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Dobson DA, Holle LA, Lin FC, Huffman JE, Luyendyk JP, Flick MJ, Smith NL, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, Wolberg AS. Novel genetic regulators of fibrinogen synthesis identified by an in vitro experimental platform. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:522-533. [PMID: 36696182 PMCID: PMC10111212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen has an established, essential role in both coagulation and inflammatory pathways, and these processes are deeply intertwined in the development of thrombotic and atherosclerotic diseases. Previous studies aimed to better understand the (patho) physiological actions of fibrinogen by characterizing the genomic contribution to circulating fibrinogen levels. OBJECTIVES Establish an in vitro approach to define functional roles between genes within these loci and fibrinogen synthesis. METHODS Candidate genes were selected on the basis of their proximity to genetic variants associated with fibrinogen levels and expression in hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were transfected with small interfering RNAs targeting candidate genes and cultured in the absence or presence of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. Effects on fibrinogen protein production, gene expression, and cell growth were assessed by immunoblotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and cell counts, respectively. RESULTS HepG2 cells secreted fibrinogen, and stimulation with interleukin-6 increased fibrinogen production by 3.4 ± 1.2 fold. In the absence of interleukin-6, small interfering RNA knockdown of FGA, IL6R, or EEPD1 decreased fibrinogen production, and knockdown of LEPR, PDIA5, PLEC, SHANK3, or CPS1 increased production. In the presence of interleukin-6, knockdown of FGA, IL6R, or ATXN2L decreased fibrinogen production. Knockdown of FGA, IL6R, EEPD1, LEPR, PDIA5, PLEC, or CPS1 altered transcription of one or more fibrinogen genes. Knocking down ATXN2L suppressed inducible but not basal fibrinogen production via a post-transcriptional mechanism. CONCLUSIONS We established an in vitro platform to define the impact of select gene products on fibrinogen production. Genes identified in our screen may reveal cellular mechanisms that drive fibrinogen production as well as fibrin(ogen)-mediated (patho)physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dre'Von A Dobson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lori A Holle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Feng-Chang Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle WA, USA; Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle WA, USA; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Li D, Zhang X, Huang H, Zhang H. Association of β-fibrinogen polymorphisms and venous thromboembolism risk: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18204. [PMID: 31770277 PMCID: PMC6890318 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a multifactorial disease in which genetic and acquired risk factors may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Several studies have demonstrated that β-fibrinogen (FGB) polymorphisms are associated with the risk of VTE. However, the results of these studies were not totally consistent. In this paper, we performed a meta-analysis to further investigate the relationship between FGB polymorphisms and susceptibility to VTE. METHODS To identify studies pertinent to the focused question, the following databases were systematically searched: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data. The strength of correlations was evaluated by calculating pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity, type of disorders, and source of control were also performed. RESULTS Overall, A total of 18 relevant case-control studies met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated in this meta-analysis, involving 3033 VTE cases and 4547 healthy controls. FGB -455G>A polymorphism and -148C>T polymorphism were not significantly associated with susceptibility to VTE in overall populations. However, results of stratified analysis demonstrated that among Caucasian population, the -455G>A mutation was negatively associated with the risk of VTE under all genetic comparison models (A:G OR = 0.80 95% CI = 0.70-0.91; GA + AA:GG OR = 0.80 95% CI = 0.68-0.93; GA:GG OR = 0.84 95% CI = 0.71-0.98; AA:GG + GA OR = 0.61 95% CI = 0.43-0.87; AA:GG OR = 0.57 95% CI = 0.40-0.82), which indicates FGB -455G>A polymorphism may be a protective factor for VTE. There was no correlation between -148C>T polymorphism and susceptibility to VTE in all subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION FGB -455G>A polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of VTE among the Caucasian population.
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Olson NC, Raffield LM, Lange LA, Lange EM, Longstreth WT, Chauhan G, Debette S, Seshadri S, Reiner AP, Tracy RP. Associations of activated coagulation factor VII and factor VIIa-antithrombin levels with genome-wide polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease risk. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:19-30. [PMID: 29112333 PMCID: PMC5760305 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ESSENTIALS Essentials A fraction of coagulation factor VII circulates in blood as an activated protease (FVIIa). We evaluated FVIIa and FVIIa-antithrombin (FVIIa-AT) levels in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Polymorphisms in the F7 and PROCR loci were associated with FVIIa and FVIIa-AT levels. FVIIa may be an ischemic stroke risk factor in older adults and FVIIa-AT may assess mortality risk. SUMMARY Background A fraction of coagulation factor (F) VII circulates as an active protease (FVIIa). FVIIa also circulates as an inactivated complex with antithrombin (FVIIa-AT). Objective Evaluate associations of FVIIa and FVIIa-AT with genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and incident coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke and mortality. Patients/Methods We measured FVIIa and FVIIa-AT in 3486 Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) participants. We performed a genome-wide association scan for FVIIa and FVIIa-AT in European-Americans (n = 2410) and examined associations of FVII phenotypes with incident cardiovascular disease. Results In European-Americans, the most significant SNP for FVIIa and FVIIa-AT was rs1755685 in the F7 promoter region on chromosome 13 (FVIIa, β = -25.9 mU mL-1 per minor allele; FVIIa-AT, β = -26.6 pm per minor allele). Phenotypes were also associated with rs867186 located in PROCR on chromosome 20 (FVIIa, β = 7.8 mU mL-1 per minor allele; FVIIa-AT, β = 9.9 per minor allele). Adjusted for risk factors, a one standard deviation higher FVIIa was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01, 1.23). Higher FVIIa-AT was associated with mortality from all causes (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03, 1.12). Among European-American CHS participants the rs1755685 minor allele was associated with lower ischemic stroke (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54, 0.88), but this association was not replicated in a larger multi-cohort analysis. Conclusions The results support the importance of the F7 and PROCR loci in variation in circulating FVIIa and FVIIa-AT. The findings suggest FVIIa is a risk factor for ischemic stroke in older adults, whereas higher FVIIa-AT may reflect mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Vermont, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - L M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - E M Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G Chauhan
- INSERM U1219 Neuroepidemiology, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - S Debette
- INSERM U1219 Neuroepidemiology, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - S Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - A P Reiner
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - R P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Vermont, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Genetics of Atherosclerosis. Coron Artery Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811908-2.00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tjärnlund-Wolf A, Hultman K, Curtis M, Faull R, Medcalf R, Jern C. Allelic imbalance of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene expression in human brain tissue. Thromb Haemost 2017; 105:945-53. [DOI: 10.1160/th10-10-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryWe have identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the t-PA enhancer (-7351C>T), which is associated with endothelial t-PA release in vivo. In vitro studies demonstrated that this SNP is functional at the level of transcription. In the brain, t-PA has been implicated in both physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the t-PA –7351C>T SNP on t-PA gene expression in human brain tissue. Allelic mRNA expression was measured in heterozygous post-mortem brain tissues using quantitative TaqMan genotyping assay. Protein-DNA interactions were assessed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Significantly higher levels of t-PA mRNA were generated from chromosomes that harboured the wild-type –7351C allele, as compared to those generated from the mutant T allele (for the hippocampus, C to T allelic ratio of ~1.3, p=0.010, n=12; and for the cortex, C to T allelic ratio of ~1.2, p=0.017, n=12). EMSA showed reduced neuronal and astrocytic nuclear protein binding affinity to the T allele, and identified Sp1 and Sp3 as the major transcription factors that bound to the –7351 site. ChIP analyses confirmed that Sp1 recognises this site in intact cells. In conclusion, the t-PA –7351C>T SNP affects t-PA gene expression in human brain tissue. This finding might have clinical implications for neurological conditions associated with enhanced t-PA levels, such as in the acute phase of cerebral ischaemia, and also for stroke recovery.
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Cronjé HT, Nienaber-Rousseau C, Zandberg L, de Lange Z, Green FR, Pieters M. Fibrinogen and clot-related phenotypes determined by fibrinogen polymorphisms: Independent and IL-6-interactive associations. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187712. [PMID: 29099861 PMCID: PMC5669433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces the expression of fibrinogen, and polymorphic variation within the fibrinogen genes is believed to alter the magnitude of this expression. The identification of the functional relevance of individual fibrinogen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been hindered by the high linkage disequilibrium (LD) reported in the European fibrinogen gene locus. This study investigated two novel and 12 known fibrinogen SNPs of potential functional relevance, in 2010 Tswana individuals known to have low LD. We aimed to identify functional polymorphisms that contribute to clot-related phenotypes and total and γ’ fibrinogen concentrations independently and through their interaction with IL-6, by taking advantage of the high fibrinogen and IL-6 concentrations and the low LD reported in black South Africans. Fibrinogen was significantly associated with IL-6, thereby mediating associations of IL-6 with clot formation and structure, although attenuating the association of IL-6 with clot lysis time. None of the common European fibrinogen haplotypes was present in this study population. Putative functional fibrinogen SNPs FGB–rs7439150, rs1800789 (–1420G/A) and rs1800787 (–148C/T) were significantly associated with fibrinogen concentration and altered clot properties, with several associations significantly influenced by IL-6 concentrations. The impact of harbouring several minor fibrinogen SNP alleles on the association of IL-6 and fibrinogen concentration was cumulative, with possession of each additional minor allele showing a stronger relationship of IL-6 with fibrinogen. This was also reflected in differences in clot properties, suggesting potential clinical relevance. Therefore, when investigating the effect of fibrinogen genetics on fibrinogen concentrations and CVD outcome, the possible interactions with modulating factors and the fact that SNP effects seem to be additive should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Toinét Cronjé
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Lizelle Zandberg
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Zelda de Lange
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Fiona R. Green
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marlien Pieters
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Seidelmann SB, Smith E, Subrahmanyan L, Dykas D, Abou Ziki MD, Azari B, Hannah-Shmouni F, Jiang Y, Akar JG, Marieb M, Jacoby D, Bale AE, Lifton RP, Mani A. Application of Whole Exome Sequencing in the Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:CIRCGENETICS.116.001573. [PMID: 28087566 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advent of high throughput sequencing, the identification of genetic causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become an integral part of medical diagnosis and management and at the forefront of personalized medicine in this field. The use of whole exome sequencing for clinical diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of inherited CVD has not been previously evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the results of whole exome sequencing in first 200 adult patients with inherited CVD, who underwent genetic testing at the Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics. Genetic diagnosis was reached and reported with a success rate of 26.5% (53 of 200 patients). This compares to 18% (36 of 200) that would have been diagnosed using commercially available genetic panels (P=0.04). Whole exome sequencing was particularly useful for clinical diagnosis in patients with aborted sudden cardiac death, in whom the primary insult for the presence of both depressed cardiac function and prolonged QT had remained unknown. The analysis of the remaining cases using genome annotation and disease segregation led to the discovery of novel candidate genes in another 14% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS Whole exome sequencing is an exceptionally valuable screening tool for its capability to establish the clinical diagnosis of inherited CVDs, particularly for poorly defined cases of sudden cardiac death. By presenting novel candidate genes and their potential disease associations, we also provide evidence for the use of this genetic tool for the identification of novel CVD genes. Creation and sharing of exome databases across centers of care should facilitate the discovery of unknown CVD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B Seidelmann
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Emily Smith
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Lakshman Subrahmanyan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Daniel Dykas
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Maen D Abou Ziki
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Bani Azari
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Fady Hannah-Shmouni
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Yuexin Jiang
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Joseph G Akar
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Mark Marieb
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Daniel Jacoby
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Allen E Bale
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Richard P Lifton
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Arya Mani
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.).
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Larsson P, Alwis I, Niego B, Sashindranath M, Fogelstrand P, Wu MCL, Glise L, Magnusson M, Daglas M, Bergh N, Jackson SP, Medcalf RL, Jern S. Valproic acid selectively increases vascular endothelial tissue-type plasminogen activator production and reduces thrombus formation in the mouse. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:2496-2508. [PMID: 27706906 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Stimulating endogenous fibrinolysis could be a novel antithrombotic strategy. The effect of valproic acid on endothelial tissue plasminogen activator in mice was investigated. Valproic acid increased tissue plasminogen activator expression in vascular endothelium. Valproic acid reduced fibrin deposition and thrombus formation after vascular injury. SUMMARY Background The endogenous fibrinolytic system has rarely been considered as a target to prevent thrombotic disease. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) production is potently increased by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in endothelial cells in vitro, but whether this translates into increased vascular t-PA production and an enhanced fibrinolytic capacity in vivo is unknown. Objectives To determine whether the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) stimulates production of t-PA in the vasculature of mice, and whether VPA pretreatment affects fibrin deposition and clot formation after mechanical vessel injury. Methods Mice were injected with VPA twice daily for up to 5 days. t-PA mRNA, and antigen expression in the mouse aorta and the circulating levels of t-PA were determined. Fibrin and thrombus dynamics after mechanical vessel injury were monitored with intravital confocal microscopy. Potential effects of VPA on platelets and coagulation were investigated. Results and Conclusions We found that VPA treatment increased vascular t-PA production in vivo and, importantly, that VPA administration was associated with reduced fibrin accumulation and smaller thrombi in response to vascular injury, but still was not associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Furthermore, we observed that higher concentrations of VPA were required to stimulate t-PA production in the brain than in the vasculature. Thus, this study shows that VPA can be dosed to selectively manipulate the fibrinolytic system in the vascular compartment and reduce thrombus formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Larsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Alwis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - B Niego
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Sashindranath
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Fogelstrand
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M C L Wu
- Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - L Glise
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Magnusson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Daglas
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Bergh
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S P Jackson
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - R L Medcalf
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Jern
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Magnusson M, Lu EX, Larsson P, Ulfhammer E, Bergh N, Carén H, Jern S. Dynamic Enhancer Methylation--A Previously Unrecognized Switch for Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141805. [PMID: 26509603 PMCID: PMC4625093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), which is synthesized in the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel walls, is a key player in the fibrinolytic system protecting the circulation against occluding thrombus formation. Although classical gene regulation has been quite extensively studied in order to understand the mechanisms behind t-PA regulation, epigenetics, including DNA methylation, still is a largely unexplored field. The aim of this study was to establish the methylation pattern in the t-PA promoter and enhancer in non-cultured compared to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and to simultaneously examine the level of t-PA gene expression. Bisulphite sequencing was used to evaluate the methylation status, and real-time RT-PCR to determine the gene expression level. While the t-PA promoter was stably unmethylated, we surprisingly observed a rapid reduction in the amount of methylation in the enhancer during cell culturing. This demethylation was in strong negative correlation with a pronounced (by a factor of approximately 25) increase in t-PA gene expression levels. In this study, we show that the methylation level in the t-PA enhancer appears to act as a previously unrecognized switch controlling t-PA expression. Our findings, which suggest that DNA methylation is quite dynamic, have implications also for the interpretation of cell culture experiments in general, as well as in a wider biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Magnusson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Xuchun Lu
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pia Larsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Ulfhammer
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Bergh
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Carén
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail: (HC); (SJ)
| | - Sverker Jern
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail: (HC); (SJ)
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10
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Svennerholm K, Haney M, Biber B, Ulfhammer E, Saluveer O, Larsson P, Omerovic E, Jern S, Bergh N. Histone deacetylase inhibition enhances tissue plasminogen activator release capacity in atherosclerotic man. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121196. [PMID: 25807501 PMCID: PMC4373842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The expression of the tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene appears to be under epigenetic control and can be affected by histone deacetylation inhibition. The study aimed to test if histone deacetalyase inhibitor treatment lead to increased t-PA release or reduced exhaustion in t-PA release in response to stimulation, as well as change in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in subjects with coronary disease. In this clinical study, 16 post-myocardial infarction subjects, the perfused forearm model was used with isoprenaline provocation during 20 minutes, to stimulate local t-PA release. Each subject was measured twice on the same day (repeated stimuli sequences) as well as on two different occasions, without treatment and after four weeks of treatment with valproic acid (500 mg, twice daily). Net forearm release for t-PA in response to isoprenaline at minutes 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 was measured, allowing assessment of cumulative t-PA release. There was a reduction in the exhaustion of cumulative t-PA release during repeated and prolonged stimulation with valproic acid treatment compared to non-treatment. Plasma PAI-1 antigen was decreased following treatment compared to non-treatment (18.4 ± 10.0 vs. 11.0 ± 7.1 nanograms/ml respectively, mean with 95% confidence interval). These findings demonstrate that histone deacetylation inhibition increases the capacity for endogenous t-PA release in subjects with vascular disease. Furthermore, the fibrinolytic balance is favored with suppressed PAI-1 levels. More studies are needed to establish the clinical relevance of these findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION EU Clinical Trials Register 2012-004950-27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Svennerholm
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Haney
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute for Surgical and Perioperative Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Björn Biber
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Ulfhammer
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ott Saluveer
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pia Larsson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elmir Omerovic
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sverker Jern
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Bergh
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Baumert J, Huang J, McKnight B, Sabater-Lleal M, Steri M, Chu AY, Trompet S, Lopez LM, Fornage M, Teumer A, Tang W, Rudnicka AR, Mälarstig A, Hottenga JJ, Kavousi M, Lahti J, Tanaka T, Hayward C, Huffman JE, Morange PE, Rose LM, Basu S, Rumley A, Stott DJ, Buckley BM, de Craen AJM, Sanna S, Masala M, Biffar R, Homuth G, Silveira A, Sennblad B, Goel A, Watkins H, Müller-Nurasyid M, Rückerl R, Taylor K, Chen MH, de Geus EJC, Hofman A, Witteman JCM, de Maat MPM, Palotie A, Davies G, Siscovick DS, Kolcic I, Wild SH, Song J, McArdle WL, Ford I, Sattar N, Schlessinger D, Grotevendt A, Franzosi MG, Illig T, Waldenberger M, Lumley T, Tofler GH, Willemsen G, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Räikkönen K, Chasman DI, Folsom AR, Lowe GD, Westendorp RGJ, Slagboom PE, Cucca F, Wallaschofski H, Strawbridge RJ, Seedorf U, Koenig W, Bis JC, Mukamal KJ, van Dongen J, Widen E, Franco OH, Starr JM, Liu K, Ferrucci L, Polasek O, Wilson JF, Oudot-Mellakh T, Campbell H, Navarro P, Bandinelli S, Eriksson J, Boomsma DI, Dehghan A, Clarke R, Hamsten A, Boerwinkle E, Jukema JW, Naitza S, Ridker PM, Völzke H, Deary IJ, Reiner AP, Trégouët DA, O'Donnell CJ, Strachan DP, Peters A, Smith NL. No evidence for genome-wide interactions on plasma fibrinogen by smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index: results from meta-analyses of 80,607 subjects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111156. [PMID: 25551457 PMCID: PMC4281156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma fibrinogen is an acute phase protein playing an important role in the blood coagulation cascade having strong associations with smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a variety of gene regions associated with elevated plasma fibrinogen concentrations. However, little is yet known about how associations between environmental factors and fibrinogen might be modified by genetic variation. Therefore, we conducted large-scale meta-analyses of genome-wide interaction studies to identify possible interactions of genetic variants and smoking status, alcohol consumption or BMI on fibrinogen concentration. The present study included 80,607 subjects of European ancestry from 22 studies. Genome-wide interaction analyses were performed separately in each study for about 2.6 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the 22 autosomal chromosomes. For each SNP and risk factor, we performed a linear regression under an additive genetic model including an interaction term between SNP and risk factor. Interaction estimates were meta-analysed using a fixed-effects model. No genome-wide significant interaction with smoking status, alcohol consumption or BMI was observed in the meta-analyses. The most suggestive interaction was found for smoking and rs10519203, located in the LOC123688 region on chromosome 15, with a p value of 6.2×10−8. This large genome-wide interaction study including 80,607 participants found no strong evidence of interaction between genetic variants and smoking status, alcohol consumption or BMI on fibrinogen concentrations. Further studies are needed to yield deeper insight in the interplay between environmental factors and gene variants on the regulation of fibrinogen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Baumert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jie Huang
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maristella Steri
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Audrey Y. Chu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lorna M. Lopez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Alicja R. Rudnicka
- Division of Population Health Sciences & Education, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Mälarstig
- Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ institute, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lynda M. Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Saonli Basu
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ann Rumley
- Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan M. Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anton J. M. de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Masala
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Reiner Biffar
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerostomatology and Dental Materials, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Angela Silveira
- Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anuj Goel
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Rückerl
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- ESC-Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Kent Taylor
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline C. M. Witteman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Aarno Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gail Davies
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David S. Siscovick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Department of Public Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
| | - Sarah H. Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jaejoon Song
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Wendy L. McArdle
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Schlessinger
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anne Grotevendt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maria Grazia Franzosi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lumley
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ institute, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aaron R. Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gordon D. Lowe
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rudi G. J. Westendorp
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Henri Wallaschofski
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Udo Seedorf
- Leibniz-Institut für Arterioskleroseforschung an der Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jenny van Dongen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ institute, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar H. Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kiang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James F. Wilson
- Department of Public Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
| | - Tiphaine Oudot-Mellakh
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris, France
- ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Harry Campbell
- Department of Public Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Johan Eriksson
- Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ institute, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Silvia Naitza
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander P. Reiner
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris, France
- ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Christopher J. O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David P. Strachan
- Division of Population Health Sciences & Education, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (A. Peters); (NLS)
| | - Nicholas L. Smith
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research & Information Center, Veterans Affairs Office of Research & Development, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (A. Peters); (NLS)
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Histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment increases coronary t-PA release in a porcine ischemia model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97260. [PMID: 24818610 PMCID: PMC4018339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of the tissue plasminogen activator gene can be affected by histone deacetylation inhibition and thus appears to be under epigenetic control. Objectives The study aimed to test if in vivo pharmacological intervention by valproic acid treatment would lead to increase in tissue plasminogen activator release capacity. Methods In an anaesthetized pig model, a controlled transient coronary occlusion was used to stimulate coronary tissue plasminogen activator release in a valproic acid treated (one week) and a non-treated group. Coronary venous blood samples from the ischemic region were collected, great cardiac vein thermodilution flow measurements were performed, and trans-coronary tissue plasminogen activator fluxes were calculated. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was also measured. Results Adequate sampling from the affected area after the 10 minute ischemic period was confirmed by lactate measurements. Fluxes for tissue plasminogen activator at minutes 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 were measured and then used to present cumulative net tissue plasminogen activator release for the whole measurement period for both groups. Area under the curve was higher for the valproic acid treated group at 10 minutes; 932±173 nanograms (n = 12) compared to the non-treated group, 451±78 nanograms (n = 10, p = 0.023). There was no difference in levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 between groups. Conclusions These findings support a proof of concept for histone deacetylation inhibition positive effect on tissue plasminogen activator expression in an in vivo setting. Further studies are needed to find an optimal way to implement histone deacetylation inhibition to achieve desired clinical changes in tissue plasminogen activator expression.
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Huang J, Huffman JE, Yamakuchi M, Yamkauchi M, Trompet S, Asselbergs FW, Sabater-Lleal M, Trégouët DA, Chen WM, Smith NL, Kleber ME, Shin SY, Becker DM, Tang W, Dehghan A, Johnson AD, Truong V, Folkersen L, Yang Q, Oudot-Mellkah T, Buckley BM, Moore JH, Williams FMK, Campbell H, Silbernagel G, Vitart V, Rudan I, Tofler GH, Navis GJ, Destefano A, Wright AF, Chen MH, de Craen AJM, Worrall BB, Rudnicka AR, Rumley A, Bookman EB, Psaty BM, Chen F, Keene KL, Franco OH, Böhm BO, Uitterlinden AG, Carter AM, Jukema JW, Sattar N, Bis JC, Ikram MA, Sale MM, McKnight B, Fornage M, Ford I, Taylor K, Slagboom PE, McArdle WL, Hsu FC, Franco-Cereceda A, Goodall AH, Yanek LR, Furie KL, Cushman M, Hofman A, Witteman JCM, Folsom AR, Basu S, Matijevic N, van Gilst WH, Wilson JF, Westendorp RGJ, Kathiresan S, Reilly MP, Tracy RP, Polasek O, Winkelmann BR, Grant PJ, Hillege HL, Cambien F, Stott DJ, Lowe GD, Spector TD, Meigs JB, Marz W, Eriksson P, Becker LC, Morange PE, Soranzo N, Williams SM, Hayward C, van der Harst P, Hamsten A, Lowenstein CJ, Strachan DP, O'Donnell CJ. Genome-wide association study for circulating tissue plasminogen activator levels and functional follow-up implicates endothelial STXBP5 and STX2. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1093-101. [PMID: 24578379 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a serine protease, catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, the major enzyme responsible for endogenous fibrinolysis. In some populations, elevated plasma levels of tPA have been associated with myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies to identify novel correlates of circulating levels of tPA. APPROACH AND RESULTS Fourteen cohort studies with tPA measures (N=26 929) contributed to the meta-analysis. Three loci were significantly associated with circulating tPA levels (P<5.0×10(-8)). The first locus is on 6q24.3, with the lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs9399599; P=2.9×10(-14)) within STXBP5. The second locus is on 8p11.21. The lead SNP (rs3136739; P=1.3×10(-9)) is intronic to POLB and <200 kb away from the tPA encoding the gene PLAT. We identified a nonsynonymous SNP (rs2020921) in modest linkage disequilibrium with rs3136739 (r(2)=0.50) within exon 5 of PLAT (P=2.0×10(-8)). The third locus is on 12q24.33, with the lead SNP (rs7301826; P=1.0×10(-9)) within intron 7 of STX2. We further found evidence for the association of lead SNPs in STXBP5 and STX2 with expression levels of the respective transcripts. In in vitro cell studies, silencing STXBP5 decreased the release of tPA from vascular endothelial cells, whereas silencing STX2 increased the tPA release. Through an in silico lookup, we found no associations of the 3 lead SNPs with coronary artery disease or stroke. CONCLUSIONS We identified 3 loci associated with circulating tPA levels, the PLAT region, STXBP5, and STX2. Our functional studies implicate a novel role for STXBP5 and STX2 in regulating tPA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- From National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.H., A.D.J., C.J.O.); Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.H., A.D.J., C.J.O.); MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (J.E.H., V.V., A.F.W., C.H.); The Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (M.Y., C.J.L.); Departments of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Gerontology and Geriatrics (S.T., A.J.M.d.C., R.G.J.W.), and Molecular Epidemiology (P.E.S.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.W.A.); Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.W.A.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.); Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine (M.S.-L., L.F., P.E., A.H.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; INSERM UMRS 937, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France (D.-A.T., V.T., T.O.M., F.C.); ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrion, Paris, France (D.-A.T., V.T., F.C.); Departments of Public Health Sciences (W.M.C., B.B.W., F.C.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.M.S.), Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Departments of Epidemiology (N.L.S., B.M.P., B.M.), Medicine (B.M.P., J.C.B.), and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (N.L.S., B.M.P.); Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Office of Research and
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Ganesh SK, Arnett DK, Assimes TL, Basson CT, Chakravarti A, Ellinor PT, Engler MB, Goldmuntz E, Herrington DM, Hershberger RE, Hong Y, Johnson JA, Kittner SJ, McDermott DA, Meschia JF, Mestroni L, O’Donnell CJ, Psaty BM, Vasan RS, Ruel M, Shen WK, Terzic A, Waldman SA. Genetics and Genomics for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: Update. Circulation 2013; 128:2813-51. [DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000437913.98912.1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Histone deacetylase inhibitors stimulate tissue-type plasminogen activator production in vascular endothelial cells. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2013; 35:185-92. [PMID: 23229086 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A reduced capacity for acute tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) release is likely to be associated with an impaired endogenous defense against intravascular thrombosis. Efficient approaches to pharmacologically restore a defective t-PA release have been lacking, but recent observations suggest that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) enhance t-PA production in vitro. HDACis have diverse chemical structures and different HDAC-enzyme sub-class targeting. We here compared the effects of several clinically used HDACis on t-PA production in endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to a panel of 11 different HDACis and t-PA mRNA and protein levels were quantified. All HDACis dose-dependently stimulated t-PA mRNA and protein expression with similar maximal efficacy but with different potencies. Already at low concentrations, the majority of inhibitors caused significant and sustained effects on t-PA production. In addition, selected HDACis were capable of normalizing t-PA production when suppressed by the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. We conclude that HDACis targeting classical HDAC enzymes are powerful inducers of t-PA expression in cultured endothelial cells and could be promising candidates for pharmacological modulation of endogenous fibrinolysis in man.
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Tomaiuolo R, Bellia C, Caruso A, Di Fiore R, Quaranta S, Noto D, Cefalù AB, Di Micco P, Zarrilli F, Castaldo G, Averna MR, Ciaccio M. Prothrombotic gene variants as risk factors of acute myocardial infarction in young women. J Transl Med 2012; 10:235. [PMID: 23171482 PMCID: PMC3543285 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young women represent an extreme phenotype associated with a higher mortality compared with similarly aged men. Prothrombotic gene variants could play a role as risk factors for AMI at young age. Methods We studied Factor V Leiden, FII G20210A, MTHFR C677T and beta-fibrinogen -455G>A variants by real-time PCR in 955 young AMI (362 females) and in 698 AMI (245 females) patients. The data were compared to those obtained in 909 unrelated subjects (458 females) from the general population of the same geographical area (southern Italy). Results In young AMI females, the allelic frequency of either FV Leiden and of FII G20210A was significantly higher versus the general population (O.R.: 3.67 for FV Leiden and O.R.: 3.84 for FII G20210A; p<0.001). Among AMI patients we showed only in males that the allelic frequency of the MTHFR C677T variant was significantly higher as compared to the general population. Such difference was due to a significantly higher frequency in AMI males of the MTHFR C677T variant homozygous genotype (O.R. 3.05). Discussion and conclusion Our data confirm that young AMI in females is a peculiar phenotype with specific risk factors as the increased plasma procoagulant activity of FV and FII. On the contrary, the homozygous state for the 677T MTHFR variant may cause increased levels of homocysteine and/or an altered folate status and thus an increased risk for AMI, particularly in males. The knowledge of such risk factors (that may be easily identified by molecular analysis) may help to improve prevention strategies for acute coronary diseases in specific risk-group subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Tomaiuolo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples, 80145, Italy
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A two-step genetic study on quantitative precursors of coronary artery disease in a homogeneous Indian population: case-control association discovery and validation by transmission-disequilibrium test. J Biosci 2012; 36:857-68. [PMID: 22116284 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-011-9148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In spite of its strong familiality, gene identification for coronary artery disease (CAD) has not yielded a consistent picture. One major reason for this is that families or cases and controls were not recruited from a homogeneous population. We, therefore, attempted to map genes underlying 10 quantitative traits (QTs) that are known precursors of CAD in a homogeneous population (Marwari) of India. The QTs are apolipoprotein B (ApoB), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FBG), homocysteine (HCY), lipoprotein (a) (LPA), cholesterol - total (CHOL-T), cholesterol - HDL (CHOL-H), cholesterol - LDL (CHOL-L), cholesterol - VLDL (CHOL-V) and triglyceride (TG). We assayed 209 SNPs in 31 genes among members of Marwari families. After log-transformation and covariate-adjustment of the QTs, a two-step analysis was performed. In Step-1, data on unrelated individuals were analysed for association with the SNPs. In Step-2, for validation of Step-1 results, a quantitative transmission-disequilibrium test on parent- offspring data was performed for each SNP found to be significantly associated with a QT in Step-1 on an independent sample set drawn from the same population. Statistically significant results found for the various QTs and SNPs were: rs3774933, rs230528, rs230521, rs1005819 and rs1609798 (intronic, NFKB1) with APOB; rs5361 (Missense, R greatr than S, SELE) and rs4648004 (Intronic, NFKB1) with FBG; rs4220 (Missense, K greater than R, FGB) with HCY; and rs3025035 (Intronic, VEGFA) with CHOL-H. SNPs in SELE, VEGFA, FGB and NFKB1 genes impact significantly on levels of quantitative precursors of CAD in Marwaris.
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Larsson P, Ulfhammer E, Magnusson M, Bergh N, Lunke S, El-Osta A, Medcalf RL, Svensson PA, Karlsson L, Jern S. Role of histone acetylation in the stimulatory effect of valproic acid on vascular endothelial tissue-type plasminogen activator expression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31573. [PMID: 22363677 PMCID: PMC3282745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Stimulated release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is pivotal for an intravascular fibrinolytic response and protects the circulation from occluding thrombosis. Hence, an impaired t-PA production is associated with increased risk for atherothrombotic events. A pharmacological means to stimulate the production of this enzyme may thus be desirable. We investigated if the anti-epileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) is capable of enhancing t-PA expression in vitro in vascular endothelial cells, and further examined if its histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitory activity is of importance for regulating t-PA expression. Methods and Results Human endothelial cells were exposed to valproic acid and t-PA mRNA and protein levels were quantified. Potential changes in histone acetylation status globally and at the t-PA promoter were examined by western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Valproic acid dose-dependently stimulated t-PA mRNA and protein expression in endothelial cells reaching a 2–4-fold increase at clinically relevant concentrations and 10-fold increase at maximal concentrations. Transcription profiling analysis revealed that t-PA is selectively targeted by this agent. Augmented histone acetylation was detected at the t-PA transcription start site, and an attenuated VPA-response was observed with siRNA knock of HDAC3, HDAC5 and HDAC7. Conclusions Valproic acid induces t-PA expression in cultured endothelial cells, and this is associated with increased histone acetylation at the t-PA promoter. Given the apparent potency of valproic acid in stimulating t-PA expression in vitro this substance may be a candidate for pharmacological modulation of endogenous fibrinolysis in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Larsson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Ulfhammer
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mia Magnusson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Bergh
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert L. Medcalf
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Point, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Per-Arne Svensson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Karlsson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sverker Jern
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Titov BV, Barsova RM, Martynov MY, Nikonova AA, Favorov AV, Gusev EI, Favorova OO. Polymorphic variants of the genes encoding intrleukin-6 and fibrinogen: Risk for ischemic stroke and fibrinogen levels. Mol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893311060173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pushkov AA, Blagodatskikh KA, Nikitin AG, Agapkina YV, Brovkin AN, Chudakova DA, Evdokimova MA, Aseycheva OY, Osmolovskaya VS, Minushkina LO, Baklanova TN, Talyzin PA, Donetskaya OP, Tereschenko SN, Dzhaiani NA, Akanova EV, Glezer MG, Galyavich AS, Zakirova VB, Koziolova NA, Yagoda AV, Boyeva OI, Horolets EV, Shlyk SV, Volkova EG, Margaryan MP, Guz IO, Konstantinov VO, Sidorenko BA, Zeteyshchikov DA, Nosikov VV. Polymorphic markers Ala455Val of the THBD gene and Arg353Gln of the F7 gene and genetic association with unfavorable outcomes of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with a history of acute ischemic heart disease. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Guella I, Duga S, Ardissino D, Merlini PA, Peyvandi F, Mannucci PM, Asselta R. Common variants in the haemostatic gene pathway contribute to risk of early-onset myocardial infarction in the Italian population. Thromb Haemost 2011; 106:655-64. [PMID: 21901231 DOI: 10.1160/th11-04-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Occlusive coronary thrombus formation superimposed on an atherosclerotic plaque is the ultimate event leading to myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, haemostatic proteins may represent important players in the pathogenesis of MI. It was the objective of this study to evaluate, in a comprehensive way, the role of haemostatic gene polymorphisms in predisposition to premature MI. A total of 810 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 37 genes were assessed for association with MI in a large cohort (1,670 males, 210 females) of Italian patients who suffered from an MI event before the age of 45, and an equal number of controls. Thirty-eight SNPs selected from the literature were genotyped using the SNPlex technology, whereas genotypes for the remaining 772 SNPs were extracted from a previous genome-wide association study. Genotypes were analysed by a standard case-control analysis corrected for classical cardiovascular risk factors, and by haplotype analysis. A weighted Genetic Risk Score (GRS) was calculated. Evidence for association with MI after covariate correction was found for 35 SNPs in 12 loci: F5, PROS1, F11, ITGA2, F12, F13A1, SERPINE1, PLAT, VWF, THBD, PROCR, and F9. The weighted GRS was constructed by including the top SNP for each of the 12 associated loci. The GRS distribution was significantly different between cases and controls, and subjects in the highest quintile had a 2.69-fold increased risk for MI compared with those in the lowest quintile. Our results suggest that a GRS, based on the combined effect of several risk alleles in different haemostatic genes, is associated with an increased risk of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Guella
- Department of Biology and Genetics for Medical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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Tousoulis D, Papageorgiou N, Androulakis E, Briasoulis A, Antoniades C, Stefanadis C. Fibrinogen and cardiovascular disease: genetics and biomarkers. Blood Rev 2011; 25:239-45. [PMID: 21652129 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Several prospective epidemiological studies and clinical observations provided evidence regarding fibrinogen and coronary artery disease (CAD). Many of these studies firmly correlate fibrinogen with CAD. However, it is uncertain whether this relation is causal or reflects genetic variability and residual confounding by other risk factors. Several polymorphisms on fibrinogen chain genes affect its levels, however only few of the genetic variants are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. As regards the role of fibrinogen in myocardial infarction (MI) studies indicate that genetic variations have at best a modest impact on the process resulting in MI. Therefore, the screening of fibrinogen genes might not be useful for the assessment of the risk of MI. However, the findings that specific genotypes lead to specific differences in fibrinogen levels, but may not be linked to cardiovascular risk, complicates the hypothesis of causality of fibrinogen in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Tousoulis
- Athens University Medical School, Hippokration Hospital,Vasilissis Sofias 114, 115 28, Athens, Greece.
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Criado-García J, Fuentes F, Cruz-Teno C, García-Rios A, Jiménez-Morales A, Delgado-Lista J, Mata P, Alonso R, López-Miranda J, Pérez-Jiménez F. R353Q polymorphism in the factor VII gene and cardiovascular risk in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: a case-control study. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:50. [PMID: 21477332 PMCID: PMC3083367 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Certain polymorphisms of the factor VII gene have been associated with the development of coronary artery disease and there is a known association between factor VII levels and polymorphic variants in this gene. To date, no study has evaluated the association between factor VII and coronary artery disease in patients with FH. Results This case-control study comprised 720 patients (546 with FH and 174 controls). We determined the prevalence and allele frequencies of the R353Q polymorphism of factor VII, the plasma levels of factor VII antigen (FVII Ag) and whether they could be predictive factors for cardiovascular risk. 75% (410) of the patients with FH were RR, 23% (127) RQ and 1.6% (9) QQ; in the control group 75.3% (131) were RR, 21.3% (37) RQ and 3.4% (6) QQ (p = 0.32). No statistically significant associations were observed in the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies between case (FH) and control groups. Nor did we find differences when we evaluated the relationship between the R353Q polymorphism and cardiovascular risk (including coronary disease, ischemic stroke and peripheral arterial disease), either in the univariate analysis or after adjustment for sex, age, arterial hypertension, body mass index, xanthomas, diabetes, smoking, HDLc and LDLc and lipid-lowering treatment. The FVII Ag concentrations behaved in a similar fashion, with no differences for the interaction between controls and those with FH (RR vs. RQ/QQ; p = 0.96). In the subgroup of patients with FH no association was found among cardiovascular disease, genotype and FVII Ag levels (RR vs. RQ/QQ; p = 0.97). Conclusions Our study did not find a direct relationship between cardiovascular risk in patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia, the R353Q polymorphism of factor VII and FVII Ag levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Criado-García
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Medicine, IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
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Zakai NA, Lange L, Longstreth WT, O'Meara ES, Kelley JL, Fornage M, Nikerson D, Cushman M, Reiner AP. Association of coagulation-related and inflammation-related genes and factor VIIc levels with stroke: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:267-74. [PMID: 21114618 PMCID: PMC3030667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombosis and inflammation are critical in stroke etiology, but associations of coagulation and inflammation gene variants with stroke, and particularly factor VII levels, are inconclusive. OBJECTIVES To test the associations between 736 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between tagging haplotype patterns of 130 coagulation and inflammation genes, and stroke events, in the 5888 participants aged ≥ 65 years of the observational Cardiovascular Health Study cohort. PATIENTS/METHODS With 16 years of follow-up, age-adjusted and sex-adjusted Cox models were used to estimate associations of SNPs and FVIIc levels with future stroke. RESULTS Eight hundred and fifteen strokes occurred in 5255 genotyped participants without baseline stroke (748 ischemic strokes; 586 among whites). Among whites, six SNPs were associated with stroke, with a nominal P-value of < 0.01: rs6046 and rs3093261 (F7); rs4918851 and rs3781387 (HABP2); and rs3138055 (NFKB1A) and rs4648004 (NFKB1). Two of these SNPs were associated with FVIIc levels (units of percentage activity): rs6046 (β = -18.5, P = 2.38 × 10(-83)) and rs3093261 (β = 2.99, P = 3.93 × 10(-6)). After adjustment for age, sex, race, and cardiovascular risk factors, the association of FVIIc quintiles (Q) with stroke were as follows (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval): Q1, reference; Q2, 1.4, 1.1-1.9); Q3, 1.1, 0.8-1.5); Q4, 1.5, 1.1-2.0); and Q5, 1.6, 1.2-2.2). Associations between SNPs and stroke were independent of FVIIc levels. CONCLUSIONS Variations in FVII-related genes and FVIIc levels were associated with risk of incident ischemic stroke in this elderly cohort, suggesting a potential causal role for FVII in stroke etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Zakai
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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Association of genomic loci from a cardiovascular gene SNP array with fibrinogen levels in European Americans and African-Americans from six cohort studies: the Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe). Blood 2010; 117:268-75. [PMID: 20978265 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-06-289546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several common genomic loci, involving various immunity- and metabolism-related genes, have been associated with plasma fibrinogen in European Americans (EAs). The genetic determinants of fibrinogen in African Americans (AAs) are poorly characterized. Using a vascular gene-centric array in 23,634 EA and 6657 AA participants from 6 studies comprising the Candidate Gene Association Resource project, we examined the association of 47,539 common and lower frequency variants with fibrinogen concentration. We identified a rare Pro265Leu variant in FGB (rs6054) associated with lower fibrinogen. Common fibrinogen gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (FGB rs1800787 and FGG rs2066861) significantly associated with fibrinogen in EAs were prevalent in AAs and showed consistent associations. Several fibrinogen locus single nucleotide polymorphism associated with lower fibrinogen were exclusive to AAs; these include a newly reported association with FGA rs10050257. For IL6R, IL1RN, and NLRP3 inflammatory gene loci, associations with fibrinogen were concordant between EAs and AAs, but not at other loci (CPS1, PCCB, and SCL22A5-IRF1). The association of FGG rs2066861 with fibrinogen differed according to assay type used to measure fibrinogen. Further characterization of common and lower-frequency genetic variants that contribute to interpopulation differences in fibrinogen phenotype may help refine our understanding of the contribution of hemostasis and inflammation to atherothrombotic risk.
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Mannucci PM, Asselta R, Duga S, Guella I, Spreafico M, Lotta L, Merlini PA, Peyvandi F, Kathiresan S, Ardissino D. The association of factor V Leiden with myocardial infarction is replicated in 1880 patients with premature disease. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:2116-21. [PMID: 20626623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED AIMS Gain-of-function variants of genes encoding coagulation factor V (F5 G1691A) and prothrombin (F2 G20210A) cause hypercoagulability and are established risk factors for venous thrombosis. A meta-analysis of 66,155 cases and 91,307 controls found that either polymorphism is associated with a moderately increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Because genetic factors play a particularly important role when acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs in the young, we chose to replicate these results by investigating, in the frame of a case-control study, a large cohort of Italian patients who had AMI before the age of 45years. METHODS AND RESULTS In 1880 patients with AMI (1680 men and 210 women) and an equal number of controls, the minor A allele of F5 G1691A (2.6% frequency in cases and 1.7% in controls) was associated with an increased risk of AMI, the association remaining significant after adjustment for traditional risk factors (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.15-2.38; P=0.006). The positive association with AMI for the minor A allele of F2 G20210A (2.5% frequency in cases and 1.9% in controls) did not reach statistical significance (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.96-1.80; P=0.159). CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of young AMI patients the gain-of-function variant F5 G1691A was associated with an increased risk of AMI. The findings on the variant F2 G20210A confirmed the previously reported results, but the association was statistically not significant. These data suggest that a number of young patients with AMI carry gene variants associated with a procoagulant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Mannucci
- Centro Emofilia e Trombosi A. Bianchi Bonomi, Scientific Direction, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Sobti RC, Maithil N, Thakur H, Sharma Y, Talwar KK. Association of ACE and FACTOR VII gene variability with the risk of coronary heart disease in north Indian population. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 341:87-98. [PMID: 20364300 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Smith NL, Chen MH, Dehghan A, Strachan DP, Basu S, Soranzo N, Hayward C, Rudan I, Sabater-Lleal M, Bis JC, de Maat MPM, Rumley A, Kong X, Yang Q, Williams FMK, Vitart V, Campbell H, Mälarstig A, Wiggins KL, Van Duijn CM, McArdle WL, Pankow JS, Johnson AD, Silveira A, McKnight B, Uitterlinden AG, Aleksic N, Meigs JB, Peters A, Koenig W, Cushman M, Kathiresan S, Rotter JI, Bovill EG, Hofman A, Boerwinkle E, Tofler GH, Peden JF, Psaty BM, Leebeek F, Folsom AR, Larson MG, Spector TD, Wright AF, Wilson JF, Hamsten A, Lumley T, Witteman JCM, Tang W, O'Donnell CJ. Novel associations of multiple genetic loci with plasma levels of factor VII, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor: The CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genome Epidemiology) Consortium. Circulation 2010; 121:1382-92. [PMID: 20231535 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.869156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma levels of coagulation factors VII (FVII), VIII (FVIII), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) influence risk of hemorrhage and thrombosis. We conducted genome-wide association studies to identify new loci associated with plasma levels. METHODS AND RESULTS The setting of the study included 5 community-based studies for discovery comprising 23 608 European-ancestry participants: Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, British 1958 Birth Cohort, Framingham Heart Study, and Rotterdam Study. All subjects had genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) scans and at least 1 phenotype measured: FVII activity/antigen, FVIII activity, and vWF antigen. Each study used its genotype data to impute to HapMap SNPs and independently conducted association analyses of hemostasis measures using an additive genetic model. Study findings were combined by meta-analysis. Replication was conducted in 7604 participants not in the discovery cohort. For FVII, 305 SNPs exceeded the genome-wide significance threshold of 5.0x10(-8) and comprised 5 loci on 5 chromosomes: 2p23 (smallest P value 6.2x10(-24)), 4q25 (3.6x10(-12)), 11q12 (2.0x10(-10)), 13q34 (9.0x10(-259)), and 20q11.2 (5.7x10(-37)). Loci were within or near genes, including 4 new candidate genes and F7 (13q34). For vWF, 400 SNPs exceeded the threshold and marked 8 loci on 6 chromosomes: 6q24 (1.2x10(-22)), 8p21 (1.3x10(-16)), 9q34 (<5.0x10(-324)), 12p13 (1.7x10(-32)), 12q23 (7.3x10(-10)), 12q24.3 (3.8x10(-11)), 14q32 (2.3x10(-10)), and 19p13.2 (1.3x10(-9)). All loci were within genes, including 6 new candidate genes, as well as ABO (9q34) and VWF (12p13). For FVIII, 5 loci were identified and overlapped vWF findings. Nine of the 10 new findings were replicated. CONCLUSIONS New genetic associations were discovered outside previously known biological pathways and may point to novel prevention and treatment targets of hemostasis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash 98101, USA.
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Dehghan A, Yang Q, Peters A, Basu S, Bis JC, Rudnicka AR, Kavousi M, Chen MH, Baumert J, Lowe GDO, McKnight B, Tang W, de Maat M, Larson MG, Eyhermendy S, McArdle WL, Lumley T, Pankow JS, Hofman A, Massaro JM, Rivadeneira F, Kolz M, Taylor KD, van Duijn CM, Kathiresan S, Illig T, Aulchenko YS, Volcik KA, Johnson AD, Uitterlinden AG, Tofler GH, Gieger C, Psaty BM, Couper DJ, Boerwinkle E, Koenig W, O'Donnell CJ, Witteman JC, Strachan DP, Smith NL, Folsom AR. Association of novel genetic Loci with circulating fibrinogen levels: a genome-wide association study in 6 population-based cohorts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 2:125-33. [PMID: 20031576 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.108.825224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen is both central to blood coagulation and an acute-phase reactant. We aimed to identify common variants influencing circulation fibrinogen levels. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a genome-wide association analysis on 6 population-based studies, the Rotterdam Study, the Framingham Heart Study, the Cardiovascular Health Study, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, the Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease/KORA Augsburg Study, and the British 1958 Birth Cohort Study, including 22 096 participants of European ancestry. Four loci were marked by 1 or more single-nucleotide polymorphisms that demonstrated genome-wide significance (P<5.0 x 10(-8)). These included a single-nucleotide polymorphism located in the fibrinogen beta chain (FGB) gene and 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms representing newly identified loci. The high-signal single-nucleotide polymorphisms were rs1800789 in exon 7 of FGB (P=1.8 x 10(-30)), rs2522056 downstream from the interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) gene (P=1.3 x 10(-15)), rs511154 within intron 1 of the propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase (PCCB) gene (P=5.9 x 10(-10)), and rs1539019 on the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 isoforms (NLRP3) gene (P=1.04 x 10(-8)). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight biological pathways that may be important in regulation of inflammation underlying cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Kaur P, Reis MD, Couchman GR, Forjuoh SN, Greene JF, Asea A. SERPINE 1 Links Obesity and Diabetes: A Pilot Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 3:191-199. [PMID: 21113241 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade there has been a dramatic increase in the number of Americans considered obese. Over this same period, the number of individuals diagnosed with diabetes has increased by over 40%. Interestingly, in a great number of cases individuals considered obese develop diabetes later on. Although a link between obesity and diabetes has been suggested, conclusive scientific evidence is thus far just beginning to emerge. The present pilot study is designed to identify a possible link between obesity and diabetes. The plasma proteome is a desirable biological sample due to their accessibility and representative complexity due, in part, to the wide dynamic range of protein concentrations, which lead to the discovery of new protein markers. Here we present the results for the specific depletion of 14 high-abundant proteins from the plasma samples of obese and diabetic patients. Comparative proteomic profiling of plasma from individuals with either diabetes or obesity and individuals with both obesity and diabetes revealed SERPINE 1 as a possible candidate protein of interest, which might be a link between obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Kaur
- Department of Pathology, Scott & White Memorial Hospital and Clinic, and the Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504 USA
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Morange PE, Tregouet DA. Deciphering the molecular basis of venous thromboembolism: where are we and where should we go? Br J Haematol 2009; 148:495-506. [PMID: 19912223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent disease that has a major genetic component of risk. However, known identified genetic risk factors account for <30% of idiopathic (without any environmental origin) VTE cases. This article aims to review the lessons learnt during recent decades in the field of the genetics of VTE, describe the present state-of-art methods and discuss promising themes for finding new susceptibility loci.
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Antihypertensive pharmacogenetic effect of fibrinogen-beta variant -455G>A on cardiovascular disease, end-stage renal disease, and mortality: the GenHAT study. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2009; 19:415-21. [PMID: 19352213 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32832a8e81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The FGB gene codes for fibrinogen-beta, a polypeptide of the coagulation factor fibrinogen, which is positively associated with cardiovascular diseases. Studies show that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors lower plasma fibrinogen concentrations, whereas diuretics and calcium-channel blockers do not. As carriers of the FGB-455 minor 'A' allele have higher levels of fibrinogen while ACE inhibitors lower it, we hypothesize that 'A' allele carriers benefit more from antihypertensive treatment with ACE inhibitors than calcium-channel blockers or diuretics, relative to 'GG' genotype individuals. METHODS The Genetics of Hypertension Associated Treatment (GenHAT) study [ancillary to Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)] genotyped hypertensive participants for several hypertension-related candidate genes, making this a post-hoc analysis of a randomized trial. In total, 90.1% of the ALLHAT population was successfully genotyped for FGB-455. We included participants (n=30 076) randomized to one of three antihypertensive medications (lisinopril, amlodipine, chlorthalidone), with two treatment comparisons: lisinopril versus chlorthalidone and lisinopril versus amlodipine. The primary outcome of ALLHAT/GenHAT was coronary heart disease, defined as fatal coronary heart disease or non-fatal myocardial infarction, and secondary outcomes included stroke, heart failure, all-cause mortality, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with mean follow-up time of 4.9 years. Genotype-by-treatment interactions (pharmacogenetic effects) were tested with the Cox regression. RESULTS Stroke: common 'GG' homozygotes had higher risk on lisinopril versus amlodipine [hazard ratio (HR)=1.38, P<0.001], whereas minor 'A' allele carriers had slightly lower risk (HR=0.96, P=0.76; P value for interaction=0.03). Mortality: 'GG' homozygotes had higher risk on lisinopril versus amlodipine (HR=1.12, P=0.02) or chlorthalidone (1.05, P=0.23), whereas 'A' allele carriers had slightly lower risk (HR=0.92, P=0.33 for lisinopril versus amlodipine; HR=0.88, P=0.08 for lisinopril versus chlorthalidone; P value for interactions 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). ESRD: 'GG' homozygotes had higher risk on lisinopril versus chlorthalidone (HR=1.27, P=0.08), whereas 'A' allele carriers had lower risk (HR=0.64, P=0.12; P value for interaction=0.03). CONCLUSION There was evidence of pharmacogenetic effects of FGB-455 on stroke, ESRD, and mortality, suggesting that relative to those homozygous for the common allele, variant allele carriers of the FGB gene at position -455 have a better outcome if randomized to lisinopril than chlorthalidone (for mortality and ESRD) or amlodipine (for mortality and stroke). For the models in which a pharmacogenetic effect was observed, the outcome rates among 'GG' homozygotes were higher in those randomized to lisinopril versus amlodipine or chlorthalidone, whereas minor 'A' allele carriers had lower event rates when randomized to lisinopril versus the other medications.
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Peters A, Greven S, Heid IM, Baldari F, Breitner S, Bellander T, Chrysohoou C, Illig T, Jacquemin B, Koenig W, Lanki T, Nyberg F, Pekkanen J, Pistelli R, Rückerl R, Stefanadis C, Schneider A, Sunyer J, Wichmann HE. Fibrinogen Genes Modify the Fibrinogen Response to Ambient Particulate Matter. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179:484-91. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200805-751oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Danik JS, Paré G, Chasman DI, Zee RYL, Kwiatkowski DJ, Parker A, Miletich JP, Ridker PM. Novel loci, including those related to Crohn disease, psoriasis, and inflammation, identified in a genome-wide association study of fibrinogen in 17 686 women: the Women's Genome Health Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 2:134-41. [PMID: 20031577 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.108.825273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen is a multifunctional circulating glycoprotein involved in wound healing, thrombosis, platelet aggregation, and inflammation, and elevated levels predict vascular disease. Despite evidence of crucial biological function and moderate heritability, comprehensive analysis of the influence of genetic variation on fibrinogen is not available. METHODS AND RESULTS To address this issue, we undertook a genome-wide association study evaluating the potential relationships between 337 343 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and plasma fibrinogen levels among 17 686 apparently healthy women participating in the Women's Genome Health Study. As C-reactive protein is also an inflammatory marker known to predict cardiovascular diseases, we compared the determinants of fibrinogen levels with those of C-reactive protein. Four novel loci were identified, in addition to the fibrinogen gene cluster, which were associated with fibrinogen levels at genome-wide levels of significance (range of probability values from 8.82 x 10(-09) to 8.04 x 10(-39)). Two of the loci are related to common chronic inflammatory diseases: the first, at locus 5q31.1 (SLC22A5, SLC22A4, IRF1), lies immediately adjacent to a locus linked to Crohn disease (P value for lead SNP, 1.24 x 10(-12)) and the second, at locus 17q25.1 (CD300LF, SLC9A3R1, NAT9), has been associated with psoriasis (P value for lead SNP, 7.72 x 10(-11)). A third locus at 1q21.3 (IL6R) lies within the interleukin 6 receptor gene, a critical component of the inflammatory cascade (P value for lead SNP, 1.80 x 10(-11)). A novel locus at 2q34 (CPSI) participates in the urea cycle (P=8.82 x 10(-09)). The majority of implicated SNPs showed little evidence of dual association with C-reactive protein levels. CONCLUSIONS A genome-wide survey of the human genome identifies novel loci related to common chronic inflammatory diseases as genetic determinants of fibrinogen levels, in addition to loci that relate to the inflammatory cascade, the urea cycle, and the fibrinogen gene cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Danik
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Donald W. Reynolds Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Translational Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave. East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Osterlund B, Jern S, Jern C, Seeman-Lodding H, Ostman M, Johansson G, Biber B. Impaired myocardial t-PA release in patients with coronary artery disease. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52:1375-84. [PMID: 19025531 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial ischemia remains a significant perioperative complication in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. We hypothesized that noxious stimuli during major surgery are associated with an acute release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) into the coronary circulation, and that this response is reduced by CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS Two patient groups, with (n=14) and without (n=8) CAD, were studied during the initial phase of heart surgery. After retrograde great cardiac vein catheterizations during closed-chest conditions, coronary arterial-venous concentration gradients of t-PA and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) were measured together with coronary blood flow measurements, allowing derivation of coronary net release rates. Pre-surgery atrial pacing, performed to evaluate the influence of increases in heart rate (+ 40 beats/min) and coronary blood flow (+ 80 ml/min), did not significantly alter coronary net release of t-PA or PAI-1 in either patient group. Sternotomy induced a prominent increase in coronary net release of both total and active t-PA in the non-CAD group. This response was considerably reduced in the CAD group. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first analysis of coronary t-PA release during major surgery and demonstrates a deficient local endothelial t-PA release in patients with CAD. This suggests a reduced local fibrinolytic capacity in CAD patients, which may explain the increased risk for coronary thrombosis in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Osterlund
- Surgical and Perioperative Science, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Jacquemin B, Antoniades C, Nyberg F, Plana E, Müller M, Greven S, Salomaa V, Sunyer J, Bellander T, Chalamandaris AG, Pistelli R, Koenig W, Peters A. Common Genetic Polymorphisms and Haplotypes of Fibrinogen Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Chains Affect Fibrinogen Levels and the Response to Proinflammatory Stimulation in Myocardial Infarction Survivors. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52:941-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Best LG, North KE, Li X, Palmieri V, Umans JG, MacCluer J, Laston S, Haack K, Goring H, Diego VP, Almasy L, Lee ET, Tracy RP, Cole S. Linkage study of fibrinogen levels: the Strong Heart Family Study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2008; 9:77. [PMID: 18700015 PMCID: PMC2518547 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-9-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves both hemostatic and inflammatory mechanisms. Fibrinogen is associated with both risk of thrombosis and inflammation. A recent meta-analysis showed that risk of coronary heart disease may increase 1.8 fold for 1 g/L of increased fibrinogen, independent of traditional risk factors. It is known that fibrinogen levels may be influenced by demographic, environmental and genetic factors. Epidemiologic and candidate gene studies are available; but few genome-wide linkage studies have been conducted, particularly in minority populations. The Strong Heart Study has demonstrated an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in the American Indian population, and therefore represents an important source for genetic-epidemiological investigations. Methods The Strong Heart Family Study enrolled over 3,600 American Indian participants in large, multi-generational families, ascertained from an ongoing population-based study in the same communities. Fibrinogen was determined using standard technique in a central laboratory and extensive additional phenotypic measures were obtained. Participants were genotyped for 382 short tandem repeat markers distributed throughout the genome; and results were analyzed using a variance decomposition method, as implemented in the SOLAR 2.0 program. Results Data from 3535 participants were included and after step-wise, linear regression analysis, two models were selected for investigation. Basic demographic adjustments constituted model 1, while model 2 considered waist circumference, diabetes mellitus and postmenopausal status as additional covariates. Five LOD scores between 1.82 and 3.02 were identified, with the maximally adjusted model showing the highest score on chromosome 7 at 28 cM. Genes for two key components of the inflammatory response, i.e. interleukin-6 and "signal transducer and activator of transcription 3" (STAT3), were identified within 2 and 8 Mb of this 1 LOD drop interval respectively. A LOD score of 1.82 on chromosome 17 between 68 and 93 cM is supported by reports from two other populations with LOD scores of 1.4 and 1.95. Conclusion In a minority population with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease, strong evidence for a novel genetic determinant of fibrinogen levels is found on chromosome 7 at 28 cM. Four other loci, some of which have been suggested by previous studies, were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle G Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc, Timber Lake, SD, USA.
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Influence of fibrinogen β-chain gene variations on risk of myocardial infarction in a Chinese Han population. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200808020-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Jood K, Danielson J, Ladenvall C, Blomstrand C, Jern C. Fibrinogen gene variation and ischemic stroke. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:897-904. [PMID: 18331453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma fibrinogen level and fibrin clot structure are heritable traits that may be of importance in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between variation in the fibrinogen gamma (FGG), alpha (FGA) and beta (FGB) genes, fibrinogen level, and ischemic stroke. METHODS The Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke comprises 600 cases and 600 matched population controls. Stroke subtypes were defined according to TOAST criteria. Plasma fibrinogen level was measured by an automated clot-rate assay. Eight tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected to capture genetic variation in the FGA, FGG, and FGB genes. RESULTS Plasma fibrinogen was independently associated with overall ischemic stroke and all subtypes, both in the acute stage (P < 0.001) and at three-month follow-up (P < 0.05). SNPs belonged to two haplotype blocks, one containing the FGB gene and the other the FGG and FGA genes. FGB haplotypes were associated with fibrinogen level (P < 0.01), but not with ischemic stroke. In contrast, FGG/FGA haplotypes showed independent association to ischemic stroke but not to fibrinogen level. In an additive model with the most common FGG/FGA haplotype (A1) as reference, the adjusted odds ratios of ischemic stroke were 1.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1-1.8], P < 0.01, 1.4 (95% CI 1.0-1.8), P < 0.05, and 1.5 (95% CI 1.0-2.1), P < 0.05 for the A2, A3, and A4 FGG/FGA haplotypes, respectively. CONCLUSION FGG/FGA haplotypes show association to ischemic stroke. This association is independent of fibrinogen level, thus suggesting that the association between ischemic stroke and variation at the FGG/FGA genes is mediated by qualitative rather than quantitative effects on fibrin(ogen).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jood
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Larsson P, Ulfhammer E, Karlsson L, Bokarewa M, Wåhlander K, Jern S. Effects of IL-1beta and IL-6 on tissue-type plasminogen activator expression in vascular endothelial cells. Thromb Res 2008; 123:342-51. [PMID: 18502475 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increased risk of thrombus formation in inflammatory conditions is generally considered to be due to the pro-coagulant effect of inflammatory cytokines. However, cytokines may also decrease the expression of the key fibrinolytic enzyme tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) causing a reduced clearance of emerging intravascular thrombi. This study investigated the effects of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 on t-PA gene and protein expression, and elucidated by which signaling mechanisms the effects are mediated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to recombinant IL-1beta or IL-6. t-PA mRNA was quantified by real-time RT-PCR and t-PA antigen by ELISA. To clarify signaling mechanisms, selective inhibitors of major cytokine-activated signaling pathways were used. Interactions of nuclear proteins with potential t-PA gene regulatory elements were studied by gel shift assays. RESULTS Already at low concentrations, IL-1beta caused a distinct suppression of t-PA transcript and protein levels, mediated primarily by NF-kappaB signaling. This cytokine also increased binding of NF-kappaB subunits to a t-PA specific kappaB element. IL-6 stimulation per se did not affect t-PA mRNA or protein levels whereas soluble IL-6 receptor, in the presence of endogenous IL-6, suppressed t-PA expression. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta impairs fibrinolytic capacity in vascular endothelial cells by an NF-kappaB dependent suppression of t-PA expression. In contrast, an effect of IL-6 on t-PA expression could not be detected, probably due to lack of IL-6 receptor expression on HUVEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Larsson
- Department of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Jaquish CE. The Framingham Heart Study, on its way to becoming the gold standard for Cardiovascular Genetic Epidemiology? BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2007; 8:63. [PMID: 17916250 PMCID: PMC2151937 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-8-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Framingham Heart Study, founded in 1948 to examine the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in a small town outside of Boston, has become the worldwide standard for cardiovascular epidemiology. It is among the longest running, most comprehensively characterized multi-generational studies in the world. Such seminal findings as the effects of smoking and high cholesterol on heart disease came from the Framingham Heart Study. At the time of publication these were novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, now they are the basis of treatment and prevention in the US. Is the Framingham study now on it's way to becoming the gold standard for genetic epidemiology of CVD? Will the novel genetic findings of today become the health care standards of tomorrow? The accompanying articles summarizing the results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) give the reader a first glimpse into the possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cashell E Jaquish
- Division of Prevention and Population Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Rockledge Drive, MSC 7936 Suite 10018, Bethesda, MD 20892-7936, USA.
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Yang Q, Kathiresan S, Lin JP, Tofler GH, O'Donnell CJ. Genome-wide association and linkage analyses of hemostatic factors and hematological phenotypes in the Framingham Heart Study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2007; 8 Suppl 1:S12. [PMID: 17903294 PMCID: PMC1995619 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-8-s1-s12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased circulating levels of hemostatic factors as well as anemia have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Known associations between hemostatic factors and sequence variants at genes encoding these factors explain only a small proportion of total phenotypic variation. We sought to confirm known putative loci and identify novel loci that may influence either trait in genome-wide association and linkage analyses using the Affymetrix GeneChip 100K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set. METHODS Plasma levels of circulating hemostatic factors (fibrinogen, factor VII, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, von Willebrand factor, tissue plasminogen activator, D-dimer) and hematological phenotypes (platelet aggregation, viscosity, hemoglobin, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) were obtained in approximately 1000 Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants from 310 families. Population-based association analyses using the generalized estimating equations (GEE), family-based association test (FBAT), and multipoint variance components linkage analyses were performed on the multivariable adjusted residuals of hemostatic and hematological phenotypes. RESULTS In association analysis, the lowest GEE p-value for hemostatic factors was p = 4.5*10(-16) for factor VII at SNP rs561241, a variant located near the F7 gene and in complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) (r2 = 1) with the Arg353Gln F7 SNP previously shown to account for 9% of total phenotypic variance. The lowest GEE p-value for hematological phenotypes was 7*10(-8) at SNP rs2412522 on chromosome 4 for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. We presented top 25 most significant GEE results with p-values in the range of 10(-6) to 10(-5) for hemostatic or hematological phenotypes. In relating 100K SNPs to known candidate genes, we identified two SNPs (rs1582055, rs4897475) in erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 2 (EPB41L2) associated with hematological phenotypes (GEE p < 10(-3)). In linkage analyses, the highest linkage LOD score for hemostatic factors was 3.3 for factor VII on chromosome 10 around 15 Mb, and for hematological phenotypes, LOD 3.4 for hemoglobin on chromosome 4 around 55 Mb. All GEE and FBAT association and variance components linkage results can be found at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?id=phs000007 webcite. CONCLUSION Using genome-wide association methodology, we have successfully identified a SNP in complete LD with a sequence variant previously shown to be strongly associated with factor VII, providing proof of principle for this approach. Further study of additional strongly associated SNPs and linked regions may identify novel variants that influence the inter-individual variability in hemostatic factors and hematological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yang
- The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing-Ping Lin
- Office of Biostatistics Research, NHLBI, National Institute of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Baek KH, Lee EJ, Kim YS. Recurrent pregnancy loss: the key potential mechanisms. Trends Mol Med 2007; 13:310-7. [PMID: 17574920 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), which occurs in 0.5%-1% of total pregnancies, is usually defined as three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions before 20 weeks of gestation. Although an immunology-based etiology underlying unexplained RPL has been demonstrated, the exact molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Recent studies using transcriptomics and proteomics have implicated several factors. Here, we review the key possible mechanisms, in particular immunological abnormalities and thrombophilic aberration, that might underlie RPL. Taken together, these findings provide insight into the development of effective therapeutics for RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Graduate School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Cell and Gene Therapy Research Institute, Pochon CHA University, CHA General Hospital, Seoul 135-081, South Korea.
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Neerman-Arbez M, de Moerloose P. Mutations in the fibrinogen gene cluster accounting for congenital afibrinogenemia: an update and report of 10 novel mutations. Hum Mutat 2007; 28:540-53. [PMID: 17295221 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen is synthesized in hepatocytes in the form of a hexamer composed of two sets of three polypeptides (Aalpha, Bbeta, and gamma). Each polypeptide is encoded by a distinct gene, FGA, FGB, and FGG, all three clustered in a region of 50 kb on 4q31. Congenital afibrinogenemia is characterized by the complete absence of fibrinogen, the precursor of the major protein constituent of the blood clot, fibrin. Although the disease was first described in 1920, the genetic defect responsible for this disorder long remained unknown. We identified the gene and the first causative mutations for this disease in a nonconsanguineous Swiss family in 1999. Since this first report, 61 additional mutations, the majority in FGA, have been identified in patients with afibrinogenemia (in homozygosity or in compound heterozygosity) or in heterozygosity in hypofibrinogenemia, since many of these patients are in fact asymptomatic carriers of afibrinogenemia mutations. Mutations in the fibrinogen genes may lead to deficiency of fibrinogen by several mechanisms: these can act at the DNA level, at the RNA level by affecting mRNA splicing or stability, or at the protein level by affecting protein synthesis, assembly, or secretion. The expression of selected mutations has shown that mechanisms acting at all three levels play a role in the molecular basis of this disease. We report here the identification of 10 novel mutations, of which eight are localized in FGA, thus increasing the total number of causative mutations identified to 72 and confirming the relative importance of FGA in the molecular basis of fibrinogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Neerman-Arbez
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Wang Z, Rowley K, Best J, McDermott R, Taylor M, O'Dea K. Hemostatic factors in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. Metabolism 2007; 56:629-35. [PMID: 17445537 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hemostatic processes are important in precipitating myocardial infarction and stroke. Elevated plasma fibrinogen is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but the results of previous studies on the association of plasma factor VIIc activity with CVD and diabetes have been inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to explore the association of plasma fibrinogen and factor VIIc to clinical characteristics and estimated coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Cross-sectional surveys of Australian Aboriginal people (n = 852) and Torres Strait Islanders (n = 276) aged 15 years and older were conducted from 1993 to 1995. Anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, fasting plasma fibrinogen, factor VIIc, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were measured. Levels of fibrinogen (mean, 95% confidence interval) for Aboriginal (3.52, 3.44-3.59 g/L) and Torres Strait Islander people (3.62, 3.49-3.75 g/L) were higher compared with previous reports from other populations. Factor VIIc (mean, 95% confidence interval) was especially high in Torres Strait Islanders (116%, 111%-122%) compared with Aboriginal people (99%, 97%-102%). Fibrinogen increased with age in both ethnic groups and sexes. Fibrinogen was independently associated with female sex, body mass index, renal dysfunction, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and diabetes, whereas the independent predictors for factor VIIc were Torres Strait Islander ethnicity, female sex, body mass index, renal dysfunction, and total cholesterol. Average fibrinogen levels were high (>3.5 mg/dL) even for people considered "below average risk of coronary heart disease" according to conventional risk factor levels. For Aboriginal women, levels of fibrinogen and factor VIIc were significantly higher for persons at high risk than those at below average risk. The data suggest that plasma fibrinogen and factor VIIc might be important factors mediating the elevated CVD in Australian Indigenous Peoples. These data may have implications for prevention and treatment of CVD in Australian Indigenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaimin Wang
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Christiansen VJ, Jackson KW, Lee KN, McKee PA. The effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism on human alpha 2-antiplasmin activity. Blood 2007; 109:5286-92. [PMID: 17317851 PMCID: PMC1890835 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-01-065185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary inhibitor of plasmin, alpha(2)-antiplasmin (alpha(2)AP), is secreted by the liver into plasma with Met as the amino-terminus. During circulation, Met-alpha(2)AP is cleaved by antiplasmin-cleaving enzyme (APCE), yielding Asn-alpha(2)AP, which is crosslinked into fibrin approximately 13 times faster than Met-alpha(2)AP. The Met-alpha(2)AP gene codes for either Arg or Trp as the sixth amino acid, with both polymorphic forms found in human plasma samples. We determined the Arg6Trp genotype frequency in a healthy population and its effects on Met-alpha(2)AP cleavage and fibrinolysis. Genotype frequencies were RR 62.5%, RW 34.0%, and WW 3.5%. The polymorphism related to the percentage of Met-alpha(2)AP in plasma was WW (56.4%), RW (40.6%), and RR (23.6%). WW plasma tended to have shorter lysis times than RR and RW plasmas. APCE cleaved purified Met-alpha(2)AP(Arg6) approximately 8-fold faster than Met-alpha(2)AP(Trp6), which is reflected in Asn-alpha(2)AP/Met-alpha(2)AP ratios with time in RR, RW, and WW plasmas. Removal of APCE from plasma abrogated cleavage of Met-alpha(2)AP. We conclude that the Arg6Trp polymorphism is functionally significant, as it clearly affects conversion of Met-alpha(2)AP to Asn-alpha(2)AP, and thereby, the rate of alpha(2)AP incorporation into fibrin. Therefore, the Arg6Trp polymorphism may play a significant role in governing the long-term deposition/removal of intravascular fibrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Christiansen
- William K. Warren Medical Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA.
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Cupples LA, Arruda HT, Benjamin EJ, D'Agostino RB, Demissie S, DeStefano AL, Dupuis J, Falls KM, Fox CS, Gottlieb DJ, Govindaraju DR, Guo CY, Heard-Costa NL, Hwang SJ, Kathiresan S, Kiel DP, Laramie JM, Larson MG, Levy D, Liu CY, Lunetta KL, Mailman MD, Manning AK, Meigs JB, Murabito JM, Newton-Cheh C, O'Connor GT, O'Donnell CJ, Pandey M, Seshadri S, Vasan RS, Wang ZY, Wilk JB, Wolf PA, Yang Q, Atwood LD. The Framingham Heart Study 100K SNP genome-wide association study resource: overview of 17 phenotype working group reports. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2007; 8 Suppl 1:S1. [PMID: 17903291 PMCID: PMC1995613 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-8-s1-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Framingham Heart Study (FHS), founded in 1948 to examine the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease, is among the most comprehensively characterized multi-generational studies in the world. Many collected phenotypes have substantial genetic contributors; yet most genetic determinants remain to be identified. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a 100K genome-wide scan, we examine the associations of common polymorphisms with phenotypic variation in this community-based cohort and provide a full-disclosure, web-based resource of results for future replication studies. METHODS Adult participants (n = 1345) of the largest 310 pedigrees in the FHS, many biologically related, were genotyped with the 100K Affymetrix GeneChip. These genotypes were used to assess their contribution to 987 phenotypes collected in FHS over 56 years of follow up, including: cardiovascular risk factors and biomarkers; subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease; cancer and longevity traits; and traits in pulmonary, sleep, neurology, renal, and bone domains. We conducted genome-wide variance components linkage and population-based and family-based association tests. RESULTS The participants were white of European descent and from the FHS Original and Offspring Cohorts (examination 1 Offspring mean age 32 +/- 9 years, 54% women). This overview summarizes the methods, selected findings and limitations of the results presented in the accompanying series of 17 manuscripts. The presented association results are based on 70,897 autosomal SNPs meeting the following criteria: minor allele frequency > or + 10%, genotype call rate > or = 80%, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium p-value > or = 0.001, and satisfying Mendelian consistency. Linkage analyses are based on 11,200 SNPs and short-tandem repeats. Results of phenotype-genotype linkages and associations for all autosomal SNPs are posted on the NCBI dbGaP website at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?id=phs000007 webcite. CONCLUSION We have created a full-disclosure resource of results, posted on the dbGaP website, from a genome-wide association study in the FHS. Because we used three analytical approaches to examine the association and linkage of 987 phenotypes with thousands of SNPs, our results must be considered hypothesis-generating and need to be replicated. Results from the FHS 100K project with NCBI web posting provides a resource for investigators to identify high priority findings for replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Adrienne Cupples
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather T Arruda
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita L DeStefano
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Falls
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Caroline S Fox
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel J Gottlieb
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diddahally R Govindaraju
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao-Yu Guo
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy L Heard-Costa
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hebrew SeniorLife: Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason M Laramie
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - James B Meigs
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George T O'Connor
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mona Pandey
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhen Y Wang
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jemma B Wilk
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip A Wolf
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larry D Atwood
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Alhenc-Gelas M, Aiach M. Anomalies constitutionnelles de la coagulation prédisposant à la thrombose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1155-1984(07)46642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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