1
|
Heitaku S, Sasase T, Sotani T, Maki M, Kawai T, Morinaga H, Nishiu J. JTT-654, an 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor, improves hypertension and diabetic kidney injury by suppressing angiotensinogen production. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:246-255. [PMID: 38485342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) plays an important role in regulating the expression of glucocorticoid actions in target tissues. Overexpression of 11β-HSD1 in mouse adipose tissue causes a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype, leading to hypertension. Although, many 11β-HSD1 inhibitors have been studied, few have shown a clear ameliorative effect against hypertension. We investigated whether JTT-654, a novel 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, ameliorated hypertension and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. JTT-654 showed inhibitory effects on angiotensinogen production in cortisone-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in a rat model. JTT-654 improved hypertension not only in cortisone-treated rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), but also in SHR/NDmcr-cp rats. In the SHR study, JTT-654 and losartan showed the same degree of antihypertensive efficacy. In addition, JTT-654 ameliorated diabetic nephropathy by suppressing renal angiotensinogen production in SHR/NDmcr-cp rats. These effects of JTT-654 were independent of its insulin-sensitizing effects, and similar effects were not observed for pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer. Moreover, JTT-654 did not affect normotension or hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in normal Sprague-Dawley rats. Our results indicate that JTT-654 ameliorates hypertension and diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting 11β-HSD1 in the adipose tissue, liver, and kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Heitaku
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Sotani
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Mimi Maki
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Hisayo Morinaga
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Jun Nishiu
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonzalez AA, Visniauskas B, Reverte V, Sure VN, Vallotton Z, Torres BS, Acosta MA, Zemedkun M, Katakam PV, Prieto MC. Urinary Angiotensinogen Displays Sexual Dimorphism in Non-Diabetic Humans and Mice with Overweight. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:635. [PMID: 38203807 PMCID: PMC10779427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased body weight (BW) induces inappropriate renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation. The activation of the intrarenal RAS is associated with increased urinary angiotensinogen (uAGT), blood pressure (BP), and kidney damage. Here, we examined uAGT excretion levels in young non-diabetic human subjects with overweight (OW) and non-diabetic mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced OW. Human subjects (women and men; 20-28 years old) included two groups: (a) overweight (OW, n = 17, BMI ≥ 25); and (b) controls (normal weight (NW; n = 26, BMI ≤ 25). In these subjects, we measured BP, albuminuria, and protein levels of uAGT by ELISA adjusted by urinary creatinine (expressed by uAGT/uCrea). Mice (female and male C57BL/6J mice, 8 ± 2 weeks of age) also included two groups: HFD or normal fat diet (NFD) fed for 8 weeks. We measured BW, fasting blood glucose (FBG), BP by telemetry, albuminuria, and uAGT by ELISA. In humans: (i) no significant changes were observed in BP, albuminuria, and FBG when comparing NW and OW subjects; (ii) multivariate logistic regression analysis of independent predictors related to uAGT/uCrea levels demonstrated a strong association between uAGT and overweight; (iii) urinary reactive oxygen species (ROS) were augmented in men and women with OW; (iv) the uAGT/uCrea ratio was higher in men with OW. However, the uAGT/uCrea values were lower in women even with OW. In mice: (i) males fed an HFD for 8 weeks became OW while females did not; (ii) no changes were observed either in FBG, BP, or albuminuria; (iii) kidney ROS were augmented in OW male mice after 28 weeks but not in females; (iv) OW male mice showed augmented excretion of uAGT but this was undetectable in females fed either NFD or HFD. In humans and mice who are OW, the urinary excretion of AGT differs between males and females and overcomes overt albuminuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile
| | - Bruna Visniauskas
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension Core, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Virginia Reverte
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension Core, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ventaka N. Sure
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zoe Vallotton
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension Core, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Bryan S. Torres
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension Core, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Marco A. Acosta
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension Core, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mahlet Zemedkun
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension Core, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Prasad V. Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Minolfa C. Prieto
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension Core, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Renal and Hypertension Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akin A, Demir AK, Özmen ZC. Serum and urinary angiotensinogen levels as prognostic indicators in acute kidney injury: a prospective study. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20230716. [PMID: 37971126 PMCID: PMC10645166 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The delayed increase in serum creatinine levels poses challenges in the timely diagnosis of acute kidney injury. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum angiotensinogen and urinary angiotensinogen levels and the prognosis of renal function in patients diagnosed with acute kidney injury. METHODS A total of 79 newly diagnosed acute kidney injury patients aged 18 years and older were enrolled. Serum angiotensinogen and urinary angiotensinogen levels were measured at the onset of the disease, as well as on the 15th and 30th days of follow-up. After 3 months, renal function was evaluated by measuring serum creatinine levels. RESULTS Among the acute kidney injury patients, those in Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes stage 3 exhibited significantly higher urinary angiotensinogen/urine creatinine levels compared with stages 1 and 2 patients at the time of diagnosis (p<0.05). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between the urinary angiotensinogen/urine creatinine level at the time of diagnosis and the serum creatinine level at the third month (r=0.408, p=0.048). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that urinary angiotensinogen levels can serve as an indicator of the severity of acute kidney injury. Monitoring urinary angiotensinogen levels could potentially contribute to the prognosis assessment and management of acute kidney injury patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akin
- Şanlıurfa Mehmet Akif İnan Training and Research Hospital, Internal Medıcıne – Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Kevser Demir
- Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine – Samsun, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Cansel Özmen
- Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Hospital, Medical Biochemistry – Tokat, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Youn EK, Cho HM, Jung JK, Yoon GE, Eto M, Kim JI. Pathologic HDAC1/c-Myc signaling axis is responsible for angiotensinogen transcription and hypertension induced by high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114926. [PMID: 37244179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is a cause of resistant hypertension. We have shown a possible link between histone deacetylases (HDACs) and renal angiotensinogen (Agt) upregulation in the HFD-induced hypertension, whereas the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, using a HDAC1/2 inhibitor romidepsin (FK228) and siRNAs, we determined roles of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in HFD-induced hypertension and found the pathologic signaling axis between HDAC1 and Agt transcription. Treatment with FK228 canceled the increased blood pressure of male C57BL/6 mice induced by HFD. FK228 also blocked upregulation of renal Agt mRNA, protein, angiotensin II (Ang II) or serum Ang II. Activation and nuclear accumulation of both HDAC1 and HDAC2 occurred in the HFD group. The HFD-induced HDAC activation was associated with an increase in deacetylated c-Myc transcription factor. Silencing of HDAC1, HDAC2 or c-Myc in HRPTEpi cells decreased Agt expression. However, only HDAC1 knockdown, but not HDAC2, increased c-Myc acetylation, suggesting selective roles in two enzymes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that HFD induced the binding of HDAC1 and deacetylated c-Myc at the Agt gene promoter. A putative c-Myc binding sequence in the promotor region was necessary for Agt transcription. Inhibition of c-Myc downregulated Agt and Ang II levels in kidney and serum, ameliorating HFD-induced hypertension. Thus, the abnormal HDAC1/2 in the kidney may be responsible for the upregulation of the Agt gene expression and hypertension. The results expose the pathologic HDAC1/c-myc signaling axis in kidney as a promising therapeutic target for obesity-associated resistant hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eui Kyung Youn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ki Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Eun Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Masumi Eto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Jee In Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Navarro J, Sanchez A, Ba Aqeel SH, Ye M, Rehman MZ, Wysocki J, Rademaker A, Molitch ME, Batlle D. Urinary Angiotensinogen in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes With Microalbuminuria: Gender Differences and Effect of Intensive Insulin Therapy. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:2657-2667. [PMID: 36506234 PMCID: PMC9727532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Angiotensinogen (AOG) is the precursor of peptides of the renin angiotensin system (RAS). Because insulin up-regulates transcriptional factors that normally repress kidney AOG synthesis, we evaluated urinary AOG (uAOG) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and microalbuminuria who are receiving either intensive or conventional insulin therapy. Methods Urine samples from participants of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) were used for the following: (i) uAOG/creatinine measurements in 103 patients with microalbuminuria and 103 patients with normoalbuminuria, matched for age, gender, disease duration, and allocation to insulin therapy; and (ii) uAOG/creatinine measurements from patients with microalbuminuria allocated to intensive insulin therapy (n = 58) or conventional insulin therapy (n = 41) after 3 years on each modality. Results uAOG was higher in patients who started with microalbuminuria than in those with normoalbuminuria (6.65 vs. 4.0 ng/mg creatinine, P < 0.01). uAOG was higher in females than in males with microalbuminuria (11.7 vs. 5.4 ng/mg creatinine, P = 0.015). uAOG was lower in patients with microalbuminuria allocated to intensive insulin therapy than in conventional insulin therapy (3.98 vs. 7.42 ng/mg creatinine, P < 0.01). These differences in uAOG were observed though albumin excretion rate (AER) was not significantly different. Conclusion In patients with T1D and microalbuminuria, uAOG is increased and varies with gender and the type of insulin therapy independently of AER. This suggests that AOG production is increased in females and it is decreased by intensive insulin therapy. The reduction in uAOG with intensive insulin therapy, by kidney RAS downregulation, may contribute to the known renoprotective action associated with intensive insulin and improved glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Navarro
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sheeba H. Ba Aqeel
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Minghao Ye
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mohammed Z. Rehman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jan Wysocki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alfred Rademaker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark E. Molitch
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Correspondence: Daniel Batlle, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E Superior, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Urinary Angiotensinogen and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Results from KNOW-CKD Study. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091280. [PMID: 36139118 PMCID: PMC9496033 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of urinary angiotensinogen (UAGT) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been completely evaluated, although the association of UAGT with renal outcomes has been suggested in specific subsets of CKD. In the present study, to investigate the association of UAGT with renal outcomes in patients with non-dialysis CKD irrespective of the primary cause, a total of 1688 subjects from the Korean Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) were prospectively analyzed. The subjects were divided into the quintile by UAGT to urine creatinine ratio (UAGT/Cr) level. The primary outcomes of interest were composite renal event, which included decline in kidney function and onset of end-stage renal disease during follow-up periods. The median follow-up duration was 6.257 years. Cox regression model analysis unveiled that the risk of composite renal event was significantly higher in the fifth quintile (adjusted hazard ratio 1.528, 95% confidence interval 1.156 to 2.021) compared to that of the first quartile. The association between high UAGT/Cr level and adverse renal outcome remained consistent in sensitivity analyses, including the analysis of the cause-specific hazard model. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association of UAGT level with renal outcomes is modified by certain clinical contexts, such as BMI and albuminuria. In conclusion, high UAGT level is associated with adverse renal outcomes in patients with non-dialysis CKD. Further studies are warranted to elaborate and expand the predictive role of UAGT as a biomarker for renal outcomes in CKD.
Collapse
|
7
|
Interactions between the intrarenal dopaminergic and the renin-angiotensin systems in the control of systemic arterial pressure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1205-1227. [PMID: 35979889 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the general population, being a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. Although its pathogenesis is complex and still poorly understood, some systems appear to play major roles in its development. This review aims to update the current knowledge on the interaction of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and dopaminergic system in the development of hypertension, focusing on recent scientific hallmarks in the field. The intrarenal RAS, composed of several peptides and receptors, has a critical role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) and, consequently, the development of hypertension. The RAS is divided into two main intercommunicating axes: the classical axis, composed of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II, and angiotensin type 1 receptor, and the ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas axis, which appears to modulate the effects of the classical axis. Dopamine and its receptors are also increasingly showing an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, as abnormalities in the intrarenal dopaminergic system impair the regulation of renal sodium transport, regardless of the affected dopamine receptor subtype. There are five dopamine receptors, which are divided into two major subtypes: the D1-like (D1R and D5R) and D2-like (D2R, D3R, and D4R) receptors. Mice deficient in any of the five dopamine receptor subtypes have increased BP. Intrarenal RAS and the dopaminergic system have complex interactions. The balance between both systems is essential to regulate the BP homeostasis, as alterations in the control of both can lead to hypertension.
Collapse
|
8
|
Scholtes RA, Muskiet MH, van Baar MJ, Hesp AC, Greasley PJ, Hammarstedt A, Karlsson C, Hallow KM, Danser AJ, Heerspink HJ, van Raalte DH. The adaptive renal response for volume homeostasis during two weeks of dapagliflozin treatment in people with type 2 diabetes and preserved renal function on a sodium-controlled diet. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:1084-1092. [PMID: 35570989 PMCID: PMC9091605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Proximal tubule sodium uptake is diminished following sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition. We previously showed that during SGLT2 inhibition, the kidneys adapt by increasing sodium uptake at distal tubular segments, thereby maintaining body sodium balance. Despite continuous glycosuria, we detected no increased urine volumes. We therefore assessed the adaptive renal responses to prevent excessive fluid loss. Methods We conducted a mechanistic open-label study in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus with preserved kidney function, who received a standardized sodium intake (150 mmol/d) to evaluate the effects of dapagliflozin on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) hormones, volume-related biomarkers, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), at start of treatment (day 4), end of treatment (day 14), and follow-up (day 18). Results A total of 14 people were enrolled. Plasma renin and angiotensin II and urinary aldosterone and angiotensinogen were acutely and persistently increased during treatment with dapagliflozin. Plasma copeptin level was numerically increased after 4 days (21%). Similarly, fractional urea excretion was significantly decreased at start of treatment (−17%). Free water clearance was significantly decreased after 4 days (−74%) and 14 days (−41%). All changes reversed after dapagliflozin discontinuation. Conclusion Dapagliflozin-induced osmotic diuresis triggers kidney adaptive mechanisms to maintain volume and sodium balance in people with type 2 diabetes and preserved kidney function. ClinicalTrials.gov (identification: NCT03152084).
Collapse
|
9
|
Leite APDO, Li XC, Nwia SM, Hassan R, Zhuo JL. Angiotensin II and AT 1a Receptors in the Proximal Tubules of the Kidney: New Roles in Blood Pressure Control and Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2402. [PMID: 35269547 PMCID: PMC8910592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrary to public perception, hypertension remains one of the most important public health problems in the United States, affecting 46% of adults with increased risk for heart attack, stroke, and kidney diseases. The mechanisms underlying poorly controlled hypertension remain incompletely understood. Recent development in the Cre/LoxP approach to study gain or loss of function of a particular gene has significantly helped advance our new insights into the role of proximal tubule angiotensin II (Ang II) and its AT1 (AT1a) receptors in basal blood pressure control and the development of Ang II-induced hypertension. This novel approach has provided us and others with an important tool to generate novel mouse models with proximal tubule-specific loss (deletion) or gain of the function (overexpression). The objective of this invited review article is to review and discuss recent findings using novel genetically modifying proximal tubule-specific mouse models. These new studies have consistently demonstrated that deletion of AT1 (AT1a) receptors or its direct downstream target Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) selectively in the proximal tubules of the kidney lowers basal blood pressure, increases the pressure-natriuresis response, and induces natriuretic responses, whereas overexpression of an intracellular Ang II fusion protein or AT1 (AT1a) receptors selectively in the proximal tubules increases proximal tubule Na+ reabsorption, impairs the pressure-natriuresis response, and elevates blood pressure. Furthermore, the development of Ang II-induced hypertension by systemic Ang II infusion or by proximal tubule-specific overexpression of an intracellular Ang II fusion protein was attenuated in mutant mice with proximal tubule-specific deletion of AT1 (AT1a) receptors or NHE3. Thus, these recent studies provide evidence for and new insights into the important roles of intratubular Ang II via AT1 (AT1a) receptors and NHE3 in the proximal tubules in maintaining basal blood pressure homeostasis and the development of Ang II-induced hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula de Oliveira Leite
- Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.P.d.O.L.); (X.C.L.); (S.M.N.); (R.H.)
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xiao C. Li
- Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.P.d.O.L.); (X.C.L.); (S.M.N.); (R.H.)
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sarah M. Nwia
- Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.P.d.O.L.); (X.C.L.); (S.M.N.); (R.H.)
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Rumana Hassan
- Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.P.d.O.L.); (X.C.L.); (S.M.N.); (R.H.)
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jia L. Zhuo
- Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.P.d.O.L.); (X.C.L.); (S.M.N.); (R.H.)
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu T, Liu W. Angiotensinogen and Risk of Stroke Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:419-425. [PMID: 35177918 PMCID: PMC8846557 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s335746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in diabetic patients is a vital pathophysiological mechanism of cardiovascular complications. AIM We aimed to assess whether serum and urinary angiotensinogen levels could predict the risk of stroke events in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS An analysis of the relationships between serum and urinary angiotensinogen levels at baseline and the risk of stroke events was performed in a study consisting of 467 patients with type 2 diabetes with a follow-up of 5 years. Multivariate Cox regression models were built by controlling for a large range of related risk factors. RESULTS Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <57 mL/min/1.73 m2 had a significantly higher risk of stroke events than those with high eGFRs (≥57 mL/min/1.73 m2, P=0.040). Our results suggested that urinary angiotensinogen levels (HR=2.74, 95% CI 1.50-5.88, P=<0.001), but not serum angiotensinogen levels (HR=1.42, 95% CI 0.95-2.65, P=0.071), were independent predictors of the risk of stroke events in patients with type 2 diabetes after adjusting for confounding factors. Similarly, sensitivity analysis also suggested that higher urinary angiotensinogen levels still contributed to an increased risk of stroke events (HR=2.71, 95% CI 1.48-5.82, P<0.001) but not serum angiotensinogen levels (HR=1.37, 95% CI 0.89-2.21, P=0.104). Importantly, we found that significant associations only existed in patients with eGFRs<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR=2.78, 95% CI 1.59-6.30, P<0.001) but not in patients with eGFRs≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR=1.39, 95% CI 0.95-3.53, P=0.054). CONCLUSION The study suggested that elevated urinary angiotensinogen levels were correlated with a higher risk of stroke events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tao Liu Department of Neurology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, NO. 6, Changjiang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Weihong Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300140, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kawanami D, Takashi Y, Muta Y, Oda N, Nagata D, Takahashi H, Tanabe M. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:754239. [PMID: 34790127 PMCID: PMC8591525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.754239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays an important role in the development of DKD. A series of preclinical studies revealed that MR is overactivated under diabetic conditions, resulting in promoting inflammatory and fibrotic process in the kidney. Clinical studies demonstrated the usefulness of MR antagonists (MRAs), such as spironolactone and eplerenone, on DKD. However, concerns regarding their selectivity for MR and hyperkalemia have remained for these steroidal MRAs. Recently, nonsteroidal MRAs, including finerenone, have been developed. These agents are highly selective and have potent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties with a low risk of hyperkalemia. We herein review the current knowledge and future perspectives of MRAs in DKD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Muta
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Oda
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dai Nagata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makito Tanabe
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Majid DSA, Mahaffey E, Castillo A, Prieto MC, Navar LG. Angiotensin II-induced renal angiotensinogen formation is enhanced in mice lacking tumor necrosis factor-alpha type 1 receptor. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14990. [PMID: 34427402 PMCID: PMC8383705 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In hypertension induced by angiotensin II (AngII) administration with high salt (HS) intake, intrarenal angiotensinogen (AGT) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels increase. However, TNF-α has been shown to suppress AGT formation in cultured renal proximal tubular cells. We examined the hypothesis that elevated AngII levels during HS intake reduces TNF-α receptor type 1 (TNFR1) activity in the kidneys, thus facilitating increased intrarenal AGT formation. The responses to HS diet (4% NaCl) with chronic infusion of AngII (25 ng/min) via implanted minipump for 4 weeks were assessed in wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice lacking TNFR1 or TNFR2 receptors. Blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography, and 24-h urine samples were collected using metabolic cages prior to start (0 day) and at the end of 2nd and 4th week periods. The urinary excretion rate of AGT (uAGT; marker for intrarenal AGT) was measured using ELISA. HS +AngII treatment for 4 weeks increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) in all strains of mice. However, the increase in MAP in TNFR1KO (77 ± 2 to 115 ± 3 mmHg; n = 7) was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than in WT (76 ± 1 to 102 ± 2 mmHg; n = 7) or in TNFR2KO (78 ± 2 to 99 ± 5 mmHg; n = 6). The increase in uAGT at 4th week was also greater (p < 0.05) in TNFR1KO mice (6 ± 2 to 167 ± 75 ng/24 h) than that in WT (6 ± 3 to 46 ± 16 ng/24 h) or in TNFR2KO mice (8 ± 7 to 65 ± 44 ng/24 h). The results indicate that TNFR1 exerts a protective role by mitigating intrarenal AGT formation induced by elevated AngII and HS intake.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/toxicity
- Angiotensinogen/metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Pressure
- Hypertension, Renal/etiology
- Hypertension, Renal/metabolism
- Kidney/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/metabolism
- Sodium Chloride, Dietary/toxicity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dewan S. A. Majid
- Department of PhysiologyHypertension & Renal Center of ExcellenceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Eamonn Mahaffey
- Department of PhysiologyHypertension & Renal Center of ExcellenceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Alexander Castillo
- Department of PhysiologyHypertension & Renal Center of ExcellenceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Minolfa C. Prieto
- Department of PhysiologyHypertension & Renal Center of ExcellenceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - L. Gabriel Navar
- Department of PhysiologyHypertension & Renal Center of ExcellenceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Montoro-Molina S, Quesada A, O'Valle F, Morales NM, de Gracia MDC, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Osuna A, Wangensteen R, Vargas F. The Long-Term Study of Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:502-513. [PMID: 34237745 DOI: 10.1159/000516843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The age-related increase in blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) is associated to cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and renal injury. Here, we investigated for the first time the urinary enzymatic activities of glutamil aminopeptidase (GluAp), alanyl aminopeptidase (AlaAp), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), and Klotho urinary levels, proteins that are strongly expressed in the kidney, as early biomarkers of renal injury in SHRs. METHODS Male SHR and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were studied from 2 to 8 months old. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), the heart rate (HR), metabolic variables, and urinary markers were measured monthly. At the end of the study, a histopathological evaluation of the kidney was performed. RESULTS Kidneys of SHR did not develop signs of relevant histopathological changes, but showed increased glomerular area and cellularity. Plasma creatinine was decreased, and creatinine clearance was augmented in SHR at the end of the study. Urinary excretion of Klotho was higher in SHR at 5 and 8 months old, whereas plasma Klotho levels were similar to WKY. GluAp, AlaAp, and DPP4 urinary activities were increased in SHR throughout the time-course study. A positive correlation between glomerular area and cellularity with creatinine clearance was observed. Urinary GluAp, AlaAp, DPP4, and Klotho showed positive correlations with SBP. CONCLUSIONS GluAp, AlaAp, DPP4, and Klotho in the urine are useful tools for the evaluation of renal damage at early stages, before the whole histopathological and biochemical manifestations of renal disease are established. Moreover, these observations may represent a novel and noninvasive diagnostic approach to assess the evolution of kidney function in hypertension and other chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Quesada
- Servicio de Nefrología, Unidad Experimental, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica e Instituto de Biomedicina Regenerativa (IBIMER), Facultad de Medicina, Granada, Spain
| | - Natividad Martín Morales
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica e Instituto de Biomedicina Regenerativa (IBIMER), Facultad de Medicina, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Osuna
- Servicio de Nefrología, Unidad Experimental, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Félix Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mogi M. A disturbance beyond the barrier-chronic kidney disease allows angiotensinogen invasion. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:874-876. [PMID: 34050333 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Tohon, Ehime, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim HY, Choi HS, Kim CS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Sung SA, Han SH, Oh KH, Ahn C, Kim SW. Effect of urinary angiotensinogen and high-salt diet on blood pressure in patients with chronic kidney disease: results from the Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD). Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:659-667. [PMID: 33028070 PMCID: PMC8137406 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study aimed to investigate whether urinary angiotensinogen (UAGT) excretion was associated with elevated blood pressure in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to evaluate the relationship among blood pressure, intra-renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity, and dietary sodium in patients with CKD. METHODS Participants from the Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) were included. Of the total cohort of 2,238 individuals with CKD, we included 1,955 participants who underwent complete 24-hour urinary sodium (24-hour UNa) analysis. They were categorized into three groups according to three tertiles of their 24-hour UNa, reflecting daily salt intake. To measure intra-renal RAS activity, the UAGT excretion was assayed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Elevated 24-hour UNa levels, logarithm of UAGT-to-creatinine ratio (UAGT/Cr), increased waist-to-hip ratio, and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate were the risk factors for increased systolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure showed a positive correlation with 24-hour UNa levels and logarithm of UAGT/Cr. CONCLUSION UAGT and urinary sodium excretion are independent determinants of systolic blood pressure in patients with CKD. These findings suggest that increased systolic blood pressure in CKD patients is associated with both increased dietary sodium levels and intra-renal RAS activity. The risk of elevated systolic blood pressure in the 3rd tertile of both the UAGT/Cr and 24-hour UNa groups was about 2.3 times higher than that in the reference group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Yeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hong Sang Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang Seong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong Kwon Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Su-Ah Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Correspondence to Soo Wan Kim, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea Tel: +82-62-220-6271, Fax: +82-62-225-8578 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zając M, Rybi-Szumińska A, Storonowicz J, Protas P, Wasilewska A. Urinary excretion of renin and angiotensinogen in hypertensive children and adolescents. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:1325-1331. [PMID: 34522262 PMCID: PMC8425233 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.88482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years hypertension has become an emerging condition in the young population. It has been proposed that the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in regulation of blood pressure. We assessed whether activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system occurs in hypertensive children and adolescents and what better reflects its activity: urine angiotensinogen (AGT) or urine renin (REN). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted on a sample of 58 subjects with primary hypertension (HT) and 29 normotensive children and adolescents. We measured urine REN and AGT excretion and assessed the values in relation to blood pressure (BP) and other clinical parameters. Both REN and AGT values were calculated by urine creatinine: REN/cr. and AGT/cr., respectively. RESULTS We observed higher urine REN/cr. values in hypertensive subjects in comparison to the reference group (6.99 vs. 2.93, p = 0.003). Hypertensive participants showed positive correlations between urine REN/cr. and diastolic 24-hour BP (r = 0.42, p = 0.002) as well as between urine REN/cr. and urine AGT/cr. (r = 0.266, p = 0.044, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Increased urine REN/cr. in hypertensive children and adolescents and its positive correlation with BP may indicate its important role in the pathogenesis of HT. Perhaps urine REN/cr. could be a marker of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity. Nevertheless, further research should be undertaken to confirm this observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zając
- Department of Paediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Storonowicz
- Department of Paediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Protas
- Department of Paediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Wasilewska
- Department of Paediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Curnow AC, Gonsalez SR, Gogulamudi VR, Visniauskas B, Simon EE, Gonzalez AA, Majid DSA, Lara LS, Prieto MC. Low Nitric Oxide Bioavailability Increases Renin Production in the Collecting Duct. Front Physiol 2020; 11:559341. [PMID: 33281610 PMCID: PMC7705222 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.559341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the kidney, the stimulation of renin production by the collecting duct (CD-renin) contributes to the development of hypertension. The CD is a major nephron segment for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), and low NO bioavailability in the renal medulla is associated with hypertension. However, it is unknown whether NO regulates renin production in the CD. To test the hypothesis that low intrarenal NO levels stimulate the production of CD-renin, we first examined renin expression in the distal nephron segments of CD-eNOS deficient mice. In these mice, specific CD-renin immunoreactivity was increased compared to wild-type littermates; however, juxtaglomerular (JG) renin was not altered. To further assess the intracellular mechanisms involved, we then treated M-1 cells with either 1 mM L-NAME (L-arginine analog), an inhibitor of NO synthase activity, or 1 mM NONOate, a NO donor. Both treatments increased intracellular renin protein levels in M-1 cells. However, only the inhibition of NOS with L-NAME stimulated renin synthesis and secretion as reflected by the increase in Ren1C transcript and renin protein levels in the extracellular media, respectively. In addition, NONOate induced a fast mobilization of cGMP and intracellular renin accumulation. These response was partially prevented by guanylyl cyclase inhibition with ODQ (1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1]. Accumulation of intracellular renin was blocked by protein kinase G (PKG) and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors. Our data indicate that low NO bioavailability increases CD-renin synthesis and secretion, which may contribute to the activation of intrarenal renin angiotensin system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Curnow
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Sabrina R. Gonsalez
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Visniauskas
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Eric E. Simon
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Alexis A. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Dewan S. A. Majid
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lucienne S. Lara
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Minolfa C. Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Molecular Mechanisms of SGLT2 Inhibitor on Cardiorenal Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217833. [PMID: 33105763 PMCID: PMC7660105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) broadens the therapeutic strategies in treating diabetes mellitus. By inhibiting sodium and glucose reabsorption from the proximal tubules, the improvement in insulin resistance and natriuresis improved the cardiovascular mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. It has been known that SGLT2i also provided renoprotection by lowering the intraglomerular hypertension by modulating the pre- and post- glomerular vascular tone. The application of SGLT2i also provided metabolic and hemodynamic benefits in molecular aspects. The recent DAPA-CKD trial and EMPEROR-Reduced trial provided clinical evidence of renal and cardiac protection, even in non-DM patients. Therefore, the aim of the review is to clarify the hemodynamic and metabolic modulation of SGLT2i from the molecular mechanism.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ba Aqeel S, Ye M, Wysocki J, Sanchez A, Khattab A, Lores E, Rademaker A, Gao X, Bebu I, Nelson RG, Molitch M, Batlle D. Urinary angiotensinogen antedates the development of stage 3 CKD in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14242. [PMID: 31605461 PMCID: PMC6788980 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined if urinary angiotensinogen (uAOG), a marker of intrarenal renin‐angiotensin system activity, antedates stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) using samples from participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and later in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Intervention and Complications (EDIC) trial. In a nested case–control design, cases were matched at the outcome visit (eGFR less than 60, 21‐59 mL/min per 1.73 m2) on age, gender, and diabetes duration, with controls: eGFR (95, 75‐119, mL/min per 1.73 m2.) Additionally, in an exploratory analysis progressive renal decline (PRD), defined as eGFR loss >3.5 mL/min per 1.73m2/year, was evaluated using only data from EDIC because no progressions were observed during DCCT. At the EDIC visit, which antedated the GFR outcome visit by 2 years (range 1–7years) the median uAOG/creatinine was markedly higher in cases than in controls (13.9 vs. 3.8 ng/mg P = 0.003) whereas at the DCCT visit, which antedated the GFR outcome by 17 to 20 years it was not (2.75 vs. 3.16 ng/mg, respectively). The Odds Ratio for uAOG and CKD stage 3 development was significant after adjusting for eGFR, HbA1c, and systolic blood pressure 1.82 (1.00–3.29) but no longer significant when Albumin Excretion Ratio (AER) was included 1.21 (0.65–2.24).In the PRD analysis, uAOG/creatinine was sixfold higher in participants who experienced PRD than in those who did not (26 vs. 4.0 ng/mg, P = 0.003). The Odds Ratio for uAOG and PRD was significant after adjusting for eGFR, HbA1c, and systolic blood pressure 2.48 (1.46–4.22) but no longer significant when AER was included 1.32 (0.76–2.30). In people with type1 diabetes, a robust increase in uAOG antedates the development of stage 3 CKD but is not superior to AER in predicting this renal outcome. Increased uAOG moreover is associated with PRD, an index of progression to End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Ba Aqeel
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Minghao Ye
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jan Wysocki
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ahmed Khattab
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Enrique Lores
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alfred Rademaker
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ionut Bebu
- George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Robert G Nelson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Mark Molitch
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Brosnihan KB, Merrill DC, Yamaleyeva LM, Chen K, Neves L, Joyner J, Givner C, Lanier K, Moorefield C, Westwood B. Longitudinal study of angiotensin peptides in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancy. Endocrine 2020; 69:410-419. [PMID: 32319014 PMCID: PMC10519175 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To address whether differential regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system occurs in pre-eclampsia, we performed an analysis of the time course of circulating and urinary profiles of the vasoconstrictor (Ang II) and the vasodilator [Ang-(1-7)] peptides in normal pregnant (NP) and pre-eclamptic (PE) women. METHODS Urine and plasma samples from 86 nulliparous women were collected prospectively; 67 subjects continued as NP and 19 developed PE. Subjects were enrolled prior to 12 weeks of gestation and plasma and spot urine samples were obtained throughout gestation. Control samples were obtained at 6 weeks postpartum (PP). RESULTS Mean blood pressure (p < 0.001) was elevated at 31-37 weeks of gestation in PE subjects as compared with NP subjects. Plasma Ang I and Ang II levels were elevated in NP subjects as early as 16 weeks of gestation and maintained throughout gestation. In PE subjects both plasma Ang I and Ang II were elevated at 16-33 weeks as compared with PP levels. PE subjects showed reduced plasma Ang I and Ang II (at 35-37 weeks of gestation) compared with NP subjects. Plasma Ang-(1-7) was unchanged in both groups. All three urinary peptides increased throughout gestation in NP subjects. In PE subjects urinary Ang I was increased at 23-26 weeks and was maintained throughout gestation. Urinary Ang II was increased at 27-29 and 31-33 weeks of gestation. PE subjects had no change in urinary Ang-(1-7). CONCLUSION The activation of the RAS, particularly Ang II throughout normal gestation may contribute to the maintenance of vascular tone during normal pregnancy. However higher sensitivity to Ang II in pre-eclampsia may be potentiated by the higher circulating and urinary levels of Ang II, unopposed by local renal Ang-(1-7), and thus may contribute to the development of pre-eclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Bridget Brosnihan
- Department of Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | | | - Liliya M Yamaleyeva
- Department of Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Aspirus Wausau Medical Center, Wausau, WI, 54401, USA
| | - Liomar Neves
- Department of Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - JaNae Joyner
- Department of Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Courtney Givner
- Department of Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kristy Lanier
- Department of Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Cheryl Moorefield
- Department of Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Brian Westwood
- Department of Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dratwa-Chałupnik A, Wojdyła K, Ożgo M, Lepczyński A, Michałek K, Herosimczyk A, Rogowska-Wrzesińska A. Urinary Proteome of Newborn Calves-New Potential in Non-Invasive Neonatal Diagnostic. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1257. [PMID: 32722141 PMCID: PMC7459841 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine is a biological diagnostic material suitable not only for the analysis of kidney and urinary tract functions but also the function of other tissues and organs. The urine proteome of adult mammals differs from the urine proteome of neonatal ones. The establishment of urinary protein maps of healthy newborn calves is important for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of various diseases. The experiment was carried out on a Polish-Friesian var. of Black-and-White male calves in the sixth day of postnatal life. The two proteomics approaches used for separation and identification of urinary proteins were: 2-DE with MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS and 1-DE with LC-MS/MS. This resulted in the identification of 692 urinary proteins. The majority of them were classified as extracellular proteins (40.32%), as well as proteins involved in regulation of major cellular processes (31.07%). We have observed the presence of unique proteins associated with embryonic (ameloblastin, alpha-fetoprotein, Delta-like protein, embryo-specific fibronectin 1 transcript variant, Indian hedgehog homolog) and kidney development (angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensinogen, aquaporin-1, calbindin, glypican 3, nidogen 1, pro-cathepsin H). Additionally, proteins involved in the renal regulation of water and electrolyte balance (angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, aquaporin-1, ezrin, uromodulin) were detected. Presented in the current study 1-D and 2-D urinary proteomic maps are the basis for the identification and detection of prognostic biomarkers important for defining a calf's health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Dratwa-Chałupnik
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (M.O.); (A.L.); (K.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Katarzyna Wojdyła
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, M-DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; (K.W.); (A.R.-W.)
| | - Małgorzata Ożgo
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (M.O.); (A.L.); (K.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Adam Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (M.O.); (A.L.); (K.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Katarzyna Michałek
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (M.O.); (A.L.); (K.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Agnieszka Herosimczyk
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (M.O.); (A.L.); (K.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Adelina Rogowska-Wrzesińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, M-DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; (K.W.); (A.R.-W.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jeon J, Kim DH, Jang HR, Lee JE, Huh W, Kim HY, Kim DJ, Kim YG. Urinary angiotensinogen as a surrogate marker predicting the antiproteinuric effects of angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with overt proteinuria: a multicenter prospective study. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:180. [PMID: 32410703 PMCID: PMC7227290 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) and renin reflect intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity and are enhanced in proteinuric chronic kidney disease, the clinical value of urinary AGT and renin levels during antiproteinuric treatment has yet to be determined. We investigated the clinical usefulness of initial urinary AGT or renin to determine the antiproteinuric effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). METHODS This multicenter, prospective, single-arm study included 205 patients with overt proteinuria (urinary protein/creatinine ratio [uPCR] ≥ 1 mg/mg) enrolled between April 2009 and December 2011. All patients were treated with valsartan. The urinary AGT/creatinine ratio (uAGT/Cr) was measured at the baseline and 24 weeks, and the renin/creatinine ratio (uR/Cr) was measured at the baseline. Fifty-six patients were followed-up for 5 years. RESULTS The mean age was 47.6 years and 51.2% were male. The mean uPCR was 2.32 mg/mg and the mean eGFR was 63.2 mL/min/1.73m2. Natural logarithms (ln) (uAGT/Cr), ln(uR/Cr), and diabetes mellitus were associated with proteinuria decrement (decrease in uPCR ≥1 mg/mg). Ln(uAGT/Cr) was an independent predictor for proteinuria decrement (OR 1.372, 95% CI, 1.068-1.762, P = 0.013). Among the 56 patients followed-up for 5 years, Δln(uAGT/Cr) at 24 weeks was an independent predictor for uPCR < 1 mg/mg at 5 years (OR 0.379, 95% CI, 0.20-0.715, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the potential role of both baseline urinary AGT and changes in urinary AGT during the initial 24 weeks as surrogate markers predicting the antiproteinuric effects of ARBs in patients with overt proteinuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junseok Jeon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hee Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryoun Jang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Huh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joong Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Goo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Miyata KN, Zhao S, Wu CH, Lo CS, Ghosh A, Chenier I, Filep JG, Ingelfinger JR, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. Comparison of the effects of insulin and SGLT2 inhibitor on the Renal Renin-Angiotensin system in type 1 diabetes mice. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 162:108107. [PMID: 32173417 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS SGLT2 inhibitors have been proposed as an adjunct to insulin therapy for glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. However, concern has been raised due to an increase in renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) activity reported in a clinical trial in which an SGLT2 inhibitor was added while insulin dose was reduced in T1D patients. We previously reported that insulin inhibits intrarenal angiotensinogen (Agt) gene transcription and RAS activation. We hypothesized that insulin, rather than SGLT2 inhibition might regulate the intrarenal RAS. METHODS We compared RAS activity in non-diabetic wild type mice, Akita mice (T1D model) and Akita mice treated with insulin or the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin. RESULTS Treatment of Akita mice with insulin or canagliflozin produced similar reductions in blood glucose, whereas insulin, but not canagliflozin, reduced elevated systolic blood pressure. Akita mice exhibited increased renal Agt mRNA/protein expression, which was attenuated by insulin, but not by canagliflozin. Furthermore, insulin was more effective than canagliflozin in lowering kidney weight and albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS Insulin, but not canagliflozin, lowers intrarenal RAS activity in Akita mice. Our findings can be of potential clinical importance, especially for T1D patients who are not on RAS inhibitors at the time of adding SGLT2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana N Miyata
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shuiling Zhao
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Chin-Han Wu
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Chao-Sheng Lo
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Anindya Ghosh
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Isabelle Chenier
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Janos G Filep
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche de l'Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boul. l'Assomption, Montréal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Julie R Ingelfinger
- Harvard Medical School, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WAC 709, Boston, MA 02114-3117, USA
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - John S D Chan
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yokoyama S, Kawakami R, Tobiume A, Onishi K, Fujita T, Ozaki T, Miyake Y, Ishizawa M, Noma T, Shintani A, Kuroda Y, Minamino T. Time Course Changes in Urinary Angiotensinogen and Circulating N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Heart Failure. Intern Med 2020; 59:2839-2847. [PMID: 33191370 PMCID: PMC7725623 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5212-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Home care is important in patients with heart failure (HF) in order to maintain their quality of life. A biomarker that can be measured noninvasively is needed to optimize the home care of patients with HF. Urinary angiotensinogen (uAGT) is an indicator of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity, which may be augmented in HF. We hypothesized that uAGT might be a urinary biomarker in HF. Methods We measured uAGT by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and uAGT normalized by urinary creatinine (uCr)-designated uAGT/uCr-at admission and discharge in 45 patients hospitalized for HF. Results We found that both uAGT/uCr [median (interquartile range): 65.5 (17.1-127.7) μg/g Cr at admission; 12.1 (6.0-37.0) μg/g Cr at discharge; p<0.01] and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels [5,422 (2,280-9,907) pg/mL at admission; 903 (510-1,729) pg/mL at discharge; p<0.01] significantly decreased between admission and discharge along with an improvement in patient's clinical status [New York Heart Association scores: 3 (3-4) at admission; 1 (1-1) at discharge; p<0.01]. The generalized least squares model revealed that the time course changes in uAGT/uCr also correlated with those in NT-proBNP levels between admission and readmission in five patients readmitted for HF. Conclusion The results indicated that the time course changes in uAGT/uCr correlated with those in the NT-proBNP levels in patients with HF who showed a clinical improvement. Further investigation and development of a kit for the rapid measurement of uAGT are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of uAGT as a biomarker in HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryo Kawakami
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tobiume
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Keisuke Onishi
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Takuro Fujita
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Taro Ozaki
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuichi Miyake
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishizawa
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Takahisa Noma
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Minamino
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Hospital, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gonzalez AA, Gallardo M, Cespedes C, Vio CP. Potassium Intake Prevents the Induction of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Increases Medullary ACE2 and COX-2 in the Kidneys of Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertensive Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1212. [PMID: 31680980 PMCID: PMC6804396 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent hypertensive rats there is an increased expression of proximal tubule angiotensinogen (AGT), collecting duct renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), which contributes to intratubular Ang II formation. Ang II acts on Ang II type 1 receptors promoting sodium retention and vasoconstriction. However concurrently, the ACE2-Ang-(1–7) axis and the expression of kallikrein and medullary prostaglandins counteract the effects of Ang II, promoting natriuresis and vasodilation. Human studies demonstrate that dietary potassium (K+) intake lowers blood pressure. In this report we evaluate the expression of AGT, ACE, medullary prorenin/renin, ACE2, kallikrein and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Ang II-infused rats fed with high K+ diet (2%) for 14 days. Dietary K+ enhances diuresis in non-infused and in Ang II-infused rats. The rise in systolic blood pressure in Ang II-infused rats was attenuated by dietary K+. Ang II-infused rats showed increased renal protein levels of AGT, ACE and medullary prorenin and renin. This effect was attenuated in the Ang II + K+ group. Ang II infusion decreased ACE2 compared to the control group; however, K+ diet prevented this effect in the renal medulla. Furthermore, medullary COX-2 was dramatically induced by K+ diet in non-infused and in Ang II infused rats. Dietary K+ greatly increased kallikrein immunostaining in normotensive rats and in Ang II-hypertensive rats. These results indicate that a high K+ diet attenuates Ang II-dependent hypertension by preventing the induction of ACE, AGT and collecting duct renin and by enhancing medullary COX-2 and ACE2 protein expression in the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A Gonzalez
- Institute of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Matias Gallardo
- Institute of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos Cespedes
- Department of Physiology, Center for Aging and Regeneration CARE UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos P Vio
- Department of Physiology, Center for Aging and Regeneration CARE UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim H, Park S, Jhee JH, Yun HR, Park JT, Han SH, Lee J, Kim SW, Kim YH, Oh YK, Kang SW, Choi KH, Yoo TH. Urinary angiotensinogen level is associated with potassium homeostasis and clinical outcome in patients with polycystic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:104. [PMID: 30909873 PMCID: PMC6434770 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Guidelines for general hypertension treatment do not recommend the combined use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors due to the risk of hyperkalemia. However, a recent clinical trial showed that polycystic kidney disease (PKD) patients had infrequent episodes of hyperkalemia despite receiving combined RAAS inhibitors. Because intrarenal RAAS is a main component for renal potassium handling, we further investigated the association between intrarenal RAAS activity and serum potassium level in patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly in PKD patients, and examined whether intrarenal RAAS activity has a prognostic role in patients with PKD. Methods A total of 1788 subjects from the KoreaN cohort study for Outcome in patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) were enrolled in this study. Intrarenal RAAS activity was assessed by the measurement of urinary angiotensinogen (AGT). The primary outcome was the composite of all-cause mortality and renal function decline. Results Patients with PKD had a significantly lower serum potassium level in chronic kidney disease stages 1 to 3b than non-PKD patients. In logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for multiple confounders, PKD patients had a significantly lower risk of hyperkalemia than non-PKD patients. In multivariable linear regression analysis, the urinary AGT/creatinine (Cr) ratio was negatively correlated with the serum potassium level (β = − 0.058, P = 0.017) and positively correlated with the transtubular potassium gradient (TTKG, β = 0.087, P = 0.001). In propensity score matching analysis, after matching factors associated with serum potassium and TTKG, PKD patients had a significantly higher TTKG (P = 0.021) despite a lower serum potassium level (P = 0.004). Additionally, the urinary AGT/Cr ratio was significantly higher in PKD patients than in non-PKD patients (P = 0.011). In 293 patients with PKD, high urinary AGT/Cr ratio was associated with increased risk of the composite outcome (hazard ratio 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.55; P = 0.007). Conclusions High activity of intrarenal RAAS is associated with increased urinary potassium excretion and low serum potassium level in patients with PKD. In addition, intrarenal RAAS activity can be a prognostic marker for mortality and renal function decline in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungnae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Jhee
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ryong Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joongyub Lee
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ansary TM, Nakano D, Nishiyama A. Diuretic Effects of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Their Influence on the Renin-Angiotensin System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E629. [PMID: 30717173 PMCID: PMC6387046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in regulating body fluids and blood pressure. However, inappropriate activation of the RAS contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Recently, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been used as anti-diabetic agents. SGLT2 inhibitors induce glycosuria and improve hyperglycemia by inhibiting urinary reabsorption of glucose. However, in the early stages of treatment, these inhibitors frequently cause polyuria and natriuresis, which potentially activate the RAS. Nevertheless, the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on RAS activity are not straightforward. Available data indicate that treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors transiently activates the systemic RAS in type 2 diabetic patients, but not the intrarenal RAS. In this review article, we summarize current evidence of the diuretic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and their influence on RAS activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba M Ansary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vacková Š, Kopkan L, Kikerlová S, Husková Z, Sadowski J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Hammock BD, Imig JD, Táborský M, Melenovský V, Červenka L. Pharmacological Blockade of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Attenuates the Progression of Congestive Heart Failure Combined With Chronic Kidney Disease: Insights From Studies With Fawn-Hooded Hypertensive Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:18. [PMID: 30728778 PMCID: PMC6351500 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in extremely poor patient survival rates. Previous studies have shown that increasing kidney epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by blocking soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme responsible for EETs degradation, improves the survival rate in CHF induced by aorto-caval fistula (ACF) and attenuates CKD progression. This prompted us to examine if sEH inhibitor treatment would improve the outcome if both experimental conditions are combined. Fawn-hooded hypertensive (FHH) rats, a genetic model showing early CKD development was employed, and CHF was induced by ACF. Treatment with an sEH inhibitor was initiated 4 weeks after ACF creation, in FHH and in fawn-hooded low-pressure (FHL) rats, a control strain without renal damage. The follow-up period was 20 weeks. We found that ACF FHH rats exhibited substantially lower survival rates (all the animals died by week 14) as compared with the 64% survival rate observed in ACF FHL rats. The former group showed pronounced albuminuria (almost 30-fold higher than in FHL) and reduced intrarenal EET concentrations. The sEH inhibitor treatment improved survival rate and distinctly reduced increases in albuminuria in ACF FHH and in ACF FHL rats, however, all the beneficial actions were more pronounced in the hypertensive strain. These data indicate that pharmacological blockade of sEH could be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of CHF, particularly under conditions when it is associated with CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Vacková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Soňa Kikerlová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Husková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology, UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Miloš Táborský
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Vojtěch Melenovský
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Intratubular and intracellular renin-angiotensin system in the kidney: a unifying perspective in blood pressure control. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1383-1401. [PMID: 29986878 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is widely recognized as one of the most important vasoactive hormonal systems in the physiological regulation of blood pressure and the development of hypertension. This recognition is derived from, and supported by, extensive molecular, cellular, genetic, and pharmacological studies on the circulating (tissue-to-tissue), paracrine (cell-to-cell), and intracrine (intracellular, mitochondrial, nuclear) RAS during last several decades. Now, it is widely accepted that circulating and local RAS may act independently or interactively, to regulate sympathetic activity, systemic and renal hemodynamics, body salt and fluid balance, and blood pressure homeostasis. However, there remains continuous debate with respect to the specific sources of intratubular and intracellular RAS in the kidney and other tissues, the relative contributions of the circulating RAS to intratubular and intracellular RAS, and the roles of intratubular compared with intracellular RAS to the normal control of blood pressure or the development of angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent hypertension. Based on a lecture given at the recent XI International Symposium on Vasoactive Peptides held in Horizonte, Brazil, this article reviews recent studies using mouse models with global, kidney- or proximal tubule-specific overexpression (knockin) or deletion (knockout) of components of the RAS or its receptors. Although much knowledge has been gained from cell- and tissue-specific transgenic or knockout models, a unifying and integrative approach is now required to better understand how the circulating and local intratubular/intracellular RAS act independently, or with other vasoactive systems, to regulate blood pressure, cardiovascular and kidney function.
Collapse
|
30
|
Interplay between the renin-angiotensin system, the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ in hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:62. [PMID: 29884931 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heterogeneous causes can determinate hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has a major role in the pathophysiology of blood pressure. Angiotensin II and aldosterone are overexpressed during hypertension and lead to hypertension development and its cardiovascular complications. In several tissues, the overactivation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway leads to inactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), while PPARγ stimulation induces a decrease of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. In hypertension, the WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated, whereas PPARγ is decreased. The WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS regulate positively each other during hypertension, whereas PPARγ agonists can decrease the expression of both the WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS. We focus this review on the hypothesis of an opposite interplay between PPARγ and both the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS in regulating the molecular mechanism underlying hypertension. The interactions between PPARγ and the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway through the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertension may be an interesting way to better understand the actions and the effects of PPARγ agonists as antihypertensive drugs.
Collapse
|
31
|
Tiryaki O, Usalan C, Tarakcioglu M, Coban S. Calcitriol Reduces Albuminuria and Urinary Angiotensinogen Level in Renal Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:1342-1347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
32
|
Nishiyama A, Kobori H. Independent regulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the kidney. Clin Exp Nephrol 2018; 22:1231-1239. [PMID: 29600408 PMCID: PMC6163102 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-018-1567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays important roles in regulating renal hemodynamics and functions, as well as in the pathophysiology of hypertension and renal disease. In the kidney, angiotensin II (Ang II) production is controlled by independent multiple mechanisms. Ang II is compartmentalized in the renal interstitial fluid with much higher concentrations than those existing in the circulation. Inappropriate activation of the intrarenal RAAS is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of hypertension and renal injury. It has been revealed that intrarenal Ang II levels are predominantly regulated by angiotensinogen and therefore, urinary angiotensinogen could be a biomarker for intrarenal Ang II generation. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that aldosterone contributes to the progression of renal injury via direct actions on glomerular podocytes, mesangial cells, proximal tubular cells and tubulo-interstitial fibroblasts through the activation of locally expressed mineralocorticoid receptor. Thus, it now appears that intrarenal RAAS is independently regulated and its inappropriate activation contributes to the pathogenesis of the development of hypertension and renal disease. This short review article will focus on the independent regulation of the intrarenal RAAS with an emphasis on the specific role of angiotensinogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mogi M, Kohara K, Tabara Y, Tsukuda K, Igase M, Horiuchi M. Correlation between the 24-h urinary angiotensinogen or aldosterone level and muscle mass: Japan shimanami health promoting program study. Hypertens Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
34
|
Čertíková Chábová V, Kujal P, Škaroupková P, Varňourková Z, Vacková Š, Husková Z, Kikerlová S, Sadowski J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Baranowska I, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Imig JD, Tesař V, Červenka L. Combined Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and Renin-Angiotensin System Exhibits Superior Renoprotection to Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade in 5/6 Nephrectomized Ren-2 Transgenic Hypertensive Rats with Established Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018. [PMID: 29529602 DOI: 10.1159/000487902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We found recently that increasing renal epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) levels by blocking soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme responsible for EETs degradation, shows renoprotective actions and retards the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats (TGR) after 5/6 renal ablation (5/6 NX). This prompted us to examine if additional protection is provided when sEH inhibitor is added to the standard renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade, specifically in rats with established CKD. METHODS For RAS blockade, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor along with an angiotensin II type receptor blocker was used. RAS blockade was compared to sEH inhibition added to the RAS blockade. Treatments were initiated 6 weeks after 5/6 NX in TGR and the follow-up period was 60 weeks. RESULTS Combined RAS and sEH blockade exhibited additional positive impact on the rat survival rate, further reduced albuminuria, further reduced glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury, and attenuated the decline in creatinine clearance when compared to 5/6 NX TGR subjected to RAS blockade alone. These additional beneficial actions were associated with normalization of the intrarenal EETs deficient and a further reduction of urinary angiotensinogen excretion. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that addition of pharmacological inhibition of sEH to RAS blockade in 5/6 NX TGR enhances renoprotection and retards progression of CKD, notably, when applied at an advanced stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Věra Čertíková Chábová
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kujal
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Škaroupková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Varňourková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Vacková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Husková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Kikerlová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Baranowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vladimír Tesař
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Baum M. Role of renal sympathetic nerve activity in prenatal programming of hypertension. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33:409-419. [PMID: 27001053 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal insults, such as maternal dietary protein deprivation and uteroplacental insufficiency, lead to small for gestational age (SGA) neonates. Epidemiological studies from many different parts of the world have shown that SGA neonates are at increased risk for hypertension and early death from cardiovascular disease as adults. Animal models, including prenatal administration of dexamethasone, uterine artery ligation and maternal dietary protein restriction, result in SGA neonates with fewer nephrons than controls. These models are discussed in this educational review, which provides evidence that prenatal insults lead to altered sodium transport in multiple nephron segments. The factors that could result in increased sodium transport are discussed, focusing on new information that there is increased renal sympathetic nerve activity that may be responsible for augmented renal tubular sodium transport. Renal denervation abrogates the hypertension in programmed rats but has no effect on control rats. Other potential factors that could cause hypertension in programmed rats, such as the renin-angiotensin system, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Baum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Building, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tiryaki O, Usalan C, Tarakcioglu M. Urinary angiotensinogen level is correlated with blood pressure level and proteinuria in patients with masked hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 40:644-649. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1416122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Tiryaki
- Department of the Nephrology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Celalettin Usalan
- Department of the Nephrology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tarakcioglu
- Department of the Biochemistry, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mansuri A, Elmaghrabi A, Alhamoud I, Legan SK, Gattineni J, Baum M. Transient enalapril attenuates the reduction in glomerular filtration rate in prenatally programmed rats. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/8/e13266. [PMID: 28438986 PMCID: PMC5408291 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A maternal low‐protein diet has been shown to program hypertension and a reduction in glomerular filtration rate in adult offspring. This study examined the effect of continuous administration of enalapril in the drinking water and transient administration of enalapril administered from 21 to 42 days of age on blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in male rats whose mothers were fed a 20% protein diet (control) or a 6% protein diet (programmed) during the last half of pregnancy. After birth all rats were fed a 20% protein diet. Programmed rats (maternal 6% protein diet) were hypertensive at 15 months of age compared to control rats and both continuous and transient administration of enalapril had no effect on blood pressure on control offspring, but normalized the blood pressure of programmed offspring. GFR was 3.2 ± 0.1 mL/min in the control group and 1.7 ± 0.1 mL/min in the programmed rats at 17 months of age (P < 0.001). The GFR was 3.0 ± 0.1 mL/min in the control and 2.7 ± 0.1 mL/min in the programmed group that received continuous enalapril in their drinking water showing that enalapril can prevent the decrease in GFR in programmed rats. Transient administration of enalapril had no effect on GFR in the control group (3.2 ± 0.1 mL/min) and prevented the decrease in GFR in the programmed group (2.9 ± 0.1 mL/min). In conclusion, transient exposure to enalapril for 3 weeks after weaning can prevent the hypertension and decrease in GFR in prenatal programmed rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asifhusen Mansuri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ayah Elmaghrabi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Issa Alhamoud
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Susan K Legan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jyothsna Gattineni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michel Baum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas .,Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mansuri A, Legan SK, Jain J, Alhamoud I, Gattineni J, Baum M. Effect of renal denervation on urine angiotensinogen excretion in prenatally programmed rats. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/20/e13482. [PMID: 29051307 PMCID: PMC5661239 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal programming results in an increase in blood pressure in adult offspring. We have shown that compared to control adult offspring whose mothers were fed a 20% protein diet, programmed adults whose mothers were fed a 6% protein diet during the last half of pregnancy have an increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity and urinary angiotensinogen/creatinine levels. We hypothesized that the increase in urinary angiotensinogen was mediated by renal sympathetic nerve activity in programmed rats. In this study performed in 3 month old rats, renal denervation resulted in normalization of blood pressure in the 6% programmed group (150 ± 3 Hg in 6% sham vs. 121 ± 4 Hg in 6% denervated, P < 0.001), and a reduction in blood pressure in the 20% group (126 ± 2 Hg 20% sham vs. 113 ± 4 Hg 20% denervated (P < 0.05). We confirm that the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system assessed by urinary angiotensinogen/creatinine is upregulated in offspring of rats fed a 6% protein diet rats compared to 20% controls. To determine if sympathetic nerve activity was mediating the increase in urinary angiotensinogen in programmed rats, we compared denervated to sham‐operated control and programmed rats. Renal denervation had no effect on urinary angiotensinogen/creatinine ratio in the 20% group and no effect on the increased urinary angiotensinogen/creatinine ratio found in programmed rats. This study demonstrates that the increase in urinary angiotensinogen in programmed rats is not mediated by renal sympathetic nerve activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asifhusen Mansuri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Susan K Legan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jyoti Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Issa Alhamoud
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jyothsna Gattineni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michel Baum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Urushihara M, Kagami S. Role of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in the progression of renal disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:1471-1479. [PMID: 27380400 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has many well-documented pathophysiologic functions in both blood pressure regulation and renal disease development. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the major bioactive product of the RAS. It induces inflammation, renal cell growth, mitogenesis, apoptosis, migration, and differentiation. In addition, Ang II regulates the gene expression of bioactive substances and activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways that are involved in renal damage. Activation of the Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor pathway results in the production of proinflammatory mediators, intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species, cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix synthesis, which in turn facilities renal injury. Involvement of angiotensinogen (AGT) in intrarenal RAS activation and development of renal disease has previously been reported. Moreover, studies have demonstrated that the urinary excretion rates of AGT provide a specific index of the intrarenal RAS status. Enhanced intrarenal AGT levels have been observed in experimental models of renal disease, supporting the concept that AGT plays an important role in the development and progression of renal disease. In this review, we focus on the role of intrarenal RAS activation in the pathophysiology of renal disease. Additionally, we explored the potential of urinary AGT as a novel biomarker of intrarenal RAS status in renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Urushihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Shoji Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li XC, Zhuo JL. Recent Updates on the Proximal Tubule Renin-Angiotensin System in Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2017; 18:63. [PMID: 27372447 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-016-0668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) exists not only as circulating, paracrine (cell to cell), but also intracrine (intracellular) system. In the kidney, however, it is difficult to dissect the respective contributions of circulating RAS versus intrarenal RAS to the physiological regulation of proximal tubular Na(+) reabsorption and hypertension. Here, we review recent studies to provide an update in this research field with a focus on the proximal tubular RAS in angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension. Careful analysis of available evidence supports the hypothesis that both local synthesis or formation and AT1 (AT1a) receptor- and/or megalin-mediated uptake of angiotensinogen (AGT), ANG I and ANG II contribute to high levels of ANG II in the proximal tubules of the kidney. Under physiological conditions, nearly all major components of the RAS including AGT, prorenin, renin, ANG I, and ANG II would be filtered by the glomerulus and taken up by the proximal tubules. In ANG II-dependent hypertension, the expression of AGT, prorenin, and (pro)renin receptors, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is upregulated rather than downregulated in the kidney. Furthermore, hypertension damages the glomerular filtration barrier, which augments the filtration of circulating AGT, prorenin, renin, ANG I, and ANG II and their uptake in the proximal tubules. Together, increased local ANG II formation and augmented uptake of circulating ANG II in the proximal tubules, via activation of AT1 (AT1a) receptors and Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3, may provide a powerful feedforward mechanism for promoting Na(+) retention and the development of ANG II-induced hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao C Li
- Laboratory of Receptor and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
| | - Jia L Zhuo
- Laboratory of Receptor and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Preeclampsia and the brain: neural control of cardiovascular changes during pregnancy and neurological outcomes of preeclampsia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1417-34. [PMID: 27389588 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a form of gestational hypertension that complicates ∼5% of pregnancies worldwide. Over 70% of the fatal cases of PE are attributed to cerebral oedema, intracranial haemorrhage and eclampsia. The aetiology of PE originates from abnormal remodelling of the maternal spiral arteries, creating an ischaemic placenta that releases factors that drive the pathophysiology. An initial neurological outcome of PE is the absence of the autonomically regulated cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy. PE patients exhibit sympathetic overactivation, in comparison with both normotensive pregnant and hypertensive non-pregnant females. Moreover, PE diminishes baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) beyond that observed in healthy pregnancy. The absence of the cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy, combined with sympathovagal imbalance and a blunted BRS leads to life-threatening neurological outcomes. Behaviourally, the increased incidences of maternal depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in PE are correlated to low fetal birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and premature birth. This review addresses these neurological consequences of PE that present in the gravid female both during and after the index pregnancy.
Collapse
|
42
|
Pingili AK, Davidge KN, Thirunavukkarasu S, Khan NS, Katsurada A, Majid DSA, Gonzalez FJ, Navar LG, Malik KU. 2-Methoxyestradiol Reduces Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Renal Dysfunction in Ovariectomized Female and Intact Male Mice. Hypertension 2017; 69:1104-1112. [PMID: 28416584 PMCID: PMC5426976 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1B1 protects against angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension and associated cardiovascular changes in female mice, most likely via production of 2-methoxyestradiol. This study was conducted to determine whether 2-methoxyestradiol ameliorates Ang II-induced hypertension, renal dysfunction, and end-organ damage in intact Cyp1b1-/-, ovariectomized female, and Cyp1b1+/+ male mice. Ang II or vehicle was infused for 2 weeks and administered concurrently with 2-methoxyestradiol. Mice were placed in metabolic cages on day 12 of Ang II infusion for urine collection for 24 hours. 2-Methoxyestradiol reduced Ang II-induced increases in systolic blood pressure, water consumption, urine output, and proteinuria in intact female Cyp1b1-/- and ovariectomized mice. 2-Methoxyestradiol also reduced Ang II-induced increase in blood pressure, water intake, urine output, and proteinuria in Cyp1b1+/+ male mice. Treatment with 2-methoxyestradiol attenuated Ang II-induced end-organ damage in intact Cyp1b1-/- and ovariectomized Cyp1b1+/+ and Cyp1b1-/- female mice and Cyp1b1+/+ male mice. 2-Methoxyestradiol mitigated Ang II-induced increase in urinary excretion of angiotensinogen in intact Cyp1b1-/- and ovariectomized Cyp1b1+/+ and Cyp1b1-/- female mice but not in Cyp1b1+/+ male mice. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 antagonist G-15 failed to alter Ang II-induced increases in blood pressure and renal function in Cyp1b1+/+ female mice. These data suggest that 2-methoxyestradiol reduces Ang II-induced hypertension and associated end-organ damage in intact Cyp1b1-/-, ovariectomized Cyp1b1+/+ and Cyp1b1-/- female mice, and Cyp1b1+/+ male mice independent of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1. Therefore, 2-methoxyestradiol could serve as a therapeutic agent for treating hypertension and associated pathogenesis in postmenopausal females, and in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeeth K Pingili
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.K.P., K.N.D., S.T., N.S.K., K.U.M.); Department of Physiology, Hypertension & Renal Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - Karen N Davidge
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.K.P., K.N.D., S.T., N.S.K., K.U.M.); Department of Physiology, Hypertension & Renal Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - Shyamala Thirunavukkarasu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.K.P., K.N.D., S.T., N.S.K., K.U.M.); Department of Physiology, Hypertension & Renal Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - Nayaab S Khan
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.K.P., K.N.D., S.T., N.S.K., K.U.M.); Department of Physiology, Hypertension & Renal Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - Akemi Katsurada
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.K.P., K.N.D., S.T., N.S.K., K.U.M.); Department of Physiology, Hypertension & Renal Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - Dewan S A Majid
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.K.P., K.N.D., S.T., N.S.K., K.U.M.); Department of Physiology, Hypertension & Renal Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.K.P., K.N.D., S.T., N.S.K., K.U.M.); Department of Physiology, Hypertension & Renal Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - L Gabriel Navar
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.K.P., K.N.D., S.T., N.S.K., K.U.M.); Department of Physiology, Hypertension & Renal Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - Kafait U Malik
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.K.P., K.N.D., S.T., N.S.K., K.U.M.); Department of Physiology, Hypertension & Renal Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.).
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang L, Zhou Y, Wu Q, Fan W, Ye J, Chen Y, Wu Y, Niu J, Gu Y. Effective prediction of preeclampsia by measuring serum angiotensin II, urinary angiotensinogen and urinary transforming growth factor β1. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:391-397. [PMID: 28672944 PMCID: PMC5488619 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to analyze serum angiotensin II (Ang II), urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) and urinary transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) levels in relation to the clinical manifestation of preeclampsia, and to explore the effects of circulating and renal renin angiotensin system (RAS) in preeclampsia patients. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate serum Ang II, urinary AGT and urinary TGFβ1 in preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension and normotensive pregnancy patients. The correlation between urinary AGT and serum Ang II, urinary TGFβ1, blood pressure and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) were then analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were also constructed. Negative correlations were observed between urinary AGT and blood pressure, and urinary AGT and ACR, whereas positive correlations were found between urinary AGT and serum Ang II, and urinary AFT and TGFβ1. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) of AGT was 0.841 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.742–0.940, P<0.001], which was significantly higher than that of serum Ang II or urinary TGFβ1 (P<0.001). The optimal cut-off value of urinary AGT at 193 ng/l showed a high diagnostic value in preeclampsia. The AUC of combined serum Ang II, urinary AGT and urinary TGFβ1 was 0.918 (95% CI: 0.845–0.990, P<0.001), with a sensitivity of 83.9% and a specificity of 89.7%. Decreased levels of urinary AGT in preeclampsia patients suggested that local renal RAS was suppressed, and this was associated with hypertension and proteinuria. A high value preeclampsia diagnosis could be achieved by measuring urinary AGT or a combination of urinary AGT, serum Ang II and urinary TGFβ1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yunjiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Niu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lee MJ, Kim SS, Kim IJ, Song SH, Kim EH, Seo JY, Kim JH, Kim S, Jeon YK, Kim BH, Kim YK. Changes in Urinary Angiotensinogen Associated with Deterioration of Kidney Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:782-788. [PMID: 28378551 PMCID: PMC5383610 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.5.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) is potentially a specific biomarker for the status of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in patients with diabetes mellitus. We explored whether changes in urinary AGT excretion levels were associated with the deterioration of kidney function in type 2 diabetes patients with preserved kidney function. Urinary baseline AGT levels were measured in 118 type 2 diabetic patients who were not taking RAS blockers and who had estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m². A total of 91 patients were followed-up for 52 months. Changes in urinary levels of AGT (ΔAGT) were calculated by subtracting urinary AGT/creatinine (Cr) at baseline from urinary AGT/Cr after 1 year. ΔAGT was significantly inversely correlated with annual eGFR change (β = -0.29, P = 0.006; β = -0.37, P = 0.001 after adjusting for clinical factors). RAS blockers were prescribed in 36.3% of patients (n = 33) during follow-up. The ΔAGT values were lower in the RAS blockers users than in the non-RAS blockers users, but the differences were not statistically significant (7.37 ± 75.88 vs. 22.55 ± 57.45 μg/g Cr, P = 0.081). The ΔAGT values remained significantly correlated with the annual rate of eGFR change (β = -0.41, P = 0.001) in the patients who did not use RAS blockers, but no such correlation was evident in the patients who did. ΔAGT is inversely correlated with annual changes in eGFR in type 2 diabetes patients with preserved kidney function, particularly in RAS blocker-naïve patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Heui Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sungsu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Kim
- Kim Yong Ki Internal Medicine Clinic, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
LIPIEC K, ADAMCZYK P, ŚWIĘTOCHOWSKA E, ZIORA K, SZCZEPAŃSKA M. Angiotensinogen and Interleukin-18 as Markers of Chronic Kidney Damage in Children With a History of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Physiol Res 2017; 66:251-261. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a type of thrombotic microangiopathy, in the course of which some patients may develop chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is clinically important to investigate the markers of a poor prognosis. The levels of angiotensinogen (AGT) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in serum and urine were evaluated. Study was conducted in 29 children with a history of HUS. Serum and urine AGT concentration was significantly higher in children after HUS as compared to the control group. No differences depending on the type of HUS and gender were noted. The serum concentration of IL-18 in children after HUS was significantly lower, whereas in urine did not differ significantly between the sick and healthy children. A negative correlation between the concentration of AGT in serum and albuminuria in patients after HUS was detected. The results indicate that the concentration of AGT in serum and urine in children after HUS increases, which may indicate the activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The statement, that AGT may be a good biomarker of CKD after acute kidney injury due to HUS requires prospective studies with follow-up from the acute phase of the disease on a larger group of patients. Reduced IL-18 serum concentration in children after HUS with no difference in its urine concentration may indicate a loss of the protective effects of this cytokine on renal function due to previously occurred HUS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M. SZCZEPAŃSKA
- Department and Clinic of Pediatrics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ramkumar N, Stuart D, Calquin M, Wang S, Niimura F, Matsusaka T, Kohan DE. Possible role for nephron-derived angiotensinogen in angiotensin-II dependent hypertension. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/1/e12675. [PMID: 26755736 PMCID: PMC4760401 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of intranephron angiotensinogen (AGT) in blood pressure (BP) regulation is not fully understood. Previous studies showed that proximal tubule‐specific overexpression of AGT increases BP, whereas proximal tubule‐specific deletion of AGT did not alter BP. The latter study may not have completely eliminated nephron AGT production; in addition, BP was only assessed on a normal salt diet. To evaluate this issue in greater detail, we developed mice with inducible nephron‐wide AGT deletion. Mice were generated which were hemizygous for the Pax8‐rtTA and LC‐1 transgenes and homozygous for loxP‐flanked AGT alleles to achieve nephron‐wide AGT disruption after doxycycline induction. Compared to controls, AGT knockout (KO) mice demonstrated markedly reduced renal AGT immunostaining, mRNA, and protein levels; unexpectedly AGT KO mice had reduced AGT mRNA levels in the liver along with 50% reduction in plasma AGT levels. BP was significantly lower in the AGT KO mice compared to controls fed a normal, low, or high Na+ intake, with the highest BP reduction on a low Na+ diet. Regardless of Na+ intake, AGT KO mice had higher plasma renin concentration (PRC) and markedly reduced urinary AGT levels compared to controls. Following angiotensin‐II (Ang‐II) infusion, AGT KO mice demonstrated an attenuated hypertensive response despite similar suppression of PRC in the two groups. Taken together, these data suggest that nephron‐derived AGT may be involved in Ang‐II‐dependent hypertension, however, a clear role for nephron‐derived AGT in physiological BP regulation remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Ramkumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Deborah Stuart
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matias Calquin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Shuping Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Fumio Niimura
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Song K, Stuart D, Abraham N, Wang F, Wang S, Yang T, Sigmund CD, Kohan DE, Ramkumar N. Collecting Duct Renin Does Not Mediate DOCA-Salt Hypertension or Renal Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159872. [PMID: 27467376 PMCID: PMC4965005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Collecting duct (CD)-derived renin is involved in the hypertensive response to chronic angiotensin-II (Ang-II) administration. However, whether CD renin is involved in Ang-II independent hypertension is currently unknown. To begin to examine this, 12 week old male and female CD-specific renin knock out (KO) mice and their littermate controls were subjected to uni-nephrectomy followed by 2 weeks of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) infusion combined with a high salt diet. Radiotelemetric blood pressure (BP) was similar between KO and control mice at baseline; BP increased in both groups to a similar degree throughout the 2 weeks of DOCA-salt treatment. Urinary albumin excretion and plasma blood urea nitrogen were comparable between the two groups after DOCA-salt treatment. Fibrosis as assessed by Masson’s Trichrome stain/Sirius Red stain and collagen-1 mRNA expression was similar between control and KO mice. Compared to baseline, DOCA-salt treatment decreased plasma renin concentration (PRC), urinary renin excretion and medullary renin mRNA expression in both floxed and CD renin KO mice with no detectable differences between the two groups. Further, in primary culture of rat inner medullary CD, aldosterone treatment did not change renin activity or total renin content. Taken together, these data suggest that CD derived renin does not play a role in DOCA-salt hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow City, China
| | - Deborah Stuart
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Nikita Abraham
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Fei Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Shuping Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Donald E. Kohan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Nirupama Ramkumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Haller H, Park JK, Lindschau C, Meyer M, Menne J. Intrarenal renin-angiotensin system — important player of the local milieu. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 7:122-5. [PMID: 17083066 DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2006.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shao W, Miyata K, Katsurada A, Satou R, Seth DM, Rosales CB, Prieto MC, Mitchell KD, Navar LG. Increased angiotensinogen expression, urinary angiotensinogen excretion, and tissue injury in nonclipped kidneys of two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F278-90. [PMID: 27194718 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00419.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent hypertension, there is an angiotensin type 1 receptor-dependent amplification mechanism enhancing intrarenal angiotensinogen (AGT) formation and secretion in the tubular fluid. To evaluate the role of increased arterial pressure, AGT mRNA, protein expression, and urinary AGT (uAGT) excretion and tissue injury were assessed in both kidneys of two-kidney, one-clip Sprague-Dawley hypertensive rats subjected to left renal arterial clipping (0.25-mm gap). By 18-21 days, systolic arterial pressure increased to 180 ± 3 mmHg, and uAGT increased. Water intake, body weights, 24-h urine volumes, and sodium excretion were similar. In separate measurements of renal function in anesthetized rats, renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were similar in clipped and nonclipped kidneys and not different from those in sham rats, indicating that the perfusion pressure to the clipped kidneys remained within the autoregulatory range. The nonclipped kidneys exhibited increased urine flow and sodium excretion. The uAGT excretion was significantly greater in nonclipped kidneys compared with clipped and sham kidneys. AGT mRNA was 2.15-fold greater in the nonclipped kidneys compared with sham (1.0 ± 0.1) or clipped (0.98 ± 0.15) kidneys. AGT protein levels were also greater in the nonclipped kidneys. The nonclipped kidneys exhibited greater glomerular expansion and immune cell infiltration, medullary fibrosis, and cellular proliferation than the clipped kidneys. Because both kidneys have elevated ANG II levels, the greater tissue injury in the nonclipped kidneys indicates that an increased arterial pressure synergizes with increased intrarenal ANG II to stimulate AGT production and exert greater renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Shao
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kayoko Miyata
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Akemi Katsurada
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ryousuke Satou
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Dale M Seth
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Carla B Rosales
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Minolfa C Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kenneth D Mitchell
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - L Gabriel Navar
- Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pingili AK, Thirunavukkarasu S, Kara M, Brand DD, Katsurada A, Majid DSA, Navar LG, Gonzalez FJ, Malik KU. 6β-Hydroxytestosterone, a Cytochrome P450 1B1-Testosterone-Metabolite, Mediates Angiotensin II-Induced Renal Dysfunction in Male Mice. Hypertension 2016; 67:916-26. [PMID: 26928804 PMCID: PMC4833582 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
6β-Hydroxytestosterone, a cytochrome P450 1B1-derived metabolite of testosterone, contributes to the development of angiotensin II-induced hypertension and associated cardiovascular pathophysiology. In view of the critical role of angiotensin II in the maintenance of renal homeostasis, development of hypertension, and end-organ damage, this study was conducted to determine the contribution of 6β-hydroxytestosterone to angiotensin II actions on water consumption and renal function in male Cyp1b1(+/+) and Cyp1b1(-/-) mice. Castration of Cyp1b1(+/+) mice or Cyp1b1(-/-) gene disruption minimized the angiotensin II-induced increase in water consumption, urine output, proteinuria, and sodium excretion and decreases in urine osmolality. 6β-Hydroxytestosterone did not alter angiotensin II-induced increases in water intake, urine output, proteinuria, and sodium excretion or decreases in osmolality in Cyp1b1(+/+) mice, but restored these effects of angiotensin II in Cyp1b1(-/-) or castrated Cyp1b1(+/+) mice. Cyp1b1 gene disruption or castration prevented angiotensin II-induced renal fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, urinary excretion of angiotensinogen, expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor, and angiotensin-converting enzyme. 6β-Hydroxytestosterone did not alter angiotensin II-induced renal fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, urinary excretion of angiotensinogen, expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor, or angiotensin-converting enzyme in Cyp1b1(+/+)mice. However, in Cyp1b1(-/-) or castrated Cyp1b1(+/+) mice, it restored these effects of angiotensin II. These data indicate that 6β-hydroxytestosterone contributes to increased thirst, impairment of renal function, and end-organ injury associated with angiotensin II-induced hypertension in male mice and that cytochrome P450 1B1 could serve as a novel target for treating renal disease and hypertension in male mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeeth K Pingili
- From the Department of Pharmacology (A.K.P., S.T., M.K., K.U.M.) and Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry (D.D.B.), College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN (D.D.B.); Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - Shyamala Thirunavukkarasu
- From the Department of Pharmacology (A.K.P., S.T., M.K., K.U.M.) and Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry (D.D.B.), College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN (D.D.B.); Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - Mehmet Kara
- From the Department of Pharmacology (A.K.P., S.T., M.K., K.U.M.) and Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry (D.D.B.), College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN (D.D.B.); Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - David D Brand
- From the Department of Pharmacology (A.K.P., S.T., M.K., K.U.M.) and Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry (D.D.B.), College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN (D.D.B.); Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - Akemi Katsurada
- From the Department of Pharmacology (A.K.P., S.T., M.K., K.U.M.) and Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry (D.D.B.), College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN (D.D.B.); Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - Dewan S A Majid
- From the Department of Pharmacology (A.K.P., S.T., M.K., K.U.M.) and Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry (D.D.B.), College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN (D.D.B.); Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - L Gabriel Navar
- From the Department of Pharmacology (A.K.P., S.T., M.K., K.U.M.) and Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry (D.D.B.), College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN (D.D.B.); Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- From the Department of Pharmacology (A.K.P., S.T., M.K., K.U.M.) and Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry (D.D.B.), College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN (D.D.B.); Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - Kafait U Malik
- From the Department of Pharmacology (A.K.P., S.T., M.K., K.U.M.) and Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry (D.D.B.), College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN (D.D.B.); Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (A.K., D.S.A.M., L.G.N.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.).
| |
Collapse
|