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Frias-Anaya E, Gallego-Gutierrez H, Gongol B, Weinsheimer S, Lai CC, Orecchioni M, Sriram A, Bui CM, Nelsen B, Hale P, Pham A, Shenkar R, DeBiasse D, Lightle R, Girard R, Li Y, Srinath A, Daneman R, Nudleman E, Sun H, Guma M, Dubrac A, Mesarwi OA, Ley K, Kim H, Awad IA, Ginsberg MH, Lopez-Ramirez MA. Mild Hypoxia Accelerates Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease Through CX3CR1-CX3CL1 Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1246-1264. [PMID: 38660801 PMCID: PMC11111348 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity in the severity of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) disease, including brain bleedings and thrombosis that cause neurological disabilities in patients, suggests that environmental, genetic, or biological factors act as disease modifiers. Still, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely understood. Here, we report that mild hypoxia accelerates CCM disease by promoting angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, and vascular thrombosis in the brains of CCM mouse models. METHODS We used genetic studies, RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptome, micro-computed tomography, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, multiplex immunofluorescence, coculture studies, and imaging techniques to reveal that sustained mild hypoxia via the CX3CR1-CX3CL1 (CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1/chemokine [CX3C motif] ligand 1) signaling pathway influences cell-specific neuroinflammatory interactions, contributing to heterogeneity in CCM severity. RESULTS Histological and expression profiles of CCM neurovascular lesions (Slco1c1-iCreERT2;Pdcd10fl/fl; Pdcd10BECKO) in male and female mice found that sustained mild hypoxia (12% O2, 7 days) accelerates CCM disease. Our findings indicate that a small reduction in oxygen levels can significantly increase angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, and thrombosis in CCM disease by enhancing the interactions between endothelium, astrocytes, and immune cells. Our study indicates that the interactions between CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 are crucial in the maturation of CCM lesions and propensity to CCM immunothrombosis. In particular, this pathway regulates the recruitment and activation of microglia and other immune cells in CCM lesions, which leads to lesion growth and thrombosis. We found that human CX3CR1 variants are linked to lower lesion burden in familial CCMs, proving it is a genetic modifier in human disease and a potential marker for aggressiveness. Moreover, monoclonal blocking antibody against CX3CL1 or reducing 1 copy of the Cx3cr1 gene significantly reduces hypoxia-induced CCM immunothrombosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that interactions between CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 can modify CCM neuropathology when lesions are accelerated by environmental hypoxia. Moreover, a hypoxic environment or hypoxia signaling caused by CCM disease influences the balance between neuroinflammation and neuroprotection mediated by CX3CR1-CX3CL1 signaling. These results establish CX3CR1 as a genetic marker for patient stratification and a potential predictor of CCM aggressiveness.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Chemokine CX3CL1/metabolism
- Chemokine CX3CL1/genetics
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/genetics
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/pathology
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia/complications
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/metabolism
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/pathology
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/genetics
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Frias-Anaya
- Department of Medicine (E.F.-A., H.G.-G., C.C.L., C.M.B., B.N., P.H., A.P., H.S., M.G., O.A.M., M.H.G., M.A.L.-R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Helios Gallego-Gutierrez
- Department of Medicine (E.F.-A., H.G.-G., C.C.L., C.M.B., B.N., P.H., A.P., H.S., M.G., O.A.M., M.H.G., M.A.L.-R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Brendan Gongol
- Department of Health Sciences, Victor Valley College, Victorville, CA (B.G.)
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, 1207F Genomics Building, University of California, Riverside (B.G.)
| | - Shantel Weinsheimer
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco (S.W., A.S., H.K.)
| | - Catherine Chinhchu Lai
- Department of Medicine (E.F.-A., H.G.-G., C.C.L., C.M.B., B.N., P.H., A.P., H.S., M.G., O.A.M., M.H.G., M.A.L.-R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Marco Orecchioni
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, CA (M.O., K.L.)
| | - Aditya Sriram
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco (S.W., A.S., H.K.)
| | - Cassandra M Bui
- Department of Medicine (E.F.-A., H.G.-G., C.C.L., C.M.B., B.N., P.H., A.P., H.S., M.G., O.A.M., M.H.G., M.A.L.-R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Bliss Nelsen
- Department of Medicine (E.F.-A., H.G.-G., C.C.L., C.M.B., B.N., P.H., A.P., H.S., M.G., O.A.M., M.H.G., M.A.L.-R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Preston Hale
- Department of Medicine (E.F.-A., H.G.-G., C.C.L., C.M.B., B.N., P.H., A.P., H.S., M.G., O.A.M., M.H.G., M.A.L.-R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Angela Pham
- Department of Medicine (E.F.-A., H.G.-G., C.C.L., C.M.B., B.N., P.H., A.P., H.S., M.G., O.A.M., M.H.G., M.A.L.-R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Robert Shenkar
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, IL (R.S., D.D., R.L., R.G., Y.L., A.S., I.A.A.)
| | - Dorothy DeBiasse
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, IL (R.S., D.D., R.L., R.G., Y.L., A.S., I.A.A.)
| | - Rhonda Lightle
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, IL (R.S., D.D., R.L., R.G., Y.L., A.S., I.A.A.)
| | - Romuald Girard
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, IL (R.S., D.D., R.L., R.G., Y.L., A.S., I.A.A.)
| | - Ying Li
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, IL (R.S., D.D., R.L., R.G., Y.L., A.S., I.A.A.)
| | - Abhinav Srinath
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, IL (R.S., D.D., R.L., R.G., Y.L., A.S., I.A.A.)
| | - Richard Daneman
- Department of Pharmacology (R.D., M.A.L.-R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Eric Nudleman
- Department of Ophthalmology (E.N.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine (E.F.-A., H.G.-G., C.C.L., C.M.B., B.N., P.H., A.P., H.S., M.G., O.A.M., M.H.G., M.A.L.-R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Monica Guma
- Department of Medicine (E.F.-A., H.G.-G., C.C.L., C.M.B., B.N., P.H., A.P., H.S., M.G., O.A.M., M.H.G., M.A.L.-R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Alexandre Dubrac
- Centre de Recherche, CHU St. Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.D.)
| | - Omar A Mesarwi
- Department of Medicine (E.F.-A., H.G.-G., C.C.L., C.M.B., B.N., P.H., A.P., H.S., M.G., O.A.M., M.H.G., M.A.L.-R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, CA (M.O., K.L.)
| | - Helen Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco (S.W., A.S., H.K.)
| | - Issam A Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, IL (R.S., D.D., R.L., R.G., Y.L., A.S., I.A.A.)
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine (E.F.-A., H.G.-G., C.C.L., C.M.B., B.N., P.H., A.P., H.S., M.G., O.A.M., M.H.G., M.A.L.-R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Miguel Alejandro Lopez-Ramirez
- Department of Medicine (E.F.-A., H.G.-G., C.C.L., C.M.B., B.N., P.H., A.P., H.S., M.G., O.A.M., M.H.G., M.A.L.-R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Pharmacology (R.D., M.A.L.-R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
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Nagar N, Naidu G, Panda SK, Gulati K, Singh RP, Poluri KM. Elucidating the role of chemokines in inflammaging associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111944. [PMID: 38782074 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Age-related inflammation or inflammaging is a critical deciding factor of physiological homeostasis during aging. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are exquisitely associated with aging and inflammation and are one of the leading causes of high mortality in the elderly population. Inflammaging comprises dysregulation of crosstalk between the vascular and cardiac tissues that deteriorates the vasculature network leading to development of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic-associated CVDs in elderly populations. Leukocyte differentiation, migration and recruitment holds a crucial position in both inflammaging and atherosclerotic CVDs through relaying the activity of an intricate network of inflammation-associated protein-protein interactions. Among these interactions, small immunoproteins such as chemokines play a major role in the progression of inflammaging and atherosclerosis. Chemokines are actively involved in lymphocyte migration and severe inflammatory response at the site of injury. They relay their functions via chemokine-G protein-coupled receptors-glycosaminoglycan signaling axis and is a principal part for the detection of age-related atherosclerosis and related CVDs. This review focuses on highlighting the detailed intricacies of the effects of chemokine-receptor interaction and chemokine oligomerization on lymphocyte recruitment and its evident role in clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis and related CVDs. Further, the role of chemokine mediated signaling for formulating next-generation therapeutics against atherosclerosis has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Goutami Naidu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Khushboo Gulati
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Ravindra Pal Singh
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat International Finance Tec-City, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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3
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Ran M, Li S, Lan J, Chen F, Wu D. Association of monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio and a composite risk score with left ventricular aneurysm formation in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Coron Artery Dis 2024:00019501-990000000-00219. [PMID: 38682446 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) is an important complication of acute myocardial infarction. This study aimed to investigate the potential predictive value of the monocyte count to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and a composite risk score in determining the formation of LVA in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS We recruited 1005 consecutive patients with STEMI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted identify the independent risk factors for LVA formation. Predictive power of MHR and composite risk score for LVA formation were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS The MHR was significantly higher among patients with LVA compared to those without LVA [6.6 (3.8-10.8) vs. 4.6 (3.3-6.3), P < 0.001]. Univariable logistic regression analysis revealed that MHR (OR = 3.866, 95% CI = 2.677-5.582, P < 0.001) was associated with the risk of LVA formation. The predictive value of MHR remained significant even after multivariate logistic regression analysis [odds ratio (OR) = 4.801, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.672-8.629, P < 0.001]. The discriminant power of MHR for LVA is 0.712, which is superior to both monocyte (C statistic = 0.553) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C statistic = 0.654). The composite risk score including MHR, gender, LVEF, hemoglobin, lymphocyte and left anterior descending artery as the culprit vessel could significantly increase the predictive ability (C statistic = 0.920). CONCLUSION A higher MHR could effectively identify individuals at high risk of LVA formation, especially when combined with gender, LVEF, hemoglobin, lymphocyte and left anterior descending artery as the culprit vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fengjuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, China
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4
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Stangret A, Sadowski KA, Jabłoński K, Kochman J, Opolski G, Grabowski M, Tomaniak M. Chemokine Fractalkine and Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease-Is There a Link? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3885. [PMID: 38612695 PMCID: PMC11012077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NO-CAD) constitutes a heterogeneous group of conditions collectively characterized by less than 50% narrowing in at least one major coronary artery with a fractional flow reserve (FFR) of ≤0.80 observed in coronary angiography. The pathogenesis and progression of NO-CAD are still not fully understood, however, inflammatory processes, particularly atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction are known to play a major role in it. Chemokine fractalkine (FKN/CX3CL1) is inherently linked to these processes. FKN/CX3CL1 functions predominantly as a chemoattractant for immune cells, facilitating their transmigration through the vessel wall and inhibiting their apoptosis. Its concentrations correlate positively with major cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, promising preliminary results have shown that FKN/CX3CL1 receptor inhibitor (KAND567) administered in the population of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), inhibits the adverse reaction of the immune system that causes hyperinflammation. Whereas the link between FKN/CX3CL1 and NO-CAD appears evident, further studies are necessary to unveil this complex relationship. In this review, we critically overview the current data on FKN/CX3CL1 in the context of NO-CAD and present the novel clinical implications of the unique structure and function of FKN/CX3CL1 as a compound which distinctively contributes to the pathomechanism of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stangret
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karol Artur Sadowski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Konrad Jabłoński
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Janusz Kochman
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Opolski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcin Grabowski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariusz Tomaniak
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
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5
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Luca AC, David SG, David AG, Țarcă V, Pădureț IA, Mîndru DE, Roșu ST, Roșu EV, Adumitrăchioaiei H, Bernic J, Cojocaru E, Țarcă E. Atherosclerosis from Newborn to Adult-Epidemiology, Pathological Aspects, and Risk Factors. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2056. [PMID: 37895437 PMCID: PMC10608492 DOI: 10.3390/life13102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world, accounting for 16.7 million deaths each year. The underlying pathological process for the majority of cardiovascular diseases is atherosclerosis, a slowly progressing, multifocal, chronic, immune-inflammatory disease that involves the intima of large and medium-sized arteries. The process of atherosclerosis begins in childhood as fatty streaks-an accumulation of lipids, inflammatory cells, and smooth muscle cells in the arterial wall. Over time, a more complex lesion develops into an atheroma and characteristic fibrous plaques. Atherosclerosis alone is rarely fatal; it is the further changes that render fibrous plaques vulnerable to rupture; plaque rupture represents the most common cause of coronary thrombosis. The prevalence of atherosclerosis is increasing worldwide and more than 50% of people with circulatory disease die of it, mostly in modern societies. Epidemiological studies have revealed several environmental and genetic risk factors that are associated with the early formation of a pathogenic foundation for atherosclerosis, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and smoking. The purpose of this review is to bring together the current information concerning the origin and progression of atherosclerosis in childhood as well as the identification of known risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Costina Luca
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.L.); (D.E.M.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Simona Georgiana David
- Saint Mary Emergency Hospital for Children, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (S.G.D.); (A.G.D.); (I.-A.P.); (H.A.)
| | - Alexandru Gabriel David
- Saint Mary Emergency Hospital for Children, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (S.G.D.); (A.G.D.); (I.-A.P.); (H.A.)
| | - Viorel Țarcă
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana-Alexandra Pădureț
- Saint Mary Emergency Hospital for Children, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (S.G.D.); (A.G.D.); (I.-A.P.); (H.A.)
| | - Dana Elena Mîndru
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.L.); (D.E.M.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Solange Tamara Roșu
- Nursing Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Eduard Vasile Roșu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.L.); (D.E.M.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Heidrun Adumitrăchioaiei
- Saint Mary Emergency Hospital for Children, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (S.G.D.); (A.G.D.); (I.-A.P.); (H.A.)
| | - Jana Bernic
- Discipline of Pediatric Surgery, “Nicolae Testemițanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2025 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I—Pathology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Țarcă
- Surgery II Department—Pediatric Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Loh SX, Ekinci Y, Spray L, Jeyalan V, Olin T, Richardson G, Austin D, Alkhalil M, Spyridopoulos I. Fractalkine Signalling (CX 3CL1/CX 3CR1 Axis) as an Emerging Target in Coronary Artery Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4821. [PMID: 37510939 PMCID: PMC10381654 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common and dramatic complication of atherosclerosis, which, despite successful reperfusion therapy, can lead to incident heart failure (HF). HF occurs when the healing process is impaired due to adverse left ventricular remodelling, and can be the result of so-called ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), visualised by the development of intramyocardial haemorrhage (IMH) or microvascular obstruction (MVO) in cardiac MRI. Thus far, translation of novel pharmacological strategies from preclinical studies to target either IRI or HF post MI have been largely unsuccessful. Anti-inflammatory therapies also carry the risk of affecting the immune system. Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine, present as a transmembrane protein on the endothelium, or following cleavage as a soluble ligand, attracting leukocyte subsets expressing the corresponding receptor CX3CR1. We have shown previously that the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 is associated with MVO in patients undergoing primary PCI. Moreover, inhibition of CX3CR1 with an allosteric small molecule antagonist (KAND567) in the rat MI model reduces acute infarct size, inflammation, and IMH. Here we review the cellular biology of fractalkine and its receptor, along with ongoing studies that introduce CX3CR1 as a future target in coronary artery disease, specifically in patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xian Loh
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Yasemin Ekinci
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Luke Spray
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Visvesh Jeyalan
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
- Academic Cardiovascular Unit, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK;
- Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Thomas Olin
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, 171 65 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Gavin Richardson
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - David Austin
- Academic Cardiovascular Unit, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK;
- Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mohammad Alkhalil
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
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7
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Germano DB, Oliveira SB, Bachi ALL, Juliano Y, Novo NF, Bussador do Amaral J, França CN. Monocyte chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Immunol Lett 2023; 256-257:1-8. [PMID: 36893859 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are fundamental in many processes related to cardiovascular diseases, such as monocyte migration to vessel walls, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis, among others. Even though many experimental studies have shown the utility of blocking these receptors or their ligands in the treatment of atherosclerosis, the findings in clinical research are still poor. Thus, in the current review we aimed to describe some promising results concerning the blockade of chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and also to discuss some challenges that need to be overcome before using these strategies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yára Juliano
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neil Ferreira Novo
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Bussador do Amaral
- ENT Research Laboratory, Otorhinolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery Department, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nunes França
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Tsioufis P, Theofilis P, Tsioufis K, Tousoulis D. The Impact of Cytokines in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Current Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415937. [PMID: 36555579 PMCID: PMC9788180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic pathological process that involves inflammation together with endothelial dysfunction and lipoprotein dysregulation. Experimental studies during the past decades have established the role of inflammatory cytokines in coronary artery disease, namely interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ, and chemokines. Moreover, their value as biomarkers in disease development and progression further enhance the validity of this interaction. Recently, cytokine-targeted treatment approaches have emerged as potential tools in the management of atherosclerotic disease. IL-1β, based on the results of the CANTOS trial, remains the most validated option in reducing the residual cardiovascular risk. Along the same line, colchicine was also proven efficacious in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events in large clinical trials of patients with acute and chronic coronary syndrome. Other commercially available agents targeting IL-6 (tocilizumab), TNF-α (etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab), or IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) have mostly been assessed in the setting of other inflammatory diseases and further testing in atherosclerosis is required. In the future, potential targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome, anti-inflammatory IL-10, or atherogenic chemokines could represent appealing options, provided that patient safety is proven to be of no concern.
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9
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Zhang S, Wan D, Zhu M, Wang G, Zhang X, Huang N, Zhang J, Zhang C, Shang Q, Zhang C, Liu X, Liang F, Zhang C, Kong G, Geng J, Yao L, Lu S, Chen Y, Li Z. CD11b + CD43 hi Ly6C lo splenocyte-derived macrophages exacerbate liver fibrosis via spleen-liver axis. Hepatology 2022; 77:1612-1629. [PMID: 36098707 PMCID: PMC10113005 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs), a dominant population of hepatic macrophages under inflammation, play a crucial role in liver fibrosis progression. The spleen serves as an extra monocyte reservoir in inflammatory conditions; however, the precise mechanisms of involvement of the spleen in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis remain unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS By splenectomy and splenocyte transfusion, it was observed that splenic CD11b+ cells accumulated intrahepatically as Ly6Clo MoMFs to exacerbate CCl4 -induced liver fibrosis. The splenocyte migration into the fibrotic liver was further directly visualized by spleen-specific photoconversion with KikGR mice and confirmed by CD45.1+ /CD45.2+ spleen transplantation. Spleen-derived CD11b+ cells purified from fibrotic livers were then annotated by single-cell RNA sequencing, and a subtype of CD11b+ CD43hi Ly6Clo splenic monocytes (sM-1s) was identified, which was markedly expanded in both spleens and livers of mice with liver fibrosis. sM-1s exhibited mature feature with high expressions of F4/80, produced much ROS, and manifested preferential migration into livers. Once recruited, sM-1s underwent sequential transformation to sM-2s (highly expressed Mif, Msr1, Clec4d, and Cstb) and then to spleen-derived macrophages (sMφs) with macrophage features of higher expressions of CX3 CR1, F4/80, MHC class II, and CD64 in the fibrotic hepatic milieu. Furthermore, sM-2s and sMφs were demonstrated capable of activating hepatic stellate cells and thus exacerbating liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS CD11b+ CD43hi Ly6Clo splenic monocytes migrate into the liver and shift to macrophages, which account for the exacerbation of liver fibrosis. These findings reveal precise mechanisms of spleen-liver axis in hepatic pathogenesis and shed light on the potential of sM-1 as candidate target for controlling liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS-Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Wan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS-Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengchen Zhu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS-Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, Xi'an, China
| | - Guihu Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS-Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, Xi'an, China
| | - Xurui Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS-Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Huang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS-Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS-Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chongyu Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS-Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Shang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS-Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS-Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS-Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, Xi'an, China
| | - Fanfan Liang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS-Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangyao Kong
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS-Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Geng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, Xi'an, China
| | - Libo Yao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shemin Lu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongyan Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zongfang Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Liver and Spleen Diseases, CHESS-Shaanxi consortium, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi International Cooperation Base for Inflammation and Immunity, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, China
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10
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von Ehr A, Bode C, Hilgendorf I. Macrophages in Atheromatous Plaque Developmental Stages. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:865367. [PMID: 35548412 PMCID: PMC9081876 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.865367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathomechanism leading to cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction or stroke. There is consensus that atherosclerosis is not only a metabolic disorder but rather a chronic inflammatory disease influenced by various immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Macrophages constitute the largest population of inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic lesions. They play a critical role in all stages of atherogenesis. The heterogenous macrophage population can be subdivided on the basis of their origins into resident, yolk sac and fetal liver monocyte-derived macrophages and postnatal monocyte-derived, recruited macrophages. Recent transcriptomic analyses revealed that the major macrophage populations in atherosclerosis include resident, inflammatory and foamy macrophages, representing a more functional classification. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the trafficking, fate, and functional aspects of the different macrophage populations in the "life cycle" of an atheromatous plaque. Understanding the chronic inflammatory state in atherosclerotic lesions is an important basis for developing new therapeutic approaches to abolish lesion growth and promote plaque regression in addition to general cholesterol lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander von Ehr
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Hourani T, Holden JA, Li W, Lenzo JC, Hadjigol S, O’Brien-Simpson NM. Tumor Associated Macrophages: Origin, Recruitment, Phenotypic Diversity, and Targeting. Front Oncol 2021; 11:788365. [PMID: 34988021 PMCID: PMC8722774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.788365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is known to have a strong influence on tumorigenesis, with various components being involved in tumor suppression and tumor growth. A protumorigenic TME is characterized by an increased infiltration of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), where their presence is strongly associated with tumor progression, therapy resistance, and poor survival rates. This association between the increased TAMs and poor therapeutic outcomes are stemming an increasing interest in investigating TAMs as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment. Prominent mechanisms in targeting TAMs include: blocking recruitment, stimulating repolarization, and depletion methods. For enhancing targeting specificity multiple nanomaterials are currently being explored for the precise delivery of chemotherapeutic cargo, including the conjugation with TAM-targeting peptides. In this paper, we provide a focused literature review of macrophage biology in relation to their role in tumorigenesis. First, we discuss the origin, recruitment mechanisms, and phenotypic diversity of TAMs based on recent investigations in the literature. Then the paper provides a detailed review on the current methods of targeting TAMs, including the use of nanomaterials as novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Antimicrobial, Cancer Therapeutics and Vaccines (ACTV) Research Group, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, Royal Dental Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Márquez AB, van der Vorst EPC, Maas SL. Key Chemokine Pathways in Atherosclerosis and Their Therapeutic Potential. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3825. [PMID: 34501271 PMCID: PMC8432216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The search to improve therapies to prevent or treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rages on, as CVDs remain a leading cause of death worldwide. Here, the main cause of CVDs, atherosclerosis, and its prevention, take center stage. Chemokines and their receptors have long been known to play an important role in the pathophysiological development of atherosclerosis. Their role extends from the initiation to the progression, and even the potential regression of atherosclerotic lesions. These important regulators in atherosclerosis are therefore an obvious target in the development of therapeutic strategies. A plethora of preclinical studies have assessed various possibilities for targeting chemokine signaling via various approaches, including competitive ligands and microRNAs, which have shown promising results in ameliorating atherosclerosis. Developments in the field also include detailed imaging with tracers that target specific chemokine receptors. Lastly, clinical trials revealed the potential of various therapies but still require further investigation before commencing clinical use. Although there is still a lot to be learned and investigated, it is clear that chemokines and their receptors present attractive yet extremely complex therapeutic targets. Therefore, this review will serve to provide a general overview of the connection between various chemokines and their receptors with atherosclerosis. The different developments, including mouse models and clinical trials that tackle this complex interplay will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonnin Márquez
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sanne L. Maas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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13
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Williams H, Mack CD, Li SCH, Fletcher JP, Medbury HJ. Nature versus Number: Monocytes in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179119. [PMID: 34502027 PMCID: PMC8430468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes play a key role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) as their influx into the vessel wall is necessary for the development of an atherosclerotic plaque. Monocytes are, however, heterogeneous differentiating from classical monocytes through the intermediate subset to the nonclassical subset. While it is recognized that the percentage of intermediate and nonclassical monocytes are higher in individuals with CVD, accompanying changes in inflammatory markers suggest a functional impact on disease development that goes beyond the increased proportion of these ‘inflammatory’ monocyte subsets. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that changes in monocyte proportion and function arise in dyslipidemia, with lipid lowering medication having some effect on reversing these changes. This review explores the nature and number of monocyte subsets in CVD addressing what they are, when they arise, the effect of lipid lowering treatment, and the possible implications for plaque development. Understanding these associations will deepen our understanding of the clinical significance of monocytes in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Williams
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (H.W.); (C.D.M.); (J.P.F.)
- Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Corinne D. Mack
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (H.W.); (C.D.M.); (J.P.F.)
- Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Stephen C. H. Li
- Chemical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital and Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia;
- Blacktown/Mt Druitt Clinical School, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, NSW 2148, Australia
| | - John P. Fletcher
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (H.W.); (C.D.M.); (J.P.F.)
- Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Heather J. Medbury
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (H.W.); (C.D.M.); (J.P.F.)
- Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Correspondence:
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14
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Pérez-Olivares L, Soehnlein O. Contemporary Lifestyle and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: An Emerging Link in Atherosclerosis Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1985. [PMID: 34440753 PMCID: PMC8394440 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular genetic material decorated with proteins of nuclear, granular and cytosolic origin that activated neutrophils expel under pathogenic inflammatory conditions. NETs are part of the host's innate immune defense system against invading pathogens. Interestingly, these extracellular structures can also be released in response to sterile inflammatory stimuli (e.g., shear stress, lipidic molecules, pro-thrombotic factors, aggregated platelets, or pro-inflammatory cytokines), as in atherosclerosis disease. Indeed, NETs have been identified in the intimal surface of diseased arteries under cardiovascular disease conditions, where they sustain inflammation via NET-mediated cell-adhesion mechanisms and promote cellular dysfunction and tissue damage via NET-associated cytotoxicity. This review will focus on (1) the active role of neutrophils and NETs as underestimated players of the inflammatory process during atherogenesis and lesion progression; (2) how these extracellular structures communicate with the main cell types present in the atherosclerotic lesion in the arterial wall; and (3) how these neutrophil effector functions interplay with lifestyle-derived risk factors such as an unbalanced diet, physical inactivity, smoking or lack of sleep quality, which represent major elements in the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Olivares
- Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institute, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Bonacina F, Martini E, Svecla M, Nour J, Cremonesi M, Beretta G, Moregola A, Pellegatta F, Zampoleri V, Catapano AL, Kallikourdis M, Norata GD. Adoptive transfer of CX3CR1 transduced-T regulatory cells improves homing to the atherosclerotic plaques and dampens atherosclerosis progression. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2069-2082. [PMID: 32931583 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Loss of immunosuppressive response supports inflammation during atherosclerosis. We tested whether adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with Tregulatory cells (Tregs), engineered to selectively migrate in the atherosclerotic plaque, would dampen the immune-inflammatory response in the arterial wall in animal models of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). METHODS AND RESULTS FH patients presented a decreased Treg suppressive function associated to an increased inflammatory burden. A similar phenotype was observed in Ldlr -/- mice accompanied by a selective increased expression of the chemokine CX3CL1 in the aorta but not in other districts (lymph nodes, spleen, and liver). Treg overexpressing CX3CR1 were thus generated (CX3CR1+-Tregs) to drive Tregs selectively to the plaque. CX3CR1+-Tregs were injected (i.v.) in Ldlr -/- fed high-cholesterol diet (western type diet, WTD) for 8 weeks. CX3CR1+-Tregs were detected in the aorta, but not in other tissues, of Ldlr -/- mice 24 h after ACT, corroborating the efficacy of this approach. After 4 additional weeks of WTD, ACT with CX3CR1+-Tregs resulted in reduced plaque progression and lipid deposition, ameliorated plaque stability by increasing collagen and smooth muscle cells content, while decreasing the number of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Shotgun proteomics of the aorta showed a metabolic rewiring in CX3CR1+-Tregs treated Ldlr -/- mice compared to controls that was associated with the improvement of inflammation-resolving pathways and disease progression. CONCLUSION ACT with vasculotropic Tregs appears as a promising strategy to selectively target immune activation in the atherosclerotic plaque.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Adult
- Animals
- Aortic Diseases/immunology
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Genetic Therapy
- Humans
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/immunology
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Prospective Studies
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Transduction, Genetic
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Martini
- Adaptive Immunity Lab, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jasmine Nour
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cremonesi
- Adaptive Immunity Lab, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Moregola
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Zampoleri
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Centro SISA per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Adaptive Immunity Lab, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Centro SISA per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
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16
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Targeting the chemokine network in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2021; 330:95-106. [PMID: 34247863 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors represent a potential target for immunotherapy in chronic inflammation. They comprise a large family of cytokines with chemotactic activity, and their cognate receptors are expressed on all cells of the body. This network dictates leukocyte recruitment and activation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and maturation. Dysregulation of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression as well as function participates in many pathologies including cancer, autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. In atherosclerosis, a lipid-driven chronic inflammation of middle-sized and large arteries, chemokines and their receptors participates in almost all stages of the disease from initiation of fatty streaks to mature atherosclerotic plaque formation. Atherosclerosis and its complications are the main driver of mortality and morbidity in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Hence, exploring new fields of therapeutic targeting of atherosclerosis is of key importance. This review gives an overview of the recent advances on the role of key chemokines and chemokine receptors in atherosclerosis, addresses chemokine-based biomarkers at biochemical, imaging and genetic level in human studies, and highlights the clinial trials targeting atherosclerosis.
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17
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Roy-Chowdhury E, Brauns N, Helmke A, Nordlohne J, Bräsen JH, Schmitz J, Volkmann J, Fleig SV, Kusche-Vihrog K, Haller H, von Vietinghoff S. Human CD16+ monocytes promote a pro-atherosclerotic endothelial cell phenotype via CX3CR1-CX3CL1 interaction. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1510-1522. [PMID: 32717023 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Monocytes are central for atherosclerotic vascular inflammation. The human non-classical, patrolling subtype, which expresses high levels of CD16 and fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, strongly associates with cardiovascular events. This is most marked in renal failure, a condition with excess atherosclerosis morbidity. The underlying mechanism is not understood. This study investigated how human CD16+ monocytes modulate endothelial cell function. METHODS AND RESULTS In patients with kidney failure, CD16+ monocyte counts were elevated and dynamically decreased within a year after transplantation, chiefly due to a drop in CD14+CD16+ cells. The CX3CR1 ligand CX3CL1 was similarly elevated in the circulation of humans and mice with renal impairment. CX3CL1 up-regulation was also observed close to macrophage rich human coronary artery plaques. To investigate a mechanistic basis of this association, CD16+CX3CR1HIGH monocytes were co-incubated with primary human endothelium in vitro. Compared to classical CD14+ monocytes or transwell cocultures, CD16+ monocytes enhanced endothelial STAT1 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, up-regulated expression of CX3CL1 and interleukin-1β, numerous CCL and CXCL chemokines and molecules promoting leucocyte patrolling and adhesion such as ICAM1 and VCAM1. Genes required for vasodilatation including endothelial nitric oxide synthase decreased while endothelial collagen production increased. Uraemic patients' monocytes enhanced endothelial CX3CL1 even more markedly. Their receptor CX3CR1 was required for enhanced aortic endothelial stiffness in murine atherosclerosis with renal impairment. CX3CR1 dose-dependently modulated monocyte-contact-dependent gene expression in human endothelium. CONCLUSION By demonstrating endothelial proatherosclerotic gene regulation in direct contact with CD16+ monocytes, in part via cellular CX3CR1-CX3CL1 interaction, our data delineate a mechanism how this celltype can increase cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Roy-Chowdhury
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brauns
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Helmke
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Nordlohne
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Schmitz
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Volkmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne V Fleig
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hermann Haller
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sibylle von Vietinghoff
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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18
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Zang X, Cheng M, Zhang X, Chen X. Targeting macrophages using nanoparticles: a potential therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3284-3294. [PMID: 33881414 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02956d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of vascular diseases, with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Macrophages play a critical role in the development and local inflammatory responses of atherosclerosis, contributing to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Considering their central roles, macrophages have gained considerable attention as a therapeutic target to attenuate atherosclerotic progression and stabilize existing plaques. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems further provide possibilities to selectively and effectively deliver therapeutic agents into intraplaque macrophages. Although challenges are numerous and clinical application is still distant, the design and development of macrophage-targeting nanoparticles will generate new knowledge and experiences to improve therapeutic outcomes and minimize toxicity. Hence, the review aims to discuss various strategies for macrophage modulation and the development and evaluation of macrophage targeting nanomedicines for anti-atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Zang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, P. R. China.
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19
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Zhao Y, Ren P, Li Q, Umar SA, Yang T, Dong Y, Yu F, Nie Y. Low Shear Stress Upregulates CX3CR1 Expression by Inducing VCAM-1 via the NF-κB Pathway in Vascular Endothelial Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:383-389. [PMID: 32686027 PMCID: PMC7403166 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Studies suggest that the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 plays a critical role in atherogenesis. Shear stress is an important mechanical force that affects blood vessel function. In this study, we investigated the effect of shear stress on CX3CR1 expression in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). First, cells were exposed to different shear stress and then CX3CR1 mRNA and protein were measured by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. CX3CR1 gene silencing was used to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying shear stress-mediated effects on CX3CR1 expression. CX3CR1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased with 4.14 dyne/cm2 of shear stress compared with other tested levels of shear stress. We observed a significant increase in CX3CR1 mRNA levels at 2 h and CX3CR1 protein expression at 4 h. CX3CR1-induced VCAM-1 expression in response to low shear stress by activating NF-κB signaling pathway in VECs. Our findings demonstrate that low shear stress increases CX3CR1 expression, which increases VCAM-1 expression due to elevated NF-κB activation. The current study provides evidence of the correlation between shear stress and atherosclerosis mediated by CX3CR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Peile Ren
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Qiufang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shafiu Adam Umar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yahui Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengxu Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yongmei Nie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China.
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20
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Li C, Zhong X, Xia W, He J, Gan H, Zhao H, Xia Y. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis is upregulated in chronic kidney disease and contributes to angiotensin II-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Microvasc Res 2020; 132:104037. [PMID: 32615135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the chemokine axis, CX3CL1/CX3CR1, in the development of cardiovascular diseases has been widely speculated. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a pivotal factor promoting cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether there is a link between the two in CKD remains unclear. METHODS The uremic mice were treated with losartan for 8 weeks, and the expression of aortic CX3CL1/CX3CR1 was detected. Cultured mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were stimulated with Ang II, and then CX3CR1 expression was assessed by western blot. After the targeted disruption of CX3CR1 by transfection with siRNA, the migration of VSMCs was detected by transwell assay. Finally, both the activation of Akt pathway and the expression of IL-6 were detected by western blot. RESULTS Losartan treatment reduced the upregulation of aortic CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression in uremic mice. In vitro, Ang II significantly upregulated CX3CR1 expression in VSMCs. Targeted disruption of CX3CR1 attenuated Ang II-induced migration of VSMCs. In addition, the use of CX3CR1-siRNA suppressed Akt phosphorylation and IL-6 production in VSMCs stimulated by Ang II. CONCLUSIONS The aortic CX3CL1/CX3CR1 is upregulated by Ang II in CKD, and it contributes to Ang II-induced migration of VSMCs in vitro.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Chemokine CX3CL1/genetics
- Chemokine CX3CL1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation
- Uremia/metabolism
- Uremia/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Li
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Class 4, Grade 2, Guangzhou Zhixin High School, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - HongFei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yunfeng Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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21
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Zhang C, Frye MD, Sun W, Sharma A, Manohar S, Salvi R, Hu BH. New insights on repeated acoustic injury: Augmentation of cochlear susceptibility and inflammatory reaction resultant of prior acoustic injury. Hear Res 2020; 393:107996. [PMID: 32534268 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In industrial and military settings, individuals who suffer from one episode of acoustic trauma are likely to sustain another episode of acoustic stress, creating an opportunity for a potential interaction between the two stress conditions. We previously demonstrated that acoustic overstimulation perturbs the cochlear immune environment. However, how the cochlear immune system responds to repeated acoustic overstimulation is unknown. Here, we used a mouse model to investigate the cochlear immune response to repeated stress. We reveal that exposure to an intense noise at 120 dB SPL for 1 h activates the cochlear immune response in a time-dependent fashion with substantial expansion and activation of the macrophage population in the cochlea at 2-days post-exposure. At 20-days post-exposure, the number and pro-inflammatory phenotypes of cochlear macrophages have significantly subsided, but have yet to return to homeostatic levels. Monocytes with anti-inflammatory phenotypes are recruited into the cochlea. With the presence of this residual immune activation, a second exposure to the same noise provokes an exaggerated inflammatory response as evidenced by exacerbated maturation of macrophages. Furthermore, the second noise causes greater sensory cell pathogenesis. Unlike the first noise-induced damage that occurs mainly between 0 and 2 days post-exposure, the second noise-induced damage occurs more frequently between 2 and 20 days post-exposure, the period when secondary damage takes place. These observations suggest that repeated acoustic overstimulation exacerbates cochlear inflammation and secondary sensory cell pathogenesis. Together, our results suggest that the cochlear immune system plays an important role in modulating cochlear responses to repeated acoustic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Zhang
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Mitchell D Frye
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Wei Sun
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Ashu Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA, 14214.
| | - Senthilvelan Manohar
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Bo Hua Hu
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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22
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Schinzari F, Tesauro M, Campia U, Cardillo C. Increased fractalkine and vascular dysfunction in obesity and in type 2 diabetes. Effects of oral antidiabetic treatment. Vascul Pharmacol 2020; 128-129:106676. [PMID: 32224233 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Activation of fractalkine and other chemokines plays an important role in atherogenesis and, in conjunction with endothelial dysfunction, promotes premature vascular damage in obesity and diabetes. We hypothesized that increased circulating fractalkine coexists with impaired vasomotor function in metabolically healthy or unhealthy obesity, and that treatment with antidiabetic drugs may impact these abnormalities in type 2 diabetes. Compared to lean subjects, in both obese groups the vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were impaired (both P < .001); ETA-receptor blockade resulted in greater vasodilation (both P < .001); and plasma levels of fractalkine, E-selectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were increased (all P < .05). In diabetic patients, oral antidiabetic drugs (glyburide, metformin or pioglitazone) reduced circulating levels fractalkine and E-selectin (both P < .05), without affecting vascular responses (all P > .05). Our findings indicate that insulin resistant states are associated with elevated atherogenic chemokines and impaired vascular reactivity. Antidiabetic treatment results in lower circulating fractalkine, which may provide cardiovascular benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Università Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Umberto Campia
- Vascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmine Cardillo
- Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
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23
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Rigby MJ, Gomez TM, Puglielli L. Glial Cell-Axonal Growth Cone Interactions in Neurodevelopment and Regeneration. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:203. [PMID: 32210757 PMCID: PMC7076157 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing nervous system is a complex yet organized system of neurons, glial support cells, and extracellular matrix that arranges into an elegant, highly structured network. The extracellular and intracellular events that guide axons to their target locations have been well characterized in many regions of the developing nervous system. However, despite extensive work, we have a poor understanding of how axonal growth cones interact with surrounding glial cells to regulate network assembly. Glia-to-growth cone communication is either direct through cellular contacts or indirect through modulation of the local microenvironment via the secretion of factors or signaling molecules. Microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, Schwann cells, neural progenitor cells, and olfactory ensheathing cells have all been demonstrated to directly impact axon growth and guidance. Expanding our understanding of how different glial cell types directly interact with growing axons throughout neurodevelopment will inform basic and clinical neuroscientists. For example, identifying the key cellular players beyond the axonal growth cone itself may provide translational clues to develop therapeutic interventions to modulate neuron growth during development or regeneration following injury. This review will provide an overview of the current knowledge about glial involvement in development of the nervous system, specifically focusing on how glia directly interact with growing and maturing axons to influence neuronal connectivity. This focus will be applied to the clinically-relevant field of regeneration following spinal cord injury, highlighting how a better understanding of the roles of glia in neurodevelopment can inform strategies to improve axon regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rigby
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Timothy M Gomez
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, WI, United States
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24
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Babaev VR, Ding L, Zhang Y, May JM, Ramsey SA, Vickers KC, Linton MF. Loss of 2 Akt (Protein Kinase B) Isoforms in Hematopoietic Cells Diminished Monocyte and Macrophage Survival and Reduces Atherosclerosis in Ldl Receptor-Null Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:156-169. [PMID: 30567482 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Macrophages express 3 Akt (protein kinase B) isoforms, Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3, which display isoform-specific functions but may be redundant in terms of Akt survival signaling. We hypothesize that loss of 2 Akt isoforms in macrophages will suppress their ability to survive and modulate the development of atherosclerosis. Approach and Results- To test this hypothesis, we reconstituted male Ldlr-/- mice with double Akt2/Akt3 knockout hematopoietic cells expressing only the Akt1 isoform (Akt1only). There were no differences in body weight and plasma lipid levels between the groups after 8 weeks of the Western diet; however, Akt1only→ Ldlr-/- mice developed smaller (57.6% reduction) atherosclerotic lesions with more apoptotic macrophages than control mice transplanted with WT (wild type) cells. Next, male and female Ldlr-/- mice were reconstituted with double Akt1/Akt2 knockout hematopoietic cells expressing the Akt3 isoform (Akt3only). Female and male Akt3only→ Ldlr-/- recipients had significantly smaller (61% and 41%, respectively) lesions than the control WT→ Ldlr-/- mice. Loss of 2 Akt isoforms in hematopoietic cells resulted in markedly diminished levels of white blood cells, B cells, and monocytes and compromised viability of monocytes and peritoneal macrophages compared with WT cells. In response to lipopolysaccharides, macrophages with a single Akt isoform expressed low levels of inflammatory cytokines; however, Akt1only macrophages were distinct in expressing high levels of antiapoptotic Il10 compared with WT and Akt3only cells. Conclusions- Loss of 2 Akt isoforms in hematopoietic cells, preserving only a single Akt1 or Akt3 isoform, markedly compromises monocyte and macrophage viability and diminishes early atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir R Babaev
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (V.R.B., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., K.C.V., M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Lei Ding
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (V.R.B., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., K.C.V., M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Youmin Zhang
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (V.R.B., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., K.C.V., M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - James M May
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (V.R.B., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., K.C.V., M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.M.M., K.C.V.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Stephen A Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Corvallis (S.A.R.)
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (V.R.B., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., K.C.V., M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.M.M., K.C.V.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - MacRae F Linton
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (V.R.B., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., K.C.V., M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.,Department of Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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25
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Choi JY, Kim JH, Hossain FMA, Uyangaa E, Park SO, Kim B, Kim K, Eo SK. Indispensable Role of CX 3CR1 + Dendritic Cells in Regulation of Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation Through Rapid Development of Antiviral Immunity in Peripheral Lymphoid Tissues. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1467. [PMID: 31316515 PMCID: PMC6610490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A coordinated host immune response mediated via chemokine network plays a crucial role in boosting defense mechanisms against pathogenic infections. The speed of Ag presentation and delivery by CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) to cognate T cells in lymphoid tissues may decide the pathological severity of the infection. Here, we investigated the role of CX3CR1 in the neuroinflammation induced by infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a neurotrophic virus. Interestingly, CX3CR1 deficiency strongly enhanced susceptibility to JEV only after peripheral inoculation via footpad. By contrast, both CX3CR1+/+ and CX3CR1-/- mice showed comparable susceptibility to JEV following inoculation via intranasal and intraperitoneal routes. CX3CR1-/- mice exhibited lethal neuroinflammation after JEV inoculation via footpad route, showing high mortality, morbidity, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and uncontrolled CNS-infiltration of peripheral leukocytes including Ly-6Chi monocytes and Ly-6Ghi granulocytes. Furthermore, the absence of CX3CR1+CD11c+ DCs appeared to enhance susceptibility of CX3CR1-/- mice to JE after peripheral JEV inoculation. CX3CR1 ablation impaired the migration of CX3CR1+CD11c+ DCs from JEV-inoculated sites to draining lymph nodes (dLNs), resulting in decreased NK cell activation and JEV-specific CD4+/CD8+ T-cell responses. However, CX3CR1-competent mice showed rapid temporal expression of viral Ags in dLNs. Subsequently, JEV was rapidly cleared, with concomitant generation of antiviral NK cell activation and T-cell responses mediated by rapid migration of JEV Ag+CX3CR1+CD11c+ DCs. Using biallelic functional CX3CR1 expression system, the functional expression of CX3CR1 on CD11chi DCs appeared to be essentially required for inducing rapid and effective responses of NK cell activation and Ag-specific CD4+ T cells in dLNs. Strikingly, adoptive transfer of CX3CR1+CD11c+ DCs was found to completely restore the resistance of CX3CR1-/- recipients to JEV, as corroborated by the rapid delivery of JEV Ags in dLNs and attenuation of neuroinflammation in the CNS. Collectively, these results indicate that CX3CR1+CD11c+ DCs play an important role in generating rapid and effective responses of antiviral NK cell activation and Ag-specific T cells after peripheral inoculation with the virus, thereby resulting in conferring resistance to viral infection by reducing the peripheral viral burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Choi
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea.,Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Erdenebelig Uyangaa
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seong Ok Park
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
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26
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Abstract
With the incidence and impact of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its clinical manifestations still rising, therapeutic options that target the causal mechanisms of this disorder are highly desired. Since the CANTOS trial (Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study) has demonstrated that lowering inflammation can be beneficial, focusing on mechanisms underlying inflammation, for example, leukocyte recruitment, is feasible. Being key orchestrators of leukocyte trafficking, chemokines have not lost their attractiveness as therapeutic targets, despite the difficult road to drug approval thus far. Still, innovative therapeutic approaches are being developed, paving the road towards the first chemokine-based therapeutic against inflammation. In this overview, recent developments for chemokines and for the chemokine-like factor MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) will be discussed.
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27
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Busada JT, Ramamoorthy S, Cain DW, Xu X, Cook DN, Cidlowski JA. Endogenous glucocorticoids prevent gastric metaplasia by suppressing spontaneous inflammation. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1345-1358. [PMID: 30652972 DOI: 10.1172/jci123233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the stomach, chronic inflammation causes metaplasia and creates a favorable environment for the evolution of gastric cancer. Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that repress proinflammatory stimuli, but their role in the stomach is unknown. In this study, we show that endogenous glucocorticoids are required to maintain gastric homeostasis. Removal of circulating glucocorticoids in mice by adrenalectomy resulted in the rapid onset of spontaneous gastric inflammation, oxyntic atrophy, and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM), a putative precursor of gastric cancer. SPEM and oxyntic atrophy occurred independently of lymphocytes. However, depletion of monocytes and macrophages by clodronate treatment or inhibition of gastric monocyte infiltration using the Cx3cr1 knockout mouse model prevented SPEM development. Our results highlight the requirement for endogenous glucocorticoid signaling within the stomach to prevent spontaneous gastric inflammation and metaplasia, and suggest that glucocorticoid deficiency may lead to gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Busada
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sivapriya Ramamoorthy
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Donald N Cook
- Immunogenetics Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Riopel M, Vassallo M, Ehinger E, Pattison J, Bowden K, Winkels H, Wilson M, de Jong R, Patel S, Balakrishna D, Bilakovics J, Fanjul A, Plonowski A, Larson CJ, Ley K, Cabrales P, Witztum JL, Olefsky JM, Lee YS. CX3CL1-Fc treatment prevents atherosclerosis in Ldlr KO mice. Mol Metab 2019; 20:89-101. [PMID: 30553772 PMCID: PMC6358552 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Monocyte-endothelial cell interactions are partly mediated by expression of monocyte CX3CR1 and endothelial cell fractalkine (CX3CL1). Interrupting the interaction between this ligand-receptor pair should reduce monocyte binding to the endothelial wall and reduce atherosclerosis. We sought to reduce atherosclerosis by preventing monocyte-endothelial cell interactions through use of a long-acting CX3CR1 agonist. METHODS In this study, the chemokine domain of CX3CL1 was fused to the mouse Fc region to generate a long-acting soluble form of CX3CL1 suitable for chronic studies. CX3CL1-Fc or saline was injected twice a week (30 mg/kg) for 4 months into Ldlr knockout (KO) mice on an atherogenic western diet. RESULTS CX3CL1-Fc-treated Ldlr KO mice showed decreased en face aortic lesion surface area and reduced aortic root lesion size with decreased necrotic core area. Flow cytometry analyses of CX3CL1-Fc-treated aortic wall cell digests revealed a decrease in M1-like polarized macrophages and T cells. Moreover, CX3CL1-Fc administration reduced diet-induced atherosclerosis after switching from an atherogenic to a normal chow diet. In vitro monocyte adhesion studies revealed that CX3CL1-Fc treatment caused fewer monocytes to adhere to a human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayer. Furthermore, a dorsal window chamber model demonstrated that CX3CL1-Fc treatment decreased in vivo leukocyte adhesion and rolling in live capillaries after short-term ischemia-reperfusion. CONCLUSION These results indicate that CX3CL1-Fc can inhibit monocyte/endothelial cell adhesion as well as reduce atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Riopel
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Vassallo
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik Ehinger
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Pattison
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen Bowden
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Holger Winkels
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria Wilson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ron de Jong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Deepika Balakrishna
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James Bilakovics
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Fanjul
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Artur Plonowski
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Larson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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29
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Schumski A, Winter C, Döring Y, Soehnlein O. The Ins and Outs of Myeloid Cells in Atherosclerosis. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:479-486. [PMID: 29669334 DOI: 10.1159/000488091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation of the arterial vessel wall that arises from an imbalanced lipid metabolism. A growing body of literature describes leukocyte recruitment as a critical step in the initiation and progression of lesion development. By contrast, the role of leukocytes during plaque regression has been described in less detail. Leukocyte egress might be an important step to resolving chronic inflammation and therefore it may be a promising target for limiting advanced lesion development. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of leukocyte recruitment to the arterial vessel wall. We will discuss mechanisms of leukocyte egress from the lesion site, as well as potential therapeutic strategies to promote atherosclerotic regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Schumski
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Winter
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich,
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30
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Zhou JJ, Wang YM, Lee VWS, Zhang GY, Medbury H, Williams H, Wang Y, Tan TK, Harris DCH, Alexander SI, Durkan AM. DEC205-DC targeted DNA vaccine against CX3CR1 protects against atherogenesis in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195657. [PMID: 29641559 PMCID: PMC5895033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies disrupting the chemokine pathway CX3CL1 (fractalkine)/ CX3CR1 have shown decreased atherosclerosis in animal models but the techniques used to interrupt the pathway have not been easily translatable into human trials. DNA vaccination potentially overcomes the translational difficulties. We evaluated the effect of a DNA vaccine, targeted to CX3CR1, on atherosclerosis in a murine model and examined possible mechanisms of action. DNA vaccination against CX3CR1, enhanced by dendritic cell targeting using DEC-205 single chain variable region fragment (scFv), was performed in 8 week old ApoE-/- mice, fed a normal chow diet. High levels of anti-CX3CR1 antibodies were induced in vaccinated mice. There were no apparent adverse reactions to the vaccine. Arterial vessels of 34 week old mice were examined histologically for atherosclerotic plaque size, macrophage infiltration, smooth muscle cell infiltration and lipid deposition. Vaccinated mice had significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque in the brachiocephalic artery. There was less macrophage infiltration but no significant change to the macrophage phenotype in the plaques. There was less lipid deposition in the lesions, but there was no effect on smooth muscle cell migration. Targeted DNA vaccination to CX3CR1 was well tolerated, induced a strong immune response and resulted in attenuated atherosclerotic lesions with reduced macrophage infiltration. DNA vaccination against chemokine pathways potentially offers a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Jianheng Zhou
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent W. S. Lee
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoff Yu Zhang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Heather Medbury
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Surgery, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Williams
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Surgery, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Ya Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Thian Kui Tan
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - David C. H. Harris
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen I. Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne M. Durkan
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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31
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Collar AL, Swamydas M, O’Hayre M, Sajib MS, Hoffman KW, Singh SP, Mourad A, Johnson MD, Ferre EM, Farber JM, Lim JK, Mikelis CM, Gutkind JS, Lionakis MS. The homozygous CX3CR1-M280 mutation impairs human monocyte survival. JCI Insight 2018; 3:95417. [PMID: 29415879 PMCID: PMC5821174 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have demonstrated that mouse Cx3cr1 signaling promotes monocyte/macrophage survival. In agreement, we previously found that, in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis, genetic deficiency of Cx3cr1 resulted in increased mortality and impaired tissue fungal clearance associated with decreased macrophage survival. We translated this finding by showing that the dysfunctional CX3CR1 variant CX3CR1-M280 was associated with increased risk and worse outcome of human systemic candidiasis. However, the impact of this mutation on human monocyte/macrophage survival is poorly understood. Herein, we hypothesized that CX3CR1-M280 impairs human monocyte survival. We identified WT (CX3CR1-WT/WT), CX3CR1-WT/M280 heterozygous, and CX3CR1-M280/M280 homozygous healthy donors of European descent, and we show that CX3CL1 rescues serum starvation-induced cell death in CX3CR1-WT/WT and CX3CR1-WT/M280 but not in CX3CR1-M280/M280 monocytes. CX3CL1-induced survival of CX3CR1-WT/WT monocytes is mediated via AKT and ERK activation, which are both impaired in CX3CR1-M280/M280 monocytes, associated with decreased blood monocyte counts in CX3CR1-M280/M280 donors at steady state. Instead, CX3CR1-M280/M280 does not affect monocyte CX3CR1 surface expression or innate immune effector functions. Together, we show that homozygocity of the M280 polymorphism in CX3CR1 is a potentially novel population-based genetic factor that influences human monocyte signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Collar
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) , and
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) , and
| | - Morgan O’Hayre
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Md Sanaullah Sajib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin W. Hoffman
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Satya P. Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology (LMI), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ahmad Mourad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melissa D. Johnson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elise M.N. Ferre
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) , and
| | - Joshua M. Farber
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology (LMI), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean K. Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Constantinos M. Mikelis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) , and
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32
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33
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Müller I, Pappritz K, Savvatis K, Puhl K, Dong F, El-Shafeey M, Hamdani N, Hamann I, Noutsias M, Infante-Duarte C, Linke WA, Van Linthout S, Tschöpe C. CX3CR1 knockout aggravates Coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182643. [PMID: 28800592 PMCID: PMC5553786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on inflammatory disorders elucidated the pivotal role of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis with respect to the pathophysiology and diseases progression. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis is associated with severe cardiac inflammation, which may progress to heart failure. We therefore investigated the influence of CX3CR1 ablation in the model of acute myocarditis, which was induced by inoculation with 5x105 plaque forming units of CVB3 (Nancy strain) in either CX3CR1-/- or C57BL6/j (WT) mice. Seven days after infection, myocardial inflammation, remodeling, and titin expression and phosphorylation were examined by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Pro-Q diamond stain. Cardiac function was assessed by tip catheter. Compared to WT CVB3 mice, CX3CR1-/- CVB3 mice exhibited enhanced left ventricular expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which was associated with an increase of immune cell infiltration/presence. This shift towards a pro-inflammatory immune response further resulted in increased cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which was reflected by an impaired cardiac function in CX3CR1-/- CVB3 compared to WT CVB3 mice. These findings demonstrate a cardioprotective role of CX3CR1 in CVB3-infected mice and indicate the relevance of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 system in CVB3-induced myocarditis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Chemokine CX3CL1/genetics
- Chemokine CX3CL1/immunology
- Coxsackievirus Infections/genetics
- Coxsackievirus Infections/immunology
- Coxsackievirus Infections/pathology
- Coxsackievirus Infections/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterovirus B, Human/growth & development
- Enterovirus B, Human/pathogenicity
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Function Tests
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocarditis/genetics
- Myocarditis/immunology
- Myocarditis/pathology
- Myocarditis/virology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/immunology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinases/genetics
- Protein Kinases/immunology
- Receptors, Chemokine/deficiency
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Müller
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathleen Pappritz
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Savvatis
- Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Puhl
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fengquan Dong
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Muhammad El-Shafeey
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Isabell Hamann
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michel Noutsias
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A. Linke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
- Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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34
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Amsellem V, Abid S, Poupel L, Parpaleix A, Rodero M, Gary-Bobo G, Latiri M, Dubois-Rande JL, Lipskaia L, Combadiere C, Adnot S. Roles for the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and CCL2/CCR2 Chemokine Systems in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:597-608. [PMID: 28125278 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0201oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages are major effectors of lung inflammation associated with various forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Interactions between the CCL2/CCR2 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 chemokine systems that guide phagocyte infiltration are incompletely understood. Our objective was to explore the individual and combined actions of CCL2/CCR2 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in hypoxia-induced PH in mice; particularly their roles in monocyte trafficking, macrophage polarization, and pulmonary vascular remodeling. The development of hypoxia-induced PH was associated with marked increases in lung levels of CX3CR1, CCR2, and their respective ligands, CX3CL1 and CCL2. Flow cytometry revealed that both inflammatory Ly6Chi and resident Ly6Clo monocyte subsets exhibited sustained increases in blood and a transient peak in lung tissue, and that lung perivascular and alveolar macrophage counts showed sustained elevations. CX3CR1-/- mice were protected against hypoxic PH compared with wild-type mice, whereas CCL2-/- mice and double CX3CR1-/-/CCL2-/- mice exhibited similar PH severity, as did wild-type mice. The protective effects of CX3CR1 deficiency occurred concomitantly with increases in lung monocyte and macrophage counts and with a change from M2 to M1 macrophage polarization that markedly diminished the ability of conditioned media to induce pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PA-SMC) proliferation, which was partly dependent on CX3CL1 secretion. Results in mice given the CX3CR1 inhibitor F1 were similar to those in CX3CR1-/- mice. In conclusion, CX3CR1 deficiency protects against hypoxia-induced PH by modulating monocyte recruitment, macrophage polarization, and PA-SMC cell proliferation. Targeting CX3CR1 may hold promise for treating PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Amsellem
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départements Hospitalo Universitaires Ageing Thorax-Vessels-Blood, 94010, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, France; and Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 06, Inserm, UMRS1135, CNRS, Equipes de Recherche Labellisées 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Shariq Abid
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départements Hospitalo Universitaires Ageing Thorax-Vessels-Blood, 94010, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, France; and Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 06, Inserm, UMRS1135, CNRS, Equipes de Recherche Labellisées 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Poupel
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départements Hospitalo Universitaires Ageing Thorax-Vessels-Blood, 94010, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, France; and Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 06, Inserm, UMRS1135, CNRS, Equipes de Recherche Labellisées 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Parpaleix
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départements Hospitalo Universitaires Ageing Thorax-Vessels-Blood, 94010, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, France; and Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 06, Inserm, UMRS1135, CNRS, Equipes de Recherche Labellisées 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Rodero
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départements Hospitalo Universitaires Ageing Thorax-Vessels-Blood, 94010, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, France; and Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 06, Inserm, UMRS1135, CNRS, Equipes de Recherche Labellisées 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Gary-Bobo
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départements Hospitalo Universitaires Ageing Thorax-Vessels-Blood, 94010, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, France; and Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 06, Inserm, UMRS1135, CNRS, Equipes de Recherche Labellisées 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Latiri
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départements Hospitalo Universitaires Ageing Thorax-Vessels-Blood, 94010, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, France; and Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 06, Inserm, UMRS1135, CNRS, Equipes de Recherche Labellisées 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Rande
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départements Hospitalo Universitaires Ageing Thorax-Vessels-Blood, 94010, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, France; and Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 06, Inserm, UMRS1135, CNRS, Equipes de Recherche Labellisées 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Larissa Lipskaia
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départements Hospitalo Universitaires Ageing Thorax-Vessels-Blood, 94010, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, France; and Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 06, Inserm, UMRS1135, CNRS, Equipes de Recherche Labellisées 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Combadiere
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départements Hospitalo Universitaires Ageing Thorax-Vessels-Blood, 94010, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, France; and Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 06, Inserm, UMRS1135, CNRS, Equipes de Recherche Labellisées 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départements Hospitalo Universitaires Ageing Thorax-Vessels-Blood, 94010, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, France; and Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 06, Inserm, UMRS1135, CNRS, Equipes de Recherche Labellisées 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
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Patel VK, Williams H, Li SCH, Fletcher JP, Medbury HJ. Monocyte inflammatory profile is specific for individuals and associated with altered blood lipid levels. Atherosclerosis 2017; 263:15-23. [PMID: 28570862 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherogenesis is dependent upon monocyte influx into the vessel wall. In humans, three monocyte subsets exist, the number and function of which are significantly altered in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether such alterations arise in individuals with a perturbed lipid profile remains largely unanswered, but is important to delineate, as adoption of a pro-inflammatory state may promote plaque formation. Here, we compared the inflammatory status of monocyte subsets and determined whether monocyte inflammatory changes are evident in individuals with a perturbed lipid profile. METHODS Monocyte subset cytokine production, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory marker expression were determined by whole blood flow cytometry and related to participants' lipid levels. RESULTS The intermediate and non-classical monocytes were more inflammatory than classicals as seen by their higher cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and M1 marker (CD86) expression, but lower levels of M2 markers (CD93, CD163). More importantly, a considerable variation was seen between participants, with all monocytes of one individual being more inflammatory than those of another. Many inter-individual differences were related to participants' lipid levels. IL-1β production correlated negatively with Apo A1 and HDL-C. CD86 and TLR2 correlated positively with Chol:HDL-C but negatively with HDL-C and Apo A1:Apo B. Interestingly, CD163 expression correlated positively with Chol:HDL-C but negatively with Apo A1:Apo B. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicates that priming of all monocytes to an inflammatory state occurs in individuals with a perturbed lipid profile, overriding the normal functional distinction attributed to the different monocyte subsets. As such, all monocytes may be important in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyoma K Patel
- Westmead Hospital, Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Research Centre, Westmead, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Western Clinical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Williams
- Westmead Hospital, Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Research Centre, Westmead, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Western Clinical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen C H Li
- The University of Sydney, Western Clinical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - John P Fletcher
- Westmead Hospital, Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Research Centre, Westmead, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Western Clinical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Heather J Medbury
- Westmead Hospital, Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Research Centre, Westmead, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Western Clinical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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36
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Kyaw T, Tipping P, Toh BH, Bobik A. Killer cells in atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:67-75. [PMID: 28483458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes (killer cells) play a critical role in host defence mechanisms, protecting against infections and in tumour surveillance. They can also exert detrimental effects in chronic inflammatory disorders and in autoimmune diseases. Tissue cell death and necrosis are prominent features of advanced atherosclerotic lesions including vulnerable/unstable lesions which are largely responsible for most heart attacks and strokes. Evidence for accumulation of killer cells in both human and mouse lesions together with their cytotoxic potential strongly suggest that these cells contribute to cell death and necrosis in lesions leading to vulnerable plaque development and potentially plaque rupture. Killer cells can be divided into two groups, adaptive and innate immune cells depending on whether they require antigen presentation for activation. Activated killer cells detect damaged or stressed cells and kill by cytotoxic mechanisms that include perforin, granzymes, TRAIL or FasL and in some cases TNF-α. In this review, we examine current knowledge on killer cells in atherosclerosis, including CD8 T cells, CD28- CD4 T cells, natural killer cells and γδ-T cells, mechanisms responsible for their activation, their migration to developing lesions and effector functions. We also discuss pharmacological strategies to prevent their deleterious vascular effects by preventing/limiting their cytotoxic effects within atherosclerotic lesions as well as potential immunomodulatory therapies that might better target lesion-resident killer cells, to minimise any compromise of the immune system, which could result in increased susceptibility to infections and reductions in tumour surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Peter Tipping
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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37
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Shear Stress Counteracts Endothelial CX3CL1 Induction and Monocytic Cell Adhesion. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1515389. [PMID: 28522896 PMCID: PMC5385254 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1515389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow conditions critically regulate endothelial cell functions in the vasculature. Reduced shear stress resulting from disturbed blood flow can drive the development of vascular inflammatory lesions. On endothelial cells, the transmembrane chemokine CX3CL1/fractalkine promotes vascular inflammation by functioning as a surface-expressed adhesion molecule and by becoming released as soluble chemoattractant for monocytic cells expressing the receptor CX3CR1. Here, we report that endothelial cells from human artery, vein, or microvasculature constitutively express CX3CL1 when cultured under static conditions. Stimulation with TNFα under static or very low shear stress conditions strongly upregulates CX3CL1 expression. By contrast, CX3CL1 induction is profoundly reduced when cells are exposed to higher shear stress. When endothelial cells were grown and subsequently stimulated with TNFα under low shear stress, strong adhesion of monocytic THP-1 cells to endothelial cells was observed. This adhesion was in part mediated by transmembrane CX3CL1 as demonstrated with a neutralizing antibody. By contrast, no CX3CL1-dependent adhesion to stimulated endothelium was observed at high shear stress. Thus, during early stages of vascular inflammation, low shear stress typically seen at atherosclerosis-prone regions promotes the induction of endothelial CX3CL1 and monocytic cell recruitment, whereas physiological shear stress counteracts this inflammatory activation of endothelial cells.
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Rowinska Z, Koeppel TA, Sanati M, Schelzig H, Jankowski J, Weber C, Zernecke A, Liehn EA. Role of the CX3C chemokine receptor CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis after aortic transplantation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170644. [PMID: 28234900 PMCID: PMC5325192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CX3C chemokine receptor CX3CR1 is expressed on monocytes as well as tissue resident cells, such as smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Its role in atherosclerotic tissue remodeling of the aorta after transplantation has not been investigated. METHODS We here have orthotopically transplanted infrarenal Cx3cr1-/-Apoe-/- and Cx3cr1+/+Apoe-/- aortic segments into Apoe-/-mice, as well as Apoe-/- aortic segments into Cx3cr1-/-Apoe-/- mice. The intimal plaque size and cellular plaque composition of the transplanted aortic segment were analyzed after four weeks of atherogenic diet. RESULTS Transplantation of Cx3cr-/-Apoe-/- aortic segments into Apoe-/- mice resulted in reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation compared to plaque size in Apoe-/- or Cx3cr1-/-Apoe-/- mice after transplantation of Apoe-/- aortas. This reduction in lesion formation was associated with reduced numbers of lesional SMCs but not macrophages within the transplanted Cx3cr-/- Apoe-/- aortic segment. No differences in frequencies of proliferating and apoptotic cells could be observed. CONCLUSION These results indicate that CX3CR1 on resident vessel wall cells plays a key role in atherosclerotic plaque formation in transplanted aortic grafts. Targeting of vascular CX3CL1/CX3CR1 may therefore be explored as a therapeutic option in vascular transplantation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Rowinska
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Interdisciplinary Vein Center, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr- University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Koeppel
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hospital Asklepios St. Georg Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maryam Sanati
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hubert Schelzig
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Institut for Prevention and Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elisa A. Liehn
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
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39
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Horiuchi M, Smith L, Maezawa I, Jin LW. CX 3CR1 ablation ameliorates motor and respiratory dysfunctions and improves survival of a Rett syndrome mouse model. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 60:106-116. [PMID: 26883520 PMCID: PMC5531048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding MeCP2, an epigenetic modulator that binds the methyl CpG dinucleotide in target genes to regulate transcription. Previously we and others reported a role of microglia in the pathophysiology of RTT. Because microglia in the Mecp2 knockout (Mecp2KO) mouse model of RTT over-produce neurotoxic mediators glutamate and reactive oxygen species, we hypothesize that blocking neuron-microglia interaction by ablation of CX3CR1, a chemokine receptor expressed in microglia/myeloid cells mediating such interaction by pairing with its neuronal ligand CX3CL1, would ameliorate the RTT-like phenotype in Mecp2KO mice. Here we report that CX3CR1 ablation prolonged the lifespan of Mecp2KO mice from a median survival of 54.5-74days, and significantly improved the body weight gain, symptomatic scores, major respiratory parameters, and motor coordination and performance. CX3CR1 ablation rectified previously identified histological abnormalities in the Mecp2KO brain such as neuronal soma size in hippocampal CA2, and the number, soma size, and process complexity of microglia. Moreover, CX3CR1 ablation enhanced the neurotrophic action of microglia in Mecp2KO mice by producing higher amount of insulin-like growth factor 1. Our data support a role of myeloid cells/microglia in RTT and suggest a novel therapeutic approach for RTT by targeting CX3CR1 with specific antagonists or genetic downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Horiuchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2805 50th Street, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Lucas Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2805 50th Street, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Izumi Maezawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2805 50th Street, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States,M.I.N.D. (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, 2805 50th Street, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2805 50th Street, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States; M.I.N.D. (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, 2805 50th Street, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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40
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CX3CR1-dependent endothelial margination modulates Ly6C high monocyte systemic deployment upon inflammation in mice. Blood 2016; 129:1296-1307. [PMID: 28011675 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-732164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two subsets of blood monocytes are commonly described in mice and humans: the classical inflammatory monocytes, which are rapidly mobilized upon inflammation in a CC-chemokine receptor 2-dependent manner, and the nonclassical blood resident monocyte subset that patrols the intraluminal side of the endothelium. Old reports suggest that blood monocytes are distributed into circulating and marginating pools, but no direct evidence of the latter has been obtained so far. Using a combination of in vivo real-time imaging and blood/tissue partitioning by intravascular staining of leukocytes, we showed that both inflammatory and resident monocytes are retained in the bone marrow vasculature, representing an important reservoir of marginated monocytes. Upon lipopolysaccharide or cecal ligation and puncture-induced peritonitis, these marginated cells are rapidly released and recruited to the peritoneum membrane lumen vasculature where they reside through CX3C-chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1)-dependent adherence. At a later time point, inflammatory monocytes infiltrate the spleen parenchyma but remain mainly intravascular in the vicinity of the lungs and the peritoneum. Our results show that this monocyte deployment is controlled by a CX3CR1-dependent balance between marginating and circulating monocytes and highlight that tissue infiltration is not a mandatory fate for inflammatory monocytes.
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41
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Kraehling JR, Chidlow JH, Rajagopal C, Sugiyama MG, Fowler JW, Lee MY, Zhang X, Ramírez CM, Park EJ, Tao B, Chen K, Kuruvilla L, Larriveé B, Folta-Stogniew E, Ola R, Rotllan N, Zhou W, Nagle MW, Herz J, Williams KJ, Eichmann A, Lee WL, Fernández-Hernando C, Sessa WC. Genome-wide RNAi screen reveals ALK1 mediates LDL uptake and transcytosis in endothelial cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13516. [PMID: 27869117 PMCID: PMC5121336 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and animals lacking functional LDL receptor (LDLR), LDL from plasma still readily traverses the endothelium. To identify the pathways of LDL uptake, a genome-wide RNAi screen was performed in endothelial cells and cross-referenced with GWAS-data sets. Here we show that the activin-like kinase 1 (ALK1) mediates LDL uptake into endothelial cells. ALK1 binds LDL with lower affinity than LDLR and saturates only at hypercholesterolemic concentrations. ALK1 mediates uptake of LDL into endothelial cells via an unusual endocytic pathway that diverts the ligand from lysosomal degradation and promotes LDL transcytosis. The endothelium-specific genetic ablation of Alk1 in Ldlr-KO animals leads to less LDL uptake into the aortic endothelium, showing its physiological role in endothelial lipoprotein metabolism. In summary, identification of pathways mediating LDLR-independent uptake of LDL may provide unique opportunities to block the initiation of LDL accumulation in the vessel wall or augment hepatic LDLR-dependent clearance of LDL. Atherosclerosis is caused by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) buildup in the vessel wall, a process thought to be mediated by LDL receptor alone. Here, the authors show that the endothelium can uptake LDL via ALK1, a TGFβ signalling receptor, suggesting new therapies for blocking LDL accumulation in the vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R Kraehling
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - John H Chidlow
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Chitra Rajagopal
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Michael G Sugiyama
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Joseph W Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Monica Y Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Cristina M Ramírez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Eon Joo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Keyang Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
| | - Leena Kuruvilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Bruno Larriveé
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Ewa Folta-Stogniew
- W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Roxana Ola
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Wenping Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Michael W Nagle
- Human Genetics &Computational Biomedicine, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Neuroscience, Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Kevin Jon Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg 41345, Sweden
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Warren L Lee
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.,Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - William C Sessa
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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The Effect of Wenxin Keli on the mRNA Expression Profile of Rabbits with Myocardial Infarction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2352614. [PMID: 27843475 PMCID: PMC5098077 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2352614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims. The molecular mechanisms of Chinese traditional medicine Wenxin Keli (WXKL) were unknown. This study was aimed at exploring the effects of WXKL on the gene expression profile and pathological alteration of rabbits with myocardial infarction. Methods. Twenty male adult rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham, model, WXKL, and captopril groups. Model, WXKL, and captopril groups underwent the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery while sham group went through an identical procedure without ligation. WXKL (817 mg/kg/d), captopril (8 mg/kg/d), and distilled water (to model and sham groups) were administered orally to each group. After 4 weeks, the rabbits were examined with echocardiography and the hearts were taken for expression chip and pathological staining (H&E, Masson, and Tunel) studies. Results. The data revealed that WXKL downregulated genes associated with inflammation (CX3CR1, MRC1, and FPR1), apoptosis (CTSC and TTC5), and neurohumoral system (ACE and EDN1) and upregulated angiogenesis promoting genes such as RSPO3. Moreover, the results also showed that WXKL improved cardiac function and prevented histopathological injury and apoptosis. Conclusion. The present study demonstrated that WXKL might play an important role in inhibiting inflammation, renin-angiotensin system, and apoptosis. It might be a promising Chinese medicine in the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction.
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43
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Chong SZ, Evrard M, Devi S, Chen J, Lim JY, See P, Zhang Y, Adrover JM, Lee B, Tan L, Li JLY, Liong KH, Phua C, Balachander A, Boey A, Liebl D, Tan SM, Chan JKY, Balabanian K, Harris JE, Bianchini M, Weber C, Duchene J, Lum J, Poidinger M, Chen Q, Rénia L, Wang CI, Larbi A, Randolph GJ, Weninger W, Looney MR, Krummel MF, Biswas SK, Ginhoux F, Hidalgo A, Bachelerie F, Ng LG. CXCR4 identifies transitional bone marrow premonocytes that replenish the mature monocyte pool for peripheral responses. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2293-2314. [PMID: 27811056 PMCID: PMC5068243 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that Ly6Chi monocytes develop from common monocyte progenitors (cMoPs) and reside in the bone marrow (BM) until they are mobilized into the circulation. In our study, we found that BM Ly6Chi monocytes are not a homogenous population, as current data would suggest. Using computational analysis approaches to interpret multidimensional datasets, we demonstrate that BM Ly6Chi monocytes consist of two distinct subpopulations (CXCR4hi and CXCR4lo subpopulations) in both mice and humans. Transcriptome studies and in vivo assays revealed functional differences between the two subpopulations. Notably, the CXCR4hi subset proliferates and is immobilized in the BM for the replenishment of functionally mature CXCR4lo monocytes. We propose that the CXCR4hi subset represents a transitional premonocyte population, and that this sequential step of maturation from cMoPs serves to maintain a stable pool of BM monocytes. Additionally, reduced CXCR4 expression on monocytes, upon their exit into the circulation, does not reflect its diminished role in monocyte biology. Specifically, CXCR4 regulates monocyte peripheral cellular activities by governing their circadian oscillations and pulmonary margination, which contributes toward lung injury and sepsis mortality. Together, our study demonstrates the multifaceted role of CXCR4 in defining BM monocyte heterogeneity and in regulating their function in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhen Chong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Maximilien Evrard
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Sapna Devi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Jyue Yuan Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Peter See
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Yiru Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138673 Singapore
| | - José M Adrover
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Leonard Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Jackson L Y Li
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Ka Hang Liong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Cindy Phua
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Akhila Balachander
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Adrian Boey
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB)-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) Electron Microscopy Suite, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138671 Singapore
| | - David Liebl
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB)-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) Electron Microscopy Suite, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138671 Singapore
| | - Suet Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Karl Balabanian
- INSERM UMR-S996, Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Université Paris-Sud, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - John E Harris
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Mariaelvy Bianchini
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Johan Duchene
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Michael Poidinger
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138673 Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | | | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Centenary Institute for Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newton, New South Wales 2042, Australia
| | - Mark R Looney
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Matthew F Krummel
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Subhra K Biswas
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- INSERM UMR-S996, Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Université Paris-Sud, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore .,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
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44
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Cytokines: roles in atherosclerosis disease progression and potential therapeutic targets. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1317-30. [PMID: 27357616 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the walls of medium and large arteries. CVD is currently responsible for about one in three global deaths and this is expected to rise in the future due to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Current therapies for atherosclerosis mainly modulate lipid homeostasis and while successful at reducing the risk of a CVD-related death, they are associated with considerable residual risk and various side effects. There is, therefore, a need for alternative therapies aimed at regulating inflammation in order to reduce atherogenesis. This review will highlight the key role cytokines play during disease progression as well as potential therapeutic strategies to target them.
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45
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Dong L, Nordlohne J, Ge S, Hertel B, Melk A, Rong S, Haller H, von Vietinghoff S. T Cell CX3CR1 Mediates Excess Atherosclerotic Inflammation in Renal Impairment. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:1753-64. [PMID: 26449606 PMCID: PMC4884117 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced kidney function increases the risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular death. Leukocytes in the arterial wall contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation. We investigated the role of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 in atherosclerotic inflammation in renal impairment. Apoe(-/-) (apolipoprotein E) CX3CR1(-/-) mice with renal impairment were protected from increased aortic atherosclerotic lesion size and macrophage accumulation. Deficiency of CX3CR1 in bone marrow, only, attenuated atherosclerosis in renal impairment in an independent atherosclerosis model of LDL receptor-deficient (LDLr(-/-)) mice as well. Analysis of inflammatory leukocytes in atherosclerotic mixed bone-marrow chimeric mice (50% wild-type/50% CX3CR1(-/-) bone marrow into LDLr(-/-) mice) showed that CX3CR1 cell intrinsically promoted aortic T cell accumulation much more than CD11b(+)CD11c(+) myeloid cell accumulation and increased IL-17-producing T cell counts. In vitro, fewer TH17 cells were obtained from CX3CR1(-/-) splenocytes than from wild-type splenocytes after polarization with IL-6, IL-23, and TGFβ Polarization of TH17 or TREG cells, or stimulation of splenocytes with TGFβ alone, increased T cell CX3CR1 reporter gene expression. Furthermore, TGFβ induced CX3CR1 mRNA expression in wild-type cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In atherosclerotic LDLr(-/-) mice, CX3CR1(+/-) T cells upregulated CX3CR1 and IL-17A production in renal impairment, whereas CX3CR1(-/-) T cells did not. Transfer of CX3CR1(+/-) but not Il17a(-/-) T cells into LDLr(-/-)CX3CR1(-/-) mice increased aortic lesion size and aortic CD11b(+)CD11c(+) myeloid cell accumulation in renal impairment. In summary, T cell CX3CR1 expression can be induced by TGFβ and is instrumental in enhanced atherosclerosis in renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; and
| | - Johannes Nordlohne
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shuwang Ge
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; and
| | - Barbara Hertel
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anette Melk
- Division of Pediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Song Rong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Nakashiro S, Matoba T, Umezu R, Koga JI, Tokutome M, Katsuki S, Nakano K, Sunagawa K, Egashira K. Pioglitazone-Incorporated Nanoparticles Prevent Plaque Destabilization and Rupture by Regulating Monocyte/Macrophage Differentiation in
ApoE
−/−
Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:491-500. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.307057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Inflammatory monocytes/macrophages produce various proteinases, including matrix metalloproteinases, and degradation of the extracellular matrix by these activated proteinases weakens the mechanical strength of atherosclerotic plaques, which results in a rupture of the plaque. Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ induces a polarity shift of monocytes/macrophages toward less inflammatory phenotypes and has the potential to prevent atherosclerotic plaque ruptures. Therefore, we hypothesized that nanoparticle-mediated targeted delivery of the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone into circulating monocytes could effectively inhibit plaque ruptures in a mouse model.
Approach and Results—
We prepared bioabsorbable poly(lactic-
co
-glycolic-acid) nanoparticles containing pioglitazone (pioglitazone-NPs). Intravenously administered poly(lactic-
co
-glycolic-acid) nanoparticles incorporated with fluorescein isothiocyanate were found in circulating monocytes and aortic macrophages by flow cytometric analysis. Weekly intravenous administration of pioglitazone-NPs (7 mg/kg per week) for 4 weeks decreased buried fibrous caps, a surrogate marker of plaque rupture, in the brachiocephalic arteries of
ApoE
−/−
mice fed a high-fat diet and infused with angiotensin II. In contrast, administration of control-NPs or an equivalent dose of oral pioglitazone treatment produced no effects. Pioglitazone-NPs inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinases and cathepsins in the brachiocephalic arteries. Pioglitazone-NPs regulated inflammatory cytokine expression and also suppressed the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer in bone marrow–derived macrophages.
Conclusions—
Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of pioglitazone inhibited macrophage activation and atherosclerotic plaque ruptures in hyperlipidemic
ApoE
−/−
mice. These results demonstrate a promising strategy with a favorable safety profile to prevent atherosclerotic plaque ruptures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Nakashiro
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.N., T.M., R.U., J.K., M.T., S.K., K.S.) and Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matoba
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.N., T.M., R.U., J.K., M.T., S.K., K.S.) and Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuta Umezu
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.N., T.M., R.U., J.K., M.T., S.K., K.S.) and Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Koga
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.N., T.M., R.U., J.K., M.T., S.K., K.S.) and Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Tokutome
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.N., T.M., R.U., J.K., M.T., S.K., K.S.) and Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Katsuki
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.N., T.M., R.U., J.K., M.T., S.K., K.S.) and Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaku Nakano
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.N., T.M., R.U., J.K., M.T., S.K., K.S.) and Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sunagawa
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.N., T.M., R.U., J.K., M.T., S.K., K.S.) and Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Egashira
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.N., T.M., R.U., J.K., M.T., S.K., K.S.) and Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P C van der Vorst
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.P.C.v.d.V., Y.D., C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (Y.D., C.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.)
| | - Yvonne Döring
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.P.C.v.d.V., Y.D., C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (Y.D., C.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.P.C.v.d.V., Y.D., C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (Y.D., C.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.).
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Dorgham K, Cerini F, Gaertner H, Melotti A, Rossitto-Borlat I, Gorochov G, Hartley O. Generating Chemokine Analogs with Enhanced Pharmacological Properties Using Phage Display. Methods Enzymol 2016; 570:47-72. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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50
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AZD8797 is an allosteric non-competitive modulator of the human CX3CR1 receptor. Biochem J 2015; 473:641-9. [PMID: 26656484 PMCID: PMC4764977 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present paper shows the non-competitive mechanism by which AZD8797 blocks fractalkine from binding and activating the CX3CR1 receptor. CX3CR1 is involved in many diseases but, lacking non-peptide ligands, it is poorly investigated. Our work can therefore facilitate drug development. The chemokine receptor CX3CR1 has been implicated as an attractive therapeutic target in several diseases, including atherosclerosis and diabetes. However, there has been a lack of non-peptide CX3CR1 inhibitors to substantiate these findings. A selective small-molecule inhibitor of CX3CR1, AZD8797, was recently reported and we present here an in-depth in vitro characterization of that molecule. In a flow adhesion assay, AZD8797 antagonized the natural ligand, fractalkine (CX3CL1), in both human whole blood (hWB) and in a B-lymphocyte cell line with IC50 values of 300 and 6 nM respectively. AZD8797 also prevented G-protein activation in a [35S]GTPγS (guanosine 5′-[γ-thio]triphosphate) accumulation assay. In contrast, dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) experiments revealed a weak Gαi-dependent AZD8797 agonism. Additionally, AZD8797 positively modulated the CX3CL1 response at sub-micromolar concentrations in a β-arrestin recruitment assay. In equilibrium saturation binding experiments, AZD8797 reduced the maximal binding of 125I-CX3CL1 without affecting Kd. Kinetic experiments, determining the kon and koff of AZD8797, demonstrated that this was not an artefact of irreversible or insurmountable binding, thus a true non-competitive mechanism. Finally we show that both AZD8797 and GTPγS increase the rate with which CX3CL1 dissociates from CX3CR1 in a similar manner, indicating a connection between AZD8797 and the CX3CR1-bound G-protein. Collectively, these data show that AZD8797 is a non-competitive allosteric modulator of CX3CL1, binding CX3CR1 and effecting G-protein signalling and β-arrestin recruitment in a biased way.
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