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Xie H, Han X, Xiao G, Xu H, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Li Q, He J, Zhu D, Yu X, Dai Q. Multifocal fluorescence video-rate imaging of centimetre-wide arbitrarily shaped brain surfaces at micrometric resolution. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:740-753. [PMID: 38057428 PMCID: PMC11250366 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy allows for the high-throughput imaging of cellular activity across brain areas in mammals. However, capturing rapid cellular dynamics across the curved cortical surface is challenging, owing to trade-offs in image resolution, speed, field of view and depth of field. Here we report a technique for wide-field fluorescence imaging that leverages selective illumination and the integration of focal areas at different depths via a spinning disc with varying thickness to enable video-rate imaging of previously reconstructed centimetre-scale arbitrarily shaped surfaces at micrometre-scale resolution and at a depth of field of millimetres. By implementing the technique in a microscope capable of acquiring images at 1.68 billion pixels per second and resolving 16.8 billion voxels per second, we recorded neural activities and the trajectories of neutrophils in real time on curved cortical surfaces in live mice. The technique can be integrated into many microscopes and macroscopes, in both reflective and fluorescence modes, for the study of multiscale cellular interactions on arbitrarily shaped surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaofei Han
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guihua Xiao
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyun Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanlong Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxun Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinguang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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2
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González-López P, Yu Y, Lin S, Escribano Ó, Gómez-Hernández A, Gisterå A. Dysregulation of micro-RNA 143-3p as a Biomarker of Carotid Atherosclerosis and the Associated Immune Reactions During Disease Progression. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s12265-024-10482-1. [PMID: 38270847 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis commonly remains undiagnosed until disease manifestations occur. The disease is associated with dysregulated micro(mi)RNAs, but how this is linked to atherosclerosis-related immune reactions is largely unknown. A mouse model of carotid atherosclerosis, human APOB100-transgenic Ldlr-/- (HuBL), was used to study the spatiotemporal dysregulation of a set of miRNAs. Middle-aged HuBL mice with established atherosclerosis had decreased levels of miR-143-3p in their carotid arteries. In young HuBL mice, early atherosclerosis was observed in the carotid bifurcation, which had lower levels of miR-15a-5p, miR-143-3p, and miR-199a-3p, and higher levels of miR-155-5p. The dysregulation of these miRNAs was reflected by specific immune responses during atheroprogression. Finally, levels of miR-143-3p were 70.6% lower in extracellular vesicles isolated from the plasma of patients with carotid stenosis compared to healthy controls. Since miR-143-3p levels progressively decrease when transitioning between early and late experimental carotid atherosclerosis, we propose it as a biomarker for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula González-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yinda Yu
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shiying Lin
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Bioclinicum J8:20, Karolinska University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4, Solna, SE-17164, Stockholm, Sweden.
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3
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García-Vega D, Sánchez-López D, Rodríguez-Carnero G, Villar-Taibo R, Viñuela JE, Lestegás-Soto A, Seoane-Blanco A, Moure-González M, Bravo SB, Fernández ÁL, González-Juanatey JR, Eiras S. Semaglutide modulates prothrombotic and atherosclerotic mechanisms, associated with epicardial fat, neutrophils and endothelial cells network. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:1. [PMID: 38172989 PMCID: PMC10765851 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has increased in recent years with consequences on diabetes and other comorbidities. Thus, 1 out of 3 diabetic patients suffers cardiovascular disease (CVD). The network among glucose, immune system, endothelium and epicardial fat has an important role on pro-inflammatory and thrombotic mechanisms of atherogenesis. Since semaglutide, long-acting glucagon like peptide 1- receptor agonist (GLP-1-RA), a glucose-lowering drug, reduces body weight, we aimed to study its effects on human epicardial fat (EAT), aortic endothelial cells and neutrophils as atherogenesis involved-cardiovascular cells. METHODS EAT and subcutaneous fat (SAT) were collected from patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Differential glucose consumption and protein cargo of fat-released exosomes, after semaglutide or/and insulin treatment were analyzed by enzymatic and TripleTOF, respectively. Human neutrophils phenotype and their adhesion to aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) or angiogenesis were analyzed by flow cytometry and functional fluorescence analysis. Immune cells and plasma protein markers were determined by flow cytometry and Luminex-multiplex on patients before and after 6 months treatment with semaglutide. RESULTS GLP-1 receptor was expressed on fat and neutrophils. Differential exosomes-protein cargo was identified on EAT explants after semaglutide treatment. This drug increased secretion of gelsolin, antithrombotic protein, by EAT, modulated CD11b on neutrophils, its migration and endothelial adhesion, induced by adiposity protein, FABP4, or a chemoattractant. Monocytes and neutrophils phenotype and plasma adiposity, stretch, mesothelial, fibrotic, and inflammatory markers on patients underwent semaglutide treatment for 6 months showed a 20% reduction with statistical significance on FABP4 levels and an 80% increase of neutrophils-CD88. CONCLUSION Semaglutide increases endocrine activity of epicardial fat with antithrombotic properties. Moreover, this drug modulates the pro-inflammatory and atherogenic profile induced by the adiposity marker, FABP4, which is also reduced in patients after semaglutide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-Vega
- Cardiology department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Travesía de la Choupana SN, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-López
- Translational Cardiology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gemma Rodríguez-Carnero
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Division, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rocío Villar-Taibo
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Division, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Neoplasia and Differentiation of Endocrine Cells Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan E Viñuela
- Translational Cardiology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Immunology Laboratory, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adán Lestegás-Soto
- Translational Cardiology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Seoane-Blanco
- Cardiology department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Travesía de la Choupana SN, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Moure-González
- Cardiology department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Travesía de la Choupana SN, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana B Bravo
- Proteomics Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel L Fernández
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José R González-Juanatey
- Cardiology department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Travesía de la Choupana SN, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sonia Eiras
- Cardiology department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Travesía de la Choupana SN, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
- Translational Cardiology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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4
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Guo X, Ma L. Inflammation in coronary artery disease-clinical implications of novel HDL-cholesterol-related inflammatory parameters as predictors. Coron Artery Dis 2023; 34:66-77. [PMID: 36317383 PMCID: PMC9742007 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Inflammation and atherosclerotic plaques are the primary pathological mechanisms of CAD. Upon stimulation by deposited lipids and damaged endothelium, innate and adaptive immune cells are activated and recruited to initiate plaque development. Therefore, inflammatory cells and mediators are used to identify inflammatory risk in CAD patients. HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) is demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory roles in atherosclerosis by interfering with plasma membrane lipid rafts of immune cells. Based on this, novel inflammatory parameters such as monocyte to HDL-C ratio are explored to improve the risk estimation of CAD prognosis. Moreover, with the advance in treatment strategies targeting the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, identifying CAD patients with increased inflammatory risk by novel inflammatory parameters is of great importance in guiding CAD management. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current information regarding inflammatory activation and HDL-C in atherosclerosis with a particular focus on the clinical implication of the novel HDL-C-related inflammatory parameters in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuantong Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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5
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Mauersberger C, Hinterdobler J, Schunkert H, Kessler T, Sager HB. Where the Action Is-Leukocyte Recruitment in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:813984. [PMID: 35087886 PMCID: PMC8787128 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.813984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide and leukocyte recruitment is a key element of this phenomenon, thus allowing immune cells to enter the arterial wall. There, in concert with accumulating lipids, the invading leukocytes trigger a plethora of inflammatory responses which promote the influx of additional leukocytes and lead to the continued growth of atherosclerotic plaques. The recruitment process follows a precise scheme of tethering, rolling, firm arrest, crawling and transmigration and involves multiple cellular and subcellular players. This review aims to provide a comprehensive up-to-date insight into the process of leukocyte recruitment relevant to atherosclerosis, each from the perspective of endothelial cells, monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes and platelets. In addition, therapeutic options targeting leukocyte recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions-or potentially arising from the growing body of insights into its precise mechanisms-are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mauersberger
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hinterdobler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B. Sager
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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6
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Goettsch C, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Bessueille L, Quillard T, Mechtouff L, Pikula S, Canet-Soulas E, Luis MJ, Fonta C, Magne D. TNAP as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular calcification: a discussion of its pleiotropic functions in the body. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:84-96. [PMID: 33070177 PMCID: PMC8752354 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification (CVC) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It develops in several diseases and locations, such as in the tunica intima in atherosclerosis plaques, in the tunica media in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, and in aortic valves. In spite of the wide occurrence of CVC and its detrimental effects on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), no treatment is yet available. Most of CVC involve mechanisms similar to those occurring during endochondral and/or intramembranous ossification. Logically, since tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is the key-enzyme responsible for skeletal/dental mineralization, it is a promising target to limit CVC. Tools have recently been developed to inhibit its activity and preclinical studies conducted in animal models of vascular calcification already provided promising results. Nevertheless, as its name indicates, TNAP is ubiquitous and recent data indicate that it dephosphorylates different substrates in vivo to participate in other important physiological functions besides mineralization. For instance, TNAP is involved in the metabolism of pyridoxal phosphate and the production of neurotransmitters. TNAP has also been described as an anti-inflammatory enzyme able to dephosphorylate adenosine nucleotides and lipopolysaccharide. A better understanding of the full spectrum of TNAP's functions is needed to better characterize the effects of TNAP inhibition in diseases associated with CVC. In this review, after a brief description of the different types of CVC, we describe the newly uncovered additional functions of TNAP and discuss the expected consequences of its systemic inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Goettsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen
University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Strzelecka-Kiliszek
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental
Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laurence Bessueille
- Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry
(ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment
Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Thibaut Quillard
- PHY-OS Laboratory, UMR 1238 INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU
de Nantes, France
| | - Laura Mechtouff
- Stroke Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
- CREATIS Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1044, Université Claude Bernard
Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental
Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- CarMeN Laboratory, Univ Lyon, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude
Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Millan Jose Luis
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery
Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Caroline Fonta
- Brain and Cognition Research Center CerCo, CNRS UMR5549, Université de
Toulouse, France
| | - David Magne
- Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry
(ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment
Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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7
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven inflammatory disorder that narrows the arterial lumen and can induce life-threatening complications from coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease. On a mechanistic level, the development of novel cellular-resolution intravital microscopy imaging approaches has recently enabled in vivo studies of underlying biological processes governing disease onset and progress. In particular, multiphoton microscopy has emerged as a promising intravital imaging tool utilizing two-photon-excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation that provides subcellular resolution and increased imaging depths beyond confocal and epifluorescence microscopy. In this chapter, we describe the state-of-the-art multiphoton microscopy applied to the study of murine atherosclerosis.
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8
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Tomas L, Prica F, Schulz C. Trafficking of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Healthy Arteries and Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718432. [PMID: 34759917 PMCID: PMC8573388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages play essential roles in all stages of atherosclerosis – from early precursor lesions to advanced stages of the disease. Intima-resident macrophages are among the first cells to be confronted with the influx and retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins at the onset of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis development. In this review, we outline the trafficking of monocytes and macrophages in and out of the healthy aorta, as well as the adaptation of their migratory behaviour during hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, we discuss the functional and ontogenetic composition of the aortic pool of mononuclear phagocytes and its link to the atherosclerotic disease process. The development of mouse models of atherosclerosis regression in recent years, has enabled scientists to investigate the behaviour of monocytes and macrophages during the resolution of atherosclerosis. Herein, we describe the dynamics of these mononuclear phagocytes upon cessation of hypercholesterolemia and how they contribute to the restoration of tissue homeostasis. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into the trafficking, fate and disease-relevant dynamics of monocytes and macrophages during atherosclerosis, and to highlight remaining questions. We focus on the results of rodent studies, as analysis of cellular fates requires experimental manipulations that cannot be performed in humans but point out findings that could be replicated in human tissues. Understanding of the biology of macrophages in atherosclerosis provides an important basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to limit lesion formation and promote plaque regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Tomas
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Filip Prica
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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9
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Sreejit G, Johnson J, Jaggers RM, Dahdah A, Murphy AJ, Hanssen NMJ, Nagareddy PR. Neutrophils in cardiovascular disease: warmongers, peacemakers, or both? Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2596-2609. [PMID: 34534269 PMCID: PMC9890471 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant of all leucocytes and the first cells to arrive at the sites of sterile inflammation/injury act as a double-edged sword. On one hand, they inflict a significant collateral damage to the tissues and on the other hand, they help facilitate wound healing by a number of mechanisms. Recent studies have drastically changed the perception of neutrophils from being simple one-dimensional cells with an unrestrained mode of action to a cell type that display maturity and complex behaviour. It is now recognized that neutrophils are transcriptionally active and respond to plethora of signals by deploying a wide variety of cargo to influence the activity of other cells in the vicinity. Neutrophils can regulate macrophage behaviour, display innate immune memory, and play a major role in the resolution of inflammation in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we provide an update on the factors that regulate neutrophil production and the emerging dichotomous role of neutrophils in the context of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in atherosclerosis and the ensuing complications, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Deciphering the complex behaviour of neutrophils during inflammation and resolution may provide novel insights and in turn facilitate the development of potential therapeutic strategies to manage cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalkrishna Sreejit
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 W, 12th Ave, DHLRI 611A, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jillian Johnson
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 W, 12th Ave, DHLRI 611A, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Robert M Jaggers
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 W, 12th Ave, DHLRI 611A, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Albert Dahdah
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 W, 12th Ave, DHLRI 611A, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Nordin M J Hanssen
- Amsterdam Diabetes Centrum, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location Academic Medical Centre Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Pérez-Olivares L, Soehnlein O. Contemporary Lifestyle and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: An Emerging Link in Atherosclerosis Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1985. [PMID: 34440753 PMCID: PMC8394440 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular genetic material decorated with proteins of nuclear, granular and cytosolic origin that activated neutrophils expel under pathogenic inflammatory conditions. NETs are part of the host's innate immune defense system against invading pathogens. Interestingly, these extracellular structures can also be released in response to sterile inflammatory stimuli (e.g., shear stress, lipidic molecules, pro-thrombotic factors, aggregated platelets, or pro-inflammatory cytokines), as in atherosclerosis disease. Indeed, NETs have been identified in the intimal surface of diseased arteries under cardiovascular disease conditions, where they sustain inflammation via NET-mediated cell-adhesion mechanisms and promote cellular dysfunction and tissue damage via NET-associated cytotoxicity. This review will focus on (1) the active role of neutrophils and NETs as underestimated players of the inflammatory process during atherogenesis and lesion progression; (2) how these extracellular structures communicate with the main cell types present in the atherosclerotic lesion in the arterial wall; and (3) how these neutrophil effector functions interplay with lifestyle-derived risk factors such as an unbalanced diet, physical inactivity, smoking or lack of sleep quality, which represent major elements in the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Olivares
- Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institute, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Grégory Franck. Role of mechanical stress and neutrophils in the pathogenesis of plaque erosion. Atherosclerosis 2020; 318:60-69. [PMID: 33190807 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stress is a well-recognized driver of plaque rupture. Likewise, investigating the role of mechanical forces in plaque erosion has recently begun to provide some important insights, yet the knowledge is by far less advanced. The most significant example is that of shear stress, which has early been proposed as a possible driver for focal endothelial death and denudation. Recent findings using optical coherence tomography, computational sciences and mechanical models show that plaque erosion occurs most likely around atheromatous plaque throats with specific stress pattern. In parallel, we have recently shown that neutrophil-dependent inflammation promotes plaque erosion, possibly through a noxious action on ECs. Most importantly, spontaneous thrombosis - associated or not with EC denudation - can be impacted by hemodynamics, and it is now established that neutrophils promote thrombosis and platelet activation, highlighting a potential relationship between, mechanical stress, inflammation, and EC loss in the setting of coronary plaque erosion. Here, we review our current knowledge regarding the implication of both mechanical stress and neutrophils, and we discuss their implication in the promotion of plaque erosion via EC loss and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Franck
- Inserm LVTS U1148. CHU Bichat, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.
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12
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Gopal R, Marinelli MA, Alcorn JF. Immune Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Diseases Associated With Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570681. [PMID: 33193350 PMCID: PMC7642610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection causes 3-5 million cases of severe illness and 250,000-500,000 deaths worldwide annually. Although pneumonia is the most common complication associated with influenza, there are several reports demonstrating increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Several clinical case reports, as well as both prospective and retrospective studies, have shown that influenza can trigger cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction (MI), myocarditis, ventricular arrhythmia, and heart failure. A recent study has demonstrated that influenza-infected patients are at highest risk of having MI during the first seven days of diagnosis. Influenza virus infection induces a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and recruitment of immune cells as part of the host immune response. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in influenza-associated cardiovascular diseases will help to improve treatment plans. This review discusses the direct and indirect effects of influenza virus infection on triggering cardiovascular events. Further, we discussed the similarities and differences in epidemiological and pathogenic mechanisms involved in cardiovascular events associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Gopal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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13
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Bianchini M, Duchêne J, Santovito D, Schloss MJ, Evrard M, Winkels H, Aslani M, Mohanta SK, Horckmans M, Blanchet X, Lacy M, von Hundelshausen P, Atzler D, Habenicht A, Gerdes N, Pelisek J, Ng LG, Steffens S, Weber C, Megens RTA. PD-L1 expression on nonclassical monocytes reveals their origin and immunoregulatory function. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/36/eaar3054. [PMID: 31227596 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aar3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of nonclassical monocytes (NCMs) in health and disease is emerging, but their location and function within tissues remain poorly explored. Imaging of NCMs has been limited by the lack of an established single NCM marker. Here, we characterize the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1 (CD274) as an unequivocal marker for tracking NCMs in circulation and pinpoint their compartmentalized distribution in tissues by two-photon microscopy. Visualization of PD-L1+ NCMs in relation to bone marrow vasculature reveals that conversion of classical monocytes into NCMs requires contact with endosteal vessels. Furthermore, PD-L1+ NCMs are present in tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) under inflammatory conditions in both mice and humans, and NCMs exhibit a PD-L1-dependent immunomodulatory function that promotes T cell apoptosis within TLOs. Our findings establish an unambiguous tool for the investigation of NCMs and shed light on their origin and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaelvy Bianchini
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Duchêne
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Schloss
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilien Evrard
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Holger Winkels
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Aslani
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sarajo K Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Horckmans
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Xavier Blanchet
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lacy
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands
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14
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Soulet D, Lamontagne-Proulx J, Aubé B, Davalos D. Multiphoton intravital microscopy in small animals: motion artefact challenges and technical solutions. J Microsc 2020; 278:3-17. [PMID: 32072642 PMCID: PMC7187339 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since its invention 29 years ago, two‐photon laser‐scanning microscopy has evolved from a promising imaging technique, to an established widely available imaging modality used throughout the biomedical research community. The establishment of two‐photon microscopy as the preferred method for imaging fluorescently labelled cells and structures in living animals can be attributed to the biophysical mechanism by which the generation of fluorescence is accomplished. The use of powerful lasers capable of delivering infrared light pulses within femtosecond intervals, facilitates the nonlinear excitation of fluorescent molecules only at the focal plane and determines by objective lens position. This offers numerous benefits for studies of biological samples at high spatial and temporal resolutions with limited photo‐damage and superior tissue penetration. Indeed, these attributes have established two‐photon microscopy as the ideal method for live‐animal imaging in several areas of biology and have led to a whole new field of study dedicated to imaging biological phenomena in intact tissues and living organisms. However, despite its appealing features, two‐photon intravital microscopy is inherently limited by tissue motion from heartbeat, respiratory cycles, peristalsis, muscle/vascular tone and physiological functions that change tissue geometry. Because these movements impede temporal and spatial resolution, they must be properly addressed to harness the full potential of two‐photon intravital microscopy and enable accurate data analysis and interpretation. In addition, the sources and features of these motion artefacts are varied, sometimes unpredictable and unique to specific organs and multiple complex strategies have previously been devised to address them. This review will discuss these motion artefacts requirement and technical solutions for their correction and after intravital two‐photon microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Soulet
- Centre de recherche du CHUL, Department of Neurosciences, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Lamontagne-Proulx
- Centre de recherche du CHUL, Department of Neurosciences, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - B Aubé
- Centre de recherche du CHUL, Department of Neurosciences, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Davalos
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
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15
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Abstract
Neutrophils have traditionally been viewed as bystanders or biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. However, studies in the past decade have demonstrated the important functions of neutrophils during cardiovascular inflammation and repair. In this Review, we discuss the influence of traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors on neutrophil production and function. We then appraise the current knowledge of the contribution of neutrophils to the different stages of atherosclerosis, including atherogenesis, plaque destabilization and plaque erosion. In the context of cardiovascular complications of atherosclerosis, we highlight the dichotomous role of neutrophils in pathogenic and repair processes in stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction and neointima formation. Finally, we emphasize how detailed knowledge of neutrophil functions in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease can be used to generate therapeutic strategies to target neutrophil numbers, functional status and effector mechanisms.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Hidalgo
- From the Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (A.H.)
| | - Alan R Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.R.T.)
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17
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van der Vorst EPC, Weber C. Novel Features of Monocytes and Macrophages in Cardiovascular Biology and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:e30-e37. [PMID: 30673349 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P C van der Vorst
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (E.P.C.v.d.V., C.W.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (E.P.C.v.d.V., C.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W.).,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (C.W.)
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18
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McArdle S, Buscher K, Ghosheh Y, Pramod AB, Miller J, Winkels H, Wolf D, Ley K. Migratory and Dancing Macrophage Subsets in Atherosclerotic Lesions. Circ Res 2019; 125:1038-1051. [PMID: 31594470 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Macrophages are essential regulators of atherosclerosis. They secrete cytokines, process lipoproteins and cholesterol, and take up apoptotic cells. Multiple subsets of plaque macrophages exist and their differential roles are emerging. OBJECTIVE Here, we explore macrophage heterogeneity in atherosclerosis plaques using transgenic fluorescent mice in which subsets of macrophages are labeled by GFP (green fluorescent protein), YFP (yellow fluorescent protein), neither, or both. The objective was to define migration patterns of the visible subsets and relate them to their phenotypes and transcriptomes. METHODS AND RESULTS Apoe-/- Cx3cr1GFP Cd11cYFP mice have 4 groups of macrophages in their aortas. The 3 visible subsets show varying movement characteristics. GFP and GFP+YFP+ macrophages extend and retract dendritic processes, dancing on the spot with little net movement while YFP macrophages have a more rounded shape and migrate along the arteries. RNA sequencing of sorted cells revealed significant differences in the gene expression patterns of the 4 subsets defined by GFP and YFP expression, especially concerning chemokine and cytokine expression, matrix remodeling, and cell shape dynamics. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that GFP+ cells have similar transcriptomes to cells found in arteries with tertiary lymphoid organs and regressing plaques while YFP+ cells were associated with progressing and stable plaques. CONCLUSIONS The combination of quantitative intravital imaging with deep transcriptomes identified 4 subsets of vascular macrophages in atherosclerosis that have unique transcriptomic profiles. Our data link vascular macrophage transcriptomes to their in vivo migratory function. Future work on the functional significance of the change in gene expression and motility characteristics will be needed to fully understand how these subsets contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara McArdle
- From the Microscopy Core Facility (S.M.), La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA.,Division of Inflammation Biology (S.M., K.B., Y.G., A.B.P., J.M., H.W., D.W., K.L.), La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA
| | - Konrad Buscher
- Division of Inflammation Biology (S.M., K.B., Y.G., A.B.P., J.M., H.W., D.W., K.L.), La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA.,Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, German (K.B.)
| | - Yanal Ghosheh
- Division of Inflammation Biology (S.M., K.B., Y.G., A.B.P., J.M., H.W., D.W., K.L.), La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA
| | - Akula Bala Pramod
- Division of Inflammation Biology (S.M., K.B., Y.G., A.B.P., J.M., H.W., D.W., K.L.), La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA
| | - Jacqueline Miller
- Division of Inflammation Biology (S.M., K.B., Y.G., A.B.P., J.M., H.W., D.W., K.L.), La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA
| | - Holger Winkels
- Division of Inflammation Biology (S.M., K.B., Y.G., A.B.P., J.M., H.W., D.W., K.L.), La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Division of Inflammation Biology (S.M., K.B., Y.G., A.B.P., J.M., H.W., D.W., K.L.), La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA.,University Heart Center and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany (D.W.)
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology (S.M., K.B., Y.G., A.B.P., J.M., H.W., D.W., K.L.), La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego (K.L.)
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19
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de Juan A, Ince LM, Pick R, Chen CS, Molica F, Zuchtriegel G, Wang C, Zhang D, Druzd D, Hessenauer MET, Pelli G, Kolbe I, Oster H, Prophete C, Hergenhan SM, Albrecht U, Ripperger J, Montanez E, Reichel CA, Soehnlein O, Kwak BR, Frenette PS, Scheiermann C. Artery-Associated Sympathetic Innervation Drives Rhythmic Vascular Inflammation of Arteries and Veins. Circulation 2019; 140:1100-1114. [PMID: 31401849 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.040232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of acute cardiovascular complications is highly time-of-day dependent. However, the mechanisms driving rhythmicity of ischemic vascular events are unknown. Although enhanced numbers of leukocytes have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, the role that rhythmic leukocyte adhesion plays in different vascular beds has not been studied. METHODS We evaluated leukocyte recruitment in vivo by using real-time multichannel fluorescence intravital microscopy of a tumor necrosis factor-α-induced acute inflammation model in both murine arterial and venous macrovasculature and microvasculature. These approaches were complemented with genetic, surgical, and pharmacological ablation of sympathetic nerves or adrenergic receptors to assess their relevance for rhythmic leukocyte adhesion. In addition, we genetically targeted the key circadian clock gene Bmal1 (also known as Arntl) in a lineage-specific manner to dissect the importance of oscillations in leukocytes and components of the vessel wall in this process. RESULTS In vivo quantitative imaging analyses of acute inflammation revealed a 24-hour rhythm in leukocyte recruitment to arteries and veins of the mouse macrovasculature and microvasculature. Unexpectedly, although in arteries leukocyte adhesion was highest in the morning, it peaked at night in veins. This phase shift was governed by a rhythmic microenvironment and a vessel type-specific oscillatory pattern in the expression of promigratory molecules. Differences in cell adhesion molecules and leukocyte adhesion were ablated when disrupting sympathetic nerves, demonstrating their critical role in this process and the importance of β2-adrenergic receptor signaling. Loss of the core clock gene Bmal1 in leukocytes, endothelial cells, or arterial mural cells affected the oscillations in a vessel type-specific manner. Rhythmicity in the intravascular reactivity of adherent leukocytes resulted in increased interactions with platelets in the morning in arteries and in veins at night with a higher predisposition to acute thrombosis at different times as a consequence. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings point to an important and previously unrecognized role of artery-associated sympathetic innervation in governing rhythmicity in vascular inflammation in both arteries and veins and its potential implications in the occurrence of time-of-day-dependent vessel type-specific thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba de Juan
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (A.d.J., L.M.I., R.P., C.-S.C., G.Z., D.D., M.E.T.H., S.M.H., E.M., C.A.R., C.S.)
| | - Louise Madeleine Ince
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (A.d.J., L.M.I., R.P., C.-S.C., G.Z., D.D., M.E.T.H., S.M.H., E.M., C.A.R., C.S.).,University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Department of Pathology and Immunology, Switzerland (L.M.I., F.M., C.W., G.P., B.R. K., C.S.)
| | - Robert Pick
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (A.d.J., L.M.I., R.P., C.-S.C., G.Z., D.D., M.E.T.H., S.M.H., E.M., C.A.R., C.S.)
| | - Chien-Sin Chen
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (A.d.J., L.M.I., R.P., C.-S.C., G.Z., D.D., M.E.T.H., S.M.H., E.M., C.A.R., C.S.)
| | - Filippo Molica
- University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Department of Pathology and Immunology, Switzerland (L.M.I., F.M., C.W., G.P., B.R. K., C.S.)
| | - Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (A.d.J., L.M.I., R.P., C.-S.C., G.Z., D.D., M.E.T.H., S.M.H., E.M., C.A.R., C.S.)
| | - Chen Wang
- University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Department of Pathology and Immunology, Switzerland (L.M.I., F.M., C.W., G.P., B.R. K., C.S.)
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research and Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (D.Z., C.P., P.S.F.)
| | - David Druzd
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (A.d.J., L.M.I., R.P., C.-S.C., G.Z., D.D., M.E.T.H., S.M.H., E.M., C.A.R., C.S.)
| | - Maximilian E T Hessenauer
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (A.d.J., L.M.I., R.P., C.-S.C., G.Z., D.D., M.E.T.H., S.M.H., E.M., C.A.R., C.S.)
| | - Graziano Pelli
- University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Department of Pathology and Immunology, Switzerland (L.M.I., F.M., C.W., G.P., B.R. K., C.S.)
| | - Isa Kolbe
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Germany (I.K., H.O.)
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Germany (I.K., H.O.)
| | - Colette Prophete
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research and Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (D.Z., C.P., P.S.F.)
| | - Sophia Martina Hergenhan
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (A.d.J., L.M.I., R.P., C.-S.C., G.Z., D.D., M.E.T.H., S.M.H., E.M., C.A.R., C.S.)
| | - Urs Albrecht
- University of Freiburg, Switzerland (U.A., J.R.)
| | | | - Eloi Montanez
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (A.d.J., L.M.I., R.P., C.-S.C., G.Z., D.D., M.E.T.H., S.M.H., E.M., C.A.R., C.S.)
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (A.d.J., L.M.I., R.P., C.-S.C., G.Z., D.D., M.E.T.H., S.M.H., E.M., C.A.R., C.S.)
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany (O.S.).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa) and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (O.S.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (O.S., C.S.)
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Department of Pathology and Immunology, Switzerland (L.M.I., F.M., C.W., G.P., B.R. K., C.S.)
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research and Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (D.Z., C.P., P.S.F.)
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (A.d.J., L.M.I., R.P., C.-S.C., G.Z., D.D., M.E.T.H., S.M.H., E.M., C.A.R., C.S.).,University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Department of Pathology and Immunology, Switzerland (L.M.I., F.M., C.W., G.P., B.R. K., C.S.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (O.S., C.S.)
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20
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Xu MM, Murphy PA, Vella AT. Activated T-effector seeds: cultivating atherosclerotic plaque through alternative activation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1354-H1365. [PMID: 30925075 PMCID: PMC6620674 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00148.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory pathology that precipitates substantial morbidity and mortality. Although initiated by physiological patterns of low and disturbed flow that differentially prime endothelial cells at sites of vessel branch points and curvature, the chronic, smoldering inflammation of atherosclerosis is accelerated by comorbidities involving inappropriate activation of the adaptive immune system, such as autoimmunity. The innate contributions to atherosclerosis, especially in the transition of monocyte to lipid-laden macrophage, are well established, but the mechanisms underpinning the infiltration, persistence, and effector dynamics of CD8 T cells in particular are not well understood. Adaptive immunity is centered on a classical cascade of antigen recognition and activation, costimulation, and effector cytokine secretion upon recall of antigen. However, chronic inflammation can generate alternative cues that supplant this behavior pattern and promote the retention and activation of peripherally activated T cells. Furthermore, the atherogenic foci that activated immune cell infiltrate are unique lipid-laden environments that offer a diverse array of stimuli, including those of survival, antigen hyporesponsiveness, and inflammatory cytokine expression. This review will focus on how known cardiovascular comorbidities may be influencing CD8 T-cell activation and how, once infiltrated within atherogenic foci, these T cells face a multitude of cues that skew the classical cascade of T-cell behavior, highlighting alternative modes of activation that may help contextualize associations of autoimmunity, viral infection, and immunotherapy with cardiovascular morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Patrick A Murphy
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
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21
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Li W, Gauthier JM, Kreisel D. Intravital imaging of leukocyte behavior in atherosclerosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:841-842. [PMID: 30674711 PMCID: PMC6382425 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jason M. Gauthier
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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22
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Ley K, Hoffman HM, Kubes P, Cassatella MA, Zychlinsky A, Hedrick CC, Catz SD. Neutrophils: New insights and open questions. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:eaat4579. [PMID: 30530726 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aat4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first line of defense against bacteria and fungi and help combat parasites and viruses. They are necessary for mammalian life, and their failure to recover after myeloablation is fatal. Neutrophils are short-lived, effective killing machines. Their life span is significantly extended under infectious and inflammatory conditions. Neutrophils take their cues directly from the infectious organism, from tissue macrophages and other elements of the immune system. Here, we review how neutrophils traffic to sites of infection or tissue injury, how they trap and kill bacteria, how they shape innate and adaptive immune responses, and the pathophysiology of monogenic neutrophil disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul Kubes
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marco A Cassatella
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 4, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Arturo Zychlinsky
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine C Hedrick
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sergio D Catz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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23
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Maas SL, Soehnlein O, Viola JR. Organ-Specific Mechanisms of Transendothelial Neutrophil Migration in the Lung, Liver, Kidney, and Aorta. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2739. [PMID: 30538702 PMCID: PMC6277681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are dependent on the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation. The classical leukocyte recruitment cascade, consisting of capture, rolling, arrest, adhesion, crawling, and transendothelial migration, is thoroughly studied but mostly in model systems, such as the cremasteric microcirculation. This cascade paradigm, which is widely accepted, might be applicable to many tissues, however recruitment mechanisms might substantially vary in different organs. Over the last decade, several studies shed light on organ-specific mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment. An improved awareness of this matter opens new therapeutic windows and allows targeting inflammation in a tissue-specific manner. The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the leukocyte recruitment in general and how this varies in different organs. In particular we focus on neutrophils, as these are the first circulating leukocytes to reach the site of inflammation. Specifically, the recruitment mechanism in large arteries, as well as vessels in the lungs, liver, and kidney will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne L Maas
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa) and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana R Viola
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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24
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Williams JW, Martel C, Potteaux S, Esaulova E, Ingersoll MA, Elvington A, Saunders BT, Huang LH, Habenicht AJ, Zinselmeyer BH, Randolph GJ. Limited Macrophage Positional Dynamics in Progressing or Regressing Murine Atherosclerotic Plaques-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1702-1710. [PMID: 29903736 PMCID: PMC6202234 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Macrophages play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but their dynamics within plaques remain obscure. We aimed to quantify macrophage positional dynamics within progressing and regressing atherosclerotic plaques. Approach and Results- In a stable intravital preparation, large asymmetrical foamy macrophages in the intima of carotid artery plaques were sessile, but smaller rounded cells nearer plaque margins, possibly newly recruited monocytes, mobilized laterally along plaque borders. Thus, to test macrophage dynamics in plaques over a longer period of time in progressing and regressing disease, we quantified displacement of nondegradable phagocytic particles within macrophages for up to 6 weeks. In progressing plaques, macrophage-associated particles appeared to mobilize to deeper layers in plaque, whereas in regressing plaques, the label was persistently located near the lumen. By measuring the distance of the particles from the floor of the plaque, we discovered that particles remained at the same distance from the floor regardless of plaque progression or regression. The apparent deeper penetration of labeled cells in progressing conditions could be attributed to monocyte recruitment that generated new superficial layers of macrophages over the labeled phagocytes. Conclusions- Although there may be individual exceptions, as a population, newly differentiated macrophages fail to penetrate significantly deeper than the limited depth they reside on initial entry, regardless of plaque progression, or regression. These limited dynamics may prevent macrophages from escaping areas with unfavorable conditions (such as hypoxia) and pose a challenge for newly recruited macrophages to clear debris through efferocytosis deep within plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W. Williams
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Stephane Potteaux
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Ekaterina Esaulova
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Molly A. Ingersoll
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Andrew Elvington
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Brian T. Saunders
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Li-Hao Huang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Andreas J. Habenicht
- Institute of Vascular Prevention; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd H. Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Gwendalyn J. Randolph
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029 USA
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25
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Li W, Luehmann HP, Hsiao HM, Tanaka S, Higashikubo R, Gauthier JM, Sultan D, Lavine KJ, Brody SL, Gelman AE, Gropler RJ, Liu Y, Kreisel D. Visualization of Monocytic Cells in Regressing Atherosclerotic Plaques by Intravital 2-Photon and Positron Emission Tomography-Based Imaging-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1030-1036. [PMID: 29567678 PMCID: PMC5920767 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aortic arch transplants have advanced our understanding of processes that contribute to progression and regression of atherosclerotic plaques. To characterize the dynamic behavior of monocytes and macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques over time, we developed a new model of cervical aortic arch transplantation in mice that is amenable to intravital imaging. APPROACH AND RESULTS Vascularized aortic arch grafts were transplanted heterotropically to the right carotid arteries of recipient mice using microsurgical suture techniques. To image immune cells in atherosclerotic lesions during regression, plaque-bearing aortic arch grafts from B6 ApoE-deficient donors were transplanted into syngeneic CX3CR1 GFP reporter mice. Grafts were evaluated histologically, and monocytic cells in atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-deficient grafts were imaged intravitally by 2-photon microscopy in serial fashion. In complementary experiments, CCR2+ cells in plaques were serially imaged by positron emission tomography using specific molecular probes. Plaques in ApoE-deficient grafts underwent regression after transplantation into normolipidemic hosts. Intravital imaging revealed clusters of largely immotile CX3CR1+ monocytes/macrophages in regressing plaques that had been recruited from the periphery. We observed a progressive decrease in CX3CR1+ monocytic cells in regressing plaques and a decrease in CCR2+ positron emission tomography signal during 4 months. CONCLUSIONS Cervical transplantation of atherosclerotic mouse aortic arches represents a novel experimental tool to investigate cellular mechanisms that contribute to the remodeling of atherosclerotic plaques.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/diagnostic imaging
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/transplantation
- Aortic Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Intravital Microscopy/methods
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Red Fluorescent Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | | | - Hsi-Min Hsiao
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | - Satona Tanaka
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | - Ryuji Higashikubo
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | - Jason M Gauthier
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew E Gelman
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology (A.E.G., D.K.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology (H.P.L., D.S., R.J.G., Y.L.)
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- From the Department of Surgery (W.L., H.-M.H., S.T., R.H., J.M.G., A.E.G., D.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology (A.E.G., D.K.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
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26
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Uhl B, Hirn S, Mildner K, Coletti R, Massberg S, Reichel CA, Rehberg M, Zeuschner D, Krombach F. The surface chemistry determines the spatio-temporal interaction dynamics of quantum dots in atherosclerotic lesions. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:623-638. [PMID: 29334311 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To optimize the design of nanoparticles for diagnosis or therapy of vascular diseases, it is mandatory to characterize the determinants of nano-bio interactions in vascular lesions. MATERIALS & METHODS Using ex vivo and in vivo microscopy, we analyzed the interactive behavior of quantum dots with different surface functionalizations in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE-deficient mice. RESULTS We demonstrate that quantum dots with different surface functionalizations exhibit specific interactive behaviors with distinct molecular and cellular components of the injured vessel wall. Moreover, we show a role for fibrinogen in the regulation of the spatio-temporal interaction dynamics in atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSION Our findings emphasize the relevance of surface chemistry-driven nano-bio interactions on the differential in vivo behavior of nanoparticles in diseased tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Uhl
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hirn
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karina Mildner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Raffaele Coletti
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke & Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Fritz Krombach
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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27
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Murphy PA, Butty VL, Boutz PL, Begum S, Kimble AL, Sharp PA, Burge CB, Hynes RO. Alternative RNA splicing in the endothelium mediated in part by Rbfox2 regulates the arterial response to low flow. eLife 2018; 7:29494. [PMID: 29293084 PMCID: PMC5771670 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low and disturbed blood flow drives the progression of arterial diseases including atherosclerosis and aneurysms. The endothelial response to flow and its interactions with recruited platelets and leukocytes determine disease progression. Here, we report widespread changes in alternative splicing of pre-mRNA in the flow-activated murine arterial endothelium in vivo. Alternative splicing was suppressed by depletion of platelets and macrophages recruited to the arterial endothelium under low and disturbed flow. Binding motifs for the Rbfox-family are enriched adjacent to many of the regulated exons. Endothelial deletion of Rbfox2, the only family member expressed in arterial endothelium, suppresses a subset of the changes in transcription and RNA splicing induced by low flow. Our data reveal an alternative splicing program activated by Rbfox2 in the endothelium on recruitment of platelets and macrophages and demonstrate its relevance in transcriptional responses during flow-driven vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Murphy
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Paul L Boutz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Shahinoor Begum
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States
| | - Amy L Kimble
- Center for Vascular Biology, UCONN Health, Farmington, United States
| | - Phillip A Sharp
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Richard O Hynes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States
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28
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Small DM, Jones JS, Tendler II, Miller PE, Ghetti A, Nishimura N. Label-free imaging of atherosclerotic plaques using third-harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:214-229. [PMID: 29359098 PMCID: PMC5772576 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy using laser sources in the mid-infrared range (MIR, 1,300 nm and 1,700 nm) was used to image atherosclerotic plaques from murine and human samples. Third harmonic generation (THG) from atherosclerotic plaques revealed morphological details of cellular and extracellular lipid deposits. Simultaneous nonlinear optical signals from the same laser source, including second harmonic generation and endogenous fluorescence, resulted in label-free images of various layers within the diseased vessel wall. The THG signal adds an endogenous contrast mechanism with a practical degree of specificity for atherosclerotic plaques that complements current nonlinear optical methods for the investigation of cardiovascular disease. Our use of whole-mount tissue and backward scattered epi-detection suggests THG could potentially be used in the future as a clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Small
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 526 N. Campus Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Contributed equally
| | - Jason S. Jones
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 526 N. Campus Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Contributed equally
| | - Irwin I. Tendler
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 526 N. Campus Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Paul E. Miller
- Anabios Corporation, 3030 Bunker Hill St., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Andre Ghetti
- Anabios Corporation, 3030 Bunker Hill St., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 526 N. Campus Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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29
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Buscher K, Marcovecchio P, Hedrick CC, Ley K. Patrolling Mechanics of Non-Classical Monocytes in Vascular Inflammation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:80. [PMID: 29312957 PMCID: PMC5742122 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-classical monocytes have emerged as the preeminent vascular housekeepers. Continuous intravascular screening is enabled by slow patrolling on the endothelium and allows a rapid response to local perturbations. Intravital imaging has been crucial to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and migratory phenotype of patrolling. In this review, we discuss technical requirements of intravital microscopy such as imaging modalities, labeling strategies, and data analysis. We further focus on patrolling kinetics and adhesion receptors in different organs and vascular beds including arteries during homeostasis and vascular inflammation and define pertinent questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Buscher
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paola Marcovecchio
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Catherine C Hedrick
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
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30
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Hosseini E, Ghasemzadeh M. Intravascular leukocyte migration through platelet thrombi: directing leukocytes to sites of vascular injury. Thromb Haemost 2017; 113:1224-35. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-08-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SummaryLeukocytes recruitment to thrombi supports an intimate cellular interaction leading to the enhancement of pro-coagulant functions and pro-inflammatory responses at site of vascular injury. Recent observations of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation and its mutual reactions with platelet thrombi adds more clinical interest to the growing body of knowledge in the field of platelet-leukocyte crosstalk. However, having considered thrombus as a barrier between leukocytes and injured endothelium, the full inflammatory roles of these cells during thrombosis is still ill defined. The most recent observation of neutrophils migration into the thrombi is a phenomenon that highlights the inflammatory functions of leukocytes at the site of injury. It has been hypothesised that leukocytes migration might be associated with the conveyance of highly reactive pro-inflammatory and/or procoagulant mediators to sites of vascular injury. In addition, the evidence of neutrophils migration into arterial thrombi following traumatic and ischaemia-reperfusion injury highlights the already described role of these cells in atherosclerosis. Regardless of the mechanisms behind leukocyte migration, whether these migrated cells benefit normal homeostasis by their involvement in wound healing and vascular rebuilding or they increase unwilling inflammatory responses, could be of interest for future researches that provide new insight into biological importance of leukocyte recruitment to thrombi.
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31
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Wu Z, Rademakers T, Kiessling F, Vogt M, Westein E, Weber C, Megens RT, van Zandvoort M. Multi-photon microscopy in cardiovascular research. Methods 2017; 130:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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32
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Nicolás-Ávila JÁ, Adrover JM, Hidalgo A. Neutrophils in Homeostasis, Immunity, and Cancer. Immunity 2017; 46:15-28. [PMID: 28099862 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils were among the first leukocytes described and visualized by early immunologists. Prominent effector functions during infection and sterile inflammation classically placed them low in the immune tree as rapid, mindless aggressors with poor regulatory functions. This view is currently under reassessment as we uncover new aspects of their life cycle and identify transcriptional and phenotypic diversity that endows them with regulatory properties that extend beyond their lifetime in the circulation. These properties are revealing unanticipated roles for neutrophils in supporting homeostasis, as well as complex disease states such as cancer. We focus this review on these emerging functions in order to define the true roles of neutrophils in homeostasis, immunity, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ángel Nicolás-Ávila
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid 20829, Spain
| | - José M Adrover
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid 20829, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid 20829, Spain; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80539, Germany.
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33
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Expression and Role of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Rat Peripheral Blood Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3869561. [PMID: 29081886 PMCID: PMC5610836 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3869561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) play an important role in many tissues and organs that are involved in inflammatory reactions. Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are important inflammatory cells. However, the expression and functions of CaSR in peripheral blood PMNs are still not reported. In this study, we collected rat peripheral blood PMNs to observe the relationship between CaSR and PMNs. From the results, we found first that the CaSR protein was expressed in PMNs, and it increased after PMNs were activated with fMLP. In addition, CaSR activator cincalcet promoted the expression of CaSR and P-p65 (NF-κB signaling pathway protein) and Bcl-xl (antiapoptosis protein), and it increased the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and myeloperoxidase (MPO); meanwhile, it decreased proapoptosis protein Bax expression and the production of IL-10 and reactive oxygen species (ROS). At the same time, cincalcet also decreased the PMN apoptosis rate analyzed by flow cytometry. However, CaSR inhibitor NPS-2143 and NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor PDTC reverse the results cited earlier. All of these results indicated that CaSR can regulate PMN functions and status to play a role in inflammation, which is probably through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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34
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Abstract
Myeloid cell recruitment to sites of infection and injury started out as a simple model that has been referred to as the universal concept of leukocyte recruitment. However, as we gain more insight into the different mechanisms, it is becoming clear that each organ and perhaps even each cell has its own unique mechanism of recruitment. Moreover, as the ability to visualize specific cell types in specific organs becomes more accessible, it is also becoming clear that there are resident populations of leukocytes, some within the tissues and others attached to the vasculature of tissues, the latter poised to affect the local environment. In this review, we will first highlight the imaging approaches that have allowed us to gain spectacular insight into locale and function of specific cell types, and then we will discuss what we have learned from this approach as far as myeloid cells are concerned. We will also highlight some of the gaps in our knowledge, which exist almost certainly because of the challenges of being able to visualize certain compartments of the body.
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35
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Secklehner J, Lo Celso C, Carlin LM. Intravital microscopy in historic and contemporary immunology. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:506-513. [PMID: 28366932 PMCID: PMC6095455 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss intravital microscopy of immune cells, starting from its historic origins to current applications in diverse organs. It is clear from a quantitative review of the literature that intravital microscopy is a key tool in both historic and contemporary immunological research, providing unique advances in our understanding of immune responses. We have chosen to focus this review on how intravital microscopy methodologies are used to image specific organs or systems and we present recent descriptions of fundamental immunological processes that could not have been achieved by other methods. The following target organs/systems are discussed in more detail: cremaster muscle, skin (ear and dorsal skin fold chamber), lymph node, liver, lung, mesenteric vessels, carotid artery, bone marrow, brain, spleen, foetus and lastly vessels of the knee joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Secklehner
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Campus, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1A 1AT, UK
| | - Leo M. Carlin
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Campus, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Abstract
Sections of paraffin embedded tissues are routinely used for studying tissue histology and histopathology. However, it is difficult to determine what the three-dimensional tissue morphology is from such sections. In addition, the sections of tissues examined may not contain the region within the tissue that is necessary for the purpose of the ongoing study. This latter limitation hinders histopathological studies of blood vessels since vascular lesions develop in a focalized manner. This requires a method that enables us to survey a wide area of the blood vessel wall, from its surface to deeper regions. A whole mount en face preparation of blood vessels fulfills this requirement. In this article, we will demonstrate how to make en face preparations of the mouse aorta and carotid artery and to immunofluorescently stain them for confocal microscopy and other types of fluorescence-based imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center;
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37
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, both in the general population and among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In most cases, the underlying cause of the cardiovascular event is atherosclerosis - a chronic inflammatory disease. CKD accelerates atherosclerosis via augmentation of inflammation, perturbation of lipid metabolism, and other mechanisms. In the artery wall, subendothelial retention of plasma lipoproteins triggers monocyte-derived macrophages and T helper type 1 (TH1) cells to form atherosclerotic plaques. Inflammation is initiated by innate immune reactions to modified lipoproteins and is perpetuated by TH1 cells that react to autoantigens from the apolipoprotein B100 protein of LDL. Other T cells are also active in atherosclerotic lesions; regulatory T cells inhibit pathological inflammation, whereas TH17 cells can promote plaque fibrosis. The slow build-up of atherosclerotic plaques is asymptomatic, but plaque rupture or endothelial erosion can induce thrombus formation, leading to myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke. Targeting risk factors for atherosclerosis has reduced mortality, but a need exists for novel therapies to stabilize plaques and to treat arterial inflammation. Patients with CKD would likely benefit from such preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gisterå
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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38
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a consequence of genetic and environmental risk factors that together generate arterial wall and cardiac pathologies. Blood vessels connect multiple systems throughout the entire body and allow organs to interact via circulating messengers. These same interactions facilitate nervous and metabolic system's influence on cardiovascular health. Multiparametric imaging offers the opportunity to study these interfacing systems' distinct processes, to quantify their interactions, and to explore how these contribute to cardiovascular disease. Noninvasive multiparametric imaging techniques are emerging tools that can further our understanding of this complex and dynamic interplay. Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging and multichannel optical imaging are particularly promising because they can simultaneously sample multiple biomarkers. Preclinical multiparametric diagnostics could help discover clinically relevant biomarker combinations pivotal for understanding cardiovascular disease. Interfacing systems important to cardiovascular disease include the immune, nervous, and hematopoietic systems. These systems connect with classical cardiovascular organs, such as the heart and vasculature, and with the brain. The dynamic interplay between these systems and organs enables processes, such as hemostasis, inflammation, angiogenesis, matrix remodeling, metabolism, and fibrosis. As the opportunities provided by imaging expand, mapping interconnected systems will help us decipher the complexity of cardiovascular disease and monitor novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Vandoorne
- From the Center for Systems Biology (K.V., M.N.) and Department of Imaging (K.V., M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.N.)
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- From the Center for Systems Biology (K.V., M.N.) and Department of Imaging (K.V., M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.N.).
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39
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Quintar A, McArdle S, Wolf D, Marki A, Ehinger E, Vassallo M, Miller J, Mikulski Z, Ley K, Buscher K. Endothelial Protective Monocyte Patrolling in Large Arteries Intensified by Western Diet and Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2017; 120:1789-1799. [PMID: 28302649 PMCID: PMC5446289 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Nonclassical mouse monocyte (CX3CR1high, Ly-6Clow) patrolling along the vessels of the microcirculation is critical for endothelial homeostasis and inflammation. Because of technical challenges, it is currently not established how patrolling occurs in large arteries. Objective: This study was undertaken to elucidate the molecular, migratory, and functional phenotypes of patrolling monocytes in the high shear and pulsatile environment of large arteries in healthy, hyperlipidemic, and atherosclerotic conditions. Methods and Results: Applying a new method for stable, long-term 2-photon intravital microscopy of unrestrained large arteries in live CX3CR1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) mice, we show that nonclassical monocytes patrol inside healthy carotid arteries at a velocity of 36 μm/min, 3× faster than in microvessels. The tracks are less straight but lead preferentially downstream. The number of patrolling monocytes is increased 9-fold by feeding wild-type mice a Western diet or by applying topical TLR7/8 (Toll-like receptor) agonists. A similar increase is seen in CX3CR1+/GFP/apoE−/− mice on chow diet, with a further 2- to 3-fold increase on Western diet (22-fold over healthy). In plaque conditions, monocytes are readily captured onto the endothelium from free flow. Stable patrolling is unaffected in CX3CR1-deficient mice and involves the contribution of LFA-1 (lymphocyte-associated antigen 1) and α4 integrins. The endothelial damage in atherosclerotic carotid arteries was assessed by electron microscopy and correlates with the number of intraluminal patrollers. Abolishing patrolling monocytes in Nr4a1−/− apoE−/− mice leads to pronounced endothelial apoptosis. Conclusions: Arterial patrolling is a prominent new feature of nonclassical monocytes with unique molecular and kinetic properties. It is highly upregulated in hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in a CX3CR1-independent fashion and plays a potential role in endothelial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amado Quintar
- From the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, CA (A.Q., S.M., D.W., A.M., E.E., M.V., J.M., Z.M., K.L., K.B.); and Centro de Microscopia Electronica, INICSA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina (A.Q.)
| | - Sara McArdle
- From the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, CA (A.Q., S.M., D.W., A.M., E.E., M.V., J.M., Z.M., K.L., K.B.); and Centro de Microscopia Electronica, INICSA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina (A.Q.)
| | - Dennis Wolf
- From the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, CA (A.Q., S.M., D.W., A.M., E.E., M.V., J.M., Z.M., K.L., K.B.); and Centro de Microscopia Electronica, INICSA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina (A.Q.)
| | - Alex Marki
- From the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, CA (A.Q., S.M., D.W., A.M., E.E., M.V., J.M., Z.M., K.L., K.B.); and Centro de Microscopia Electronica, INICSA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina (A.Q.)
| | - Erik Ehinger
- From the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, CA (A.Q., S.M., D.W., A.M., E.E., M.V., J.M., Z.M., K.L., K.B.); and Centro de Microscopia Electronica, INICSA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina (A.Q.)
| | - Melanie Vassallo
- From the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, CA (A.Q., S.M., D.W., A.M., E.E., M.V., J.M., Z.M., K.L., K.B.); and Centro de Microscopia Electronica, INICSA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina (A.Q.)
| | - Jacqueline Miller
- From the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, CA (A.Q., S.M., D.W., A.M., E.E., M.V., J.M., Z.M., K.L., K.B.); and Centro de Microscopia Electronica, INICSA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina (A.Q.)
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- From the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, CA (A.Q., S.M., D.W., A.M., E.E., M.V., J.M., Z.M., K.L., K.B.); and Centro de Microscopia Electronica, INICSA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina (A.Q.)
| | - Klaus Ley
- From the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, CA (A.Q., S.M., D.W., A.M., E.E., M.V., J.M., Z.M., K.L., K.B.); and Centro de Microscopia Electronica, INICSA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina (A.Q.)
| | - Konrad Buscher
- From the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, CA (A.Q., S.M., D.W., A.M., E.E., M.V., J.M., Z.M., K.L., K.B.); and Centro de Microscopia Electronica, INICSA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina (A.Q.).
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40
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Soehnlein O, Steffens S, Hidalgo A, Weber C. Neutrophils as protagonists and targets in chronic inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:248-261. [PMID: 28287106 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, neutrophils have been acknowledged to be the first immune cells that are recruited to an inflamed tissue and have mainly been considered in the context of acute inflammation. By contrast, their importance during chronic inflammation has been studied in less depth. This Review aims to summarize our current understanding of the roles of neutrophils in chronic inflammation, with a focus on how they communicate with other immune and non-immune cells within tissues. We also scrutinize the roles of neutrophils in wound healing and the resolution of inflammation, and finally, we outline emerging therapeutic strategies that target neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinksa Institutet, von Eulers Väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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41
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Cortese R, Gileles-Hillel A, Khalyfa A, Almendros I, Akbarpour M, Khalyfa AA, Qiao Z, Garcia T, Andrade J, Gozal D. Aorta macrophage inflammatory and epigenetic changes in a murine model of obstructive sleep apnea: Potential role of CD36. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43648. [PMID: 28240319 PMCID: PMC5327416 DOI: 10.1038/srep43648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 8-10% of the population, is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), and causally associates with cardiovascular morbidities. In CIH-exposed mice, closely mimicking the chronicity of human OSA, increased accumulation and proliferation of pro-inflammatory metabolic M1-like macrophages highly expressing CD36, emerged in aorta. Transcriptomic and MeDIP-seq approaches identified activation of pro-atherogenic pathways involving a complex interplay of histone modifications in functionally-relevant biological pathways, such as inflammation and oxidative stress in aorta macrophages. Discontinuation of CIH did not elicit significant improvements in aorta wall macrophage phenotype. However, CIH-induced aorta changes were absent in CD36 knockout mice, Our results provide mechanistic insights showing that CIH exposures during sleep in absence of concurrent pro-atherogenic settings (i.e., genetic propensity or dietary manipulation) lead to the recruitment of CD36(+)high macrophages to the aortic wall and trigger atherogenesis. Furthermore, long-term CIH-induced changes may not be reversible with usual OSA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Cortese
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alex Gileles-Hillel
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ahamed A Khalyfa
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhuanghong Qiao
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tzintzuni Garcia
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jorge Andrade
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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42
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Karreman MA, Hyenne V, Schwab Y, Goetz JG. Intravital Correlative Microscopy: Imaging Life at the Nanoscale. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:848-863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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43
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Alard JE, Ortega-Gomez A, Wichapong K, Bongiovanni D, Horckmans M, Megens RTA, Leoni G, Ferraro B, Rossaint J, Paulin N, Ng J, Ippel H, Suylen D, Hinkel R, Blanchet X, Gaillard F, D'Amico M, von Hundelshausen P, Zarbock A, Scheiermann C, Hackeng TM, Steffens S, Kupatt C, Nicolaes GAF, Weber C, Soehnlein O. Recruitment of classical monocytes can be inhibited by disturbing heteromers of neutrophil HNP1 and platelet CCL5. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:317ra196. [PMID: 26659570 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad5330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In acute and chronic inflammation, neutrophils and platelets, both of which promote monocyte recruitment, are often activated simultaneously. We investigated how secretory products of neutrophils and platelets synergize to enhance the recruitment of monocytes. We found that neutrophil-borne human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP1, α-defensin) and platelet-derived CCL5 form heteromers. These heteromers stimulate monocyte adhesion through CCR5 ligation. We further determined structural features of HNP1-CCL5 heteromers and designed a stable peptide that could disturb proinflammatory HNP1-CCL5 interactions. This peptide attenuated monocyte and macrophage recruitment in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. These results establish the in vivo relevance of heteromers formed between proteins released from neutrophils and platelets and show the potential of targeting heteromer formation to resolve acute or chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Eric Alard
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Almudena Ortega-Gomez
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University Maastricht, 6200 Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dario Bongiovanni
- Medizinische Klinik I, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Horckmans
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany. Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University Maastricht, 6200 Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Giovanna Leoni
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Bartolo Ferraro
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany. Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nicole Paulin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Judy Ng
- Medizinische Klinik I, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Ippel
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University Maastricht, 6200 Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dennis Suylen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University Maastricht, 6200 Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany. Medizinische Klinik I, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany. German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Xavier Blanchet
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Fanny Gaillard
- Roscoff Biological Station, Pierre et Marie Curie University, 29682 Paris, France
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University Maastricht, 6200 Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany. German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Medizinische Klinik I, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany. German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerry A F Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University Maastricht, 6200 Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany. Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University Maastricht, 6200 Maastricht, Netherlands. German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany. German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany. Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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44
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Nestin(+) cells direct inflammatory cell migration in atherosclerosis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12706. [PMID: 27586429 PMCID: PMC5025806 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading death cause. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells participate in atherogenesis, but it is unclear whether other mesenchymal cells contribute to this process. Bone marrow (BM) nestin+ cells cooperate with endothelial cells in directing monocyte egress to bloodstream in response to infections. However, it remains unknown whether nestin+ cells regulate inflammatory cells in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Here, we show that nestin+ cells direct inflammatory cell migration during chronic inflammation. In Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice fed with high-fat diet, BM nestin+ cells regulate the egress of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils. In the aorta, nestin+ stromal cells increase ∼30 times and contribute to the atheroma plaque. Mcp1 deletion in nestin+ cells—but not in endothelial cells only— increases circulating inflammatory cells, but decreases their aortic infiltration, delaying atheroma plaque formation and aortic valve calcification. Therefore, nestin expression marks cells that regulate inflammatory cell migration during atherosclerosis. Bone marrow cells producing the intermediate filament nestin guide monocyte egress to the bloodstream in response to infection. Here, the authors show that nestin-producing stromal cells direct inflammatory cell migration in atherosclerosis, and that stromal Mcp1 is crucial in this process.
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45
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Nus M, Martínez-Poveda B, MacGrogan D, Chevre R, D'Amato G, Sbroggio M, Rodríguez C, Martínez-González J, Andrés V, Hidalgo A, de la Pompa JL. Endothelial Jag1-RBPJ signalling promotes inflammatory leucocyte recruitment and atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 112:568-580. [PMID: 27496872 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine the role of NOTCH during the arterial injury response and the subsequent chronic arterial-wall inflammation underlying atherosclerosis. Methods and results We have generated a mouse model of endothelial-specific (Cdh5-driven) depletion of the Notch effector recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ) [(ApoE-/-); homozygous RBPJk conditional mice (RBPJflox/flox); Cadherin 5-CreERT, tamoxifen inducible driver mice (Cdh5-CreERT)]. Endothelial-specific deletion of RBPJ or systemic deletion of Notch1 in athero-susceptible ApoE-/- mice fed a high-cholesterol diet for 6 weeks resulted in reduced atherosclerosis in the aortic arch and sinus. Intravital microscopy revealed decreased leucocyte rolling on the endothelium of ApoE-/-; RBPJflox/flox; Cdh5-CreERT mice, correlating with a lowered content of leucocytes and macrophages in the vascular wall. Transcriptome analysis revealed down-regulation of proinflammatory and endothelial activation pathways in atherosclerotic tissue of RBPJ-mutant mice. During normal Notch activation, Jagged1 signalling up-regulation in endothelial cells promotes nuclear translocation of the Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) and its physical interaction with nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). This N1ICD-NF-κB interaction is required for reciprocal transactivation of target genes, including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Conclusions Notch signalling pathway inactivation decreases leucocyte rolling, thereby preventing endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation. Attenuation of Notch signalling might provide a treatment strategy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Nus
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, West Forvie Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Donal MacGrogan
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Chevre
- Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, CNIC, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gaetano D'Amato
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauro Sbroggio
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), IIB Sant Pau. Sant Antoni María Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), IIB Sant Pau. Sant Antoni María Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, CNIC, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Imaging Cardiovascular Inflammation and the Immune Response Laboratory, CNIC, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Ma X, Feng Y. Hypercholesterolemia Tunes Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells for Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1162. [PMID: 27447612 PMCID: PMC4964534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the pathological basis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerosis is featured as a chronic inflammation. Hypercholesterolemia is an independent risk factor for CVD. Accumulated studies have shown that hypercholesterolemia is associated with myeloid cell expansion, which stimulates innate and adaptive immune responses, strengthens inflammation, and accelerates atherosclerosis progression. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) in bone marrow (BM) expresses a panel of lipoprotein receptors to control cholesterol homeostasis. Deficiency of these receptors abrogates cellular cholesterol efflux, resulting in HSPC proliferation and differentiation in hypercholesterolemic mice. Reduction of the cholesterol level in the lipid rafts by infusion of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or its major apolipoprotein, apoA-I, reverses hypercholesterolemia-induced HSPC expansion. Apart from impaired cholesterol metabolism, inhibition of reactive oxygen species production suppresses HSPC activation and leukocytosis. These data indicate that the mechanisms underlying the effects of hypercholesterolemia on HSPC proliferation and differentiation could be multifaceted. Furthermore, dyslipidemia also regulates HSPC-neighboring cells, resulting in HSPC mobilization. In the article, we review how hypercholesterolemia evokes HSPC activation and mobilization directly or via its modification of BM microenvironment. We hope this review will bring light to finding key molecules to control HSPC expansion, inflammation, and atherosclerosis for the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.
| | - Yingmei Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.
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McArdle S, Mikulski Z, Ley K. Live cell imaging to understand monocyte, macrophage, and dendritic cell function in atherosclerosis. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1117-31. [PMID: 27270892 PMCID: PMC4925021 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ley et al. provide a review of the technology and accomplishments of dynamic imaging of myeloid cells in atherosclerosis. Intravital imaging is an invaluable tool for understanding the function of cells in healthy and diseased tissues. It provides a window into dynamic processes that cannot be studied by other techniques. This review will cover the benefits and limitations of various techniques for labeling and imaging myeloid cells, with a special focus on imaging cells in atherosclerotic arteries. Although intravital imaging is a powerful tool for understanding cell function, it alone does not provide a complete picture of the cell. Other techniques, such as flow cytometry and transcriptomics, must be combined with intravital imaging to fully understand a cell's phenotype, lineage, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara McArdle
- Division of Inflammation Biology and Microscopy Core, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Division of Inflammation Biology and Microscopy Core, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology and Microscopy Core, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
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48
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Jain R, Tikoo S, Weninger W. Recent advances in microscopic techniques for visualizing leukocytes in vivo. F1000Res 2016; 5:F1000 Faculty Rev-915. [PMID: 27239292 PMCID: PMC4874443 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8127.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes are inherently motile and interactive cells. Recent advances in intravital microscopy approaches have enabled a new vista of their behavior within intact tissues in real time. This brief review summarizes the developments enabling the tracking of immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Jain
- Immune Imaging Program, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shweta Tikoo
- Immune Imaging Program, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Immune Imaging Program, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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Chèvre R. Mechanical Stabilization of Mouse Carotid Artery for In Vivo Intravital Microscopy Imaging of Atherogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1339:349-55. [PMID: 26445802 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2929-0_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
We present here a procedure that allows real-time high-resolution multichannel imaging of early atherosclerotic lesions of live mice, by dramatically reducing the respiratory and pulsatile movements of the athero-susceptible carotid artery, without significantly altering blood flow dynamics. This surgical preparation can be combined with the use of various fluorescent probes and reporter mice to simultaneously visualize the dynamics of inflammatory leukocytes, platelets, or even subcellular structures. Stabilization of the tissue renders it suitable for two-photon laser scanning microscopic imaging and allows tracking the behavior of inflammatory cells in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Chèvre
- Department of Atherothrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, CNIC (Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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50
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Sreeramkumar V, Hidalgo A. Bone Marrow Transplantation in Mice to Study the Role of Hematopoietic Cells in Atherosclerosis. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1339:323-32. [PMID: 26445799 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2929-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation is a common approach to reconstitute the immune system of mice that have been subjected to marrow-ablative doses of radiation. This method can be used in the field of atherosclerosis to assess the contribution of hematopoietic cells of a desired genotype to disease pathogenesis. The engraftment of atherosclerosis-prone mice with donor cells that contain genetic alterations in cells of the innate or adaptive immune system has been invaluable to define the role of multiple gene products in atherosclerosis. Here, we describe the different steps involved in the bone marrow transplantation protocol along with specific guidelines regarding the theoretical and technical details of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinatha Sreeramkumar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. .,Institute Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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