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Bamezai S, Zhang Y, Kumari M, Lotfi M, Alsaigh T, Luo L, Kumar GS, Wang F, Ye J, Puri M, Manchanda R, Paluri S, Adkar SS, Kojima Y, Ingelsson A, Bell CF, Lopez NG, Fu C, Choi RB, Miller Z, Barrios L, Walsh S, Ahmad F, Maegdefessel L, Smith BR, Leeper NJ. Pro-efferocytic nanotherapies reduce vascular inflammation without inducing anemia in a large animal model of atherosclerosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8034. [PMID: 39271657 PMCID: PMC11399336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disorder responsible for cardiovascular disease. Reactivation of efferocytosis, the phagocytic removal of cells by macrophages, has emerged as a translational target for atherosclerosis. Systemic blockade of the key 'don't-eat-me' molecule, CD47, triggers the engulfment of apoptotic vascular tissue and potently reduces plaque burden. However, it also induces red blood cell clearance, leading to anemia. To overcome this, we previously developed a macrophage-specific nanotherapy loaded with a chemical inhibitor that promotes efferocytosis. Because it was found to be safe and effective in murine studies, we aimed to advance our nanoparticle into a porcine model of atherosclerosis. Here, we demonstrate that production can be scaled without impairing nanoparticle function. At an early stage of disease, we find our nanotherapy reduces apoptotic cell accumulation and inflammation in the atherosclerotic lesion. Notably, this therapy does not induce anemia, highlighting the translational potential of targeted macrophage checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharika Bamezai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yapei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Manisha Kumari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mozhgan Lotfi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tom Alsaigh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lingfeng Luo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gayatri Suresh Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fudi Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jianqin Ye
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Madhu Puri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Romila Manchanda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sesha Paluri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shaunak S Adkar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yoko Kojima
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alice Ingelsson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin F Bell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas G Lopez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Changhao Fu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan B Choi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zach Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Leo Barrios
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Susan Walsh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ferhaan Ahmad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Zisser L, Binder CJ. Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. J Lipid Atheroscler 2024; 13:232-261. [PMID: 39355407 PMCID: PMC11439751 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2024.13.3.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial intima, characterized by accumulation of lipoproteins and accompanying inflammation, leading to the formation of plaques that eventually trigger occlusive thrombotic events, such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Although many aspects of plaque development have been elucidated, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are lipid bilayer-delimited vesicles released by cells as mediators of intercellular communication, has only recently come into focus of atherosclerosis research. EVs comprise several subtypes that may be differentiated by their size, mode of biogenesis, or surface marker expression and cargo. The functional effects of EVs in atherosclerosis depend on their cellular origin and the specific pathophysiological context. EVs have been suggested to play a role in all stages of plaque formation. In this review, we highlight the known mechanisms by which EVs modulate atherogenesis and outline current limitations and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Zisser
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Mohammadi A, Zareian Baghdadabad L, Zahmatkesh P, Moradi Tabriz H, Khajavi A, Mesbah G, Nikoofar P, Aghamir SMK. Effects of the Surgical Ligation of the Ureter in Different Locations on the Kidney over Time in the Rat Model. Adv Urol 2024; 2024:6611081. [PMID: 38962754 PMCID: PMC11221982 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6611081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effects of the surgical ligation of the ureter in different locations on the kidney over time in the rat model. Methods A total of 155 rats were enrolled and randomly divided into the case (n = 150) and control (n = 5) groups. The case group included three separate groups (fifty rats in each group) that underwent surgical ureteral ligation at the proximal, middle, and distal ureter. The laboratory tests, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), were measured in groups. The pathological evaluation for glomerular changes, tubular dilation, interstitial fibrosis, and interstitial infiltration of the inflammatory cells following the obstruction was performed (severity of tubular atrophy categorized too mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++)). To compare the continuous variables between the groups and between the measurement times, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Results Our results revealed that the creatinine four weeks after the obstruction was significantly higher in the proximal group obstruction (p value: 0.046). The three groups had no significant differences regarding urine creatinine, serum sodium, and serum TNF (p value: 0.261). Obstruction did not change the glomerular morphology in three intervention groups after six weeks. The commencing of severe tubular atrophy in proximal, middle, and distal ureteral obstruction was at weeks three, four, and six, respectively. Conclusion The location of ureteral obstruction is also crucial in deciding to intervene to relieve the complete ureteral obstruction. Severe tubular damage occurs in weeks three, four, and six in proximal, middle, and distal ureteral obstruction, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Mohammadi
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Zahmatkesh
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Moradi Tabriz
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khajavi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Mesbah
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Nikoofar
- Department of Urology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Dunaway LS, Loeb SA, Petrillo S, Tolosano E, Isakson BE. Heme metabolism in nonerythroid cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107132. [PMID: 38432636 PMCID: PMC10988061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-containing prosthetic group necessary for the function of several proteins termed "hemoproteins." Erythrocytes contain most of the body's heme in the form of hemoglobin and contain high concentrations of free heme. In nonerythroid cells, where cytosolic heme concentrations are 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower, heme plays an essential and often overlooked role in a variety of cellular processes. Indeed, hemoproteins are found in almost every subcellular compartment and are integral in cellular operations such as oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and transcriptional regulation. Growing evidence reveals the participation of heme in dynamic processes such as circadian rhythms, NO signaling, and the modulation of enzyme activity. This dynamic view of heme biology uncovers exciting possibilities as to how hemoproteins may participate in a range of physiologic systems. Here, we discuss how heme is regulated at the level of its synthesis, availability, redox state, transport, and degradation and highlight the implications for cellular function and whole organism physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Skylar A Loeb
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Deptartment Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Deptartment Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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5
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Yeudall S, Upchurch CM, Leitinger N. The clinical relevance of heme detoxification by the macrophage heme oxygenase system. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379967. [PMID: 38585264 PMCID: PMC10995405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Heme degradation by the heme oxygenase (HMOX) family of enzymes is critical for maintaining homeostasis and limiting heme-induced tissue damage. Macrophages express HMOX1 and 2 and are critical sites of heme degradation in healthy and diseased states. Here we review the functions of the macrophage heme oxygenase system and its clinical relevance in discrete groups of pathologies where heme has been demonstrated to play a driving role. HMOX1 function in macrophages is essential for limiting oxidative tissue damage in both acute and chronic hemolytic disorders. By degrading pro-inflammatory heme and releasing anti-inflammatory molecules such as carbon monoxide, HMOX1 fine-tunes the acute inflammatory response with consequences for disorders of hyperinflammation such as sepsis. We then discuss divergent beneficial and pathological roles for HMOX1 in disorders such as atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome, where activation of the HMOX system sits at the crossroads of chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, we highlight the emerging role for HMOX1 in regulating macrophage cell death via the iron- and oxidation-dependent form of cell death, ferroptosis. In summary, the importance of heme clearance by macrophages is an active area of investigation with relevance for therapeutic intervention in a diverse array of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Yeudall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Clint M. Upchurch
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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6
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Liu C, Xu X, He X, Ren J, Chi M, Deng G, Li G, Nasser MI. Activation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 signalling axis can alleviate metabolic syndrome in cardiovascular disease. Ann Med 2023; 55:2284890. [PMID: 38039549 PMCID: PMC10836253 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2284890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is widely observed in modern society. CVDs are responsible for the majority of fatalities, with heart attacks and strokes accounting for approximately 80% of these cases. Furthermore, a significant proportion of these deaths, precisely one-third, occurs in individuals under 70. Metabolic syndrome encompasses a range of diseases characterized by various physiological dysfunctions. These include increased inflammation in adipose tissue, enhanced cholesterol synthesis in the liver, impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, compromised vascular tone and integrity, endothelial dysfunction, and atheroma formation. These factors contribute to the development of metabolic disorders and significantly increase the likelihood of experiencing cardiovascular complications.Method: We selected studies that proposed hypotheses regarding metabolic disease syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the role of Nrf2/HO-1 and factor regulation in CVD research investigations based on our searches of Medline and PubMed.Results: A total of 118 articles were included in the review, 16 of which exclusively addressed hypotheses about the role of Nrf2 on Glucose regulation, while 16 involved Cholesterol regulation. Likewise, 14 references were used to prove the importance of mitochondria on Nrf2. Multiple studies have provided evidence suggesting the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 in various physiological processes, including metabolism and immune response. A total of 48 research articles and reviews have been used to highlight the role of metabolic syndrome and CVD.Conclusion: This review provides an overview of the literature on Nrf2/HO-1 and its role in metabolic disease syndrome and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingli Xu
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Ren
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guisen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Rana M, Choubey P, Nandi G, Jain S, Bajaj D, Sharma S, Basu-Modak S. Expression of angiogenic factors in the placenta of heme oxygenase-1 deficient mouse embryo. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100822. [PMID: 37979494 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), the inducible form of heme degrading enzymes Hmoxs, is important for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. A growing body of evidence suggests an association between Hmox1 and angiogenesis, including placental angiogenesis. In this study, we examined the expression of two angiogenic factors in the placentas of Hmox1 deficient mouse embryos, whose expression was found to be related to that of Hmox1. Relative protein levels and localization of Hmoxs and two angiogenic factors [Vegf and Prolactin along with their receptors, and Cd31/Pecam1] were compared in the placentas of Hmox1 wildtype and knockout mouse embryos using western blotting and immunohistochemistry along with histological analysis. The results revealed tissue disorganisation, reduced area of labyrinth and smaller nuclear size of trophoblast giant cell in the placentas of knockout embryos. The levels of Hmox2, prolactin, and Cd31/Pecam1 were found to be altered in knockout placentas, whereas Vegf and its receptors seem to be unaltered in our samples. Overall, our findings imply that Hmox2 is unlikely to compensate for Hmox1 deficiency in knockout placentas, and altered levels of prolactin and Cd31/Pecam1 hint towards impaired angiogenesis in these placentas. Further investigation would be needed to understand the molecular mechanism of defective angiogenesis in the placentas of Hmox1 knockout mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rana
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, India.
| | | | - Gouri Nandi
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Sidhant Jain
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education, India
| | - Divya Bajaj
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Sonika Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, India
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8
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Sarad K, Stefańska M, Kraszewska I, Szade K, Sluimer JC, Błyszczuk P, Dulak J, Jaźwa-Kusior A. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals subtype-specific molecular profiles in Nrf2-deficient macrophages from murine atherosclerotic aortas. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249379. [PMID: 37965327 PMCID: PMC10641521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional regulator of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response in all cell types. It also activates the transcription of genes important for macrophage function. Nrf2 activity declines with age and has been closely linked to atherosclerosis, but its specific role in this vascular pathology is not clear. Atherosclerotic plaques contain several macrophage subsets with distinct, yet not completely understood, functions in the lesion development. The aim of this study was to analyze the transcriptome of diverse Nrf2-deficient macrophage subpopulations from murine atherosclerotic aortas. Mice with transcriptionally inactive Nrf2 in Cdh5-expressing cells (Nrf2 Cdh5tKO) were used in the experiments. These mice lack transcriptional Nrf2 activity in endothelial cells, but also in a proportion of leukocytes. We confirmed that the bone marrow-derived and tissue-resident macrophages isolated from Nrf2 Cdh5tKO mice exhibit a significant decline in Nrf2 activity. Atherosclerosis was induced in Nrf2 Cdh5tKO and appropriate control mice via adeno-associated viral vector (AAV)-mediated overexpression of murine proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) in the liver and high-fat diet feeding. After 21 weeks, live aortic cells were sorted on FACS and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed. Unsupervised clustering singled out 13 distinct aortic cell types. Among macrophages, 9 subclusters were identified. Differential gene expression analysis revealed cell subtype-specific expression patterns. A subset of inflammatory macrophages from atherosclerotic Nrf2 Cdh5tKO mice demonstrated downregulation of DNA replication genes (e.g. Mcm7, Lig1, Pola1) concomitant with upregulation of DNA damage sensor Atr gene. Atherosclerotic Nrf2 Cdh5tKO Lyve1+ resident macrophages showed strong upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes, as well as changes in the expression of death pathways-associated genes (Slc40a1, Bcl2a1). Furthermore, we observed subtype-specific expression of core ferroptosis genes (e.g. Cp, Hells, Slc40a1) in inflammatory versus tissue resident macrophages. This observation suggested a link between ferroptosis and inflammatory microenvironment appearing at a very early stage of atherogenesis. Our findings indicate that Nrf2 deficiency in aortic macrophages leads to subtype-specific transcriptomic changes associated with inflammation, iron homeostasis, cell injury or death pathways. This may help understanding the role of aging-associated decline of Nrf2 activity and the function of specific macrophage subtypes in atherosclerotic lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sarad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Stefańska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Izabela Kraszewska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (UMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Przemysław Błyszczuk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jaźwa-Kusior
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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9
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Pham TT, Le AH, Dang CP, Chong SY, Do DV, Peng B, Jayasinghe MK, Ong HB, Hoang DV, Louise RA, Loh Y, Hou HW, Wang J, Le MTN. Endocytosis of red blood cell extracellular vesicles by macrophages leads to cytoplasmic heme release and prevents foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12354. [PMID: 37553837 PMCID: PMC10410060 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be produced from red blood cells (RBCs) on a large scale and used to deliver therapeutic payloads efficiently. However, not much is known about the native biological properties of RBCEVs. Here, we demonstrate that RBCEVs are primarily taken up by macrophages and monocytes. This uptake is an active process, mediated mainly by endocytosis. Incubation of CD14+ monocytes with RBCEVs induces their differentiation into macrophages with an Mheme-like phenotype, characterized by upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG1. Moreover, macrophages that take up RBCEVs exhibit a reduction in surface CD86 and decreased secretion of TNF-α under inflammatory stimulation. The upregulation of HO-1 is attributed to heme derived from haemoglobin in RBCEVs. Heme is released from internalized RBCEVs in late endosomes and lysosomes via the heme transporter, HRG1. Consequently, RBCEVs exhibit the ability to attenuate foam cell formation from oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL)-treated macrophages in vitro and reduce atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE knockout mice on a high-fat diet. In summary, our study reveals the uptake mechanism of RBCEVs and their delivery of heme to macrophages, suggesting the potential application of RBCEVs in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thach Tuan Pham
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Anh Hong Le
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Cong Phi Dang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Suet Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Dang Vinh Do
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Boya Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Migara Kavishka Jayasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Hong Boon Ong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Dong Van Hoang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Roma Anne Louise
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yuin‐Han Loh
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologySingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Jiong‐Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Minh TN Le
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologySingaporeSingapore
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10
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Rana M, Bajaj D, Choubey P, Jain S, Basu-Modak S. Altered Expression of Heme Oxygenase 2 in Heme Oxygenase 1-deficient Mouse Embryos. J Histochem Cytochem 2023; 71:431-450. [PMID: 37480265 PMCID: PMC10424577 DOI: 10.1369/00221554231189310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenases (Hmoxs) are enzymes that catalyze the first and rate-limiting step in the degradation of heme to carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin. The two main isozymes, namely Hmox1 and Hmox2, are encoded by two different genes. Mutation of the Hmox1 gene in mice is known to cause extensive prenatal lethality, and limited information is available about the expression of Hmox proteins in developing mouse embryos. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to perform a detailed investigation comparing Hmox proteins in Hmox1 wild-type and knockout (KO) mouse embryos collected from wild-type and heterozygous timed-matings. Western analysis for Hmoxs was also done in the organs of late-gestation embryos. The results demonstrated cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of Hmoxs in all the organs examined in wild-type embryos. Interestingly, Hmox2 immunoreactive protein signals were significantly low in most of the organs of mid- and late-gestation Hmox1-KO embryos. Furthermore, relative levels of Hmox2 were revealed to be significantly lower in the lung and kidney of late-gestation Hmox1-KO embryos by western analysis, which complemented the immunohistochemistry findings in these two organs. The current study provides detailed immunoexpression patterns of Hmox proteins in wild-type and Hmox1-KO mouse embryos in mid- and late-gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rana
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Bajaj
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Choubey
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sidhant Jain
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Rewari, Haryana, India
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11
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Hu L, Yu Y, Shen Y, Huang H, Lin D, Wang K, Yu Y, Li K, Cao Y, Wang Q, Sun X, Qiu Z, Wei D, Shen B, Chen J, Fulton D, Ji Y, Wang J, Chen F. Ythdf2 promotes pulmonary hypertension by suppressing Hmox1-dependent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant function in alveolar macrophages. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102638. [PMID: 36801705 PMCID: PMC9975317 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating disease characterized by irreversible pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) that causes right ventricular failure and death. The early alternative activation of macrophages is a critical event in the development of PVR and PH, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Previously we have shown that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications of RNA contribute to phenotypic switching of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and PH. In the current study, we identify Ythdf2, an m6A reader, as an important regulator of pulmonary inflammation and redox regulation in PH. In a mouse model of PH, the protein expression of Ythdf2 was increased in alveolar macrophages (AMs) during the early stages of hypoxia. Mice with a myeloid specific knockout of Ythdf2 (Ythdf2Lyz2 Cre) were protected from PH with attenuated right ventricular hypertrophy and PVR compared to control mice and this was accompanied by decreased macrophage polarization and oxidative stress. In the absence of Ythdf2, heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) mRNA and protein expression were significantly elevated in hypoxic AMs. Mechanistically, Ythdf2 promoted the degradation of Hmox1 mRNA in a m6A dependent manner. Furthermore, an inhibitor of Hmox1 promoted macrophage alternative activation, and reversed the protection from PH seen in Ythdf2Lyz2 Cre mice under hypoxic exposure. Together, our data reveal a novel mechanism linking m6A RNA modification with changes in macrophage phenotype, inflammation and oxidative stress in PH, and identify Hmox1 as a downstream target of Ythdf2, suggesting that Ythdf2 may be a therapeutic target in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueyao Shen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijie Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youjia Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibing Qiu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Wuxi Lung Transplantation Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Wuxi Lung Transplantation Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Roberts JA, Rainbow RD, Sharma P. Mitigation of Cardiovascular Disease and Toxicity through NRF2 Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076723. [PMID: 37047696 PMCID: PMC10094784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular toxicity and diseases are phenomena that have a vastly detrimental impact on morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology driving the development of these conditions is multifactorial but commonly includes the perturbance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling, iron homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (NRF2), a master regulator of cytoprotective responses, drives the expression of genes that provide resistance to oxidative, electrophilic and xenobiotic stresses. Recent research has suggested that stimulation of the NRF2 signalling pathway can alleviate cardiotoxicity and hallmarks of cardiovascular disease progression. However, dysregulation of NRF2 dynamic responses can be severely impacted by ageing processes and off-target toxicity from clinical medicines including anthracycline chemotherapeutics, rendering cells of the cardiovascular system susceptible to toxicity and subsequent tissue dysfunction. This review addresses the current understanding of NRF2 mechanisms under homeostatic and cardiovascular pathophysiological conditions within the context of wider implications for this diverse transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Roberts
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Richard D. Rainbow
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Parveen Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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13
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Jing J, Zhu C, Gong R, Qi X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Research progress on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in the intervention of atherosclerosis: A promising natural immunotherapeutic adjuvant. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114201. [PMID: 36610225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by disorders of lipid metabolism. Abnormal deposition of low-density lipoproteins in the arterial wall stimulates the activation of immune cells, including the adhesion and infiltration of monocytes, the proliferation and differentiation of macrophages and lymphocytes, and the activation of their functions. The complex interplay between immune cells coordinates the balance between pro- and anti-inflammation and plays a key role in the progression of AS. Therefore, targeting immune cell activity may lead to the development of more selective drugs with fewer side effects to treat AS without compromising host defense mechanisms. At present, an increasing number of studies have found that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can regulate the function of immune cells in multiple ways to against AS, showing great potential for the treatment of AS and promising clinical applications. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of immune cell action in AS lesions and the potential targets and/or pathways for immune cell regulation by the active ingredients of TCM to promote the understanding of the immune system interactions of AS and provide a relevant basis for the use of active ingredients of TCM as natural adjuvants for AS immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Rui Gong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xue Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250001, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Peripheral Vascular Disease Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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14
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Heme-heme oxygenase-2 reduces the atherosclerosis by preventing inflammation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 4:100141. [PMID: 36593926 PMCID: PMC9804009 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Heme oxygenase (HO) has been shown to have important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, resulting in a vascular antitherogenic effect. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of HO-2 in atherosclerosis. Method and results The expression levels of HO-2 were evaluated in M1 and M2 bone marrow macrophage induced by LPS and IL4. The expression of HO-2 was significantly higher in M2 macrophage than in M1 macrophage. Western diet (WD) caused a significant increase in HO-2 expression in ApoE-/- mice. The adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors expressing HO-2 was constructed, and the mice were received saline (ApoE-/-), AAV (ApoE-/-), AAV-HO-2 (ApoE-/-) on WD at 12 weeks and their plasma lipids, inflammatory cytokines, atherosclerosis were evaluated for 16 weeks. The results showed AAV-HO-2 was robust, with a significant decrease in the en face aortas, lipids levels, inflammatory cytokines and M1 macrophage content in AAV-HO-2 ApoE-/- compared to control AAV-ApoE-/-. Conclusion HO-2 expression in macrophages plays an important role of the antiatherogenic effect, decreasing the inflammatory component of atherosclerotic lesions. These results suggest that HO-2 may be a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.
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15
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Luo K, Ogawa M, Ayer A, Britton WJ, Stocker R, Kikuchi K, Oehlers SH. Zebrafish Heme Oxygenase 1a Is Necessary for Normal Development and Macrophage Migration. Zebrafish 2022; 19:7-17. [PMID: 35108124 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2021.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase function is highly conserved between vertebrates where it plays important roles in normal embryonic development and controls oxidative stress. Expression of the zebrafish heme oxygenase 1 genes is known to be responsive to oxidative stress suggesting a conserved physiological function. In this study, we generate a knockout allele of zebrafish hmox1a and characterize the effects of hmox1a and hmox1b loss on embryonic development. We find that loss of hmox1a or hmox1b causes developmental defects in only a minority of embryos, in contrast to Hmox1 gene deletions in mice that cause loss of most embryos. Using a tail wound inflammation assay we find a conserved role for hmox1a, but not hmox1b, in normal macrophage migration to the wound site. Together our results indicate that zebrafish hmox1a has clearly a partitioned role from hmox1b that is more consistent with conserved functions of mammalian Heme oxygenase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Luo
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Masahito Ogawa
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Anita Ayer
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,The Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Australia
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,The Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Australia
| | - Kazu Kikuchi
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Stefan H Oehlers
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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16
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Lisco G, Giagulli VA, De Pergola G, Guastamacchia E, Jirillo E, Triggiani V. The Pathogenic Role of Foam Cells in Atherogenesis: Do They Represent Novel Therapeutic Targets? Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:765-777. [PMID: 34994321 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220107114313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foam cells, mainly derived from monocytes-macrophages, contain lipid droplets essentially composed of cholesterol in their cytoplasm. They infiltrate the intima of arteries, contributing to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. PATHOGENESIS Foam cells damage the arterial cell wall via the release of proinflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and matrix metalloproteinases, enhancing the plaque size up to its rupture. THERAPY A correct dietary regimen seems to be the most appropriate therapeutic approach to minimize obesity, which is associated with the formation of foam cells. At the same time, different types of antioxidants have been evaluated to arrest the formation of foam cells, even if the results are still contradictory. In any case, a combination of antioxidants seems to be more efficient in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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17
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Alonso-Piñeiro JA, Gonzalez-Rovira A, Sánchez-Gomar I, Moreno JA, Durán-Ruiz MC. Nrf2 and Heme Oxygenase-1 Involvement in Atherosclerosis Related Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1463. [PMID: 34573095 PMCID: PMC8466960 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains the underlying process responsible for cardiovascular diseases and the high mortality rates associated. This chronic inflammatory disease progresses with the formation of occlusive atherosclerotic plaques over the inner walls of vascular vessels, with oxidative stress being an important element of this pathology. Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) induces endothelial dysfunction, foam cell activation, and inflammatory response, resulting in the formation of fatty streaks in the atherosclerotic wall. With this in mind, different approaches aim to reduce oxidative damage as a strategy to tackle the progression of atherosclerosis. Special attention has been paid in recent years to the transcription factor Nrf2 and its downstream-regulated protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), both known to provide protection against atherosclerotic injury. In the current review, we summarize the involvement of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis, focusing on the role that these antioxidant molecules exert, as well as the potential therapeutic strategies applied to enhance their antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Angel Alonso-Piñeiro
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.A.A.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (I.S.-G.)
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11001 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Almudena Gonzalez-Rovira
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.A.A.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (I.S.-G.)
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11001 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Gomar
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.A.A.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (I.S.-G.)
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11001 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), UGC Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ma Carmen Durán-Ruiz
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.A.A.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (I.S.-G.)
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11001 Cádiz, Spain
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18
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Vinchi F. Non-Transferrin-Bound Iron in the Spotlight: Novel Mechanistic Insights into the Vasculotoxic and Atherosclerotic Effect of Iron. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:387-414. [PMID: 33554718 PMCID: PMC8328045 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: While atherosclerosis is an almost inevitable consequence of aging, food preferences, lack of exercise, and other aspects of the lifestyle in many countries, the identification of new risk factors is of increasing importance to tackle a disease, which has become a major health burden for billions of people. Iron has long been suspected to promote the development of atherosclerosis, but data have been conflicting, and the contribution of iron is still debated controversially. Recent Advances: Several experimental and clinical studies have been recently published about this longstanding controversial problem, highlighting the critical need to unravel the complexity behind this topic. Critical Issues: The aim of the current review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the proatherosclerotic impact of iron, and discuss the emerging role of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) as driver of vasculotoxicity and atherosclerosis. Finally, I will provide detailed mechanistic insights on the cellular processes and molecular pathways underlying iron-exacerbated atherosclerosis. Overall, this review highlights a complex framework where NTBI acts at multiple levels in atherosclerosis by altering the serum and vascular microenvironment in a proatherogenic and proinflammatory manner, affecting the functionality and survival of vascular cells, promoting foam cell formation and inducing angiogenesis, calcification, and plaque destabilization. Future Directions: The use of additional iron markers (e.g., NTBI) may help adequately predict predisposition to cardiovascular disease. Clinical studies are needed in the aging population to address the atherogenic role of iron fluctuations within physiological limits and the therapeutic value of iron restriction approaches. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 387-414.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vinchi
- Iron Research Program, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute (LFKRI), New York Blood Center (NYBC), New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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19
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Campbell NK, Fitzgerald HK, Dunne A. Regulation of inflammation by the antioxidant haem oxygenase 1. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:411-425. [PMID: 33514947 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme responsible for the breakdown of haem, is primarily considered an antioxidant, and has long been overlooked by immunologists. However, research over the past two decades in particular has demonstrated that HO-1 also exhibits numerous anti-inflammatory properties. These emerging immunomodulatory functions have made HO-1 an appealing target for treatment of diseases characterized by high levels of chronic inflammation. In this Review, we present an introduction to HO-1 for immunologists, including an overview of its roles in iron metabolism and antioxidant defence, and the factors which regulate its expression. We discuss the impact of HO-1 induction in specific immune cell populations and provide new insights into the immunomodulation that accompanies haem catabolism, including its relationship to immunometabolism. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of HO-1 induction to treat chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and the issues faced when trying to translate such therapies to the clinic. Finally, we examine a number of alternative, safer strategies that are under investigation to harness the therapeutic potential of HO-1, including the use of phytochemicals, novel HO-1 inducers and carbon monoxide-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Campbell
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Hannah K Fitzgerald
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Xiang H, Jin S, Tan F, Xu Y, Lu Y, Wu T. Physiological functions and therapeutic applications of neutral sphingomyelinase and acid sphingomyelinase. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111610. [PMID: 33957567 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) can be converted into ceramide (Cer) by neutral sphingomyelinase (NSM) and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). Cer is a second messenger of lipids and can regulate cell growth and apoptosis. Increasing evidence shows that NSM and ASM play key roles in many processes, such as apoptosis, immune function and inflammation. Therefore, NSM and ASM have broad prospects in clinical treatments, especially in cancer, cardiovascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis), nervous system diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease), respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and the phenotype of dwarfisms in adolescents, playing a complex regulatory role. This review focuses on the physiological functions of NSM and ASM and summarizes their roles in certain diseases and their potential applications in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Jin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenglang Tan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Mechanistic interplay of various mediators involved in mediating the neuroprotective effect of daphnetin. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1220-1229. [PMID: 33860917 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Daphnetin is a 7, 8 dihydroxy coumarin isolated from different medicinal plants of the Thymelaeaceae family and exhibits copious pharmacological activities including neuroprotection, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic and anti-arthritic activity. It has been proved to be an effective neuroprotective agent in several preclinical animal studies and cell line examinations. It is found to interact with different cellular mediators and signaling pathways to confer protection against neurodegeneration. The reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators are the major culprits of different neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress activates the pro-apoptotic proteins and inhibits anti-apoptotic proteins, leading to neuronal cell death. Daphnetin restores cellular redox balance by upregulating the antioxidants level (GSH and SOD), anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2), as well as by reducing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, executioner caspase-3, pro-apoptotic-Bax, and oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, activation of Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling and upregulation of HSP-70 governs the protection elicited by daphnetin against oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. Daphnetin modulated inhibition of JNK-MAPK, JAK-STAT, and TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathways also contributed to its neuroprotective effect. The positive effects of daphnetin have been also related to its AChE, BChE, and BACE-1 inhibitory potential. The present review has been designed to explore the mechanistic interplay of various mediators in mediating the neuroprotective effects of daphnetin.
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22
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Oleacein may intensify the efflux of oxLDL from human macrophages by increasing the expression of the SRB1 receptor, as well as ABCA1 and ABCG1 transporters. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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23
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Li J, Guo Y, Duan X, Li B. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) assists inorganic arsenic-induced immune tolerance in murine dendritic cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128452. [PMID: 33049506 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic, a well-known human carcinogen, poses a major threat to global health. Given the immunosuppressive potentials of inorganic arsenic as well as limited understanding of this metalloid on antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), we systematically screened the immune targets in response to arsenic treatment, as well as its possible molecular mechanism in cultured murine DCs. Our results denoted that arsenite (As) significantly induced immune tolerance by down-regulating the expression of phenotypic molecules, pro-inflammatory factors and T-lymphocyte helper (Th)1/Th17-inducible cytokines in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated myeloid-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Inconsistent with dampened phosphorylation of immune-related proteins (nuclear factor kappa-B) NF-κB, p38 and JNK, the metalloid drastically induced the expression of Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein, which enlightened us to continuously explore the possible roles of HO-1 pathway in As-induced immune tolerance in BMDCs. In this respect, immunosuppressive properties of HO-1 pathway in BMDCs were firstly confirmed through pharmacological overexpression of HO-1 by both CoPP and CORM-2. By contrast, limited HO-1 expression by HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP specifically alleviated As-mediated down-regulation of CD80, chemokine factor C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, Interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-6, which reminds us the peculiarity of HO-1 in As-induced immune tolerance in murine DCs. Based on these experimental findings, we postulated the immunosuppressive property of inorganic arsenic might be mediated partially by HO-1 in DCs, thus contributing to the interactions of DCs-polarized differentiation of T-lymphocyte subtype as well as the development of infections and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xiaoxu Duan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Li
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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24
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Ibrahim N‘I, Naina Mohamed I. Interdependence of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Squalene-Implication for Cardiovascular Health. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:103. [PMID: 33573041 PMCID: PMC7911491 DOI: 10.3390/life11020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been recognized as the leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for 31% of global mortality. Among the risk factors of CVD, hyperlipidemia has been established as the most potent risk factor. Statins, a class of drug that reduces lower-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), are the preferred medical treatment. However, due to the development of statin-associated muscle symptoms, statins are associated with patients' discontinuation and nonadherence. Other statin-induced side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal upset, all contribute to patients choosing alternative medicines. Squalene (SQ), an unsaturated hydrocarbon naturally synthesized in plants and animals, could become the alternative treatment or supplementary agent for cardiovascular health. SQ has been shown to exert cardioprotective effect via its antioxidant activity. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are closely related to each other, which proposes an interdependence relation between antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Therefore, this review explores the interdependence between the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of SQ implicated on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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25
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Heme Oxygenase-1 as a Pharmacological Target for Host-Directed Therapy to Limit Tuberculosis Associated Immunopathology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020177. [PMID: 33530574 PMCID: PMC7911872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammation and tissue damage are pathological hallmarks of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Despite decades of research, host regulation of these clinical consequences is poorly understood. A sustained effort has been made to understand the contribution of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to this process. HO-1 is an essential cytoprotective enzyme in the host that controls inflammation and oxidative stress in many pathological conditions. While HO-1 levels are upregulated in animals and patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), how it regulates host responses and disease pathology during TB remains unclear. This lack of clarity is due in part to contradictory studies arguing that HO-1 induction contributes to both host resistance as well as disease progression. In this review, we discuss these conflicting studies and the role of HO-1 in modulating myeloid cell functions during Mtb disease progression. We argue that HO-1 is a promising target for host-directed therapy to improve TB immunopathology.
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26
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Sun JL, Abd El-Aty AM, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Ginsenoside Rb2 Ameliorates LPS-Induced Inflammation and ER Stress in HUVECs and THP-1 Cells via the AMPK-Mediated Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:967-985. [PMID: 32431178 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been documented to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Ginsenoside Rb2 has been reported to exhibit antidiabetic effects. However, the effects of Rb2 on atherosclerotic responses such as inflammation and ER stress in endothelial cells and monocytes remain unclear. In this study, the expression of inflammation and ER stress markers was determined using a Western blotting method. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF[Formula: see text]) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in culture media were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and apoptosis was evaluated by a cell viability assay and a caspase-3 activity measurement kit. We found that exposure of HUVECs and THP-1 monocytes to Rb2 attenuated inflammation and ER stress, resulting in amelioration of apoptosis and THP-1 cell adhesion to HUVECs under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) condition. Increased AMPK phosphorylation and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression, including GPR120 expression were observed in Rb2-treated HUVECs and THP-1 monocytes. Downregulation of both, AMPK phosphorylation and HO-1expression rescued these observed changes. Furthermore, GPR120 siRNA mitigated Rb2-induced AMPK phosphorylation. These results suggest that Rb2 inhibits LPS-mediated apoptosis and THP-1 cell adhesion to HUVECs by GPR120/AMPK/HO-1-associated attenuating inflammation and ER stress. Therefore, Rb2 can be used as a potential therapeutic molecule for treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaw Long Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway by Amomum villosum Extract Suppresses LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress In Vitro and Ex Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2837853. [PMID: 32454852 PMCID: PMC7218974 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2837853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite its deleterious effects on living cells, oxidative stress plays essential roles in normal physiological processes and provides signaling molecules for cell growth, differentiation, and inflammation. Macrophages are equipped with antioxidant mechanisms to cope with intracellular ROS produced during immune response, and Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2)/HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) pathway is an attractive target due to its protective effect against ROS-induced cell damage in inflamed macrophages. We investigated the effects of ethanol extract of A. villosum (AVEE) on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated inflammatory responses generated via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in murine peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells. AVEE was found to suppress the NF-κB signaling pathway, thus, to reduce proinflammatory cytokine, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin levels in peritoneal macrophages and Raw 264.7 cells treated with LPS, and to enhance HO-1 expression by activating Nrf2 signaling. Furthermore, these anti-inflammatory effects of AVEE were diminished when cells were pretreated with SnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor). HPLC analysis revealed AVEE contained quercetin, a possible activator of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. These results show A. villosum ethanol extract exerts anti-inflammatory effects by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
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28
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Cao Y, Zhao X, Watase H, Hippe DS, Wu Y, Zhang H, Yue L, Canto GM, Song Y, Shi H, Wang G, Li R, Bao H, Yuan C. Comparison of Carotid Atherosclerosis between Patients at High Altitude and Sea Level: A Chinese Atherosclerosis Risk Evaluation Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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29
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Peng H, Tang J, Zhao S, Shen L, Xu D. Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase in Macrophages Ameliorates the Formation of Foam Cells ― Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 ―. Circ J 2019; 83:2555-2566. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianjun Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Shuiping Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
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30
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IL-8 negatively regulates ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux via upregulating miR-183 in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Cytokine 2019; 122:154385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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31
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The Protective Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Atherosclerotic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153628. [PMID: 31344980 PMCID: PMC6695885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of heme to generate ferrous iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. These products have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic properties. Although HO-1 is expressed at low levels in most tissues under basal conditions, it is highly inducible in response to various pathophysiological stresses/stimuli. HO-1 induction is thus thought to be an adaptive defense system that functions to protect cells and tissues against injury in many disease settings. In atherosclerosis, HO-1 may play a protective role against the progression of atherosclerosis, mainly due to the degradation of pro-oxidant heme, the generation of anti-oxidants biliverdin and bilirubin and the production of vasodilator CO. In animal models, a lack of HO-1 was shown to accelerate atherosclerosis, whereas HO-1 induction reduced atherosclerosis. It was also reported that HO-1 induction improved the cardiac function and postinfarction survival in animal models of heart failure or myocardial infarction. Recently, we and others examined blood HO-1 levels in patients with atherosclerotic diseases, e.g., coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Taken together, these findings to date support the notion that HO-1 plays a protective role against the progression of atherosclerotic diseases. This review summarizes the roles of HO-1 in atherosclerosis and focuses on the clinical studies that examined the relationships between HO-1 levels and atherosclerotic diseases.
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32
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Salsalate ameliorates the atherosclerotic response through HO-1- and SIRT1-mediated suppression of ER stress and inflammation. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:655-663. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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33
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Huang C, Chen S, Zhang T, Li D, Huang Z, Huang J, Qin Y, Chen B, Cheng G, Ma F, Zhou M. TLR3 Ligand PolyI:C Prevents Acute Pancreatitis Through the Interferon-β/Interferon-α/β Receptor Signaling Pathway in a Caerulein-Induced Pancreatitis Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2019; 10:980. [PMID: 31130960 PMCID: PMC6509240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common and devastating inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. However, there are still no effective treatments available for the disease. Therefore, it is important to discover new therapeutic targets and strategies for better treatment and prognosis of AP patients. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand polyI:C is a double-stranded RNA mimic that can be used as an immune stimulant. Our current study indicates that polyI:C exerted excellent anti-inflammatory effects in a caerulein-induced AP mouse model and taurocholate-induced pancreatic acinar cell line injury model. We found that polyI:C triggers type I interferon (IFN) production and downstream IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR)-dependent signaling, which play key roles in protecting the pancreas from inflammatory injury. Knockout of IFN-β and IFNAR in mice abolished the preventive effects of polyI:C on caerulein-induced AP symptoms, which include pancreatic edema, neutrophil infiltration, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammatory gene expression. Treating pancreatic acinar 266-6 cells with an IFNAR inhibitor, which blocks the interaction between type I IFN and IFNAR, diminishes the downregulation of oxidative stress by polyI:C. Additionally, a subsequent transcriptome analysis on the role of polyI:C in treating pancreatitis suggested that chemotaxis of neutrophils and the production of ROS were inhibited by polyI:C in the pancreases damaged by caerulein injection. Thus, polyI:C may act as a type I IFN inducer to alleviate AP, and it has the potential to be a promising therapeutic agent used at the early stages of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengchuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dapei Li
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonglin Huang
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanghua Qin
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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34
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Yoo EJ, Lee HH, Ye BJ, Lee JH, Lee CY, Kang HJ, Jeong GW, Park H, Lim SW, Lee-Kwon W, Kwon HM, Choi SY. TonEBP Suppresses the HO-1 Gene by Blocking Recruitment of Nrf2 to Its Promoter. Front Immunol 2019; 10:850. [PMID: 31057560 PMCID: PMC6482272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TonEBP is a key transcriptional activator in macrophages with an M1 phenotype. High expression of TonEBP is associated with many inflammatory diseases. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress-inducible protein, is induced by various oxidative and inflammatory signals, and its expression is regarded as an adaptive cellular response to inflammation and oxidative injury. Here, we show that TonEBP suppresses expression of HO-1 by blocking Nrf2 binding to the HO-1 promoter, thereby inducing polarization of macrophages to the M1 phenotype. Inhibition of HO-1 expression or activity significantly reduced the inhibitory responses on M1 phenotype and stimulatory effects on M2 phenotype by TonEBP knockdown. Additional experiments showed that HO-1 plays a role in the paracrine anti-inflammatory effects of TonEBP knockdown in macrophages. Identification of HO-1 as a downstream effector of TonEBP provides new possibilities for improved therapeutic approaches to inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Yoo
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hwan Hee Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Byeong Jin Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Chae Young Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Je Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Gyu Won Jeong
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Sun Woo Lim
- Transplantation Research Center, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Whaseon Lee-Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyug Moo Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Soo Youn Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
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35
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da Costa RM, Rodrigues D, Pereira CA, Silva JF, Alves JV, Lobato NS, Tostes RC. Nrf2 as a Potential Mediator of Cardiovascular Risk in Metabolic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:382. [PMID: 31031630 PMCID: PMC6473049 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals act as secondary messengers, modulating a number of important biological processes, including gene expression, ion mobilization in transport systems, protein interactions and enzymatic functions, cell growth, cell cycle, redox homeostasis, among others. In the cardiovascular system, the physiological generation of free radicals ensures the integrity and function of cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and adjacent smooth muscle cells. In physiological conditions, there is a balance between free radicals generation and the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Redox imbalance, caused by increased free radical's production and/or reduced antioxidant defense, plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, contributing to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, endothelial dysfunction, hypertrophy and hypercontractility of vascular smooth muscle. Excessive production of oxidizing agents in detriment of antioxidant defenses in the cardiovascular system has been described in obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), a major regulator of antioxidant and cellular protective genes, is primarily activated in response to oxidative stress. Under physiological conditions, Nrf2 is constitutively expressed in the cytoplasm of cells and is usually associated with Keap-1, a repressor protein. This association maintains low levels of free Nrf2. Stressors, such as free radicals, favor the translocation of Nrf2 to the cell nucleus. The accumulation of nuclear Nrf2 allows the binding of this protein to the antioxidant response element of genes that code antioxidant proteins. Although little information on the role of Nrf2 in the cardiovascular system is available, growing evidence indicates that decreased Nrf2 activity contributes to oxidative stress, favoring the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders found in obesity, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. The present mini-review will provide a comprehensive overview of the role of Nrf2 as a contributing factor to cardiovascular risk in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila A Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josiane F Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Núbia S Lobato
- Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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36
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Shan H, Li T, Zhang L, Yang R, Li Y, Zhang M, Dong Y, Zhou Y, Xu C, Yang B, Liang H, Gao X, Shan H. Heme oxygenase-1 prevents heart against myocardial infarction by attenuating ischemic injury-induced cardiomyocytes senescence. EBioMedicine 2018; 39:59-68. [PMID: 30527623 PMCID: PMC6355645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular senescence is a stable cell-cycle arrest induced by telomere shortening and various types of cellular stress including oxidative stress, oncogene activation, DNA damage etc. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible stress-response protein that plays antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of HO-1 in cellular senescence in heart are largely unknown. Methods Echocardiography was employed to detect the effect of HO-1 on heart function in adult mice with myocardial infarction (MI) and aged mice. The senescence markers, p53, p16 and LaminB, were analyzed by western blot. The immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining were applied to analyze the expression level of p16. SA-β-Gal staining showed the level of cardiomyocyte senescence. Findings We found that hemin significantly induced the expression of HO-1, which notably suppressed cardiomyocyte senescence containing the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Further studies showed that systemic HO-1 transgenic overexpression improved heart function by inhibiting aging-induced extracellular matrix deposition and fibrogenesis. More importantly, treatment of hemin improved heart function in MI mice. Furthermore, forced expression of HO-1 blunted cardiomyocyte senescence in natural aged mice and in primary cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. Interpretation Our study revealed that HO-1 improved heart function and attenuated cardiomyocyte senescence triggered by ischemic injury and aging. In addition, HO-1 induction alleviated H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte senescence. Finally, our study suggested a novel mechanism of HO-1 to play cardioprotective effect. Fund This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81770284 to Hongli Shan); and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673425, 81872863 to Yuhong Zhou). The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81473213 to Chaoqian Xu). National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1307403 to Baofeng Yang), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81730012 to Baofeng Yang).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huitong Shan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Lijia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Yuechao Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Chaoqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Haihai Liang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China.
| | - Xu Gao
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Hongli Shan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China.
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Zhang M, Nakamura K, Kageyama S, Lawal AO, Gong KW, Bhetraratana M, Fujii T, Sulaiman D, Hirao H, Bolisetty S, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Araujo JA. Myeloid HO-1 modulates macrophage polarization and protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120596. [PMID: 30282830 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages polarize into heterogeneous proinflammatory M1 and antiinflammatory M2 subtypes. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protects against inflammatory processes such as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), organ transplantation, and atherosclerosis. To test our hypothesis that HO-1 regulates macrophage polarization and protects against IRI, we generated myeloid-specific HO-1-knockout (mHO-1-KO) and -transgenic (mHO-1-Tg) mice, with deletion or overexpression of HO-1, in various macrophage populations. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from mHO-1-KO mice, treated with M1-inducing LPS or M2-inducing IL-4, exhibited increased mRNA expression of M1 (CXCL10, IL-1β, MCP1) and decreased expression of M2 (Arg1 and CD163) markers as compared with controls, while BMDMs from mHO-1-Tg mice displayed the opposite. A similar pattern was observed in the hepatic M1/M2 expression profile in a mouse model of liver IRI. mHO-1-KO mice displayed increased hepatocellular damage, serum AST/ALT levels, Suzuki's histological score of liver IRI, and neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, while mHO-1-Tg mice exhibited the opposite. In human liver transplant biopsies, subjects with higher HO-1 levels showed lower expression of M1 markers together with decreased hepatocellular damage and improved outcomes. In conclusion, myeloid HO-1 expression modulates macrophage polarization, and protects against liver IRI, at least in part by favoring an M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Kojiro Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ke Wei Gong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | | | - Takehiro Fujii
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Hirofumi Hirao
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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38
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Lee DS, Kwon KH, Cheong SH. Taurine Chloramine Suppresses LPS-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses through Nrf2-Mediated Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Mouse BV2 Microglial Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 1:131-143. [PMID: 28849450 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The brain is sensitive to the inflammation and oxidative stress that can cause the aging or neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory activities of taurine chloramine (TauCl) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse BV2 microglia mediated through heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. TauCl inhibited the protein expressions of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, nitric oxide (NO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-treated BV2 microglia. TauCl markedly inhibited interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1𝛽 (IL-1𝛽) and tumor necrosis factor-𝛼 (TNF-𝛼) production. These effects were related to the suppression of the degradation and phosphorylation of inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B-𝛼 (I𝜅B-𝛼), translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-𝜅B) as well as DNA binding activity. In addition, TauCl induced the HO-1 expression by increasing the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation to the nucleus in mouse BV2 microglia. These findings suggest that TauCl has protective effects of neurodegenerative disorders caused by neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Ki Han Kwon
- Division of Food Science and Nutrition, Graduate School of Biohealth Science, Gwangju University, Gwangju, 61743, South Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health, Welfare, and Education, Gwangju University, Gwangju, 61743, South Korea
| | - Sun Hee Cheong
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 550-749, South Korea.
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39
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Brook A, Hoaksey A, Gurung R, Yoong EEC, Sneyd R, Baynes GC, Bischof H, Jones S, Higgins LE, Jones C, Greenwood SL, Jones RL, Gram M, Lang I, Desoye G, Myers J, Schneider H, Hansson SR, Crocker IP, Brownbill P. Cell free hemoglobin in the fetoplacental circulation: a novel cause of fetal growth restriction? FASEB J 2018; 32:5436-5446. [PMID: 29723064 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800264r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Cell free hemoglobin impairs vascular function and blood flow in adult cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that free fetal hemoglobin (fHbF) compromises vascular integrity and function in the fetoplacental circulation, contributing to the increased vascular resistance associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR). Women with normal and FGR pregnancies were recruited and their placentas collected freshly postpartum. FGR fetal capillaries showed evidence of erythrocyte vascular packing and extravasation. Fetal cord blood fHbF levels were higher in FGR than in normal pregnancies ( P < 0.05) and the elevation of fHbF in relation to heme oxygenase-1 suggests a failure of expected catabolic compensation, which occurs in adults. During ex vivo placental perfusion, pathophysiological fHbF concentrations significantly increased fetal-side microcirculatory resistance ( P < 0.05). fHbF sequestered NO in acute and chronic exposure models ( P < 0.001), and fHbF-primed placental endothelial cells developed a proinflammatory phenotype, demonstrated by activation of NF-κB pathway, generation of IL-1α and TNF-α (both P < 0.05), uncontrolled angiogenesis, and disruption of endothelial cell flow alignment. Elevated fHbF contributes to increased fetoplacental vascular resistance and impaired endothelial protection. This unrecognized mechanism for fetal compromise offers a novel insight into FGR as well as a potential explanation for associated poor fetal outcomes such as fetal demise and stillbirth.-Brook, A., Hoaksey, A., Gurung, R., Yoong, E. E. C., Sneyd, R., Baynes, G. C., Bischof, H., Jones, S., Higgins, L. E., Jones, C., Greenwood, S. L., Jones, R. L., Gram, M., Lang, I., Desoye, G., Myers, J., Schneider, H., Hansson, S. R., Crocker, I. P., Brownbill, P. Cell free hemoglobin in the fetoplacental circulation: a novel cause of fetal growth restriction?
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Brook
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Annie Hoaksey
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rekha Gurung
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Edward E C Yoong
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rosanna Sneyd
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia C Baynes
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Bischof
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jones
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy E Higgins
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan L Greenwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Gram
- Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Lang
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jenny Myers
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Henning Schneider
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ian P Crocker
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brownbill
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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40
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Ruotsalainen AK, Lappalainen JP, Heiskanen E, Merentie M, Sihvola V, Näpänkangas J, Lottonen-Raikaslehto L, Kansanen E, Adinolfi S, Kaarniranta K, Ylä-Herttuala S, Jauhiainen M, Pirinen E, Levonen AL. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 deficiency impairs atherosclerotic lesion development but promotes features of plaque instability in hypercholesterolaemic mice. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 115:243-254. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the vessel wall, but paradoxically, global loss of Nrf2 in apoE deficient mice alleviates atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of global Nrf2 deficiency on early and advanced atherogenesis in alternative models of atherosclerosis, LDL receptor deficient mice (LDLR−/−), and LDLR−/− mice expressing apoB-100 only (LDLR−/− ApoB100/100) having a humanized lipoprotein profile.
Methods and results
LDLR−/− mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 or 12 weeks and LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice a regular chow diet for 6 or 12 months. Nrf2 deficiency significantly reduced early and more advanced atherosclerosis assessed by lesion size and coverage in the aorta in both models. Nrf2 deficiency in LDLR−/− mice reduced total plasma cholesterol after 6 weeks of HFD and triglycerides in LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice on a chow diet. Nrf2 deficiency aggravated aortic plaque maturation in aged LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice as it increased plaque calcification. Moreover, ∼36% of Nrf2−/−LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 females developed spontaneous myocardial infarction (MI) or sudden death at 5 to 12 months of age. Interestingly, Nrf2 deficiency increased plaque instability index, enhanced plaque inflammation and calcification, and reduced fibrous cap thickness in brachiocephalic arteries of LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 female mice at age of 12 months.
Conclusions
Absence of Nrf2 reduced atherosclerotic lesion size in both atherosclerosis models, likely via systemic effects on lipid metabolism. However, Nrf2 deficiency in aged LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice led to an enhanced atherosclerotic plaque instability likely via increased plaque inflammation and oxidative stress, which possibly predisposed to MI and sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jari P Lappalainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland and Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emmi Heiskanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mari Merentie
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virve Sihvola
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Näpänkangas
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Emilia Kansanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simone Adinolfi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkes Unit, Helsinki, Finland; and
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Research Program for Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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41
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Yao X, Lu B, Lü C, Bai Q, Yan D, Wu Y, Hong Z, Xu H. Solanesol induces the expression of heme oxygenase-1 via p38 and Akt and suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Food Funct 2018; 8:132-141. [PMID: 27921103 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01073c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of solanesol and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays an important role in cytoprotection against oxidative stress and inflammation. Solanesol induced HO-1 expression both at the level of mRNA and proteins, resulting in increased HO-1 activity. Solanesol treatment enhanced the level of the phosphorylated form, nuclear translocation, ARE-binding, and transcriptional activity of Nrf2. p38 and Akt contributed to ARE-driven HO-1 expression. Solanesol activated both p38 and Akt, and treatments with SB203580 (a p38 kinase inhibitor), LY294002 (an Akt inhibitor), specific p38 siRNA and Akt siRNA suppressed the solanesol-induced activation of Nrf2, resulting in a decrease in HO-1 expression. Solanesol also elevated the autophagic protein LC3B-II level. SnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor) and HO-1 siRNA markedly abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of solanesol against LPS-induced cell damage. Likewise, SB203580, LY294002, 3-MA and Baf-A1 inhibited the solanesol-induced anti-inflammatory effect. These studies demonstrate that solanesol attenuates inflammation by HO-1 induction via p38 and Akt signaling. Thus, it is quite plausible that HO-1 induction by solanesol could trigger anti-inflammatory pathways including limiting LPS-stimulated cytokine production through autophagic signaling via p38 and Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Yao
- Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, PR China.
| | - Binyu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chaotian Lü
- Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, PR China.
| | - Qin Bai
- Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, PR China.
| | - Dazhong Yan
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yanli Wu
- Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, PR China.
| | - Zibing Hong
- Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, PR China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, PR China.
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42
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Lallemand T, Rouahi M, Swiader A, Grazide MH, Geoffre N, Alayrac P, Recazens E, Coste A, Salvayre R, Nègre-Salvayre A, Augé N. nSMase2 (Type 2-Neutral Sphingomyelinase) Deficiency or Inhibition by GW4869 Reduces Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Apoe -/- Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1479-1492. [PMID: 29794115 PMCID: PMC6039418 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is a chronic multifactorial and inflammatory disease of large and medium arteries and the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how the nSMase2 (type 2-neutral sphingomyelinase), a key enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism, may contribute to the development of atherosclerotic lesions. APPROACH AND RESULTS The role of nSMase2 in atherosclerosis was investigated in Apoe-/-;Smpd3fro/fro mice, mutant for nSMase2, and in Apoe-/-;Smpd3+/+ mice intraperitoneally injected with GW4869, a pharmacological nSMase2 inhibitor. The defect or inhibition of nSMase2 resulted in a reduction of atherosclerotic lesions and a decrease in macrophage infiltration and lipid deposition, although cholesterolemia remained unchanged. nSMase2 inhibition decreased the inflammatory response of murine endothelial cells to oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein), as assessed by the significant reduction of MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) mRNA expressions and macrophage recruitment. Likewise, in RAW264.7 or in macrophages isolated from Apoe-/-/Smpd3fro/fro or Apoe-/-/Smpd3+/+ mice stimulated by lipopolysaccharides, nSMase2 inhibition resulted in a decrease in the expression of inflammatory molecules. Mechanistically, the anti-inflammatory response resulting from nSMase2 inhibition involves Nrf2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2 or NF-E2-related factor-2) activation in both endothelial cells and macrophages, as assessed by the lack of protective effect of GW4869 in endothelial cells silenced for Nrf2 by small interfering RNAs, and in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages issued from Nrf2-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS The genetic deficiency or inhibition of nSMase2 strongly decreases the development of atherosclerotic lesions in Apoe-/- mice, by reducing inflammatory responses through a mechanism involving the Nrf2 pathway. Inhibitors of nSMase2 may, therefore, constitute a novel approach to slow down atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Lallemand
- From the INSERM U-1048 Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.).,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.)
| | - Myriam Rouahi
- From the INSERM U-1048 Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.).,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.)
| | - Audrey Swiader
- From the INSERM U-1048 Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.).,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.)
| | - Marie-Hélène Grazide
- From the INSERM U-1048 Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.).,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.)
| | - Nancy Geoffre
- From the INSERM U-1048 Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.).,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.)
| | - Paul Alayrac
- From the INSERM U-1048 Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.).,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.)
| | - Emeline Recazens
- From the INSERM U-1048 Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.).,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.)
| | - Agnès Coste
- PHARMA-DEV, IRD UMR 152, Toulouse, France (A.C.)
| | - Robert Salvayre
- From the INSERM U-1048 Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.).,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.)
| | - Anne Nègre-Salvayre
- From the INSERM U-1048 Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.).,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.)
| | - Nathalie Augé
- From the INSERM U-1048 Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.) .,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (T.L., M.R., A.S., M.-H.G., N.G., P.A., E.R., R.S., A.N.-S., N.A.)
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Myeloid Heme Oxygenase-1 Regulates the Acute Inflammatory Response to Zymosan in the Mouse Air Pouch. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5053091. [PMID: 29599896 PMCID: PMC5828097 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5053091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is induced by many stimuli to modulate the activation and function of different cell types during innate immune responses. Although HO-1 has shown anti-inflammatory effects in different systems, there are few data on the contribution of myeloid HO-1 and its role in inflammatory processes is not well understood. To address this point, we have used HO-1M-KO mice with myeloid-restricted deletion of HO-1 to specifically investigate its influence on the acute inflammatory response to zymosan in vivo. In the mouse air pouch model, we have shown an exacerbated inflammation in HO-1M-KO mice with increased neutrophil infiltration accompanied by high levels of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and prostaglandin E2. The expression of the degradative enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) was also enhanced. In addition, we observed higher levels of serum MMP-3 in HO-1M-KO mice compared with control mice, suggesting the presence of systemic inflammation. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that myeloid HO-1 plays an anti-inflammatory role in the acute response to zymosan in vivo and suggest the interest of this target to regulate inflammatory processes.
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Park KS, Ahn SH, Lee KP, Park SY, Cheon JH, Choi JY, Kim K. The Natural Compound Dansameum Reduces foam Cell Formation by Downregulating CD36 and Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-gamma; Expression. Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 13:S868-S874. [PMID: 29491646 PMCID: PMC5822513 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_112_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis-induced vascular disorders are major causes of death in most western countries. During the development of atherosclerotic lesions, foam cell formation is essential and formed through the expression of CD36 and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Objective: To investigate whether dansameum extract (DSE) could show anti-atherosclerotic effect through down-regulating cellular redox state including CD36 and PARP-γ expression in oxidative low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-treated RAW264.7 cells and on differentiated foam cells in ApoE Knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. Materials and Methods: The Korean polyherbal medicine DSE was prepared from three plants in the following proportions: 40 g of Salvia miltiorrhiza root, 4 g of Amomumxanthioides fruit, and 4 g of Santalum album lignum. The immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used for analysis of protein and mRNA involved in foam cell formation. Results: We first showed that effects of DSE on foam cell formation in both oxLDL-induced RAW264.7 cells and in blood vessels from apolipoprotein E deficientApoE-/- mice with high fat diet-fed. DSE treatment significantly reduced the expression of CD36 and PPAR-γ in oxLDL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and ApoE-/-mice, in the latter case by regulating heme oxygenase-1. Furthermore, DSE treatment also reduced cellular lipid content in vitro and in vivo experiments. Conclusion: Our data suggest that DSE may have anti-atherosclerotic properties through regulating foam cell formation. SUMMARY Dansameum extract (DSE) Regulates the expression of CD36 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in oxidative low-density lipoprotein-stimulated RAW264.7 Cells and ApoE Knockout (ApoE Knockout [ApoE-/-]) mice DSE Regulates Cholesterol Levels in the Serum of ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice DSE Reduced the Formation of Foam Cells by Regulating heme oxygenase-1 in ApoE-/- mice with high fat diet-fed.
Abbreviations used: DSE: Dansameum extract, PPAR-γ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1, CVD: Cardiovascular diseases
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Seo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Ahn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Pa Lee
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hong Cheon
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibong Kim
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Müllebner A, Dorighello GG, Kozlov AV, Duvigneau JC. Interaction between Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species, Heme Oxygenase, and Nitric Oxide Synthase Stimulates Phagocytosis in Macrophages. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 4:252. [PMID: 29404326 PMCID: PMC5786743 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system that populate every organ. They are required not only for defense against invading pathogens and tissue repair but also for maintenance of tissue homeostasis and iron homeostasis. Aim The aim of this study is to understand whether heme oxygenase (HO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) contribute to the regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) activity and phagocytosis, two key components of macrophage function. Methods This study was carried out using resting J774A.1 macrophages treated with hemin or vehicle. Activity of NOS, HO, or NOX was inhibited using specific inhibitors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was determined by Amplex® red assay, and phagocytosis was measured using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bacteria. In addition, we analyzed the fate of the intracellular heme by using electron spin resonance. Results We show that both enzymes NOS and HO are essential for phagocytic activity of macrophages. NOS does not directly affect phagocytosis, but stimulates NOX activity via nitric oxide-triggered ROS production of mitochondria. Treatment of macrophages with hemin results in intracellular accumulation of ferrous heme and an inhibition of phagocytosis. In contrast to NOS, HO products, including carbon monoxide, neither clearly affect NOX activity nor clearly affect phagocytosis, but phagocytosis is accelerated by HO-mediated degradation of heme. Conclusion Both enzymes contribute to the bactericidal activity of macrophages independently, by controlling different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Müllebner
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel G Dorighello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kim W, Lee HN, Jang JH, Kim SH, Lee YH, Hahn YI, Ngo HKC, Choi Y, Joe Y, Chung HT, Chen Y, Cha YN, Surh YJ. 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14-Prostaglandin J 2 Exerts Proresolving Effects Through Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2-Induced Expression of CD36 and Heme Oxygenase-1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1412-1431. [PMID: 28398824 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) has been shown to rescue cells from inflammatory insults and to participate in the resolution of acute inflammation. In this study, we investigated molecular mechanisms underlying proresolving effects of 15d-PGJ2. RESULTS 15d-PGJ2 injected into the peritoneum of mice facilitated the resolution of zymosan A-induced peritonitis. 15d-PGJ2 administration reduced the number of total leukocytes and attenuated polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. Furthermore, 15d-PGJ2 increased the proportion of macrophages engulfing apoptotic neutrophils, a process called efferocytosis. In addition, when the thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with 15d-PGJ2, their efferocytic activity was amplified. In another experiment, RAW264.7 murine macrophages exposed to 15d-PGJ2 conducted phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells to a greater extent than the control cells. Under these conditions, expression of CD36 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was enhanced along with increased accumulation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the nucleus. Knockdown of Nrf2 abolished 15d-PGJ2-induced expression of CD36 and HO-1, and silencing of CD36 and HO-1 attenuated 15d-PGJ2-induced efferocytosis. Moreover, peritoneal macrophages isolated from Nrf2-null mice failed to upregulate 15d-PGJ2-induced expression of CD36 and HO-1 and to mediate efferocytosis. Unlike 15d-PGJ2, its nonelectrophilic analog 9,10-dihydro-15d-PGJ2 lacking the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group could not induce CD36 expression and efferocytosis. INNOVATION 15d-PGJ2, as one of the terminal products of cyclooxygenase-2, exerts proresolving effects through induction of efferocytosis. The results of this study suggest that 15d-PGJ2 possesses a therapeutic value in the management of inflammatory disorders. CONCLUSION 15d-PGJ2 facilitates resolution of inflammation by inducing Nrf2-induced expression of CD36 and HO-1 in macrophages. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1412-1431.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonki Kim
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Jang
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Hwa Lee
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Hahn
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang-Kieu-Chi Ngo
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseo Choi
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan , Meta-Inflammation Basic Research Laboratory, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan , Meta-Inflammation Basic Research Laboratory, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingqing Chen
- 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan , Meta-Inflammation Basic Research Laboratory, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Nam Cha
- 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Inha University , Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- 1 Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,5 Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Madrigal-Matute J, Martinez-Pinna R, Ramos-Mozo P, Blanco-Colio L, Moreno J, Tarin C, Burillo E, Fernandez-Garcia C, Egido J, Meilhac O, Michel JB, Martin-Ventura J. Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets as a source of oxidative stress in chronic vascular diseases: Detoxifying mechanisms and potential therapeutic options. Thromb Haemost 2017; 108:435-42. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-04-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SummaryOxidative stress is involved in the chronic pathological vascular remodelling of both abdominal aortic aneurysm and occlusive atherosclerosis. Red blood cells (RBCs), leukocytes and platelets present in both, aneurysmal intraluminal thrombus and intraplaque haemorraghes, could be involved in the redox imbalance inside diseased arterial tissues. RBCs haemolysis may release the pro-oxidant haemoglobin (Hb), which transfers heme to tissue and low-density lipoproteins. Heme-iron potentiates molecular, cell and tissue toxicity mediated by leukocytes and other sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils release myeloperoxidase and, along with activated platelets, produce superoxide mediated by NADPH oxidase, causing oxidative damage. In response to this pro-oxidant milieu, several anti-oxidant molecules of plasma or cell origin can prevent ROS production. Free Hb binds to haptoglobin (Hp) and once Hp-Hb complex is endocytosed by CD163, liberated heme is converted into less toxic compounds by heme oxygenase-1. Iron homeostasis is mainly regulated by transferrin, which transports ferric ions to other cells. Transferrin-bound iron is internalised via endocytosis mediated by transferrin receptor. Once inside the cell, iron is mainly stored by ferritin. Other non hemo-iron related antioxidant enzymes (e.g. superoxide dismutase, catalase, thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin) are also involved in redox modulation in vascular remodelling. Oxidative stress is a main determinant of chronic pathological remodelling of the arterial wall, partially linked to the presence of RBCs, leukocytes, platelets and oxidised fibrin within tissue and to the imbalance between pro-/anti-oxidant molecules. Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying redox imbalance could help to define novel potential targets to decrease atherothrombotic risk.
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Lack of Heme Oxygenase-1 Induces Inflammatory Reaction and Proliferation of Muscle Satellite Cells after Cardiotoxin-Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:491-506. [PMID: 29169990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, Hmox1) regulates viability, proliferation, and differentiation of many cell types; hence, it may affect regeneration of injured skeletal muscle. Here, we injected cardiotoxin into gastrocnemius muscle of Hmox1+/+ and Hmox1-/- animals and analyzed cellular response after muscle injury, focusing on muscle satellite cells (SCs), inflammatory reaction, fibrosis, and formation of new blood vessels. HO-1 is strongly induced after muscle injury, being expressed mostly in the infiltrating leukocytes (CD45+ cells), including macrophages (F4/80+ cells). Lack of HO-1 augments skeletal muscle injury, evidenced by increased creatinine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-6, IL-1β, and insulin-like growth factor-1. This, together with disturbed proportion of M1/M2 macrophages, accompanied by enhanced formation of arterioles, may be responsible for shift of Hmox1-/- myofiber size distribution toward larger one. Importantly, HO-1-deficient SCs are prone to activation and have higher proliferation on injury. This effect can be partially mimicked by stimulation of Hmox1+/+ SCs with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-6, IL-1β, and is associated with increased MyoD expression, suggesting that Hmox1-/- SCs are shifted toward more differentiated myogenic population. However, multiple rounds of degeneration/regeneration in conditions of HO-1 deficiency may lead to exhaustion of SC pool, and the number of SCs is decreased in old Hmox1-/- mice. In summary, HO-1 modulates muscle repair mechanisms preventing its uncontrolled acceleration.
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Violi F, Loffredo L, Carnevale R, Pignatelli P, Pastori D. Atherothrombosis and Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Management in Elderly. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1083-1124. [PMID: 28816059 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs) increases with age, representing the main cause of death in an elderly population. Aging is associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may affect clotting and platelet activation, and impair endothelial function, thus predisposing elderly patients to thrombotic complications. Recent Advances: There is increasing evidence to suggest that aging is associated with an imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Thus, upregulation of ROS-producing enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and myeloperoxidase, along with downregulation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, occurs during aging. This imbalance may predispose to thrombosis by enhancing platelet and clotting activation and eliciting endothelial dysfunction. Recently, gut-derived products, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and lipopolysaccharide, are emerging as novel atherosclerotic risk factors, and gut microbiota composition has been shown to change by aging, and may concur with the increased cardiovascular risk in the elderly. CRITICAL ISSUES Antioxidant treatment is ineffective in patients at risk or with cardiovascular disease. Further, anti-thrombotic treatment seems to work less in the elderly population. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Interventional trials with antioxidants targeting enzymes implicated in aging-related atherothrombosis are warranted to explore whether modulation of redox status is effective in lowering CVEs in the elderly. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1083-1124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Violi
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy .,2 Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome , Latina, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
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The Role of Nrf2 in Cardiovascular Function and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9237263. [PMID: 29104732 PMCID: PMC5618775 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9237263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), hydrogen sulphide, and hydrogen peroxide play an important role in both intracellular and intercellular signaling; however, their production and quenching need to be closely regulated to prevent cellular damage. An imbalance, due to exogenous sources of free radicals and chronic upregulation of endogenous production, contributes to many pathological conditions including cardiovascular disease and also more general processes involved in aging. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2; commonly known as Nrf2) is a transcription factor that plays a major role in the dynamic regulation of a network of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, through binding to and activating expression of promoters containing the antioxidant response element (ARE). Nrf2 activity is regulated by many mechanisms, suggesting that tight control is necessary for normal cell function and both hypoactivation and hyperactivation of Nrf2 are indicated in playing a role in different aspects of cardiovascular disease. Targeted activation of Nrf2 or downstream genes may prove to be a useful avenue in developing therapeutics to reduce the impact of cardiovascular disease. We will review the current status of Nrf2 and related signaling in cardiovascular disease and its relevance to current and potential treatment strategies.
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