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Nicolai L, Pekayvaz K, Massberg S. Platelets: Orchestrators of immunity in host defense and beyond. Immunity 2024; 57:957-972. [PMID: 38749398 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Platelets prevent blood loss during vascular injury and contribute to thrombus formation in cardiovascular disease. Beyond these classical roles, platelets are critical for the host immune response. They guard the vasculature against pathogens via specialized receptors, intracellular signaling cascades, and effector functions. Platelets also skew inflammatory responses by instructing innate immune cells, support adaptive immunosurveillance, and influence antibody production and T cell polarization. Concomitantly, platelets contribute to tissue reconstitution and maintain vascular function after inflammatory challenges. However, dysregulated activation of these multitalented cells exacerbates immunopathology with ensuing microvascular clotting, excessive inflammation, and elevated risk of macrovascular thrombosis. This dichotomy underscores the critical importance of precisely defining and potentially modulating platelet function in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Nicolai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Kami Pekayvaz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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2
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Kars ME, Wu Y, Stenson PD, Cooper DN, Burisch J, Peter I, Itan Y. The landscape of rare genetic variation associated with inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease comorbidity. Genome Med 2024; 16:66. [PMID: 38741190 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are chronic disorders that have been suggested to share common pathophysiological processes. LRRK2 has been implicated as playing a role in both diseases. Exploring the genetic basis of the IBD-PD comorbidity through studying high-impact rare genetic variants can facilitate the identification of the novel shared genetic factors underlying this comorbidity. METHODS We analyzed whole exomes from the BioMe BioBank and UK Biobank, and whole genomes from a cohort of 67 European patients diagnosed with both IBD and PD to examine the effects of LRRK2 missense variants on IBD, PD and their co-occurrence (IBD-PD). We performed optimized sequence kernel association test (SKAT-O) and network-based heterogeneity clustering (NHC) analyses using high-impact rare variants in the IBD-PD cohort to identify novel candidate genes, which we further prioritized by biological relatedness approaches. We conducted phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) employing BioMe BioBank and UK Biobank whole exomes to estimate the genetic relevance of the 14 prioritized genes to IBD-PD. RESULTS The analysis of LRRK2 missense variants revealed significant associations of the G2019S and N2081D variants with IBD-PD in addition to several other variants as potential contributors to increased or decreased IBD-PD risk. SKAT-O identified two significant genes, LRRK2 and IL10RA, and NHC identified 6 significant gene clusters that are biologically relevant to IBD-PD. We observed prominent overlaps between the enriched pathways in the known IBD, PD, and candidate IBD-PD gene sets. Additionally, we detected significantly enriched pathways unique to the IBD-PD, including MAPK signaling, LPS/IL-1 mediated inhibition of RXR function, and NAD signaling. Fourteen final candidate IBD-PD genes were prioritized by biological relatedness methods. The biological importance scores estimated by protein-protein interaction networks and pathway and ontology enrichment analyses indicated the involvement of genes related to immunity, inflammation, and autophagy in IBD-PD. Additionally, PheWAS provided support for the associations of candidate genes with IBD and PD. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms and uncovers new LRRK2 associations in IBD-PD. The identification of novel inflammation and autophagy-related genes supports and expands previous findings related to IBD-PD pathogenesis, and underscores the significance of therapeutic interventions for reducing systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Ece Kars
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yiming Wu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nan Chong, Si Chuan, 637009, China
| | - Peter D Stenson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Johan Burisch
- Gastrounit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Alle 30, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, 2650, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Alle 30, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, 2650, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Yuval Itan
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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3
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Thom CS, Davenport P, Fazelinia H, Soule-Albridge E, Liu ZJ, Zhang H, Feldman HA, Ding H, Roof J, Spruce LA, Ischiropoulos H, Sola-Visner M. Quantitative label-free mass spectrometry reveals content and signaling differences between neonatal and adult platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1447-1462. [PMID: 38160730 PMCID: PMC11055671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent clinical studies have shown that transfusions of adult platelets increase morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Neonatal platelets are hyporesponsive to agonist stimulation, and emerging evidence suggests developmental differences in platelet immune functions. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to compare the proteome and phosphoproteome of resting adult and neonatal platelets. METHODS We isolated resting umbilical cord blood-derived platelets from healthy full-term neonates (n = 8) and resting blood platelets from healthy adults (n = 6) and compared protein and phosphoprotein contents using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. RESULTS We identified 4770 platelet proteins with high confidence across all samples. Adult and neonatal platelets were clustered separately by principal component analysis. Adult platelets were significantly enriched in immunomodulatory proteins, including β2 microglobulin and CXCL12, whereas neonatal platelets were enriched in ribosomal components and proteins involved in metabolic activities. Adult platelets were enriched in phosphorylated GTPase regulatory enzymes and proteins participating in trafficking, which may help prime them for activation and degranulation. Neonatal platelets were enriched in phosphorylated proteins involved in insulin growth factor signaling. CONCLUSION Using label-free data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry, our findings expanded the known neonatal platelet proteome and identified important differences in protein content and phosphorylation between neonatal and adult platelets. These developmental differences suggested enhanced immune functions for adult platelets and presence of molecular machinery related to platelet activation. These findings are important to understanding mechanisms underlying key platelet functions as well as the harmful effects of adult platelet transfusions given to preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Patricia Davenport
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin Soule-Albridge
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhi-Jian Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haorui Zhang
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henry A Feldman
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hua Ding
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer Roof
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lynn A Spruce
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Yu J, Wang T, Zhang X, Chen Q, Hu Y, Liang Q, Shi Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yu M, Zhao B. Anti-thrombotic Effects Mediated by a Novel Dual-Target Peptide Inhibiting Both Platelet Aggregation and Thrombin Activity without Causing Bleeding. Thromb Haemost 2024; 124:108-121. [PMID: 37657484 DOI: 10.1055/a-2165-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical anticoagulants and antiplatelets are associated with high frequencies of bleeding complications or treatment failure when used as single agents. Thrombin plays an important role in the blood coagulation system. GP IIb/IIIa is the central receptor of platelets, which can recognize the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence and activate platelets. MATERIAL AND METHODS Molecular simulation and homology modeling were performed to design a novel dual-target anticoagulant short peptide (PTIP ). The activities of PTIP on coagulation and platelet in vitro were analyzed. The antithrombotic activity of PTIP was determined by pulmonary thromboembolism model, ferric chloride injury model and arteriovenous bypass thrombosis model. Bleeding effect and toxicity of PTIP were evaluated. RESULTS We have constructed a novel dual-target peptide (PTIP) based on the direct thrombin inhibitor peptide (DTIP). PTIP was expressed at high levels in Pichia pastoris. PTIP interfered with thrombin-mediated coagulation and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. When injected intravenously or subcutaneously, PTIP showed potent and dose-dependent extension of aPTT and PT which were similar to DTIP; but only PTIP was capable of inhibiting platelet aggregation. PTIP (1.0 mg/kg) decelerated thrombosis formation in venous and arterial vessels induced by FeCl3 injury. PTIP (1.0 mg/kg) also prevented deep venous thrombosis and increased the survival rate associated with pulmonary thromboembolism. And PTIP effectively reduced thrombus length in arteriovenous bypass thrombosis model. Moreover, the antithrombotic dose of PTIP could not induce bleeding. CONCLUSION These data establish that PTIP represents a novel antithrombotic agent whose effects involve both inhibition of platelet activation and reduction of fibrin generation. And PTIP not only can be used in venous thrombosis and arterial thrombosis, it can also replace the combined treatment of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs in thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianfa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chen
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Amoafo EB, Entsie P, Kang Y, Canobbio I, Liverani E. Platelet P2Y 12 signalling pathway in the dysregulated immune response during sepsis. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:532-546. [PMID: 37525937 PMCID: PMC10830899 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a complicated pathological condition in response to severe infection. It is characterized by a strong systemic inflammatory response, where multiple components of the immune system are involved. Currently, there is no treatment for sepsis. Blood platelets are known for their role in haemostasis, but they also participate in inflammation through cell-cell interaction and the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Interestingly, an increase in platelet activation, secretion, and aggregation with other immune cells (such as monocytes, T-lymphocytes and neutrophils) has been detected in septic patients. Therefore, antiplatelet therapy in terms of P2Y12 antagonists has been evaluated as a possible treatment for sepis. It was found that blocking P2Y12 receptors decreased platelet marker expression and limited attachment to immune cells in some studies, but not in others. This review addresses the role of platelets in sepsis and discusses whether antagonizing P2Y12 signalling pathways can alter the disease outcome. Challenges in studying P2Y12 antagonists in sepsis also are discussed. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Platelet purinergic receptor and non-thrombotic disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Boadi Amoafo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Philomena Entsie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Ying Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Liverani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Davenport P, Soule-Albridge E, Sola-Visner M. Hemostatic and Immunologic Effects of Platelet Transfusions in Neonates. Clin Perinatol 2023; 50:793-803. [PMID: 37866848 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Liberal platelet transfusions are associated with increased morbidity and mortality among preterm neonates, and it is now recognized that platelets are both hemostatic and immune cells. Neonatal and adult platelets are functionally distinct, and adult platelets have the potential to be more immuno-active. Preclinical studies suggest that platelet transfusions (from adult donors) can trigger dysregulated immune responses in neonates, which might mediate the increased morbidity and mortality observed in clinical studies. More research is needed to understand how neonatal and adult platelets differ in their immune functions and the consequences of these differences in the setting of neonatal platelet transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Davenport
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Enders 954, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Erin Soule-Albridge
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Enders 950.5, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Enders 961, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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7
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Ye Y, Yang L, Leng M, Wang Q, Wu J, Wan W, Wang H, Li L, Peng Y, Chai S, Meng Z. Luteolin inhibits GPVI-mediated platelet activation, oxidative stress, and thrombosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1255069. [PMID: 38026984 PMCID: PMC10644720 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1255069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Luteolin inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation, but the mechanisms are unclear. This study investigated the effects of luteolin on GPVI-mediated platelet activation in vitro and explored the effect of luteolin on thrombosis, coagulation, and platelet production in vivo. Methods: Washed human platelets were used for aggregation, membrane protein expression, ATP, Ca2+, and LDH release, platelet adhesion/spreading, and clot retraction experiments. Washed human platelets were used to detect collagen and convulxin-induced reactive oxygen species production and endogenous antioxidant effects. C57BL/6 male mice were used for ferric chloride-induced mesenteric thrombosis, collagen-epinephrine induced acute pulmonary embolism, tail bleeding, coagulation function, and luteolin toxicity experiments. The interaction between luteolin and GPVI was analyzed using solid phase binding assay and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Results: Luteolin inhibited collagen- and convulxin-mediated platelet aggregation, adhesion, and release. Luteolin inhibited collagen- and convulxin-induced platelet ROS production and increased platelet endogenous antioxidant capacity. Luteolin reduced convulxin-induced activation of ITAM and MAPK signaling molecules. Molecular docking simulation showed that luteolin forms hydrogen bonds with GPVI. The solid phase binding assay showed that luteolin inhibited the interaction between collagen and GPVI. Surface plasmon resonance showed that luteolin bonded GPVI. Luteolin inhibited integrin αIIbβ3-mediated platelet activation. Luteolin inhibited mesenteric artery thrombosis and collagen- adrenergic-induced pulmonary thrombosis in mice. Luteolin decreased oxidative stress in vivo. Luteolin did not affect coagulation, hemostasis, or platelet production in mice. Discussion: Luteolin may be an effective and safe antiplatelet agent target for GPVI. A new mechanism (decreased oxidative stress) for the anti-platelet activity of luteolin has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhaohui Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Zhao J, Xu X, Gao Y, Yu Y, Li C. Crosstalk between Platelets and SARS-CoV-2: Implications in Thrombo-Inflammatory Complications in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14133. [PMID: 37762435 PMCID: PMC10531760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, causing the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, has been reported to affect platelets and cause increased thrombotic events, hinting at the possible bidirectional interactions between platelets and the virus. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the increased thrombotic events as well as altered platelet count and activity in COVID-19. Inspired by existing knowledge on platelet-pathogen interactions, we propose several potential antiviral strategies that platelets might undertake to combat SARS-CoV-2, including their abilities to internalize the virus, release bioactive molecules to interfere with viral infection, and modulate the functions of immune cells. Moreover, we discuss current and potential platelet-targeted therapeutic strategies in controlling COVID-19, including antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants, and inflammation-targeting treatments. These strategies have shown promise in clinical settings to alleviate the severity of thrombo-inflammatory complications and reduce the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, an in-depth understanding of platelet-SARS-CoV-2 interactions may uncover novel mechanisms underlying severe COVID-19 complications and could provide new therapeutic avenues for managing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yijing Yu
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (J.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.G.)
| | - Conglei Li
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (J.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.G.)
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9
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Thom CS, Davenport P, Fazelinia H, Liu ZJ, Zhang H, Ding H, Roof J, Spruce LA, Ischiropoulos H, Sola-Visner M. Phosphoproteomics reveals content and signaling differences between neonatal and adult platelets. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.13.557268. [PMID: 37745418 PMCID: PMC10515911 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Recent clinical studies have shown that transfusions of adult platelets increase morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Neonatal platelets are hyporesponsive to agonist stimulation, and emerging evidence suggests developmental differences in platelet immune functions. This study was designed to compare the proteome and phosphoproteome of resting adult and neonatal platelets. Methods We isolated resting umbilical cord blood-derived platelets from healthy full term neonates (n=9) and resting blood platelets from healthy adults (n=7), and compared protein and phosphoprotein contents using data independent acquisition mass spectrometry. Results We identified 4745 platelet proteins with high confidence across all samples. Adult and neonatal platelets clustered separately by principal component analysis. Adult platelets were significantly enriched for immunomodulatory proteins, including β2 microglobulin and CXCL12, whereas neonatal platelets were enriched for ribosomal components and proteins involved in metabolic activities. Adult platelets were enriched for phosphorylated GTPase regulatory enzymes and proteins participating in trafficking, which may help prime them for activation and degranulation. Neonatal platelets were enriched for phosphorylated proteins involved in insulin growth factor signaling. Conclusions Using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, our findings expanded the known neonatal platelet proteome and identified important differences in protein content and phosphorylation compared with adult platelets. These developmental differences suggested enhanced immune functions for adult platelets and presence of a molecular machinery related to platelet activation. These findings are important to understanding mechanisms underlying key platelet functions as well as the harmful effects of adult platelet transfusions given to preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Davenport
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhi-Jian Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haorui Zhang
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua Ding
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Roof
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lynn A Spruce
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Li YH, Wang XH, Huang WW, Tian RR, Pang W, Zheng YT. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus induces platelet activation and apoptosis via a reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102837. [PMID: 37544244 PMCID: PMC10428115 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV) and with a high fatality rate. Thrombocytopenia is a major clinical manifestation observed in SFTS patients, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we explored the effects of SFTSV infection on platelet function in vivo in severely infected SFTSV IFNar-/- mice and on mouse and human platelet function in vitro. Results showed that SFTSV-induced platelet clearance acceleration may be the main reason for thrombocytopenia. SFTSV-potentiated platelet activation and apoptosis were also observed in infected mice. Further investigation showed that SFTSV infection induced platelet reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction. In vitro experiments revealed that administration of SFTSV or SFTSV glycoprotein (Gn) increased activation, apoptosis, ROS production, and mitochondrial dysfunction in separated mouse platelets, which could be effectively ameliorated by the application of antioxidants (NAC (N-acetyl-l-cysteine), SKQ1 (10-(6'-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium) and resveratrol). In vivo experiments showed that the antioxidants partially rescued SFTSV infection-induced thrombocytopenia by improving excessive ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction and down-regulating platelet apoptosis and activation. Furthermore, while SFTSV and Gn directly potentiated human platelet activation, it was completely abolished by antioxidants. This study revealed that SFTSV and Gn can directly trigger platelet activation and apoptosis in an ROS-MAPK-dependent manner, which may contribute to thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage during infection, but can be abolished by antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China; Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wen-Wu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China; Office of Science and Technology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Ren-Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
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11
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Trivigno SMG, Guidetti GF, Barbieri SS, Zarà M. Blood Platelets in Infection: The Multiple Roles of the Platelet Signalling Machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087462. [PMID: 37108623 PMCID: PMC10138547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are classically recognized for their important role in hemostasis and thrombosis but they are also involved in many other physiological and pathophysiological processes, including infection. Platelets are among the first cells recruited to sites of inflammation and infection and they exert their antimicrobial response actively cooperating with the immune system. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on platelet receptor interaction with different types of pathogens and the consequent modulations of innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M G Trivigno
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- University School for Advanced Studies, IUSS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Stella Barbieri
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Zarà
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy
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12
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Dissecting Platelet's Role in Viral Infection: A Double-Edged Effector of the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032009. [PMID: 36768333 PMCID: PMC9916939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a major role in the processes of primary hemostasis and pathological inflammation-induced thrombosis. In the mid-2000s, several studies expanded the role of these particular cells, placing them in the "immune continuum" and thus changing the understanding of their function in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Among the many receptors they express on their surface, platelets express Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), key receptors in the inflammatory cell-cell reaction and in the interaction between innate and adaptive immunity. In response to an infectious stimulus, platelets will become differentially activated. Platelet activation is variable depending on whether platelets are activated by a hemostatic or pathogen stimulus. This review highlights the role that platelets play in platelet modulation count and adaptative immune response during viral infection.
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13
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Jankauskaite L, Malinauskas M, Snipaitiene A. Effect of stimulated platelets in COVID-19 thrombosis: Role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1037369. [PMID: 36312286 PMCID: PMC9614055 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1037369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since early 2020, SARS-CoV-2-induced infection resulted in global pandemics with high morbidity, especially in the adult population. COVID-19 is a highly prothrombotic condition associated with subsequent multiorgan failure and lethal outcomes. The exact mechanism of the prothrombotic state is not well understood and might be multifactorial. Nevertheless, platelets are attributed to play a crucial role in COVID-19-associated thrombosis. To date, platelets' role was defined primarily in thrombosis and homeostasis. Currently, more focus has been set on their part in inflammation and immunity. Moreover, their ability to release various soluble factors under activation as well as internalize and degrade specific pathogens has been highly addressed in viral research. This review article will discuss platelet role in COVID-19-associated thrombosis and their role in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Multiple studies confirmed that platelets display a hyperactivated phenotype in COVID-19 patients. Critically ill patients demonstrate increased platelet activation markers such as P-selectin, PF4, or serotonin. In addition, platelets contain acetylcholine and express α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAchR). Thus, acetylcholine can be released under activation, and α7nAchR can be stimulated in an autocrine manner and support platelet function. α7 receptor is one of the most important mediators of the anti-inflammatory properties as it is associated with humoral and intrinsic immunity and was demonstrated to contribute to better outcomes in COVID-19 patients when under stimulation. Hematopoietic α7nAchR deficiency increases platelet activation and, in experimental studies, α7nAchR stimulation can diminish the pro-inflammatory state and modulate platelet reactiveness via increased levels of NO. NO has been described to inhibit platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation. In addition, acetylcholine has been demonstrated to decrease platelet aggregation possibly by blocking the e p-38 pathway. SARS-CoV-2 proteins have been found to be similar to neurotoxins which can bind to nAChR and prevent the action of acetylcholine. Concluding, the platelet role in COVID-19 thrombotic events could be explained by their active function in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jankauskaite
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania,Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania,*Correspondence: Lina Jankauskaite
| | - Mantas Malinauskas
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ausra Snipaitiene
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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14
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Spivak I, Fluhr L, Elinav E. Local and systemic effects of microbiome‐derived metabolites. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55664. [PMID: 36031866 PMCID: PMC9535759 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal microbes form distinct ecosystems within their mammalian hosts, collectively termed microbiomes. These indigenous microbial communities broadly expand the genomic and functional repertoire of their host and contribute to the formation of a “meta‐organism.” Importantly, microbiomes exert numerous biochemical reactions synthesizing or modifying multiple bioactive small molecules termed metabolites, which impact their host's physiology in a variety of contexts. Identifying and understanding molecular mechanisms of metabolite–host interactions, and how their disrupted signaling can contribute to diseases, may enable their therapeutic application, a modality termed “postbiotic” therapy. In this review, we highlight key examples of effects of bioactive microbe‐associated metabolites on local, systemic, and immune environments, and discuss how these may impact mammalian physiology and associated disorders. We outline the challenges and perspectives in understanding the potential activity and function of this plethora of microbially associated small molecules as well as possibilities to harness them toward the promotion of personalized precision therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Spivak
- Systems Immunology Department Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
- Medical Clinic III University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Leviel Fluhr
- Systems Immunology Department Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Systems Immunology Department Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
- Microbiome & Cancer Division, DKFZ Heidelberg Germany
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15
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Ebeyer-Masotta M, Eichhorn T, Weiss R, Lauková L, Weber V. Activated Platelets and Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Mediate COVID-19-Associated Immunothrombosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:914891. [PMID: 35874830 PMCID: PMC9299085 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.914891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated platelets and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as central players in thromboembolic complications associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Platelets bridge hemostatic, inflammatory, and immune responses by their ability to sense pathogens via various pattern recognition receptors, and they respond to infection through a diverse repertoire of mechanisms. Dysregulated platelet activation, however, can lead to immunothrombosis, a simultaneous overactivation of blood coagulation and the innate immune response. Mediators released by activated platelets in response to infection, such as antimicrobial peptides, high mobility group box 1 protein, platelet factor 4 (PF4), and PF4+ extracellular vesicles promote neutrophil activation, resulting in the release of neutrophil extracellular traps and histones. Many of the factors released during platelet and neutrophil activation are positively charged and interact with endogenous heparan sulfate or exogenously administered heparin via electrostatic interactions or via specific binding sites. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of platelets and platelet-derived EVs in the pathogenesis of immunothrombosis, and we discuss the potential of extracorporeal therapies using adsorbents functionalized with heparin to deplete platelet-derived and neutrophil-derived mediators of immunothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ebeyer-Masotta
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Tanja Eichhorn
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Lucia Lauková
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
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16
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Abstract
Classically, platelets have been described as the cellular blood component that mediates hemostasis and thrombosis. This important platelet function has received significant research attention for >150 years. The immune cell functions of platelets are much less appreciated. Platelets interact with and activate cells of all branches of immunity in response to pathogen exposures and infection, as well as in response to sterile tissue injury. In this review, we focus on innate immune mechanisms of platelet activation, platelet interactions with innate immune cells, as well as the intersection of platelets and adaptive immunity. The immune potential of platelets is dependent in part on their megakaryocyte precursor providing them with the molecular composition to be first responders and immune sentinels in initiating and orchestrating coordinated pathogen immune responses. There is emerging evidence that extramedullary megakaryocytes may be immune differentiated compared with bone marrow megakaryocytes, but the physiological relevance of immunophenotypic differences are just beginning to be explored. These concepts are also discussed in this review. The immune functions of the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage have likely evolved to coordinate the need to repair a vascular breach with the simultaneous need to induce an immune response that may limit pathogen invasion once the blood is exposed to an external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Koupenova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Alison Livada
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Craig N. Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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17
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New Drug Targets to Prevent Death Due to Stroke: A Review Based on Results of Protein-Protein Interaction Network, Enrichment, and Annotation Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212108. [PMID: 34829993 PMCID: PMC8619767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used established biomarkers of death from ischemic stroke (IS) versus stroke survival to perform network, enrichment, and annotation analyses. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that the backbone of the highly connective network of IS death consisted of IL6, ALB, TNF, SERPINE1, VWF, VCAM1, TGFB1, and SELE. Cluster analysis revealed immune and hemostasis subnetworks, which were strongly interconnected through the major switches ALB and VWF. Enrichment analysis revealed that the PPI immune subnetwork of death due to IS was highly associated with TLR2/4, TNF, JAK-STAT, NOD, IL10, IL13, IL4, and TGF-β1/SMAD pathways. The top biological and molecular functions and pathways enriched in the hemostasis network of death due to IS were platelet degranulation and activation, the intrinsic pathway of fibrin clot formation, the urokinase-type plasminogen activator pathway, post-translational protein phosphorylation, integrin cell-surface interactions, and the proteoglycan-integrin extracellular matrix complex (ECM). Regulation Explorer analysis of transcriptional factors shows: (a) that NFKB1, RELA and SP1 were the major regulating actors of the PPI network; and (b) hsa-mir-26-5p and hsa-16-5p were the major regulating microRNA actors. In conclusion, prevention of death due to IS should consider that current IS treatments may be improved by targeting VWF, the proteoglycan-integrin-ECM complex, TGF-β1/SMAD, NF-κB/RELA and SP1.
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18
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Zhong H, Waresi M, Zhang W, Han L, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Zhou P, Chang L, Pan G, Wu B, Li J, Zhang S, Shi H, Luo X, Gao W, Qi Z, Ding Z. NOD2-mediated P2Y 12 upregulation increases platelet activation and thrombosis in sepsis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114822. [PMID: 34748820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets from septic patients exhibit increased reactivity. However, the underlying mechanism of sepsis-induced platelet hyperactivity is still not completely understood. OBJECTIVE P2Y12 is a central receptor for platelet activation. In this study, we investigated the role of platelet P2Y12 in platelet hyperactivity during sepsis. METHODS We measured platelet P2Y12 expression and aggregation in response to ADP in septic patients and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-treated mice. We also detected the downstream signaling of P2Y12 in resting platelets from patients and mice with sepsis. The role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)/RIP2/NF-κB/P65 pathway in sepsis-induced platelet P2Y12 high expression was also investigated. Finally, we compared the antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor in experimental sepsis in mice and rats. RESULTS Compared to healthy subjects, platelets from septic patients exhibit P2Y12 hyperactivity and higher P2Y12 expression. pAkt is enhanced and pVASP is impaired in resting platelets from the patients, indicating the constitutive activation of platelet P2Y12 receptor. Mouse sepsis model recapitulates the findings in septic patients. NOD2 deficiency attenuates sepsis-induced platelet P2Y12 high expression, hyperactivity, and thrombosis. Prasugrel and ticagrelor are potent P2Y12 inverse agonists, and exhibit superior antiplatelet and antithrombotic efficacy over clopidogrel in mice and rats with sepsis. CONCLUSIONS NOD2 activation upregulates platelet P2Y12 expression, which is constitutively activated and contributes to platelet hyperactivity in septic status. Compared to clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor are potent P2Y12 inverse agonists with superior antiplatelet and antithrombotic efficacy in experimental sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China
| | - Maieryemu Waresi
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikai Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanxing Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangwei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiming Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China
| | - Xinping Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiyong Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhongren Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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19
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Fard MB, Fard SB, Ramazi S, Atashi A, Eslamifar Z. Thrombosis in COVID-19 infection: Role of platelet activation-mediated immunity. Thromb J 2021; 19:59. [PMID: 34425822 PMCID: PMC8380864 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-021-00311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombosis plays an important role in the Coronavrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection-related complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and myocardial infarction. Multiple factors such as oxygen demand injuries, endothelial cells injury related to infection, and plaque formation. Main body Platelets obtained from the patients may have severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA, showing that the increased activation potential recommends platelet can be hyper-activated in severely ill SARS-CoV-2 cases. Platelets contain multiple receptors that interact with specific ligands. Pathogen’s receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor family, glycoprotein (GP) such as GPαIIbβ3 and GPIbα which allow pathogens to interact with platelets. Platelet TLRs and NOD2 are involved in platelet activation and thrombosis. Accordingly, TLRs are critical receptors that could recognize various endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns and exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs are considered as important components in the activation of innate immunity response against pathogenic and non-pathogenic components like damaged tissues. TLRs-1,-2,-4,-6,-7 expression on or within platelets has been reported previously. Various PAMPs were indicated to be capable of binding to platelet-TLRs and inducing both the activation and promotion of downstream proinflammatory signaling cascade. Conclusion It is possible that the increased TLRs expression and TLR-mediated platelets activation during COVID-19 may enhance vascular and coronary thrombosis. It may be hypothesized using TLRs antagonist and monoclonal antibody against P-selectin, as the marker of leukocyte recruitment and platelet activation, besides viral therapy provide therapeutic advances in fighting against the thrombosis related complications in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahin Ramazi
- Department of biophysics, faculty of biological sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Stem cell and tissue engineering research center, Shahroud university of medical sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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20
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Zhang G, Chen H, Guo Y, Zhang W, Jiang Q, Zhang S, Han L, Chen S, Xue R. Activation of Platelet NLRP3 Inflammasome in Crohn's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:705325. [PMID: 34262463 PMCID: PMC8273542 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.705325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) are inclined to have platelet hyperactivity and an increased risk of intestinal micro-thrombosis. However, the mechanisms underlying platelet hyperactivity in CD are not well understood. We investigated the assembly of platelet NLRP3 inflammasome in patients with active CD and its correlation with platelet hyperactivity. In this study, Real-time PCR and western blotting analyses uncovered that ASC, NLRP3, and active caspase-1 were significantly upregulated in platelets from patients with active CD compared with healthy subjects. As revealed by flow cytometry (FCM) and ELISA analyses, the levels of interleukin-1β in both serum and isolated platelets were elevated in patients with active CD. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments revealed an increased assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome in platelets from patients with active CD. In addition, higher levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in these platelets by FCM. Furthermore, elevated levels of platelet P-selectin exposure and fibrinogen binding were demonstrated in patients with active CD by FCM. They were positively correlated with the protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components. Collectively, our results indicate that the ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome-interleukin-1β axis may contribute to platelet hyperactivity in active CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyu Jiang
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - She Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyi Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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The role of Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) in platelet activation and its clinical significance. Thromb J 2021; 19:27. [PMID: 33910580 PMCID: PMC8082820 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-021-00282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sphingomyelin (SM) is an essential component of biological lipid rafts, and it plays an indispensable role in maintaining plasma membrane stability and in mediating signal transduction. The ultimate biosynthesis of SM is catalyzed by two sphingomyelin synthases (SMSs) namely SMS1 and SMS2, which are selectively distributed in the trans-Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane. It has been demonstrated that SMS2 acts as an irreplaceable molecule in the regulation of transmembrane signaling, and loss of SMS2 has been reported to worsen atherosclerosis and liver steatosis. However, the function of SMS2 in platelet activation and its association with the pathological process of thrombosis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and portal hypertension (PH) remain unclear. Methods In this study, we tested the role of SMS2 in platelet activation and thrombosis using SMS2 knockout (SMS2 –/–) mice and SMS2-specific inhibitor, D609. Furthermore, we detected SMS2 expression in patients with ACS and PH. Results SMS2 –/– platelets showed significant reduction in platelet aggregation, spreading, clot retraction and in vivo thrombosis. Similar inhibitory effects on platelet activation were detected in D609-treated wild-type platelets. PLCγ/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was inhibited in SMS2 –/– platelets and D609-treated wild-type platelets. In addition, we discovered that platelet SMS2 expression was remarkably increased in patients with ACS and PH, compared with healthy subjects. Conclusions Our study indicates that SMS2 acts as a positive regulator of platelet activation and thrombosis, and provides a theoretical basis for the potential use of D609 in anti-thrombosis treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12959-021-00282-x.
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22
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Herster F, Karbach S, Chatterjee M, Weber ANR. Platelets: Underestimated Regulators of Autoinflammation in Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1395-1403. [PMID: 33810836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Platelets have long been known as mediators of hemostasis and, more recently, as mediators of thromboinflammation, although their physiopathological role has mostly been investigated in the context of disease of internal organs, such as liver and kidney, or systemic disorders. Of late, exciting recent data suggest that platelets may also play a role in inflammation at distal sites such as the skin: recent studies show that platelets, by engaging polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), contribute to local inflammation in the frequent skin disorder, psoriasis. In an experimental model, systemic depletion of platelets drastically attenuated skin inflammation by preventing PMN infiltration of the skin. A broader role of platelets in different types of skin inflammation is therefore likely, and in this paper, we specifically review recent advances in psoriasis. Special emphasis is given to the crosstalk with systemic platelet effects, which may be of interest in psoriasis-related cardiovascular comorbidities. Furthermore, we discuss the potential for platelet-centered interventions in the therapy for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Herster
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Molecular Oncology, Robert Bosch Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (RBCT), Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Madhumita Chatterjee
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander N R Weber
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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23
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Hepatic NOD2 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis via a RIP2-mediated proinflammatory response and a novel nuclear autophagy-mediated DNA damage mechanism. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:9. [PMID: 33413510 PMCID: PMC7791875 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Key hepatic molecules linking gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis remain largely unknown. Gut-derived gut microbiota contains pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that may circulate into the liver and, consequently, be recognized by hepatic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). NOD2, a general intracellular PRR, recognizes muramyl dipeptide (MDP), present in both gram (+) and gram (−) bacteria. Here, we investigated the role of NOD2 as a molecular sensor translating gut dysbiosis signaling into hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods NOD2 expression was measured in clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples using qPCR (80 pairs), western blotting (30 pairs) and immunostaining (141 pairs). The role of NOD2 in hepatocarcinogenesis was examined in the hepatocyte-specific Nod2-knockout (Nod2△hep), Rip2-knockout (Rip2△hep), Lamin A/C-knockout (Lamn△hep) and Rip2/Lamin A/C double-knockout (Rip2/Lamn△hep) mice models of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/CCl4-induced HCC. Results NOD2 was upregulated and activated in HCC samples, and high NOD2 expression correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. Hepatic NOD2 deletion in vivo decreased DEN/CCl4-induced HCC by reducing the inflammatory response, DNA damage and genomic instability. NOD2 activation increased liver inflammation via RIP2-dependent activation of the MAPK, NF-κB and STAT3 pathways. Notably, a novel RIP2-independent mechanism was discovered, whereby NOD2 activation induces the nuclear autophagy pathway. We showed that NOD2 undergoes nuclear transport and directly binds to a component of nuclear laminae, lamin A/C, to promote its protein degradation, leading to impaired DNA damage repair and increased genomic instability. Conclusions We reveal a novel bridge, bacterial sensor NOD2, linking gut-derived microbial metabolites to hepatocarcinogenesis via induction of the inflammatory response and nuclear autophagy. Thus, we propose hepatic NOD2 as a promising therapeutic target against HCC.
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Sun Y, Huang J, Zhao Y, Xue L, Li H, Liu Q, Cao H, Peng W, Guo C, Xie Y, Liu X, Li B, Liu K, Wu S, Zhang L. Inflammatory cytokines and DNA methylation in healthy young adults exposure to fine particulate matter: A randomized, double-blind crossover trial of air filtration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122817. [PMID: 32516725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benefits of indoor air filtration in heavily polluted areas are not fully understood. This study aims to examine whether short-term air filtration intervention could attenuate the hazards from acute exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and investigate the potential impact on inflammatory cytokines and DNA methylation. A randomized, double-blind crossover trial of true or sham indoor air filtration was conducted among 29 healthy young adults in Beijing, China. Each episode covered a typical air pollution wave, and 38 cytokines and DNAm of 20 genes were measured at 3 time points: pre-smog, during smog, and post-smog. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate the associations. The indoor PM2.5 concentration with true filtration was 67.8 % lower than sham filtration (13.8 μg/m3vs. 42.8 μg/m3). Air filtration was significantly associated with the decreases in 9 cytokines, from 6.61 % to 21.24 %. PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with elevated levels of 9 cytokines and changed methylation at 7 CpG sites. Notably, PM2.5 was significantly associated with GM-CSF, sCD40L, MCP-1, and FGF-2, as well as methylation in corresponding genes, but no mediation effect was observed. This trial suggested that indoor air filtration might attenuate the adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure through changing cytokines and DNAm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Lijun Xue
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qisijing Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Han Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Chunyue Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yunyi Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Bingxiao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Kuo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
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Pan G, Chang L, Zhang J, Liu Y, Hu L, Zhang S, Zhang J, Qiao J, Jakopin Ž, Hu H, Dong J, Ding Z. GSK669, a NOD2 receptor antagonist, inhibits thrombosis and oxidative stress via targeting platelet GPVI. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114315. [PMID: 33152345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previously, we discovered that the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) enhances platelet activation. We here investigated the antiplatelet and antithrombotic potential of GSK669, a NOD2 antagonist. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of GSK669 on platelet functions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokine generation were detected. NOD2-/- platelets were used to confirm GSK669 target. The interaction between GSK669 and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) was detected using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. GPVI downstream signaling was examined by Western blot. The antithrombotic and antioxidative effects were investigated using mouse mesenteric arteriole thrombosis model and pulmonary embolism model. KEY RESULTS GSK669 significantly inhibits platelet proinflammatory cytokine release induced by muramyl dipeptide, platelet aggregation, ATP release, and ROS generation induced by collagen and collagen related peptide (CRP). Platelet spreading and clot retraction are also inhibited. GSK669 also decreases collagen-induced phosphorylation of Src, Syk, PLCγ2, and Akt. The antiplatelet effect of GSK669 is NOD2-independent and mediated by GPVI antagonism. Consistent with its antiplatelet activity as a GPVI antagonist, GSK669 inhibits platelet adhesion on collagen in flow condition. Notably, GSK669 inhibits mouse mesenteric arteriole thrombosis similarly to aspirin without bleeding. The antithrombotic effect of GSK669 is further confirmed in the pulmonary embolism model; decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in mouse plasma reveal a significant antioxidant effect of GSK669. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Beyond its anti-inflammatory effect as a NOD2 antagonist, GSK669 is also an efficient and safe antiplatelet agent combined with antioxidant effect by targeting GPVI. An antiplatelet agent bearing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities without bleeding risk may have therapeutic advantage over current antiplatelet drugs for atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxing Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianlin Qiao
- Department of Hematology, Blood Disease Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hu Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Zhongren Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
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Gao D, Wu SN, Zhang CE, Li RS, Liu ZJ, Xiao XH, Li L, Wang JB, Zhang L, Niu M. Exploration in the mechanism of rhubarb for the treatment of hyperviscosity syndrome based on network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113078. [PMID: 32534118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) is a major risk factor for thrombotic diseases. Rhubarb, well-known as a traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, especially for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis (PBRB), which has been become a functional health food for decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, due to the complexity of rhubarb components, it is still difficult to clarify the specific targets of effective substances in PBRB, and the pharmacodynamic mechanism needs to be further probed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The "compound-target-cell-disease" network analysis was initially used to predict potential targets and bioactive compounds. The effect of rhubarb for the treatment of HVS was examined by histopathology and biochemical assays based on the HVS rat model. RESULTS Through the "compound-target-cell-disease" network analysis, eight potential therapeutic targets were eventually screened out, and platelets were predicted as the main effector cells of rhubarb in PBRB. Among targets coagulation factor II (prothrombin, F2) and fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG) were closely related to platelets, and five compounds associated with F2 and FGG were predicted including emodin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Emo), physcion-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Phy), procyanidin B-5,3'-O-gallate, torachrysone-8-O-beta-D-(6'-oxayl)-glucoside and epicatechin. Furthermore, thoracic aorta histopathology and biochemical examinations showed middle dose of rhubarb (0.42 g/kg/day) significantly ameliorated pathological changes, hemorheology parameters, as well as levels of representative biomarkers such as plasma P-selectin (P-sel) and thromboxane (TXB2) in platelet activation compared to HVS rat model, whose effects were comparable to the positive drug aspirin or even better. Finally, it was further validated F2 and FGG as the major effective targets of rhubarb as well as its two active ingredients Emo and Phy in PBRB. CONCLUSIONS This study may provide an innovative way and scientific information to further understand the main effective components of rhubarb and its mechanisms about targets of F2 and FGG in PBRB, especially the new therapeutic target FGG, which also provide a basis for establishing a quality control for rhubarb by bioassays that could correlate the clinical efficacy and its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China; Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Shan-Na Wu
- Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Cong-En Zhang
- Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Rui-Sheng Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Zhen-Jie Liu
- Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Xiao-He Xiao
- Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jia-Bo Wang
- Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ming Niu
- Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Gautam I, Storad Z, Filipiak L, Huss C, Meikle CK, Worth RG, Wuescher LM. From Classical to Unconventional: The Immune Receptors Facilitating Platelet Responses to Infection and Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E343. [PMID: 33092021 PMCID: PMC7589078 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platelets have long been recognized for their role in maintaining the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis. While their contributions to blood clotting have been well established, it has been increasingly evident that their roles extend to both innate and adaptive immune functions during infection and inflammation. In this comprehensive review, we describe the various ways in which platelets interact with different microbes and elicit immune responses either directly, or through modulation of leukocyte behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leah M. Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (I.G.); (Z.S.); (L.F.); (C.H.); (C.K.M.); (R.G.W.)
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28
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Qi Z, Hu L, Zhang J, Yang W, Liu X, Jia D, Yao Z, Chang L, Pan G, Zhong H, Luo X, Yao K, Sun A, Qian J, Ding Z, Ge J. PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9) Enhances Platelet Activation, Thrombosis, and Myocardial Infarct Expansion by Binding to Platelet CD36. Circulation 2020; 143:45-61. [PMID: 32988222 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9), mainly secreted by the liver and released into the blood, elevates plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by degrading low-density lipoprotein receptor. Pleiotropic effects of PCSK9 beyond lipid metabolism have been shown. However, the direct effects of PCSK9 on platelet activation and thrombosis, and the underlying mechanisms, as well, still remain unclear. METHODS We detected the direct effects of PCSK9 on agonist-induced platelet aggregation, dense granule ATP release, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, α-granule release, spreading, and clot retraction. These studies were complemented by in vivo analysis of FeCl3-injured mouse mesenteric arteriole thrombosis. We also investigated the underlying mechanisms. Using the myocardial infarction (MI) model, we explored the effects of PCSK9 on microvascular obstruction and infarct expansion post-MI. RESULTS PCSK9 directly enhances agonist-induced platelet aggregation, dense granule ATP release, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, P-selectin release from α-granules, spreading, and clot retraction. In line, PCSK9 enhances in vivo thrombosis in a FeCl3-injured mesenteric arteriole thrombosis mouse model, whereas PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab ameliorates its enhancing effects. Mechanism studies revealed that PCSK9 binds to platelet CD36 and thus activates Src kinase and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, increases the generation of reactive oxygen species, and activates the p38MAPK/cytosolic phospholipase A2/cyclooxygenase-1/thromboxane A2 signaling pathways downstream of CD36 to enhance platelet activation, as well. Using CD36 knockout mice, we showed that the enhancing effects of PCSK9 on platelet activation are CD36 dependent. It is important to note that aspirin consistently abolishes the enhancing effects of PCSK9 on platelet activation and in vivo thrombosis. Last, we showed that PCSK9 activating platelet CD36 aggravates microvascular obstruction and promotes MI expansion post-MI. CONCLUSIONS PCSK9 in plasma directly enhances platelet activation and in vivo thrombosis, and MI expansion post-MI, as well, by binding to platelet CD36 and thus activating the downstream signaling pathways. PCSK9 inhibitors or aspirin abolish the enhancing effects of PCSK9, supporting the use of aspirin in patients with high plasma PCSK9 levels in addition to PCSK9 inhibitors to prevent thrombotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China (Z.Q., W.Y., D.J., Z.Y., K.Y., A.S., J.Q., J.G.)
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (L.H., Z.D.)
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.Z., L.C., G.P., Z.D.)
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China (Z.Q., W.Y., D.J., Z.Y., K.Y., A.S., J.Q., J.G.)
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China (Z.Q., W.Y., D.J., Z.Y., K.Y., A.S., J.Q., J.G.)
| | - Daile Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China (Z.Q., W.Y., D.J., Z.Y., K.Y., A.S., J.Q., J.G.)
| | - Zhifeng Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China (Z.Q., W.Y., D.J., Z.Y., K.Y., A.S., J.Q., J.G.)
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.Z., L.C., G.P., Z.D.)
| | - Guanxing Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.Z., L.C., G.P., Z.D.)
| | - Haoxuan Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.Z., X. Luo)
| | - Xinping Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.Z., X. Luo)
| | - Kang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China (Z.Q., W.Y., D.J., Z.Y., K.Y., A.S., J.Q., J.G.)
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China (Z.Q., W.Y., D.J., Z.Y., K.Y., A.S., J.Q., J.G.)
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China (Z.Q., W.Y., D.J., Z.Y., K.Y., A.S., J.Q., J.G.)
| | - Zhongren Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (L.H., Z.D.).,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.Z., L.C., G.P., Z.D.)
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China (Z.Q., W.Y., D.J., Z.Y., K.Y., A.S., J.Q., J.G.)
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Kiouptsi K, Jäckel S, Wilms E, Pontarollo G, Winterstein J, Karwot C, Groß K, Jurk K, Reinhardt C. The Commensal Microbiota Enhances ADP-Triggered Integrin α IIbβ 3 Activation and von Willebrand Factor-Mediated Platelet Deposition to Type I Collagen. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197171. [PMID: 32998468 PMCID: PMC7583822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal microbiota is a recognized enhancer of arterial thrombus growth. While several studies have demonstrated the prothrombotic role of the gut microbiota, the molecular mechanisms promoting arterial thrombus growth are still under debate. Here, we demonstrate that germ-free (GF) mice, which from birth lack colonization with a gut microbiota, show diminished static deposition of washed platelets to type I collagen compared with their conventionally raised (CONV-R) counterparts. Flow cytometry experiments revealed that platelets from GF mice show diminished activation of the integrin αIIbβ3 (glycoprotein IIbIIIa) when activated by the platelet agonist adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Furthermore, washed platelets from Toll-like receptor-2 (Tlr2)-deficient mice likewise showed impaired static deposition to the subendothelial matrix component type I collagen compared with wild-type (WT) controls, a process that was unaffected by GPIbα-blockade but influenced by von Willebrand factor (VWF) plasma levels. Collectively, our results indicate that microbiota-triggered steady-state activation of innate immune pathways via TLR2 enhances platelet deposition to subendothelial matrix molecules. Our results link host colonization status with the ADP-triggered activation of integrin αIIbβ3, a pathway promoting platelet deposition to the growing thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.K.); (S.J.); (E.W.); (G.P.); (J.W.); (C.K.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Sven Jäckel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.K.); (S.J.); (E.W.); (G.P.); (J.W.); (C.K.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Eivor Wilms
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.K.); (S.J.); (E.W.); (G.P.); (J.W.); (C.K.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.K.); (S.J.); (E.W.); (G.P.); (J.W.); (C.K.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Jana Winterstein
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.K.); (S.J.); (E.W.); (G.P.); (J.W.); (C.K.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Cornelia Karwot
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.K.); (S.J.); (E.W.); (G.P.); (J.W.); (C.K.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Kathrin Groß
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.K.); (S.J.); (E.W.); (G.P.); (J.W.); (C.K.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.K.); (S.J.); (E.W.); (G.P.); (J.W.); (C.K.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.K.); (S.J.); (E.W.); (G.P.); (J.W.); (C.K.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence:
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30
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Belizaire R, Makar RS. Non-Alloimmune Mechanisms of Thrombocytopenia and Refractoriness to Platelet Transfusion. Transfus Med Rev 2020; 34:242-249. [PMID: 33129606 PMCID: PMC7494440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Refractoriness to platelet transfusion is a common clinical problem encountered by the transfusion medicine specialist. It is well recognized that most causes of refractoriness to platelet transfusion are not a consequence of alloimmunization to human leukocyte, platelet-specific, or ABO antigens, but are a consequence of platelet sequestration and consumption. This review summarizes the clinical factors that result in platelet refractoriness and highlights recent data describing novel biological mechanisms that contribute to this clinical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Belizaire
- Associate Director, Adult Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Robert S Makar
- Director, Blood Transfusion Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
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31
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Wang X, Yang L, Li H, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhao X, Xie Y, Yang Y, Zhang S, Fan Z, Dong J, Yuan Z, Ding Z, Zhang Y, Hu L. SARS-CoV-2 binds platelet ACE2 to enhance thrombosis in COVID-19. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:120. [PMID: 32887634 PMCID: PMC7471641 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 may develop a pro-thrombotic state that places them at a dramatically increased lethal risk. Although platelet activation is critical for thrombosis and is responsible for the thrombotic events and cardiovascular complications, the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 remains unclear. METHODS Using platelets from healthy volunteers, non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 patients, as well as wild-type and hACE2 transgenic mice, we evaluated the changes in platelet and coagulation parameters in COVID-19 patients. We investigated ACE2 expression and direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 virus on platelets by RT-PCR, flow cytometry, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and platelet functional studies in vitro, FeCl3-induced thrombus formation in vivo, and thrombus formation under flow conditions ex vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated that COVID-19 patients present with increased mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet hyperactivity, which correlated with a decrease in overall platelet count. Detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the blood stream was associated with platelet hyperactivity in critically ill patients. Platelets expressed ACE2, a host cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and TMPRSS2, a serine protease for Spike protein priming. SARS-CoV-2 and its Spike protein directly enhanced platelet activation such as platelet aggregation, PAC-1 binding, CD62P expression, α granule secretion, dense granule release, platelet spreading, and clot retraction in vitro, and thereby Spike protein enhanced thrombosis formation in wild-type mice transfused with hACE2 transgenic platelets, but this was not observed in animals transfused with wild-type platelets in vivo. Further, we provided evidence suggesting that the MAPK pathway, downstream of ACE2, mediates the potentiating role of SARS-CoV-2 on platelet activation, and that platelet ACE2 expression decreases following SARS-COV-2 stimulation. SARS-CoV-2 and its Spike protein directly stimulated platelets to facilitate the release of coagulation factors, the secretion of inflammatory factors, and the formation of leukocyte-platelet aggregates. Recombinant human ACE2 protein and anti-Spike monoclonal antibody could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-induced platelet activation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncovered a novel function of SARS-CoV-2 on platelet activation via binding of Spike to ACE2. SARS-CoV-2-induced platelet activation may participate in thrombus formation and inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Haishan Li
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengduan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongren Ding
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zheng S, Liu Y, Chang L, Pan G, Hu L, Zhang S, Liu J, Kim S, Dong J, Ding Z. PAK Membrane Translocation and Phosphorylation Regulate Platelet Aggregation Downstream of Gi and G12/13 Pathways. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1536-1547. [PMID: 32854120 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation plays a pivotal role in physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis causing heart attack and stroke. Previous studies conclude that simultaneous activation of Gi and G12/13 signaling pathways is sufficient to cause platelet aggregation. However, using Gq knockout mice and Gq-specific inhibitors, we here demonstrated that platelet aggregation downstream of coactivation of Gi and G12/13 depends on agonist concentrations; coactivation of Gi and G12/13 pathways only induces platelet aggregation under higher agonist concentrations. We confirmed Gi and G12/13 pathway activation by showing cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) decrease and RhoA activation in platelets stimulated at both low and high agonist concentrations. Interestingly, we found that though Akt and PAK (p21-activated kinase) translocate to the platelet membrane upon both low and high agonist stimulation, membrane-translocated Akt and PAK only phosphorylate at high agonist concentrations, correlating well with platelet aggregation downstream of concomitant Gi and G12/13 pathway activation. PAK inhibitor abolishes Akt phosphorylation, inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro and arterial thrombus formation in vivo. We propose that the PAK-PI3K/Akt pathway mediates platelet aggregation downstream of Gi and G12/13, and PAK may represent a potential antiplatelet and antithrombotic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanxing Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Soochong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongren Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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33
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Dib PRB, Quirino-Teixeira AC, Merij LB, Pinheiro MBM, Rozini SV, Andrade FB, Hottz ED. Innate immune receptors in platelets and platelet-leukocyte interactions. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1157-1182. [PMID: 32779243 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0620-701r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are chief cells in hemostasis. Apart from their hemostatic roles, platelets are major inflammatory effector cells that can influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Activated platelets have thromboinflammatory functions linking hemostatic and immune responses in several physiological and pathological conditions. Among many ways in which platelets exert these functions, platelet expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including TLR, Nod-like receptor, and C-type lectin receptor families, plays major roles in sensing and responding to pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs, respectively). In this review, an increasing body of evidence is compiled showing the participation of platelet innate immune receptors, including PRRs, in infectious diseases, sterile inflammation, and cancer. How platelet recognition of endogenous DAMPs participates in sterile inflammatory diseases and thrombosis is discussed. In addition, platelet recognition of both PAMPs and DAMPs initiates platelet-mediated inflammation and vascular thrombosis in infectious diseases, including viral, bacterial, and parasite infections. The study also focuses on the involvement of innate immune receptors in platelet activation during cancer, and their contribution to tumor microenvironment development and metastasis. Finally, how innate immune receptors participate in platelet communication with leukocytes, modulating leukocyte-mediated inflammation and immune functions, is highlighted. These cell communication processes, including platelet-induced release of neutrophil extracellular traps, platelet Ag presentation to T-cells and platelet modulation of monocyte cytokine secretion are discussed in the context of infectious and sterile diseases of major concern in human health, including cardiovascular diseases, dengue, HIV infection, sepsis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ribeiro Braga Dib
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Obesity, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecíllia Quirino-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Laura Botelho Merij
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brandi Mendonça Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Stephane Vicente Rozini
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brandi Andrade
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Damaceno Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Abstract
Platelets, small anucleate cells circulating in the blood, are critical mediators in haemostasis and thrombosis. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrated that platelets contain both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules, equipping platelets with immunoregulatory function in both innate and adaptive immunity. In the context of infectious diseases, platelets are involved in early detection of invading microorganisms and are actively recruited to sites of infection. Platelets exert their effects on microbial pathogens either by direct binding to eliminate or restrict dissemination, or by shaping the subsequent host immune response. Reciprocally, many invading microbial pathogens can directly or indirectly target host platelets, altering platelet count or/and function. In addition, microbial pathogens can impact the host auto- and alloimmune responses to platelet antigens in several immune-mediated diseases, such as immune thrombocytopenia, and fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that contribute to the bidirectional interactions between platelets and various microbial pathogens, and how these interactions hold relevant implications in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. The knowledge obtained from "well-studied" microbes may also help us understand the pathogenesis of emerging microbes, such as SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conglei Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - June Li
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heyu Ni
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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35
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Research Progress of Mechanisms and Drug Therapy For Atherosclerosis on Toll-Like Receptor Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 74:379-388. [PMID: 31730559 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have established atherosclerosis (AS) as a major factor in the pathogenetic process of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease. Although the possible pathogenesis of AS remains to be elucidated, a large number of investigations strongly suggest that the inhibition of toll-like receptors (TLRs) alleviates the severity of AS to some extent by suppressing vascular inflammation and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. As pattern recognition receptors, TLRs occupy a vital position in innate immunity, mediating various signaling pathways in infective and sterile inflammation. This review summarizes the available data on the research progress of AS and the latest antiatherosclerotic drugs associated with TLR pathway.
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36
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McDonald B, Dunbar M. Platelets and Intravascular Immunity: Guardians of the Vascular Space During Bloodstream Infections and Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2400. [PMID: 31681291 PMCID: PMC6797619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their humble origins as anuclear fragments of megakaryocytes, platelets have emerged as versatile mediators of thrombosis and immunity. The diverse spectrum of platelet functions are on full display during the host response to severe infection and sepsis, with platelets taking center-stage in the intravascular immune response to blood-borne pathogens. Platelets are endowed with a comprehensive armamentarium of pathogen detection systems that enable them to function as sentinels in the bloodstream for rapid identification of microbial invasion. Through both autonomous anti-microbial effector functions and collaborations with other innate immune cells, platelets orchestrate a complex intravascular immune defense system that protects against bacterial dissemination. As with any powerful immune defense system, dysregulation of platelet-mediated intravascular immunity can lead to profound collateral damage to host cells and tissues, resulting in sepsis-associated organ dysfunction. In this article, the cellular and molecular contributions of platelets to intravascular immune defenses in sepsis will be reviewed, including the roles of platelets in surveillance of the microcirculation and elicitation of protective anti-bacterial responses. Mechanisms of platelet-mediated thromboinflammatory organ dysfunction will be explored, with linkages to clinical biomarkers of platelet homeostasis that aid in the diagnosis and prognostication of human sepsis. Lastly, we discuss novel therapeutic opportunities that take advantage of our evolving understanding of platelets and intravascular immunity in severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braedon McDonald
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mary Dunbar
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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37
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The platelet NLRP3 inflammasome is upregulated in sickle cell disease via HMGB1/TLR4 and Bruton tyrosine kinase. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2672-2680. [PMID: 30333099 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018021709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A key inflammatory mechanism recently identified in platelets involves the Nod-like receptor nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), which control activation of caspase-1 within inflammasome complexes. We investigated platelet caspase-1 activity in the context of sickle cell disease (SCD) directly in platelets isolated from SCD patients (n = 24) and indirectly by incubating platelets from healthy subjects with plasma obtained from SCD patients (n = 20), both in steady state and during an acute pain crisis (paired samples). The platelet NLRP3 inflammasome was upregulated in SCD patients under steady state conditions compared with healthy controls, and it was further upregulated when patients experienced an acute pain crisis. The results were consistent with indirect platelet assays, in which SCD plasma increased caspase-1 activity of platelets from healthy subjects in an NLRP3-dependent fashion. The damage-associated molecular pattern molecule high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was elevated in plasma of SCD subjects compared with healthy controls and correlated with caspase-1 activity in platelets. Pharmacological or antibody-mediated inhibition of HMGB1, Toll-like receptor 4, and BTK interfered with sickle plasma-induced platelet caspase-1 activation. In Townes SCD mice, caspase-1 activity and aggregation of circulating platelets were elevated, which was suppressed by IV injection of an NLRP3 inhibitor and the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib. Activation of the platelet NLRP3 inflammasome in SCD may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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38
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Assinger A, Schrottmaier WC, Salzmann M, Rayes J. Platelets in Sepsis: An Update on Experimental Models and Clinical Data. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1687. [PMID: 31379873 PMCID: PMC6650595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their important role in hemostasis, platelets play a crucial role in inflammatory diseases. This becomes apparent during sepsis, where platelet count and activation correlate with disease outcome and survival. Sepsis is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, leading to organ dysfunction, permanent disabilities, or death. During sepsis, tissue injury results from the concomitant uncontrolled activation of the complement, coagulation, and inflammatory systems as well as platelet dysfunction. The balance between the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the compensatory anti-inflammatory response (CARS) regulates sepsis outcome. Persistent thrombocytopenia is considered as an independent risk factor of mortality in sepsis, although it is still unclear whether the drop in platelet count is the cause or the consequence of sepsis severity. The role of platelets in sepsis development and progression was addressed in different experimental in vivo models, particularly in mice, that represent various aspects of human sepsis. The immunomodulatory function of platelets depends on the experimental model, time, and type of infection. Understanding the molecular mechanism of platelet regulation in inflammation could bring us one step closer to understand this important aspect of primary hemostasis which drives thrombotic as well as bleeding complications in patients with sterile and infectious inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the contribution of platelets to sepsis severity and outcome. We highlight the differences between platelet receptors in mice and humans and discuss the potential and limitations of animal models to study platelet-related functions in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Assinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Manuel Salzmann
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Formes H, Reinhardt C. The gut microbiota - a modulator of endothelial cell function and a contributing environmental factor to arterial thrombosis. Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 12:541-549. [PMID: 31159610 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2019.1627191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: There is emerging evidence linking the commensal gut microbiota with the development of cardiovascular disease and arterial thrombosis. In immunothrombosis, the host clotting system protects against the dissemination of invading microbes, not considering the huge number of microbes that interact with host physiology in a mutualistic fashion. Areas covered: Interestingly, recent research revealed that colonizing gut microbes profoundly influence host innate immune pathways that support arterial thrombus growth. The gut microbiota promotes arterial thrombus formation by enhancing the pro-adhesive capacity of the vascular endothelium, triggering hepatic von Willebrand factor synthesis and its release by Weibel-Palade body exocytosis, resulting in elevated von Willebrand factor levels and enhancing FVIII stability in plasma. Furthermore, the metabolic capacity of gut resident microbes promotes agonist-induced platelet activation and deposition. Here, we give an overview, with a focus on the vascular endothelium, on how this gut-resident microbial ecosystem contributes to arterial thrombus formation. Expert opinion: The gut microbiota and its metabolites not only act on agonist-induced platelet reactivity, but also influence the hepatic endothelial phenotype via remote signaling, facilitating arterial thrombus growth at the arterial injury site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Formes
- a Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) , University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- a Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) , University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany.,b German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), University Medical Center Mainz, Partner Site RheinMain , Mainz , Germany
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40
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Boone BA, Murthy P, Miller-Ocuin JL, Liang X, Russell KL, Loughran P, Gawaz M, Lotze MT, Zeh HJ, Vogel S. The platelet NLRP3 inflammasome is upregulated in a murine model of pancreatic cancer and promotes platelet aggregation and tumor growth. Ann Hematol 2019; 98:1603-1610. [PMID: 31020347 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are activated in solid cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), a highly aggressive malignancy with a devastating prognosis and limited therapeutic options. The mechanisms by which activated platelets regulate tumor progression are poorly understood. The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key inflammatory mechanism recently identified in platelets, which controls platelet activation and aggregation. In an orthotopic PDA mouse model involving surgical implantation of Panc02 murine cancer cells into the tail of the pancreas, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome in circulating platelets is upregulated in pancreatic cancer. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of NLRP3 in platelets resulted in decreased platelet activation, platelet aggregation, and tumor progression. Moreover, interfering with platelet NLRP3 signaling significantly improved survival of tumor-bearing mice. Hence, the platelet NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in PDA and might represent a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Boone
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Pranav Murthy
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kira L Russell
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Loughran
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Diseases, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Diseases, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Perioperative Medicine, Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Section, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Building 10 Room B1B50, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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41
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Kong D, Xue T, Guo B, Cheng J, Liu S, Wei J, Lu Z, Liu H, Gong G, Lan T, Hu W, Yang Y. Optimization of P2Y12 Antagonist Ethyl 6-(4-((Benzylsulfonyl)carbamoyl)piperidin-1-yl)-5-cyano-2-methylnicotinate (AZD1283) Led to the Discovery of an Oral Antiplatelet Agent with Improved Druglike Properties. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3088-3106. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Kong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Tao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Bin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Shunyin Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Jianhai Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, P. R. China
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yushe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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43
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Gu Y, Sheng R, Wu J, Zhou Y, Qin ZH. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate inhibits rat platelet aggregation and p38 phosphorylation. Thromb Res 2018; 171:121-129. [PMID: 30292134 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies found that reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) protected neurons against ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. In addition to ROS reduction and ATP increment, preliminary data suggested that NADPH inhibited ADP and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. As the effect of NADPH on platelet function was not reported by other investigators, the actions of NADPH on platelet function and mechanisms of actions were investigated in the present study. In vitro studies, the effects of different concentrations of NADPH on platelet aggregation induced by ADP (10 μM), thrombin (0.05 U/mL) or AA (50 μM) were determined. The results showed that NADPH could inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin or AA in a concentration dependent manner. When the inhibitory effects of NAD+, NADH, NADP+ and NADPH on platelet aggregation were compared, NADPH demonstrated the relatively best effect on platelet aggregation. In vivo studies, the effects of NADPH on platelet aggregation, tail bleeding time, coagulation response and ferric chloride-induced thrombosis were determined in mice or rats. The maximum aggregation rate of platelets of rats injected with NADPH (5 mg/kg) was lower than platelets from control rats. NADPH transiently prolonged tail bleeding time in mice at 30 min after the injection of NADPH (7.5 mg/kg), while aspirin (15 mg/kg) significantly prolonged the tail bleeding time in mice at all time points examined. NADPH (5 mg/kg), as well as aspirin (10 mg/kg), had no effect on coagulation response in rats. Using a FeCl3-induced abdominal aorta injury thrombosis model, administration of NADPH (5 mg/kg) significantly delayed the onset of vessel occlusion, while aspirin (10 mg/kg) almost completely prevented the vessel occlusion. With microscopic examination the thrombi in injured vessel sections of rats received NADPH were much smaller and less dense than that of rats received vehicle treatment. ADP induced an increase in phosphorylation of p38 and the effect was markedly inhibited by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. Similarly, NADPH also inhibited ADP-induced phosphorylation of p38. Similar to NADPH, SB203580 robustly inhibited ADP- and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. In addition, NADPH also reduced ADP-induced increases in ROS in platelets. The current results demonstrated that NADPH inhibited platelet aggregation, oxidative stress and p38 phosphorylation, suggesting that NADPH might be a novel compound for management of high risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Junchao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Kiouptsi K, Reinhardt C. Contribution of the commensal microbiota to atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4439-4449. [PMID: 30129122 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal gut microbiota is an environmental factor that has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease. The development of atherosclerotic lesions is largely influenced not only by the microbial-associated molecular patterns of the gut microbiota but also by the meta-organismal trimethylamine N-oxide pathway. Recent studies have described a role for the gut microbiota in platelet activation and arterial thrombosis. This review summarizes the results from gnotobiotic mouse models and clinical data that linked microbiota-induced pattern recognition receptor signalling with atherogenesis. Based on recent insights, we here provide an overview of how the gut microbiota could affect endothelial cell function and platelet activation, to promote arterial thrombosis. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on When Pharmacology Meets the Microbiome: New Targets for Therapeutics? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany
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Hottz ED, Bozza FA, Bozza PT. Platelets in Immune Response to Virus and Immunopathology of Viral Infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:121. [PMID: 29761104 PMCID: PMC5936789 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential effector cells in hemostasis. Aside from their role in coagulation, platelets are now recognized as major inflammatory cells with key roles in the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Activated platelets have key thromboinflammatory functions linking coagulation to immune responses in various infections, including in response to virus. Recent studies have revealed that platelets exhibit several pattern recognition receptors (PRR) including those from the toll-like receptor, NOD-like receptor, and C-type lectin receptor family and are first-line sentinels in detecting and responding to pathogens in the vasculature. Here, we review the main mechanisms of platelets interaction with viruses, including their ability to sustain viral infection and replication, their expression of specialized PRR, and activation of thromboinflammatory responses against viruses. Finally, we discuss the role of platelet-derived mediators and platelet interaction with vascular and immune cells in protective and pathophysiologic responses to dengue, influenza, and human immunodeficiency virus 1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Xu J, Yi J, Zhang H, Feng F, Gu S, Weng L, Zhang J, Chen Y, An N, Liu Z, An Q, Yin W, Hu X. Platelets directly regulate DNA damage and division of Staphylococcus aureus. FASEB J 2018; 32:3707-3716. [PMID: 29430991 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701190r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Platelets (PLTs) are classically used in the clinical setting to maintain hemostasis. Recent evidence supports important roles for PLTs in host inflammatory and immune responses, and PLT-rich plasma has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of bacteria in vitro and in vivo; however, few studies have examined whether PLTs can inhibit bacterial growth directly, and related mechanisms have not been elucidated further. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the effects of PLTs on bacterial growth. We washed and purified PLTs from peripheral blood, then confirmed that PLTs significantly inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus when cocultured in vitro. Moreover, PLTs damaged DNA and blocked cell division in S. aureus. During coculture, PLT-derived TGF-β1 was dramatically down-regulated compared with that in PLT culture alone, and the addition of TGF-β1 to the coculture system promoted the inhibition of PLTs on S. aureus. Analysis of a murine S. aureus infection model demonstrated that the depletion of PLTs exacerbated the severity of infection, whereas the transfusion of PLTs alleviated this infection. Our observations demonstrate that PLTs could directly inhibit the growth of S. aureus by damaging DNA and blockage cell division, and that PLT-derived TGF-β1 may play an important role in this machinery.-Xu, J., Yi, J., Zhang, H., Feng, F., Gu, S., Weng, L., Zhang, J., Chen, Y., An, N., Liu, Z., An, Q., Yin, W., Hu, X. Platelets directly regulate DNA damage and division of Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Xu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shunli Gu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihong Weng
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaozhen Chen
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning An
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qunxing An
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingbin Hu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Chen L, Han L, Hu L, Liang J, Wang J, Ding Z. Preparation and characterization of solid dispersion of novel dual antiplatelet agent BF061 for oral use. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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NOD1 and NOD2: Molecular targets in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 54:385-400. [PMID: 29207344 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) 1 and NOD2 are pattern-recognition receptors responsible for sensing fragments of bacterial peptidoglycan known as muropeptides. Stimulation of innate immunity by systemic or local administration of NOD1 and NOD2 agonists is an attractive means to prevent and treat infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss novel data concerning structural features of selective and non-selective (dual) NOD1 and NOD2 agonists, main signaling pathways and biological effects induced by NOD1 and NOD2 stimulation, including induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons and antimicrobial peptides, induction of autophagy, alterations of metabolism. We also discuss interactions between NOD1/NOD2 and Toll-like receptor agonists in terms of synergy and cross-tolerance. Finally, we review available animal data on the role of NOD1 and NOD2 in protection against infections, and discuss how these data could be applied in human infectious diseases.
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Estevez B, Du X. New Concepts and Mechanisms of Platelet Activation Signaling. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:162-177. [PMID: 28228483 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00020.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon blood vessel injury, platelets are exposed to adhesive proteins in the vascular wall and soluble agonists, which initiate platelet activation, leading to formation of hemostatic thrombi. Pathological activation of platelets can induce occlusive thrombosis, resulting in ischemic events such as heart attack and stroke, which are leading causes of death globally. Platelet activation requires intracellular signal transduction initiated by platelet receptors for adhesion proteins and soluble agonists. Whereas many platelet activation signaling pathways have been established for many years, significant recent progress reveals much more complex and sophisticated signaling and amplification networks. With the discovery of new receptor signaling pathways and regulatory networks, some of the long-standing concepts of platelet signaling have been challenged. This review provides an overview of the new developments and concepts in platelet activation signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Estevez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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50
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Hu L, Chang L, Zhang Y, Zhai L, Zhang S, Qi Z, Yan H, Yan Y, Luo X, Zhang S, Wang Y, Kunapuli SP, Ye H, Ding Z. Platelets Express Activated P2Y 12 Receptor in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation 2017. [PMID: 28637879 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.026995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus are hyperactive. Hyperactivated platelets may contribute to cardiovascular complications and inadequate responses to antiplatelet agents in the setting of diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanism of hyperactivated platelets is not completely understood. METHODS We measured P2Y12 expression on platelets from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and on platelets from rats with diabetes mellitus. We also assayed platelet P2Y12 activation by measuring cAMP and VASP phosphorylation. The antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of AR-C78511 and cangrelor were compared in rats. Finally, we explored the role of the nuclear factor-κB pathway in regulating P2Y12 receptor expression in megakaryocytes. RESULTS Platelet P2Y12 levels are 4-fold higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with healthy subjects. P2Y12 expression correlates with ADP-induced platelet aggregation (r=0.89, P<0.01). P2Y12 in platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus is constitutively activated. Although both AR-C78511, a potent P2Y12 inverse agonist, and cangrelor have similar antiplatelet efficacy on platelets from healthy subjects, AR-C78511 exhibits more powerful antiplatelet effects on diabetic platelets than cangrelor (aggregation ratio 36±3% versus 49±5%, respectively, P<0.05). Using a FeCl3-injury mesenteric arteriole thrombosis model in rats and an arteriovenous shunt thrombosis model in rats, we found that the inverse agonist AR-C78511 has greater antithrombotic effects on GK rats with diabetes mellitus than cangrelor (thrombus weight 4.9±0.3 mg versus 8.3±0.4 mg, respectively, P<0.01). We also found that a pathway involving high glucose-reactive oxygen species-nuclear factor-κB increases platelet P2Y12 receptor expression in diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Platelet P2Y12 receptor expression is significantly increased and the receptor is constitutively activated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which contributes to platelet hyperactivity and limits antiplatelet drug efficacy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lin Chang
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhai
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Qi
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinping Luo
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Si Zhang
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongying Ye
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongren Ding
- From Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.H., L.C., Y.Z., L.Z., Shenghui Z., Si Z., Z.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Z.Q.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.Y.), Division of Cardiovascular Disease (Y.Y.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology I, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., Y.W.); Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.). Dr Shenghui Zhang is presently at Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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