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Somacal S, Schüler da Silva LC, de Oliveira J, Emanuelli T, Fabro de Bem A. Bixin, a New Atheroprotective Carotenoid Candidate, Prevents oxLDL-Induced Cytotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Macrophages: Involvement of the Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways. Foods 2024; 13:2002. [PMID: 38998509 PMCID: PMC11241531 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and its toxicity in the arterial wall have been implicated in atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the atheroprotective effect of bixin, a carotenoid obtained from the seeds of the tropical plant Bixa orellana, on Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation and oxLDL-mediated effects in J774A.1 macrophage cells. Bixin's effects were compared to those of lycopene, a carotenoid widely studied for its cardiovascular protective effects. LDL was isolated from human plasma, incubated with bixin or lycopene (positive control), and subjected to oxidation with CuSO4. Afterward, bixin or lycopene was incubated with J774A.1 macrophage cells and exposed to oxLDL. The levels of ROS, RNS, GSH, nitrite, mitochondrial function, and foam cell formation, as well as the expression of proteins related to the antioxidant and inflammatory status, were evaluated. The effect of bixin in inhibiting in vitro human-isolated LDL oxidation was more potent (5-6-fold) than that of lycopene. Bixin pretreatment reduced the atherogenic signaling triggered by oxLDL in the macrophages, namely the generation of reactive species, disturbance of nitric oxide homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and foam cell formation. The cytoprotective effects of bixin were accompanied by the upregulation of Nrf2 and the downregulation of the NF-kB pathways. Lycopene showed the same protective effect as bixin, except that it did not prevent mitochondrial dysfunction. The efficient performance of bixin makes it an ideal candidate for further trials as a new nutraceutical compound for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Somacal
- Graduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jade de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Laboratory of Bioenergetic and Metabolism, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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2
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Geng S, Zhang Y, Lu R, Irimia D, Li L. Resolving neutrophils through genetic deletion of TRAM attenuate atherosclerosis pathogenesis. iScience 2024; 27:110097. [PMID: 38883832 PMCID: PMC11179630 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic neutrophil dysregulation contributes to atherosclerosis pathogenesis, and restoring neutrophil homeostasis may be beneficial for treating atherosclerosis. Herein, we report that a homeostatic resolving subset of neutrophils exists in mice and humans characterized by the low expression of TRAM, correlated with reduced expression of inflammatory mediators (leukotriene B4 [LTB4] and elastase) and elevated expression of anti-inflammatory resolving mediators (resolvin D1 [RvD1] and CD200R). TRAM-deficient neutrophils can potently improve vascular integrity and suppress atherosclerosis pathogenesis when adoptively transfused into recipient atherosclerotic animals. Mechanistically, we show that TRAM deficiency correlates with reduced expression of 5-lipoxygenase (LOX5) activating protein (LOX5AP), dislodges nuclear localization of LOX5, and switches the lipid mediator secretion from pro-inflammatory LTB4 to pro-resolving RvD1. TRAM also serves as a stress sensor of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and/or free cholesterol and triggers inflammatory signaling processes that facilitate elastase release. Together, our study defines a unique neutrophil population characterized by reduced TRAM, capable of homeostatic resolution and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061, USA
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Center for Engineering in Medicine & Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061, USA
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Geng S, Wu Y, Li L. Immune Homeostasis Maintenance Through Advanced Immune Therapeutics to Target Atherosclerosis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2782:25-37. [PMID: 38622390 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3754-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of coronary heart disease (CHD) with enormous health and societal tolls. Traditional drug development approaches have been focused on small molecule-based compounds that aim to lower plasma lipids and reduce systemic inflammation, two primary causes of atherosclerosis. However, despite the widely available lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory small compounds and biologic agents, CHD prevalence still remains high. Based on recent advances revealing disrupted immune homeostasis during atherosclerosis pathogenesis, novel strategies aimed at rejuvenating immune homeostasis with engineered immune leukocytes are being developed. This chapter aims to assess basic and translational efforts on these emerging strategies for the effective development of atherosclerosis treatment, as well as key challenges in this important translational field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Liu H, Wang H, Li Q, Wang Y, He Y, Li X, Sun C, Ergonul O, Can F, Pang Z, Zhang B, Hu Y. LPS adsorption and inflammation alleviation by polymyxin B-modified liposomes for atherosclerosis treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3817-3833. [PMID: 37719368 PMCID: PMC10501887 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is critical in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis (AS). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level in the circulation system is elevated in AS patients and animal models, which is correlated with the severity of AS. Inspired by the underlying mechanism that LPS could drive the polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, aggravate inflammation, and ultimately contribute to the exacerbation of AS, LPS in the circulation system was supposed to be the therapeutic target for AS treatment. In the present study, polymyxin (PMB) covalently conjugated to PEGylated liposomes (PLPs) were formulated to adsorb LPS through specific interactions between PMB and LPS. In vitro, the experiments demonstrated that PLPs could adsorb LPS, reduce the polarization of macrophages to M1 phenotype and inhibit the formation of foam cells. In vivo, the study revealed that PLPs treatment reduced the serum levels of LPS and pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased the proportion of M1-type macrophages in AS plaque, stabilized AS plaque, and downsized the plaque burdens in arteries, which eventually attenuated the progression of AS. Our study highlighted LPS in the circulation system as the therapeutic target for AS and provided an alternative strategy for AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Liu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Honglan Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qiyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ying He
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuejing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Onder Ergonul
- Koç University Iş Bank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), Lnfectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Koç University School of Medicine and American Hospital, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Füsun Can
- Koç University Iş Bank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), Lnfectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Koç University School of Medicine and American Hospital, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Sanchez B, Ferraro S, Josset-Lamaugarny A, Pagnon A, Hee CK, Nakab L, Sigaudo-Roussel D, Fromy B. Skin Cell and Tissue Responses to Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid in Low-Grade Inflammatory Conditions. Int J Inflam 2023; 2023:3001080. [PMID: 37663889 PMCID: PMC10474960 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), used in a variety of medical applications, is associated in rare instances to long-term adverse effects. Although the aetiology of these events is unknown, a number of hypotheses have been proposed, including low molecular weight of HA (LMW-HA) in the filler products. We hypothesized that cross-linked HA and its degradation products, in a low-grade inflammatory microenvironment, could impact immune responses that could affect cell behaviours in the dermis. Using two different cross-linking technologies VYC-15L and HYC-24L+, and their hyaluronidase-induced degradation products, we observed for nondegraded HA, VYC-15L and HYC-24L+, a moderate and transient increase in IL-1β, TNF-α in M1 macrophages under low-grade inflammatory conditions. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts were preconditioned using inflammatory medium produced by M1 macrophages. 24 h after LMW-HA fragments and HA stimulation, no cytokine was released in these preconditioned cells. To further characterize HA responses, we used a novel in vivo murine model exhibiting a systemic low-grade inflammatory phenotype. The intradermal injection of VYC-15L and its degradation products induced an inflammation and cell infiltration into the skin that was more pronounced than those by HYC-24L+. This acute cutaneous inflammation was likely due to mechanical effects due to filler injection and tissue integration rather than its biological effects on inflammation. VYC-15L and its degradation product potentiated microvascular response to acetylcholine in the presence of a low-grade inflammation. The different responses with 2D cell models and mouse model using the two tested cross-linking HA technologies showed the importance to use integrative complex model to better understand the effects of HA products according to inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sanchez
- Laboratoire Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5305, LBTI, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon cedex 7, France
- University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, LBTI, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon cedex 7, France
| | - Sandra Ferraro
- Laboratoire Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5305, LBTI, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon cedex 7, France
- University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, LBTI, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon cedex 7, France
| | - Audrey Josset-Lamaugarny
- Laboratoire Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5305, LBTI, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon cedex 7, France
- University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, LBTI, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon cedex 7, France
| | - Aurélie Pagnon
- NOVOTEC, ZAC du Chêne Europarc, 11 Rue Edison, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Charlie K. Hee
- Allergan Aesthetics, An AbbVie Company, 2525 Dupont Dr., Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Lauren Nakab
- Allergan Aesthetics, An AbbVie Company, 2525 Dupont Dr., Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Dominique Sigaudo-Roussel
- Laboratoire Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5305, LBTI, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon cedex 7, France
- University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, LBTI, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon cedex 7, France
| | - Bérengère Fromy
- Laboratoire Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5305, LBTI, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon cedex 7, France
- University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, LBTI, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon cedex 7, France
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Geiger M, Oppi S, Nusser-Stein S, Costantino S, Mohammed SA, Gorica E, Hoogerland JA, Matter CM, Guillaumon AT, Ruschitzka F, Paneni F, Oosterveer MH, Stein S. Genetic deletion of hepatic NCOR1 protects from atherosclerosis by promoting alternative bile acid-metabolism and sterol excretion. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:144. [PMID: 37349757 PMCID: PMC10288794 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression in immunometabolic conditions by connecting chromatin-modifying enzymes, coregulators and transcription factors. NCOR1 has been shown to be involved in cardiometabolic diseases. Recently, we demonstrated that the deletion of macrophage NCOR1 aggravates atherosclerosis by promoting CD36-triggered foam cell formation via PPARG derepression. PURPOSE Since NCOR1 modulates the function of several key regulators involved in hepatic lipid and bile acid metabolism, we hypothesized that its deletion in hepatocytes alters lipid metabolism and atherogenesis. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we generated hepatocyte-specific Ncor1 knockout mice on a Ldlr-/- background. Besides assessing the progression of the disease in thoracoabdominal aortae en face, we analyzed hepatic cholesterol and bile acid metabolism at expression and functional levels. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that liver-specific Ncor1 knockout mice on an atherosclerosis-prone background develop less atherosclerotic lesions than controls. Interestingly, under chow diet, plasma cholesterol levels of liver-specific Ncor1 knockout mice were slightly higher compared to control, but strongly reduced compared to control mice after feeding them an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. Moreover, the hepatic cholesterol content was decreased in liver-specific Ncor1 knockout compared to control mice. Our mechanistic data revealed that NCOR1 reprograms the synthesis of bile acids towards the alternative pathway, which in turn reduce bile hydrophobicity and enhances fecal cholesterol excretion. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that hepatic Ncor1 deletion in mice decreases atherosclerosis development by reprograming bile acid metabolism and enhancing fecal cholesterol excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Geiger
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
| | - Sara Oppi
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Nusser-Stein
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq Ahmed Mohammed
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Era Gorica
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Joanne A Hoogerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana T Guillaumon
- Vascular Diseases Discipline, Clinics Hospital of the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maaike H Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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Chang S, Zhang G, Li L, Li H, Jin X, Wang Y, Li B. Sirt4 deficiency promotes the development of atherosclerosis by activating the NF-κB/IκB/CXCL2/3 pathway. Atherosclerosis 2023; 373:29-37. [PMID: 37121164 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS As a member of mitochondrial sirtuins, Sirt4 plays a vital role in cellular metabolism and intracellular signal transduction; however, its effect on atherosclerosis is unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of Sirt4 on atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanism. METHODS In vivo, Apoe-/- and Apoe-/-/Sirt4-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce atherosclerosis. In vitro, peritoneal macrophages from two mouse types were extracted and treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein to establish a cell model, THP-1 cells were used to observe the effect of Sirt4 on the adhesion ability of monocytes. The growth and composition of aortic plaques in two mouse types were analyzed by H&E staining, Oil Red O staining, Dil oxidized low-density lipoprotein, immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transcriptome analysis and Western blotting were performed to explore the specific mechanism. RESULTS Sirt4 deficiency aggravated atherosclerosis in mice. In vivo, aortic plaque size, lipid content, and expression of related inflammatory factors in Apoe-/-/Sirt4-/- mice were higher than those in the control group, whereas the content of collagen Ⅰ and smooth muscle actin-α was significantly lower. Sirt4-deficient macrophages exhibited stronger lipid phagocytosis in vitro, and the adhesion ability of monocytes increased when Sirt4 expression decreased. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of CXCL2 and CXCL3 in Sirt4-deficient peritoneal macrophages increased significantly, which may play a role by activating the NF-κB pathway. In further analysis, the results in vitro and in vivo showed that the expression of VCAM-1 and pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β, increased, whereas the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-37 decreased in Sirt4-deficient peritoneal macrophages and tissues. After blocking the effect with NK-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082, the inflammatory reaction in sirt4 deficient macrophages was also significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that Sirt4 deficiency promotes the development of atherosclerosis by activating the NF-κB/IκB/CXCL2/3 pathway, suggesting that Sirt4 may exhibit a protective effect in atherosclerosis, which provides a new strategy for clinical prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, NO.10, South Shanghai Road, Zibo, PR China; Weifang Medical University, No.7166, Baotong West Street, Weifang, PR China
| | - Guanzhao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, NO.10, South Shanghai Road, Zibo, PR China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 10, South Shanghai Road, Zibo, PR China
| | - Haiying Li
- Medical Department, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 10, South Shanghai Road, Zibo, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Department of Geriatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 10, South Shanghai Road, Zibo, PR China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, PR China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, NO.10, South Shanghai Road, Zibo, PR China.
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Cen Y, Xiong Y, Qin R, Tao H, Yang Q, Pan X. Anti-malarial artesunate ameliorates atherosclerosis by modulating arterial inflammatory responses via inhibiting the NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1123700. [PMID: 36817159 PMCID: PMC9931906 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1123700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS), and involves a complex interplay between blood components, macrophages, and arterial wall. Therefore, it is valuable in the development of targeted therapies to treat AS. Methods: AS rat model was induced by atherogenic diet plus with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then treated by anti-malarial artesunate (Art), a succinate derivative of artemisinin. The arterial morphology was observed after Oil red O, hematoxylin-eosin, and Masson's staining. The arterial protein level was detected by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. The expression level of mRNA was determined by PCR array or real-time PCR. Results: Herein, we showed that Art possessed a dose-dependently protective effect on AS rats. In detail, Art showed a comparable inhibitory effect on arterial plaque and serum lipids compared to those of rosuvastatin (RS), and further showed a better inhibition on arterial lipid deposition and arterial remodeling comprised of arterial wall thicken and vascular collagen deposition, than those of RS. The improvement of Art on AS rats was related to inhibit arterial macrophage recruitment, and inhibit nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-related excessive arterial inflammatory responses. Critically, Art showed significant inhibition on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in both arterial wall and arterial macrophages, by down-regulating the expression of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) and apoptosis associated speckle-like protein containing CARD (ASC), leading to less production of the NLRP3 inflammasome-derived caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, and subsequent transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in AS rats. Conclusion: We propose that Art is an anti-AS agent acts through modulating the arterial inflammatory responses via inhibiting the NF-κB - NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Sumida K, Han Z, Chiu CY, Mims TS, Bajwa A, Demmer RT, Datta S, Kovesdy CP, Pierre JF. Circulating Microbiota in Cardiometabolic Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:892232. [PMID: 35592652 PMCID: PMC9110890 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.892232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid expansion of microbiota research has significantly advanced our understanding of the complex interactions between gut microbiota and cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal system regulation. Low-grade chronic inflammation has long been implicated as one of the key mechanisms underlying cardiometabolic disease risk and progression, even before the insights provided by gut microbiota research in the past decade. Microbial translocation into the bloodstream can occur via different routes, including through the oral and/or intestinal mucosa, and may contribute to chronic inflammation in cardiometabolic disease. Among several gut-derived products identifiable in the systemic circulation, bacterial endotoxins and metabolites have been extensively studied, however recent advances in microbial DNA sequencing have further allowed us to identify highly diverse communities of microorganisms in the bloodstream from an -omics standpoint, which is termed "circulating microbiota." While detecting microorganisms in the bloodstream was historically considered as an indication of infection, evidence on the circulating microbiota is continually accumulating in various patient populations without clinical signs of infection and even in otherwise healthy individuals. Moreover, both quantitative and compositional alterations of the circulating microbiota have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory conditions, potentially through their immunostimulatory, atherogenic, and cardiotoxic properties. In this mini review, we aim to provide recent evidence on the characteristics and roles of circulating microbiota in several cardiometabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease, with highlights of our emerging findings on circulating microbiota in patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Sumida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Keiichi Sumida,
| | - Zhongji Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Chi-Yang Chiu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Tahliyah S. Mims
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ryan T. Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susmita Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Csaba P. Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Nephrology Section, Memphis Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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10
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Su W, Liang L, Zhou L, Cao Y, Zhou X, Liu S, Wang Q, Zhang H. Macrophage Paired Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor B Deficiency Promotes Peripheral Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:783954. [PMID: 35321392 PMCID: PMC8936951 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.783954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Peripheral atherosclerotic disease (PAD) is the narrowing or blockage of arteries that supply blood to the lower limbs. Given its complex nature, bioinformatics can help identify crucial genes involved in the progression of peripheral atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: Raw human gene expression data for 462 PAD arterial plaque and 23 normal arterial samples were obtained from the GEO database. The data was analyzed using an integrated, multi-layer approach involving differentially-expressed gene analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, GO term enrichment analysis, weighted gene correlation network analysis, and protein-protein interaction analysis. The monocyte/macrophage-expressed leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 (LILRB2) was strongly associated with the human PAD phenotype. To explore the role of the murine LILRB2 homologue PirB in vivo, we created a myeloid-specific PirB-knockout Apoe−/− murine model of PAD (PirBMΦKO) to analyze femoral atherosclerotic burden, plaque features of vulnerability, and monocyte recruitment to femoral atherosclerotic lesions. The phenotypes of PirBMΦKO macrophages under various stimuli were also investigated in vitro. Results:PirBMΦKO mice displayed increased femoral atherogenesis, a more vulnerable plaque phenotype, and enhanced monocyte recruitment into lesions. PirBMΦKO macrophages showed enhanced pro-inflammatory responses and a shift toward M1 over M2 polarization under interferon-γ and oxidized LDL exposure. PirBMΦKO macrophages also displayed enhanced efferocytosis and reduced lipid efflux under lipid exposure. Conclusion: Macrophage PirB reduces peripheral atherosclerotic burden, stabilizes peripheral plaque composition, and suppresses macrophage accumulation in peripheral lesions. Macrophage PirB inhibits pro-inflammatory activation, inhibits efferocytosis, and promotes lipid efflux, characteristics critical to suppressing peripheral atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Su
- Department of Cardiology, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Liwen Liang
- Department of Cardiology, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Cardiology, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xiuli Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Zhang,
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Geng S, Pradhan K, Li L. Signal-Strength and History-Dependent Innate Immune Memory Dynamics in Health and Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 276:23-41. [PMID: 34085119 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity exhibits memory characteristics, reflected not only in selective recognition of external microbial or internal damage signals, but more importantly in history and signal-strength dependent reprogramming of innate leukocytes characterized by priming, tolerance, and exhaustion. Key innate immune cells such as monocytes and neutrophils can finely discern and attune to the duration and intensity of external signals through rewiring of internal signaling circuitries, giving rise to a vast array of discreet memory phenotypes critically relevant to managing tissue homeostasis as well as diverse repertoires of inflammatory conditions. This review will highlight recent advances in this rapidly expanding field of innate immune programming and memory, as well as its translational implication in the pathophysiology of selected inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kisha Pradhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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12
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Zubair K, You C, Kwon G, Kang K. Two Faces of Macrophages: Training and Tolerance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111596. [PMID: 34829825 PMCID: PMC8615871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are present in almost all body tissues. They detect and quickly respond to “environmental signals” in the tissue. Macrophages have been associated with numerous beneficial roles, such as host defense, wound healing, and tissue regeneration; however, they have also been linked to the development of diverse illnesses, particularly cancers and autoimmune disorders. Complex signaling, epigenetic, and metabolic pathways drive macrophage training and tolerance. The induced intracellular program differs depending on the type of initial stimuli and the tissue microenvironment. Due to the essential roles of macrophages in homeostatic and their association with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, recent studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of macrophage training and tolerance. This review discusses the role of factors involved in macrophage training and tolerance, along with the current studies in human diseases.
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13
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Geng S, Zhang Y, Yi Z, Lu R, Li L. Resolving monocytes generated through TRAM deletion attenuate atherosclerosis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149651. [PMID: 34499622 PMCID: PMC8564896 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarization of low-grade inflammatory monocytes facilitates the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, underlying mechanisms as well as approaches for resolving monocyte polarization conducive to the regression of atherosclerosis are not well established. In this report, we demonstrate that TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM) mediated monocyte polarization in vivo and in vitro. TRAM controlled monocyte polarization through activating Src family kinase c-SRC, which not only induces STAT1/STAT5-regulated inflammatory mediators CCR2 and SIRP-α but also suppresses PPARγ-regulated resolving mediator CD200R. Enhanced PPARγ and Pex5 due to TRAM deficiency facilitated peroxisome homeostasis and reduction of cellular reactive oxygen species, further contributing to the establishment of a resolving monocyte phenotype. TRAM-deficient monocytes propagated the resolving phenotype to neighboring monocytes through CD200R-mediated intercellular communication. At the translational level, we show that TRAM-deficient mice were resistant to high-fat diet-induced pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We further document that intravenous transfusion of TRAM-deficient resolving monocytes into atherosclerotic mice potently reduced the progression of atherosclerosis. Together, our data reveal that targeting TRAM may facilitate the effective generation of resolving monocytes conducive for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences and
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences and
| | - Ziyue Yi
- Graduate Program of Genetics, Biotechnology and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences and
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences and
- Graduate Program of Genetics, Biotechnology and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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14
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Coronary atherosclerosis severity is closely associated with decreased GLP-1R positivity among CD16 + pro-inflammatory and patrolling monocyte subsets. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2021; 46:15-19. [PMID: 36643724 PMCID: PMC9833237 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) activation reduces pro-inflammatory responses of human monocytes, their accumulation in the vascular wall and foam cell formation inhibiting atherosclerogenesis. This suggests that reduction of circulating GLP-1-1R positive monocytes may have pro-atherogenic effects. It is unknown whether different CD14/CD16 monocytes subsets display GLP-1R and whether their relative proportions correlate with atherosclerosis severity. We evaluated the association between GLP-1R positivity in different CD14/CD16 monocyte subsets and coronary atherosclerosis severity. Methods Relative amounts of classical (CD14+/CD16-), intermediate pro-inflammatory (CD14+/CD16+) and non-classical patrolling (CD14-/CD16+) subsets of total circulating monocytes and the proportions of GLP-1R positive monocytes in these subsets were determined in 13 control subjects and 10 dyslipidemic ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients with severe angiographic proven coronary atherosclerosis using flow cytometry analysis. Atherosclerosis severity was calculated by SYNTAX score. Results In univariable analysis, severe atherosclerosis was associated with decreased proportion of classical monocytes and two fold increased CD16+ pro-inflammatory and patrolling subsets as compared with controls (p = 0.01, p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). Frequency of GLP-1R positive monocytes was decreased in both CD16+ subsets (p = 0.02 and p = 0.05, respectively) and negatively correlated with atherosclerosis severity (r = -0.65, p = 0.005 and r = -0.44, p = 0.05, respectively). Conclusions Increased skewing of the classical monocyte population toward CD16+ pro-inflammatory and patrolling subsets accompanied by decreased in GLP-1R positivity are associated with coronary atherosclerosis severity in IHD patients with dyslipidemia. Although the effect of potential confounders cannot be ruled out, our data suggest that failure of GLP-1R-dependent anti-inflammatory/anti-atherogenic control results in innate immune system dysfunction and can promote atherosclerogenesis.
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15
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Tang HX, Lin J, Xu CB, Chen G, Liao YJ, Lei NR, Li J. Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein upregulates mouse mesenteric arterial 5-HT 1B receptor in vivo via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Microvasc Res 2021; 139:104260. [PMID: 34624308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) upregulates mesenteric arterial 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B (5-HT1B) receptor expression by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into the following groups: the normal saline (NS), LDL, mmLDL, mmLDL+galiellactone (GL, a JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibitor), and mmLDL+DMSO groups. The dose-response curve of mesenteric arterial ring constriction after administration of 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT), an agonist of 5-HT1B, was recorded with a microvascular tensiometer. JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, p-STAT3, and 5-HT1B receptor protein expression levels were determined by Western blotting. 5-HT1B receptor mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. 5-HT1B receptor protein expression was determined by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Injection of mmLDL into the tail vein significantly increased the contractile dose-response curve after 5-CT stimulation, as the Emax was 82.15 ± 6.15% in the NS group and 171.88 ± 5.78% in the mmLDL group (P < 0.01); significantly elevated 5-HT1B receptor mRNA and protein expression levels; and significantly increased p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expression levels. After intraperitoneal injection of GL, the vasoconstrictive response was significantly reduced compared with that in the mmLDL group, as the Emax was decreased to 97.14 ± 1.20% (P < 0.01); 5-HT1B receptor mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly reduced; STAT3 phosphorylation and p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expression were not significantly changed; and 5-HT1B receptor expression was altered via inhibition of p-STAT3 binding to DNA, which suppressed transcription. CONCLUSIONS mmLDL can upregulate 5-HT1B receptor expression in mouse mesenteric arteries by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Tang
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hu'nan, China
| | - Jie Lin
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hu'nan, China
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gen Chen
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hu'nan, China
| | - Ya-Jie Liao
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hu'nan, China
| | - Ning-Ren Lei
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hu'nan, China
| | - Jie Li
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hu'nan, China.
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16
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Sumida K, Pierre JF, Han Z, Mims TS, Potukuchi PK, Yuzefpolskaya M, Colombo PC, Demmer RT, Datta S, Kovesdy CP. Circulating Microbial Signatures and Cardiovascular Death in Patients With ESRD. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:2617-2628. [PMID: 34622101 PMCID: PMC8484116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience disproportionately high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for the circulating microbiome in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease; however, little is known about its association with premature cardiovascular mortality in ESRD. METHODS In a pilot case-control study of 17 hemodialysis patients who died of a cardiovascular event and 17 matched hemodialysis controls who remained alive during a median follow-up of 2.0 years, we compared the levels and composition of circulating microbiome, including Bacteria, Archaea, and Fungi, in serum samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and 16S or Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing, respectively. Associations of the circulating cell-free microbial signatures with clinical parameters and cardiovascular death were examined using the Spearman rank correlation and multivariable conditional logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS Both 16S and ITS rRNA were detectable in all (except 3 for ITS) examined patients' serum samples. Despite no significant difference in 16S rRNA levels and α diversity between cases and controls, taxonomic analysis demonstrated differential community membership between groups, with significantly greater Actinobacteria and less Proteobacteria observed in cases than in controls at the phylum level. Proportions of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla were significantly correlated with plasma nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels (rho = -0.41 and 0.42, P = 0.015 and 0.013, respectively) and marginally associated with risk of cardiovascular death (adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] = 1.12 [0.98-1.29] and 0.88 [0.76-1.02] for 1% increase, respectively). CONCLUSION Alterations of the circulating cell-free microbial signatures may be associated with higher premature cardiovascular mortality in ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Sumida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhongji Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tahliyah S. Mims
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Potukuchi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paolo C. Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan T. Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susmita Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Csaba P. Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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17
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Pradhan K, Geng S, Zhang Y, Lin RC, Li L. TRAM-Related TLR4 Pathway Antagonized by IRAK-M Mediates the Expression of Adhesion/Coactivating Molecules on Low-Grade Inflammatory Monocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:2980-2988. [PMID: 34031144 PMCID: PMC8278277 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammatory monocytes critically contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. The elevated expression of coactivating molecule CD40 as well as key adhesion molecule CD11a is a critical signature of inflammatory monocytes from both human patients with coronary artery diseases as well as in animal models of atherosclerosis. In this study, we report that subclinical superlow-dose LPS, a key risk factor for low-grade inflammation and atherosclerosis, can potently trigger the induction of CD40 and CD11a on low-grade inflammatory monocytes. Subclinical endotoxin-derived monocytes demonstrate immune-enhancing effects and suppress the generation of regulatory CD8+CD122+ T cells, which further exacerbate the inflammatory environment conducive for chronic diseases. Mechanistically, subclinical endotoxemia activates TRAM-mediated signaling processes, leading to the activation of MAPK and STAT5, which is responsible for the expression of CD40 and CD11a. We also demonstrate that TRAM-mediated monocyte polarization can be suppressed by IRAK-M. IRAK-M-deficient monocytes have increased expression of TRAM, elevated induction of CD40 and CD11a by subclinical-dose endotoxin, and are more potent in suppressing the CD8 regulatory T cells. Mice with IRAK-M deficiency generate an increased population of inflammatory monocytes and a reduced population of CD8 T regulatory cells. In contrast, mice with TRAM deficiency exhibit a significantly reduced inflammatory monocyte population and an elevated CD8 T regulatory cell population. Together, our data reveal a competing intracellular circuitry involving TRAM and IRAK-M that modulate the polarization of low-grade inflammatory monocytes with an immune-enhancing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisha Pradhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Rui-Ci Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
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18
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Kurilenko N, Fatkhullina AR, Mazitova A, Koltsova EK. Act Locally, Act Globally-Microbiota, Barriers, and Cytokines in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020348. [PMID: 33562334 PMCID: PMC7915371 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the formation and progressive growth of atherosclerotic plaques in the wall of arteries. Atherosclerosis is a major predisposing factor for stroke and heart attack. Various immune-mediated mechanisms are implicated in the disease initiation and progression. Cytokines are key mediators of the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune cells as well as non-hematopoietic cells in the aortic wall and are emerging players in the regulation of atherosclerosis. Progression of atherosclerosis is always associated with increased local and systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The role of cytokines within atherosclerotic plaque has been extensively investigated; however, the cell-specific role of cytokine signaling, particularly the role of cytokines in the regulation of barrier tissues tightly associated with microbiota in the context of cardiovascular diseases has only recently come to light. Here, we summarize the knowledge about the function of cytokines at mucosal barriers and the interplay between cytokines, barriers, and microbiota and discuss their known and potential implications for atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurilenko
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.K.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Aleksandra Mazitova
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Ekaterina K. Koltsova
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.K.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Geiger MA, Guillaumon AT, Paneni F, Matter CM, Stein S. Role of the Nuclear Receptor Corepressor 1 (NCOR1) in Atherosclerosis and Associated Immunometabolic Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:569358. [PMID: 33117357 PMCID: PMC7578257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.569358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is part of chronic immunometabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Their common risk factors comprise hypertension, insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and dyslipidemias, such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, which are part of the metabolic syndrome. Immunometabolic diseases include chronic pathologies that are affected by both metabolic and inflammatory triggers and mediators. Important and challenging questions in this context are to reveal how metabolic triggers and their downstream signaling affect inflammatory processes and vice-versa. Along these lines, specific nuclear receptors sense changes in lipid metabolism and in turn induce downstream inflammatory and metabolic processes. The transcriptional activity of these nuclear receptors is regulated by the nuclear receptor corepressors (NCORs), including NCOR1. In this review we describe the function of NCOR1 as a central immunometabolic regulator and focus on its role in atherosclerosis and associated immunometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Geiger
- Vascular Diseases Discipline, Clinics Hospital of the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana T Guillaumon
- Vascular Diseases Discipline, Clinics Hospital of the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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LncRNA NRON alleviates atrial fibrosis through suppression of M1 macrophages activated by atrial myocytes. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:220726. [PMID: 31693733 PMCID: PMC6879354 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) non-coding repressor of NFAT (NRON) in the atrial fibrosis and to explore whether its underlying mechanism was associated with macrophage polarization. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines revealed that NRON overexpression suppressed, whereas NRON silencing facilitated the angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced inflammatory response in primary cultured atrial myocytes. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) results showed that nuclear factor of activated T cell 3 (NFATc3) was recruited to the promoter region of interleukin (IL) 12 (IL-12) in atrial myocytes. Further data showed that NRON overexpression suppressed, whereas NRON silencing further promoted the Ang II-induced NFATc3 nuclear transport and IL-12 expression in atrial myocytes. Moreover, RAW264.7 macrophages were incubated with the conditioned medium from the Ang II-treated atrial myocytes transfected with NRON and IL-12 overexpression vectors. IL-12 overexpression abrogated the NRON overexpression-mediated inhibition of RAW264.7 macrophage polarization to the M1-like phenotype. Additionally, mouse atrial fibroblasts were incubated with the culture medium from RAW264.7 macrophages treated as described above. IL-12 overexpression rescued the NRON overexpression-inhibited protein levels of fibrosis markers Collagen I/III in mouse atrial fibroblasts. Collectively, our data indicate that lncRNA NRON alleviates atrial fibrosis through suppression of M1 macrophages activated by atrial myocytes.
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21
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Youk H, Kim M, Lee CJ, Oh J, Park S, Kang SM, Kim JH, Ann SJ, Lee SH. Nlrp3, Csf3, and Edn1 in Macrophage Response to Saturated Fatty Acids and Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein. Korean Circ J 2020; 51:68-80. [PMID: 32975056 PMCID: PMC7779813 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2020.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The relationship between metabolic stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease is being studied steadily. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of palmitate (PA) and minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) on macrophages and to identify the associated pathways. Methods J774 macrophages were incubated with PA or mmLDL and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Secretion of inflammatory chemokines and the expression of corresponding genes were determined. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase was also assessed. RNA sequencing of macrophages was performed to identify the genes regulated by PA or mmLDL. Some of the genes regulated by the 2 agents were validated by knocking down the cells using small interfering RNA. Results PA or mmLDL promoted the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated macrophages, and this was accompanied by higher phosphorylation of ERK. RNA sequencing revealed dozens of genes that were regulated in this process, such as Csf3 and Edn1, which were affected by PA and mmLDL, respectively. These agents also increased Nlrp3 expression. The effect of Csf3 or Edn1 silencing on inflammation was modest, whereas toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 inhibition reduced a large proportion of macrophage activation. Conclusions We demonstrated that the proinflammatory milieu with high levels of PA or mmLDL promoted macrophage activation and the expression of associated genes such as Nlrp3, Csf3, and Edn1. Although the TLR4 pathway appeared to be most relevant, additional role of other genes in this process provided insights regarding the potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harin Youk
- Graduate Program of Science for Aging, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- Graduate Program of Science for Aging, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Joo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewon Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Min Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Ann
- Graduate Program of Science for Aging, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sang Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Rahtes A, Li L. Polarization of Low-Grade Inflammatory Monocytes Through TRAM-Mediated Up-Regulation of Keap1 by Super-Low Dose Endotoxin. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1478. [PMID: 32765513 PMCID: PMC7378438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical endotoxemia [low levels of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) in the blood stream] has been correlated with chronic inflammatory diseases, with less-understood mechanisms. We have previously shown that chronic exposure to super low doses of LPS polarizes monocytes/macrophages to a pro-inflammatory state characterized by up-regulation of pro-inflammatory regulators such as p62 and simultaneous down-regulation of anti-inflammatory/resolving regulators such as Nrf2. Building upon this observation, here we show that chronic exposure to super-low doses of LPS leads to accumulation of the Nrf2-inhibitory protein Keap1 in murine monocytes. This is accompanied by increases of p62 and MLKL, consistent with a disruption of autolysosome function in polarized monocytes challenged by super-low dose LPS. Monocytes subjected to persistent super-low dose LPS challenge also accumulate higher levels of IKKβ. As a consequence, SLD-LPS challenge leads to an inflammatory monocyte state represented by higher expression of the inflammatory marker Ly6C as well as lower expression of the anti-inflammatory marker CD200R. Further analysis revealed that Keap1 levels are significantly enriched in the Ly6Chi pro-inflammatory monocyte population. Finally, we show that the TLR4 signaling adaptor TRAM is essential for these effects. Together our study provides novel insight into signaling mechanisms behind low-grade inflammatory monocyte polarization unique to chronic super-low dose LPS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Rahtes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Hypomethylation of IL1RN and NFKB1 genes is linked to the dysbalance in IL1β/IL-1Ra axis in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233737. [PMID: 32470060 PMCID: PMC7259508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has received considerable attention in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Supporting this concept, enhanced expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and increased infiltration of macrophages are observed in pancreatic islets of patients with T2DM. Although IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) plays a major role in controlling of IL-1β-mediated inflammation, its counteraction effects and epigenetic alterations in T2DM are less studied. Thus, we aimed to analyze the DNA methylation status in IL1RN, RELA (p65) and NFKB1 (p50) genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from treated T2DM patients (n = 35) and age-/sex- matched healthy controls (n = 31). Production of IL-1β and IL-1Ra was analyzed in plasma and supernatants from LPS-induced PBMCs. Immunomodulatory effects of IL-1β and IL-1Ra were studied on THP-1 cells. Average DNA methylation level of IL1RN and NFKB1 gene promoters was significantly decreased in T2DM patients in comparison with healthy controls (P< 0.05), which was associated with the increased IL-1Ra (P< 0.001) and IL-1β (P = 0.039) plasma levels in T2DM patients. Negative association between average methylation of IL1RN gene and IL-1Ra plasma levels were observed in female T2DM patients. Methylation of NFKB1 gene was negatively correlated with IL-1Ra levels in the patients and positively with IL-1β levels in female patients. LPS-stimulated PBMCs from female patients failed to raise IL-1β production, while the cells from healthy females increased IL-1β production in comparison with unstimulated cells (P< 0.001). Taken together, the findings suggest that hypomethylation of IL1RN and NFKB1 gene promoters may promote the increased IL-1β/IL-1Ra production and regulate chronic inflammation in T2DM. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the causal direction of these associations and potential role of IL-1Ra in anti-inflammatory processes in treated patients with T2DM.
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Gorabi AM, Penson PE, Banach M, Motallebnezhad M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Epigenetic control of atherosclerosis via DNA methylation: A new therapeutic target? Life Sci 2020; 253:117682. [PMID: 32387418 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which lipid-laden plaques are developed inside the vessel walls of arteries. The immune system is activated, resulting in inflammation and oxidative stress. Endothelial cells (ECs) are activated, arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferate, macrophages are activated, and foam cells are developed, leading to dysfunctional ECs. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs are involved in the modulation of genes that play distinct roles in several aspects of cell biology and physiology, hence linking environmental stimuli to gene regulation. Recent research has investigated the involvement of DNA methylation in the etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and several studies have documented the role of this mechanism in various aspects of the disease. Regulation of DNA methylation plays a critical role in the integrity of ECs, SMC proliferation and formation of atherosclerotic lesions. In this review, we seek to clarify the role of DNA methylation in the development of atherosclerosis through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter E Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Signaling Pathways Potentially Responsible for Foam Cell Formation: Cholesterol Accumulation or Inflammatory Response-What is First? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082716. [PMID: 32295185 PMCID: PMC7216009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of lipid-laden (foam) cells in the arterial wall is known to be the earliest step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. There is almost no doubt that atherogenic modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are the main sources of accumulating lipids in foam cells. Atherogenic modified LDL are taken up by arterial cells, such as macrophages, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells in an unregulated manner bypassing the LDL receptor. The present study was conducted to reveal possible common mechanisms in the interaction of macrophages with associates of modified LDL and non-lipid latex particles of a similar size. To determine regulatory pathways that are potentially responsible for cholesterol accumulation in human macrophages after the exposure to naturally occurring atherogenic or artificially modified LDL, we used transcriptome analysis. Previous studies of our group demonstrated that any type of LDL modification facilitates the self-association of lipoprotein particles. The size of such self-associates hinders their interaction with a specific LDL receptor. As a result, self-associates are taken up by nonspecific phagocytosis bypassing the LDL receptor. That is why we used latex beads as a stimulator of macrophage phagocytotic activity. We revealed at least 12 signaling pathways that were regulated by the interaction of macrophages with the multiple-modified atherogenic naturally occurring LDL and with latex beads in a similar manner. Therefore, modified LDL was shown to stimulate phagocytosis through the upregulation of certain genes. We have identified at least three genes (F2RL1, EIF2AK3, and IL15) encoding inflammatory molecules and associated with signaling pathways that were upregulated in response to the interaction of modified LDL with macrophages. Knockdown of two of these genes, EIF2AK3 and IL15, completely suppressed cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. Correspondingly, the upregulation of EIF2AK3 and IL15 promoted cholesterol accumulation. These data confirmed our hypothesis of the following chain of events in atherosclerosis: LDL particles undergo atherogenic modification; this is accompanied by the formation of self-associates; large LDL associates stimulate phagocytosis; as a result of phagocytosis stimulation, pro-inflammatory molecules are secreted; these molecules cause or at least contribute to the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol. This chain of events may explain the relationship between cholesterol accumulation and inflammation. The primary sequence of events in this chain is related to inflammatory response rather than cholesterol accumulation.
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Russo L, Muir L, Geletka L, Delproposto J, Baker N, Flesher C, O'Rourke R, Lumeng CN. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) as a promoter of adipose tissue inflammation in obesity and diabetes. Mol Metab 2020; 39:100983. [PMID: 32229247 PMCID: PMC7267735 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Expansion of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and metabolic inflammation are consequences of obesity and associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Metabolically activated adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) undergo qualitative and quantitative changes that influence their inflammatory responses. How these cells contribute to insulin resistance (IR) in humans is not well understood. Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase (CH25H) converts cholesterol into 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), an oxysterol that modulates immune responses. Using human and murine models, we investigated the role of CH25H in metabolic inflammation. Methods We performed transcriptomic (RNASeq) analysis on the human whole AT biopsies and sorted ATMs from obese non-diabetic (NDM) and obese diabetic (DM) subjects to inquire if CH25H was increased in DM. We challenged mice lacking Ch25h with a high-fat diet (HFD) to characterize their metabolic and immunologic profiling. Ch25h KO mice and human adipose tissue biopsies from NDM and DM subjects were analyzed. LC-MS was conducted to measure 25-HC level in AT. In vitro analysis permitted us to investigate the effect of 25-HC on cytokine expression. Results In our RNASeq analysis of human visceral and subcutaneous biopsies, gene pathways related to inflammation were increased in obese DM vs. non-DM subjects that included CH25H. CH25H was enriched in the stromal vascular fraction of human adipose tissue and highly expressed in CD206+ human ATMs by flow cytometry analysis. We measured the levels of the oxysterols, 25-HC and 7α25diHC, in human visceral adipose tissue samples and showed a correlation between BMI and 25-HC. Using mouse models of diet-induced obesity (DIO), we found that HFD-induced Ch25h expression in eWAT and increased levels of 25-HC in AT. On HFD, Ch25h KO mice became obese but exhibited reduced plasma insulin levels, improved insulin action, and decreased ectopic lipid deposit. Improved insulin sensitivity in Ch25h KO mice was due to attenuation of CD11c+ adipose tissue macrophage infiltration in eWAT. Finally, by testing AT explants, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and SVF cells from Ch25h deficient mice, we observed that 25-HC is required for the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. 25-HC was also able to induce inflammatory genes in preadipocytes. Conclusions Our data suggest a critical role for CH25H/25-HC in the progression of meta-inflammation and insulin resistance in obese humans and mouse models of obesity. In response to obesogenic stimuli, CH25H/25-HC could exert a pro-inflammatory role. CH25H upregulation in visceral adipose tissue is associated with diabetes in humans. ATMs are the primary site of CH25H expression in humans and mice. DIO in mice activates Ch25h expression and 25-HC production in visceral adipose tissue. Obese Ch25h KO mice have improved insulin sensitivity due to attenuated adipose tissue inflammation. In response to inflammatory stimuli, Ch25h/25-HC potentiates myeloid activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Russo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lindsey Muir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lynn Geletka
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jennifer Delproposto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicki Baker
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Carmen Flesher
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Robert O'Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Zhong C, Yang X, Feng Y, Yu J. Trained Immunity: An Underlying Driver of Inflammatory Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:284. [PMID: 32153588 PMCID: PMC7046758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The persistence of low-grade vascular inflammation has been considered to fuel the development of atherosclerosis. However, fundamental mechanistic understanding of the establishment of non-resolving low-grade inflammation is lacking, and a large number of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular complications cannot be prevented by current therapeutic regimens. Trained immunity is an emerging new concept describing a prolonged hyperactivation of the innate immune system after exposure to certain stimuli, leading to an augmented immune response to a secondary stimulus. While it exerts beneficial effects for host defense against invading pathogens, uncontrolled persistent innate immune activation causes chronic inflammatory diseases. In light of the above, the long-term over-activation of the innate immune system conferred by trained immunity has been recently hypothesized to serve as a link between non-resolving vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge on trained immunity triggered by various exogenous and endogenous inducers, with particular emphasis on its pro-atherogenic effects and the underlying intracellular mechanisms that act at both the cellular level and systems level. We also discuss how trained immunity could be mechanistically linked to atherosclerosis from both preclinical and clinical perspectives. This review details the mechanisms underlying the induction of trained immunity by different stimuli, and highlights that the intracellular training programs can be different, though partly overlapping, depending on the stimulus and the biological system. Thus, clinical investigation of risk factor specific innate immune memory is necessary for future use of trained immunity-based therapy in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Translational Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanchang, Center for Translational Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yulin Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Orekhov AN, Nikiforov NG, Sukhorukov VN, Kubekina MV, Sobenin IA, Wu WK, Foxx KK, Pintus S, Stegmaier P, Stelmashenko D, Kel A, Gratchev AN, Melnichenko AA, Wetzker R, Summerhill VI, Manabe I, Oishi Y. Role of Phagocytosis in the Pro-Inflammatory Response in LDL-Induced Foam Cell Formation; a Transcriptome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030817. [PMID: 32012706 PMCID: PMC7037225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of lipid inclusions in the arterial wall cells (foam cell formation) caused by modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the earliest and most noticeable manifestation of atherosclerosis. The mechanisms of foam cell formation are not fully understood and can involve altered lipid uptake, impaired lipid metabolism, or both. Recently, we have identified the top 10 master regulators that were involved in the accumulation of cholesterol in cultured macrophages induced by the incubation with modified LDL. It was found that most of the identified master regulators were related to the regulation of the inflammatory immune response, but not to lipid metabolism. A possible explanation for this unexpected result is a stimulation of the phagocytic activity of macrophages by modified LDL particle associates that have a relatively large size. In the current study, we investigated gene regulation in macrophages using transcriptome analysis to test the hypothesis that the primary event occurring upon the interaction of modified LDL and macrophages is the stimulation of phagocytosis, which subsequently triggers the pro-inflammatory immune response. We identified genes that were up- or downregulated following the exposure of cultured cells to modified LDL or latex beads (inert phagocytosis stimulators). Most of the identified master regulators were involved in the innate immune response, and some of them were encoding major pro-inflammatory proteins. The obtained results indicated that pro-inflammatory response to phagocytosis stimulation precedes the accumulation of intracellular lipids and possibly contributes to the formation of foam cells. In this way, the currently recognized hypothesis that the accumulation of lipids triggers the pro-inflammatory response was not confirmed. Comparative analysis of master regulators revealed similarities in the genetic regulation of the interaction of macrophages with naturally occurring LDL and desialylated LDL. Oxidized and desialylated LDL affected a different spectrum of genes than naturally occurring LDL. These observations suggest that desialylation is the most important modification of LDL occurring in vivo. Thus, modified LDL caused the gene regulation characteristic of the stimulation of phagocytosis. Additionally, the knock-down effect of five master regulators, such as IL15, EIF2AK3, F2RL1, TSPYL2, and ANXA1, on intracellular lipid accumulation was tested. We knocked down these genes in primary macrophages derived from human monocytes. The addition of atherogenic naturally occurring LDL caused a significant accumulation of cholesterol in the control cells. The knock-down of the EIF2AK3 and IL15 genes completely prevented cholesterol accumulation in cultured macrophages. The knock-down of the ANXA1 gene caused a further decrease in cholesterol content in cultured macrophages. At the same time, knock-down of F2RL1 and TSPYL2 did not cause an effect. The results obtained allowed us to explain in which way the inflammatory response and the accumulation of cholesterol are related confirming our hypothesis of atherogenesis development based on the following viewpoints: LDL particles undergo atherogenic modifications that, in turn, accompanied by the formation of self-associates; large LDL associates stimulate phagocytosis; as a result of phagocytosis stimulation, pro-inflammatory molecules are secreted; these molecules cause or at least contribute to the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol. Therefore, it became obvious that the primary event in this sequence is not the accumulation of cholesterol but an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.N.O.); (V.I.S.)
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15A 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Street, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Kubekina
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15A 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Street, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Kathy K. Foxx
- Kalen Biomedical, LLC, Montgomery Village, MD 20886, USA
| | - Sergey Pintus
- BIOSOFT.RU, LLC, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Computational Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Daria Stelmashenko
- BIOSOFT.RU, LLC, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- geneXplain GmbH, 38302 Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | - Alexander Kel
- BIOSOFT.RU, LLC, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- geneXplain GmbH, 38302 Wolfenbüttel, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexei N. Gratchev
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Melnichenko
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15A 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Street, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Volha I. Summerhill
- Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.N.O.); (V.I.S.)
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Aging Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yumiko Oishi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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Guo LY, Yang F, Peng LJ, Li YB, Wang AP. CXCL2, a new critical factor and therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:428-437. [PMID: 31752549 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1693585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ya Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, university of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Peng
- Medical Record Statistics Office and Library, The Pediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Bing Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
- National key Discipline of Human Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
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Salgaço MK, Oliveira LGS, Costa GN, Bianchi F, Sivieri K. Relationship between gut microbiota, probiotics, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9229-9238. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia with Dietary Factors. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102277. [PMID: 31547555 PMCID: PMC6835897 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic endotoxemia is a condition in which blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels are elevated, regardless of the presence of obvious infection. It has been suggested to lead to chronic inflammation-related diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), pancreatitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, it has attracted attention as a target for the prevention and treatment of these chronic diseases. As metabolic endotoxemia was first reported in mice that were fed a high-fat diet, research regarding its relationship with diets has been actively conducted in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize the relationship between fat intake and induction of metabolic endotoxemia, focusing on gut dysbiosis and the influx, kinetics, and metabolism of LPS. We also summarize the recent findings about dietary factors that attenuate metabolic endotoxemia, focusing on the regulation of gut microbiota. We hope that in the future, control of metabolic endotoxemia using dietary factors will help maintain human health.
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Ye J, Wu Y, Guo R, Zeng W, Duan Y, Yang Z, Yang L. miR-221 Alleviates the Ox-LDL-Induced Macrophage Inflammatory Response via the Inhibition of DNMT3b-Mediated NCoR Promoter Methylation. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4530534. [PMID: 31565033 PMCID: PMC6745124 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4530534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, and macrophages play a key role in all phases of AS. Recent studies have shown that miR-221 is a biomarker for AS and stroke; however, the role and mechanism of miR-221 in AS are unclear. Herein, we found that miR-221 and NCoR levels were decreased in ox-LDL-treated THP-1-derived macrophages. In contrast, DNMT3b, IL-6, and TNF-α expression levels were increased under these conditions. Upregulation of miR-221 or NCoR could partially inhibit ox-LDL-induced IL-6 and TNF-α expression. Further studies showed that DNMT3b was a target of miR-221. DNMT3b inhibition also suppressed IL-6 and TNF-α expression and increased NCoR expression in the presence of ox-LDL. Moreover, DNMT3b was involved in ox-LDL-induced DNA methylation in the promoter region of NCoR. These findings suggest that miR-221 suppresses ox-LDL-induced inflammatory responses via suppressing DNMT3b-mediated DNA methylation in the promoter region of NCoR. These results provide a rationale for using intracellular miR-211 as a possible antiatherosclerotic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Ye
- Department of Cardiology, 920 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Yunnan 650032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Yaxi Wu
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ruiwei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, 920 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Wenjun Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Yanan Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- Department of Cardiology, 920 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Yunnan 650032, China
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Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and morbidity globally. Over the past several years, arterial inflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of athero-thrombosis, substantially confirming what pathologist Rudolf Virchow had observed in the 19th century. Lipid lowering, lifestyle changes, and modification of other risk factors have reduced cardiovascular complications of athero-thrombosis, but a substantial residual risk remains. In view of the pathogenic role of inflammation in athero-thrombosis, directly targeting inflammation has emerged as an additional potential therapeutic option; and some early promising results have been suggested by the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS), in which canakinumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic cytokine interleukin 1 beta, was shown to reduce cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prediman K Shah
- Helga and Walter Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dalgisio Lecis
- Helga and Walter Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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35
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Du M, Wang X, Mao X, Yang L, Huang K, Zhang F, Wang Y, Luo X, Wang C, Peng J, Liang M, Huang D, Huang K. Absence of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Protects Against Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Theranostics 2019; 9:4688-4703. [PMID: 31367250 PMCID: PMC6643443 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the molecular and cellular processes involved in foam cell formation is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) was first identified as a transcriptional regulator of type-I interferons (IFNs) and IFN inducible genes. Our study aims to explore the role of IRF1 in atherosclerotic foam cell formation and understand the functional diversity of IRF1 in various cell types contributing to atherosclerosis. Methods: We induced experimental atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-IRF1-/- mice and evaluated the effect of IRF1 on disease progression and foam cell formation. Results: IRF1 expression was increased in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions. IRF1 deficiency inhibited modified lipoprotein uptake and promoted cholesterol efflux, along with altered expression of genes implicated in lipid metabolism. Gene expression analysis identified scavenger receptor (SR)-AI as a regulated target of IRF1, and SR-AI silencing completely abrogated the increased uptake of modified lipoprotein induced by IRF1. Our data also explain a mechanism underlying endotoxemia-complicated atherogenesis as follows: two likely pro-inflammatory agents, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exert cooperative effects on foam cell formation, which is partly attributable to a shift of IRF1-Ubc9 complex to IRF1- myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (Myd88) complex and subsequent IRF1 nuclear translocation. Additionally, it seems that improved function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) also accounts for the diminished and more stable atherosclerotic plaques observed in ApoE-/-IRF1-/- mice. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate an unanticipated role of IRF1 in the regulation of gene expression implicated in foam cell formation and identify IRF1 activation as a new risk factor in the development, progression and instability of atherosclerotic lesions.
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36
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Shen W, Anwaier G, Cao Y, Lian G, Chen C, Liu S, Tuerdi N, Qi R. Atheroprotective Mechanisms of Tilianin by Inhibiting Inflammation Through Down-Regulating NF-κB Pathway and Foam Cells Formation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:825. [PMID: 31333487 PMCID: PMC6614704 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilianin, a representative flavonoid ingredient of Dracocephalum moldavica L., has been used to treat several diseases for centuries, including atherosclerosis (AS). However, pharmacological mechanisms underlying its biological functions remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated the anti-AS mechanisms of tilianin through establishing in vitro models using three types of cells that contributed to AS progression, including macrophage, vascular smooth muscle cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which were proved to be involve in LPS/TNF-α/oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced inflammation and ox-LDL induced foam cell formation. Our results indicate that tilianin significantly suppressed LPS induced inflammatory responses on macrophage and remarkably inhibited TNF-α induced VSMCs proliferation and migration. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of tilianin on macrophages and VSMCs was proved to be mainly by downregulating TNF-α/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, our results demonstrate that tilianin significantly ameliorated ox-LDL induced macrophages oriented foam cells formation through repressing mRNA expression of SR-A1 and inducting the expression of genes related to cholesterol efflux including SRB-1 and ABCA1. However, tilianin had no effect on ox-LDL induced HUVECs injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Gulinigaer Anwaier
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Yini Cao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Guan Lian
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Nuerbiye Tuerdi
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Qi
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
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37
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Nikiforov NG, Wetzker R, Kubekina MV, Petukhova AV, Kirichenko TV, Orekhov AN. Trained Circulating Monocytes in Atherosclerosis: Ex Vivo Model Approach. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:725. [PMID: 31316385 PMCID: PMC6610245 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the key processes in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Numerous studies are focused on the local inflammatory processes associated with atherosclerotic plaque initiation and progression. However, changes in the activation state of circulating monocytes, the main components of the innate immunity, may precede the local events. In this article, we discuss tolerance, which results in decreased ability of monocytes to be activated by pathogens and other stimuli, and training, the ability of monocyte to potentiate the response to pathological stimuli, and their relation to atherosclerosis. We also present previously unpublished results of the experiments that our group performed with monocytes/macrophages isolated from atherosclerosis patients. Our data allow assuming the existence of relationship between the formation of monocyte training and the degree of atherosclerosis progression. The suppression of trained immunity ex vivo seems to be a perspective model for searching anti-atherogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita G Nikiforov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Gene Biology, Centre of Collective Usage, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marina V Kubekina
- Institute of Gene Biology, Centre of Collective Usage, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Petukhova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Centre of Collective Usage, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Kirichenko
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
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38
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Aavik E, Babu M, Ylä-Herttuala S. DNA methylation processes in atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerosis 2019; 281:168-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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39
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Shah PK. Inflammation, infection and atherosclerosis. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019; 29:468-472. [PMID: 30733074 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in much of the world. Adoption of a healthy lifestyle and cholesterol lowering are the key measures used to prevent major complications of atherosclerosis. Recent data have identified a critical role for inflammation mediated through activation of both innate and adaptive immune pathways in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis opening up opportunities for development of anti-inflammatory interventions that could supplement risk factor modification and lipid lowering as an approach to further reducing the burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prediman K Shah
- The Helga and Walter Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cardiology Division and Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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40
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Guo S, Lu J, Zhuo Y, Xiao M, Xue X, Zhong S, Shen X, Yin C, Li L, Chen Q, Zhu M, Chen B, Zhao M, Zheng L, Tao Y, Yin H. Endogenous cholesterol ester hydroperoxides modulate cholesterol levels and inhibit cholesterol uptake in hepatocytes and macrophages. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101069. [PMID: 30576926 PMCID: PMC6302155 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism represents one of the major risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Oxidized cholesterol esters (oxCE) in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) have been implicated in CVD but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. We use a targeted lipidomic approach to demonstrate that levels of oxCEs in human plasma are associated with different types of CVD and significantly elevated in patients with myocardial infarction. We synthesized a major endogenous cholesterol ester hydroperoxide (CEOOH), cholesteryl-13(cis, trans)-hydroperoxy-octadecadienoate (ch-13(c,t)-HpODE) and show that this endogenous compound significantly increases plasma cholesterol level in mice while decrease cholesterol levels in mouse liver and peritoneal macrophages, which is primarily due to the inhibition of cholesterol uptake in macrophages and liver. Further studies indicate that inhibition of cholesterol uptake by ch-13(c,t)-HpODE in macrophages is dependent on LXRα-IDOL-LDLR pathway, whereas inhibition on cholesterol levels in hepatocytes is dependent on LXRα and LDLR. Consistently, these effects on cholesterol levels by ch-13(c,t)-HpODE are diminished in LDLR or LXRα knockout mice. Together, our study provides evidence that elevated plasma cholesterol levels by CEOOHs are primarily due to the inhibition of cholesterol uptake in the liver and macrophages, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujuan Zhuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mengqing Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinli Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chunzhao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Luxiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingjiang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Buxing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China.
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41
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Niibo M, Shirouchi B, Umegatani M, Morita Y, Ogawa A, Sakai F, Kadooka Y, Sato M. Probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 improves insulin secretion in a diabetic rat model. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:997-1006. [PMID: 30471910 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) has a protective effect against metabolic syndrome in rats and humans. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, Goto-Kakizaki rats were used as a diabetic model and fed diets containing LG2055-fermented or nonfermented skim milk for 4 wk. Indices of diabetes such as blood glucose levels, serum glucagon levels, plasma levels of insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon-like peptide-1, tissue glycogen contents, and pancreatic mRNA levels were measured. The plasma C-peptide levels and pancreatic mRNA levels of insulin genes (Ins1 and Ins2) and Pdx1 (a transcriptional factor of insulin genes) were increased in LG2055 diet-fed rats. The increase in insulin secretion corresponded to an improvement in serum and pancreatic inflammatory status, associated with decreases in serum levels of serum amyloid P and pancreatic levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Insulin resistance in Goto-Kakizaki rats was ameliorated by increased glycogen storage in the liver and quadriceps femoris muscles and decreased serum free fatty acid levels. This improvement may be related to the increased cecal production of short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, dietary LG2055 improved insulin secretion in diabetic rats by improving the inflammatory status in the pancreas and serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Niibo
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - B Shirouchi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - M Umegatani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Y Morita
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - A Ogawa
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - F Sakai
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Y Kadooka
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - M Sato
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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42
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Chemokine CCL4 Induced in Mouse Brain Has a Protective Role against Methylmercury Toxicity. TOXICS 2018; 6:toxics6030036. [PMID: 29986485 PMCID: PMC6161214 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is selectively toxic to the central nervous system, but mechanisms related to its toxicity are poorly understood. In the present study, we identified the chemokine, C-C motif Chemokine Ligand 4 (CCL4), to be selectively upregulated in the brain of MeHg-administered mice. We then investigated the relationship between CCL4 expression and MeHg toxicity using in vivo and in vitro approaches. We confirmed that in C17.2 cells (a mouse neural stem cell line) and the mouse brain, induction of CCL4 expression occurs prior to cytotoxicity caused by MeHg. We also show that the addition of recombinant CCL4 to the culture medium of mouse primary neurons attenuated MeHg toxicity, while knockdown of CCL4 in C17.2 cells resulted in higher MeHg sensitivity compared with control cells. These results suggest that CCL4 is a protective factor against MeHg toxicity and that induction of CCL4 expression is not a result of cytotoxicity by MeHg but is a protective response against MeHg exposure.
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43
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Osthole Protects against Acute Lung Injury by Suppressing NF- κB-Dependent Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:4934592. [PMID: 30057486 PMCID: PMC6051001 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4934592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of ALI. Therefore, suppression of inflammatory response could be a potential strategy to treat LPS-induced lung injury. Osthole, a natural coumarin extract, has been reported to protect against acute kidney injury through an anti-inflammatory mechanism, but its effect on ALI is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether osthole ameliorates inflammatory sepsis-related ALI. Results from in vitro studies indicated that osthole treatment inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response in mouse peritoneal macrophages through blocking the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Consistently, the in vivo studies indicated that osthole significantly prolonged the survival of septic mice which was accompanied by inflammation suppression. In the ALI mouse model, osthole effectively inhibited the development of lung tissue injury, leukocytic recruitment, and cytokine productions, which was associated with inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation. These findings provide evidence that osthole was a potent inhibitor of NF-κB and inflammatory injury and suggest that it could be a promising anti-inflammatory agent for therapy of septic shock and acute lung injury.
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44
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Gibson MS, Domingues N, Vieira OV. Lipid and Non-lipid Factors Affecting Macrophage Dysfunction and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:654. [PMID: 29997514 PMCID: PMC6029489 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and a leading cause of human mortality. The lesional microenvironment contains a complex accumulation of variably oxidized lipids and cytokines. Infiltrating monocytes become polarized in response to these stimuli, resulting in a broad spectrum of macrophage phenotypes. The extent of lipid loading in macrophages influences their phenotype and consequently their inflammatory status. In response to excess atherogenic ligands, many normal cell processes become aberrant following a loss of homeostasis. This can have a direct impact upon the inflammatory response, and conversely inflammation can lead to cell dysfunction. Clear evidence for this exists in the lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of atherosclerotic macrophages, the principal lesional cell type. Furthermore, several intrinsic cell processes become dysregulated under lipidotic conditions. Therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring cell function under disease conditions are an ongoing coveted aim. Macrophages play a central role in promoting lesional inflammation, with plaque progression and stability being directly proportional to macrophage abundance. Understanding how mixtures or individual lipid species regulate macrophage biology is therefore a major area of atherosclerosis research. In this review, we will discuss how the myriad of lipid and lipoprotein classes and products used to model atherogenic, proinflammatory immune responses has facilitated a greater understanding of some of the intricacies of chronic inflammation and cell function. Despite this, lipid oxidation produces a complex mixture of products and with no single or standard method of derivatization, there exists some variation in the reported effects of certain oxidized lipids. Likewise, differences in the methods used to generate macrophages in vitro may also lead to variable responses when apparently identical lipid ligands are used. Consequently, the complexity of reported macrophage phenotypes has implications for our understanding of the metabolic pathways, processes and shifts underpinning their activation and inflammatory status. Using oxidized low density lipoproteins and its oxidized cholesteryl esters and phospholipid constituents to stimulate macrophage has been hugely valuable, however there is now an argument that only working with low complexity lipid species can deliver the most useful information to guide therapies aimed at controlling atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Gibson
- Lysosomes in Chronic Human Pathologies and Infection, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Neuza Domingues
- Lysosomes in Chronic Human Pathologies and Infection, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Otilia V Vieira
- Lysosomes in Chronic Human Pathologies and Infection, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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45
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Ann SJ, Kim KK, Cheon EJ, Noh HM, Hwang I, Yu JW, Park S, Kang SM, Manabe I, Miller YI, Kim S, Lee SH. Palmitate and minimally-modified low-density lipoprotein cooperatively promote inflammatory responses in macrophages. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518116 PMCID: PMC5843266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased consumption of Western-type diets and environmental insults lead to wide-spread increases in the plasma levels of saturated fatty acids and lipoprotein oxidation. The aim of this study is to examine whether palmitate and minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) exert an additive effect on macrophage activation. We found that CXCL2 and TNF-α secretion as well as ERK and p38 phosphorylation were additively increased by co-treatment of J774 macrophages with palmitate and mmLDL in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, the analysis of differentially expressed genes using the KEGG database revealed that several pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and genes were significantly altered. These results were validated with real-time PCR, showing upregulation of Il-6, Csf3, Il-1β, and Clec4d. The present study demonstrated that palmitate and mmLDL additively potentiate the LPS-induced activation of macrophages. These results suggest the existence of synergistic mechanisms by which saturated fatty acids and oxidized lipoproteins activate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-jin Ann
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka-Kyung Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Cheon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Min Noh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inhwa Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je-Wook Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Disease Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yury I. Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SH Lee); (S Kim)
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SH Lee); (S Kim)
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46
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Orekhov AN, Oishi Y, Nikiforov NG, Zhelankin AV, Dubrovsky L, Sobenin IA, Kel A, Stelmashenko D, Makeev VJ, Foxx K, Jin X, Kruth HS, Bukrinsky M. Modified LDL Particles Activate Inflammatory Pathways in Monocyte-derived Macrophages: Transcriptome Analysis. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24:3143-3151. [PMID: 30205792 PMCID: PMC6302360 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180911120039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A hallmark of atherosclerosis is its complex pathogenesis, which is dependent on altered cholesterol metabolism and inflammation. Both arms of pathogenesis involve myeloid cells. Monocytes migrating into the arterial walls interact with modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, accumulate cholesterol and convert into foam cells, which promote plaque formation and also contribute to inflammation by producing proinflammatory cytokines. A number of studies characterized transcriptomics of macrophages following interaction with modified LDL, and revealed alteration of the expression of genes responsible for inflammatory response and cholesterol metabolism. However, it is still unclear how these two processes are related to each other to contribute to atherosclerotic lesion formation. METHODS We attempted to identify the main mater regulator genes in macrophages treated with atherogenic modified LDL using a bioinformatics approach. RESULTS We found that most of the identified genes were involved in inflammation, and none of them was implicated in cholesterol metabolism. Among the key identified genes were interleukin (IL)-7, IL-7 receptor, IL- 15 and CXCL8. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that activation of the inflammatory pathway is the primary response of the immune cells to modified LDL, while the lipid metabolism genes may be a secondary response triggered by inflammatory signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Orekhov
- Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia; Tel: +7 903 169 08 66;, E-mail:
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47
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Battson ML, Lee DM, Weir TL, Gentile CL. The gut microbiota as a novel regulator of cardiovascular function and disease. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 56:1-15. [PMID: 29427903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has emerged as a critical regulator of human physiology. Deleterious changes to the composition or number of gut bacteria, commonly referred to as gut dysbiosis, has been linked to the development and progression of numerous diet-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most CVD risk factors, including aging, obesity, certain dietary patterns, and a sedentary lifestyle, have been shown to induce gut dysbiosis. Dysbiosis is associated with intestinal inflammation and reduced integrity of the gut barrier, which in turn increases circulating levels of bacterial structural components and microbial metabolites that may facilitate the development of CVD. The aim of the current review is to summarize the available data regarding the role of the gut microbiome in regulating CVD function and disease processes. Particular emphasis is placed on nutrition-related alterations in the microbiome, as well as the underlying cellular mechanisms by which the microbiome may alter CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah L Battson
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Dustin M Lee
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Christopher L Gentile
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.
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48
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Vozenilek AE, Navratil AR, Green JM, Coleman DT, Blackburn CMR, Finney AC, Pearson BH, Chrast R, Finck BN, Klein RL, Orr AW, Woolard MD. Macrophage-Associated Lipin-1 Enzymatic Activity Contributes to Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Proinflammatory Signaling and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:324-334. [PMID: 29217509 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophage proinflammatory responses induced by modified low-density lipoproteins (modLDL) contribute to atherosclerotic progression. How modLDL causes macrophages to become proinflammatory is still enigmatic. Macrophage foam cell formation induced by modLDL requires glycerolipid synthesis. Lipin-1, a key enzyme in the glycerolipid synthesis pathway, contributes to modLDL-elicited macrophage proinflammatory responses in vitro. The objective of this study was to determine whether macrophage-associated lipin-1 contributes to atherogenesis and to assess its role in modLDL-mediated signaling in macrophages. APPROACH AND RESULTS We developed mice lacking lipin-1 in myeloid-derived cells and used adeno-associated viral vector 8 expressing the gain-of-function mutation of mouse proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (adeno-associated viral vector 8-proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) to induce hypercholesterolemia and plaque formation. Mice lacking myeloid-associated lipin-1 had reduced atherosclerotic burden compared with control mice despite similar plasma lipid levels. Stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages with modLDL activated a persistent protein kinase Cα/βII-extracellular receptor kinase1/2-jun proto-oncogene signaling cascade that contributed to macrophage proinflammatory responses that was dependent on lipin-1 enzymatic activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that macrophage-associated lipin-1 is atherogenic, likely through persistent activation of a protein kinase Cα/βII-extracellular receptor kinase1/2-jun proto-oncogene signaling cascade that contributes to foam cell proinflammatory responses. Taken together, these results suggest that modLDL-induced foam cell formation and modLDL-induced macrophage proinflammatory responses are not independent consequences of modLDL stimulation but rather are both directly influenced by enhanced lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee E Vozenilek
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (A.E.V., C.M.R.B., M.D.W.), Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., B.H.P., A.W.O.), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F.), Feist-Weiller Cancer Center (D.T.C.), and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience (R.L.K.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.R.N.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (R.C.); and Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (B.N.F.)
| | - Aaron R Navratil
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (A.E.V., C.M.R.B., M.D.W.), Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., B.H.P., A.W.O.), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F.), Feist-Weiller Cancer Center (D.T.C.), and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience (R.L.K.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.R.N.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (R.C.); and Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (B.N.F.)
| | - Jonette M Green
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (A.E.V., C.M.R.B., M.D.W.), Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., B.H.P., A.W.O.), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F.), Feist-Weiller Cancer Center (D.T.C.), and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience (R.L.K.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.R.N.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (R.C.); and Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (B.N.F.)
| | - David T Coleman
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (A.E.V., C.M.R.B., M.D.W.), Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., B.H.P., A.W.O.), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F.), Feist-Weiller Cancer Center (D.T.C.), and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience (R.L.K.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.R.N.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (R.C.); and Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (B.N.F.)
| | - Cassidy M R Blackburn
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (A.E.V., C.M.R.B., M.D.W.), Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., B.H.P., A.W.O.), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F.), Feist-Weiller Cancer Center (D.T.C.), and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience (R.L.K.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.R.N.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (R.C.); and Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (B.N.F.)
| | - Alexandra C Finney
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (A.E.V., C.M.R.B., M.D.W.), Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., B.H.P., A.W.O.), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F.), Feist-Weiller Cancer Center (D.T.C.), and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience (R.L.K.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.R.N.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (R.C.); and Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (B.N.F.)
| | - Brenna H Pearson
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (A.E.V., C.M.R.B., M.D.W.), Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., B.H.P., A.W.O.), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F.), Feist-Weiller Cancer Center (D.T.C.), and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience (R.L.K.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.R.N.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (R.C.); and Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (B.N.F.)
| | - Roman Chrast
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (A.E.V., C.M.R.B., M.D.W.), Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., B.H.P., A.W.O.), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F.), Feist-Weiller Cancer Center (D.T.C.), and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience (R.L.K.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.R.N.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (R.C.); and Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (B.N.F.)
| | - Brian N Finck
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (A.E.V., C.M.R.B., M.D.W.), Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., B.H.P., A.W.O.), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F.), Feist-Weiller Cancer Center (D.T.C.), and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience (R.L.K.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.R.N.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (R.C.); and Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (B.N.F.)
| | - Ronald L Klein
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (A.E.V., C.M.R.B., M.D.W.), Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., B.H.P., A.W.O.), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F.), Feist-Weiller Cancer Center (D.T.C.), and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience (R.L.K.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.R.N.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (R.C.); and Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (B.N.F.)
| | - A Wayne Orr
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (A.E.V., C.M.R.B., M.D.W.), Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., B.H.P., A.W.O.), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F.), Feist-Weiller Cancer Center (D.T.C.), and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience (R.L.K.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.R.N.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (R.C.); and Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (B.N.F.)
| | - Matthew D Woolard
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (A.E.V., C.M.R.B., M.D.W.), Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., B.H.P., A.W.O.), Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F.), Feist-Weiller Cancer Center (D.T.C.), and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience (R.L.K.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (A.R.N.); Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (R.C.); and Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (B.N.F.).
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49
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Nakata Y, Kohchi C, Ogawa K, Nakamoto T, Yoshimura H, Soma GI. Effects of 3 months continuous intake of supplement containing Pantoea agglomerans LPS to maintain normal bloodstream in adults: Parallel double-blind randomized controlled study. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 6:197-206. [PMID: 29387379 PMCID: PMC5778198 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects on the maintenance of normal bloodstream by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated in the parallel-group randomized double-blind study using supplement containing Pantoea agglomerans LPS (201.5 μg/tablet as LPS). Screening was previously performed in the implementation of the study. Adult males and females with normal value to borderline (healthy subjects) in the hematologic parameters, for which reference values were given, were chosen in this study. The period of ingestion of the supplement was 3 months. As the result, a significant decrease in the rate of change (the ratio when the baseline was 1) of HbA1c, which is a glycative stress marker, was found in the group which ingested LPS supplement after 3 months. Also, a significant increase in the number of fingertip capillary vessels was found compared with the control group. From these results, the effects of the maintenance of bloodstream by ingestion of LPS were shown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chie Kohchi
- Macrophi Inc.Takamatsu Kagawa Japan.,Department of Integrated and Holistic Immunology Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Miki-cho, Kida-gun Kagawa Japan
| | - Kazue Ogawa
- Non-profit Organization, Linking Setouchi Innate Immune Network Takamatsu Kagawa Japan
| | - Takeru Nakamoto
- Non-profit Organization, Linking Setouchi Innate Immune Network Takamatsu Kagawa Japan.,Central Park ClinicTakamatsu Kagawa Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshimura
- Non-profit Organization, Linking Setouchi Innate Immune Network Takamatsu Kagawa Japan.,Nakagawa Hospital Fukuoka Japan
| | - Gen-Ichiro Soma
- Department of Integrated and Holistic Immunology Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Miki-cho, Kida-gun Kagawa Japan.,Non-profit Organization, Linking Setouchi Innate Immune Network Takamatsu Kagawa Japan.,Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences Research Organization of Health for Self-Reliance Niigata Japan
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50
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Nakagaki BN, Freitas-Lopes MA, Carvalho É, Carvalho-Gontijo R, Castro-Oliveira HM, Rezende RM, Cara DC, Santos MM, Lopes RP, David BA, Menezes GB. Generation of a triple-fluorescent mouse strain allows a dynamic and spatial visualization of different liver phagocytes in vivo. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 91:e20170317. [PMID: 29044327 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720170317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident and circulating immune cells have been extensively studied due to their almost ubiquitous role in cell biology. Despite their classification under the "immune cell department", it is becoming increasingly clear that these cells are involved in many different non-immune related phenomena, including fetus development, vascular formation, memory, social behavior and many other phenotypes. There is a huge potential in combining high-throughput assays - including flow cytometry and gene analysis - with in vivo imaging. This can improve our knowledge in both basic and clinical cell biology, and accessing the expression of markers that are relevant in the context of both homeostasis and disease conditions might be instrumental. Here we describe how we generated a novel mouse strain that spontaneously express three different fluorescence markers under control of well-studied receptors (CX3CR1, CCR2 and CD11c) that are involved in a plethora of stages of cell ontogenesis, maturation, migration and behavior. Also, we assess the percentage of the expression and co-expression of each marker under homeostasis conditions, and how these cells behave when a local inflammation is induced in the liver applying a cutting-edge technology to image cells by confocal intravital microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda N Nakagaki
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria A Freitas-Lopes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érika Carvalho
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel Carvalho-Gontijo
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Hortência M Castro-Oliveira
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, 02115, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Denise C Cara
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mônica M Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pestana Lopes
- BD Biosciences, Rua Alexandre Dumas, 1976, Chácara Santo Antônio, 04717-040 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna A David
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo/USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo B Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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