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Zhai Z, Shao L, Lu Z, Yang Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Wang H, Zheng Y, Lu H, Song X, Zhang Y. Characteristics of mucin hypersecretion in different inflammatory patterns based on endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis. Clin Transl Allergy 2024; 14:e12334. [PMID: 38282195 PMCID: PMC10802810 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is usually accompanied by mucin hypersecretion that can lead to mucus accumulation and impair nasal mucociliary clearance, thus exacerbating airway inflammation. Abnormal mucin hypersecretion is regulated by different T helper (Th) cytokines, which are associated with different endotype-driven inflammatory responses. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand how these factors regulate mucin hypersecretion to provide precise treatment strategies for different endotypes of CRS. BODY: Thus far, the most common endotypes of CRS are classified as type 1, type 2, or type 3 immune responses based on innate and adaptive cell-mediated effector immunity, and the representative Th cytokines in these immune responses, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-22, play an important regulatory role in mucin secretion. We reviewed all the related literature in the PubMed database to determine the expression of these Th cytokines in CRS and the role they play in the regulation of mucin secretion. CONCLUSION We believe that the main Th cytokines involved in specific endotypes of CRS play a key role in regulating abnormal mucin secretion, which contributes to better understanding of the pathogenesis of CRS and provides therapeutic targets for airway inflammatory diseases associated with mucin hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxue Zhai
- Second Clinical Medicine CollegeBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Liting Shao
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Zhaoyang Lu
- Second Clinical Medicine CollegeBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Yujuan Yang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Huikang Wang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Haoran Lu
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
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Cheon YH, Kim MS, Kim JY, Kim DH, Han SY, Lee JH. Eupatilin downregulates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced MUC5AC expression via inhibition of p38/ERK/JNK MAPKs signal pathway in human airway epithelial cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:157-163. [PMID: 32140039 PMCID: PMC7043994 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory airway diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, are associated with excessive mucus production. Hence, the regulation of mucus production is important for the treatment of upper and lower airway diseases. Eupatilin is a pharmacologically active ingredient obtained from Artemisia asiatica Nakai (Asteraceae) and exerts potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities. In the present study, we investigated the effect of eupatilin on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced MUC5AC and MUC5B expression in human airway epithelial cells. We found that eupatilin treatment significantly inhibited PMA-induced mucus secretion in PAS staining. In addition, qRT-PCR results showed that eupatilin dose-dependently decreased the mRNA expression of MUC5AC in human airway epithelial cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay also showed that PMA-induced protein expression of MUC5AC was inhibited by eupatilin treatment. Finally, we investigated MAPKs activity after stimulation with PMA using western blot analysis in human airway epithelial cells. The results showed that eupatilin downregulated the levels of phosphorylated p38, ERK, and JNK. In summary, the anti-inflammatory activities of eupatilin, characterized as the suppression of MUC5AC expression and secretion in human airway epithelial cells, were found to be associated with the inhibition of p38/ERK/JNK MAPKs signaling pathway of MUC5AC secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hee Cheon
- Center for Core Research Facilities, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Min Seob Kim
- Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Seung Yoon Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
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Genova E, Cavion F, Lucafò M, Leo LD, Pelin M, Stocco G, Decorti G. Induced pluripotent stem cells for therapy personalization in pediatric patients: Focus on drug-induced adverse events. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:1020-1044. [PMID: 31875867 PMCID: PMC6904863 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i12.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are major clinical problems, particularly in special populations such as pediatric patients. Indeed, ADRs may be caused by a plethora of different drugs leading, in some cases, to hospitalization, disability or even death. In addition, pediatric patients may respond differently to drugs with respect to adults and may be prone to developing different kinds of ADRs, leading, in some cases, to more severe consequences. To improve the comprehension, and thus the prevention, of ADRs, the set-up of sensitive and personalized assays is urgently needed. Important progress is represented by the possibility of setting up groundbreaking patient-specific assays. This goal has been powerfully achieved using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Due to their genetic and physiological species-specific differences and their ability to be differentiated ideally into all tissues of the human body, this model may be accurate in predicting drug toxicity, especially when this toxicity is related to individual genetic differences. This review is an up-to-date summary of the employment of iPSCs as a model to study ADRs, with particular attention to drugs used in the pediatric field. We especially focused on the intestinal, hepatic, pancreatic, renal, cardiac, and neuronal levels, also discussing progress in organoids creation. The latter are three-dimensional in vitro culture systems derived from pluripotent or adult stem cells simulating the architecture and functionality of native organs such as the intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, heart, and brain. Based on the existing knowledge, these models are powerful and promising tools in multiple clinical applications including toxicity screening, disease modeling, personalized and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Genova
- PhD School in Reproduction and Development Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Federica Cavion
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Marianna Lucafò
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Luigina De Leo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Marco Pelin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Decorti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
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Choi BS, Kim YJ, Choi JS, Lee HJ, Lee CJ. Obtusifolin isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia regulates the gene expression and production of MUC5AC mucin in airway epithelial cells via affecting NF-κB pathway. Phytother Res 2019; 33:919-928. [PMID: 30632219 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether obtusin, obtusifolin, and cassiaside isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia inhibit the gene expression and production of airway mucin 5AC (MUC5AC). Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with obtusin, obtusifolin, or cassiaside for 30 min and then stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) for 24 hr. The MUC5AC mucin gene expression was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Production of MUC5AC mucin protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To elucidate the action mechanism of obtusifolin, effect of obtusifolin on PMA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was investigated by western blot analysis. Obtusin, obtusifolin, or cassiaside inhibited the expression of MUC5AC mucin gene and the production of MUC5AC mucin protein, induced by EGF, PMA, or TNF-α. Obtusifolin inhibited PMA-induced activation (phosphorylation) of inhibitory kappa B kinase, and thus phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory kappa B alpha. Obtusifolin inhibited PMA-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. These results suggest that obtusifolin can regulate the production and gene expression of mucin by acting on airway epithelial cells through regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Soo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Smith Liberal Arts College and Department of Addiction Science, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
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5
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Kondo S, Mizuno S, Hashita T, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Using human iPS cell-derived enterocytes as novel in vitro model for the evaluation of human intestinal mucosal damage. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:975-984. [PMID: 30317465 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The primary component in gut mucus is mucin 2 (MUC2) secreted by goblet cells. Fluctuations in MUC2 expression are considered a useful indicator for evaluating mucosal damage and protective effect of various agents using animal studies. However, there are few in vitro studies evaluating mucosal damage using MUC2 as the indicator. Hence, we attempted to establish a novel in vitro model with MUC2 as the indicator for evaluating drug-induced mucosal damage and protective effect using enterocytes derived from human iPS cells. METHODS Compounds were added into enterocytes derived from human iPS cells, and MUC2 mRNA and protein expression levels were evaluated. Further, the effect of compounds on membrane permeability was investigated. RESULTS Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were found to decrease MUC2 mRNA expression in enterocytes, whereas mucosal protective agents increased mRNA levels. Changes in MUC2 protein expression were consistent with those of mRNA. Additionally, our results indicated that indomethacin caused mucosal damage, affecting membrane permeability of the drug. Moreover, we observed protective effect of rebamipide against the indomethacin-induced permeability increase. CONCLUSIONS The developed model could facilitate evaluating drug-induced mucosal damage and protective effects of various agents and could impact drug development studies regarding pharmacological efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kondo
- Department of Drug Safety Research, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shota Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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Antosova M, Mokra D, Pepucha L, Plevkova J, Buday T, Sterusky M, Bencova A. Physiology of nitric oxide in the respiratory system. Physiol Res 2018; 66:S159-S172. [PMID: 28937232 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important endogenous neurotransmitter and mediator. It participates in regulation of physiological processes in different organ systems including airways. Therefore, it is important to clarify its role in the regulation of both airway and vascular smooth muscle, neurotransmission and neurotoxicity, mucus transport, lung development and in the. surfactant production. The bioactivity of NO is highly variable and depends on many factors: the presence and activity of NO-producing enzymes, activity of competitive enzymes (e.g. arginase), the amount of substrate for the NO production, the presence of reactive oxygen species and others. All of these can change NO primary physiological role into potentially harmful. The borderline between them is very fragile and in many cases not entirely clear. For this reason, the research focuses on a comprehensive understanding of NO synthesis and its metabolic pathways, genetic polymorphisms of NO synthesizing enzymes and related effects. Research is also motivated by frequent use of exhaled NO monitoring in the clinical manifestations of respiratory diseases. The review focuses on the latest knowledge about the production and function of this mediator and understanding the basic physiological processes in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Antosova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Respirology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
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Abdullah LH, Coakley R, Webster MJ, Zhu Y, Tarran R, Radicioni G, Kesimer M, Boucher RC, Davis CW, Ribeiro CMP. Mucin Production and Hydration Responses to Mucopurulent Materials in Normal versus Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:481-491. [PMID: 29099608 PMCID: PMC5821906 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201706-1139oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cystic fibrosis (CF) airways disease produces a mucoobstructive lung phenotype characterized by airways mucus plugging, epithelial mucous cell metaplasia/hyperplasia, chronic infection, and inflammation. Simultaneous biochemical and functional in vivo studies of mucin synthesis and secretion from CF airways are not available. In vitro translational models may quantitate differential CF versus normal mucin and fluid secretory responses to infectious/inflammatory stimuli. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that CF airways exhibit defective epithelial fluid, but not mucin, secretory responses to bacterial/inflammatory host products. METHODS Well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cultures were exposed to supernatant from mucopurulent material (SMM) from human CF airways as a test of bacterial/inflammatory host product stimulus. Human bronchial epithelia (HBE) with normal CF transmembrane conductance regulator function were compared with ΔF508/ΔF508 CF HBE. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Acute (up to 60 min) SMM exposure promoted mucin secretion, but mucins were degraded by the proteolytic enzymes present in SMM. Chronic SMM exposure induced upregulation of mucin synthesis and storage and generated absolute increases in basal and stimulated mucin release in normal and CF cultures. These responses were similar in normal and CF cultures. In contrast, SMM produced a coordinated CF transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated Cl- secretory response in normal HBE, but not in CF HBE. The absence of the fluid secretory response in CF produced quantitatively more dehydrated mucus. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the interplay between regulation of mucin and fluid secretion rates in inflamed versus noninflamed conditions and why a hyperconcentrated mucus is produced in CF airways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond Coakley
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
- Department of Medicine
| | | | - Yunxiang Zhu
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and
| | | | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
- Department of Medicine
| | - C. William Davis
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and
| | - Carla M. P. Ribeiro
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and
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TNF α Affects Ciliary Beat Response to Increased Viscosity in Human Pediatric Airway Epithelium. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3628501. [PMID: 28025644 PMCID: PMC5153504 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3628501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In airway epithelium, mucociliary clearance (MCC) velocity depends on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF), and it is affected by mucus viscoelastic properties. Local inflammation induces secretion of cytokines (TNFα) that can alter mucus viscosity; however airway ciliated cells have an autoregulatory mechanism to prevent the collapse of CBF in response to increase in mucus viscosity, mechanism that is associated with an increment in intracellular Ca+2 level ([Ca2+]i). We studied the effect of TNFα on the autoregulatory mechanism that regulates CBF in response to increased viscosity using dextran solutions, in ciliated cells cultured from human pediatric epithelial adenoid tissue. Cultures were treated with TNFα, before and after the viscous load was changed. TNFα treatment produced a significantly larger decrease in CBF in cultures exposed to dextran. Furthermore, an increment in [Ca2+]i was observed, which was significantly larger after TNFα treatment. In conclusion, although TNFα has deleterious effects on ciliated cells in response to maintaining CBF after increasing viscous loading, it has a positive effect, since increasing [Ca2+]i may prevent the MCC collapse. These findings suggest that augmented levels of TNFα associated with an inflammatory response of the nasopharyngeal epithelium may have dual effects that contribute to maintaining the effectiveness of MCC in the upper airways.
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Kim EJ, Yoon YP, Woo KW, Kim JH, Min SY, Lee HJ, Lee SK, Hong JH, Lee KR, Lee CJ. Verticine, ebeiedine and suchengbeisine isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. inhibited the gene expression and production of MUC5AC mucin from human airway epithelial cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:95-104. [PMID: 26926170 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bulb of Fritillaria thunbergii has been utilised as mucoregulators and expectorants for controlling the airway inflammatory diseases in folk medicine. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We investigated whether verticine, ebeiedine and suchengbeisine isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria thunbergii inhibit the gene expression and production of MUC5AC mucin from human airway epithelial cells. STUDY DESIGN Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with verticine, ebeiedine or suchengbeisine for 30 min and then stimulated with EGF, PMA or TNF-α for 24h. The MUC5AC mucin gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. Production of MUC5AC mucin protein was measured by ELISA. RESULTS (1) Verticine, ebeiedine or suchengbeisine inhibited the expression of MUC5AC mucin gene induced by EGF, PMA or TNF-α; (2) The production of MUC5AC mucin protein induced by EGF, PMA or TNF-α were also inhibited by treatment of verticine, ebeiedine or suchengbeisine. CONCLUSION These results suggest that verticine, ebeiedine and suchengbeisine isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria thunbergii inhibit the gene expression and production of MUC5AC mucin, by directly acting on airway epithelial cells, and the results are consistent with the traditional use of Fritillaria thunbergii as remedy for diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Yong Pill Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Wan Woo
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeon Min
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kang Ro Lee
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea .
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea .
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10
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Sibila O, Suarez-Cuartin G, Rodrigo-Troyano A, Fardon TC, Finch S, Mateus EF, Garcia-Bellmunt L, Castillo D, Vidal S, Sanchez-Reus F, Restrepo MI, Chalmers JD. Secreted mucins and airway bacterial colonization in non-CF bronchiectasis. Respirology 2015; 20:1082-8. [PMID: 26172851 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Secreted mucins play a key role in antibacterial defence in the airway, but have not previously been characterized in non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis patients. We aim to investigate the relationship between secreted mucins levels and the presence of bacterial colonization due to potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPM) in the airways of stable bronchiectasis patients. METHODS Clinically stable bronchiectasis patients were studied prospectively at two centres. Patients with other pulmonary conditions were excluded. Spontaneous sputum was subject to bacterial culture, and secreted mucins (MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B) were measured in sputum supernatants by ELISA. RESULTS A total of 50 patients were included. PPM were identified from sputum samples in 30 (60%), with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 10) and Haemophilus influenzae (n = 10) as the most common PPM. There were no baseline differences among airway colonized and non-colonized patients. Patients with airways colonized by PPM presented higher levels of airway MUC2. No differences in MUC5AC levels were found among groups, whereas MUC5B levels were undetectable. Patients with P. aeruginosa colonization expressed the highest levels of MUC2. High levels of MUC2 and MUC5AC are also correlated with disease severity using the Bronchiectasis Severity Index. CONCLUSIONS Airway MUC2 levels were higher in bronchiectasis patients colonized with PPM compared with those without airway colonization, especially in patients with P. aeruginosa. These findings suggest that airway-secreted mucins levels may play a role in the pathogenesis of airway infection in non-CF bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Sibila
- Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Suarez-Cuartin
- Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rodrigo-Troyano
- Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas C Fardon
- Tayside Respiratory Research Group, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Simon Finch
- Tayside Respiratory Research Group, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Eder Freddy Mateus
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Garcia-Bellmunt
- Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Castillo
- Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Vidal
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Sanchez-Reus
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Microbiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcos I Restrepo
- Critical Care Department, South Texas Veterans Health Care System.,Medicine Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - James D Chalmers
- Tayside Respiratory Research Group, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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11
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Yoon YP, Lee HJ, Lee DU, Lee SK, Hong JH, Lee CJ. Effects of Lupenone, Lupeol, and Taraxerol Derived from Adenophora triphylla on the Gene Expression and Production of Airway MUC5AC Mucin. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2015; 78:210-7. [PMID: 26175774 PMCID: PMC4499588 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2015.78.3.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adenophora triphylla var. japonica is empirically used for controlling airway inflammatory diseases in folk medicine. We evaluated the gene expression and production of mucin from airway epithelial cells in response to lupenone, lupeol and taraxerol derived from Adenophora triphylla var. japonica. Methods Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with lupenone, lupeol or taraxerol for 30 minutes and then stimulated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) for 24 hours. The MUC5AC mucin gene expression and production were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Additionally, we examined whether lupenone, lupeol or taraxerol affects MUC5AC mucin production induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), the other 2 stimulators of airway mucin production. Results Lupenone, lupeol, and taraxerol inhibited the gene expression and production of MUC5AC mucin induced by TNF-α from NCI-H292 cells, respectively. The 3 compounds inhibited the EGF or PMA-induced production of MUC5AC mucin in NCI-H292 cells. Conclusion These results indicated that lupenone, lupeol and taraxerol derived from Adenophora triphylla var. japonica regulates the production and gene expression of mucin, by directly acting on airway epithelial cells. In addition, the results partly explain the mechanism of of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica as a traditional remedy for diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pill Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong-Ung Lee
- Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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12
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Ando Y, Shinozawa Y, Iijima Y, Yu BC, Sone M, Ooi Y, Watanaka Y, Chida K, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced repression of GKAP42 protein levels through cGMP-dependent kinase (cGK)-Iα causes insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5881-92. [PMID: 25586176 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.624759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) have been shown to be major mediators of insulin signaling. Recently, we found that IRSs form high-molecular weight complexes, and here, we identify by yeast two-hybrid screening a novel IRS-1-associated protein: a 42-kDa cGMP-dependent protein kinase-anchoring protein (GKAP42). GKAP42 knockdown in 3T3-L1 adipocytes suppressed insulin-dependent IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and downstream signaling, resulting in suppression of GLUT4 translocation to plasma membrane induced by insulin. In addition, GLUT4 translocation was also suppressed in cells overexpressing GKAP42-N (the IRS-1 binding region of GKAP42), which competed with GKAP42 for IRS-1, indicating that GKAP42 binding to IRS-1 is required for insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation. Long term treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with TNF-α, which induced insulin resistance, significantly decreased the GKAP42 protein level. We then investigated the roles of cGMP-dependent kinase (cGK)-Iα, which bound to GKAP42, in these changes. cGK-Iα knockdown partially rescued TNF-α-induced decrease in GKAP42 and impairment of insulin signals. These data indicated that TNF-α-induced repression of GKAP42 via cGK-Iα caused reduction of insulin-induced IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation at least in part. The present study describes analysis of the novel TNF-α-induced pathway, cGK-Iα-GKAP42, which regulates insulin-dependent signals and GLUT4 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Ando
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shinozawa
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yumi Iijima
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Bu-Chin Yu
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Meri Sone
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuko Ooi
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanaka
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chida
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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13
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Seo HS, Sikder MA, Lee HJ, Ryu J, Lee CJ. Apigenin Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Production and Gene Expression of Mucin through Regulating Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling Pathway in Airway Epithelial Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:525-31. [PMID: 25489420 PMCID: PMC4256032 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether apigenin significantly affects tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucin in airway epithelial cells. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with apigenin for 30 min and then stimulated with TNF-α for 24 h or the indicated periods. The MUC5AC mucin gene expression and mucin protein production were measured by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Apigenin significantly inhibited MUC5AC mucin production and down-regulated MUC5AC gene expression induced by TNF-α in NCI-H292 cells. To elucidate the action mechanism of apigenin, effect of apigenin on TNF-α-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was also investigated by western blot analysis. Apigenin inhibited NF-κB activation induced by TNF-α. Inhibition of inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK) by apigenin led to the suppression of inhibitory kappa B alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation and degradation, p65 nuclear translocation. This, in turn, led to the down-regulation of MUC5AC protein production in NCI-H292 cells. Apigenin also has an influence on upstream signaling of IKK because it inhibited the expression of adaptor protein, receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1). These results suggest that apigenin can regulate the production and gene expression of mucin through regulating NF-κB signaling pathway in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Seok Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed Asaduzzaman Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
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14
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Adalimumab Treatment in Biologically Naïve Crohn's Disease: Relationship with Ectopic MUC5AC Expression and Endoscopic Improvement. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2014; 2014:687257. [PMID: 24829572 PMCID: PMC4009194 DOI: 10.1155/2014/687257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Adalimumab (ADA) is effective for patients with Crohn's disease (CD). However, there have been few reports on ADA therapy with respect to its relationship with pathologic findings and drug efficacy in biologically naïve CD cases. Methods. Fifteen patients with active biologically naïve CD were treated with ADA. We examined them clinically and pathologically with ectopic MUC5AC expression in the lesions before and after 12 and 52 weeks of ADA therapy, retrospectively. Results. Both mean CD activity index scores and serum C-reactive protein values were significantly lower after ADA therapy (P < 0.001). In the MUC5AC negative group, all cases exhibited clinical remission (CR) and endoscopic improvement at 52 weeks. In MUC5AC positive groups, loss of MUC5AC expression was detected in cases having CR and endoscopic improvement at 52 weeks, while remnant ectopic MUC5AC expression was observed in those exhibiting no endoscopic improvement and flare up after 52 weeks. Conclusions. ADA leads to CR and endoscopic improvement in biologically naïve CD cases. In addition, ectopic MUC5AC expression may be a predictive marker of flare up and endoscopic improvement in the intestines of CD patients.
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15
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Lee HJ, Ryu J, Park SH, Seo EK, Han AR, Lee SK, Kim YS, Hong JH, Seok JH, Lee CJ. Suppressive effects of coixol, glyceryl trilinoleate and natural products derived from Coix Lachryma-Jobi var. ma-yuen on gene expression, production and secretion of airway MUC5AC mucin. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:620-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Ryu J, Lee HJ, Park SH, Sikder MA, Kim JO, Hong JH, Seok JH, Lee CJ. Effect of Prunetin on TNF-α-Induced MUC5AC Mucin Gene Expression, Production, Degradation of IκB and Translocation of NF-κB p65 in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2013; 75:205-9. [PMID: 24348668 PMCID: PMC3861376 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2013.75.5.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated whether prunetin significantly affects tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced MUC5AC mucin gene expression, production, inhibitory kappa B (IκB) degradation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 translocation in human airway epithelial cells. Methods Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with prunetin for 30 minutes and then stimulated with TNF-α for 24 hours or the indicated periods. MUC5AC mucin gene expression and mucin protein production were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The effect of prunetin on TNF-α-induced degradation of IκB and translocation of NF-κB p65 was investigated by western blot analysis. Results We found that incubation of NCI-H292 cells with prunetin significantly inhibited mucin production and down-regulated the MUC5AC gene expression induced by TNF-α. Prunetin inhibited TNF-α-induced degradation of IκB and translocation of NF-κB p65. Conclusion This result suggests that prunetin inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway, which may explain its role in the inhibition of MUC5AC mucin gene expression and production regulated by the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea. ; Pulmonology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Seok
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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17
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Zhang Z, Wang J, He J, Zheng Z, Zeng X, Zhang C, Ye J, Zhang Y, Zhong N, Lu W. Genetic variants in MUC4 gene are associated with lung cancer risk in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77723. [PMID: 24204934 PMCID: PMC3804582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin MUC4, which is encoded by the MUC4 gene, plays an important role in epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Aberrant MUC4 overexpression is associated with invasive tumor proliferation and poor outcome in epithelial cancers. Collectively, the existing evidence suggests that MUC4 has tumor-promoter functions. In this study, we performed a case-control study of 1,048 incident lung cancer cases and 1,048 age- and sex frequency-matched cancer-free controls in a Chinese population to investigate the role of MUC4 gene polymorphism in lung cancer etiology. We identified nine SNPs that were significantly associated with increased lung cancer risk (P = 0.0425 for rs863582, 0.0333 for rs842226, 0.0294 for rs842225, 0.0010 for rs2550236, 0.0149 for rs2688515, 0.0191 for rs 2641773, 0.0058 for rs3096337, 0.0077 for rs859769, and 0.0059 for rs842461 in an additive model). Consistent with these single-locus analysis results, the haplotype analyses revealed an adverse effect of the haplotype “GGC” of rs3096337, rs859769, and rs842461 on lung cancer. Both the haplotype and diplotype “CTGAGC” of rs863582, rs842226, rs2550236, rs842225, and rs2688515 had an adverse effect on lung cancer, which is also consistent with the single-locus analysis. Moreover, we observed statistically significant interactions for rs863582 and rs842461 in heavy smokers. Our results suggest that MUC4 gene polymorphisms and their interaction with smoking may contribute to lung cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeguang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiansheng Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Chenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinmei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Hauser MJ, Dlugolenski D, Culhane MR, Wentworth DE, Tompkins SM, Tripp RA. Antiviral responses by Swine primary bronchoepithelial cells are limited compared to human bronchoepithelial cells following influenza virus infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70251. [PMID: 23875024 PMCID: PMC3707852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine generate reassortant influenza viruses because they can be simultaneously infected with avian and human influenza; however, the features that restrict influenza reassortment in swine and human hosts are not fully understood. Type I and III interferons (IFNs) act as the first line of defense against influenza virus infection of respiratory epithelium. To determine if human and swine have different capacities to mount an antiviral response the expression of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and normal swine bronchial epithelial (NSBE) cells was evaluated following infection with human (H3N2), swine (H1N1), and avian (H5N3, H5N2, H5N1) influenza A viruses. Expression of IFNλ and ISGs were substantially higher in NHBE cells compared to NSBE cells following H5 avian influenza virus infection compared to human or swine influenza virus infection. This effect was associated with reduced H5 avian influenza virus replication in human cells at late times post infection. Further, RIG-I expression was lower in NSBE cells compared to NHBE cells suggesting reduced virus sensing. Together, these studies identify key differences in the antiviral response between human and swine respiratory epithelium alluding to differences that may govern influenza reassortment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. Hauser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Daniel Dlugolenski
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Marie R. Culhane
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - David E. Wentworth
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - S. Mark Tompkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Sikder MA, Lee HJ, Mia MZ, Park SH, Ryu J, Kim JH, Min SY, Hong JH, Seok JH, Lee CJ. Inhibition of TNF-α-induced MUC5AC mucin gene expression and production by wogonin through the inactivation of NF-κB signaling in airway epithelial cells. Phytother Res 2013; 28:62-8. [PMID: 23463646 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether wogonin significantly affects MUC5AC mucin gene expression and production in human airway epithelial cells. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with wogonin for 30 min and then stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) for 24 h or the indicated periods. The MUC5AC mucin gene expression and mucin protein production were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. We found that incubation of NCI-H292 cells with wogonin significantly inhibited mucin production and down-regulated MUC5AC gene expression induced by TNF-α in a dose-dependent fashion. To elucidate the action mechanism of wogonin, effect of wogonin on TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling pathway was investigated by western blot analysis. Wogonin inhibited NF-κB activation induced by TNF-α. Inhibition of IKK by wogonin led to the suppression of IκB phosphorylation and degradation, p65 nuclear translocation and NF-κB-regulated gene expression. This, in turn, led to the down-regulation of MUC5AC protein production in NCI-H292 cells. Wogonin also inhibited the gene products involved in cell survival (Bcl-2) and proliferation (cyclooxygenase-2). These results suggest that wogonin inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway, which may explain its role in the inhibition of MUC5AC mucin gene expression and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asaduzzaman Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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20
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Carrier N, Kabbaj M. Testosterone and imipramine have antidepressant effects in socially isolated male but not female rats. Horm Behav 2012; 61:678-85. [PMID: 22426002 PMCID: PMC3348414 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Affective disorders are twice as likely to occur in women as they are in men suggesting a critical role for gonadal hormones in their etiology. In particular, testosterone has been shown to have protective effects in men. OBJECTIVE To investigate antidepressant effects and interactions between testosterone and imipramine in socially isolated male and female rats. METHODS A chronic social isolation model was used to induce an anxiety and depressive-like state in adult gonadectomized (Gnx) male and ovariectomized (Ovx) female rats receiving chronic testosterone and imipramine treatments. Their anxiety and depression-like behaviors were examined using the light-dark box, elevated plus maze, open field, sucrose preference and novelty induced hypophagia tests. RESULTS In socially isolated rats, the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of testosterone and imipramine were limited to male rats. Additionally, testosterone enhanced the neurogenic effect of imipramine on hippocampal cell proliferation in male rats. Although female rats exhibited signs of anxiety and depressive-like behaviors following social isolation, testosterone and/or imipramine administration had no anxiolytic or antidepressant effects in Ovx females. CONCLUSIONS Testosterone and imipramine had anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in socially isolated male, but not female rats. Testosterone enhanced the effect of imipramine on cell proliferation in the hippocampus of male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Kabbaj
- corresponding author Mohamed Kabbaj, PHD, Associate Professor, Biomedical Sciences & Neurosciences, College of Medicine, 1115 W Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, , 850-644-4930
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21
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Sadowska AM. N-Acetylcysteine mucolysis in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2012; 6:127-35. [DOI: 10.1177/1753465812437563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop an efficient therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been tested as a medication that can suppress various pathogenic processes in this disease. NAC is a thiol compound, which provides sulfhydryl groups. NAC can act as a precursor of reduced glutathione and as a direct reactive oxygen species scavenger, hence regulating the redox status in the cells. In this way NAC can interfere with several signaling pathways that play a role in regulating apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell growth and inflammatory response. Mucus hypersecretion has been reported in COPD and in other respiratory conditions. Two pathological processes have been described to play an important role in COPD, namely oxidative stress and inflammation. Both of these processes can induce mucin gene expression leading to mucin production. NAC, therefore, may influence mucin expression by acting on oxidative stress and inflammation, and play a role as a mucolytic agent. In this review we focus on the mucolysis of NAC in the management of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Sadowska
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
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22
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Jono H, Lim JH, Xu H, Li JD. PKCθ synergizes with TLR-dependent TRAF6 signaling pathway to upregulate MUC5AC mucin via CARMA1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31049. [PMID: 22303480 PMCID: PMC3267763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CARD-containing MAGUK protein 1 (CARMA1) plays a crucial role in regulating adaptive immune responses upon T-cell receptor (TCR) activation in T cells. Its role in regulating host mucosal innate immune response such as upregulation of mucin remains unknown. Here we show that CARMA1 acts as a key signaling mediator for synergistic upregulation of MUC5AC mucin by bacterium nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and phorbol ester PMA in respiratory epithelial cells. NTHi-induced TLR-dependent TRAF6-MKK3-p38 MAPK signaling pathway synergizes with PKCθ-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. CARMA1 plays a crucial role in mediating this synergistic effect via TRAF6, thereby resulting in synergistic upregulation of MUC5AC mucin. Thus our study unveils a novel role for CARMA1 in mediating host mucosal innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, and Department of Biology, Georgia State Universtity, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Haidong Xu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, and Department of Biology, Georgia State Universtity, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, and Department of Biology, Georgia State Universtity, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kim KD, Lee HJ, Lim SP, Sikder MA, Lee SY, Lee CJ. Silibinin Regulates Gene Expression, Production and Secretion of Mucin from Cultured Airway Epithelial Cells. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1301-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kil-Dong Kim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, College of Medicine; Eulji University; Daejeon Korea
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Seung Pyong Lim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Md. Asaduzzaman Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Su Yel Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
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Lee SY, Lee HJ, Sikder MA, Shin HD, Kim JH, Chang GT, Seok JH, Lee CJ. Resveratrol inhibits mucin gene expression, production and secretion from airway epithelial cells. Phytother Res 2011; 26:1082-7. [PMID: 22213337 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated whether resveratrol significantly affects mucin gene expression, production and secretion from airway epithelial cells. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with resveratrol for 30 min and then stimulated with EGF (epidermal growth factor), PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) for 24 h, respectively. The MUC5AC gene expression and mucin protein production were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. The effect of resveratrol on TNF-α- or PMA-induced activation of NF-κB p65 was also examined. Confluent primary rat tracheal surface epithelial (RTSE) cells were pretreated with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for 5 min and then treated for 30 min in the presence of resveratrol to assess the effect on mucin secretion using ELISA. The results were as follows: (1) resveratrol inhibited the expression of MUC5AC gene induced by EGF or PMA or TNF-α from NCI-H292 cells; (2) resveratrol also inhibited the production of MUC5AC mucin protein induced by the same inducers from NCI-H292 cells; (3) resveratrol inhibited the activation of NF-κB p65 by TNF-α or PMA in NCI-H292 cells; (4) resveratrol significantly decreased ATP-induced mucin secretion from cultured RTSE cells. This result suggests that resveratrol can regulate mucin gene expression, production and secretion, by directly acting on airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yel Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Prakash R, Bharathi Raja S, Devaraj H, Devaraj SN. Up-regulation of MUC2 and IL-1β expression in human colonic epithelial cells by Shigella and its interaction with mucins. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27046. [PMID: 22073249 PMCID: PMC3208570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The entire gastrointestinal tract is protected by a mucous layer, which contains complex glycoproteins called mucins. MUC2 is one such mucin that protects the colonic mucosa from invading microbes. The initial interaction between microbes and mucins is an important step for microbial pathogenesis. Hence, it was of interest to investigate the relationship between host (mucin) and pathogen interaction, including Shigella induced expression of MUC2 and IL-1β during shigellosis. METHODS The mucin-Shigella interaction was revealed by an in vitro mucin-binding assay. Invasion of Shigella dysenteriae into HT-29 cells was analyzed by Transmission electron microscopy. Shigella induced mucin and IL-1β expression were analyzed by RT-PCR and Immunofluorescence. RESULTS The clinical isolates of Shigella were found to be virulent by a congo-red binding assay. The in vitro mucin-binding assay revealed both Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri have binding affinity in the increasing order of: guinea pig small intestinal mucin CONCLUSIONS Our study concludes that the Shigella species specifically binds to guinea pig colonic mucin, but not to guinea pig small intestinal mucin. The guinea pig colonic mucin showed a greater binding parameter (R), and more saturable binding, suggesting the presence of a finite number of receptor binding sites in the colonic mucin of the host. In addition, modification of mucins with TFMS and sodium metaperiodate significantly reduced mucin-bacterial binding; suggesting that the mucin-Shigella interaction occurs through carbohydrate epitopes on the mucin backbones. Overproduction of MUC2 may alter adherence and invasion of Shigella dysenteriae into human colonic epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Halagowder Devaraj
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Kanoh S, Tanabe T, Rubin BK. IL-13-induced MUC5AC production and goblet cell differentiation is steroid resistant in human airway cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1747-56. [PMID: 22092504 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticosteroids (GCS) are used to treat bronchial asthma, but are not uniformly effective, especially in severe asthma. IL-13 is a T helper type 2 cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, and IL-13 induces mucus production and goblet cell hyperplasia in airway epithelial cells. The effect of GCS on IL-13-induced mucin production is not well characterized. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone (Dex), a potent synthetic GCS, on IL-13-induced MUC5AC mucin expression and goblet cell proliferation in differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBECs). METHODS NHBECs were cultured for 14 days at an air-liquid interface with IL-13, with or without Dex. MUC5AC protein secretion and mRNA expression was determined using ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR. IL-8 production was assayed using ELISA. Histochemical analysis was performed using H&E and periodic acid-Schiff stain, and MUC5AC immunostaining. RESULTS Although Dex dose dependently inhibited IL-8 release induced by 5 ng/mL IL-13, Dex 0.001-1 μg/mL had no effect on IL-13 induced MUC5AC protein secretion or mRNA expression. Dex paradoxically increased MUC5AC induced by IL-13 at 0.5 and 1 ng/mL, but had no effect alone or with IL-13 at 0.1 ng/mL. Dex 0.001-1 μg/mL did not inhibit the differentiation of cells into goblet cells and MUC5AC-positive cells induced by IL-13. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dex at therapeutic concentrations did not inhibit the effects of IL-13 on goblet cell differentiation, characteristic of severe asthma. Paradoxically, MUC5AC production was increased with lower dose IL-13 exposure. This may lead to airway mucus obstruction commonly seen in life-threatening asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kanoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Sikder MA, Lee HJ, Lee SY, Bae HS, Kim JH, Chang GT, Lee CJ. Effect of Berberine on MUC5AC Mucin Gene Expression and Mucin Production from Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2011.19.3.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Alenmyr L, Herrmann A, Högestätt ED, Greiff L, Zygmunt PM. TRPV1 and TRPA1 stimulation induces MUC5B secretion in the human nasal airway in vivo. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2011; 31:435-44. [PMID: 21981454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2011.01039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Nasal transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) stimulation with capsaicin produces serous and mucinous secretion in the human nasal airway. The primary aim of this study was to examine topical effects of various TRP ion channel agonists on symptoms and secretion of specific mucins: mucin 5 subtype AC (MUC5AC) and B (MUC5B). METHODS Healthy individuals were subjected to nasal challenges with TRPV1 agonists (capsaicin, olvanil and anandamide), TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) agonists (cinnamaldehyde and mustard oil) and a TRP melastatin 8 (TRPM8) agonist (menthol). Symptoms were monitored, and nasal lavages were analysed for MUC5AC and MUC5B, i.e. specific mucins associated with airway diseases. In separate groups of healthy subjects, nasal biopsies and brush samples were analysed for TRPV1 and MUC5B, using immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. Finally, calcium responses and ciliary beat frequency were measured on isolated ciliated epithelial cells. RESULTS All TRP agonists induced nasal pain or smart. Capsaicin, olvanil and mustard oil also produced rhinorrhea. Lavage fluids obtained after challenge with capsaicin and mustard oil indicated increased levels of MUC5B, whereas MUC5AC was unaffected. MUC5B and TRPV1 immunoreactivities were primarily localized to submucosal glands and peptidergic nerve fibres, respectively. Although trpv1 transcripts were detected in nasal brush samples, functional responses to capsaicin could not be induced in isolated ciliated epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Agonists of TRPV1 and TRPA1 induced MUC5B release in the human nasal airways in vivo. These findings may be of relevance with regard to the regulation of mucin production under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Alenmyr
- Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University
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Lee SY, Lee HJ, Lee JW, Jeon BK, Kim JO, Lee CJ. Effects of Curcumin and Genistein on Phorbol Ester or Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Mucin Production from Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2011.70.3.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Su Yel Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Byeong Kyou Jeon
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Kim
- Pulmonology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Lee HJ, Lee SY, Jeon BK, Lee JW, Lee MN, Kim JO, Lee CJ. Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-induced Airway Mucin Production and Gene Expression by Carbenoxolone, Prunetin, and Silibinin. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2010. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2010.69.5.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Su Yel Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byeong Kyou Jeon
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Mi Nam Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Kim
- Pulmonology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Interferon-gamma in suppurative otitis media: significance of otorrhoea type and disease outcome. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2009; 123:1103-7. [PMID: 19640314 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215109990600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-gamma has been reported to have an immunoregulatory role in otitis media with effusion. However, such a role remains to be determined in acute suppurative otitis media. AIM To determine the levels of interferon-gamma in middle-ear secretion in children with acute suppurative otitis media, and to determine the significance of interferon-gamma to the nature of otorrhoea and the outcome of otitis media. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Prospective, longitudinal follow up of patients selected from community and tertiary health centres. METHODS We selected children with acute suppurative otitis media, diagnosed as otorrhoea of less than three months' duration. Middle-ear secretions were collected by pipetting and stored at -80 degrees C. Interferon-gamma was assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients were treated and followed up for nine to 12 months, to separate those with resolved acute suppurative otitis media from those with chronic suppurative otitis media. RESULT The study initially included 358 cases of acute suppurative otitis media. Nine-month follow up was achieved in 304 patients (85 percent). Of these patients, acute suppurative otitis media resolved in 187 (61 percent), while chronic suppurative otitis media was evident in 117 (39 percent). The children with completed follow up comprised 173 boys and 131 girls, aged between four months and nine years (mean age 6.6 years; standard deviation 1.32). These children had purulent otorrhoea in 171 cases (56 percent) and mucoid otorrhoea in 133 cases (44 percent). The children's middle-ear secretion interferon-gamma concentrations ranged from 12 to 126 pg/ml. The mean middle-ear secretion interferon-gamma concentration was 27.2 pg/ml (standard deviation 8.8) in patients whose acute suppurative otitis media resolved, and 73.1 pg/ml (standard deviation 9.5) in those progressing to chronic suppurative otitis media. In children with purulent otitis media, the mean middle-ear secretion interferon-gamma concentration was 43.5 pg/ml (standard deviation 15.6); in those with mucoid otitis media, it was 74.3 pg/ml (standard deviation 19.1). Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in middle-ear secretion interferon-gamma concentration, comparing resolved acute suppurative otitis media and chronic suppurative otitis media cases (p = 0.00), and comparing purulent and mucoid otitis media cases (p = 0.00). Pearson correlation testing revealed significant inverse correlation between interferon-gamma concentration and middle-ear secretion immunoglobulin G concentration (p = 0.01), immunoglobulin E concentration (p = 0.03) and immunoglobulin A concentration (p = 0.00). CONCLUSION A high concentration of interferon-gamma in middle-ear secretions promotes chronicity of suppurative otitis media. Further research in this area may lead to the development of agents which assist the control of suppurative otitis media chronicity.
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Abstract
Normal airway mucus lines the epithelial surface and provides an important innate immune function by detoxifying noxious molecules and by trapping and removing pathogens and particulates from the airway via mucociliary clearance. The major macromolecular constituents of normal mucus, the mucin glycoproteins, are large, heavily glycosylated proteins with a defining feature of tandemly repeating sequences of amino acids rich in serine and threonine, the linkage sites for large carbohydrate structures. The mucins are composed of two major families: secreted mucins and membrane-associated mucins. Membrane-associated mucins have been reported to function as cell surface receptors for pathogens and to activate intracellular signaling pathways. The biochemical and cellular functions for secreted mucin glycoproteins have not been definitively assigned. In contrast to normal mucus, sputum production is the hallmark of chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis (CF). Sputum has altered macromolecular composition and biophysical properties which vary with disease, but unifying features are failure of mucociliary clearance, resulting in airway obstruction, and failure of innate immune properties. Mucin glycoprotein overproduction and hypersecretion are common features of chronic inflammatory airway disease, and this has been the underlying rationale to investigate the mechanisms of mucin gene regulation and mucin secretion. However, in some pathologic conditions such as CF, airway sputum contains little intact mucin and has increased content of several macromolecules including DNA, filamentous actin, lipids, and proteoglycans. This review will highlight the most recent insights on mucus biology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Voynow
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham.
| | - Bruce K Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Busch L, Miozza V, Sterin-Borda L, Borda E. Increased leukotriene concentration in submandibular glands from rats with experimental periodontitis. Inflamm Res 2009; 58:423-30. [PMID: 19347252 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN In the present study, we investigated the relation between the inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and cysteinyl-leukotrienes with mucin release and the sympathetic system in submandibular glands from rats with experimental periodontitis. MATERIALS OR SUBJECTS Submandibular glands from rats with experimental periodontitis. TREATMENT For the first experiment, rats were treated with hydrocortisone sc, 1 mg/kg for 3 days. All other experiments were carried out in isolated submandibular glands from untreated rats. Submandibular glands were treated with cysteinyl-leukotrienes, isoproterenol, NDGA, FPL 55712, L-NMMA, Nio, Nz, AMG, indomethacin, DuP 697 and atenolol. METHODS Nitric oxide synthase activity, prostaglandin and cysteinyl-leukotriene productions and mucin secretion were determined. The Newman-Keuls statistical test was applied after analysis of variance. RESULTS In rats with periodontitis hydrocortisone-induced a 36.6% (P < 0.05) decrease in mucin release. Only cysteinyl-leukotriene production was increased in rats with ligature (79.2%, P < 0.001). Either the inhibition of cysteinyl-leukotriene production or the block of leukotriene receptor abolished the increase in mucin secretion by 25.6% (P < 0.05) and 37% (P < 0.01), respectively, in glands from rats with ligature. On the other hand, the presence of cysteinyl-leukotrienes in the incubation medium induced mucin release from submandibular glands. Atenolol diminished by 24% (P < 0.05), the increase in cysteinyl-leukotrienes observed in rats with periodontitis. Besides, isoproterenol induced cysteinyl-leukotriene production in both groups. CONCLUSION In submandibular glands from rats with periodontitis, the increment in mucin release and cysteinyl-leukotrienes production are related events and both are associated with the sympathetic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Busch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of otitis media and sequelae. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 1:117-38. [PMID: 19434244 PMCID: PMC2671742 DOI: 10.3342/ceo.2008.1.3.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Accepted: 09/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review deals with the characteristics of various inflammatory mediators identified in the middle ear during otitis media and in cholesteatoma. The role of each inflammatory mediator in the pathogenesis of otitis media and cholesteatoma has been discussed. Further, the relation of each inflammatory mediator to the pathophysiology of the middle and inner ear along with its mechanisms of pathological change has been described. The mechanisms of hearing loss including sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) as a sequela of otitis media are also discussed. The passage of inflammatory mediators through the round window membrane into the scala tympani is indicated. In an experimental animal model, an application of cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial toxin, on the round window membrane induced sensorineural hearing loss as identified through auditory brainstem response threshold shifts. An increase in permeability of the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) was observed following application of these inflammatory mediators and LPS. The leakage of the blood components into the lateral wall of the cochlea through an increase in BLB permeability appears to be related to the sensorineural hearing loss by hindering K+ recycling through the lateral wall disrupting the ion homeostasis of the endolymph. Further studies on the roles of various inflammatory mediators and bacterial toxins in inducing the sensorineumral hearing loss in otitis media should be pursued.
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Abstract
The guinea pig has been the most commonly used small animal species in preclinical studies related to asthma and COPD. The primary advantages of the guinea pig are the similar potencies and efficacies of agonists and antagonists in human and guinea pig airways and the many similarities in physiological processes, especially airway autonomic control and the response to allergen. The primary disadvantages to using guinea pigs are the lack of transgenic methods, limited numbers of guinea pig strains for comparative studies and a prominent axon reflex that is unlikely to be present in human airways. These attributes and various models developed in guinea pigs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Canning
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Chapter 11 Oxidant Stress and Airway Epithelial Function. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(08)00211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abdullah LH, Davis CW. Regulation of airway goblet cell mucin secretion by tyrosine phosphorylation signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 293:L591-9. [PMID: 17616647 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00150.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus hyperproduction in pulmonary obstructive diseases results from increased goblet cell numbers and possibly increased cellular mucin synthesis, occurring in response to inflammatory mediators acting via receptor tyrosine kinases (RYK) and tyrosine phosphorylation (Y-Pi) signaling pathways. Yet, increased mucin synthesis does not lead necessarily to increased secretion, as mucins are stored in secretory granules and secreted in response to extracellular signals, commonly assumed to be mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We asked whether activation 1) of Y-Pi signaling pathways, in principal, and 2) of the novel PKC isoform, nPKCdelta, by Y-Pi, specifically, might lead to regulated mucin secretion. nPKCdelta in SPOC1 cells was tyrosine phosphorylated by exposure to purinergic agonist (ATPgammaS) or PMA, actions that were blocked by the Src kinase inhibitor, PP1. Mucin secretion, however, was not affected by PP1. Hence, activation of nPKCdelta by Y-Pi is unlikely to participate in GPCR-related mucin secretion. Mucin secretion from both SPOC1 and normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells was stimulated by generalized protein Y-Pi induced by the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, pervanadate (PV). PV-induced SPOC1 cell mucin secretion was not affected by inhibition of Src kinases (genistein or PP1), or of PI3 kinase (LY-294002). MAP kinase pathway inhibitors, RAF1 kinase inhibitor-I and U0126 (MEK), inhibited SPOC1 cell PV-induced secretion by approximately 50%. Significantly, the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, U-73122, essentially abolished PV- and ATPgammaS-induced mucin secretion from both SPOC1 and NHBE cells. Hence, PLC signaling may play a key role in regulated mucin secretion, whether the event is initiated by mediators interacting with GPCRs or RYKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna H Abdullah
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Song JS, Kang CM, Yoo MB, Kim SJ, Yoon HK, Kim YK, Kim KH, Moon HS, Park SH. Nitric oxide induces MUC5AC mucin in respiratory epithelial cells through PKC and ERK dependent pathways. Respir Res 2007; 8:28. [PMID: 17391532 PMCID: PMC1847818 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-8-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide (NO) is generally increased during inflammatory airway diseases. This increased NO stimulates the secretion of mucin from the goblet cell and submucosal glands but the mechanism is still unknown precisely. In this study, we investigated potential signaling pathways involving protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the NO-induced MUC5AC mucin gene and protein expression in A549 cells. Methods Nitric oxide was donated to the A549 cells by NOR-1. MUC5AC mucin levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MUC5AC promoter activity was determined by measuring luciferase activity after the lysing the transfected cells. Activation of PKC isoforms were measured by assessing the distribution of the enzyme between cytosolic and membrane fractions using immunoblotting. Immunoblotting experiments using a monoclonal antibody specific to PKC isoforms were performed in the cytosol and membrane fractions from A549 cells. Western blot analysis for pERK and p38 were performed using the corresponding antibodies from the cell lysates after donating NO to the A549 cells by NOR-1. Results The transcriptional activity of MUC5AC promoter was maximal at the concentration of 0.1 mM NOR-1 for 1 hour incubation in transfected A549 cells. (±)-(E)-methyl-2-((E)-hydroxyimino)-5-nitro-6-methoxy-3-hexenamide (NOR-1) markedly displaced the protein kinase C (PKC)α and PKCδ from the cytosol to the membrane. Furthermore, the PKC-α,βinhibitors, GÖ6976 (10 nM) and PKCδ inhibitors, rottlerin (4 μM) inhibited the NOR-1 induced migration of PKCα and PKCδ respectively. NOR-1 also markedly increased the MUC5AC promoter activity and mRNA expression, mucin synthesis and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The PKC inhibitors also inhibited the NOR-1 induced MUC5AC mRNA and MUC5AC protein synthesis by inhibiting the activation of PKCα and PKCδ with ERK1/2 pathways. Conclusion Exogenous NO induced the MUC5AC mucin gene and protein through the PKCα and PKCδ – ERK pathways in A549 cells. Inhibition of PKC attenuated NO-mediated MUC5AC mucin synthesis. In view of this findings, PKC inhibitors might be useful in the treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis patients where NO and mucus are increased in the bronchial airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Sup Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, ST Mary's hospital, Catholic University Medical College. #62, Yeoi-Do Dong, Young Dung Po Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Mi Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, ST Mary's hospital, Catholic University Medical College. #62, Yeoi-Do Dong, Young Dung Po Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Bin Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, ST Mary's hospital, Catholic University Medical College. #62, Yeoi-Do Dong, Young Dung Po Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, ST Mary's hospital, Catholic University Medical College. #62, Yeoi-Do Dong, Young Dung Po Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Kyu Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, ST Mary's hospital, Catholic University Medical College. #62, Yeoi-Do Dong, Young Dung Po Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, ST Mary's hospital, Catholic University Medical College. #62, Yeoi-Do Dong, Young Dung Po Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, ST Mary's hospital, Catholic University Medical College. #62, Yeoi-Do Dong, Young Dung Po Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa Sik Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, ST Mary's hospital, Catholic University Medical College. #62, Yeoi-Do Dong, Young Dung Po Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, ST Mary's hospital, Catholic University Medical College. #62, Yeoi-Do Dong, Young Dung Po Gu, Seoul, Korea
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Davies AL, Hayes KC, Shi R. Recombinant human TNFalpha induces concentration-dependent and reversible alterations in the electrophysiological properties of axons in mammalian spinal cord. J Neurotrauma 2006; 23:1261-73. [PMID: 16928184 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2006.23.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and its soluble receptors is evident within the central nervous system (CNS) following traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. TNFalpha is integral to the acute inflammatory cascade that follows neurotrauma and has been shown to have both beneficial and detrimental properties. We examined the effects of varying concentrations (1-5000 ng/mL) of recombinant human TNFalpha (rhTNFalpha) on select electrophysiological properties of excised guinea pig spinal cord tissue. Pulsed electrical stimuli (0.33 Hz) were delivered to strips of isolated ventral white matter in a double sucrose gap chamber. Recordings were made of the compound action potential (CAP) and membrane potential before, during, and after bathing the tissue with rhTNFalpha for 30 min. Increasing concentrations of rhTNFalpha yielded progressively greater reductions in amplitude of the CAP that were temporally associated with depolarization of the resting compound membrane potential. These effects were largely reversed on washout of rhTNFalpha and were not present when heat-denatured rhTNFalpha was introduced. The results provide evidence that elevated concentrations of TNFalpha induce reversible depolarization of the compound membrane potential and reduction in CAP amplitude, sometimes to the point of extinction of the CAP, suggestive of impaired axonal conduction. These observations point to a new mechanism of immune-mediated central conduction deficit. Cytokine-induced alterations in membrane properties and axonal conduction may contribute to neurological deficits following CNS injury by compounding trauma-induced myelinopathy and axonopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Davies
- Neuroscience Program, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Kerschner JE, Yang C, Burrows A, Cioffi JA. Signaling pathways in interleukin-1beta-mediated middle ear mucin secretion. Laryngoscope 2006; 116:207-11. [PMID: 16467705 DOI: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000191467.63650.9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to investigate the role of the phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC), protein kinase C (PKC), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathways during upregulation of mucin secretion by middle ear epithelium after exposure to interleukin-1beta and to examine the ability of a specific interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1betara) to block this increased secretion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary chinchilla middle ear epithelial cultures were established and exposed to IL-1beta. Specific inhibitors of calmodulin, PC-PLC, PKC, and NOS pathways were used to investigate the potential role of these pathways leading to increased epithelial mucin secretion after exposure to IL-1beta. Mucin secretion was characterized by exclusion chromatography and liquid scintillation. RESULTS Epithelial cultures exposed to IL-1beta demonstrate an increase in mucin secretion that is blocked by specific inhibitors of PC-PLC, PKC, and NOS, but not by inhibitors of calmodulin. In addition, mucin secretion stimulated by IL-1beta was reversible with use of a specific IL-1betara. CONCLUSIONS IL-1beta stimulates mucin secretion from middle ear epithelium and its effects can be reversed by IL-1betara. PC-PLC, PKC, and NOS pathways play a role in the increased secretion of mucin in middle ear epithelial cells after exposure to IL-1beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Kerschner
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology and the Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Chorley BN, Crews AL, Li Y, Adler KB, Minnicozzi M, Martin LD. Differential Muc2 and Muc5ac secretion by stimulated guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells in vitro. Respir Res 2006; 7:35. [PMID: 16504136 PMCID: PMC1484480 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 02/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucus overproduction is a characteristic of inflammatory pulmonary diseases including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. Expression of two mucin genes, MUC2 and MUC5AC, and their protein products (mucins), is modulated in certain disease states. Understanding the signaling mechanisms that regulate the production and secretion of these major mucus components may contribute significantly to development of effective therapies to modify their expression in inflamed airways. METHODS To study the differential expression of Muc2 and Muc5ac, a novel monoclonal antibody recognizing guinea pig Muc2 and a commercially-available antibody against human MUC5AC were optimized for recognition of specific guinea pig mucins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). These antibodies were then used to analyze expression of Muc2 and another mucin subtype (likely Muc5ac) in guinea pig tracheal epithelial (GPTE) cells stimulated with a mixture of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), and interferon- gamma (IFN-gamma)]. RESULTS The anti-Muc2 (C4) and anti-MUC5AC (45M1) monoclonal antibodies specifically recognized proteins located in Muc2-dominant small intestinal and Muc5ac-dominant stomach mucosae, respectively, in both Western and ELISA experimental protocols. IHC protocols confirmed that C4 recognizes murine small intestine mucosal proteins while 45M1 does not react. C4 and 45M1 also stained specific epithelial cells in guinea pig lung sections. In the resting state, Muc2 was recognized as a highly expressed intracellular mucin in GPTE cells in vitro. Following cytokine exposure, secretion of Muc2, but not the mucin recognized by the 45M1 antibody (likely Muc5ac), was increased from the GPTE cells, with a concomitant increase in intracellular expression of both mucins. CONCLUSION Given the tissue specificity in IHC and the differential hybridization to high molecular weight proteins by Western blot, we conclude that the antibodies used in this study can recognize specific mucin subtypes in guinea pig airway epithelium and in proteins from GPTE cells. In addition, Muc2 is highly expressed constitutively, modulated by inflammation, and secreted differentially (as compared to Muc5ac) in GPTE cells. This finding contrasts with expression patterns in the airway epithelium of a variety of mammalian species in which only Muc5ac predominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Chorley
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Anne L Crews
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yuehua Li
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth B Adler
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Linda D Martin
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Krunkosky TM, Jarrett CL. Selective regulation of MAP kinases and chemokine expression after ligation of ICAM-1 on human airway epithelial cells. Respir Res 2006; 7:12. [PMID: 16430772 PMCID: PMC1386665 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is an immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule expressed on the surface of multiple cell types, including airway epithelial cells. It has been documented that cross-linking ICAM-1 on the surface of leukocytes results in changes in cellular function through outside-inside signaling; however, the effect of cross-linking ICAM-1 on the surface of airway epithelial cells is currently unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate whether or not cross-linking ICAM-1 on the surface of airway epithelial cells phosphorylated MAP kinases or stimulated chemokine expression and secretion. METHODS The human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells and primary cultures of normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were used in these studies. To increase ICAM-1 surface expression, cultures were stimulated with TNFalpha to enhance ICAM-1 surface expression. Following ICAM-1 upregulation, ICAM-1 was ligated with a murine anti-human ICAM-1 antibody and subsequently cross-linked with a secondary antibody (anti-mouse IgG(ab')2) in the presence or absence of the MAP kinase inhibitors. Following treatments, cultures were assessed for MAPK activation and chemokine gene expression and secretion. Control cultures were treated with murine IgG1 antibody or murine IgG1 antibody and anti-mouse IgG(ab')2 to illustrate specificity. Data were analyzed for significance using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post-test correction for multiple comparisons, and relative gene expression was analyzed using the 2-DeltaDeltaCT method. RESULTS ICAM-1 cross-linking selectively phosphorylated both ERK and JNK MAP kinases as detected by western blot analysis. In addition, cross-linking resulted in differential regulation of chemokine expression. Specifically, IL-8 mRNA and protein secretion was not altered by ICAM-1 cross-linking, in contrast, RANTES mRNA and protein secretion was induced in both epithelial cultures. These events were specifically inhibited by the ERK inhibitor PD98059. Data indicates that ICAM-1 cross-linking stimulates a synergistic increase in TNFalpha-mediated RANTES production involving activation of ERK in airway epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Results demonstrate that cytokine induced ICAM-1 on the surface of airway epithelial cells induce outside-inside signaling through cross-linking ICAM-1, selectively altering intracellular pathways and cytokine production. These results suggest that ICAM-1 cross-linking can contribute to inflammation in the lung via production of the chemokine RANTES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Krunkosky
- Department of Anatomy & Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Carla L Jarrett
- Department of Anatomy & Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Park JA, He F, Martin LD, Li Y, Chorley BN, Adler KB. Human neutrophil elastase induces hypersecretion of mucin from well-differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro via a protein kinase C{delta}-mediated mechanism. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 167:651-61. [PMID: 16127146 PMCID: PMC1698727 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence of mucus obstruction and neutrophil-predominant inflammation in several lung disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, suggests a relationship between neutrophils and excess mucus production. Mechanisms of human neutrophil elastase (HNE)-induced mucin secretion by well-differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells maintained in air/liquid interface culture were investigated. HNE increased mucin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, with maximal stimulation (more than twofold) occurring within a short (15 minutes) time period. Mucins MUC 5 AC and MUC 5 B, but not MUC 2, were released in response to HNE. Stimulation of mucin secretion required partial elastase enzymatic activity and did not appear to involve a soluble product released by the cells. HNE-stimulated secretion involved activation of protein kinase C (PKC), as HNE exposure rapidly provoked PKC enzymatic activity that was attenuated by the general PKC inhibitors calphostin C and bisindoylmaleimide I. Of the different isoforms, PKCalpha, delta, zeta, lambda, iota, and epsilon were constitutively expressed in NHBE cells while PKCbeta, eta, and mu were PMA-inducible. PKCdelta was the only isoform to translocate from cytoplasm to membrane in response to HNE. Inhibition of PKCdelta attenuated HNE-mediated mucin secretion. The results suggest HNE stimulation of mucin release by human airway epithelial cells involves intracellular activation of PKC, specifically the delta isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606
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Fischer BM, Cuellar JG, Byrd AS, Rice AB, Bonner JC, Martin LD, Voynow JA. ErbB2 activity is required for airway epithelial repair following neutrophil elastase exposure. FASEB J 2005; 19:1374-6. [PMID: 15923396 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-2675fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis, airways are chronically injured by exposure to neutrophil elastase (NE). We sought to identify factors required for epithelial repair following NE exposure. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with NE (50 nM, 22 h) or control vehicle. Following NE treatment, we found a marked and sustained decrease in epithelial proliferation as detected by Ki67 immunostaining. 3H-thymidine incorporation was also initially depressed but increased over 72 h in NE-treated cells, which suggests that DNA synthesis constitutes an early repair process following NE exposure. We hypothesized that ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase, a regulator of cancer cell proliferation, was required for epithelial DNA synthesis following NE exposure. Immediately following NE treatment, by flow cytometry analysis, we found a decrease in ErbB2 surface expression. Protein levels of the full-length 185 kD ErbB2 receptor significantly decreased following NE treatment and smaller ErbB2-positive bands, ranging in size from 23 to 40 kD, appeared, which suggests that NE caused ErbB2 degradation. By real-time RT-PCR analysis, we found no change in ErbB2 mRNA expression following NE treatment, which suggests that changes in ErbB2 protein levels were regulated at the post-translational level. Following NE treatment, full-length 185 kD ErbB2 levels increased to pretreatment levels, correlating with the increase in thymidine incorporation during the same time period. Importantly, inhibition of ErbB2 activity with AG825 (5 microM) or Herceptin (3.1 microM), an ErbB2-neutralizing antibody, blocked thymidine incorporation only in NE-treated cells. These results suggest ErbB2 is a critical factor for epithelial recovery following NE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard M Fischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Ahn DH, Crawley SC, Hokari R, Kato S, Yang SC, Li JD, Kim YS. TNF-alpha activates MUC2 transcription via NF-kappaB but inhibits via JNK activation. Cell Physiol Biochem 2005; 15:29-40. [PMID: 15665513 DOI: 10.1159/000083636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms responsible for TNF-alpha-mediated MUC2 intestinal mucin up-regulation in HM3 colon adenocarcinoma cells were analyzed using promoter-reporter assays of the 5'-flanking region of the MUC2 gene. Chemical inhibitors, mutant reporter constructs, and EMSA confirmed I-kappaB/NF-kappaB pathway involvement. Wortmannin, LY294002 and dominant negative Akt, as well as dominant negative NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) inhibited MUC2 reporter transcription, indicating that both phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway and NIK pathways mediate the effects of TNF-alpha. Wortmannin inhibited NF-kappaB binding and transcriptional activity without inhibiting NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus, indicating that PI3K/Akt signaling activates NF-kappaB transcriptional activity directly. Our results demonstrate that TNF-alpha up-regulates MUC2 in human colon epithelial cells via several signaling pathways, involving both NIK and PI3K/Akt, which converge at the common IKK/I-kappaB/NF-kappaB pathway. TNF-alpha activated JNK, but JNK inhibitor SP600125 and dominant negative cJun consistently activated transcription, revealing a negative role for this signaling pathway. Thus TNF-alpha causes a net up-regulation of MUC2 gene expression in cultured colon cancer cells because NF-kappaB transcriptional activation of this gene is able to counter-balance the suppressive effects of the JNK pathway. However, the existence of this inhibitory JNK pathways suggests a mechanism whereby--in the absence of NF-kappaB activation--TNF-alpha production during inflammation in vivo could actually inhibit MUC2 production, giving rise to the defective mucosal protection which characterizes inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-ho Ahn
- Gastrointestinal Research Laboratory, Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
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Lu W, Lillehoj EP, Kim KC. Effects of dexamethasone on Muc5ac mucin production by primary airway goblet cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 288:L52-60. [PMID: 15361359 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00104.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion associated with airway inflammation is reduced by glucocorticoids. Two mechanisms of glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of mucus production have been proposed, direct inhibition of mucus production by airway epithelial cells and indirectly through inhibition of proinflammatory mediators that stimulate mucus production. In this study, we examined the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on mRNA expression and synthesis of MUC5AC by A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells as well as Muc5ac and total high-molecular-weight (HMW) mucins by primary rat tracheal surface epithelial (RTSE) cells. Our results showed that in primary RTSE cells, DEX 1) dose dependently suppressed Muc5ac mRNA levels, but the levels of cellular Muc5ac protein and HMW mucins were unaffected; 2) did not affect constitutive or UTP-stimulated mucin secretion; 3) enhanced the translation of Muc5ac; and 4) increased the stability of intracellular Muc5ac protein by a mechanism other than the inhibition of the proteasomal degradation. In A549 cells, however, DEX suppressed both MUC5AC mRNA levels and MUC5AC protein secretion in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that whereas DEX inhibits the levels of Muc5ac mRNA in primary RTSE cells, the levels of Muc5ac protein remain unchanged as a consequence of increases in both translation and protein stability. Interestingly, some of the effects of DEX were opposite in a cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Lu
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Subbaramaiah K, Yoshimatsu K, Scherl E, Das KM, Glazier KD, Golijanin D, Soslow RA, Tanabe T, Naraba H, Dannenberg AJ. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 is overexpressed in inflammatory bowel disease. Evidence for involvement of the transcription factor Egr-1. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:12647-58. [PMID: 14722058 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312972200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) catalyzes the conversion of cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandin (PG) H(2) to PGE(2). Increased amounts of mPGES-1 were detected in inflamed intestinal mucosa from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha stimulated mPGES-1 transcription in human colonocytes, resulting in increased amounts of mPGES-1 mRNA and protein. The inductive effect of TNF-alpha localized to the GC box region of the mPGES-1 promoter. Binding of Egr-1 to the GC box region of the mPGES-1 promoter was enhanced by treatment with TNF-alpha. Notably, increased Egr-1 expression and binding activity were also detected in inflamed mucosa from IBD patients. Treatment with TNF-alpha induced the activities of phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase C (PC-PLC) and protein kinase (PK) C and enhanced NO production. A pharmacological approach was used to implicate PC-PLC --> PKC --> NO signaling as being important for the induction of mPGES-1 by TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha also enhanced guanylate cyclase activity and inhibitors of guanylate cyclase activity blocked the induction of mPGES-1 by TNF-alpha. YC-1, an activator of guanylate cyclase, induced mPGES-1. Overexpressing a dominant negative form of PKG blocked TNF-alpha-mediated stimulation of the mPGES-1 promoter. Taken together, these results suggest that overexpression of mPGES-1 in IBD is the result of Egr-1-mediated activation of transcription. Moreover, TNF-alpha induced mPGES-1 by stimulating PC-PLC --> PKC --> NO --> cGMP --> PKG signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotha Subbaramaiah
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and Strang Cancer Prevention Center, 1300 York Avenue, Room F-203A, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Zaidi S, Musarrat J. Characterization and nickel sorption kinetics of a new metal hyper-accumulator Bacillus sp. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2004; 39:681-691. [PMID: 15055934 DOI: 10.1081/ese-120027734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal-resistant bacterial strain SJ-101 has been isolated from fly ash contaminated soil. Based on the morphological and biochemical characteristics, the isolate SJ-101 was presumptively identified as Bacillus sp. The adsorption isotherms revealed the absolute adsorption capacity (Q degrees) of 244 mg Ni g(-1) dry cell mass vis-à-vis 161 mg Ni g(-1) synthetic resin (Amberlite IR-120). The higher relative adsorption capacity (K(F)) of 7.37, and the intensity of adsorption (1/n) of 0.58 with dry cell biomass suggested higher affinity of Bacillus cells towards nickel ions. The data conform to the Langmuir adsorption model relatively better than the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters indicated the feasibility, endothermic, and interactive nature of nickel adsorption process on the cell surface. Higher Ni tolerance and sorption capacity of Bacillus sp. SJ-101, explicitly signifies its implications in Ni bioremediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Zaidi
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Krunkosky TM, Martin LD, Fischer BM, Voynow JA, Adler KB. Effects of TNFalpha on expression of ICAM-1 in human airway epithelial cells in vitro: oxidant-mediated pathways and transcription factors. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 35:1158-67. [PMID: 14572618 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that two different cell-permeable antioxidants, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and dimethylthiourea (DMTU), inhibit TNFalpha-induced ICAM-1 surface and gene expression in primary cultures of differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. In addition, TNFalpha stimulates binding of nuclear proteins to the nuclear factor kappa beta (NFkappaB) and the CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) consensus sites in the ICAM-1 promoter in these cells. Because these transcription factors have been suggested to be oxidant-sensitive and important in ICAM-1 expression, the potential involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the response to TNFalpha was investigated. Interestingly, neither PDTC nor DMTU altered binding of NFkappaB complexes. In contrast, either the proteasome inhibitor carbobenzoxy-L-leucy-L-leucy-L-leucinal (MG 132) or the IkappaBalpha inhibitor BAY 11-7082 ablated TNFalpha-induced ICAM-1 gene expression and MG132 inhibited TNFalpha-induced NFkappaB complexes. Surprisingly, either PDTC or DMTU inhibited the binding of TNFalpha-enhanced C/EBP complexes to the consensus site directly adjacent to the NFkappaB site. These results suggest that although TNFalpha enhances binding of C/EBP and NFkappaB complexes in NHBE cells, C/EBP binding seems to involve an oxidant-dependent mechanism, whereas activation of NFkappaB complexes utilizes the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, a mechanism that seems to be unaltered by the presence of antioxidants. Because interference with either signaling pathway abrogates TNFalpha-induced ICAM-1 expression, activation of both complexes seems to be involved in this response to TNFalpha, but this activation occurs via different intracellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Krunkosky
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Gray T, Coakley R, Hirsh A, Thornton D, Kirkham S, Koo JS, Burch L, Boucher R, Nettesheim P. Regulation of MUC5AC mucin secretion and airway surface liquid metabolism by IL-1beta in human bronchial epithelia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003; 286:L320-30. [PMID: 14527933 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00440.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary transport in the airways significantly depends on the liquid and mucin components of the airway surface liquid (ASL). The regulation of ASL water and mucin content during pathological conditions is not well understood. We hypothesized that airway epithelial mucin production and liquid transport are regulated in response to inflammatory stimuli and tested this hypothesis by investigating the effects of the pleiotropic, early-response cytokine, IL-1beta, on cultured primary human bronchial epithelial and second-passage, normal human tracheo-bronchial epithelial (NHTBE) cell cultures. Fully differentiated NHTBE cultures secreted two major airway mucins, MUC5AC and MUC5B. IL-1beta, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, increased the secretion of MUC5AC, but not MUC5B. MUC5AC mRNA levels were only transiently increased at 1 and 4 h after the start of IL-1beta treatment and returned to control levels thereafter, even though MUC5AC mucin production remained elevated for at least 72 h. Synchronous with elevated MUC5AC secretion, ASL volume increased, its percentage of solid was reduced, and the pH/[HCO(3)(-)] of the ASL was elevated. ASL volume changes reflected altered ion transport, including an upregulation of Cl(-) secretory currents (via CFTR and Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) conductance) and an inhibition of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)-mediated absorptive Na(+) currents. IL-1beta increased CFTR mRNA levels without affecting those for ENaC subunits. The synchronous regulation of ASL mucin and liquid metabolism triggered by IL-1beta may be an important defense mechanism of the airway epithelium to enhance mucociliary clearance during airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gray
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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