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Wu NQ, Li ZF, Lu MY, Li JJ. Monoclonal antibodies for dyslipidemia in adults: a focus on vulnerable patients groups. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38375817 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2321374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dyslipidemia significantly contributes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Patients with lipid-rich vulnerable plaques are particularly susceptible to cardiovascular complications. Despite available lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs), challenges in effective lipid management remain. AREAS COVERED This article reviews monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy in dyslipidemia, particularly focusing on vulnerable plaques and patients. We have reviewed the definitions of vulnerable plaques and patients, outlined the efficacy of traditional LLTs, and discussed in-depth the mAbs targeting PCSK9. We extensively discuss the potential mechanisms, intracoronary imaging, and clinical evidence of PCSK9mAbs in vulnerable plaques and patients. A brief overview of promising mAbs targeting other targets such as ANGPTL3 is also provided. EXPERT OPINION Research consistently supports the potential of mAb therapies in treating adult dyslipidemia, particularly in vulnerable patients. PCSK9mAbs are effective in regulating lipid parameters, such as LDL-C and Lp(a), and exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties. These antibodies also maintain endothelial and smooth muscle health, contributing to the stabilization of vulnerable plaques and reduction in adverse cardiovascular events. Future research aims to further understand PCSK9 and other targets like ANGPTL3, focusing on vulnerable groups. Overall, mAbs are emerging as a promising and superior approach in dyslipidemia management and cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Qiong Wu
- Cardiometabolic Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Li
- Cardiometabolic Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Ying Lu
- Cardiometabolic Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Cardiometabolic Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Agnello F, Mauro MS, Rochira C, Landolina D, Finocchiaro S, Greco A, Ammirabile N, Raffo C, Mazzone PM, Spagnolo M, Occhipinti G, Imbesi A, Giacoppo D, Capodanno D. PCSK9 inhibitors: current status and emerging frontiers in lipid control. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2024; 22:41-58. [PMID: 37996219 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2023.2288169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a leading cause of global mortality, imposing substantial healthcare economic burdens. Among the modifiable risk factors, hypercholesterolemia, especially elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), plays a pivotal role in ASCVD development. Novel therapies such as PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9) inhibitors are emerging to address this concern. These inhibitors offer the potential to reduce ASCVD risk by directly targeting LDL-C levels. AREAS COVERED The article reviews the structural and functional aspects of PCSK9, highlighting its role in LDL receptor regulation. The pharmacological strategies for PCSK9 inhibition, including monoclonal antibodies, binding peptides, gene silencing, and active immunization, are explored. Clinical evidence from various trials underscores the safety and efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors in reducing LDL-C levels and potentially improving cardiovascular outcomes. Despite these promising results, challenges such as cost-effectiveness and long-term safety considerations are addressed. EXPERT OPINION Among PCSK9 inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies represent a cornerstone. Many trials have showed their efficacy in reducing LDL-C and the risk for major adverse clinical events, revealing long-lasting effects, with special benefits particularly for statin-intolerant and familial hypercholesterolemia patients. However, long-term impacts, high costs, and patient selection necessitate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Agnello
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Sara Mauro
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Rochira
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Landolina
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simone Finocchiaro
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicola Ammirabile
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Raffo
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Placido Maria Mazzone
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Spagnolo
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Occhipinti
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Imbesi
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Giacoppo
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Capodanno
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Bellino M, Galasso G, Silverio A, Tedeschi M, Formisano C, Romei S, Esposito L, Cancro FP, Vassallo MG, Accarino G, Verdoia M, Di Muro FM, Vecchione C, De Luca G. Soluble PCSK9 Inhibition: Indications, Clinical Impact, New Molecular Insights and Practical Approach-Where Do We Stand? J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082922. [PMID: 37109259 PMCID: PMC10146045 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research on cardiovascular prevention predominantly focuses on risk-stratification and management of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) to optimize their prognosis. Several basic, translational and clinical research efforts aim to determine the etiological mechanisms underlying CAD pathogenesis and to identify lifestyle-dependent metabolic risk factors or genetic and epigenetic parameters responsible for CAD occurrence and/or progression. A log-linear association between the absolute exposure of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and the risk of atherosclerotic cardio-vascular disease (ASCVD) was well documented over the year. LDL-C was identified as the principal enemy to fight against, and soluble proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) was attributed the role of a powerful regulator of blood LDL-C levels. The two currently available antibodies (alirocumab and evolocumab) against PCSK9 are fully human engineered IgG that bind to soluble PCSK9 and avoid its interaction with the LDLR. As documented by modern and dedicated "game-changer" trials, antibodies against soluble PCSK9 reduce LDL-C levels by at least 60 percent when used alone and up to 85 percent when used in combination with high-intensity statins and/or other hypolipidemic therapies, including ezetimibe. Their clinical indications are well established, but new areas of use are advocated. Several clues suggest that regulation of PCSK9 represents a cornerstone of cardiovascular prevention, partly because of some pleiotropic effects attributed to these newly developed drugs. New mechanisms of PCSK9 regulation are being explored, and further efforts need to be put in place to reach patients with these new therapies. The aim of this manuscript is to perform a narrative review of the literature on soluble PCSK9 inhibitor drugs, with a focus on their indications and clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bellino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Gennaro Galasso
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Angelo Silverio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Michele Tedeschi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Ciro Formisano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Stefano Romei
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Luca Esposito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cancro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Vassallo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giulio Accarino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Monica Verdoia
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Degli Infermi, ASL Biella, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Di Muro
- Structural Interventional Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinica Medica, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Division of Cardiology, AOU "Policlinico G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, IRCCS Hospital Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, 20161 Milan, Italy
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Agirbasli M, Korkmaz R, Isman FK. Association of Low Levels of Soluble Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 and COVID-19 Outcomes During the First Wave of Pandemic. Cureus 2023; 15:e37254. [PMID: 37168200 PMCID: PMC10166571 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytosis receptor that clears inflammatory proteins from circulation. LRP1 has anti-inflammatory effects that bind pro-inflammatory cytokines or ligands. LRP1 has a soluble form (sLRP1) which can be measured in serum. We report sLRP1 levels in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The first objective of this study is to compare the sLRP1 levels between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. The second objective is to examine the association between sLRP1 and the clinical outcome of COVID-19. All patients (20-80 years of age) were evaluated in a hospital using a positive PCR test for SARS‑CoV‑2 between April 1, 2020, and June 1, 2020. Controls (n=59) were selected from healthy subjects. sLRP1 levels were measured in patients from the emergency department (ED), inpatient service (IS), and the intensive care unit (ICU). The study included 180 cases. COVID-19 patients showed significantly lower sLRP1 levels compared to controls (1.43 (1.86) versus 2.27 (1.68) μg/mL, respectively, p<0.001). sLRP1 levels were 1.26 (1.81), 1.37 (1.65), and 1.74 (1.98) μg/mL in patients from ED, IS, and ICU, respectively (p=0.022). Patients who were admitted from ED displayed lower sLRP1 levels compared to those who were discharged (median sLRP1 levels were 0.86 versus 1.7 μg/mL, p=0.045). COVID-19 patients display significantly lower sLRP1 levels compared to the healthy controls. sLRP1 levels do not show any association with the clinical outcome of COVID-19. This study demonstrates that LRP1 displays a bidirectional course in COVID-19. A low sLRP1 level is a potential risk factor for susceptibility and hospital admission due to COVID-19. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed to understand the long-term effects of novel biomarkers such as sLRP1 on the outcome of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Agirbasli
- Department of Cardiology, İstanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Rabia Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Ferruh K Isman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
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Harder JW, Ma J, Alard P, Sokoloski KJ, Mathiowitz E, Furtado S, Egilmez NK, Kosiewicz MM. Male microbiota-associated metabolite restores macrophage efferocytosis in female lupus-prone mice via activation of PPARγ/LXR signaling pathways. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:41-57. [PMID: 36822162 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus development is influenced by both sex and the gut microbiota. Metabolite production is a major mechanism by which the gut microbiota influences the immune system, and we have previously found differences in the fecal metabolomic profiles of lupus-prone female and lupus-resistant male BWF1 mice. Here we determine how sex and microbiota metabolite production may interact to affect lupus. Transcriptomic analysis of female and male splenocytes showed genes that promote phagocytosis were upregulated in BWF1 male mice. Because patients with systemic lupus erythematosus exhibit defects in macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), we compared splenic macrophage efferocytosis in vitro between female and male BWF1 mice. Macrophage efferocytosis was deficient in female compared to male BWF1 mice but could be restored by feeding male microbiota. Further transcriptomic analysis of the genes upregulated in male BWF1 mice revealed enrichment of genes stimulated by PPARγ and LXR signaling. Our previous fecal metabolomics analyses identified metabolites in male BWF1 mice that can activate PPARγ and LXR signaling and identified one in particular, phytanic acid, that is a very potent agonist. We show here that treatment of female BWF1 splenic macrophages with phytanic acid restores efferocytic activity via activation of the PPARγ and LXR signaling pathways. Furthermore, we found phytanic acid may restore female BWF1 macrophage efferocytosis through upregulation of the proefferocytic gene CD36. Taken together, our data indicate that metabolites produced by BWF1 male microbiota can enhance macrophage efferocytosis and, through this mechanism, could potentially influence lupus progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Harder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock St, Rm 609, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock St, Rm 609, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Pascale Alard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock St, Rm 609, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kevin J Sokoloski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock St, Rm 609, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Edith Mathiowitz
- Department of Medical Science and Engineering, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Stacia Furtado
- Department of Medical Science and Engineering, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Nejat K Egilmez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock St, Rm 609, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Michele M Kosiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock St, Rm 609, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Deng Y, Tu Y, Yang X, Liao X, Xia Z, Liao W. Anti-atherosclerosis effect of nobiletin via PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Karpouzas GA, Papotti B, Ormseth S, Palumbo M, Hernandez E, Adorni MP, Zimetti F, Budoff M, Ronda N. Serum cholesterol loading capacity on macrophages is linked to coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular event risk in rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2022; 8:rmdopen-2022-002411. [PMID: 36113961 PMCID: PMC9486392 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cholesterol loading capacity (CLC) describes the ability of serum to deliver cholesterol to cells. It is linked to foam cell formation, a pivotal step in atherosclerotic plaque development. We evaluate the associations of CLC with coronary atherosclerosis presence, burden and cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Coronary atherosclerosis (any, high-risk low-attenuation plaque and obstructive plaque) was evaluated with CT angiography in 141 patients. Participants were prospectively followed for 6.0±2.4 years and cardiovascular events including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, claudication, revascularisation and hospitalised heart failure were recorded. CLC was quantified as intracellular cholesterol in human macrophages after incubation with patient serum. Results CLC was not linked to overall plaque presence or burden after adjustments for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) score, statin use and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, CLC associated with presence and numbers of any, low-attenuation and obstructive plaques exclusively in biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD) non-users (p for interaction ≤0.018). CLC associated with cardiovascular event risk overall after adjustments for ASCVD and number of segments with plaque (HR=1.76 (95% CI 1.16 to 2.67) per 1 SD increase in CLC, p=0.008). Additionally, bDMARD use modified the impact of CLC on event risk; CLC associated with events in bDMARD non-users (HR=2.52 (95% CI 1.36 to 4.65) per 1SD increase in CLC, p=0.003) but not users. Conclusion CLC was linked to long-term cardiovascular event risk in RA and associated with high-risk low attenuation and obstructive coronary plaque presence and burden in bDMARD non-users. Its prospective validation as a predictive biomarker may be, therefore, warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Athanasios Karpouzas
- Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California, USA .,Department of Rheumatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Bianca Papotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sarah Ormseth
- Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Francesca Zimetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Internal Medicine, Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Nicoletta Ronda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
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Sunarti S, Rubi DS, Pramana AAC, Huriyati E, Santoso U. The Benefits of High-Resistant Starch and Beta-Carotene Snack in Ameliorating Atherogenic Index and Inflammation in Obesity. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In obesity, lipid abnormalities may be related to the higher risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with increased oxidation of lipids and inflammation. Resistant starch and beta-carotene reduce atherosclerosis risk related to low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of a snack containing high-resistant starch and beta-carotene in improving the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and inflammation in obesity.
METHODS: This study used a single-blinded and randomized controlled design. Fifty subjects received 42 g of snacks per day for 6 weeks, either tested snacks or standard snacks. Anthropometry, body composition, lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were measured before and after intervention.
RESULTS: The snack containing high-resistant starch and beta-carotene significantly decreased LDL, AIP, and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between AIP and triglycerides in both snacks (p < 0.05), LDL or TNF-α in the standard snack (p < 0.05), and TNF-α and ox-LDL in both snacks (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between AIP and HDL in both snacks (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: A snack containing high-resistant starch and beta-carotene reduced AIP and inflammation by preventing LDL oxidation.
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Jarr KU, Kojima Y, Weissman IL, Leeper NJ. 2021 Jeffrey M. Hoeg Award Lecture: Defining the Role of Efferocytosis in Cardiovascular Disease: A Focus on the CD47 (Cluster of Differentiation 47) Axis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e145-e154. [PMID: 35387480 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A key feature of atherogenesis is the accumulation of diseased and dying cells within the lesional necrotic core. While the burden of intraplaque apoptotic cells may be driven in part by an increase in programmed cell death, mounting evidence suggests that their presence may primarily be dictated by a defect in programmed cell removal, or efferocytosis. In this brief review, we will summarize the evidence suggesting that inflammation-dependent changes within the plaque render target cells inedible and reduce the appetite of lesional phagocytes. We will present the genetic causation studies, which indicate these phenomena promote lesion expansion and plaque vulnerability, and the interventional data which suggest that these processes can be reversed. Particular emphasis is provided related to the antiphagocytic CD47 (cluster of differentiation 47) do not eat me axis, which has emerged as a novel antiatherosclerotic translational target that is predicted to provide benefit independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Uwe Jarr
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (K.-U.J., Y.K., N.J.L.)
| | - Yoko Kojima
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (K.-U.J., Y.K., N.J.L.)
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (I.L.W.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (K.-U.J., Y.K., N.J.L.).,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (N.J.L.), Stanford University, CA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (N.J.L.)
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Assessment of TNF-α expression in unstable atherosclerotic plaques, serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:1589-1596. [PMID: 35614271 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of inflammatory cytokines is well researched in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but not in the presence of both conditions. This study aimed to compare TNF-α expression, serum TNF-α, IL-6, and hs-CRP in ACS patients with RA (n = 46) with ACS patients without RA (n = 49) and healthy controls (n = 50). TNF-α expression was assessed from coronary artery samples, taken during coronary artery bypass surgery. Serum levels TNF-α, IL-6, and hs-CRP were measured 24 and 48 h after cardiac surgery. Stronger TNF-α expression was observed in the ACS patients with RA versus the ACS patients without RA, p = 0.001. Serum TNF-α, IL-6, and hs-CRP at the 24th h were significantly elevated in both patient groups and distinguished them from the healthy controls with accuracy ranging from 80 to 99%. At the 48th h, serum TNF-α and IL-6 in the ACS group without RA decreased to those of the healthy controls but remained high in the group with RA. ACS cases with RA could be correctly identified from the levels of IL-6 (AUC = 0.885, 95% CI 0.791 to 0.938) and TNF-α (AUC = 0.852, 95%CI 0.720 to 0.922). Our results suggest that the presence of RA in ACS cases is likely to provoke stronger TNF-α expression on atherosclerotic plaques, aggravate the pro-inflammatory response, and sustain it even after the cardiac stress is lowered. In ACS cases with RA, long-term monitoring and control of TNF-α and IL-6 levels can be a useful preventive strategy.
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11
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Evans BR, Yerly A, van der Vorst EPC, Baumgartner I, Bernhard SM, Schindewolf M, Döring Y. Inflammatory Mediators in Atherosclerotic Vascular Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:868934. [PMID: 35600479 PMCID: PMC9114307 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.868934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease remains the most common cause of ischemia, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Vascular function is determined by structural and functional properties of the arterial vessel wall, which consists of three layers, namely the adventitia, media, and intima. Key cells in shaping the vascular wall architecture and warranting proper vessel function are vascular smooth muscle cells in the arterial media and endothelial cells lining the intima. Pathological alterations of this vessel wall architecture called vascular remodeling can lead to insufficient vascular function and subsequent ischemia and organ damage. One major pathomechanism driving this detrimental vascular remodeling is atherosclerosis, which is initiated by endothelial dysfunction allowing the accumulation of intimal lipids and leukocytes. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and modified lipids further drive vascular remodeling ultimately leading to thrombus formation and/or vessel occlusion which can cause major cardiovascular events. Although it is clear that vascular wall remodeling is an elementary mechanism of atherosclerotic vascular disease, the diverse underlying pathomechanisms and its consequences are still insufficiently understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce R. Evans
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Yerly
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Iris Baumgartner
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Maike Bernhard
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schindewolf
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Yvonne Döring
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12
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Extracellular HSP90α Induces MyD88-IRAK Complex-Associated IKKα/β-NF-κB/IRF3 and JAK2/TYK2-STAT-3 Signaling in Macrophages for Tumor-Promoting M2-Polarization. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020229. [PMID: 35053345 PMCID: PMC8774043 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
M2-polarization and the tumoricidal to tumor-promoting transition are commonly observed with tumor-infiltrating macrophages after interplay with cancer cells or/and other stroma cells. Our previous study indicated that macrophage M2-polarization can be induced by extracellular HSP90α (eHSP90α) secreted from endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts. To extend the finding, we herein validated that eHSP90α-induced M2-polarized macrophages exhibited a tumor-promoting activity and the promoted tumor tissues had significant increases in microvascular density but decreases in CD4+ T-cell level. We further investigated the signaling pathways occurring in eHSP90α-stimulated macrophages. When macrophages were exposed to eHSP90α, CD91 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) functioned as the receptor/co-receptor for eHSP90α binding to recruit interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and next elicited a canonical CD91/MyD88-IRAK1/4-IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β)-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling pathway. Despite TLR4-MyD88 complex-associated activations of IKKα/β, NF-κB and IRF3 being well-known as involved in macrophage M1-activation, our results demonstrated that the CD91-TLR4-MyD88 complex-associated IRAK1/4-IKKα/β-NF-κB/IRF3 pathway was not only directly involved in M2-associated CD163, CD204, and IL-10 gene expressions but also required for downregulation of M1 inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) were recruited onto MyD88 to induce the phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3). The JAK2/TYK2-STAT-3 signaling is known to associate with tumor promotion. In this study, the MyD88-JAK2/TYK2-STAT-3 pathway was demonstrated to contribute to eHSP90α-induced macrophage M2-polarization by regulating the expressions of M1- and M2-related genes, proangiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor, and phagocytosis-interfering factor Sec22b.
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13
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Mueller PA, Kojima Y, Huynh KT, Maldonado RA, Ye J, Tavori H, Pamir N, Leeper NJ, Fazio S. Macrophage LRP1 (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1) Is Required for the Effect of CD47 Blockade on Efferocytosis and Atherogenesis-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e1-e9. [PMID: 34758632 PMCID: PMC8702482 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antibody blockade of the "do not eat me" signal CD47 (cluster of differentiation 47) enhances efferocytosis and reduces lesion size and necrotic core formation in murine atherosclerosis. TNF (Tumor necrosis factor)-α expression directly enhances CD47 expression, and elevated TNF-α is observed in the absence of the proefferocytosis receptor LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1), a regulator of atherogenesis and inflammation. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that CD47 blockade requires the presence of macrophage LRP1 to enhance efferocytosis, temper TNF-α-dependent inflammation, and limit atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: Mice lacking systemic apoE (apoE-/-), alone or in combination with the loss of macrophage LRP1 (double knockout), were fed a Western-type diet for 12 weeks while receiving anti-CD47 antibody (anti-CD47) or IgG every other day. In apoE-/- mice, treatment with anti-CD47 reduced lesion size by 25.4%, decreased necrotic core area by 34.5%, and decreased the ratio of free:macrophage-associated apoptotic bodies by 47.6% compared with IgG controls (P<0.05), confirming previous reports. Double knockout mice treated with anti-CD47 showed no differences in lesion size, necrotic core area, or the ratio of free:macrophage-associated apoptotic bodies compared with IgG controls. In vitro efferocytosis was 30% higher when apoE-/- phagocytes were incubated with anti-CD47 compared with IgG controls (P<0.05); however, anti-CD47 had no effect on efferocytosis in double knockout phagocytes. Analyses of mRNA and protein showed increased CD47 expression in anti-inflammatory IL (interleukin)-4 treated LRP1-/- macrophages compared with wild type, but no differences were observed in inflammatory lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The proefferocytosis receptor LRP1 in macrophages is necessary for anti-CD47 blockade to enhance efferocytosis, limit atherogenesis, and decrease necrotic core formation in the apoE-/- model of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Mueller
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Yoko Kojima
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Katherine T. Huynh
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Richard A. Maldonado
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jianqin Ye
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Hagai Tavori
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Nathalie Pamir
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Nicholas J. Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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14
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of acute cardiovascular events, and vascular calcification is an important pathological phenomenon in atherosclerosis. Recently, many studies have shown that immune cells are closely associated with the development of atherosclerosis and calcification, but there are many conflicting viewpoints because of immune system complications, such as the pro-atherosclerotic and atheroprotective effects of regulatory B cells (Bregs), T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells. In this review, we summarize the studies on the roles of immune cells, especially lymphocytes and macrophages, in atherosclerotic calcification. Furthermore, we prepared graphs showing the relationship between T cells, B cells and macrophages and atherosclerotic calcification. Finally, we highlight some potential issues that are closely associated with the function of immune cells in atherosclerotic calcification. Based on current research results, this review summarizes the relationship between immune cells and atherosclerotic calcification, and it will be beneficial to understand the relationship of immune cells and atherosclerotic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Cao
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, 574417The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 574417The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, 574417The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, 574417The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 574417The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, 574417The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
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15
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Chen J, Su Y, Pi S, Hu B, Mao L. The Dual Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:682389. [PMID: 34124208 PMCID: PMC8192809 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein-1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling receptor belonging to the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene family and that is widely expressed in several tissues. LRP1 comprises a large extracellular domain (ECD; 515 kDa, α chain) and a small intracellular domain (ICD; 85 kDa, β chain). The deletion of LRP1 leads to embryonic lethality in mice, revealing a crucial but yet undefined role in embryogenesis and development. LRP1 has been postulated to participate in numerous diverse physiological and pathological processes ranging from plasma lipoprotein homeostasis, atherosclerosis, tumor evolution, and fibrinolysis to neuronal regeneration and survival. Many studies using cultured cells and in vivo animal models have revealed the important roles of LRP1 in vascular remodeling, foam cell biology, inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, its role in atherosclerosis remains controversial. LRP1 not only participates in the removal of atherogenic lipoproteins and proatherogenic ligands in the liver but also mediates the uptake of aggregated LDL to promote the formation of macrophage- and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-derived foam cells, which causes a prothrombotic transformation of the vascular wall. The dual and opposing roles of LRP1 may also represent an interesting target for atherosclerosis therapeutics. This review highlights the influence of LRP1 during atherosclerosis development, focusing on its dual role in vascular cells and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shulan Pi
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Karpouzas GA, Bui VL, Ronda N, Hollan I, Ormseth SR. Biologics and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: a review of evidence and mechanistic insights. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:355-374. [PMID: 33673792 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1899809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is a leading comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis. Timely introduction of biologic therapies in a treat-to-target approach has optimized disease-related outcomes and attenuated accrual of comorbidities, including cardiovascular risk.Areas covered: A literature search in MEDLINE (via PubMed) was performed between January 2009 and November 2020. This manuscript explores recent developments in atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in RA compared with non-RA individuals; it synopsizes differences in vascular function and inflammation, prevalence, burden, vulnerability, and progression of atherosclerotic plaque and their underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Finally, it reviews the recent literature on cardioprotective benefits of biologics and draws mechanistic links with inhibition of new plaque formation, stabilization of high-risk lesions and improvement in endothelial function, arterial stiffness, lipid metabolism, and traditional cardiac risk factors.Expert opinion: Increasing evidence points to a solid cardioprotective influence of earlier, longer, and ongoing use of biologic treatments in RA. Nevertheless, the precise mechanistic effects of plaque progression and remodeling, vascular stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism, and traditional cardiac risk factors are less rigorously characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Karpouzas
- Division of Rheumatology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Viet L Bui
- Division of Rheumatology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Nicoletta Ronda
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ivana Hollan
- The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway.,Beitostølen Sport and Health Centre, Beitostølen, Norway
| | - Sarah R Ormseth
- Division of Rheumatology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
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17
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Karpouzas GA, Ormseth SR, Hernandez E, Budoff MJ. Biologics May Prevent Cardiovascular Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Inhibiting Coronary Plaque Formation and Stabilizing High‐Risk Lesions. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1467-1475. [DOI: 10.1002/art.41293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George A. Karpouzas
- Harbor‐UCLA Medical Center and Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation Torrance California
| | - Sarah R. Ormseth
- Harbor‐UCLA Medical Center and Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation Torrance California
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Harbor‐UCLA Medical Center and Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation Torrance California
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Harbor‐UCLA Medical Center and Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation Torrance California
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18
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Yi S, Karabin NB, Zhu J, Bobbala S, Lyu H, Li S, Liu Y, Frey M, Vincent M, Scott EA. An Injectable Hydrogel Platform for Sustained Delivery of Anti-inflammatory Nanocarriers and Induction of Regulatory T Cells in Atherosclerosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:542. [PMID: 32582667 PMCID: PMC7289959 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic unresolved vascular inflammation is a critical factor in the development of atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular immunotherapy has therefore become a recent focus for treatment, with the objective to develop approaches that can suppress excessive inflammatory responses by modulating specific immune cell populations. A benefit of such immunomodulatory strategies is that low dosage stimulation of key immune cell populations, like antigen presenting cells, can subsequently propagate strong proliferation and therapeutic responses from effector cells. We have previously demonstrated that intravenous injections of anti-inflammatory nanocarriers provided atheroprotection that was mediated by regulatory T cells (Tregs) upregulated in lymphoid organs and atherosclerotic lesions. Here, we demonstrate an injectable filamentous hydrogel depot (FM-depot) engineered for low dosage, sustained delivery of anti-inflammatory nanocarriers. The bioactive form of vitamin D (aVD; 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3), which inhibits pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB via the intracellular nuclear hormone receptor vitamin D receptor (VDR), was stably loaded into poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS) filomicelles. These aVD-loaded filaments underwent morphological transitions to release monodisperse drug-loaded micelles upon oxidation. This cylinder-to-micelle transition was characterized in vitro by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (CryoTEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Following crosslinking with multi-arm PEG for in situ gelation, aVD-loaded FM-depots maintained high levels of Foxp3+ Tregs in both lymphoid organs and atherosclerotic lesions for weeks following a single subcutaneous injection into ApoE-/- mice. FM-depots therefore present a customizable delivery platform to both develop and test nanomedicine-based approaches for anti-inflammatory cardiovascular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Nicholas B Karabin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Huijue Lyu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Sophia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Yugang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Molly Frey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Michael Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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19
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García-Martínez P, Collado-Díaz V, Mateu-Puchades A, Villarroel-Vicente C, Rovira-Llopis S, Blas-García A, Álvarez Á, Esplugues JV, Andújar I. Differential Effects of Biologics on Psoriasis-Related Vascular Inflammation and Risk of Thrombosis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2294-2298.e6. [PMID: 32311396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Collado-Díaz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ana Blas-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO-Fundación Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; CIBER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Andújar
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO-Fundación Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Fan CS, Chen LL, Hsu TA, Chen CC, Chua KV, Li CP, Huang TS. Endothelial-mesenchymal transition harnesses HSP90α-secreting M2-macrophages to exacerbate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:138. [PMID: 31847880 PMCID: PMC6918594 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) can provide a source of cancer-associated fibroblasts which contribute to desmoplasia of many malignancies including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We investigated the clinical relevance of EndoMT in PDAC, and explored its underlying mechanism and therapeutic implication. Methods Expression levels of 29 long non-coding RNAs were analyzed from the cells undergoing EndoMT, and an EndoMT index was proposed to survey its clinical associations in the PDAC patients of The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The observed clinical correlation was further confirmed by a mouse model inoculated with EndoMT cells-involved PDAC cell grafts. In vitro co-culture with EndoMT cells or treatment with the conditioned medium were performed to explore the underlying mechanism. Because secreted HSP90α was involved, anti-HSP90α antibody was evaluated for its inhibitory efficacy against the EndoMT-involved PDAC tumor. Results A combination of low expressions of LOC340340, LOC101927256, and MNX1-AS1 was used as an EndoMT index. The clinical PDAC tissues with positive EndoMT index were significantly correlated with T4-staging and showed positive for M2-macrophage index. Our mouse model and in vitro cell-culture experiments revealed that HSP90α secreted by EndoMT cells could induce macrophage M2-polarization and more HSP90α secretion to promote PDAC tumor growth. Furthermore, anti-HSP90α antibody showed a potent therapeutic efficacy against the EndoMT and M2-macrophages-involved PDAC tumor growth. Conclusions EndoMT cells can secrete HSP90α to harness HSP90α-overproducing M2-type macrophages to promote PDAC tumor growth, and such effect can be targeted and abolished by anti-HSP90α antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shuan Fan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Township, 350, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Li-Li Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Township, 350, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-An Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Township, 350, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Township, 350, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Kee Voon Chua
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Township, 350, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pin Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Sing Huang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Township, 350, Miaoli, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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21
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Yi S, Zhang X, Sangji H, Liu Y, Allen SD, Xiao B, Bobbala S, Braverman CL, Cai L, Hecker PI, DeBerge M, Thorp EB, Temel RE, Stupp SI, Scott EA. Surface engineered polymersomes for enhanced modulation of dendritic cells during cardiovascular immunotherapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2019; 29:1904399. [PMID: 34335131 PMCID: PMC8320590 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201904399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The principle cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by immunologically complex fatty lesions within the intima of arterial vessel walls. Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of atherosclerotic inflammation, with mature DCs generating pro-inflammatory signals within vascular lesions and tolerogenic DCs eliciting atheroprotective cytokine profiles and regulatory T cell (Treg) activation. Here, we engineered the surface chemistry and morphology of synthetic nanocarriers composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) copolymers to selectively target and modulate DCs by transporting the anti-inflammatory agent 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (aVD) and ApoB-100 derived antigenic peptide P210. Polymersomes decorated with an optimized surface display and density for a lipid construct of the P-D2 peptide, which binds CD11c on the DC surface, significantly enhanced the cytosolic delivery and resulting immunomodulatory capacity of aVD in vitro. Intravenous administration of the optimized polymersomes achieved selective targeting of DCs in atheroma and spleen compared to all other cell populations, including both immune and CD45- cells, and locally increased the presence of tolerogenic DCs and cytokines. aVD-loaded polymersomes significantly inhibited atherosclerotic lesion development in high fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice following 8 weeks of administration. Incorporation of the P210 peptide generated the largest reductions in vascular lesion area (~33%, p<0.001), macrophage content (~55%, p<0.001), and vascular stiffness (4.8-fold). These results correlated with an ~6.5-fold increase in levels of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells within atherosclerotic lesions. Our results validate the key role of DC immunomodulation during aVD-dependent inhibition of atherosclerosis and demonstrate the therapeutic enhancement and dosage lowering capability of cell-targeted nanotherapy in the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, IL 60208
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
| | - Hussain Sangji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, IL 60208
| | - Yugang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
| | - Sean D. Allen
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, IL 60208
| | - Baixue Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
| | | | - Lei Cai
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
| | - Peter I. Hecker
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mathew DeBerge
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, USA
| | - Edward B. Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ryan E. Temel
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, USA
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, IL 60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, USA
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22
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Lu HS, Schmidt AM, Hegele RA, Mackman N, Rader DJ, Weber C, Daugherty A. Reporting Sex and Sex Differences in Preclinical Studies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:e171-e184. [PMID: 30354222 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong S Lu
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (A.M.S.)
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.A.H.)
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.,Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Christian Weber
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (C.W.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
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23
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Del Pinto R, Grassi D, Properzi G, Desideri G, Ferri C. Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol as a Causal Role for Atherosclerotic Disease: Potential Role of PCSK9 Inhibitors. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2019; 26:199-207. [PMID: 31236902 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-019-00323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)-related discoveries of the turn of the century have translated into substantial novelty in dyslipidemia treatment in the last 5 years. With chronic preventable atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) representing an epidemic of morbidity and mortality worldwide, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) reduction represents a public health priority. By overcoming two major statin-related issues, namely intolerance and ineffectiveness, PCSK9 inhibitors have offered a safe and effective option in selected clinical settings where LDL-c reduction is required. Herein, we recapitulate recent findings, clinical applications, and ASCVD prevention potential of PCSK9 inhibition, with focus on anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies, evolocumab and alirocumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Davide Grassi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuliana Properzi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, L'Aquila, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Mallat
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.
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Potere N, Del Buono MG, Mauro AG, Abbate A, Toldo S. Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 in Cardiac Inflammation and Infarct Healing. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:51. [PMID: 31080804 PMCID: PMC6497734 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) leads to myocardial cell death and ensuing sterile inflammatory response, which represents an attempt to clear cellular debris and promote cardiac repair. However, an overwhelming, unopposed or unresolved inflammatory response following AMI leads to further injury, worse remodeling and heart failure (HF). Additional therapies are therefore warranted to blunt the inflammatory response associated with ischemia and reperfusion and prevent long-term adverse events. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a ubiquitous endocytic cell surface receptor with the ability to recognize a wide range of structurally and functionally diverse ligands. LRP1 transduces multiple intracellular signal pathways regulating the inflammatory reaction, tissue remodeling and cell survival after organ injury. In preclinical studies, activation of LRP1-mediated signaling in the heart with non-selective and selective LRP1 agonists is linked with a powerful cardioprotective effect, reducing infarct size and cardiac dysfunction after AMI. The data from early phase clinical studies with plasma-derived α1-antitrypsin (AAT), an endogenous LRP1 agonist, and SP16 peptide, a synthetic LRP1 agonist, support the translational value of LRP1 as a novel therapeutic target in AMI. In this review, we will summarize the cellular and molecular bases of LRP1 functions in modulating the inflammatory reaction and the reparative process after injury in various peripheral tissues, and discuss recent evidences implicating LRP1 in myocardial inflammation and infarct healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Potere
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Marco Giuseppe Del Buono
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gabriele Mauro
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stefano Toldo
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Zucker MM, Wujak L, Gungl A, Didiasova M, Kosanovic D, Petrovic A, Klepetko W, Schermuly RT, Kwapiszewska G, Schaefer L, Wygrecka M. LRP1 promotes synthetic phenotype of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in pulmonary hypertension. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1604-1616. [PMID: 30910704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by a thickening of the distal pulmonary arteries caused by medial hypertrophy, intimal proliferation and vascular fibrosis. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) maintains vascular homeostasis by mediating endocytosis of numerous ligands and by initiating and regulating signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate the increased levels of LRP1 protein in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients, hypoxia-exposed mice, and monocrotaline-treated rats. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB upregulated LRP1 expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC). This effect was reversed by the PDGF-BB neutralizing antibody or the PDGF receptor antagonist. Depletion of LRP1 decreased proliferation of donor and IPAH PASMC in a β1-integrin-dependent manner. Furthermore, LRP1 silencing attenuated the expression of fibronectin and collagen I and increased the levels of α-smooth muscle actin and myocardin in donor, but not in IPAH, PASMC. In addition, smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific LRP1 knockout augmented α-SMA expression in pulmonary vessels and reduced SMC proliferation in 3D ex vivo murine lung tissue cultures. In conclusion, our results indicate that LRP1 promotes the dedifferentiation of PASMC from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype thus suggesting its contribution to vascular remodeling in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius M Zucker
- Department of Biochemistry, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lukasz Wujak
- Department of Biochemistry, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna Gungl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Miroslava Didiasova
- Department of Biochemistry, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandar Petrovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Goethe University, School of Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.
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Zhu L, Luu T, Emfinger CH, Parks BA, Shi J, Trefts E, Zeng F, Kuklenyik Z, Harris RC, Wasserman DH, Fazio S, Stafford JM. CETP Inhibition Improves HDL Function but Leads to Fatty Liver and Insulin Resistance in CETP-Expressing Transgenic Mice on a High-Fat Diet. Diabetes 2018; 67:2494-2506. [PMID: 30213825 PMCID: PMC6245220 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In clinical trials, inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) raises HDL cholesterol levels but does not robustly improve cardiovascular outcomes. Approximately two-thirds of trial participants are obese. Lower plasma CETP activity is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in human studies, and protective aspects of CETP have been observed in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with regard to metabolic outcomes. To define whether CETP inhibition has different effects depending on the presence of obesity, we performed short-term anacetrapib treatment in chow- and HFD-fed CETP transgenic mice. Anacetrapib raised HDL cholesterol and improved aspects of HDL functionality, including reverse cholesterol transport, and HDL's antioxidative capacity in HFD-fed mice was better than in chow-fed mice. Anacetrapib worsened the anti-inflammatory capacity of HDL in HFD-fed mice. The HDL proteome was markedly different with anacetrapib treatment in HFD- versus chow-fed mice. Despite benefits on HDL, anacetrapib led to liver triglyceride accumulation and insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice. Overall, our results support a physiologic importance of CETP in protecting from fatty liver and demonstrate context selectivity of CETP inhibition that might be important in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Thao Luu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Christopher H Emfinger
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Bryan A Parks
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeanne Shi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Trinity College of Art and Science, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Elijah Trefts
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Fenghua Zeng
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Zsuzsanna Kuklenyik
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Sergio Fazio
- The Center for Preventive Cardiology at the Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - John M Stafford
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Au DT, Migliorini M, Strickland DK, Muratoglu SC. Macrophage LRP1 Promotes Diet-Induced Hepatic Inflammation and Metabolic Dysfunction by Modulating Wnt Signaling. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:7902841. [PMID: 30524198 PMCID: PMC6247401 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7902841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic inflammation is associated with the development of insulin resistance, which can perpetuate the disease state and may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Despite recent advances, mechanisms linking hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance are still unclear. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling receptor that is highly expressed in macrophages, adipocytes, hepatocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells. To investigate the potential role of macrophage LRP1 in hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance, we conducted experiments using macrophage-specific LRP1-deficient mice (macLRP1-/- ) generated on a low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-/- ) background and fed a Western diet. LDLR-/-; macLRP1-/- mice gained less body weight and had improved glucose tolerance compared to LDLR-/- mice. Livers from LDLR-/-; macLRP1-/- mice displayed lower levels of gene expression for several inflammatory cytokines, including Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl8, Ccr1, Ccr2, Cxcl9, and Tnf, and reduced phosphorylation of GSK3α and p38 MAPK proteins. Furthermore, LRP1-deficient peritoneal macrophages displayed altered cholesterol metabolism. Finally, circulating levels of sFRP-5, a potent anti-inflammatory adipokine that functions as a decoy receptor for Wnt5a, were elevated in LDLR-/-; macLRP1-/- mice. Surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed that sFRP-5 is a novel high affinity ligand for LRP1, revealing that LRP1 regulates levels of this inhibitor of Wnt5a-mediated signaling. Collectively, our results suggest that LRP1 expression in macrophages promotes hepatic inflammation and the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance by modulating Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianaly T. Au
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary Migliorini
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dudley K. Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Selen C. Muratoglu
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Dron
- From the Department of Biochemistry (J.S.D., J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute (J.S.D., J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Julieta Lazarte
- From the Department of Biochemistry (J.S.D., J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute (J.S.D., J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- From the Department of Biochemistry (J.S.D., J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute (J.S.D., J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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30
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Mueller PA, Zhu L, Tavori H, Huynh K, Giunzioni I, Stafford JM, Linton MF, Fazio S. Deletion of Macrophage Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP1) Accelerates Atherosclerosis Regression and Increases C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 7 (CCR7) Expression in Plaque Macrophages. Circulation 2018; 138:1850-1863. [PMID: 29794082 PMCID: PMC6343494 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.031702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that mice lacking MΦLRP1-/- (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 in macrophages) undergo accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation due to changes in macrophages including increased apoptosis, decreased efferocytosis, and exaggerated transition to the inflammatory M1 phenotype. Here we sought to explore the role of macrophage low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 during regression of atherosclerosis since regressing plaques are characterized by transitioning of macrophages to M2 status as inflammation resolves. METHODS Apolipoprotein E-/- mice on a high-fat diet for 12 weeks were reconstituted with bone marrow from apolipoprotein E-producing wild-type or MΦLRP1-/- mice, and then placed on a chow diet for 10 weeks (n=9 to 11 mice/group). A cohort of apolipoprotein E-/- mice reconstituted with apolipoprotein E-/- bone marrow served as baseline controls (n=9). RESULTS Plaques of both wild-type and MΦLRP1-/- bone marrow recipients regressed compared with controls (11% and 22%, respectively; P<0.05), and plaques of MΦLRP1-/- recipients were 13% smaller than those of wild-type recipients ( P<0.05). Recipients of MΦLRP1-/- marrow had 36% fewer M1 macrophages ( P<0.01) and 2.5-fold more CCR7 (C-C chemokine receptor type 7)-positive macrophages in the plaque relative to wild-type mice ( P<0.01). Additionally, in vivo studies of cellular egress showed a 4.6-fold increase in 5-ethynyl-2´-deoxyuridine-labeled CCR7+ macrophages in mediastinal lymph nodes. Finally, in vivo studies of reverse cholesterol transport showed a 1.4-fold higher reverse cholesterol transport in MΦLRP1-/- recipient mice ( P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Absence of macrophage low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 unexpectedly accelerates atherosclerosis regression, enhances reverse cholesterol transport, and increases expression of the motility receptor CCR7, which drives macrophage egress from lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Mueller
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Lin Zhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Hagai Tavori
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Katherine Huynh
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Ilaria Giunzioni
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - John M. Stafford
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Oberoi R, Vlacil AK, Schuett J, Schösser F, Schuett H, Tietge UJF, Schieffer B, Grote K. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy increases plaque burden in a mouse model of experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2018; 277:80-89. [PMID: 30176568 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is critically fueled by vascular inflammation through oxidized lipids and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Genetic disruption of Tnf-α reduces atherosclerosis in experimental mouse models. However, less is known about the therapeutic potential of Tnf-α blockage by pharmacological inhibitors such as monoclonal antibodies, which are already approved for several inflammatory disorders in patients. Therefore, we investigated the effect of pharmacological TNF-α inhibition on plaque development in experimental atherosclerosis. RESULTS 10 week old male Ldlr-/- mice were divided into 4 groups (n = 7-10) and fed a high fat, high cholesterol diet for 6 and 12 weeks. Simultaneously, the mouse-specific anti-Tnf-α monoclonal antibody CNTO5048 (CNT) or a control IgG was administered. RESULTS CNT reduced circulating inflammatory markers without affecting body weight and glucose metabolism. Unexpectedly, CNT treatment increased plasma triglyceride levels and pro-atherogenic very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol as well as plaque burden in the thoracoabdominal aorta and in the aortic root. In addition, we observed decreased smooth muscle cell content in the lesions and a trend towards reduced collagen deposition upon Tnf-α inhibition. Furthermore, inflammatory gene expression in the aortic arch was increased following Tnf-α inhibitor treatment. CONCLUSIONS Although up to 12-week pharmacological inhibition of TNF-α in Ldlr-/- mice diminishes systemic inflammation, experimental plaque burden and vascular inflammatory gene expression are increased, while markers of plaque stability decrease. These observations may be explained by the development of a pro-atherogenic plasma lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Oberoi
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Jutta Schuett
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schösser
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Schuett
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karsten Grote
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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Tajbakhsh A, Rezaee M, Kovanen PT, Sahebkar A. Efferocytosis in atherosclerotic lesions: Malfunctioning regulatory pathways and control mechanisms. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 188:12-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rosenson RS, Hegele RA, Fazio S, Cannon CP. The Evolving Future of PCSK9 Inhibitors. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:314-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Actis Dato V, Chiabrando GA. The Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Lipid Metabolism, Glucose Homeostasis and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061780. [PMID: 29914093 PMCID: PMC6032055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent disorder which can be used to identify individuals with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This metabolic syndrome is characterized by a combination of physiological, metabolic, and molecular alterations such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and central obesity. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1—A member of the LDL receptor family) is an endocytic and signaling receptor that is expressed in several tissues. It is involved in the clearance of chylomicron remnants from circulation, and has been demonstrated to play a key role in the lipid metabolism at the hepatic level. Recent studies have shown that LRP1 is involved in insulin receptor (IR) trafficking and intracellular signaling activity, which have an impact on the regulation of glucose homeostasis in adipocytes, muscle cells, and brain. In addition, LRP1 has the potential to inhibit or sustain inflammation in macrophages, depending on its cellular expression, as well as the presence of particular types of ligands in the extracellular microenvironment. In this review, we summarize existing perspectives and the latest innovations concerning the role of tissue-specific LRP1 in lipoprotein and glucose metabolism, and examine its ability to mediate inflammatory processes related to MetS and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Actis Dato
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo Alberto Chiabrando
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
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35
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Zhu L, Shi J, Luu TN, Neuman JC, Trefts E, Yu S, Palmisano BT, Wasserman DH, Linton MF, Stafford JM. Hepatocyte estrogen receptor alpha mediates estrogen action to promote reverse cholesterol transport during Western-type diet feeding. Mol Metab 2017; 8:106-116. [PMID: 29331506 PMCID: PMC5985047 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocyte deletion of estrogen receptor alpha (LKO-ERα) worsens fatty liver, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in high-fat diet fed female mice. However, whether or not hepatocyte ERα regulates reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in mice has not yet been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS Using LKO-ERα mice and wild-type (WT) littermates fed a Western-type diet, we found that deletion of hepatocyte ERα impaired in vivo RCT measured by the removal of 3H-cholesterol from macrophages to the liver, and subsequently to feces, in female mice but not in male mice. Deletion of hepatocyte ERα decreased the capacity of isolated HDL to efflux cholesterol from macrophages and reduced the ability of isolated hepatocytes to accept cholesterol from HDL ex vivo in both sexes. However, only in female mice, LKO-ERα increased serum cholesterol levels and increased HDL particle sizes. Deletion of hepatocyte ERα increased adiposity and worsened insulin resistance to a greater degree in female than male mice. All of the changes lead to a 5.6-fold increase in the size of early atherosclerotic lesions in female LKO-ERα mice compared to WT controls. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen signaling through hepatocyte ERα plays an important role in RCT and is protective against lipid retention in the artery wall during early stages of atherosclerosis in female mice fed a Western-type diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, USA; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA
| | - Jeanne Shi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA; Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, USA
| | - Thao N Luu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA
| | | | - Elijah Trefts
- Department of Molecular, Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Sophia Yu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA
| | - Brian T Palmisano
- Department of Molecular, Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular, Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA
| | - John M Stafford
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, USA; Department of Molecular, Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA.
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Yang T, Williams BO. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Proteins in Skeletal Development and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1211-1228. [PMID: 28615463 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) provided a foundation for subsequent studies in lipoprotein metabolism, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and many other fundamental biological functions. The importance of the LDLR led to numerous studies that identified homologous molecules and ultimately resulted in the description of the LDL-receptor superfamily, a group of proteins that contain domains also found in the LDLR. Subsequent studies have revealed that members of the LDLR-related protein family play roles in regulating many aspects of signal transduction. This review is focused on the roles of selected members of this protein family in skeletal development and disease. We present background on the identification of this subgroup of receptors, discuss the phenotypes associated with alterations in their function in human patients and mouse models, and describe the current efforts to therapeutically target these proteins to treat human skeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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Abstract
The necrotic core has long been a hallmark of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. Although apoptotic cells are cleared quickly in almost all other tissue beds, their removal appears to be significantly impaired in the diseased blood vessel. Emerging evidence indicates that this phenomenon is caused by a defect in efferocytosis, the process by which apoptotic tissue is recognized for engulfment by phagocytic cells such as macrophages. Genetic and experimental data suggest that efferocytosis is impaired during atherogenesis caused by dysregulation of so-called eat me ligands, which govern the edibility of cells undergoing programmed cell death. The following is a summary of recent data indicating that efferocytosis is a major unappreciated driver of lesion expansion but also a reversible defect that can potentially be targeted as a means to prevent plaque progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kojima
- From Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery (Y.K., N.J.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (I.L.W.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- From Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery (Y.K., N.J.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (I.L.W.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- From Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery (Y.K., N.J.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (I.L.W.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
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da Costa RM, Neves KB, Mestriner FL, Louzada-Junior P, Bruder-Nascimento T, Tostes RC. TNF-α induces vascular insulin resistance via positive modulation of PTEN and decreased Akt/eNOS/NO signaling in high fat diet-fed mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:119. [PMID: 27562094 PMCID: PMC5000486 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High fat diet (HFD) induces insulin resistance in various tissues, including the vasculature. HFD also increases plasma levels of TNF-α, a cytokine that contributes to insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction. Considering that the enzyme phosphatase and tension homologue (PTEN), whose expression is increased by TNF-α, reduces Akt signaling and, consequently, nitric oxide (NO) production, we hypothesized that PTEN contributes to TNF-α-mediated vascular resistance to insulin induced by HFD. Mechanisms underlying PTEN effects were determined. METHODS Mesenteric vascular beds were isolated from C57Bl/6J and TNF-α KO mice submitted to control or HFD diet for 18 weeks to assess molecular mechanisms by which TNF-α and PTEN contribute to vascular dysfunction. RESULTS Vasodilation in response to insulin was decreased in HFD-fed mice and in ex vivo control arteries incubated with TNF-α. TNF-α receptors deficiency and TNF-α blockade with infliximab abolished the effects of HFD and TNF-α on insulin-induced vasodilation. PTEN vascular expression (total and phosphorylated isoforms) was increased in HFD-fed mice. Treatment with a PTEN inhibitor improved insulin-induced vasodilation in HFD-fed mice. TNF-α receptor deletion restored PTEN expression/activity and Akt/eNOS/NO signaling in HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSION TNF-α induces vascular insulin resistance by mechanisms that involve positive modulation of PTEN and inhibition of Akt/eNOS/NO signaling. Our findings highlight TNF-α and PTEN as potential targets to limit insulin resistance and vascular complications associated with obesity-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Menezes da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Karla Bianca Neves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Leslie Mestriner
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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