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Vasodilatory Effect of Alpinia officinarum Extract in Rat Mesenteric Arteries. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092711. [PMID: 35566064 PMCID: PMC9104054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alpinia officinarum (A. officinarum) is known to exhibit a beneficial effect for anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. However, no sufficient research data are available on the cardiovascular effect of A. officinarum. Thus, in this study, we investigate whether A. officinarum extract has direct effects on vascular reactivity. Methods: To examine whether A. officinarum extract affects vascular functionality, we measured isometric tension in rat mesenteric resistance arteries using a wire myograph. After arteries were pre-contracted with high-K+ (70 mM), phenylephrine (5 µM), or U46619 (1 µM), A. officinarum extract was treated. Results: A. officinarum extract induced vasodilation in a concentration-dependent manner, and this effect was endothelium independent. To further investigate the mechanism, we incubated arteries in a Ca2+-free and high-K+ solution, followed by the cumulative addition of CaCl2 (0.01–2.5 mM) with or without A. officinarum extract (30 µg/mL). Pre-treatment of A. officinarum extract reduced the contractile responses induced by cumulative administration of Ca2+, which suggests that extracellular Ca2+ influx was inhibited by the treatment of A. officinarum extract. These results were associated with a reduction in phosphorylated MLC20 in VSMCs treated with A. officinarum extract. Furthermore, eucalyptol, an active compound of A. officinarum extract, had a similar effect as A. officinarum extract, which causes vasodilation in mesenteric resistance arteries. Conclusion: A. officinarum extract and its active compound eucalyptol induce concentration-dependent vasodilation in mesenteric resistance arteries. These results suggest that administration of A. officinarum extract could exert beneficial effects to treat high blood pressure.
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Kashyap SS, Verma S, McHugh M, Wolday M, Williams PD, Robertson AP, Martin RJ. Anthelmintic resistance and homeostatic plasticity (Brugia malayi). Sci Rep 2021; 11:14499. [PMID: 34262123 PMCID: PMC8280109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity refers to the capacity of excitable cells to regulate their activity to make compensatory adjustments to long-lasting stimulation. It is found across the spectrum of vertebrate and invertebrate species and is driven by changes in cytosolic calcium; it has not been explored in parasitic nematodes when treated with therapeutic drugs. Here we have studied the adaptation of Brugia malayi to exposure to the anthelmintic, levamisole that activates muscle AChR ion-channels. We found three phases of the Brugia malayi motility responses as they adapted to levamisole: an initial spastic paralysis; a flaccid paralysis that follows; and finally, a recovery of motility with loss of sensitivity to levamisole at 4 h. Motility, calcium-imaging, patch-clamp and molecular experiments showed the muscle AChRs are dynamic with mechanisms that adjust their subtype composition and sensitivity to levamisole. This homeostatic plasticity allows the parasite to adapt resisting the anthelmintic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanva S Kashyap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Saurabh Verma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Mark McHugh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Mengisteab Wolday
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Paul D Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Alan P Robertson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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3
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Cripps SM, Mattiske DM, Pask AJ. Erectile Dysfunction in Men on the Rise: Is There a Link with Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals? Sex Dev 2021; 15:187-212. [PMID: 34134123 DOI: 10.1159/000516600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions affecting men. ED can arise from disruptions during development, affecting the patterning of erectile tissues in the penis and/or disruptions in adulthood that impact sexual stimuli, neural pathways, molecular changes, and endocrine signalling that are required to drive erection. Sexual stimulation activates the parasympathetic system which causes nerve terminals in the penis to release nitric oxide (NO). As a result, the penile blood vessels dilate, allowing the penis to engorge with blood. This expansion subsequently compresses the veins surrounding the erectile tissue, restricting venous outflow. As a result, the blood pressure localised in the penis increases dramatically to produce a rigid erection, a process known as tumescence. The sympathetic pathway releases noradrenaline (NA) which causes detumescence: the reversion of the penis to the flaccid state. Androgen signalling is critical for erectile function through its role in penis development and in regulating the physiological processes driving erection in the adult. Interestingly, estrogen signalling is also implicated in penis development and potentially in processes which regulate erectile function during adulthood. Given that endocrine signalling has a prominent role in erectile function, it is likely that exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is a risk factor for ED, although this is an under-researched field. Thus, our review provides a detailed description of the underlying biology of erectile function with a focus on the role of endocrine signalling, exploring the potential link between EDCs and ED based on animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Cripps
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deidre M Mattiske
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Pask
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Payen VL, Lavergne A, Alevra Sarika N, Colonval M, Karim L, Deckers M, Najimi M, Coppieters W, Charloteaux B, Sokal EM, El Taghdouini A. Single-cell RNA sequencing of human liver reveals hepatic stellate cell heterogeneity. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100278. [PMID: 34027339 PMCID: PMC8121977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The multiple vital functions of the human liver are performed by highly specialised parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells organised in complex collaborative sinusoidal units. Although crucial for homeostasis, the cellular make-up of the human liver remains to be fully elucidated. Here, single-cell RNA-sequencing was used to unravel the heterogeneity of human liver cells, in particular of hepatocytes (HEPs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Method The transcriptome of ~25,000 freshly isolated human liver cells was profiled using droplet-based RNA-sequencing. Recently published data sets and RNA in situ hybridisation were integrated to validate and locate newly identified cell populations. Results In total, 22 cell populations were annotated that reflected the heterogeneity of human parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells. More than 20,000 HEPs were ordered along the portocentral axis to confirm known, and reveal previously undescribed, zonated liver functions. The existence of 2 subpopulations of human HSCs with unique gene expression signatures and distinct intralobular localisation was revealed (i.e. portal and central vein-concentrated GPC3+ HSCs and perisinusoidally located DBH+ HSCs). In particular, these data suggest that, although both subpopulations collaborate in the production and organisation of extracellular matrix, GPC3+ HSCs specifically express genes involved in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans, whereas DBH+ HSCs display a gene signature that is reminiscent of antigen-presenting cells. Conclusions This study highlights metabolic zonation as a key determinant of HEP transcriptomic heterogeneity and, for the first time, outlines the existence of heterogeneous HSC subpopulations in the human liver. These findings call for further research on the functional implications of liver cell heterogeneity in health and disease. Lay summary This study resolves the cellular landscape of the human liver in an unbiased manner and at high resolution to provide new insights into human liver cell biology. The results highlight the physiological heterogeneity of human hepatic stellate cells. A cell atlas from the near-native transcriptome of >25,000 human liver cells is presented. Hepatocytes were ordered along the portocentral axis to reveal previously undescribed gene expression patterns and zonated liver functions. Two subpopulations of human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are reported, characterised by different spatial distribution in the native tissue. Characteristic gene signatures of HSC subpopulations are suggestive of far-reaching functional differences.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CC, cholangiocyte
- CV, central vein
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- EC, endothelial cell
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Extracellular matrix
- FFPE, formaldehyde-fixed paraffin embedded
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus
- GO, gene ontology
- HEP, hepatocyte
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Hepatocyte
- ISH, in situ hybridisation
- KLR, killer lectin-like receptor
- LP, lymphoid cell
- Liver cell atlas
- MP, macrophage
- MZ, midzonal
- PC, pericentral
- PP, periportal
- PV, portal vein
- TBS, Tris buffered saline
- TSA, tyramide signal amplification
- UMAP, uniform manifold approximation and projection
- UMI, unique molecular identifier
- VIM, vimentin
- Zonation
- scRNA-seq, single-cell RNA-sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry L. Payen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), LDRI Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Lavergne
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Niki Alevra Sarika
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), LDRI Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Megan Colonval
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Latifa Karim
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Manon Deckers
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wouter Coppieters
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Etienne M. Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Corresponding authors. Address: Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 52 Box B1.52.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Adil El Taghdouini
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Corresponding authors. Address: Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 52 Box B1.52.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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EPAC in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145160. [PMID: 32708284 PMCID: PMC7404248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are major components of blood vessels. They regulate physiological functions, such as vascular tone and blood flow. Under pathological conditions, VSMCs undergo a remodeling process known as phenotypic switching. During this process, VSMCs lose their contractility and acquire a synthetic phenotype, where they over-proliferate and migrate from the tunica media to the tunica interna, contributing to the occlusion of blood vessels. Since their discovery as effector proteins of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP), exchange proteins activated by cAMP (EPACs) have been shown to play vital roles in a plethora of pathways in different cell systems. While extensive research to identify the role of EPAC in the vasculature has been conducted, much remains to be explored to resolve the reported discordance in EPAC’s effects. In this paper, we review the role of EPAC in VSMCs, namely its regulation of the vascular tone and phenotypic switching, with the likely involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the interplay between EPAC and its targets/effectors.
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Evaristo Rodrigues da Silva R, de Alencar Silva A, Pereira-de-Morais L, de Sousa Almeida N, Iriti M, Kerntopf MR, de Menezes IRA, Coutinho HDM, Barbosa R. Relaxant Effect of Monoterpene (-)-Carveol on Isolated Human Umbilical Cord Arteries and the Involvement of Ion Channels. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112681. [PMID: 32527034 PMCID: PMC7321233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Carveol is a monoterpene present in the structure of many plant products. It has a variety of biological activities: antioxidant, anticancer and vasorelaxation. However, studies investigating the effect of monoterpenoids on human vessels have not yet been described. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the effect of (−)-carveol on human umbilical arteries (HUAs). HUA ring preparations were isolated and subjected to isometric tension recordings of umbilical artery smooth muscle contractions. (−)-Carveol exhibited a significant vasorelaxant effect on KCl and 5-HT-induced contractions, obtaining EC50 values of 344.25 ± 8.4 and 175.82 ± 4.05 µM, respectively. The participation of calcium channels in the relaxation produced by (−)-carveol was analyzed using vessels pre-incubated with (−)-carveol (2000 µM) in a calcium-free medium, where the induction of contractions was abolished. The vasorelaxant effect of (−)-carveol on HUAs was reduced by tetraethylammonium (TEA), which increased the (−)-carveol EC50 to 484.87 ± 6.55 µM. The present study revealed that (−)-carveol possesses a vasorelaxant activity in HUAs, which was dependent on the opening of calcium and potassium channels. These results pave the way for further studies involving the use of monoterpenoids for the vasodilatation of HUAs. These molecules have the potential to treat diseases such as pre-eclampsia, which is characterized by resistance in umbilical arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Evaristo Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Andressa de Alencar Silva
- PhD student Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Higher Institute of Biomedical Sciences State University of Ceará–UECE, Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil;
| | - Luís Pereira-de-Morais
- PhD student in Biotechnology by the Northeastern Biotechnology Network - RENORBIO, State University of Ceará-UECE, Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil;
| | - Nayane de Sousa Almeida
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390-250316766
| | - Marta Regina Kerntopf
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Roseli Barbosa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
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7
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Barry DM, McMillan EA, Kunar B, Lis R, Zhang T, Lu T, Daniel E, Yokoyama M, Gomez-Salinero JM, Sureshbabu A, Cleaver O, Di Lorenzo A, Choi ME, Xiang J, Redmond D, Rabbany SY, Muthukumar T, Rafii S. Molecular determinants of nephron vascular specialization in the kidney. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5705. [PMID: 31836710 PMCID: PMC6910926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although kidney parenchymal tissue can be generated in vitro, reconstructing the complex vasculature of the kidney remains a daunting task. The molecular pathways that specify and sustain functional, phenotypic and structural heterogeneity of the kidney vasculature are unknown. Here, we employ high-throughput bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing of the non-lymphatic endothelial cells (ECs) of the kidney to identify the molecular pathways that dictate vascular zonation from embryos to adulthood. We show that the kidney manifests vascular-specific signatures expressing defined transcription factors, ion channels, solute transporters, and angiocrine factors choreographing kidney functions. Notably, the ontology of the glomerulus coincides with induction of unique transcription factors, including Tbx3, Gata5, Prdm1, and Pbx1. Deletion of Tbx3 in ECs results in glomerular hypoplasia, microaneurysms and regressed fenestrations leading to fibrosis in subsets of glomeruli. Deciphering the molecular determinants of kidney vascular signatures lays the foundation for rebuilding nephrons and uncovering the pathogenesis of kidney disorders. The kidney is vascularized with highly specialized and zonated endothelial cells that are essential for its filtration function. Here, Barry et al. provide a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the kidney vasculature that highlights its transcriptional heterogeneity and uncovers pathways important for its development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Barry
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A McMillan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Balvir Kunar
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Raphael Lis
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tyler Lu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Edward Daniel
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Masataka Yokoyama
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jesus M Gomez-Salinero
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Angara Sureshbabu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Annarita Di Lorenzo
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mary E Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jenny Xiang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David Redmond
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sina Y Rabbany
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Thangamani Muthukumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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8
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Kee HJ, Ryu Y, Seok YM, Choi SY, Sun S, Kim GR, Jeong MH. Selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 8 improves vascular hypertrophy, relaxation, and inflammation in angiotensin II hypertensive mice. Clin Hypertens 2019; 25:13. [PMID: 31223486 PMCID: PMC6570901 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-019-0118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dysregulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) protein expression or its enzyme activity is implicated in a variety of diseases. Cardiac HDAC6 and HDAC8 enzyme activity induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) hypertension was attenuated by sodium valproate, a pan-HDAC inhibitor. However, the HDAC6-selective inhibitor, tubastatin A, did not attenuate angiotensin II-induced hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether PCI34051, an HDAC8-selective inhibitor, can modulate angiotensin II-induced hypertension and its regulatory mechanism. Methods An angiotensin II-regulated mouse model was used in this study. Animals received vehicle or PCI34051 (3 mg·kg - 1·day- 1) via intraperitoneal injection. Systolic blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. Blood vessel thickness was measured following hematoxylin and eosin staining, VCAM-1 immunohistochemistry was performed in the aortas, and mRNA expression of renin-angiotensin system components, inflammation markers, and NADPH oxidase (Nox) was determined by RT-PCR. The effect of PCI34051 on vasorelaxation was studied in rat aortic rings, and its effect on nitric oxide (NO) production was determined using DAF-FM DA, a fluorescent dye, in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results PCI34051 administration reduced systolic blood pressure via downregulation of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) mRNA expression. PCI34051 treatment attenuated vascular hypertrophy by decreasing E2F3 and GATA6 mRNA expression. Vascular relaxation after PCI34051 treatment was more dependent on vascular endothelial cells and it was blocked by an NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. In addition, NO production increased in HUVECs after PCI34051 treatment; this was decreased by the NOS inhibitor. The expression of inflammatory molecules and adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 decreased in the aortas of angiotensin II-infused mice after PCI34051 administration. However, PCI34051 did not affect Nox or its regulatory subunits. Conclusions PCI34051 lowered high blood pressure through modulation of arterial remodeling, vasoconstriction, and inflammation in an angiotensin II-induced hypertension model. We suggest that HDAC8 could be a potential therapeutic target for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea.,2Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhee Ryu
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea.,2Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Seok
- 3National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Hwarang-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Young Choi
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea.,2Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea.,4Molecular Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea
| | - Simei Sun
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea.,2Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea.,4Molecular Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi Ran Kim
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea.,2Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea.,2Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea
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9
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Guix FX, Sartório CL, Ill-Raga G. BACE1 Translation: At the Crossroads Between Alzheimer's Disease Neurodegeneration and Memory Consolidation. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2019; 3:113-148. [PMID: 31259308 PMCID: PMC6597968 DOI: 10.3233/adr-180089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human life unfolds not only in time and space, but also in the recollection and interweaving of memories. Therefore, individual human identity depends fully on a proper access to the autobiographical memory. Such access is hindered under pathological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, which affects millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, no effective cure exists to prevent this disorder, the impact of which will rise alarmingly within the next decades. While Alzheimer’s disease is largely considered to be the outcome of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide accumulation in the brain, conceiving this complex disorder strictly as the result of Aβ-neurotoxicity is perhaps a too straight-line simplification. Instead, complementary to this view, the tableau of molecular disarrangements in the Alzheimer’s disease brain may be reflecting, at least in part, a loss of function phenotype in memory processing. Here we take BACE1 translation and degradation as a gateway to study molecular mechanisms putatively involved in the transition between memory and neurodegeneration. BACE1 participates in the excision of Aβ-peptide from its precursor holoprotein, but plays a role in synaptic plasticity too. Its translation is governed by eIF2α phosphorylation: a hub integrating cellular responses to stress, but also a critical switch in memory consolidation. Paralleling these dualities, the eIF2α-kinase HRI has been shown to be a nitric oxide-dependent physiological activator of hippocampal BACE1 translation. Finally, beholding BACE1 as a representative protease active in the CNS, we venture a new perspective on the cellular basis of memory, which may incorporate neurodegeneration in itself as a drift in memory consolidating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc X Guix
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmem L Sartório
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Gerard Ill-Raga
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Zhong Y, Feng X, Xu T, Yang C, Zhang W, Chen X, Fan X, Lu L, Zhang M, Li L, Xu Z. Inherited risk plus prenatal insult caused malignant dysfunction in mesenteric arteries in adolescent SHR offspring. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215994. [PMID: 31017969 PMCID: PMC6481862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia can induce cardiovascular diseases in the offspring. This study determined whether and how prenatal hypoxia may cause malignant hypertension and impaired vascular functions in spontaneous hypertension rat (SHR) offspring at adolescent stage. Pregnant SHR were placed in a hypoxic chamber (11% O2) or normal environment (21% O2) from gestational day 6 until birth. Body weight and blood pressure (BP) of SHR offspring were measured every week from 5 weeks old. Mesenteric arteries were tested. Gestational hypoxia resulted in growth restriction during 6-12 weeks and a significant elevation in systolic pressure in adolescent offspring at 12 weeks old. Notably, endothelial vasodilatation of mesenteric arteries was impaired in SHR adolescent offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia, vascular responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were reduced, as well as plasma nitric oxide levels and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in vessels were decreased. Moreover, mesenteric arteries in SHR offspring following prenatal hypoxia showed enhanced constriction responses to phenylephrine (PE), associated with up-regulated activities of L-type calcium channel (Ca2+-dependent), RhoA/Rock pathway signaling (Ca2+-sensitization), and intracellular Ca2+ flow. Pressurized myograph demonstrated altered mechanical properties with aggravated stiffness in vessels, while histological analysis revealed vascular structural disorganization in prenatal hypoxia offspring. The results demonstrated that blood pressure and vascular function in young SHR offspring were affected by prenatal hypoxia, providing new information on development of hypertension in adolescent offspring with inherited hypertensive backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhong
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueqin Feng
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunli Yang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (LL)
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Prenatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZX); (LL)
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11
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Vasodilatory effects of mulberry ( Morus spp.) leaf extract on porcine cerebral arteries in vitro : Possible underlying mechanisms. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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12
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Garcia FC, Stiffel VM, Pearce WJ, Zhang L, Gilbert RD. Ca2+ Sensitivity of Fetal Coronary Arteries Exposed to Long-Term, High-Altitude Hypoxia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155760000700304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felizabel C. Garcia
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | | | | | | | - Raymond D. Gilbert
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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Supraja A, Dinesh MG, Rajasekaran S, Balaji TM, Rao SR. Effect of Cyclosporin A and Angiotensin II on cytosolic calcium levels in primary human gingival fibroblasts. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2016; 13:405-412. [PMID: 27857765 PMCID: PMC5090998 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.192276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the effect of Cyclosporin A (CsA) and angiotensin II (Ang II) on cytosolic calcium levels in cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Materials and Methods: Healthy gingival samples from six volunteers were obtained, and primary HGFs were cultured. Cell viability and proliferation assay were performed to identify the ideal concentrations of CsA and Ang II. Cytosolic calcium levels in cultured gingival fibroblasts treated with CsA and Ang II were studied using colorimetric assay, confocal and fluorescence imaging. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS software and GraphPad Prism. Results: Higher levels of cytosolic levels were evident in cells treated with CsA and Ang II when compared to control group and was statistically significant (P < 0.05) in both colorimetric assay and confocal imaging. Fluorescent images of the cultured HGFs revealed the same. Conclusion: Thus calcium being a key player in major cellular functions, plays a major role in the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajitkumar Supraja
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugan Girija Dinesh
- Centres for Indian Systems of Medicine Quality Assurance and Standardization, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subbarayan Rajasekaran
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Ranga Rao
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Souza ILLD, Correia ACDC, Araujo LCDC, Vasconcelos LHC, Silva MDCC, Costa VCDO, Tavares JF, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Cavalcante FDA, Silva BAD. Essential oil from Xylopia frutescens Aubl. reduces cytosolic calcium levels on guinea pig ileum: mechanism underlying its spasmolytic potential. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:327. [PMID: 26376723 PMCID: PMC4573295 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylopia frutescens Aubl. (embira, semente-de-embira or embira-vermelha), is used in folk medicine as antidiarrheal. The essential oil from its leaves (XF-EO) has been found to cause smooth muscle relaxation. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the spasmolytic action by which XF-EO acts on guinea pig ileum. METHODS The components of the XF-EO were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Segments of guinea pig ileum were suspended in organ bath containing modified Krebs solution at 37 °C, bubbled with carbogen mixture under a resting tension of 1 g. Isotonic contractions were registered using kymographs and isometric contractions using force transducer coupled to an amplifier and computer. Fluorescence measurements were obtained with a microplate reader using Fluo-4. RESULTS Forty-three constituents were identified in XF-EO, mostly mono- and sesquiterpenes. XF-EO has been found to cause relaxation on guinea pig ileum. The essential oil inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner both CCh- and histamine-induced phasic contractions, being more potent on histamine-induced contractions as well as antagonized histamine-induced cumulative contractions in a non-competitive antagonism profile. XF-EO relaxed in a concentration-dependent manner the ileum pre-contracted with KCl and histamine. Since the potency was smaller in organ pre-contracted with KCl, it was hypothesized that XF-OE would be acting as a K(+) channel positive modulator. In the presence of CsCl (non-selective K(+) channel blocker), the relaxant potency of XF-OE was not altered, indicating a non-participation of these channels. Moreover, XF-EO inhibited CaCl2-induced cumulative contractions in a depolarizing medium nominally without Ca(2+) and relaxed the ileum pre-contracted with S-(-)-Bay K8644 in a concentration-dependent manner, thus, was confirmed the inhibition of Ca(2+) influx through Cav1 by XF-EO. In cellular experiments, the viability of longitudinal layer myocytes from guinea pig ileum was not altered in the presence of XF-OE and the Fluo-4-associated fluorescence intensity in these intestinal myocytes stimulated by histamine was reduced by the essential oil, indicating a [Ca(2+)]c reduction. CONCLUSION Spasmolytic action mechanism of XF-EO on guinea pig ileum can involve histaminergic receptor antagonism and Ca(2+) influx blockade, which results in [Ca(2+)]c reduction leading to smooth muscle relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | | | - Fabiana de Andrade Cavalcante
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos/Laboratório de Farmacologia Funcional Prof. George Thomas, Cidade, Universitária, P.O. Box 5009, 58051-970, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Bagnólia Araújo da Silva
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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15
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Hayashi M, Kajioka S, Itsumi M, Takahashi R, Shahab N, Ishigami T, Takeda M, Masuda N, Yamaguchi A, Naito S. Actions of cAMP on calcium sensitization in human detrusor smooth muscle contraction. BJU Int 2015; 117:179-91. [PMID: 25981809 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the effect of cAMP on the Ca(2+) -sensitized smooth muscle contraction in human detrusor, as well as the role of novel exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) in cAMP-mediated relaxation. MATERIALS AND METHODS All experimental protocols to record isometric tension force were performed using α-toxin-permeabilized human detrusor smooth muscle strips. The mechanisms of cAMP-mediated suppression of Ca(2+) sensitization activated by 10 μm carbachol (CCh) and 100 μm GTP were studied using a selective rho kinase (ROK) inhibitor, Y-27632, and a selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, GF-109203X. The relaxation mechanisms were further probed using a selective protein kinase A (PKA) activator, 6-Bnz-cAMP and a selective Epac activator, 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP. RESULTS We observed that CCh-induced Ca(2+) sensitization was inhibited by cAMP in a concentration-dependent manner. GF-109203X (10 μm) but not Y-27632 (10 μm) significantly enhanced the relaxation effect induced by cAMP (100 μm). 6-Bnz-cAMP (100 μm) predominantly decreased the tension force in comparison with 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP (100 μm). CONCLUSIONS We showed that cAMP predominantly inhibited the ROK pathway but not the PKC pathway. The PKA-dependent pathway is dominant, while Epac plays a minor role in human detrusor smooth muscle Ca(2+) sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kajioka
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Momoe Itsumi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Nouval Shahab
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Syarif Hidayaullah Jakarta State Islamic University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Takao Ishigami
- Urology Research Unit, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeda
- Urology Research Unit, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Masuda
- Innovation and Research Portfolio Planning, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Seiji Naito
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
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16
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Chronic hypoxia in pregnancy affected vascular tone of renal interlobar arteries in the offspring. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9723. [PMID: 25983078 PMCID: PMC4434890 DOI: 10.1038/srep09723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia during pregnancy could affect development of fetuses as well as cardiovascular systems in the offspring. This study was the first to demonstrate the influence and related mechanisms of prenatal hypoxia (PH) on renal interlobar arteries (RIA) in the 5-month-old male rat offspring. Following chronic hypoxia during pregnancy, phenylephrine induced significantly higher pressor responses and greater vasoconstrictions in the offspring. Nitric oxide mediated vessel relaxation was altered in the RIA. Phenylephrine-stimulated free intracellular calcium was significantly higher in the RIA of the PH group. The activity and expression of L-type calcium channel (Cav1.2), not T-type calcium channel (Cav3.2), was up-regulated. The whole-cell currents of calcium channels and the currents of Cav1.2 were increased compared with the control. In addition, the whole-cell K+ currents were decreased in the offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia. Activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels and the expression of MaxiKα was decreased in the PH group. The results provide new information regarding the influence of prenatal hypoxia on the development of the renal vascular system, and possible underlying cellular and ion channel mechanisms involved.
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17
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Understanding and targeting the Rho kinase pathway in erectile dysfunction. Nat Rev Urol 2014; 11:622-8. [PMID: 25311680 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2014.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common disorder that affects a quarter of US men, and has many causes, including endothelial impairment, low testosterone levels, prior surgical manipulation, and/or psychogenic components. Penile erection is a complex process requiring neurally mediated relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle and engorgement of cavernosal tissues, mediated by nitric oxide (NO). Current medical therapies for ED largely seek to maximize endogenous NO signalling. Certain aetiologies, including diabetes, are difficult to treat with current modalities, emphasizing the need for new molecular targets. Research has demonstrated the importance of RhoA-Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signalling in maintaining a flaccid penile state, and inhibition of RhoA-ROCK signalling potentiates smooth-muscle relaxation in an NO-independent manner. The mechanisms and effects of RhoA-ROCK signalling and inhibition suggest that the RhoA-ROCK pathway could prove to be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of ED.
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18
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de Siqueira RJB, Ribeiro-Filho HV, Freire RS, Cosker F, Freire WBS, Vasconcelos-Silva AA, Soares MA, Lahlou S, Magalhães PJC. (-)-α-Bisabolol inhibits preferentially electromechanical coupling on rat isolated arteries. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:37-45. [PMID: 25128618 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous findings enable us to hypothesize that (-)-α-bisabolol acts as inhibitor of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels in smooth muscle. The current study was aimed at consolidating such hypothesis through the recording of isometric tension, measurement of intracellular Ca(2+) as well as discovery of channel target using in silico analysis. In rat aortic rings, (-)-α-bisabolol (1-1000 µM) relaxed KCl- and phenylephrine-elicited contractions, but the IC50 differed significantly (22.8 [17.6-27.7] and 200.7 [120.4-334.6] µM, respectively). The relaxation of phenylephrine contractions remained unaffected by l-NAME, indomethacin, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, tetraethylammonium, glibenclamide or KT-5720. Under Ca(2+)-free conditions, (-)-α-bisabolol did not alter the contractions evoked by phenylephrine or caffeine whereas it reduced those evoked by CaCl2 in KCl-, but not in PHE-stimulated preparations. Furthermore, it did not significantly alter the contractions evoked by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate or induced by the extracellular Ca(2+) restoration in cyclopiazonic acid-treated preparations. In mesenteric rings loaded with Fluo-4 AM, (-)-α-bisabolol blunted the tension and the cytosolic levels of Ca(2+) in response to K(+) but not to norepinephrine. Silico docking analysis of the Cavβ2a subunit of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel indicated putative docking sites for (-)-α-bisabolol. These findings reinforce the ability of (-)-α-bisabolol to inhibit preferentially contractile responses evoked by Ca(2+) influx through voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J B de Siqueira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - H V Ribeiro-Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - R S Freire
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - F Cosker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - W B S Freire
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A A Vasconcelos-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - M A Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - S Lahlou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - P J C Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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19
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UPLC-DAD/Q-TOF-MS Based Ingredients Identification and Vasorelaxant Effect of Ethanol Extract of Jasmine Flower. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:707908. [PMID: 25628748 PMCID: PMC4055455 DOI: 10.1155/2014/707908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chinese people commonly make jasmine tea for recreation and health care. Actually, its medicinal value needs more exploration. In this study, vasorelaxant effect of ethanol extract of jasmine flower (EEJ) on isolated rat thoracic aorta rings was investigated and [Ca(2+)] was determined in vascular smooth muscle cells by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The result of aorta rings showed that EEJ could cause concentration-dependent relaxation of endothelium-intact rings precontracted with phenylephrine or KCl which was attenuated after preincubation of the rings with L-NAME and three different K(+) channel inhibitors; however, indomethacin and glibenclamide did not affect the vasodilatation of EEJ. In addition, EEJ could inhibit contraction induced by PE on endothelium-denuded rings in Ca(2+)-free medium as well as by accumulation of Ca(2+) in Ca(2+)-free medium with high K(+). LSCM also showed that EEJ could lower the elevated level of [Ca(2+)] induced by KCl. These indicate that the vasodilation of EEJ is in part related to causing the release of nitric oxide, activation of K(+) channels, inhibition of influx of excalcium, and release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum. A total of 20 main ingredients, were identified in EEJ by UPLC-DAD/Q-TOF-MS. The vasodilation activity should be attributed to the high content of flavonoid glycosides and iridoid glycosides found in EEJ.
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20
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Qin X, Hou X, Zhang M, Liang T, Zhi J, Han L, Li Q. Relaxation of rat aorta by farrerol correlates with potency to reduce intracellular calcium of VSMCs. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6641-56. [PMID: 24747597 PMCID: PMC4013652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Farrerol, isolated from Rhododendron dauricum L., has been proven to be an important multifunctional physiologically active component, but its vasoactive mechanism is not clear. The present study was performed to observe the vasoactive effects of farrerol on rat aorta and to investigate the possible underlying mechanisms. Isolated aortic rings of rat were mounted in an organ bath system and the myogenic effects stimulated by farrerol were studied. Intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]in) was measured by molecular probe fluo-4-AM and the activities of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (LVGC) were studied with whole-cell patch clamp in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The results showed that farrerol significantly induced dose-dependent relaxation on aortic rings, while this vasorelaxation was not affected by NG-nitro-l-arginine methylester ester or endothelium denudation. In endothelium-denuded aortas, farrerol also reduced Ca2+-induced contraction on the basis of the stable contraction induced by KCl or phenylephrine (PE) in Ca2+-free solution. Moreover, after incubation with verapamil, farrerol can induce relaxation in endothelium-denuded aortas precontracted by PE, and this effect can be enhanced by ruthenium red, but not by heparin. With laser scanning confocal microscopy method, the farrerol-induced decline of [Ca2+]in in cultured VSMCs was observed. Furthermore, we found that farrerol could suppress Ca2+ influx via LVGC by patch clamp technology. These findings suggested that farrerol can regulate the vascular tension and could be developed as a practicable vasorelaxation drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaomin Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Taigang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhi
- School of Physiology Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 280, Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lingge Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Qingshan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
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21
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Deng Y, Ng ESK, Kwan YW, Lau CBS, Cheung DWS, Koon JCM, Zhang Z, Zuo Z, Leung PC, Fung KP, Lam FFY. Cerebral vasodilator properties of Danshen and Gegen: a study of their combined efficacy and mechanisms of actions. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:391-399. [PMID: 24192211 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Danshen and Gegen are two commonly used Chinese herbal medicines for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the combination effects of these two herbs on cerebral vascular tone and their underlying mechanisms of actions. Basilar artery rings were obtained from rats and precontracted with U46619. Cumulative administrations of aqueous extracts of Danshen, Gegen, or the two herbs combined (DG; ratio 7:3) produced concentration-dependent relaxation of the artery rings. Statistical analysis on these findings produced a combination index (CI) of 1.041 at ED50, which indicates the two herbs produced additive vasodilator effects when used as a combined decoction. Removal of the endothelium had no effect on the vasodilator properties of Danshen, Gegen, and DG. However, their maximum effects (Imax) were significantly blunted by a KATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide, a non-selective K(+) channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium (TEA), and by a combination of K(+) channel inhibitors (glibenclamide+TEA+iberiotoxin+4-aminopyridine+barium chloride). In addition, Danshen, Gegen, and DG produced augmentation of KATP currents and inhibited Ca(2+) influx in vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from rat basilar arteries. Furthermore, these agents inhibited CaCl2-induced contraction in the artery rings. In conclusion, the present study showed that Danshen and Gegen produced additive vasodilator effects on rat cerebral basilar arteries. These effects were independent of endothelium-derived relaxant factors (EDRF), but required the opening of KATP channels and inhibition of Ca(2+) influx in the vascular smooth muscle cells. It is suspected that the cerebral vasodilator effects of Danshen and Gegen produced either on their own or in combination, can help patients with obstructive cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - E S K Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Y W Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - C B S Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - D W S Cheung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - J C M Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Z Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Z Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - P C Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K P Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - F F Y Lam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Nishio A, Kitamura N, Tanaka S, Miyazaki S, Ichiyanagi T, Shimomura N, Shibuya I, Aimi T. Multiple effects of gymnopilin on circulatory system of the rat. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1300-5. [PMID: 22863929 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gymnopilin is one of the substances produced by the hallucinogenic mushroom, Gymnopilus junonius. In this study, we examined effects of gymnopilins purified from wild fruiting bodies of G. junonius on contractile activity of aorta preparations and blood pressure in rats. Gymnopilins at lower concentrations than 5 mg/mL did not evoke contraction of helical strips of the thoracic aorta. In contrast, gymnopilins (5 mg/mL) applied to the aorta strips pre-contracted by norepinephrine (100 nM) caused relaxation. This relaxing action did not depend on the activity of the endothelium cells. The relaxing effect of 5-mg/mL gymnopilins was observed in aorta strips contracted by angiotensin II (10 nM) and the high K+ solution (60 mM). Moreover, the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, SQ-22536, significantly inhibited the relaxing effect of gymnopilins at 1 mg/mL on the norepinephrine-contracted strips. These results suggested that gymnopilins acted directly on smooth muscle cells of the aorta and activated the cAMP-dependent cascade to cause the vasodilation. Paradoxically, gymnopilins injection into the jugular vein transiently increased blood pressure without affecting the heart rate. This result suggests that gymnopilins increase cardiac output and/or tension of the artery through the excitation of the vasomotor nerve that overcame the direct relaxing effect on the vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Nishio
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Japan
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23
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Dysfunction of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in vascular: risks developed in fetal origins. Hypertens Res 2012; 36:115-6. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2012.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Intake of high sucrose during pregnancy altered large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels and vessel tone in offspring’s mesenteric arteries. Hypertens Res 2012; 36:158-65. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2012.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Shim HS, Ok SH, Lee SH, Kwon SC, Sohn JT. Protein kinases participate in the contraction in response to levobupivacaine in the rat aorta. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 677:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Morgado M, Cairrão E, Santos-Silva AJ, Verde I. Cyclic nucleotide-dependent relaxation pathways in vascular smooth muscle. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:247-66. [PMID: 21947498 PMCID: PMC11115151 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle tone is controlled by a balance between the cellular signaling pathways that mediate the generation of force (vasoconstriction) and release of force (vasodilation). The initiation of force is associated with increases in intracellular calcium concentrations, activation of myosin light-chain kinase, increases in the phosphorylation of the regulatory myosin light chains, and actin-myosin crossbridge cycling. There are, however, several signaling pathways modulating Ca(2+) mobilization and Ca(2+) sensitivity of the contractile machinery that secondarily regulate the contractile response of vascular smooth muscle to receptor agonists. Among these regulatory mechanisms involved in the physiological regulation of vascular tone are the cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP), which are considered the main messengers that mediate vasodilation under physiological conditions. At least four distinct mechanisms are currently thought to be involved in the vasodilator effect of cyclic nucleotides and their dependent protein kinases: (1) the decrease in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]c), (2) the hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle cell membrane potential, (3) the reduction in the sensitivity of the contractile machinery by decreasing the [Ca(2+)]c sensitivity of myosin light-chain phosphorylation, and (4) the reduction in the sensitivity of the contractile machinery by uncoupling contraction from myosin light-chain phosphorylation. This review focuses on each of these mechanisms involved in cyclic nucleotide-dependent relaxation of vascular smooth muscle under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Morgado
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrão
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António José Santos-Silva
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Verde
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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27
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Santos RF, Martins IRR, Travassos RA, Tavares JF, Silva MS, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Ferreira AT, Nouailhetas VLA, Aboulafia J, Rigoni VLS, da Silva BA. Ent-7α-acetoxytrachyloban-18-oic acid and ent-7α-hydroxytrachyloban-18-oic acid from Xylopia langsdorfiana A. St-Hil. & Tul. modulate K(+) and Ca(2+) channels to reduce cytosolic calcium concentration on guinea pig ileum. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 678:39-47. [PMID: 22214536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the mechanism underlying the spasmolytic action of ent-7α-acetoxytrachyloban-18-oic acid (trachylobane-360) and ent-7α-hydroxytrachyloban-18-oic acid (trachylobane-318), diterpenes obtained from Xylopia langsdorfiana, on guinea pig ileum. Both compounds inhibited histamine-induced cumulative contractions (slope=3.5±0.9 and 4.4±0.7) that suggests a noncompetitive antagonism to histaminergic receptors. CaCl(2)-induced contractions were nonparallelly and concentration-dependently reduced by both diterpenes, indicating blockade of calcium influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels (Ca(v)). The Ca(v) participation was confirmed since both trachylobanes equipotently relaxed ileum pre-contracted with S-(-)-Bay K8644 (EC(50)=3.5±0.7×10-(5) and 1.1±0.2×10-(5)M) and KCl (EC(50)=5.5±0.3×10-(5) and 1.4±0.2×10-(5)M). K(+) channels participation was confirmed since diterpene-induced relaxation curves were significantly shifted to right in the presence of 5mM tetraethylammonium (TEA(+)) (EC(50)=0.5±0.04×10-(4) and 2.0±0.5×10-(5)M). ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP)), voltage activated K(+) channels (K(V)), small conductance calcium-activated K(+) channels (SK(Ca)) or big conductance calcium-activated K(+) channels (BK(Ca)) did not seem to participate of trachylobane-360 spasmolytic action. However trachylobane-318 modulated positively K(ATP), K(V) and SK(Ca) (EC(50)=1.1±0.3×10-(5), 0.7±0.2×10-(5) and 0.7±0.2×10-(5)M), but not BK(Ca). A fluorescence analysis technique confirmed the decrease of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) induced by both trachylobanes in ileal myocytes. In conclusion, trachylobane-360 and trachylobane-318 induced spasmolytic activity by K(+) channel positive modulation and Ca(2+) channel blockade, which results in [Ca(2+)](c) reduction at cellular level leading to smooth muscle relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosimeire F Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Wu YT, Lai MH, Lu SC, Chang ST. Beneficial response to gabapentin portraying with interval change of brain SPECT imaging in a case with failed back surgery syndrome. J Clin Pharm Ther 2010; 36:525-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Khromov A, Choudhury N, Stevenson AS, Somlyo AV, Eto M. Phosphorylation-dependent autoinhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase accounts for Ca2+ sensitization force of smooth muscle contraction. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:21569-79. [PMID: 19531490 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.019729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The reversible regulation of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) in response to agonist stimulation and cAMP/cGMP signals plays an important role in the regulation of smooth muscle (SM) tone. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying the inhibition of MLCP induced by the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT1), a regulatory subunit of MLCP, at Thr-696 and Thr-853 using glutathione S-transferase (GST)-MYPT1 fragments having the inhibitory phosphorylation sites. GST-MYPT1 fragments, including only Thr-696 and only Thr-853, inhibited purified MLCP (IC(50) = 1.6 and 60 nm, respectively) when they were phosphorylated with RhoA-dependent kinase (ROCK). The activities of isolated catalytic subunits of type 1 and type 2A phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) were insensitive to either fragment. Phospho-GST-MYPT1 fragments docked directly at the active site of MLCP, and this was blocked by a PP1/PP2A inhibitor microcystin (MC)-LR or by mutation of the active sites in PP1. GST-MYPT1 fragments induced a contraction of beta-escin-permeabilized ileum SM at constant pCa 6.3 (EC(50) = 2 microm), which was eliminated by Ala substitution of the fragment at Thr-696 or by ROCK inhibitors or 8Br-cGMP. GST-MYPT1-(697-880) was 5-times less potent than fragments including Thr-696. Relaxation induced by 8Br-cGMP was not affected by Ala substitution at Ser-695, a known phosphorylation site for protein kinase A/G. Thus, GST-MYPT1 fragments are phosphorylated by ROCK in permeabilized SM and mimic agonist-induced inhibition and cGMP-induced activation of MLCP. We propose a model in which MYPT1 phosphorylation at Thr-696 and Thr-853 causes an autoinhibition of MLCP that accounts for Ca(2+) sensitization of smooth muscle force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Khromov
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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30
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Silan C. The Effects of Chronic Resveratrol Treatment on Vascular Responsiveness of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:897-902. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coskun Silan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University
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31
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Physical properties of two types of calcium stores and SERCAs in human platelets. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 311:9-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Wang Y, Wang W, Wang Q, Wu J, Xu J, Wu X. [Ca2+]i and PKC-alpha are involved in the inhibitory effects of Ib, a novel nonpeptide AngiotensinII subtype AT1 receptor antagonist, on AngiotensinII-induced vascular contraction in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 364:118-23. [PMID: 17931598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The vasoactive peptide AngiotensinII (AngII) is an important factor in the cardiovascular system, exerting most of its effects through AngII receptor type 1 (AT1). Ib, a new nonpeptide AT1 receptor antagonist, has been observed to play a positive role in the treatment of hypertension in preclinical tests. In this study, the inhibitory effects of Ib on AngII-induced vascular contraction in vitro were investigated, and its molecular mechanisms were further explored. In endothelium-denuded aortic rings from rabbits, Ib produced a rightward shift in the concentration-response curve for AngII with a decrease in the maximal contractile response and the pD2' was 7.29. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the specific binding of [125I]AngII to AT1 receptors was inhibited by Ib in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 value of 0.96nM. Ib could inhibit both AngII-induced Ca2+ mobilization from internal stores and Ca2+ influx. Moreover, the translocation of PKC-alpha stimulated by AngII was inhibited by Ib. Thus, the inhibitory effects of Ib might be related with the depression on AngII-induced increase in [Ca2+]i and translocation of PKC-alpha through blocking AT1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24, Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing 210009, China
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33
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Dong K, Tao QM, Shan QX, Jin HF, Pan GB, Chen JZ, Zhu JH, Xia Q. Endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect of puerarin on rat thoracic aorta. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2004:3757-60. [PMID: 17271112 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1404054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the vasorelaxant effect of puerarin, tension was recorded from rat thoracic aortic rings. Puerarin completely relaxed the contractions induced by phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded rat aorta, while had no effect on those preconstricted by a high concentration of potassium chloride (60 mM). Also, puerarin had no effects on the transient contraction elicited by PE or caffeine in Ca2+- free medium. The relaxant effect of puerarin was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of endothelium-denuded aorta with potassium channel antagonists tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine, but not glibenclamide. These results indicate that puerarin induces an endothelium-independent relaxation in rat aortic rings. The mechanisms may involve the reduction in Ca2+ influx through the non-voltage-sensitive calcium channels and the activation of the potassium channels (voltage-activated K+ channels and large conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels, but not ATP-sensitive K+ channels).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Akata T. Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating vascular tone. Part 2: regulatory mechanisms modulating Ca2+ mobilization and/or myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Anesth 2007; 21:232-42. [PMID: 17458653 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-006-0488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological mechanisms regulating vascular tone would lead to better circulatory management during general anesthesia. This two-part review provides an overview of current knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the contractile state of vascular smooth muscle cells (i.e., vascular tone). The first part reviews basic mechanisms controlling the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in vascular smooth muscle cells, and the Ca2+-dependent regulation of vascular tone. This second part reviews the regulatory mechanisms modulating Ca2+ mobilization and/or myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle cells-including Rho/Rho kinase, protein kinase C, arachidonic acid, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, caldesmon, calponin, mitogen-activated protein kinases, tyrosine kinases, cyclic nucleotides, Cl- channels, and K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Akata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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35
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Akata T. Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating vascular tone. Part 1: basic mechanisms controlling cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and the Ca2+-dependent regulation of vascular tone. J Anesth 2007; 21:220-31. [PMID: 17458652 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-006-0487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
General anesthetics cause hemodynamic instability and alter blood flow to various organs. There is mounting evidence that most general anesthetics, at clinical concentrations, influence a wide variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the contractile state of vascular smooth muscle cells (i.e., vascular tone). In addition, in current anesthetic practice, various types of vasoactive agents are often used to control vascular reactivity and to sustain tissue blood flow in high-risk surgical patients with impaired vital organ function and/or hemodynamic instability. Understanding the physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of vascular tone thus would be beneficial for anesthesiologists. This review, in two parts, provides an overview of current knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating vascular tone-i.e., targets for general anesthetics, as well as for vasoactive drugs that are used in intraoperative circulatory management. This first part of the two-part review focuses on basic mechanisms regulating cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and the Ca2+-dependent regulation of vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Akata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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36
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Fusi F, Ferrara A, Sgaragli G, Saponara S. Mechanisms of the antispasmodic activity of 3,5-di-t-butyl catechol (DTCAT) on rat vascular smooth muscles. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 561:112-20. [PMID: 17292353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, 3,5-di-t-butyl catechol (DTCAT) promotes the release of Ca(2+) through the activation of ryanodine receptor Ca(2+) channels. DTCAT mechanical and electrophysiological effects have now been investigated in rat aorta rings and single tail artery myocytes. Rat aorta rings incubated with either 30 microM ryanodine or 100 microM DTCAT developed tension, which averaged 36% and 7%, respectively, of that induced by phenylephrine. DTCAT reduced concentration-dependently both aorta ring contractions to high K(+) (IC(50)=13.5 microM) and L-type Ba(2+) current (IC(50)=22.0 microM) in isolated myocytes. Tetraethylammonium did not reverse the antispasmodic effect of DTCAT in rings stimulated with either 25 or 60 mM K(+). DTCAT relaxed concentration-dependently phenylephrine-pre-contracted rings with intact endothelium (IC(50)=10.9 microM). This effect was markedly reduced by pre-incubation of rings with 100 microM Nomega-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. DTCAT antagonised phenylephrine-induced contractions in endothelium-deprived rings, either in the presence or in the absence of ryanodine (IC(50)=18.7 microM and 39.8 microM, respectively). Furthermore, both DTCAT (IC(50)=53.3 microM) and ryanodine reduced significantly the response to phenylephrine in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+). Phenylephrine-stimulated influx of extracellular Ca(2+) was markedly inhibited when tissues were pre-treated with DTCAT (IC(50)=19.0 microM) as well as nifedipine. DTCAT (>100 microM) was also able to antagonise the contractions induced by phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration that DTCAT inhibits vascular smooth muscle voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels and promotes the release of endothelial nitric oxide. Ryanodine receptor Ca(2+) channels activation or the impairment of the contractile apparatus by DTCAT seem to play a secondary role in its vascular activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels/drug effects
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Catechols/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electrophysiology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Ryanodine/pharmacology
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/drug effects
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/metabolism
- Spasm/drug therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fusi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Wang HP, Mei RH, Li XY, Zhao MH, Lu Y, Xia Q, Bruce I. Endothelium-independent Vasorelaxant Effect of the Phyto-oestrogen Biochanin A on Rat Thoracic Aorta. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2005:2244-7. [PMID: 17282679 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1616910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that the incidence of cardiovascular disease is reduced in people who have a high intake of phytoestrogens. The plant-derived estrogen biochanin A is known to cause vasodilation, but its mechanisms of action remain unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects and mechanisms of biochanin A on rat thoracic aorta. Isolated aortic rings were suspended in individual organ baths and isometric tension was measured. Biochanin A induced significant relaxation in rings with or without endothelium. Contractile responses induced by phenylephrine (PE), KCl and CaCl<inf>2</inf>were antagonized by 10<sup>-7</sup>~10<sup>-4</sup>mol/L biochanin A. The transient contraction elicited by PE was significantly attenuated by 10<sup>-5</sup>mol/L biochanin A in Ca<sup>2+</sup>-free medium. The relaxant effect of biochanin A was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with the K<sup>+</sup>channel antagonists tetraethylammonium and glibenclamide in endothelium-denuded aorta. We conclude that biochanin A induces an endothelium-independent relaxation in rat aortic rings. The underlying mechanism may involve the blockage of Ca<sup>2+</sup>entry through both voltage-dependent and receptor-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup>channels, the inhibition of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>release, and the activation of large-conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup>channels and ATP-sensitive K<sup>+</sup>channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Wang
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310031, China (phone: 0086-571-87217384; fax: 0086-571-87217146)
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38
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Rembold CM, Meeks MK, Ripley ML, Han S. Longer muscle lengths recapitulate force suppression in swine carotid artery. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 292:H1065-70. [PMID: 17056671 PMCID: PMC2259221 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00775.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide can relax arterial smooth muscle without reductions in myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) phosphorylation, a process termed force suppression. Smooth muscle contractile force also depends on tissue length. It is not known how tissue length affects force suppression. Swine carotid artery rings were equilibrated at various lengths (as a fraction of L(o), the optimal length for force development). They were then frozen during contractile activation with or without forskolin-induced relaxation. Frozen tissue homogenates were then analyzed for Ser(19)-MRLC phosphorylation and Ser(16)-heat shock protein 20 (HSP20) phosphorylation (HSP20 is the proposed mediator of force suppression). Higher values of MRLC phosphorylation were required to induce a histamine contraction at longer tissue lengths. At 1.4 L(o), the dependence of force on MRLC phosphorylation observed with histamine stimulation alone was shifted to the right, a response similar to that observed during force suppression at 1.0 L(o). The rightward shift in the dependence of force on MRLC phosphorylation seen with histamine stimulation alone at 1.4 L(o) was not associated with increased HSP20 phosphorylation. Addition of forskolin to histamine-stimulated tissues at 1.4 L(o) induced a relaxation associated with increased HSP20 phosphorylation and reduced MRLC phosphorylation, i.e., there was no additional force suppression. At shorter tissue lengths (0.6 L(o)), the dependence of force on MRLC phosphorylation with histamine stimulation alone was steep, a response similar to that observed during normal contractile activation at 1.0 L(o). Addition of forskolin induced force suppression at 0.6 L(o). The sensitivity of swine carotid to the concentration of histamine was greater at longer tissue lengths compared with shorter tissue lengths, suggesting a physiological mechanism to restore optimal tissue length. These data suggest that longer tissue lengths induced a force suppression-like state that was 1) not additive with forskolin and 2) not associated with HSP20 phosphorylation. Further research is required to determine this length-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Rembold
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0146, USA.
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Abstract
In contrast to striated muscle, both normalized force and shortening velocities are regulated functions of cross-bridge phosphorylation in smooth muscle. Physiologically this is manifested as relatively fast rates of contraction associated with transiently high levels of cross-bridge phosphorylation. In sustained contractions, Ca2+, cross-bridge phosphorylation, and ATP consumption rates fall, a phenomenon termed "latch". This review focuses on the Hai and Murphy (1988a) model that predicted the highly non-linear dependence of force on phosphorylation and a directly proportional dependence of shortening velocity on phosphorylation. This model hypothesized that (i) cross-bridge phosphorylation was obligatory for cross-bridge attachment, but also that (ii) dephosphorylation of an attached cross-bridge reduced its detachment rate. The resulting variety of cross-bridge cycles as predicted by the model could explain the observed dependencies of force and velocity on cross-bridge phosphorylation. New evidence supports modifications for more general applicability. First, myosin light chain phosphatase activity is regulated. Activation of myosin phosphatase is best demonstrated with inhibitory regulatory mechanisms acting via nitric oxide. The second modification of the model incorporates cooperativity in cross-bridge attachment to predict improved data on the dependence of force on phosphorylation. The molecular basis for cooperativity is unknown, but may involve thin filament proteins absent in striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Murphy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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40
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Wu BN, Tu HF, Welsh DG, Chen IJ. KMUP-1 activates BKCa channels in basilar artery myocytes via cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 146:862-71. [PMID: 16151435 PMCID: PMC1751209 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether KMUP-1, a synthetic xanthine-based derivative, augments the delayed-rectifier potassium (K(DR))- or large-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (BKCa) channel activity in rat basilar arteries through protein kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Cerebral smooth muscle cells were enzymatically dissociated from rat basilar arteries. Conventional whole cell, perforated and inside-out patch-clamp electrophysiology was used to monitor K+- and Ca2+ channel activities. KMUP-1 (1 microM) had no effect on the K(DR) current but dramatically enhanced BKCa channel activity. This increased BKCa current activity was abolished by charybdotoxin (100 nM) and iberiotoxin (100 nM). Like KMUP-1, the membrane-permeable analogs of cGMP (8-Br-cGMP) and cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) enhanced the BKCa current. BKCa current activation by KMUP-1 was markedly inhibited by a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor (ODQ 10 microM), an adenylate cyclase inhibitor (SQ 22536 10 microM), competitive antagonists of cGMP and cAMP (Rp-cGMP, 100 microM and Rp-cAMP, 100 microM), and cGMP- and cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitors (KT5823, 300 nM and KT5720, 300 nM). Voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ current was significantly suppressed by KMUP-1 (1 microM), and nearly abolished by a calcium channel blocker (nifedipine, 1 microM). In conclusion, KMUP-1 stimulates BKCa currents by enhancing the activity of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, and in part this is due to increasing cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Physiologically, this activation would result in the closure of voltage-dependent calcium channels and the relaxation of cerebral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Nan Wu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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41
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Zhang HL, Tang ZY, Yang JX, Zhang Y, Li Y, Lin Y. Bi-directional regulation of emodin and quercetin on smooth muscle myosin of gizzard. FEBS Lett 2005; 580:469-73. [PMID: 16386736 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Revised: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study is to reveal the characteristics of bidirectional regulation of emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone) and quercetin on gizzard smooth muscle myosin. Our results indicate that: (a) emodin demonstrates stimulatory effects, and quercetin produces inhibitory effects on myosin phosphorylation and Mg(2+)-ATPase activities of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylated myosin in a dose-dependent manner; (b) a combination of emodin and quercetin enhances phosphorylation and Mg(2+)-ATPase activities for partially phosphorylated myosin and inhibits those activities for fully phosphorylated myosin; (c) 1-(5-Chloronaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H2-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine inhibits myosin phosphorylation in the presence of emodin and/or quercetin. A combination of emodin and quercetin indicates its potential for modulating gastric-intestinal smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, PR China.
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42
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Yang JX, Lin Y. The action of PKA on smooth muscle myosin phosphorylation. Life Sci 2005; 77:2669-75. [PMID: 15961117 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2004] [Revised: 02/20/2005] [Accepted: 04/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to reveal the characterization of PKA acting on myosin. We found: (a) in the absence of Ca(2+)/CaM, PKA slightly phosphorylated MLC(20) and stimulated the Mg(2+)-ATPase activity of myosin, which was strengthened significantly by arachidonic acid (ACAD); (b) Ca(2+)-independent phosphorylation of myosin by PKA was obviously less efficient than both Ca(2+)-dependent and independent phosphorylation of myosin by MLCK; (c) micro-amount of calponin could not increase the precipitation of myosin phosphorylated by PKA, but it increased the precipitation of myosin phosphorylated by MLCK, suggesting the presence of conformational differences between the myosins phosphorylated by PKA and by MLCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 465 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116027, PR China.
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43
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López J, Camello-Almaraz C, Pariente J, Salido G, Rosado J. Ca2+ accumulation into acidic organelles mediated by Ca2+- and vacuolar H+-ATPases in human platelets. Biochem J 2005; 390:243-52. [PMID: 15847604 PMCID: PMC1188269 DOI: 10.1042/bj20050168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Revised: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 04/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most physiological agonists increase cytosolic free [Ca2+]c (cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration) to regulate a variety of cellular processes. How different stimuli evoke distinct spatiotemporal Ca2+ responses remains unclear, and the presence of separate intracellular Ca2+ stores might be of great functional relevance. Ca2+ accumulation into intracellular compartments mainly depends on the activity of Ca2+- and H+-ATPases. Platelets present two separate Ca2+ stores differentiated by the distinct sensitivity to thapsigargin and TBHQ [2,5-di-(t-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone]. Although one store has long been identified as the dense tubular system, the nature of the TBHQ-sensitive store remains uncertain. Treatment of platelets with GPN (glycylphenylalanine-2-naphthylamide) impaired Ca2+ release by TBHQ and reduced that evoked by thrombin. In contrast, GPN did not modify Ca2+ mobilization stimulated by ADP or AVP ([arginine]vasopressin). Treatment with nigericin, a proton carrier, and bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of the vacuolar H+-ATPase, to dissipate the proton gradient into acidic organelles induces a transient increase in [Ca2+]c that was abolished by previous treatment with the SERCA (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic-reticulum Ca2+-ATPase) 3 inhibitor TBHQ. Depleted acidic stores after nigericin or bafilomycin A1 were refilled by SERCA 3. Thrombin, but not ADP or AVP, reduces the rise in [Ca2+]c evoked by nigericin and bafilomycin A1. Our results indicate that the TBHQ-sensitive store in human platelets is an acidic organelle whose Ca2+ accumulation is regulated by both Ca2+- and vacuolar H+-ATPases.
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Key Words
- acidic organelles
- bafilomycin
- calcium stores
- nigericin
- platelets
- thrombin
- avp, [arginine]vasopressin
- [ca2+]c, cytosolic free calcium concentration
- er, endoplasmic reticulum
- gpn, glycylphenylalanine 2-naphthylamide
- hbs, hepes-buffered saline
- pmca, plasma-membrane ca2+ atpase
- serca 3, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic-reticulum ca2+-atpase
- tbhq, 2,5-di-(t-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone
- tg, thapsigargin
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Affiliation(s)
- José J. López
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - José A. Pariente
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ginés M. Salido
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan A. Rosado
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
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44
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López JJ, Redondo PC, Salido GM, Pariente JA, Rosado JA. Two distinct Ca2+ compartments show differential sensitivity to thrombin, ADP and vasopressin in human platelets. Cell Signal 2005; 18:373-81. [PMID: 16095882 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies propose the existence of two distinct Ca2+ compartments in human platelets based on the expression of different SERCA isoforms with distinct sensitivity to thapsigargin and 2,5-di-(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone (TBHQ). Using fura-2-loaded human platelets we have found that depletion of the TBHQ sensitive store reduces thrombin--but not ADP--or vasopressin (AVP)-induced Ca2+ release. Redistribution of cytosolic Ca2+ after thrombin stimulation resulted in overloading of the TBHQ-sensitive store. This phenomenon was not observed with ADP or AVP. We found that NAADP decreases the Ca2+ concentration into the stores in permeabilized platelets, which is prevented by depletion of the TBHQ-sensitive store. Nimodipine, an inhibitor of the NAADP receptor, reduced thrombin-induced Ca2+ release from the TBHQ-sensitive stores, without having any effect on the responses elicited by ADP or AVP. Finally, the phospholipase C inhibitor, U-73122, abolished ADP- and AVP-induced Ca2+ release, suggesting that their responses are entirely dependent on IP3 generation. In contrast, treatment with both U-73122 and nimodipine was required to abolish thrombin-induced Ca2+ release. We suggest that thrombin evokes Ca2+ release from TBHQ-sensitive and insensitive stores, which requires both NAADP and IP3, respectively, while ADP and AVP exert an IP3-dependent release of Ca2+ from the TBHQ-insensitive compartment in human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J López
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Av. Universidad s/n, Cáceres 10071, Spain
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45
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Ozyazgan S, Kutluata N, Afşar S, Ozdaş SB, Akkan AG. Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1(7–36) and Exendin-4 on the Vascular Reactivity in Streptozotocin/Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats. Pharmacology 2005; 74:119-26. [PMID: 15746570 DOI: 10.1159/000084277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the vascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Exendin-4 in type 2 diabetic rat aortae. Studies were performed in a normal control group (NC) (0.2 ml i.p. saline, n = 10), streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide diabetic control group (DC) (a single dose of 80 mg/kg STZ i.p. injection 15 min after administration of 230 mg/kg nicotinamide i.p.), GLP-1 (GLPC) control group (1 microg/kg twice daily i.p. for 1 month, n = 10), Exendin-4 control group (EXC) (0.1 microg/kg twice daily i.p. for 1 month, n = 10), GLP-1-treated diabetic group (GLPT) (1 microg/kg twice daily i.p. for 1 month, n = 10), and Exendin-4-treated diabetic group (EXT) (0.1 microg/kg twice daily i.p. for 1 month, n = 10). One month of GLP-1 and Exendin-4 treatment significantly decreased the blood glucose levels of diabetic rats (113 +/- 2 mg/dl, p < 0.001, and 117 +/- 1 mg/dl, p < 0.001, respectively versus 181 +/- 9 mg/dl in the DC group). Sensitivity (pD2) and maximum response (% Max. Relax) of acetylcholine-stimulated relaxations in the DC group (pD2: 6.73 +/- 0.12 and 55 +/- 6, respectively) were decreased compared with the non-diabetic NC group (pD2: 7.41 +/- 0.25, p < 0.05, and 87 +/- 4, p < 0.01). Treating diabetic rats with GLP-1, pD2 values and with Exendin-4, Max. Relax %values of aortic strips to acetylcholine returned to near non-diabetic NC values (pD2: 7.47 +/- 0.15, p < 0.05, and 87 +/- 3, p < 0.01, respectively). Maximal contractile responses (Emax) to noradrenaline in aortic strips from the diabetic DC group (341 +/- 27 mg tension/mg wet weight) were significantly decreased compared with the non-diabetic NC (540 +/- 66 mg tension/mg wet weight, p < 0.001) and the GLPT group (490 +/- 25 mg tension/mg wet weight, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in pD2 values of aortic strips to noradrenaline from all groups. Emax to KCl in aortic strips from the DC group (247 +/- 10 mg tension/mg wet weight, p < 0.01) was significantly decreased compared with non-diabetic NC group (327 +/- 26 mg tension/mg wet weight). Treating diabetic rats with GLP-1 (GLPT), Emax values of aortic strips to KCl returned to near non-diabetic NC values (271 +/- 12 mg tension/mg wet weight). GLP-1 and (partially) Exendin-4 treatment could improve the increased blood glucose level and normalize the altered vascular tone in type 2 diabetic rats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiology
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Exenatide
- Female
- Glucagon
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
- Glucagon-Like Peptides
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Muscle Relaxation/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Niacinamide
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Streptozocin
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
- Venoms/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Ozyazgan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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46
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Yang JX, Feng XH, Zhang Y, Tang ZY, Lin Y. The influence of trace amount of calponin on the smooth muscle myosins in different states. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 318:904-10. [PMID: 15147957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Calponin (CaP), a thin filament-associated protein, plays an important role in the regulation of smooth muscle contractility. It has been known that CaP inhibits the actin-activated myosin MgATPase activity via binding to F-actin, and stimulates myosin MgATPase activity via binding to myosin. Our recent study revealed a new phenomenon that trace amount of CaP (TAC) could influence the function of different states of myosin. Our data showed that in the absence of actin, CaP, even in the concentration of 0.0001 microM, significantly increased the precipitations of 1 microM unphosphorylated myosin, Ca(2+)-CaM dependently, and independently phosphorylated myosin by MLCK, and stimulated the MgATPase activities of these myosins slightly but significantly. However, no obvious change of precipitation of myosin phosphorylated by PKA was observed, indicating the relative selective effect of TAC. In the presence of actin, myosin, and TAC, the increase of myosin precipitation was abolished, and no obvious changes of actin precipitations and actin-activated myosin MgATPase activities were observed implicating the highly efficiency of TAC on myosin being present in the absence of actin. Although we cannot give conclusive comments to our results, we propose that the high efficiency of TAC-myosin interaction is present in the regulation of the function of myosin when actin is dissociated from myosin, even if CaP/myosin ratio is very low; this high efficient interaction between TAC and myosin can be abolished by actin. However, why and how TAC can possess such a high efficiency to influence myosin and how the physiological significance of the high efficiency of TAC is in regulating the interaction between myosin and actin remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, PR China.
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47
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Woodard GE, Rosado JA. G-Protein Coupled Receptors and Calcium Signaling in Development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2004; 65:189-210. [PMID: 15642384 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(04)65007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey E Woodard
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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48
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Ozyazgan S, Bicakci B, Ozaydin A, Denizbasi A, Unluer EE, Akkan AG. The effect of agmatine on the vascular reactivity in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Pharmacol Res 2003; 48:133-8. [PMID: 12798665 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-6618(03)00101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated the vascular effects of agmatine (decarboxylated arginine=AGM), an endogenous ligand for alpha(2)-adrenoceptors and imidazoline receptors, present in endothelium and smooth muscle, using the diabetic rat aortae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies were performed in control group (0.2 ml i.p. saline, n=10), streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic control group (60 mg kg(-1) STZ i.p., n=10), agmatine (AGM)-control group (5 mg kg(-1)day(-1) i.p. AGM for 1 month, n=10), citrate-control group (0.2 ml 0.01 M, n=10), insulin-treated diabetic group ((3 U kg(-1) NPH+1 U kg(-1) regular insulin) twice per day, for 1 month, n=10) and AGM-treated diabetic group (5 mg kg(-1)day(-1) i.p. for 1 month, n=10). All values are expressed as means+/-S.E.M. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple comparisons test. RESULTS One-month AGM-treatment significantly decreased the blood glucose levels of diabetic rats (502+/-44 mg dl(-1) to 343+/-31 mg dl(-1), P<0.001). Fast, slow and total components of responses to noradrenaline in all the experimental groups were not significantly affected by AGM-treatment. AGM reversed the decreased responses of acetylcholine (pD(2) and Inh.%, P<0.001 and P<0.05) in diabetic rats although it did not affect the responses of sodium nitroprusside in all groups. The contraction values of KCl in all groups were not affected by AGM-treatment. CONCLUSION AGM-treatment could improve the increased blood glucose level, reverse the endothelial dysfunction and normalize the endothelium-dependent relaxation responses in STZ-diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ozyazgan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, University of Istanbul, 34750, Istanbul, Turkey
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49
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Chen SJ, Chen KH, Webb RC, Yen MH, Wu CC. Abnormal activation of Na+-K+ pump in aortas from rats with endotoxaemia. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2003; 368:57-62. [PMID: 12838383 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-003-0762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2002] [Accepted: 04/04/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A diminished reactivity to several vasoconstrictor agents is usually observed in blood vessels obtained from animals with endotoxic shock. The contractile state of vascular smooth muscle is influenced by the activity of the electrogenical sodium (Na(+)-K(+)) pump. Thus, we examined inhibitors and agonists of nitric oxide (NO)-guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) on contractions to phenylephrine (PE) and relaxations to potassium in isolated aortic segments from rats treated with bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) for 6 h (i.e. to mimic a shock syndrome). Endotoxaemia for 6 h was associated with a severe hypotension and vascular hyporeactivity to noradrenaline and an increased plasma nitrate level in vivo. The PE-induced contraction was attenuated in aortic smooth muscle obtained from rats with endotoxic shock while the potassium-induced relaxation was greater in these preparations. Ouabain dose-dependently inhibited the potassium-induced relaxation in aortas from normal and endotoxaemic rats. 1 H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one enhanced the PE-induced contraction in endotoxaemic rats only, whereas it attenuated the difference of potassium-induced relaxation between normal and endotoxaemic rats. In contrast, in aortas obtained from normal rats, 8-bromo-cGMP reduced the PE-induced contraction and enhanced the potassium-induced relaxation to the level as seen in endotoxaemic animals. In aortas obtained from endotoxaemic rats, methylene blue further restored the PE-induced contraction to the normal and abolished the difference of potassium-induced relaxation between normal and endotoxaemic rats. These results suggest that the Na(+)-K(+) pump in the vascular bed of animals with endotoxic shock is abnormally activated and this augmented activation is modulated by cGMP.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiology
- Endotoxemia/metabolism
- Endotoxemia/physiopathology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Escherichia coli
- In Vitro Techniques
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle Relaxation/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Nitric Oxide/blood
- Ouabain/pharmacology
- Oxadiazoles/pharmacology
- Phenylephrine
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/drug effects
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/physiology
- Quinoxalines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/drug effects
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/physiology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Jen Chen
- Department of Physiology, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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50
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Kramer HJ, Mensikova V, Bäcker A, Meyer-Lehnert H, Gonick HC. Interaction of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) with angiotensin II on calcium mobilization in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65:1741-6. [PMID: 12754110 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) was shown to lower blood pressure in rat models of arterial hypertension. Thus, there is evidence that-besides its chelating properties-DMSA has a direct vascular effect, e.g. through scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We speculated that, in addition, intracellular calcium mobilization may be involved in this action. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of DMSA on Ca(2+) mobilization in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from rat aorta. Intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) was measured with fura-2 AM. In a first series of experiments DMSA, 10(-11) to 10(-6)M, induced an immediate dose-dependent up to 4-fold rise of [Ca(2+)](i) (P<0.001) which was almost completely blunted by the calcium channel blocker verapamil or the intracellular calcium release blocker TMB-8. In a second series of experiments, when VSMCs were exposed acutely to DMSA (10(-11) to 10(-6)M), the angiotensin (ANG) II (10(-8)M)-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i) to 295+/-40nM was attenuated at the average by 49% independent of the dose of DMSA. Preincubation of VSMCs with DMSA (10(-6)M) for 60min reduced basal [Ca(2+)](i) by 77% (P<0.001) and dose-dependently attenuated the ANG II (10(-8)M)-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i) between 28 and 69% at concentrations between 10(-9) and 10(-5)M DMSA, respectively (P<0.05 and <0.01). In the presence of TMB-8, which attenuated the ANG II (10(-8)M)-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i) by 66%, DMSA (10(-6)M) had no additional suppressive effect on [Ca(2+)](i). The results suggest that DMSA acutely raises [Ca(2+)](i) by stimulating transmembrane calcium influx via L-type calcium channels and by calcium release from intracellular stores followed by a decrease in [Ca(2+)](i) probably due to cellular calcium depletion. Thus, in addition to its action as scavenger of ROS, which in part mediate the vasoconstrictor response, e.g. to ANG II, DMSA may exert its hypotensive effect through decreasing total cell calcium, thereby attenuating the vasoconstrictor-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i) in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert J Kramer
- Department of Medicine, Renal Section, Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik, Wilhelmstrasse 35-37, University of Bonn, D-53111, Bonn, Germany.
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