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Savaliya R, Chavda VK, Patel B, Brahmbhatt R, Chaurasia B. Acute ischemic stroke: research perspective vs. clinical practice. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:612. [PMID: 39271530 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rutvik Savaliya
- Department of Medicine & Critical Care, Multispecialty, Trauma and ICCU Centre, Sardar Hospital, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Vishal K Chavda
- Department of Medicine & Critical Care, Multispecialty, Trauma and ICCU Centre, Sardar Hospital, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India.
- Department of Critical Care, Multispecialty, Trauma and ICCU Centre, Sardar Hospital, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India.
| | - Bipin Patel
- Department of Medicine & Critical Care, Multispecialty, Trauma and ICCU Centre, Sardar Hospital, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
- Department of Critical Care, Multispecialty, Trauma and ICCU Centre, Sardar Hospital, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Raxit Brahmbhatt
- Department of Medicine & Critical Care, Multispecialty, Trauma and ICCU Centre, Sardar Hospital, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
- Department of Critical Care, Multispecialty, Trauma and ICCU Centre, Sardar Hospital, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bipin Chaurasia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Clinic, Birgunj, Nepal.
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Zhang D, Liu Z, Guo W, Lu Q, Lei Z, Liu P, Liu T, Peng L, Chang Q, Zhang M, Lin X, Wang F, Wu S. Association of serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio with 1-year stroke outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A multicenter observational cohort study. Eur J Neurol 2024:e16431. [PMID: 39104135 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Considering the reliance of serum uric acid (SUA) levels on renal clearance function, its role in stroke outcomes remains controversial. This study investigated the association of renal function-normalized SUA (SUA to serum creatinine ratio, SUA/SCr), a novel renal function index, with the 1-year outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS This is a prospective, multicenter observational study. Renal function-normalized SUA levels were determined by calculating the ratio of SUA to SCr. One-year outcomes included stroke recurrence, all-cause mortality, and poor prognosis. Multivariable Cox regression analyses and restriction cubic splines for curve fitting were used to evaluate SUA/SCr's association with 1-year stroke outcomes. RESULTS Among 2294 enrolled patients, after adjustment for potential confounders, multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that each one-unit increase in SUA/SCr corresponded to a 19% decrease in 1-year stroke recurrence in patients with AIS. SUA/SCr was analyzed as a continuous variable and categorized into quartiles (Q1-Q4). Compared with the Q1 reference group, Q2, Q3, and Q4 showed significantly lower 1-year stroke recurrence risks. The trend test indicated significant differences in the 1-year stroke recurrence trend from Q1 to Q4. In these patients, SUA/SCr did not show a significant association with poor prognosis or all-cause mortality. Curve fitting revealed SUA/SCr had a negative but nonlinear association with 1-year stroke recurrence. CONCLUSIONS In patients with AIS, low SUA/SCr may be an independent risk factor for 1-year stroke recurrence. Changes in SUA/SCr had no significant impact on 1-year poor prognosis and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongzhong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiyan Guo
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingli Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Linna Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Chang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Songdi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Translation of Neuroimmunological Diseases, Xi'an, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Qian Y, Li N, Li Y, Tao C, Liu Z, Zhang G, Yang F, Zhang H, Gao Y. Association between uric acid and the risk of hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1378912. [PMID: 39119562 PMCID: PMC11306017 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1378912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and uric acid (UA) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between UA concentrations and the risk of HT following acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods Electronic databases were searched for studies on HT and UA from inception to October 31, 2023. Two researchers independently reviewed the studies for inclusion. STATA Software 16.0 was used to compute the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the pooled and post-outlier outcomes. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic and the Galbraith plot. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was performed. Lastly, Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias. Results A total of 11 studies involving 4,608 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled SMD forest plot (SMD = -0.313, 95% CI = -0.586--0.039, p = 0.025) displayed that low UA concentrations were linked to a higher risk of HT in post-AIS patients. However, heterogeneity (I2 = 89.8%, p < 0.001) was high among the studies. Six papers fell outside the Galbraith plot regression line, and there exclusive resulted in the absence of heterogeneity (I2 = 52.1%, p = 0.080). Meanwhile, repeated SMD analysis (SMD = -0.517, 95% CI = -0.748--0.285, p = 0.000) demonstrated that the HT group had lower UA concentrations. Finally, Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test indicated the absence of publication bias in our meta-analysis. Conclusion This meta-analysis illustrated a substantial connection between UA concentrations and HT, with lower UA concentrations independently linked with a higher risk of HT post-AIS. These results lay a theoretical reference for future studies.Systematic review registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/CRD42023485539.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Xu J, Jiang X, Liu Q, Liu J, Fang J, He L. Lower serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio as a predictor of poor functional outcome after mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischaemic stroke. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16296. [PMID: 38588211 PMCID: PMC11235666 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The ratio of serum uric acid (SUA) to serum creatinine (SCr), representing normalized SUA for renal function, is associated with functional outcome in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients. However, its effect on AIS patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the SUA/SCr ratio on clinical outcome in MT-treated AIS patients. METHODS Acute ischaemic stroke patients who underwent MT were continuously enrolled from January 2018 to June 2023. Upon admission, SUA and SCr levels were recorded within the initial 24 h. Stroke severity was determined using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Clinical outcome included poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score >2) at 90 days, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage and death. RESULTS Amongst 734 patients, 432 (58.8%) exhibited poor functional outcome at 90 days. The SUA/SCr ratio exhibited a negative correlation with NIHSS score (ρ = -0.095, p = 0.010). Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between SUA/SCr ratio and poor functional outcome. After adjusting for confounders, the SUA/SCr ratio remained an independent predictor of functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio 0.348, 95% confidence interval 0.282-0.428, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis highlighted the ability of the SUA/SCr ratio to predict functional outcome, with a cutoff value of 3.62 and an area under the curve of 0.757 (95% confidence interval 0.724-0.788, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The SUA/SCr ratio is correlated with stroke severity and may serve as a predictor of 90-day functional outcome in AIS patients undergoing MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jinghuan Fang
- Department of Neurology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Li He
- Department of Neurology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Wang C, Gao Y, Smerin D, Xiong X, Chen Z, Gu L. Genetically predicted type 2 diabetes mellitus mediates the causal association between plasma uric acid and ischemic stroke. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112267. [PMID: 38761781 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study conducts a systematic investigation into the causal relationships between plasma uric acid levels and subtypes of ischemic stroke (IS), as well as the extent to which Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mediates this relationship. BACKGROUND There is a known association between Uric acid and IS but whether they have a causal relationship remains unclear. This study aims to determine whether a genetic predisposition to uric acid is causally linked to IS, including three subtypes, and to determine the mediating role of T2DM. METHODS Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses was initially used to explore the causal relationship between uric acid and three subtypes of IS. Two-step MR methods were then used to investigate the role of T2DM in mediating the effect of uric acid and IS with its subtypes. RESULTS A primary analysis showed uric acid had a markedly causal association with IS (IVW, OR 1.23; 95 % CI, 1.13 - 1.34; p = 6.39 × 10-9), and two subtypes of IS, Large-vessel atherosclerotic stroke LAS (IVW, OR 1.25; 95 % CI, 1.03 - 1.53; p = 0.026) and small vessel stroke (SVS) (IVW, OR 1.20; 95 % CI, 1.00 - 1.43; p = 0.049), but not with cardioembolic stroke (CES)(IVW, OR 1.00; 95 % CI, 0.87 - 1.15; p = 0.993). Two-step MR results showed that T2DM mediated the association between uric acid and LAS and SVS, accounting for 13.85 % (p = 0.025) and 13.57 % (p = 0.028), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that genetic predisposition to uric acid is linked to a greater risk of IS, especially LAS and SVS. T2DM might mediate a significant proportion of the associations between uric acid and LAS as well as SVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yikun Gao
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Daniel Smerin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Wang C, Zhou M, Kang T, You S, Cao Y, Kong W, Shi J. The prognostic value of combined uric acid and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:183. [PMID: 38822243 PMCID: PMC11141032 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03628-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum uric acid (UA) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have been reported to be associated with outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, whether UA is related to the prognosis of AIS patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) remains inconclusive. We sought to explore the combined effect of UA and NLR on the prognosis of AIS treated with IVT. METHODS A total of 555 AIS patients receiving IVT treatment were enrolled. Patients were categorized into four groups according to the levels of UA and NLR: LNNU (low NLR and normal UA), LNHU (low NLR and high UA), HNNU (high NLR and normal UA), and HNHU (high NLR and high UA). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the value of serum UA level and NLR in predicting prognosis. The primary outcomes were major disability (modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 3-5) and death within 3 months. RESULTS After multivariate adjustment, a high NLR (≥ 3.94) increased the risk of 3-month death or major disability (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.42 to 3.55, p < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant association between a high UA level (≥ 313.00 µmol/L) and clinical outcome. HNHU was associated with a 5.09-fold increase in the risk of death (OR, 5.09; 95% CI, 1.31-19.83; P value = 0.019) and a 1.98-fold increase in the risk of major disability (OR, 1.98; 95% CI 1.07-3.68; P value = 0.030) in comparison to LNNU. CONCLUSIONS High serum UA levels combined with high NLR were independently associated with 3-month death and major disability in AIS patients after IVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chentao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China
| | - Meili Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China
| | - Tingting Kang
- Department of Neurology, The Nuclear Industry 417 Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, 710600, China
| | - Shoujiang You
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China
| | - Yongjun Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China
| | - Weina Kong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China.
| | - Jijun Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China.
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Jiang Y, Ji Y, Zhou IY, Liu N, Sun PZ, Ning M, Dumont AS, Wang X. Effects of the New Thrombolytic Compound LT3001 on Acute Brain Tissue Damage After Focal Embolic Stroke in Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:30-40. [PMID: 36445611 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
LT3001 is a novel synthetic small molecule with thrombolytic and free radical scavenging activities. In this study, we tested the effects of LT3001 as a potential alternative thrombolytic in focal embolic ischemic stroke rat model. Stroked rats received intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg LT3001 or tPA at 1.5, 3, or 4.5 h after stroke, respectively, and the outcomes were measured at different time points after stroke by performing multi-parametric MRI, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and modified neurological severity score. Lastly, we assessed the effect of LT3001 on the tPA activity in vitro, the international normalized ratio (INR), and the serum levels of active tPA and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). LT3001 treated at 1.5 h after stroke is neuroprotective by reducing the CBF lesion size and lowering diffusion and T2 lesion size measured by MRI, which is consistent with the reduction in TTC-stained infarction. When treated at 3 h after stroke, LT3001 had significantly better therapeutic effects regarding reduction of infarct size, swelling rate, and hemorrhagic transformation compared to tPA. When treated at 4.5 h after stroke, tPA, but not LT3001, significantly increased brain swelling and intracerebral hemorrhagic transformation. Lastly, LT3001 did not interfere with tPA activity in vitro, or significantly alter the INR and serum levels of active tPA and PAI-1 in vivo. Our data suggests that LT3001 is neuroprotective in focal embolic stroke rat model. It might have thrombolytic property, not interfere with tPA/PAI-1 activity, and cause less risk of hemorrhagic transformation compared to the conventional tPA. Taken together, LT3001 might be developed as a novel therapy for treating thrombotic ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Jiang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yang Ji
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iris Yuwen Zhou
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phillip Zhe Sun
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingming Ning
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhou M, Xin J, Chen J, Sun C, Huo B, Zhang W, Liu X. Scientific Landscape of Oxidative Stress in Stroke: From a Bibliometric Analysis to an in-Depth Review. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3327-3348. [PMID: 37505366 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease resulting from either obstruction or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. Oxidative stress (OS), referred to a status where cellular oxidative capacities overwhelm antioxidative defenses, is involved in the pathophysiology of stroke. The bibliometric analysis and in-depth review aim to depict the research trend of OS in stroke. Relevant scientific publications were acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Scientific landscape of OS in stroke was illustrated by general quantitative trend, impactful journals, and co-authorship of various academic units (i.e., countries/regions, organizations, and authors). Furthermore, theme analysis predicting the hot research issues and frontiers was performed. 15,826 documents regarding OS in stroke were obtained over a time span of more than 20 years from 1992 to 2021. The overall tendency of publication counts was continuously on the rise. Bibliometric analysis indicated China and the United States were predominant in this study field, as reflected by their high publication counts and intensive collaboration with other countries. Current key research areas of OS in stroke may lie in the investigation of neuroinflammation, and interaction among multiple cell death mechanisms including apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis to search for effective treatments. Moreover, another hot topic could be the association between air pollution and stroke, and its underlying mechanisms. As the exploration of OS in stroke is speculated to be a continuous hot spot in the future, this article may be helpful for researchers to conduct future studies with the understanding of influential academic forces and research highlights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hang Kong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiayu Xin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hang Kong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jinyu Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Caiyun Sun
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Bingyue Huo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hang Kong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hang Kong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiangqian Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hang Kong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Neuroprotective Strategies for Ischemic Stroke-Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054334. [PMID: 36901765 PMCID: PMC10002358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the main cause of death and the most common cause of acquired physical disability worldwide. Recent demographic changes increase the relevance of stroke and its sequelae. The acute treatment for stroke is restricted to causative recanalization and restoration of cerebral blood flow, including both intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. Still, only a limited number of patients are eligible for these time-sensitive treatments. Hence, new neuroprotective approaches are urgently needed. Neuroprotection is thus defined as an intervention resulting in the preservation, recovery, and/or regeneration of the nervous system by interfering with the ischemic-triggered stroke cascade. Despite numerous preclinical studies generating promising data for several neuroprotective agents, successful bench-to-bedside translations are still lacking. The present study provides an overview of current approaches in the research field of neuroprotective stroke treatment. Aside from "traditional" neuroprotective drugs focusing on inflammation, cell death, and excitotoxicity, stem-cell-based treatment methods are also considered. Furthermore, an overview of a prospective neuroprotective method using extracellular vesicles that are secreted from various stem cell sources, including neural stem cells and bone marrow stem cells, is also given. The review concludes with a short discussion on the microbiota-gut-brain axis that may serve as a potential target for future neuroprotective therapies.
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Cipolla MJ. Therapeutic Induction of Collateral Flow. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:53-65. [PMID: 35416577 PMCID: PMC10155807 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic induction of collateral flow as a means to salvage tissue and improve outcome from acute ischemic stroke is a promising approach in the era in which endovascular therapy is no longer time-dependent but collateral-dependent. The importance of collateral flow enhancement as a therapeutic for acute ischemic stroke extends beyond those patients with large amounts of salvageable tissue. It also has the potential to extend the time window for reperfusion therapies in patients who are ineligible for endovascular thrombectomy. In addition, collateral enhancement may be an important adjuvant to neuroprotective agents by providing a more robust vascular route for which treatments can gain access to at risk tissue. However, our understanding of collateral hemodynamics, including under comorbid conditions that are highly prevalent in the stroke population, has hindered the efficacy of collateral flow augmentation for improving stroke outcome in the clinical setting. This review will discuss our current understanding of pial collateral function and hemodynamics, including vasoactivity that is critical for enhancing penumbral perfusion. In addition, mechanisms by which collateral flow can be increased during acute ischemic stroke to limit ischemic injury, that may be different depending on the state of the brain and vasculature prior to stroke, will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Robert Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, HSRF 416A, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
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11
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Liu Y, Wang H, Xu R, He L, Wu K, Xu Y, Wang J, Xu F. Serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio predicts neurological deterioration in branch atheromatous disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1098141. [PMID: 36741280 PMCID: PMC9895829 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1098141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Branch atheromatous disease (BAD) makes patients prone to early neurological deterioration (END), resulting in poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SUA/SCr and END in BAD stroke patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective study that included 241 patients with BAD-stroke within 48 h of symptom onset. We divided the patients into the END group and the no END group. END was defined as an NIHSS score increase of more than 2 points within 1 week. SUA/SCr was calculated by the concentration of serum uric acid and creatine (serum uric acid/serum creatine) on admission. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify independent predictors of END in BAD-stroke patients. Results END was observed in 24.1% (58/241) of the patients in our study. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that SUA/SCr (aOR, 0.716; 95% CI, 0.538-0.952; P = 0.022) and female sex (aOR, 0.469; 95% CI, 0.245-0.898; P = 0.022) were associated with END after adjusting for confounding factors. The predicted value of SUA/Scr for END was a sensitivity of 79.3%, a specificity of 44.8%, and an AUC of 0.609 (95% CI, 0.527-0.691, P < 0.05). The optimal cut-off value was 4.76. Conclusion SUA/SCr was negatively associated with the risk of END in BAD stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Yibin Second People's Hospital, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Ronghua Xu
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lanying He
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of Laboratory, Yibin Sixth People's Hospital, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Radiology, Pingshan County People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Jian Wang ✉
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Fan Xu ✉
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12
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Jiang Y, Liu Z, Liao Y, Sun S, Dai Y, Tang Y. Ischemic stroke: From pathological mechanisms to neuroprotective strategies. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1013083. [PMID: 36438975 PMCID: PMC9681807 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1013083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) has complex pathological mechanisms, and is extremely difficult to treat. At present, the treatment of IS is mainly based on intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, but they are limited by a strict time window. In addition, after intravenous thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy, damaged neurons often fail to make ideal improvements due to microcirculation disorders. Therefore, finding suitable pathways and targets from the pathological mechanism is crucial for the development of neuroprotective agents against IS. With the hope of making contributions to the development of IS treatments, this review will introduce (1) how related targets are found in pathological mechanisms such as inflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and complement system activation; and (2) the current status and challenges in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenquan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyong Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Zhu HY, Zhao SZ, Zhang ML, Wang Y, Pan ZM, Cheng HR, Zhao K, Wang Z. Elevated Serum Uric Acid Increases the Risk of Ischemic Stroke Recurrence and Its Inflammatory Mechanism in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:822350. [PMID: 35350634 PMCID: PMC8957925 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.822350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum uric acid (UA) has been reported to be associated with ischemic stroke and inflammation. However, whether or not UA is related to the recurrence of ischemic stroke, and whether inflammation plays a role in the relationship between them remain inconclusive. Objective We sought to explore the relationship between UA and the recurrence of ischemic stroke and to define the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the aforementioned relationship. Methods A total of 8,995 patients were included in this study. Basic information and blood samples were collected, and whether or not each participant experienced ischemic stroke recurrence within 3 years was documented. Patients were stratified into three groups according to their UA level, as follows: ≤ 266, 267–339, and ≥ 340 μmol/L. COX regression and restricted cubic spline regression models were used to evaluate the clinical correlation between UA and ischemic stroke recurrence, mediation analysis and interaction and joint analysis were used to evaluate the role of NLR in the association of UA and ischemic stroke recurrence, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to test the robustness of the data. Results Ischemic stroke recurrence was related to male sex, older age, higher UA level, higher NLR, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Following adjustment for potential confounders, a high level of UA (≥ 340 μmol/L) increased the risk of recurrence by 92.6% in patients with previous ischemic stroke. We also found that NLR affects the association between UA and the recurrence of ischemic stroke in older adults, suggesting that patients with high NLR and high UA levels are at greater risk for ischemic stroke recurrence. Conclusion UA level is non-linearly associated with recurrence, and NLR has an additive interaction between UA and ischemic stroke recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng-Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Pan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao-Ran Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hao-Ran Cheng,
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhuji, China
- Ke Zhao,
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhen Wang,
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14
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Liu Y, Liu X, Jia J, Guo J, Li G, Zhao X. Uric Acid and Clinical Outcomes in Young Patients with Ischemic Stroke. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2219-2228. [PMID: 36199274 PMCID: PMC9529006 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s373493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is limited available evidence for the relationship between uric acid (UA) levels and ischemic stroke in young adults. We aimed to explore the association between UA levels and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in young patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective and observational study. We recruited young patients aged 18-45 years with AIS at our tertiary hospital. Patients were categorized into four groups according to quartiles of UA levels. The primary outcome was functional outcome at 3 months. The secondary outcomes included stroke severity, in-hospital complications, and functional outcome at discharge. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were used to assess functional outcome as poor (mRS=2-6) or favorable(mRS=0-1). RESULTS A total of 636 patients were enrolled in the current analysis. The four groups were defined as follows: Q1≤289.8 µmol/L, 289.8 µmol/ L<Q2≤349.0 µmol/L, 349.0 µmol/L<Q3≤421 µmol/L, and Q4>421 µmol/L. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that UA levels were not significantly predictive of functional outcome either at discharge or at 3 months after AIS. However, compared to Q1, higher UA levels were significantly negatively associated with the rate of moderate-severe stroke (NIHSS≥5) at admission (p for trend =0.016). Furthermore, a reduction in the risk for in-hospital pneumonia was significantly associated with higher UA levels compared to Q1 (P for trend < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Serum UA was a protective factor for stroke severity and in-hospital pneumonia after AIS in young patients. However, we were unable to identify the predictive significance of UA for functional outcome either at discharge or at 3 months after AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaokun Jia
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangshuo Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Sun X, Lv J, Wu Z, Shi J, Huang H. Serum Uric Acid to Serum Creatinine Ratio and Risk of Stroke Recurrence in Young Adults with Ischemic Stroke. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2031-2039. [PMID: 36111220 PMCID: PMC9469936 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s378576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio (SUA/SCr) is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the association between SUA/SCr and stroke recurrence among young adults with ischemic stroke. METHODS A total of 428 young patients with ischemic stroke were included in the present study. SUA/SCr was calculated from the concentration of serum uric acid and creatine (uric acid/creatine). Cox proportional regression models were performed to evaluate the association between SUA/SCr and stroke recurrence. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare recurrence rates in different quantiles of SUA/SCr. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.14 years, 51 (10.7%) patients had stroke recurrence. Multivariable analyses indicated that SUA/SCr was associated with stroke recurrence after being adjusted for potential confounders (quantile four versus quantile one: hazard ratio: 3.420; 95% confidence interval: 1.426-8.200; P = 0.006). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that patients with a high concentration of SUA/SCr had an increased stroke recurrence risk. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the curve for SUA/SCr was above 0.7 during follow-up. Restricted cubic spline presented an increasing trend for the link between SUA/SCr and stroke recurrence among young adults. CONCLUSION SUA/SCr was positively associated with the risk of stroke recurrence among young adults with ischemic stroke. Further prospective studies are warranted to assess the causality between SUA/SCr and the development of stroke recurrence among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Sun
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Liyang, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lv
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Liyang, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213300, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Liyang, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Liyang, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213300, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Huang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Liyang, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213300, People's Republic of China
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize recent evidence regarding the complex relationship between uric acid (UA), gout, and brain diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Observational studies have suggested that patients with hyperuricemia or gout might have a decreased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, they may be at increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies use a genetic score as an instrumental variable to address the causality of the association between a risk factor (here, UA or gout) and an outcome. So far, MR analyses do not support a causal relationship of UA or gout with Alzheimer's disease and dementia, and of UA with Parkinson's disease or stroke. Observation studies indicate a U-shaped association between UA and brain diseases, but MR studies do not support that this association is causal. Further studies should address the causal role of gout as well as the impact of urate-lowering therapy on these outcomes.
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17
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Mulder IA, van Bavel ET, de Vries HE, Coutinho JM. Adjunctive cytoprotective therapies in acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:46. [PMID: 34666786 PMCID: PMC8524879 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the introduction of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), a new era for treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has arrived. However, despite the much larger recanalization rate as compared to thrombolysis alone, final outcome remains far from ideal. This raises the question if some of the previously tested neuroprotective drugs warrant re-evaluation, since these compounds were all tested in studies where large-vessel recanalization was rarely achieved in the acute phase. This review provides an overview of compounds tested in clinical AIS trials and gives insight into which of these drugs warrant a re-evaluation as an add-on therapy for AIS in the era of EVT. A literature search was performed using the search terms "ischemic stroke brain" in title/abstract, and additional filters. After exclusion of papers using pre-defined selection criteria, a total of 89 trials were eligible for review which reported on 56 unique compounds. Trial compounds were divided into 6 categories based on their perceived mode of action: systemic haemodynamics, excitotoxicity, neuro-inflammation, blood-brain barrier and vasogenic edema, oxidative and nitrosative stress, neurogenesis/-regeneration and -recovery. Main trial outcomes and safety issues are summarized and promising compounds for re-evaluation are highlighted. Looking at group effect, drugs intervening with oxidative and nitrosative stress and neurogenesis/-regeneration and -recovery appear to have a favourable safety profile and show the most promising results regarding efficacy. Finally, possible theories behind individual and group effects are discussed and recommendation for promising treatment strategies are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Mulder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E T van Bavel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M Coutinho
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Rong N, Zhao P, Yang J, Fan QL, Zhang Q, Han ZG, Cai J, Zhu DS. The U-Shaped Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Red Blood Cell Distribution Width in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Physiol 2021; 12:631369. [PMID: 34413783 PMCID: PMC8369338 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.631369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The U-shaped association between serum uric acid (SUA) and the functional outcome has been found in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, it is unclear if SUA is associated with red blood cell morphology in AIS. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SUA and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in patients with AIS. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 438 consecutive patients with AIS was conducted. SUA and RDW, biochemical parameters that reflect the heterogeneity of red blood cell volume, were evaluated on admission. We evaluated the association between SUA and RDW through linear curve fitting analyses and two-piecewise regression analyses. Results: The association between SUA levels and RDW followed a U-shape in all patients. In females, the values of RDW significantly decreased with the increment of SUA (per mg/dl: β, -1.45; 95% CI: -2.15 to -0.75; p < 0.001) in patients with SUA <3.86 mg/dl and increased with the increment of SUA (per mg/dl: β, 0.60; 95% CI: 0.22-0.97; p = 0.002) in patients with SUA ≥ 3.86 mg/dl. Similar results were observed in males with the turning point of SUA = 4.82 mg/dl. After adjusting for potential confounders, a U-shaped association between SUA and RDW was maintained in females, but no statistical significance was maintained in patients with SUA ≥ 4.82 mg/dl in males (p = 0.206). Conclusion: In the sample of patients with AIS, we found a U-shaped relationship between SUA levels and RDW, with the turning point of SUA (3.96 mg/dl in females and 4.82 mg/dl in males) by the threshold effect analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Rong
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Lei Fan
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Han
- Department of Radiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Abstract
Urate is the end-product of the purine metabolism in humans. The dominant source of urate is endogenous purines and the remainder comes through diet. Approximately two thirds of urate is eliminated via the kidney with the rest excreted in the feces. While the transporter BCRP, encoded by ABCG2, has been found to play a role in both the gut and kidney, SLC22A12 and SLC2A9 encoding URAT1 and GLUT9, respectively, are the two transporters best characterized. Only 8-12% of the filtered urate is excreted by the kidney. Renal elimination of urate depends substantially on specific transporters, including URAT1, GLUT9 and BCRP. Studies that have assessed the biologic effects of urate have produced highly variable results. Although there is a suggestion that urate may have anti-oxidant properties in some circumstances, the majority of evidence indicates that urate is pro-inflammatory. Hyperuricemia can result in the formation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals that may be recognized as danger signals by the immune system. This immune response results in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and ultimately in the production and release of interleukin-1β, and IL-18, that mediate both inflammation, pyroptotic cell death, and necroinflammation. It has also been demonstrated that soluble urate mediates effects on the kidney to induce hypertension and can induce long term epigenetic reprogramming in myeloid cells to induce "trained immunity." Together, these sequelae of urate are thought to mediate most of the physiological effects of hyperuricemia and gout, illustrating this biologically active molecule is more than just an "end-product" of purine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Keenan
- Division of Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham 27710, NC, USA.
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20
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Wang Q, Zhao H, Gao Y, Lu J, Xie D, Yu W, He F, Liu W, Hisatome I, Yamamoto T, Wang W, Cheng J. Uric acid inhibits HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling to alleviate oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury of microglia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 540:22-28. [PMID: 33429196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has implicated inflammation in ischemia-reperfusion injury following acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Microglia remain the primary initiator and participant of brain inflammation. Emerging evidence has indicated that uric acid has promise for the treatment of AIS, but its explicit mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we observed that uric acid reduced the severity of cerebral infarction and attenuated the activation of microglia in the cerebral cortex in a mouse middle cerebral-artery occlusion/reperfusion model. Thus, we speculated that uric acid may play a role by directly interfering with the inflammatory response of microglia. First, we investigated whether the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling plays a role in oxygen glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) injury of BV2 cells. Inhibition of the signaling significantly reduced the release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL1β), and IL6 caused by OGD/R in BV2 cells. Second, uric acid weakened the decreased cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase release induced by OGD/R in BV2 cells. Finally, uric acid reduced the release of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL1β, and IL6 caused by OGD/R in BV2 cells by dampening HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling, which was reversed by probenecid treatment, an inhibitor of the uric acid channel. Hence, uric acid halted the release of inflammatory factors and the decreased cell viability induced by ODG/R via inhibiting the microglia HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling, thereby alleviating the damage to microglia. This may be part of the molecular mechanisms by which uric acid protects mice against the brain damage of middle cerebral-artery occlusion/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hairong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaming Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - De Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Furong He
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Mármol F, Sanchez J, Martínez-Pinteño A. Effects of uric acid on oxidative and nitrosative stress and other related parameters in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 165:102237. [PMID: 33429354 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) comprises about 65% of the total antioxidant capacity of plasma. In patients with acute ischemic stroke, UA reduces the incidence of early clinical worsening and improves patient outcomes compared with placebo. It also reduces infarct growth and improves functional outcomes in some patient subgroups, such as those with hyperglycemia pretreatment. Although UA is widely recognized as an important antioxidant in blood, its precise mechanism of action on the CNS is still unclear. Here, we assess how UA produces an antioxidant effect in neuroblastoma cells subjected to oxidative/nitrosative stress. We also evaluate its action on mitochondrial complexes I and III, as well as the capacity of UA to modify cell death induced by oxidative stress. Other related parameters such as BDNF and PGE2 were also determined. We observed that UA is a very powerful antioxidant which efficiently reduces ROS/RNS stress signaling and cell death during oxidative/nitrosative neurotoxicity. This providing evidence that UA could be used to improve disorders in which ROS and RNS play important role, such as ischemic stroke and chronic neurodegeneration, as confirmed by BDNF results. PGE2 results indicate that UA does not modify the inflammation in control neuroblastoma cells despite an increased in PGE2 levels in ischemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Mármol
- Departament de Fonaments Clínics. Unitat de Farmacologia. Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Barcelona, c/Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Sanchez
- Departament de Fonaments Clínics. Unitat de Farmacologia. Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Barcelona, c/Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Martínez-Pinteño
- Departament de Fonaments Clínics. Unitat de Farmacologia. Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de Barcelona, c/Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Xu L, Jing Y, Zhao C, Yang Y, Yang J, Zhou W, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Yang Y. Cross-sectional analysis of the association between serum uric acid levels and handgrip strength among Chinese adults over 45 years of age. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 8:1562. [PMID: 33437761 PMCID: PMC7791196 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2813a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is the decline in muscle strength and mass attributed to aging. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia may be triggered by oxidative stress; uric acid (UA) has strong antioxidant properties. This study aimed to examine if the serum UA level is associated with handgrip strength (HGS), which is a useful indicator of sarcopenia among Chinese participants aged over 45. Methods Our study included 992 eligible participants (583 males and 409 females). Based on serum UA quartiles and gender, the participants were divided into 8 groups. HGS was measured in kilograms using an electronic dynamometer. Face-to-face visits and fasting blood analyses were performed to determine the serum UA levels and various covariates. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to analyze the linear or quadratic trend between the UA levels and grip strength. Results Participants were grouped according to UA quartiles by gender. In both genders, ANOVA showed an inverted J-shaped association between serum UA levels and HGS (P for quadratic trend =0.004 in men, P for quadratic trend =0.003 in women). After adjusting for potential confounders, the association between the UA quartiles and HGS was unchanged, irrespective of gender. Conclusions The results suggest that a specific range of serum UA levels may be associated with better HGS among Chinese adults aged over 45.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Jing
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Institute of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Yichen Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaodi Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunmei Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Liu X, Cao Z, Gu H, Yang K, Ji R, Li Z, Zhao X, Wang Y. Uric Acid and Clinical Outcomes Among Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients: Results From the China Stroke Center Alliance. Front Neurol 2021; 11:609938. [PMID: 33424760 PMCID: PMC7793938 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.609938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The effect of uric acid (UA) levels on severity and prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains controversial. We aimed to explore the association of admission UA levels with stroke severity and outcomes in ICH patients. Materials and Methods: The patients enrolled in this study were from the China Stroke Center Alliance study (CSCA). Patients were divided into four groups (Q1–Q4) according to the quartiles of UA levels at admission. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes included stroke severity, in-hospital complications, and discharge disposition. Multivariate logistic regression was adopted to explore the association of UA levels with outcomes after ICH. Results: Patients (84,304) with acute ICH were included in the final analysis; the median (interquartile range) of UA was 277 (210, 354) μmol/L. The four groups were defined as follows: Q1 ≤ 210 μmol/L, 210 μmol/L < Q2 ≤ 277 μmol/L, 277 μmol/L < Q3 ≤ 354 μmol/L, Q4 > 354 μmol/L. There was no significant evidence indicating that UA levels were correlated with the discharge disposition and in-hospital mortality after ICH. However, compared to Q1, the patients with higher UA levels had decreased odds of severe stroke (NIHSS ≥ 16) at admission (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.86–0.92). An L-shaped association was found between UA and severe stroke. Among in-hospital complications, decrease in pneumonia, poor swallow function, gastrointestinal bleeding, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were significantly associated with higher UA levels compared to Q1 (P for trend < 0.0001). Conclusions: UA was a protective factor for stroke severity and in-hospital complications such as pneumonia, poor swallow function, gastrointestinal bleeding, and DVT. However, no significant evidence indicated that UA levels were predictive of the discharge disposition and in-hospital mortality after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhentang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqiu Gu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijun Ji
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
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24
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Aliena-Valero A, Rius-Pérez S, Baixauli-Martín J, Torregrosa G, Chamorro Á, Pérez S, Salom JB. Uric Acid Neuroprotection Associated to IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway Activation in Rat Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:408-423. [PMID: 32959172 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the promising neuroprotective effects of uric acid (UA) in acute ischemic stroke, the seemingly pleiotropic underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Recent evidence points to transcription factors as UA targets. To gain insight into the UA mechanism of action, we investigated its effects on pertinent biomarkers for the most relevant features of ischemic stroke pathophysiology: (1) oxidative stress (antioxidant enzyme mRNAs and MDA), (2) neuroinflammation (cytokine and Socs3 mRNAs, STAT3, NF-κB p65, and reactive microglia), (3) brain swelling (Vegfa, Mmp9, and Timp1 mRNAs), and (4) apoptotic cell death (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and TUNEL-positive cells). Adult male Wistar rats underwent intraluminal filament transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and received UA (16 mg/kg) or vehicle (Locke's buffer) i.v. at 20 min reperfusion. The outcome measures were neurofunctional deficit, infarct, and edema. UA treatment reduced cortical infarct and brain edema, as well as neurofunctional impairment. In brain cortex, increased UA: (1) reduced tMCAO-induced increases in Vegfa and Mmp9/Timp1 ratio expressions; (2) induced Sod2 and Cat expressions and reduced MDA levels; (3) induced Il6 expression, upregulated STAT3 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, induced Socs3 expression, and inhibited microglia activation; and (4) ameliorated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and induced a reduction in caspase-3 cleavage as well as in TUNEL-positive cell counts. In conclusion, the mechanism for morphological and functional neuroprotection by UA in ischemic stroke is multifaceted, since it is associated to activation of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway, attenuation of edematogenic VEGF-A/MMP-9 signaling, and modulation of relevant mediators of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Aliena-Valero
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universitat de València, Torre A, Lab 5.05, Ave Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Rius-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Júlia Baixauli-Martín
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Torregrosa
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universitat de València, Torre A, Lab 5.05, Ave Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Chamorro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan B Salom
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universitat de València, Torre A, Lab 5.05, Ave Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
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25
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Otsu Y, Namekawa M, Toriyabe M, Ninomiya I, Hatakeyama M, Uemura M, Onodera O, Shimohata T, Kanazawa M. Strategies to prevent hemorrhagic transformation after reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke: A literature review. J Neurol Sci 2020; 419:117217. [PMID: 33161301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reperfusion therapies by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) have ushered in a new era in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, reperfusion therapy-related HT remains an enigma. AIM To provide a comprehensive review focused on emerging concepts of stroke and therapeutic strategies, including the use of protective agents to prevent HT after reperfusion therapies for AIS. METHODS A literature review was performed using PubMed and the ClinicalTrials.gov database. RESULTS Risk of HT increases with delayed initiation of tPA treatment, higher baseline glucose level, age, stroke severity, episode of transient ischemic attack within 7 days of stroke onset, and hypertension. At a molecular level, HT that develops after thrombolysis is thought to be caused by reactive oxygen species, inflammation, remodeling factor-mediated effects, and tPA toxicity. Modulation of these pathophysiological mechanisms could be a therapeutic strategy to prevent HT after tPA treatment. Clinical mechanisms underlying HT after MT are thought to involve smoking, a low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, use of general anesthesia, unfavorable collaterals, and thromboembolic migration. However, the molecular mechanisms are yet to be fully investigated. Clinical trials with MT and protective agents have also been planned and good outcomes are expected. CONCLUSION To fully utilize the easily accessible drug-tPA-and the high recanalization rate of MT, it is important to reduce bleeding complications after recanalization. A future study direction could be to investigate the recovery of neurological function by combining reperfusion therapies with cell therapies and/or use of pleiotropic protective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Otsu
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaki Namekawa
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masafumi Toriyabe
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Itaru Ninomiya
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hatakeyama
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shimohata
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masato Kanazawa
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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26
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Wang J, Fan Y, Cai X, Gao Z, Yu Z, Wei B, Tang Y, Hu L, Liu WT, Gu Y. Uric acid preconditioning alleviated doxorubicin induced JNK activation and Cx43 phosphorylation associated cardiotoxicity via activation of AMPK-SHP2 signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1570. [PMID: 33437769 PMCID: PMC7791217 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic, which is effective for treating various malignancies such as leukemias and lymphomas. However, its serious cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity limits its clinical application. Previous studies have shown that doxorubicin-associated cardiotoxicity is closely related to adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Uric acid is known to exert a strong antioxidant function and moderate protection on the nerves. However, its cardioprotective properties have not been established. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of uric acid preconditioning on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and the involvement of AMPK signaling in this process. Methods An acute cardiotoxicity model of doxorubicin was established by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of doxorubicin (20 mg/kg) in mice. Uric acid (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered to mice one day before doxorubicin treatment and then continuously administered every 24 h for 8 consecutive days. The mortality rate and weight of the mice were recorded every day. Electrocardiograms (ECG) and serum biochemicals were detected with an ECG instrument and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Elisa) respectively. A real-time cell analyzer (RTCA) was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in vitro. Cell signaling was assayed by western blotting. Results Uric acid (125 mg/kg) preconditioning increased the survival rate and body weight of doxorubicin-treated mice. Uric acid also effectively alleviated prolongation of the doxorubicin-induced QT interval, slowed heart rate, and reduced the plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in plasma in mice. Moreover, uric acid strongly activated AMPK and Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2), inhibiting doxorubicin-induced expression phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and phosphorylated-connexin 43 (Cx43) in vitro and in vivo and effectively reversing the doxorubicin-induced decreased viability of H9C2 myocardial cells in vitro. Conclusions We demonstrated that uric acid preconditioning alleviated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through the AMPK-SHP2-JNK-Cx43 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixin Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyi Yu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Tao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Higher uric acid is associated with better discharge recovery and short-term outcome in stroke patients treated with thrombolysis. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:3225-3231. [PMID: 33241534 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uric acid (UA) possesses antioxidant features and potential neuroprotective effects. However, conflicting results regarding the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the prognosis of stroke have been obtained. We aimed to assess whether SUA is related to discharge recovery and short-term outcomes in patients who underwent thrombolysis therapy. METHODS We recruited 393 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and treated with thrombolysis. The demographic information, including sex and age, was collected. Haematology tests, including SUA, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and blood lipid parameters, were performed under fasting conditions the morning after admission. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess the functional outcome of patients at discharge and 3 months after onset. RESULTS A negative correlation was observed between the levels of SUA and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at discharge (r = - 0.171, P = 0.003). Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the levels of SUA and the difference between the baseline NIHSS and discharge NIHSS (r = 0.118, P = 0.032). The levels of SUA in the patients with good outcomes (353.76 ± 93.05) were higher than those in the patients with poor outcomes (301.99 ± 92.24; P = 0.015) at 3 months. The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a higher SUA level (odds ratio 0.988, 95% confidence interval 0.985-0.991, P = 0.002) was an independent predictor of a good outcome at 3 months. CONCLUSION Higher SUA levels were associated with better discharge recovery and 3-month outcomes in patients with ischaemic stroke who received thrombolysis.
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Paul S, Candelario-Jalil E. Emerging neuroprotective strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke: An overview of clinical and preclinical studies. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113518. [PMID: 33144066 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability and thesecond leading cause of death worldwide. With the global population aged 65 and over growing faster than all other age groups, the incidence of stroke is also increasing. In addition, there is a shift in the overall stroke burden towards younger age groups, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Stroke in most cases is caused due to an abrupt blockage of an artery (ischemic stroke), but in some instances stroke may be caused due to bleeding into brain tissue when a blood vessel ruptures (hemorrhagic stroke). Although treatment options for stroke are still limited, with the advancement in recanalization therapy using both pharmacological and mechanical thrombolysis some progress has been made in helping patients recover from ischemic stroke. However, there is still a substantial need for the development of therapeutic agents for neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke to protect the brain from damage prior to and during recanalization, extend the therapeutic time window for intervention and further improve functional outcome. The current review has assessed the past challenges in developing neuroprotective strategies, evaluated the recent advances in clinical trials, discussed the recent initiative by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in USA for the search of novel neuroprotectants (Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network, SPAN) and identified emerging neuroprotectants being currently evaluated in preclinical studies. The underlying molecular mechanism of each of the neuroprotective strategies have also been summarized, which could assist in the development of future strategies for combinational therapy in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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29
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The Predictive Value of Serum Uric Acid on Acute Kidney Injury following Traumatic Brain Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2874369. [PMID: 32934958 PMCID: PMC7479452 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2874369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Backgrounds Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent nonneurological complication in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We designed this study to explore the association between serum uric acid (SUA) level and the occurrence of AKI following TBI. Methods This is a retrospective single-center study. A total of 479 patients admitted with TBI were included in this study. We utilized SUA and other risk factors for AKI to construct a predictive model by performing multivariate logistic regression. 374 patients and 105 patients were, respectively, divided into a training set and validation set. The predictive value of the single SUA and constructed model was evaluated by drawing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. AKI was diagnosed according to the KIDGO criteria. Results 79 (21.12%) patients were diagnosed with AKI in the training cohort. The patients in the AKI group are older than those in the non-AKI group (p = 0.01). And the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of the AKI group was lower than that of the non-AKI group (p < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that heart rate (p = 0.041), shock (p = 0.018), serum creatinine (p < 0.001), and serum uric acid (SUA) (p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for AKI. Bivariate correlation analyses showed that serum creatinine was moderately positively correlated with SUA (r = 0.523, p < 0.001). Finally, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of SUA for predicting AKI in the training set and validation set was 0.850 (0.805-0.895) and 0.869 (0.801-0.938), respectively. Conclusions SUA is an effective risk factor for AKI following TBI. Combining SUA with serum creatinine could more accurately identify TBI patients with high risk of developing AKI.
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30
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Zhang YQ, Wu JB, Yin W, Zhang YH, Huang ZJ. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of ligustrazine/resveratrol hybrids as potential anti-ischemic stroke agents. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:633-640. [PMID: 32768171 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To search for potent anti-ischemic stroke agents, a series of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP)/resveratrol (RES) hybrids 6a-t were designed and synthesized. These hybrids inhibited adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- or arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation, among them, 6d, 6g-i, 6o and 6q were more active than TMP. The most active compound 6h exhibited more potent anti-platelet aggregation activity than TMP, RES, as well as positive control ticlopidine (Ticlid) and aspirin (ASP). Furthermore, 6h exerted strong antioxidative activity in a dose-dependent manner in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells which were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or hydroxyl radical (·OH). Importantly, 6h significantly protected primary neuronal cells suffered from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury, comparable to an anti-ischemic drug edaravone (Eda). Together, our findings suggest that 6h may be a promising candidate warranting further investigation for the intervention of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Qiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhang-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Zheng X, Wang A, Zhu Z, Peng Y, Peng H, Zhong C, Bu X, Guo D, Xu T, Chen J, Xu T, Ju Z, Geng D, Zhang Y, He J. Effect of renal function on association between uric acid and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients with elevated systolic blood pressure. Neurol Res 2020; 42:923-929. [PMID: 32657261 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1792688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prognostic value of uric acid in ischemic stroke remains controversial, and it is unclear whether renal function status modifies the prognostic value of uric acid in ischemic stroke patients. METHODS A total of 3284 acute ischemic stroke patients from the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CATIS) with creatinine and uric acid measurements were included in this analysis. The primary outcome was a composite of death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) at 1 year after stroke. RESULTS The prognostic value of uric acid in ischemic stroke was appreciably modified by patients' renal function status (p for interaction <0.05). After multivariate adjustment, higher uric acid level was significantly associated with a better prognosis in patients with normal renal function (odds ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.83), but not in those with abnormal renal function (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-1.55), when two extreme quartiles were compared. Linear association between uric acid and primary outcome was observed among patients with normal renal function (p for linearity = 0.023). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that high serum uric acid concentration is associated with better prognosis in ischemic stroke patients with normal renal function, but not in those with abnormal renal function. The establishment of causality between increased uric acid levels and better stroke prognosis needs more suitably designed randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine , New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology , Tangshan, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Chongke Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Bu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Daoxia Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Tan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine , New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Zhong Ju
- Department of Neurology, Kerqin District First People's Hospital of Tongliao City , Tongliao, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine , New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA, USA
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Hu G, Li J, Wang Q, Wang C, Wang Y, Gong T, Liu D. J-shaped relationship between serum uric acid levels and the risk of ischemic stroke in high-risk individuals: A hospital-based observational study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 195:105906. [PMID: 32447150 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and the risk of ischemic stroke (IS) has been fully elucidated in previous studies. Therefore, we further investigated the relationship between SUA levels and the risk of IS. PATIENTS AND METHODS 2195 patients at the Beijing Hospital, between February 2012 and May 2018, were enrolled in our hospital-based cross-sectional study. The patients were divided into an IS group and a (non-IS) control group, based on their medical records. SUA level was measured using the enzymatic uricase method. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used for the analysis. RESULTS A total of 300 patients with IS [176 men; age (mean ± SD): 71.38 ± 10.66 years] and 1895 control patients [1060 men; age (mean ± SD): 66.12 ± 12.04 years] were enrolled in this study. IS patients had higher concentrations of SUA, compared with control group patients [6.11 ± 1.92 vs. 5.77 ± 1.62 (mg/dL)]; P = 0.004). We observed a J-shaped association between SUA levels and the risk of IS. Both the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses found a significantly elevated risk of IS in the bottom and upper SUA levels both in quartiles and deciles, compared with the intermediate SUA levels. CONCLUSION These results indicate a J-shaped, independent association between SUA levels and the risk of IS in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaifeng Hu
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 9 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Juan Li
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 9 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 9 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 9 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 9 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Research & Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Deping Liu
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing 100730, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 9 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
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Kim WJ, Kim HR, Song JS, Choi ST. Low levels of serum urate are associated with a higher prevalence of depression in older adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Korea. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:104. [PMID: 32375903 PMCID: PMC7201976 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soluble urate has been shown to serve as an antioxidant, especially in the central nervous system. Although there are intriguing data suggesting that low levels of serum urate are associated with worse outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases, its impact on mental health has not been adequately assessed. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between serum urate and depression using a large, nationally representative sample. Methods Information on participants’ socio-demographic characteristics as well as physical and mental health conditions were retrieved from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016 dataset. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 was applied to identify depressive symptoms. Analyses were stratified by age: young adults (aged 19–39 years), middle-aged adults (aged 40–59 years), and older adults (aged 60 years and older). Results A total of 5332 participants were included. Serum urate concentrations were divided into sex-specific quartiles based on their distribution: ≤ 4.9 (Q1), 5.0–5.7 (Q2), 5.8–6.6 (Q3), and ≥ 6.7 (Q4) mg/dL in men and ≤ 3.7 (Q1), 3.8–4.3 (Q2), 4.4–4.9 (Q3), and ≥ 5.0 (Q4) mg/dL in women. There was a significant negative linear relationship between serum urate quartiles and PHQ-9 scores in older adults (p for trend = 0.020 in men and p for trend = 0.048 in women). Compared to high levels (Q3 and Q4) of serum urate, low levels (Q1 and Q2) were significantly associated with the overall burden of depression in older women (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.21, 2.61) and clinically relevant depression in older men (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.16, 9.70), even after adjustment. Conclusions Based on the KNHANES data, low levels of serum urate are associated with a higher prevalence of depression in older adults. This may have clinical implications for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Joong Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ri Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Tae Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea.
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Yuan K, Zhang X, Chen J, Li S, Yang D, Xie Y, Xia Y, Wu M, Wang H, Xu G, Liu X. Uric acid level and risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage in ischaemic stroke treated with endovascular treatment. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1048-1055. [PMID: 32147879 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There are limited data on the association between uric acid (UA) and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (SICH) in patients who have undergone mechanical thrombectomy [endovascular treatment (EVT)]. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of serum UA level in SICH after EVT in a real-world practice. METHODS Patients were selected from the Endovascular Treatment for Acute Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke (ACTUAL) registry. SICH was identified using the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the relationship between serum UA and SICH. RESULTS Among 611 enrolled patients, 90 (14.7%) were diagnosed with SICH within 72 h after EVT. Patients with SICH had a significantly higher level of serum UA (median, 341.0 vs. 302.0 μmol/L; P = 0.003) than those without SICH. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with UA levels in the fourth quartile, compared with the first quartile, were more likely to have SICH (odds ratio, 2.846; 95% confidence intervals, 1.429-6.003; P = 0.003). The association remained significant after multivariable adjustment for potential confounders. Furthermore, the multiple-adjusted spline regression model showed an inverted U-shaped association between UA and SICH (P = 0.047 for non-linearity). CONCLUSION Our study indicated that increased serum UA level was independently associated with SICH after EVT in acute ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease Treatment Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - D Yang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Xia
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - M Wu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, The 80th Group Army Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Weifang, China
| | - G Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Dhir N, Medhi B, Prakash A, Goyal MK, Modi M, Mohindra S. Pre-clinical to Clinical Translational Failures and Current Status of Clinical Trials in Stroke Therapy: A Brief Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:596-612. [PMID: 31934841 PMCID: PMC7457423 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200114160844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In stroke (cerebral ischemia), despite continuous efforts both at the experimental and clinical level, the only approved pharmacological treatment has been restricted to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Stroke is the leading cause of functional disability and mortality throughout worldwide. Its pathophysiology starts with energy pump failure, followed by complex signaling cascade that ultimately ends in neuronal cell death. Ischemic cascade involves excessive glutamate release followed by raised intracellular sodium and calcium influx along with free radicals' generation, activation of inflammatory cytokines, NO synthases, lipases, endonucleases and other apoptotic pathways leading to cell edema and death. At the pre-clinical stage, several agents have been tried and proven as an effective neuroprotectant in animal models of ischemia. However, these agents failed to show convincing results in terms of efficacy and safety when the trials were conducted in humans following stroke. This article highlights the various agents which have been tried in the past but failed to translate into stroke therapy along with key points that are responsible for the lagging of experimental success to translational failure in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmacology, Research Block B, 4th Floor, Room no 4043, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India; E-mail:
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Salmeron KE, Maniskas ME, Edwards DN, Wong R, Rajkovic I, Trout A, Rahman AA, Hamilton S, Fraser JF, Pinteaux E, Bix GJ. Interleukin 1 alpha administration is neuroprotective and neuro-restorative following experimental ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:222. [PMID: 31727174 PMCID: PMC6857151 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide despite recent treatment breakthroughs. A primary event in stroke pathogenesis is the development of a potent and deleterious local and peripheral inflammatory response regulated by the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1). While the role of IL-1β (main released isoform) has been well studied in stroke, the role of the IL-1α isoform remains largely unknown. With increasing utilization of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) or thrombectomy to pharmacologically or mechanically remove ischemic stroke causing blood clots, respectively, there is interest in pairing successful cerebrovascular recanalization with neurotherapeutic pharmacological interventions (Fraser et al., J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 37:3531–3543, 2017; Hill et al., Lancet Neurol 11:942–950, 2012; Amaro et al., Stroke 47:2874–2876, 2016). Methods Transient stroke was induced in mice via one of two methods. One group of mice were subjected to tandem ipsilateral common carotid artery and middle cerebral artery occlusion, while another group underwent the filament-based middle cerebral artery occlusion. We have recently developed an animal model of intra-arterial (IA) drug administration after recanalization (Maniskas et al., J Neurosci Met 240:22–27, 2015). Sub groups of the mice were treated with either saline or Il-1α, wherein the drug was administered either acutely (immediately after surgery) or subacutely (on the third day after stroke). This was followed by behavioral and histological analyses. Results We now show in the above-mentioned mouse stroke models (transient tandem ipsilateral common carotid artery (CCA) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCA) occlusion, MCA suture occlusion) that IL-1α is neuroprotective when acutely given either intravenously (IV) or IA at low sub-pathologic doses. Furthermore, while IV administration induces transient hemodynamic side effects without affecting systemic markers of inflammation, IA delivery further improves overall outcomes while eliminating these side effects. Additionally, we show that delayed/subacute IV IL-1α administration ameliorates functional deficit and promotes neurorepair. Conclusions Taken together, our present study suggests for the first time that IL-1α could, unexpectedly, be an effective ischemic stroke therapy with a broad therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Salmeron
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Michael E Maniskas
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Danielle N Edwards
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Raymond Wong
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, A.V. Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ivana Rajkovic
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, A.V. Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Amanda Trout
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Abir A Rahman
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Samantha Hamilton
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Justin F Fraser
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, A.V. Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gregory J Bix
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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The potential of drug repurposing combined with reperfusion therapy in cerebral ischemic stroke: A supplementary strategy to endovascular thrombectomy. Life Sci 2019; 236:116889. [PMID: 31610199 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the major cause of adult disability and the second or third leading cause of death in developed countries. The treatment options for stroke (thrombolysis or thrombectomy) are restricted to a small subset of patients with acute ischemic stroke because of the limited time for an efficacious response and the strict criteria applied to minimize the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Attempts to develop new treatments, such as neuroprotectants, for acute ischemic stroke have been costly and time-consuming and to date have yielded disappointing results. The repurposing approved drugs known to be relatively safe, such as statins and minocycline, may provide a less costly and more rapid alternative to new drug discovery in this clinical condition. Because adequate perfusion is thought to be vital for a neuroprotectant to be effective, endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) with advanced imaging modalities offers the possibility of documenting reperfusion in occluded large cerebral vessels. An examination of established medications that possess neuroprotective characters using in a large-vessel occlusive disorder with EVT may speed the identification of new and more broadly efficacious medications for the treatment of ischemic stroke. These approaches are highlighted in this review along with a critical assessment of drug repurposing combined with reperfusion therapy as a supplementary means for halting or mitigating stroke-induced brain damage.
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Song Q, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Liu J, Wei C, Liu M. Serum Uric Acid and Risk of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:94-101. [PMID: 31486972 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) is an antioxidant with neuroprotective effects in experimental stroke models. Whether serum UA plays a role in hemorrhagic transformation (HT) remains unclear. We aimed to explore the association between serum UA and HT in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). AIS patients within 7 days after stroke onset were consecutively enrolled between January 2016 and October 2017. Patients were categorized into three groups according to serum UA tertiles by sex. HT was detected by follow-up CT or MRI within 7 days after admission. The multivariate logistic analysis was performed to assess the association of serum UA with HT. We included 1230 patients (mean age 64.1 years, 63.5% males) and 133 (10.8%) patients experienced HT. After adjusting confounders, patients in the second and third UA tertiles showed a significant decrease in HT compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR 0.432, 95% CI 0.266-0.702; OR 0.033, 95% CI 0.013-0.086, respectively). Similar results were observed for sex-based subgroups. Males with higher UA had lower risk of HT compared with the lowest UA tertile (OR 0.332, 95% CI 0.170-0.651; OR 0.008, 95% CI 0.001-0.070, respectively). In females, the highest UA tertile was inversely associated with HT (OR 0.148, 95% CI 0.058-0.376). Multiple-adjusted spline regression analyses further confirmed the dose-response relationship between UA levels and HT. Higher serum UA is independently associated with lower HT following stroke. More studies are needed to elucidate the potential neuroprotective mechanism of serum UA and its link to HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quhong Song
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yajun Cheng
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenchen Wei
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Fernández-Gajardo R, Matamala JM, Gutiérrez R, Lozano P, Cortés-Fuentes IA, Sotomayor CG, Bustamante G, Pasten JA, Vargas G, Guerrero R, Reyes P, Cavada G, Feuerhake W, Rodrigo R. Relationship between infarct size and serum uric acid levels during the acute phase of stroke. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219402. [PMID: 31295304 PMCID: PMC6622494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Uric acid has gained considerable attention as a potential neuroprotective agent in stroke during the last decades, however, its role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke remains poorly understood. A serial evaluation of uric acid levels during the acute phase of stroke and its association with infarct size on magnetic resonance imaging is lacking. Methods We present a cohort study of 31 patients with ischemic stroke who were not candidates for thrombolysis according to current criteria at the time. We performed daily measurements of serum uric acid and total antioxidant capacity of plasma during the first week after symptoms onset and 30 days after. Infarct size was determined in the acute phase by a DWI sequence and the final infarct size with a control MRI (FLAIR) at day 30. Results Uric acid significantly decreases between days 2 to 6 compared to day 1, after adjustment by sex, age and DWI at diagnosis, with a nadir value at 72h. A mixed model analysis showed a negative association between DWI at diagnosis and uric acid evolution during the first week after stroke. Moreover, multivariable linear regression of uric acid values during follow up on DWI volumes demonstrated that DWI volume at diagnosis is negatively associated with uric acid levels at day 3 and 4. There were no significant associations between total antioxidant capacity of plasma and DWI at diagnosis, or FLAIR at any point. Discussion Patients with larger infarcts exhibited a significant decrease in serum uric acid levels, accounting for a more prominent reactive oxygen species scavenging activity with subsequent consumption and decay of this antioxidant. The different kinetics of total antioxidant capacity of plasma and serum uric acid levels suggests a specific role of uric acid in the antioxidant response in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Fernández-Gajardo
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Manuel Matamala
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Gutiérrez
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ignacio A. Cortés-Fuentes
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo G. Sotomayor
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Bustamante
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A. Pasten
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Vargas
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Pablo Reyes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Cavada
- School of Public Health, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Walter Feuerhake
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (WF); (RR)
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (WF); (RR)
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Nighoghossian N, Cornut L, Amaz C, Eker O, Mewton N, Ameli R, Berner LP, Cho TH, Ovize M, Berthezene Y. Impact of Collateral Status on Neuroprotective Effect of Cyclosporine A in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Curr Neurovasc Res 2019; 16:173-177. [PMID: 31244424 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666190618094014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroprotection for acute ischemic stroke remains an elusive goal. Intracranial collaterals may favor neuroprotective drugs delivery at the acute stage of ischemic stroke. A recent phase 2 study showed that cyclosporine A (CsA) reduced ischemic damage in patients with a proximal occlusion who experienced effective recanalization. Collateral flow may improve this benefit. MATERIALS & METHODS Collateral supply was assessed using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI in 47 patients among the 110 patients from the original study and were graded in two groups: good collaterals and poor collaterals. Patients with good collaterals had significantly smaller initial infarct in both CsA group (p = 0.003) and controls (p = 0.016). Similarly, the final lesion volume was significantly lower in patients with good collaterals in both groups. RESULTS In patients with either good or poor collaterals CsA showed no additional benefit on ischemic lesion progression and final infarct size at day 30. CONCLUSION We failed to demonstrate any significant additional benefit of CsA in patients with good collateral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Nighoghossian
- Department of Stroke Medicine, University Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lucie Cornut
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS-UMR5220 INSERM-U1044, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Amaz
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Investigation Center, Universite Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Omer Eker
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS-UMR5220 INSERM-U1044, Lyon, France
| | - Nathan Mewton
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Investigation Center, Universite Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Roxana Ameli
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS-UMR5220 INSERM-U1044, Lyon, France
| | - Lise Prune Berner
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS-UMR5220 INSERM-U1044, Lyon, France
| | - Tae Hee Cho
- Department of Stroke Medicine, University Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Ovize
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Investigation Center, Universite Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Yves Berthezene
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Lyon 1, CREATIS, CNRS-UMR5220 INSERM-U1044, Lyon, France
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41
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Amaro S, Jiménez-Altayó F, Chamorro Á. Uric acid therapy for vasculoprotection in acute ischemic stroke. Brain Circ 2019; 5:55-61. [PMID: 31334357 PMCID: PMC6611195 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) is a product of the catabolism of purine nucleotides, the principal constituents of DNA, RNA, and cellular energy stores, such as adenosine triphosphate. The main properties of UA include scavenging of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite that make this compound to be the most potent antioxidant in the human plasma. As the result of two silencing mutations in the gene of the hepatic enzyme uricase which degrades UA to allantoin, humans have higher levels of UA than most mammals. However, these levels rapidly decrease following an acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and this decrement has been associated to worse stroke outcomes. This review highlights the safety and potential clinical value of UA therapy in AIS, particularly in patients more exposed to redox-mediated mechanism following the onset of ischemia, such as women, hyperglycemic patients, or patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy. The clinical findings are supported by preclinical data gathered in different laboratories, and in assorted animal species which include male and female individuals or animals harboring comorbidities frequently encountered in patients with AIS, such as hyperglycemia or hypertension. A remarkable finding in these studies is that UA targets its main effects in the brain vasculature since available evidence suggests that does not seem to cross the blood–brain barrier. Altogether, the available data with UA therapy extend the importance of vasculoprotection for effective neuroprotection at the bedside and reinforce the role of endothelial cells after brain ischemia for an increased survival of the whole neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Amaro
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Department de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Chamorro
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Uric acid treatment after stroke modulates the Krüppel-like factor 2-VEGF-A axis to protect brain endothelial cell functions: Impact of hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 164:115-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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43
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Kim JS. tPA Helpers in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Are They Ready for Clinical Use? J Stroke 2019; 21:160-174. [PMID: 31161761 PMCID: PMC6549064 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2019.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only therapeutic agent approved to treat patients with acute ischemic stroke. The clinical benefits of tPA manifest when the agent is administered within 4.5 hours of stroke onset. However, tPA administration, especially delayed administration, is associated with increased intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), hemorrhagic transformation (HT), and mortality. In the ischemic brain, vascular remodeling factors are upregulated and microvascular structures are destabilized. These factors disrupt the blood brain barrier (BBB). Delayed recanalization of the vessels in the presence of relatively matured infarction appears to damage the BBB, resulting in HT or ICH, also known as reperfusion injury. Moreover, tPA itself activates matrix metalloproteases, further aggravating BBB disruption. Therefore, attenuation of edema, HT, or ICH after tPA treatment is an important therapeutic strategy that may enable clinicians to extend therapeutic time and increase the probability of excellent outcomes. Recently, numerous agents with various mechanisms have been developed to interfere with various steps of ischemia/ reperfusion injuries or BBB destabilization. These agents successfully reduce infarct volume and decrease the incidence of ICH and HT after delayed tPA treatment in various animal stroke models. However, only some have entered into clinical trials; the results have been intriguing yet unsatisfactory. In this narrative review, I describe such drugs and discuss the problems and future directions. These “tPA helpers” may be clinically used in the future to increase the efficacy of tPA in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong S Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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44
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Association between Pretreatment Serum Uric Acid Levels and Progression of Newly Diagnosed Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A Prospective Cohort Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7919836. [PMID: 30881597 PMCID: PMC6383391 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7919836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Increased evidence reveals that uric acid (UA) may have an important neuroprotective effect through its antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between pretreatment serum UA levels and the progression of newly diagnosed primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Methods This prospective observational cohort study included 64 patients with newly diagnosed PACG who were followed up for a mean period of 12.77 months (range: 3–28 months). All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmological examination during the baseline and final follow-up visits, together with the acquisition of blood samples for UA measurements. During the follow-up period, the progression of PACG was defined as a clinical diagnosis of medically uncontrolled intraocular pressure and a loss of visual field with a mean deviation of >1 dB/year. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were used to investigate the association between baseline serum UA levels and the progression of PACG. The cumulative probability of progression of glaucoma was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results During follow-up, 32 subjects were defined as progressive PACG, among whom baseline UA values were significantly higher in nonprogressing subjects than in progressing subjects (0.314 ± 0.069 mmol/l versus [vs.] 0.258 ± 0.069 mmol/l, respectively; P = 0.002). Similar results were also observed in male and female subgroups (P < 0.05). In a multivariable model, a decreased baseline serum UA level was associated with an increased risk for progressing PACG: both in male (hazard ratio [HR] 6.088 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.163–31.8638]; P = 0.032) and female subjects (HR 3.565 [95% CI 1.131–11.236]; P = 0.030). Subjects with high UA levels demonstrated higher cumulative probabilities of nonprogressing PACG than those with low UA levels (male [16.67% vs. 80.00%; P = 0.0084] and female [29.41% vs. 68.00%; P = 0.0182]). Conclusion An association between high baseline serum UA levels and a decreased risk for progressing PACG was found. This primary finding suggests that high serum UA levels may have a protective role against PACG and could slow disease progression.
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Cutler RG, Camandola S, Feldman NH, Yoon JS, Haran JB, Arguelles S, Mattson MP. Uric acid enhances longevity and endurance and protects the brain against ischemia. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 75:159-168. [PMID: 30576885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Among mammals, there is a positive correlation between serum uric acid (UA) levels and life span. Humans have high levels of UA because they lack a functional urate oxidase (UOX) enzyme that is present in shorter lived mammals. Here, we show that male and female mice with UOX haploinsufficiency exhibit an age-related elevation of UA levels, and that the life span of female but not male UOX+/- mice is significantly increased compared to wild-type mice. Serum UA levels are elevated in response to treadmill exercise in UOX+/- mice, but not wild-type mice, and the endurance of the UOX+/- mice is significantly greater than wild-type mice. UOX+/- mice exhibit elevated levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, reduced brain damage and improved functional outcome in a model of focal ischemic stroke. Levels of oxidative protein nitration and lipid peroxidation are reduced in muscle and brain tissues of UOX+/- mice under conditions of metabolic and oxidative stress (running in the case of muscle and ischemia in the case of the brain), consistent with prior evidence that UA can scavenge peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radical. Our findings reveal roles for UA in life span determination, endurance and adaptive responses to brain injury, and suggest novel approaches for protecting cells against injury and for optimizing physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy G Cutler
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neil H Feldman
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeong Seon Yoon
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James B Haran
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sandro Arguelles
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Bushnell CD, Chaturvedi S, Gage KR, Herson PS, Hurn PD, Jiménez MC, Kittner SJ, Madsen TE, McCullough LD, McDermott M, Reeves MJ, Rundek T. Sex differences in stroke: Challenges and opportunities. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:2179-2191. [PMID: 30114967 PMCID: PMC6282222 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18793324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biologic sex influences many variables that are important to brain health in general, and to stroke or cerebral ischemia in particular, such as general health status, cerebrovascular anatomy and function, unique risk factors such as pregnancy and preeclampsia, symptomatology, and therapeutic response. A more complete understanding of the scale and depth of sexual dimorphism in the brain and the role of more general sex-based factors is crucial to reducing the burden of stroke in women and men. This focused review highlights recent findings in stroke, including sex differences in epidemiology, risk factor reduction, comparative use of stroke therapeutics in both sexes, the importance of frailty in women, and the biologic basis for sex differences in stroke. Such findings show tremendous promise for the future of personalized medicine in stroke prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seemant Chaturvedi
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kathy R Gage
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Patricia D Hurn
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Monik C Jiménez
- Division of Women’s Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven J Kittner
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center and Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tracy E Madsen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Mathew J Reeves
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Kikuchi K, Setoyama K, Tanaka E, Otsuka S, Terashi T, Nakanishi K, Takada S, Sakakima H, Ampawong S, Kawahara KI, Nagasato T, Hosokawa K, Harada Y, Yamamoto M, Kamikokuryo C, Kiyama R, Morioka M, Ito T, Maruyama I, Tancharoen S. Uric acid enhances alteplase-mediated thrombolysis as an antioxidant. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15844. [PMID: 30367108 PMCID: PMC6203847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) therapy may prevent early ischemic worsening after acute stroke in thrombolysis patients. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of UA on the thrombolytic efficacy of alteplase in human blood samples by measuring thrombolysis under flow conditions using a newly developed microchip-based flow-chamber assay. Human blood samples from healthy volunteers were exposed to UA, alteplase, or a combination of UA and alteplase. Whole blood and platelet-rich plasma were perfused over a collagen- and thromboplastin-coated microchip, and capillary occlusion was monitored with a video microscope and flow-pressure sensor. The area under the curve (extent of thrombogenesis or thrombolysis) at 30 minutes was 92% lower in the UA-alteplase-treated group compared with the alteplase-treated group. D-dimers were measured to evaluate these effects in human platelet-poor plasma samples. Although hydrogen peroxide significantly decreased the elevation of D-dimers by alteplase, UA significantly inhibited the effect of hydrogen peroxide. Meanwhile, rat models of thromboembolic cerebral ischemia were treated with either alteplase or UA-alteplase combination therapy. Compared with alteplase alone, the combination therapy reduced the infarct volume and inhibited haemorrhagic transformation. UA enhances alteplase-mediated thrombolysis, potentially by preventing oxidative stress, which inhibits fibrinolysis by alteplase in thrombi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kentaro Setoyama
- Natural Science Center for Research and Education, Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Tanaka
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shotaro Otsuka
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuto Terashi
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiya Takada
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Sakakima
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, (S.A.), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ko-Ichi Kawahara
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan.,Laboratory of Functional Foods, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoka Nagasato
- Research Institute, Fujimori Kogyo Co., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hosokawa
- Research Institute, Fujimori Kogyo Co., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Harada
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mika Yamamoto
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Kamikokuryo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kiyama
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Motohiro Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Salunya Tancharoen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Jiménez-Xarrié E, Pérez B, Dantas AP, Puertas-Umbert L, Martí-Fabregas J, Chamorro Á, Planas AM, Vila E, Jiménez-Altayó F. Uric Acid Treatment After Stroke Prevents Long-Term Middle Cerebral Artery Remodelling and Attenuates Brain Damage in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 11:1332-1347. [PMID: 30219993 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke and is associated with poorer post-stroke outcomes. The antioxidant uric acid is protective in experimental normotensive ischaemic stroke. However, it is unknown whether this treatment exerts long-term protection in hypertension. We aimed to evaluate the impact of transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (90 min)/reperfusion (1-15 days) on brain and vascular damage progression in adult male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY; n = 36) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR; n = 37) rats treated (i.v./120 min post-occlusion) with uric acid (16 mg kg-1) or vehicle (Locke's buffer). Ischaemic brain damage was assessed longitudinally with magnetic resonance imaging and properties of MCA from both hemispheres were studied 15 days after stroke. Brain lesions in WKY rats were associated with a transitory increase in circulating IL-18 and cerebrovascular oxidative stress that did not culminate in long-term MCA alterations. In SHR rats, more severe brain damage and poorer neurofunctional outcomes were coupled to higher cortical cerebral blood flow at the onset of reperfusion, a transient increase in oxidative stress and long-lasting stroke-induced MCA hypertrophic remodelling. Thus, stroke promotes larger brain and vascular damage in hypertensive rats that persists for long-time. Uric acid administered during early reperfusion attenuated short- and long-term brain injuries in both normotensive and hypertensive rats, an effect that was associated with abolishment of the acute oxidative stress response and prevention of stroke-induced long-lasting MCA remodelling in hypertension. These results suggest that uric acid might be an effective strategy to improve stroke outcomes in hypertensive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jiménez-Xarrié
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IIB)-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Dantas
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Puertas-Umbert
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Martí-Fabregas
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IIB)-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Chamorro
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Àrea de Neurociènces, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Maria Planas
- Àrea de Neurociènces, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vila
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Aliena-Valero A, López-Morales MA, Burguete MC, Castelló-Ruiz M, Jover-Mengual T, Hervás D, Torregrosa G, Leira EC, Chamorro Á, Salom JB. Emergent Uric Acid Treatment is Synergistic with Mechanical Recanalization in Improving Stroke Outcomes in Male and Female Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 388:263-273. [PMID: 30077000 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies support a promising, albeit not definitive, neuroprotective effect of emergent uric acid (UA) administration in ischemic stroke. We assessed the effects of UA in an ischemic stroke model relevant to the current treatment paradigm of mechanical thrombectomy within the STAIR/RIGOR recommendations. A cohort of male and female Wistar rats was subjected to ischemic stroke with mechanical recanalization under physiological monitoring. The effects of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) with adjunctive UA (IV, 16 mg/kg) or vehicle treatment were assessed at 24 h and 7 days. Outcomes included neurofunctional impairment, brain infarct (TTC staining, MRI imaging and cresyl violet staining) and edema. At 24 h after tMCAO, neurofunctional scores and brain infarct were significantly reduced in rats subjected to UA treatment compared to vehicle, with a selective effect of UA on cortical infarct. No differential effect of UA between male and female rats was evidenced, as no significant interaction of sex with stroke outcomes was found. Rats achieving higher reperfusion levels after tMCAO showed superior reduction of neurofunctional impairment, cortical infarct and edema by UA. After a 7-day follow-up, male rats subjected to UA treatment still showed reductions in neurofunctional impairment and infarct size, compared to vehicle treatment. In conclusion, UA treatment immediately after transient ischemia results in a sex-independent, maintained reduction of brain damage and neurological impairment, better manifested in hyperperfusion conditions. This synergistic effect of UA with mechanical recanalization supports additional clinical testing of UA as an adjunctive treatment to mechanical thrombectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Aliena-Valero
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mikahela A López-Morales
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María C Burguete
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Castelló-Ruiz
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Teresa Jover-Mengual
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Hervás
- Unidad de Bioestadística, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Torregrosa
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique C Leira
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, Carver College of Medicine and College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Ángel Chamorro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan B Salom
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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50
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Zhou Z, Lu J, Liu WW, Manaenko A, Hou X, Mei Q, Huang JL, Tang J, Zhang JH, Yao H, Hu Q. Advances in stroke pharmacology. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:23-42. [PMID: 29807056 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel is blocked or ruptured, and it is the major cause of death and adult disability worldwide. Various pharmacological agents have been developed for the treatment of stroke either through interrupting the molecular pathways leading to neuronal death or enhancing neuronal survival and regeneration. Except for rtPA, few of these agents have succeeded in clinical trials. Recently, with the understanding of the pathophysiological process of stroke, there is a resurrection of research on developing neuroprotective agents for stroke treatment, and novel molecular targets for neuroprotection and neurorestoration have been discovered to predict or offer clinical benefits. Here we review the latest major progress of pharmacological studies in stroke, especially in ischemic stroke; summarize emerging potential therapeutic mechanisms; and highlight recent clinical trials. The aim of this review is to provide a panorama of pharmacological interventions for stroke and bridge basic and translational research to guide the clinical management of stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianfei Lu
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wen-Wu Liu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xianhua Hou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiyong Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jun-Long Huang
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qin Hu
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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