz
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (NSERM), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Giulia Chinetti
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (NSERM), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
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17
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Tian Z, Li X, Jiang D. Analysis of immunogenic cell death in atherosclerosis based on scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110130. [PMID: 37075670 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulated cell death plays a very important role in atherosclerosis (AS). Despite a large number of studies, there is a lack of literature on immunogenic cell death (ICD) in AS. METHOD Carotid atherosclerotic plaque single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing data were analyzed to define involved cells and determine their transcriptomic characteristics. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE and ssGSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis), consensus clustering analysis, random forest (RF), Decision Curve Analysis (DCA), and the Drug-Gene Interaction and DrugBank databases were applied for bulk sequencing data. All data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). RESULT mDCs and CTLs correlated obviously with AS occurrence and development (k2(mDCs) = 48.333, P < 0.001; k2(CTL) = 130.56, P < 0.001). In total, 21 differentially expressed genes were obtained for the bulk transcriptome; KEGG enrichment analysis results were similar to those for differentially expressed genes in endothelial cells. Eleven genes with a gene importance score > 1.5 were obtained in the training set and validated in the test set, resulting in 8 differentially expressed genes for ICD. A model to predict occurrence of AS and 56 drugs that may be used to treat AS were obtained with these 8 genes. CONCLUSION Immunogenic cell death occurs mainly in endothelial cells in AS. ICD maintains chronic inflammation in AS and plays a crucial role in its occurrence and development. ICD related genes may become drug-targeted genes for AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Tian
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Delong Jiang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
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18
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Li Q, Liu X, Du Y, Zhang X, Xiang P, Chen G, Ling W, Wang D. Protocatechuic acid boosts continual efferocytosis in macrophages by derepressing KLF4 to transcriptionally activate MerTK. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabn1372. [PMID: 37220181 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages clear apoptotic cells through a process called continual efferocytosis. We found that protocatechuic acid (PCA), a polyphenolic compound abundant in fruits and vegetables, increased the continual efferocytic capacity of macrophages and inhibited the progression of advanced atherosclerosis. PCA reduced the intracellular amounts of microRNA-10b (miR-10b) by promoting its secretion in extracellular vesicles, which led to an increase in the abundance of the miR-10b target Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). In turn, KLF4 transcriptionally induced the gene encoding Mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK), an efferocytic receptor for the recognition of apoptotic cells, resulting in increased continual efferocytic capacity. However, in naive macrophages, the PCA-induced secretion of miR-10b did not affect KLF4 and MerTK protein abundance or efferocytic capacity. In mice, oral administration of PCA increased continual efferocytosis in macrophages residing in the peritoneal cavities, thymi, and advanced atherosclerotic plaques through the miR-10b-KLF4-MerTK pathway. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of miR-10b with antagomiR-10b also increased the efferocytic capacity of efferocytic but not naive macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Together, these data describe a pathway that promotes continual efferocytosis in macrophages through miR-10b secretion and a KLF4-dependent increase in MerTK abundance, which can be activated by dietary PCA and which has implications for understanding the regulation of continual efferocytosis in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yushi Du
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Panyin Xiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
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19
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Wiśniewska A, Czepiel K, Stachowicz A, Pomierny B, Kuś K, Kiepura A, Stachyra K, Surmiak M, Madej J, Olszanecki R, Suski M. The antiatherosclerotic action of 1G244 - An inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidases 8/9 - is mediated by the induction of macrophage death. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 944:175566. [PMID: 36739078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting cell death to induce favorable functional and morphological changes within atherosclerotic plaques has long been postulated as a promising anti-atherosclerotic strategy. In this regard, inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidases 8/9 has received special attention in the context of chronic inflammatory diseases due to its regulatory role in macrophage death in vivo. METHODS The present study investigates the influence of prolonged treatment with 1G244 - an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidases 8/9 - on the development of the advanced atherosclerosis plaque in apoE-knockout mice, using morphometric and molecular methods. RESULTS 1G244 administration has led to a reduction in atherosclerotic plaque size in an apoE-knockout mice model. Moreover, it reduced the content of in-plaque macrophages, attributed by immunohistochemical phenotyping to the pro-inflammatory M1-like activation state of these cells. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidases 8/9 augmented the lytic form of death response of activated macrophages in-vitro. CONCLUSIONS In summary, inhibition of DPP 8/9 elicited an anti-atherosclerotic effect in apoE-/- mice, which can be attributed to the lytic form of death induction in activated macrophages, as assessed by the in vitro BMDM model. This, in turn, results in a reduction of the plaque area without its transformation towards a rupture-prone morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wiśniewska
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Czepiel
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Pomierny
- Department of Toxicological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kuś
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kiepura
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Stachyra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 8 Skawinska str., 31-066, Krakow, Poland
| | - Józef Madej
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Suski
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland.
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20
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Neels JG, Leftheriotis G, Chinetti G. Atherosclerosis Calcification: Focus on Lipoproteins. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030457. [PMID: 36984897 PMCID: PMC10056669 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids in the vessel wall, leading to the formation of an atheroma and eventually to the development of vascular calcification (VC). Lipoproteins play a central role in the development of atherosclerosis and VC. Both low- and very low-density lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL) and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) stimulate, while high-density lipoproteins (HDL) reduce VC. Apolipoproteins, the protein component of lipoproteins, influence the development of VC in multiple ways. Apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), the main protein component of HDL, has anti-calcific properties, while apoB and apoCIII, the main protein components of LDL and VLDL, respectively, promote VC. The role of lipoproteins in VC is also related to their metabolism and modifications. Oxidized LDL (OxLDL) are more pro-calcific than native LDL. Oxidation also converts HDL from anti- to pro-calcific. Additionally, enzymes such as autotaxin (ATX) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), involved in lipoprotein metabolism, have a stimulatory role in VC. In summary, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which lipoproteins and apolipoproteins contribute to VC will be crucial in the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for VC and its associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap G Neels
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06200 Nice, France
| | | | - Giulia Chinetti
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, C3M, 06200 Nice, France
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21
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Jing J, Zhu C, Gong R, Qi X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Research progress on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in the intervention of atherosclerosis: A promising natural immunotherapeutic adjuvant. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114201. [PMID: 36610225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by disorders of lipid metabolism. Abnormal deposition of low-density lipoproteins in the arterial wall stimulates the activation of immune cells, including the adhesion and infiltration of monocytes, the proliferation and differentiation of macrophages and lymphocytes, and the activation of their functions. The complex interplay between immune cells coordinates the balance between pro- and anti-inflammation and plays a key role in the progression of AS. Therefore, targeting immune cell activity may lead to the development of more selective drugs with fewer side effects to treat AS without compromising host defense mechanisms. At present, an increasing number of studies have found that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can regulate the function of immune cells in multiple ways to against AS, showing great potential for the treatment of AS and promising clinical applications. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of immune cell action in AS lesions and the potential targets and/or pathways for immune cell regulation by the active ingredients of TCM to promote the understanding of the immune system interactions of AS and provide a relevant basis for the use of active ingredients of TCM as natural adjuvants for AS immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Rui Gong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xue Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250001, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Peripheral Vascular Disease Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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22
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Wang W, Liang M, Wang L, Bei W, Rong X, Xu J, Guo J. Role of prostaglandin E2 in macrophage polarization: Insights into atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 207:115357. [PMID: 36455672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a trigger of cardiovascular disease, poses grave threats to human health. Although atherosclerosis depends on lipid accumulation and vascular wall inflammation, abnormal phenotypic regulation of macrophages is considered the pathological basis of atherosclerosis. Macrophage polarization mainly refers to the transformation of macrophages into pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, which has recently become a much-discussed topic. Increasing evidence has shown that M2 macrophage polarization can alleviate atherosclerosis progression. PGE2 is a bioactive lipid that has been observed to be elevated in atherosclerosis and to play a pro-inflammatory role, yet recent studies have reported that PGE2 promotes anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization and mitigates atherosclerosis progression. However, the mechanisms by which PGE2 acts remain unclear. This review summarizes current knowledge of PGE2 and macrophages in atherosclerosis. Additionally, we discuss potential PGE2 mechanisms of macrophage polarization, including CREB, NF-κB, and STAT signaling pathways, which may provide important therapeutic strategies based on targeting PGE2 pathways to modulate macrophage polarization for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingjie Liang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianqin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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23
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Wang Y, Huang X, Yang D, He J, Chen Z, Li K, Liu J, Zhang W. A green-inspired method to prepare non-split high-density lipoprotein (HDL) carrier with anti-dysfunctional activities superior to reconstituted HDL. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 182:115-127. [PMID: 36529255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein (HDL), especially oxidized HDL (OxHDL), could generate multifaceted in vivo proatherogenic effects that run counter to the antiatherogenic activities of HDL. It thereby reminded us that the in vitro reconstituted HDL (rHDL) might encountered with oxidation-induced dysfunction. Accordingly, a green-inspired method was employed to recycle non-split HDL from human plasma fraction IV. Then it was compared with rHDL formulated by an ethanol-injection method in terms of physicochemical properties and anti-dysfunctional activities. Results exhibited that rHDL oxidation extent exceeded that of non-split HDL evidenced by higher malondialdehy content, weaker inhibition on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and more superoxide anion. The reserved paraoxonase-1 activity on non-split HDL could partially explain for above experimental results. In the targeted transport mechanism experiment, upon SR-BI receptor inhibition and/or CD36 receptor blockage, the almost unchanged non-split HDL uptake in lipid-laden macrophage indicated its negligible oxidation modification profile with regard to rHDL again. Furthermore, compared to rHDL, better macrophage biofunctions were observed for non-split HDL as illustrated by accelerated cholesterol efflux, inhibited oxidized LDL uptake and lessened cellular lipid accumulation. Along with decreased ROS secretion, obviously weakened oxidative stress damage was also detected under treatment with non-split HDL. More importantly, foam cells with non-split HDL-intervention inspired an enhanced inflammation repression and apoptosis inhibition effect. Collectively, the anti-dysfunctional activities of non-split HDL make it suitable as a potential nanocarrier platform for cardiovascular drug payload and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Xinya Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Danni Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Jianhua He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Zhaoan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Kexuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China.
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24
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Banu S, Sur D. Role of Macrophage in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Macrophage Polarization a New Paradigm for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:2-11. [PMID: 35786198 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220630093359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus are usually associated with meta-inflammation. β-cell failure is a marked feature observed in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous situation that is accompanied by not only defective insulin secretion but also peripheral insulin resistance. β-cells are the primary organ for insulin secretion; hence, it is crucial to maintain a significant β-cell mass in response to a variety of changes. Insulin resistance is a chief cause of T2DM, leading to increased free fatty acid (FFA) levels, which in turn elevates β-cell mass and insulin secretion as compensation for insulin insensitivity. It has recently been established that amplified numbers of innate immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines result in detrimental effects on islets in chronic conditions. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is the lymphokine that prevents arbitrary migration of macrophages and assembles macrophages at inflammatory loci. Inflammation is known to trigger monocytes to differentiate into macrophages. Progress of complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as indicated through recent findings, is also dependent on the buildup of macrophages in tissues vulnerable to diabetic injury. The present article scientifically evaluates the present knowledge concerning the mechanisms of monocyte and macrophage-mediated injury recruitment in complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It also describes some of the established and experimental therapies that might bring about a reduction in these inflammatory complications. Recent discoveries in the field of drug delivery have facilitated phenotype-specific targeting of macrophages. This review highlights the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus, how macrophage induces type 2 diabetes mellitus and potential therapeutics for type 2 diabetes mellitus via macrophage-specific delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmin Banu
- Division of Pharmacology, Guru Nanak College of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 157/F Nilgunaj Road, Panihati, Kolkata 700114, India
| | - Debjeet Sur
- Division of Pharmacology, Guru Nanak College of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 157/F Nilgunaj Road, Panihati, Kolkata 700114, India
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25
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Wang X, Sun Z, Yuan R, Zhang W, Shen Y, Yin A, Li Y, Ji Q, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang M, Pan X, Shen L, He B. K-80003 Inhibition of Macrophage Apoptosis and Necrotic Core Development in Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaques. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022; 36:1061-1073. [PMID: 34410548 PMCID: PMC9652240 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Macrophage apoptosis coupled with a defective phagocytic clearance of the apoptotic cells promotes plaque necrosis in advanced atherosclerosis, which causes acute atherothrombotic vascular disease. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sulindac derivative K-80003 treatment was previously reported to dramatically attenuate atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to determine the role of K-80003 on macrophage apoptosis and elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS The mouse model of vulnerable carotid plaque in ApoE-/- mice was developed in vivo. Consequently, mice were randomly grouped into two study groups: the control group and the K-80003 group (30 mg/kg/day). Samples of carotid arteries were collected to determine atherosclerotic necrotic core area, cellular apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The effects of K-80003 on RAW264.7 macrophage apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagic flux were also examined in vitro. RESULTS K-80003 significantly suppressed necrotic core formation and inhibited cellular apoptosis of vulnerable plaques. K-80003 can also inhibit 7-ketocholesterol-induced macrophage apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, K-80003 inhibited intraplaque cellular apoptosis mainly through the suppression of oxidative stress, which is a key cause of advanced lesional macrophage apoptosis. Mechanistically, K-80003 prevented 7-ketocholesterol-induced impairment of autophagic flux in macrophages, evidenced by the decreased LC3II and SQSTM1/p62 expression, GFP-RFP-LC3 cancellation upon K-80003 treatment. CONCLUSION Inhibition of macrophage apoptosis and necrotic core formation by autophagy-mediated reduction of oxidative stress is one mechanism of the suppression of plaque progression and destabilization by K-80003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruosen Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yejiao Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Anwen Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqi Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Linghong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
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26
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Ketone Bodies as Metabolites and Signalling Molecules at the Crossroad between Inflammation and Epigenetic Control of Cardiometabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314564. [PMID: 36498891 PMCID: PMC9740056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, it has been clear that a Western diet rich in saturated fats and sugars promotes an inflammatory environment predisposing a person to chronic cardiometabolic diseases. In parallel, the emergence of ketogenic diets, deprived of carbohydrates and promoting the synthesis of ketone bodies imitating the metabolic effects of fasting, has been shown to provide a possible nutritional solution to alleviating diseases triggered by an inflammatory environment. The main ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), acts as an alternative fuel, and also as a substrate for a novel histone post-translational modification, β-hydroxybutyrylation. β-hydroxybutyrylation influences the state of chromatin architecture and promotes the transcription of multiple genes. BHB has also been shown to modulate inflammation in chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss, in the pathological context of cardiovascular risks, the current understanding of how ketone bodies, or a ketogenic diet, are able to modulate, trigger, or inhibit inflammation and how the epigenome and chromatin remodeling may be a key contributor.
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27
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Parry R, Majeed K, Pixley F, Hillis GS, Francis RJ, Schultz CJ. Unravelling the role of macrophages in cardiovascular inflammation through imaging: a state-of-the-art review. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 23:e504-e525. [PMID: 35993316 PMCID: PMC9671294 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability for patients across the world. Our understanding of atherosclerosis as a primary cholesterol issue has diversified, with a significant dysregulated inflammatory component that largely remains untreated and continues to drive persistent cardiovascular risk. Macrophages are central to atherosclerotic inflammation, and they exist along a functional spectrum between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory extremes. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated a reduction in major cardiovascular events with some, but not all, anti-inflammatory therapies. The recent addition of colchicine to societal guidelines for the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with chronic coronary syndromes highlights the real-world utility of this class of therapies. A highly targeted approach to modification of interleukin-1-dependent pathways shows promise with several novel agents in development, although excessive immunosuppression and resulting serious infection have proven a barrier to implementation into clinical practice. Current risk stratification tools to identify high-risk patients for secondary prevention are either inadequately robust or prohibitively expensive and invasive. A non-invasive and relatively inexpensive method to identify patients who will benefit most from novel anti-inflammatory therapies is required, a role likely to be fulfilled by functional imaging methods. This review article outlines our current understanding of the inflammatory biology of atherosclerosis, upcoming therapies and recent landmark clinical trials, imaging modalities (both invasive and non-invasive) and the current landscape surrounding functional imaging including through targeted nuclear and nanobody tracer development and their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece Parry
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Kamran Majeed
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton 3204, New Zealand
| | - Fiona Pixley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Graham Scott Hillis
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Roslyn Jane Francis
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Carl Johann Schultz
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
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28
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Puylaert P, Zurek M, Rayner KJ, De Meyer GRY, Martinet W. Regulated Necrosis in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1283-1306. [PMID: 36134566 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During atherosclerosis, lipid-rich plaques are formed in large- and medium-sized arteries, which can reduce blood flow to tissues. This situation becomes particularly precarious when a plaque develops an unstable phenotype and becomes prone to rupture. Despite advances in identifying and treating vulnerable plaques, the mortality rate and disability caused by such lesions remains the number one health threat in developed countries. Vulnerable, unstable plaques are characterized by a large necrotic core, implying a prominent role for necrotic cell death in atherosclerosis and plaque destabilization. Necrosis can occur accidentally or can be induced by tightly regulated pathways. Over the past decades, different forms of regulated necrosis, including necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and secondary necrosis, have been identified, and these may play an important role during atherogenesis. In this review, we describe several forms of necrosis that may occur in atherosclerosis and how pharmacological modulation of these pathways can stabilize vulnerable plaques. Moreover, some challenges of targeting necrosis in atherosclerosis such as the presence of multiple death-inducing stimuli in plaques and extensive cross-talk between necrosis pathways are discussed. A better understanding of the role of (regulated) necrosis in atherosclerosis and the mechanisms contributing to plaque destabilization may open doors to novel pharmacological strategies and will enable clinicians to tackle the residual cardiovascular risk that remains in many atherosclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Puylaert
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium (P.P., M.Z., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.)
| | - Michelle Zurek
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium (P.P., M.Z., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.)
| | - Katey J Rayner
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada (K.J.R.).,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium (P.P., M.Z., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.)
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium (P.P., M.Z., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.)
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29
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Dai T, He W, Tu S, Han J, Yuan B, Yao C, Ren W, Wu A. Black TiO2 nanoprobe-mediated mild phototherapy reduces intracellular lipid levels in atherosclerotic foam cells via cholesterol regulation pathways instead of apoptosis. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:18-28. [PMID: 35386468 PMCID: PMC8958315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that apoptosis increases the risk of plaque rupture, strategies that reduce intracellular lipid levels without killing foam cells are warranted for safe and effective treatment of atherosclerosis. In this study, a mild phototherapy strategy is carried out to achieve the hypothesis. Foam cell-targeted nanoprobes that allow photothermal therapy (PTT) and/or photodynamic therapy (PDT) were prepared by loading hyaluronan and porphine onto black TiO2 nanoparticles. The results showed that when temperatures below 45 °C, PTT alone and PTT + PDT significantly reduced the intracellular lipid burden without inducing evidently apoptosis or necrosis. In contrast, the use of PDT alone resulted in only a slight reduction in lipid levels and induced massive apoptosis or necrosis. The protective effect against apoptosis or necrosis after mild-temperature PTT and PTT + PDT was correlated with the upregulation of heat shock protein 27. Further, mild-temperature PTT and PTT + PDT attenuated intracellular cholesterol biosynthesis and excess cholesterol uptake via the SREBP2/LDLR pathway, and also triggered ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux, ultimately inhibiting lipid accumulation in foam cells. Our results offer new insights into the mechanism of lipid regulation in foam cells and indicate that the black TiO2 nanoprobes could allow safer and more effective phototherapy of atherosclerosis. Mild phototherapy reduced the intracellular lipid in foam cells without inducing obvious apoptosis or necrosis. HSP27 was upregulated in foam cells treated by mild phototherapy, which could protect cells against apoptosis or necrosis. Mild phototherapy attenuated intracellular cholesterol biosynthesis and excess uptake, also boosted cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315020, China
| | - Wenming He
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315020, China
| | - Shuangshuang Tu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315020, China
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jinru Han
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Huairou District, Beijing, 101408, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Chenyang Yao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Wenzhi Ren
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
- Corresponding author. Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
- Corresponding author. Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 ZhongGuan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China.
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Functional Association of miR-133b and miR-21 Through Novel Gene Targets ATG5, LRP6 and SGPP1 in Coronary Artery Disease. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:655-664. [PMID: 36197604 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis, a progressive manifestation of coronary artery disease, has been observed to be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting various protein-coding genes involved in several pathophysiological events of coronary artery disease. OBJECTIVE In our previous report, we identified differential expression profiles of candidate miRNAs, miR-133b and miR-21, in patients with coronary artery disease as compared with controls, suggesting their possible implication in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease. To better understand the functional role of these miRNAs, we sought to predict and validate their target genes while assessing the expression pattern of these genes in patients with coronary artery disease, as well as in macrophages. METHODS Potential target genes of miR-133b and miR-21 were predicted bioinformatically followed by validation through the identification of their expression at the protein level in patients with coronary artery disease (n-30), as well as in macrophages treated with respective miRNA inhibitors (antagomiRs), through immunoblotting. RESULTS SGPP1, a gene associated with the sphingolipid pathway, was predicted to be a potential target gene of miR-133b while ATG5 and LRP6 were target genes of miR-21 while being associated with autophagy and Wnt signalling pathways, respectively. SGPP1 was observed to be upregulated significantly (p = 0.019) by 2.07-fold, whereas ATG5 and LRP6 were found to be downregulated (p = 0.026 and 0.007, respectively) by 3.28-fold and 8.46-fold, respectively, in patients with coronary artery disease as compared with controls. Expression patterns of all the genes were also found to be modulated when cells were treated with respective miRNA inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Results from the present study suggest that SGPP1, ATG5 and LRP6, target genes of miR-133b and miR-21, may serve as potential therapeutic hotspots in the management of coronary artery disease, which undoubtedly merit further experimental confirmation.
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Tajbakhsh A, Gheibihayat SM, Askari H, Savardashtaki A, Pirro M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Statin-regulated phagocytosis and efferocytosis in physiological and pathological conditions. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hu PP, Luo SX, Fan XQ, Li D, Tong XY. Macrophage-targeted nanomedicine for the diagnosis and management of atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1000316. [PMID: 36160452 PMCID: PMC9501673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, which account for the highest death toll worldwide. Macrophage is the major contributor to atherosclerosis progression, and therefore, macrophage-associated pathological process is considered an extremely important target for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. However, the existing clinical strategies still have many bottlenecks and challenges in atherosclerosis’s early detection and management. Nanomedicine, using various nanoparticles/nanocarriers for medical purposes, can effectively load therapeutic agents, significantly improve their stability and accurately deliver them to the atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we summarized the latest progress of the macrophage-targeted nanomedicine in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis, and their potential applications and clinical benefits are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ping Hu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmacodynamics Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Ping Hu, ; Xiao Yong Tong,
| | - Shuang Xue Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Qing Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Yong Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Ping Hu, ; Xiao Yong Tong,
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33
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Jin G, Liu Y, Xu W, Li Y, Zhang H, Qiu S, Gao C, Liu S. Tnfaip2 promotes atherogenesis by enhancing oxidative stress induced inflammation. Mol Immunol 2022; 151:41-51. [PMID: 36084515 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The inflammation is considered to be the crucial determinants of lesion progression and plaque stability during atherogenesis. Tnfaip2 appears to be a regulator for carcinogenesis and infectious diseases. But its role in atherosclerosis is not clear. Here we first report that Tnfaip2 promotes the formation of atherosclerosis through enhancing the inflammation under oxidative stress condition. Although the endogenous expression of Tnfaip2 was upregulated under oxidative stress condition, the overexpressed Tnfaip2 could promote cells proliferation. This might result from the ability of promoting cells entering G2/M phase. Conversely, the cells proliferation and migration were significantly reduced in Tnfaip2 knockdown cells through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB/MAPK/Akt signaling pathways. However, the efferocytosis increased markedly due to the upregulation of "eat me" receptors, such as CD36, SR-A, and SR-B1, and the downregulation of "don't eat me" signal CD47. As a consequence, Tnfaip2 deficiency in bone marrow-derived cells inhibited atherosclerosis development in Ldlr-/- mice fed a high-fat diet accompanied by decreased inflammatory cytokines and shTnfaip2 could reduce the plaque lesions in ApoE-/- mice. These results indicate that Tnfaip2 might play an important role during atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyuan Jin
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, PR China; Medical Research Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Ji'ning Medical University, Ji'ning, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, PR China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, PR China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, PR China
| | - Shuoke Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, PR China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, PR China
| | - Suxia Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, PR China.
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34
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Apolipoprotein E in Cardiometabolic and Neurological Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179892. [PMID: 36077289 PMCID: PMC9456500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A preponderance of evidence obtained from genetically modified mice and human population studies reveals the association of apolipoprotein E (apoE) deficiency and polymorphisms with pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity/diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. The human APOE gene is polymorphic with three major alleles, ε2, ε3 and ε4, encoding apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, respectively. The APOE gene is expressed in many cell types, including hepatocytes, adipocytes, immune cells of the myeloid lineage, vascular smooth muscle cells, and in the brain. ApoE is present in subclasses of plasma lipoproteins, and it mediates the clearance of atherogenic lipoproteins from plasma circulation via its interaction with LDL receptor family proteins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Extracellular apoE also interacts with cell surface receptors and confers signaling events for cell regulation, while apoE expressed endogenously in various cell types regulates cell functions via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. This review article focuses on lipoprotein transport-dependent and -independent mechanisms by which apoE deficiency or polymorphisms contribute to cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, and neurological disorders.
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35
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Kawai K, Vozenilek AE, Kawakami R, Sato Y, Ghosh SKB, Virmani R, Finn AV. Understanding the role of alternative macrophage phenotypes in human atherosclerosis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:689-705. [PMID: 35942866 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis-based ischemic heart disease is still the primary cause of death throughout the world. Over the past decades there has been no significant changes in the therapeutic approaches to atherosclerosis, which are mainly based on lipid lowering therapies and management of comorbid conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. The involvement of macrophages in atherosclerosis has been recognized for decades. More recently, a more detailed and sophisticated understanding of their various phenotypes and roles in the atherosclerotic process has been recognized. This new data is revealing how specific subtypes of macrophage-induced inflammation may have distinct effects on atherosclerosis progression and may provide new approaches for treatment, based upon targeting of specific macrophage subtypes. AREAS COVERED We will comprehensively review the spectrum of macrophage phenotypes and how they contribute to atherosclerotic plaque development and progression. EXPERT OPINION Various signals derived from atherosclerotic lesions drive macrophages into complex subsets with different gene expression profiles, phenotypes, and functions, not all of which are understood. Macrophage phenotypes include those that enhance, heal, and regress the atherosclerotic lesions though various mechanisms. Targeting of specific macrophage phenotypes may provide a promising and novel approach to prevent atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawai
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Aimee E Vozenilek
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Rika Kawakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Aloke V Finn
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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36
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Liu M, Cai Y, Pan J, Peter K, Li Z. Macrophage polarization as a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis: a dynamic stochastic modelling study. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220239. [PMID: 35950200 PMCID: PMC9346359 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We proposed a dynamic stochastic mathematical model to evaluate the role of macrophage polarization in plaque development. The dynamic process of macrophages from proliferation to death was simulated under different lipid microenvironments. The probability of macrophage phenotypic switching was described using a Bernoulli distribution where the stochastic variable was determined by the local lipid level. Moreover, the interactions between macrophages and microenvironmental factors vary with macrophage phenotype. We investigated the distribution of key microenvironmental factors, the dynamics of macrophage polarization and its influence on foam cell formation. M1 macrophages were found to predominate in advanced plaque corresponding to the exacerbated inflammation observed in mice experiments. The imbalance between the deposition of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and phagocytic effects of macrophages governed the formation of foam cells. Furthermore, we simulated targeted therapies by either directly inhibiting the polarization probability to M1 macrophages or indirectly regulating macrophage polarization due to high-density lipoprotein levels. Comparison of simulation results with experimental findings in both therapies indicated that the intervention and regulation of macrophage polarization could influence plaque microenvironment and subsequently induce plaque regression, especially in the early stage. The proposed modelling system can facilitate the evaluation of novel therapies targeting macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cai
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichao Pan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, St Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, VIC 8008, Australia
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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37
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Mahmoudi A, Firouzjaei AA, Darijani F, Navashenaq JG, Taghizadeh E, Darroudi M, Gheibihayat SM. Effect of diabetes on efferocytosis process. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10849-10863. [PMID: 35902446 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex of genetic, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders that are characterized by hyperglycemia. Elevated apoptotic cell count following defective clearance of dead cells that can cause chronic inflammation is a hallmark of the diabetic wound. Effective dead cell clearance is a prerequisite for rapid inflammation resolution and successful recovery. Efferocytosis is a multistep process in which phagocytes engulf the dead cells. Cell body elimination is of great significance in disease and homeostasis. Recent research has clarified that diabetic wounds have an enhanced load of the apoptotic cell, which is partly attributed to the dysfunction of macrophages in apoptotic clearance at the site of the diabetic wounds. In the current work, we highlight the pathways implicated in efferocytosis, from the diagnosis of apoptotic cells to the phagocytic swallowing and the homeostatic resolution, and explain the possible pathophysiological episodes occurring when the proceeding is abrogated. Also, we describe the last development in the management of inflammation in diabetes wound and future directions of surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of medical biotechnology and nanotechnology, faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadizad Firouzjaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Darijani
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 8915173143, Yazd, Iran.
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38
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Cao Y, Zhang S, Sun J, Wang Y, Song S, Zhang H. Targeting the Microenvironment of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques: An Emerging Diagnosis and Therapy Strategy for Atherosclerosis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110660. [PMID: 35238081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is considered one of the primary causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Unpredictable rupture of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques triggers adverse cardiovascular events such as acute myocardial syndrome and even sudden cardiac death. Therefore, assessing the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques and early intervention are of significance in reducing CVD mortality. Nanomedicine possesses tremendous advantages in achieving the integration of the diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerotic plaques because of its magnetic, optical, thermal, and catalytic properties. Based on the pathological characteristics of vulnerable plaques, stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms and surface-functionalized nanoagents are designed and have drawn great attention for accomplishing the precise imaging and treatment of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques due to their superior properties, such as high bioavailability, lesion-targeting specificity, on-demand cargo release, and low off-target damage. Here, the characteristics of vulnerable plaques are generalized, and some targeted strategies for boosting the accuracy of plaque vulnerability evaluation by imaging and the efficacy of plaque stabilization therapy (including antioxidant therapy, macrophage depletion therapy, regulation of lipid metabolism therapy, anti-inflammation therapy, etc.) are systematically summarized. In addition, existing challenges and prospects in this field are discussed, and it is believed to provide new thinking for the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Ximin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Songtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shuyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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39
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Garrido AM, Kaistha A, Uryga AK, Oc S, Foote K, Shah A, Finigan A, Figg N, Dobnikar L, Jørgensen H, Bennett M. Efficacy and limitations of senolysis in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1713-1727. [PMID: 34142149 PMCID: PMC9215197 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Traditional markers of cell senescence including p16, Lamin B1, and senescence-associated beta galactosidase (SAβG) suggest very high frequencies of senescent cells in atherosclerosis, while their removal via 'senolysis' has been reported to reduce atherogenesis. However, selective killing of a variety of different cell types can exacerbate atherosclerosis. We therefore examined the specificity of senescence markers in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the effects of genetic or pharmacological senolysis in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined traditional senescence markers in human and mouse VSMCs in vitro, and in mouse atherosclerosis. p16 and SAβG increased and Lamin B1 decreased in replicative senescence and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) of cultured human VSMCs. In contrast, mouse VSMCs undergoing SIPS showed only modest p16 up-regulation, and proliferating mouse monocyte/macrophages also expressed p16 and SAβG. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of lineage-traced mice showed increased p16 expression in VSMC-derived cells in plaques vs. normal arteries, but p16 localized to Stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1)+ or macrophage-like populations. Activation of a p16-driven suicide gene to remove p16+ vessel wall- and/or bone marrow-derived cells increased apoptotic cells, but also induced inflammation and did not change plaque size or composition. In contrast, the senolytic ABT-263 selectively reduced senescent VSMCs in culture, and markedly reduced atherogenesis. However, ABT-263 did not reduce senescence markers in vivo, and significantly reduced monocyte and platelet counts and interleukin 6 as a marker of systemic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS We show that genetic and pharmacological senolysis have variable effects on atherosclerosis, and may promote inflammation and non-specific effects respectively. In addition, traditional markers of cell senescence such as p16 have significant limitations to identify and remove senescent cells in atherosclerosis, suggesting that senescence studies in atherosclerosis and new senolytic drugs require more specific and lineage-restricted markers before ascribing their effects entirely to senolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Martin Garrido
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, ACCI, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Anuradha Kaistha
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, ACCI, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Anna K Uryga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, ACCI, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Sebnem Oc
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, ACCI, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Kirsty Foote
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, ACCI, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Aarti Shah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, ACCI, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Alison Finigan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, ACCI, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Nichola Figg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, ACCI, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Lina Dobnikar
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helle Jørgensen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, ACCI, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Martin Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, ACCI, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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40
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Liang S, Sun Q, Du Z, Ren X, Xu Q, Sun Z, Duan J. PM 2.5 induce the defective efferocytosis and promote atherosclerosis via HIF-1α activation in macrophage. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:290-309. [PMID: 35653618 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2083995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrate that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) promotes the development of atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism insight of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is still lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the biological effects of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) on PM2.5-triggered atherosclerosis. The vascular stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), lipid and atherosclerotic lesion were increased when von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-null mice were exposed to PM2.5. Yet, knockout of HIF-1α markedly decreased the PM2.5-triggered atherosclerotic lesion. We firstly performed microarray analysis in PM2.5-treated bone morrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), which showed that PM2.5 significantly changed the genes expression patterns and affected biological processes such as phagocytosis, apoptotic cell clearance, cellular response to hypoxia, apoptotic process and inflammatory response. Moreover, the data showed knockout of HIF-1α remarkably relieved PM2.5-induced defective efferocytosis. Mechanistically, PM2.5 inhibited the level of genes and proteins of efferocytosis receptor c-Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK), especially in VHL-null BMDMs. In addition, PM2.5 increased the genes and proteins of a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17), which caused the MerTK cleavage to form soluble MerTK (sMer) in plasma and cellular supernatant. The sMer was significantly up-regulated in plasma of VHL-null PM2.5-exposed mice. Moreover, PM2.5 could induce defective efferocytosis and activate inflammatory response through MerTK/IFNAR1/STAT1 signaling pathway in macrophages. Our results demonstrate that PM2.5 could induce defective efferocytosis and inflammation by activating HIF-1α in macrophages, ultimately resulting in accelerating atherosclerotic lesion formation and development. Our data suggest HIF-1α in macrophages might be a potential target for PM2.5-related atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoke Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- Core Facility Centre, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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41
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Engineered extracellular vesicles and their mimics in cardiovascular diseases. J Control Release 2022; 347:27-43. [PMID: 35508222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Current pharmacological interventions for the CVDs suffer from low bioavailability, low retention rate, poor targeting, drug resistance complicated side effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are lipid vesicles secreted by cells, play key roles in pathological processes of CVDs. Engineered EVs and EV mimics with superior properties can overcome limitations of traditional medicine, thus emerging as alternative therapeutic options for the CVDs. In this Review, we summarized basic concepts of EVs and EV mimics, highlighted engineering strategies, and lastly discussed applications of engineered EVs and EV mimics against the CVDs. We believe this Review can provide some new insights on engineering EVs and EV mimics and facilitate their application in precise control of CVDs.
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The Impact of RIPK1 Kinase Inhibition on Atherogenesis: A Genetic and a Pharmacological Approach. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051016. [PMID: 35625752 PMCID: PMC9138372 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RIPK1 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1) enzymatic activity drives both apoptosis and necroptosis, a regulated form of necrosis. Because necroptosis is involved in necrotic core development in atherosclerotic plaques, we investigated the effects of a RIPK1S25D/S25D mutation, which prevents activation of RIPK1 kinase, on atherogenesis in ApoE−/− mice. After 16 weeks of western-type diet (WD), atherosclerotic plaques from ApoE−/− RIPK1S25D/S25D mice were significantly larger compared to ApoE−/− RIPK1+/+ mice (167 ± 34 vs. 78 ± 18 × 103 µm2, p = 0.01). Cell numbers (350 ± 34 vs. 154 ± 33 nuclei) and deposition of glycosaminoglycans (Alcian blue: 31 ± 6 vs. 14 ± 4%, p = 0.023) were increased in plaques from ApoE−/− RIPK1S25D/S25D mice while macrophage content (Mac3: 2.3 ± 0.4 vs. 9.8 ± 2.4%, p = 0.012) was decreased. Plaque apoptosis was not different between both groups. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of RIPK1 kinase with GSK’547 (10 mg/kg BW/day) in ApoE−/− Fbn1C1039G+/− mice, a model of advanced atherosclerosis, did not alter plaque size after 20 weeks WD, but induced apoptosis (TUNEL: 136 ± 20 vs. 62 ± 9 cells/mm2, p = 0.004). In conclusion, inhibition of RIPK1 kinase activity accelerated plaque progression in ApoE−/− RIPK1S25D/S25D mice and induced apoptosis in GSK’547-treated ApoE−/− Fbn1C1039G+/− mice. Thus, without directly comparing the genetic and pharmacological studies, it can be concluded that targeting RIPK1 kinase activity does not limit atherogenesis.
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Hou J, Zhou J, Chang M, Bao G, Xu J, Ye M, Zhong Y, Liu S, Wang J, Zhang W, Ran H, Wang Z, Chen Y, Guo D. LIFU-responsive nanomedicine enables acoustic droplet vaporization-induced apoptosis of macrophages for stabilizing vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Bioact Mater 2022; 16:120-133. [PMID: 35386311 PMCID: PMC8958425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high risk of tearing and rupture, vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques would induce serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Despite the available clinical methods can evaluate the vulnerability of plaques and specifically treat vulnerable plaques before a cardiovascular event, but the efficiency is still low and undesirable. Herein, we rationally design and engineer the low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU)-responsive FPD@CD nanomedicine for the highly efficient treatment of vulnerable plaques by facilely loading phase transition agent perfluorohexane (PFH) into biocompatible PLGA-PEG-PLGA nanoparticles (PPP NPs) and then attaching dextran sulphate (DS) onto the surface of PPP NPs for targeting delivery. DS, as a typical macrophages-targeted molecule, can achieve the precise vaporization of NPs and subsequently controllable apoptosis of RAW 264.7 macrophages as induced by acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) effect. In addition, the introduction of DiR and Fe3O4 endows nanomedicine with near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging capabilities. The engineered FPD@CD nanomedicine that uses macrophages as therapeutic targets achieve the conspicuous therapeutic effect of shrinking vulnerable plaques based on in vivo and in vitro evaluation outcomes. A reduction of 49.4% of vascular stenosis degree in gross pathology specimens were achieved throughout the treatment period. This specific, efficient and biosafe treatment modality potentiates the biomedical application in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases based on the relief of the plaque rupture concerns. A new nanomedicine-enabled treatment strategy has been developed for treating vulnerable plaques by employing ADV. The optimal treatment conditions for ADV have been explored, including LIFU irradiation power intensity and plaque stability. The underlying mechanism of nanomedicine-enabled ADV in the treatment of vulnerable plaques has been studied systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Hou
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Meiqi Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
| | - Guangcheng Bao
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Man Ye
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Yixin Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Shuling Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Junrui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Haitao Ran
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging & Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging & Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Dajing Guo
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
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Tian H, Wang T, Zhang Y, Pan T, Yao S, Yu H, Ma K, Wang S. Astragaloside IV protects against C/EBP homologous protein-mediated apoptosis in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-treated macrophages by promoting autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174912. [PMID: 35339476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Astragaloside Ⅳ (AS-Ⅳ) is one of the main active components extracted from Astragalus membranaceus that exerts an antiatherosclerotic effect. Our study explored the underlying anti-apoptotic effects and the mechanisms of action of AS-Ⅳ in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-stimulated macrophages and in vulnerable plaques. The results showed that AS-Ⅳ lowered the oxLDL-induced lipid content and reversed the oxLDL-induced reduction in cell viability and elevation in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages, similar to the effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA, an ER stress inhibitor). In addition, consistent with the effect exerted by PBA, AS-Ⅳ inhibited oxLDL-triggered ER stress activation by decreasing the level of inositol-requiring enzyme1 phosphorylation and transcription factor 6 nuclear translocation and upregulating the protein and mRNA expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GPR78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). As expected, autophagy activation was induced by AS-IV, evidenced by increased expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ (LC3-Ⅱ), autophagy-related gene 5, and beclin-1 in macrophages. Furthermore, after pretreatment with 3-methyladenine and beclin-1 small interfering RNA, the inhibitory role played by AS-Ⅳ in oxLDL-induced ER stress-CHOP-mediated macrophage apoptosis was weakened, while its inhibitory effect was further enhanced by rapamycin pretreatment. Moreover, administration of AS-Ⅳ or rapamycin to Apoe-/- mice upregulated LC3-Ⅱ expression and collagen content but decreased CHOP expression, macrophage apoptosis, and lipid areas. Overall, by promoting autophagy, AS-Ⅳ effectively protects macrophages from oxLDL-induced apoptosis mediated by ER stress-CHOP, which may reinforce the stability of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Follow-up Visit, Binzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Binzhou, 256610, Shandong, China
| | - Tianqi Pan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Shutong Yao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Huayun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China.
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Clare J, Ganly J, Bursill CA, Sumer H, Kingshott P, de Haan JB. The Mechanisms of Restenosis and Relevance to Next Generation Stent Design. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030430. [PMID: 35327622 PMCID: PMC8945897 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stents are lifesaving mechanical devices that re-establish essential blood flow to the coronary circulation after significant vessel occlusion due to coronary vessel disease or thrombolytic blockade. Improvements in stent surface engineering over the last 20 years have seen significant reductions in complications arising due to restenosis and thrombosis. However, under certain conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), the incidence of stent-mediated complications remains 2–4-fold higher than seen in non-diabetic patients. The stents with the largest market share are designed to target the mechanisms behind neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) through anti-proliferative drugs that prevent the formation of a neointima by halting the cell cycle of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Thrombosis is treated through dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT), which is the continual use of aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor for 6–12 months. While the most common stents currently in use are reasonably effective at treating these complications, there is still significant room for improvement. Recently, inflammation and redox stress have been identified as major contributing factors that increase the risk of stent-related complications following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this review is to examine the mechanisms behind inflammation and redox stress through the lens of PCI and its complications and to establish whether tailored targeting of these key mechanistic pathways offers improved outcomes for patients, particularly those where stent placement remains vulnerable to complications. In summary, our review highlights the most recent and promising research being undertaken in understanding the mechanisms of redox biology and inflammation in the context of stent design. We emphasize the benefits of a targeted mechanistic approach to decrease all-cause mortality, even in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Clare
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.C.); (J.G.); (P.K.)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Justin Ganly
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.C.); (J.G.); (P.K.)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Christina A. Bursill
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Huseyin Sumer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.C.); (J.G.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.B.d.H.)
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.C.); (J.G.); (P.K.)
- ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Judy B. de Haan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.C.); (J.G.); (P.K.)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.B.d.H.)
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Budoff MJ, Lakshmanan S, Toth PP, Hecht HS, Shaw LJ, Maron DJ, Michos ED, Williams KA, Nasir K, Choi AD, Chinnaiyan K, Min J, Blaha M. Cardiac CT angiography in current practice: An American society for preventive cardiology clinical practice statement ✰. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 9:100318. [PMID: 35146468 PMCID: PMC8802838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this clinical practice statement, we represent a summary of the current evidence and clinical applications of cardiac computed tomography (CT) in evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD), from an expert panel organized by the American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC), and appraises the current use and indications of cardiac CT in clinical practice. Cardiac CT is emerging as a front line non-invasive diagnostic test for CAD, with evidence supporting the clinical utility of cardiac CT in diagnosis and prevention. CCTA offers several advantages beyond other testing modalities, due to its ability to identify and characterize coronary stenosis severity and pathophysiological changes in coronary atherosclerosis and stenosis, aiding in early diagnosis, prognosis and management of CAD. This document further explores the emerging applications of CCTA based on functional assessment using CT derived fractional flow reserve, peri‑coronary inflammation and artificial intelligence (AI) that can provide personalized risk assessment and guide targeted treatment. We sought to provide an expert consensus based on the latest evidence and best available clinical practice guidelines regarding the role of CCTA as an essential tool in cardiovascular prevention - applicable to risk assessment and early diagnosis and management, noting potential areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Budoff
- Division of Cardiology, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance CA, USA
| | - Suvasini Lakshmanan
- Division of Cardiology, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance CA, USA
| | - Peter P. Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL and Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Harvey S. Hecht
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Leslee J. Shaw
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J. Maron
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kim A. Williams
- Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew D. Choi
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kavitha Chinnaiyan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - James Min
- Chief Executive Officer Cleerly Inc., New York, NY
| | - Michael Blaha
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Chen W, Schilperoort M, Cao Y, Shi J, Tabas I, Tao W. Macrophage-targeted nanomedicine for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:228-249. [PMID: 34759324 PMCID: PMC8580169 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology could improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and contribute to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to further reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Macrophages have key roles in atherosclerosis progression and, therefore, macrophage-associated pathological processes are important targets for both diagnostic imaging and novel therapies for atherosclerosis. In this Review, we highlight efforts in the past two decades to develop imaging techniques and to therapeutically manipulate macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques with the use of rationally designed nanoparticles. We review the latest progress in nanoparticle-based imaging modalities that can specifically target macrophages. Using novel molecular imaging technology, these modalities enable the identification of advanced atherosclerotic plaques and the assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of medical interventions. Additionally, we provide novel perspectives on how macrophage-targeting nanoparticles can deliver a broad range of therapeutic payloads to atherosclerotic lesions. These nanoparticles can suppress pro-atherogenic macrophage processes, leading to improved resolution of inflammation and stabilization of plaques. Finally, we propose future opportunities for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and provide solutions to challenges in this area for the purpose of accelerating the clinical translation of nanomedicine for the treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Maaike Schilperoort
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Yihai Cao
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang T, Zhou J, Zhang X, Wu Y, Jin K, Wang Y, Xu R, Yang G, Li W, Jiao L. X-box Binding Protein 1: An Adaptor in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Aging Dis 2022; 14:350-369. [PMID: 37008067 PMCID: PMC10017146 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), the formation of fibrofatty lesions in the vessel wall, is the primary cause of heart disease and stroke and is closely associated with aging. Disrupted metabolic homeostasis is a primary feature of AS and leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is an abnormal accumulation of unfolded proteins. By orchestrating signaling cascades of the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER stress functions as a double-edged sword in AS, where adaptive UPR triggers synthetic metabolic processes to restore homeostasis, whereas the maladaptive response programs the cell to the apoptotic pathway. However, little is known regarding their precise coordination. Herein, an advanced understanding of the role of UPR in the pathological process of AS is reviewed. In particular, we focused on a critical mediator of the UPR, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), and its important role in balancing adaptive and maladaptive responses. The XBP1 mRNA is processed from the unspliced isoform (XBP1u) to the spliced isoform of XBP1 (XBP1s). Compared with XBP1u, XBP1s predominantly functions downstream of inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) and transcript genes involved in protein quality control, inflammation, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcification, which are critical for the pathogenesis of AS. Thus, the IRE1α/XBP1 axis is a promising pharmaceutical candidate against AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
| | - Jia Zhou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
| | - Yujie Wu
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Kehan Jin
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yilin Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ge Yang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. , Dr. Wenjing Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Liqun Jiao, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .
| | - Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ge Yang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. , Dr. Wenjing Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Liqun Jiao, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ge Yang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. , Dr. Wenjing Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Liqun Jiao, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .
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Wu L, Sowers JR, Zhang Y, Ren J. OUP accepted manuscript. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:691-709. [PMID: 35576480 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) arise from a complex interplay among genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic abnormalities. Emerging evidence has recently consolidated the presence of robust DNA damage in a variety of cardiovascular disorders. DNA damage triggers a series of cellular responses termed DNA damage response (DDR) including detection of DNA lesions, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cellular senescence, and apoptosis, in all organ systems including hearts and vasculature. Although transient DDR in response to temporary DNA damage can be beneficial for cardiovascular function, persistent activation of DDR promotes the onset and development of CVDs. Moreover, therapeutic interventions that target DNA damage and DDR have the potential to attenuate cardiovascular dysfunction and improve disease outcome. In this review, we will discuss molecular mechanisms of DNA damage and repair in the onset and development of CVDs, and explore how DDR in specific cardiac cell types contributes to CVDs. Moreover, we will highlight the latest advances regarding the potential therapeutic strategies targeting DNA damage signalling in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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50
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Huan W, Yandong L, Chao W, Sili Z, Jun B, Mingfang L, Yu C, Lefeng Q. YKL-40 Aggravates Early-Stage Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Macrophage Apoptosis in an Aven-dependent Way. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752773. [PMID: 34950656 PMCID: PMC8688858 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: programmed cell removal in atherosclerotic plaques plays a crucial role in retarding lesion progression. Macrophage apoptosis has a critical role in PrCR, especially in early-stage lesions. YKL-40 has been shown to be elevated as lesions develop and is closely related to macrophages. This study aimed to determine the effect of YKL-40 on regulating macrophage apoptosis and early-stage atherosclerosis progression. Research design and Methods: The correlations among the expression level of YKL-40, the area of early-stage plaque, and the macrophage apoptosis rate in plaques have been shown in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques through pathological and molecular biological detection. These results were successively confirmed in vivo (Ldlr−/- mice treated by YKL-40 recombinant protein/neutralizing antibody) and in vitro (macrophages that Ykl40 up-/down-expressed) experiments. The downstream targets were predicted by iTRAQ analysis. Results: In early-stage human carotid plaques and murine plaques, the YKL-40 expression level had a significant positive correlation with the area of the lesion and a significant negative correlation with the macrophage apoptosis rate. In vivo, the plaque area of aortic roots was significantly larger in the recomb-YKL-40 group than that in IgG group (p = 0.0247) and was significantly smaller in the anti-YKL-40 group than in the IgG group (p = 0.0067); the macrophage apoptosis rate of the plaque in aortic roots was significantly lower in the recomb-YKL-40 group than that in IgG group (p = 0.0018) and was higher in anti-YKL-40 group than that in VC group. In vitro, the activation level of caspase-9 was significantly lower in RAW264.7 with Ykl40 overexpressed than that in controls (p = 0.0054), while the expression level of Aven was significantly higher than that in controls (p = 0.0031). The apoptosis rate of RAW264.7 treated by recomb-YKL40 was significantly higher in the Aven down-regulated group than that in the control group (p < 0.001). The apoptosis inhibitor Aven was confirmed as the target molecule of YKL-40. Mechanistically, YKL-40 could inhibit macrophage apoptosis by upregulating Aven to suppress the activation of caspase-9. Conclusion: YKL-40 inhibits macrophage apoptosis by upregulating the apoptosis inhibitor Aven to suppress the activation of caspase-9, which may impede normal PrCR and promote substantial accumulation in early-stage plaques, thereby leading to the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huan
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yandong
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Chao
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zou Sili
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai Jun
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liao Mingfang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine & Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qu Lefeng
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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