1
|
Zhang Q, Zhu X, Xiao Y. The critical role of endothelial cell in the toxicity associated with chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and intervention strategies. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:2197-2206. [PMID: 38329486 PMCID: PMC11224091 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has shown promising results in patients with hematological malignancies. However, many patients still have poor prognoses or even fatal outcomes due to the life-threatening toxicities associated with the therapy. Moreover, even after improving the known influencing factors (such as number or type of CAR-T infusion) related to CAR-T cell infusion, the results remain unsatisfactory. In recent years, it has been found that endothelial cells (ECs), which are key components of the organization, play a crucial role in various aspects of immune system activation and inflammatory response. The levels of typical markers of endothelial activation positively correlated with the severity of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxic syndrome (ICANS), suggesting that ECs are important targets for intervention and toxicity prevention. This review focuses on the critical role of ECs in CRS and ICANS and the intervention strategies adopted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fu L, Bridges CA, Kim HN, Ding C, Bao Hou NC, Yeow J, Fok S, Macmillan A, Sterling JD, Baker SM, Lord MS. Cationic Polysaccharides Bind to the Endothelial Cell Surface Extracellular Matrix Involving Heparan Sulfate. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3850-3862. [PMID: 38775104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Cationic polysaccharides have been extensively studied for drug delivery via the bloodstream, yet few have progressed to clinical use. Endothelial cells lining the blood vessel wall are coated in an anionic extracellular matrix called the glycocalyx. However, we do not fully comprehend the charged polysaccharide interactions with the glycocalyx. We reveal that the cationic polysaccharide poly(acetyl, arginyl) glucosamine (PAAG) exhibits the highest association with the endothelial glycocalyx, followed by dextran (neutral) and hyaluronan (anionic). Furthermore, we demonstrate that PAAG binds heparan sulfate (HS) within the glycocalyx, leading to intracellular accumulation. Using an in vitro glycocalyx model, we demonstrate a charge-based extent of association of polysaccharides with HS. Mechanistically, we observe that PAAG binding to HS occurs via a condensation reaction and functionally protects HS from degradation. Together, this study reveals the interplay between polysaccharide charge properties and interactions with the endothelial cell glycocalyx toward improved delivery system design and application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Claire A Bridges
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ha Na Kim
- Molecular Surface Interaction Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Catherine Ding
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nicole Chiwei Bao Hou
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sandra Fok
- Katherina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander Macmillan
- Katherina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James D Sterling
- Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Shenda M Baker
- Synedgen Inc, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun W, Wu W, Fang X, Ge X, Zhang Y, Han J, Guo X, Zhou L, Yang H. Disruption of pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier by dysregulated claudin-8 and claudin-4: uncovered mechanisms in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:240. [PMID: 38806818 PMCID: PMC11133251 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The pulmonary endothelium is a dynamic and metabolically active monolayer of endothelial cells. Dysfunction of the pulmonary endothelial barrier plays a crucial role in the acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), frequently observed in the context of viral pneumonia. Dysregulation of tight junction proteins can lead to the disruption of the endothelial barrier and subsequent leakage. Here, the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) served as an ideal model for studying ALI and ARDS. The alveolar lavage fluid of pigs infected with HP-PRRSV, and the supernatant of HP-PRRSV infected pulmonary alveolar macrophages were respectively collected to treat the pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) in Transwell culture system to explore the mechanism of pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier leakage caused by viral infection. Cytokine screening, addition and blocking experiments revealed that proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, secreted by HP-PRRSV-infected macrophages, disrupt the pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier by downregulating claudin-8 and upregulating claudin-4 synergistically. Additionally, three transcription factors interleukin enhancer binding factor 2 (ILF2), general transcription factor III C subunit 2 (GTF3C2), and thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 3 (THRAP3), were identified to accumulate in the nucleus of PMVECs, regulating the transcription of claudin-8 and claudin-4. Meanwhile, the upregulation of ssc-miR-185 was found to suppress claudin-8 expression via post-transcriptional inhibition. This study not only reveals the molecular mechanisms by which HP-PRRSV infection causes endothelial barrier leakage in acute lung injury, but also provides novel insights into the function and regulation of tight junctions in vascular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinna Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanchun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Üçer MB, Cevher S, Üçer S. Choroidal changes in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:103965. [PMID: 37798172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) on choroidal tissue. METHODS Thirty-two CCHF patients and 34 healthy individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. All subjects were assessed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and ImageJ software. The choroidal thickness (CT) in the subfoveal, nasal and temporal regions 1 mm from the foveal center was measured. The total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were calculated. RESULTS The nasal (P=0.002), subfoveal (P=0.006), and temporal CT (P=0.028) were significantly higher in the CCHF group. The TCA (P=0.021), SA (P=0.001) was significantly higher, and LA/SA (P<0.001) and CVI (P<0.001) were significantly lower in patients with CCHF. Significant negative correlations were found between temporal CT (r=-0.387, P=0.029), TCA (r=-0.461, P=0.008), LA (r=-0.480, P=0.005) SA (r=-0.419, P=0.017) and fibrinogen. Nasal CT, temporal CT, TCA and SA tended to increase with the severity of the disease, while LA/SA tended to decrease when CCHF patients were grouped into mild and moderate stages. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates significant changes in the choroidal structure and vascular characteristics in CCHF patients. These findings may be associated with endothelial damage, vascular leakage, capillary fragility, impaired immune response, and/or inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Üçer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hitit University Erol Olçok Education and Research Hospital, 019030 Çorum, Turkey.
| | - S Cevher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hitit University Erol Olçok Education and Research Hospital, 019030 Çorum, Turkey
| | - S Üçer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Balczon R, Lin MT, Voth S, Nelson AR, Schupp JC, Wagener BM, Pittet JF, Stevens T. Lung endothelium, tau, and amyloids in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:533-587. [PMID: 37561137 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung endothelia in the arteries, capillaries, and veins are heterogeneous in structure and function. Lung capillaries in particular represent a unique vascular niche, with a thin yet highly restrictive alveolar-capillary barrier that optimizes gas exchange. Capillary endothelium surveys the blood while simultaneously interpreting cues initiated within the alveolus and communicated via immediately adjacent type I and type II epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and pericytes. This cell-cell communication is necessary to coordinate the immune response to lower respiratory tract infection. Recent discoveries identify an important role for the microtubule-associated protein tau that is expressed in lung capillary endothelia in the host-pathogen interaction. This endothelial tau stabilizes microtubules necessary for barrier integrity, yet infection drives production of cytotoxic tau variants that are released into the airways and circulation, where they contribute to end-organ dysfunction. Similarly, beta-amyloid is produced during infection. Beta-amyloid has antimicrobial activity, but during infection it can acquire cytotoxic activity that is deleterious to the host. The production and function of these cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are the subject of this review. Lung-derived cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are a recently discovered mechanism of end-organ dysfunction, including neurocognitive dysfunction, during and in the aftermath of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ron Balczon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Mike T Lin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Sarah Voth
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, Louisiana, United States
| | - Amy R Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wongsawat M, Glaharn S, Srisook C, Dechkhajorn W, Chaisri U, Punsawad C, Techarang T, Chotivanich K, Krudsood S, Viriyavejakul P. Immunofluorescence study of cytoskeleton in endothelial cells induced with malaria sera. Malar J 2024; 23:10. [PMID: 38183117 PMCID: PMC10770940 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells (ECs) play a major role in malaria pathogenesis, as a point of direct contact of parasitized red blood cells to the blood vessel wall. The study of cytoskeleton structures of ECs, whose main functions are to maintain shape and provide strength to the EC membrane is important in determining the severe sequelae of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The work investigated the cytoskeletal changes (microfilaments-actin, microtubules-tubulin and intermediate filaments-vimentin) in ECs induced by malaria sera (Plasmodium vivax, uncomplicated P. falciparum and complicated P. falciparum), in relation to the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Morphology and fluorescence intensity of EC cytoskeleton stimulated with malaria sera were evaluated using immunofluorescence technique. Levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon (IFN)-gamma (γ) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Control experimental groups included ECs incubated with media alone and non-malaria patient sera. Experimental groups consisted of ECs incubated with malaria sera from P. vivax, uncomplicated P. falciparum and complicated P. falciparum. Morphological scores of cytoskeletal alterations and fluorescence intensity were compared across each experiment group, and correlated with TNF and IFN-γ. RESULTS The four morphological changes of cytoskeleton included (1) shrinkage of cytoskeleton and ECs with cortical condensation, (2) appearance of eccentric nuclei, (3) presence of "spiking pattern" of cytoskeleton and EC membrane, and (4) fragmentation and discontinuity of cytoskeleton and ECs. Significant damages were noted in actin filaments compared to tubulin and vimentin filaments in ECs stimulated with sera from complicated P. falciparum malaria. Morphological damages to cytoskeleton was positively correlated with fluorescence intensity and the levels of TNF and IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS ECs stimulated with sera from complicated P. falciparum malaria showed cytoskeletal alterations and increased in fluorescence intensity, which was associated with high levels of TNF and IFN-γ. Cytoskeletal changes of ECs incubated with complicated P. falciparum malaria sera can lead to EC junctional alteration and permeability changes, which is mediated through apoptotic pathway. The findings can serve as a basis to explore measures to strengthen EC cytoskeleton and alleviate severe malaria complications such as pulmonary oedema and cerebral malaria. In addition, immunofluorescence intensity of cytoskeleton could be investigated as potential prognostic indicator for malaria severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathusorn Wongsawat
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Supattra Glaharn
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Charit Srisook
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wilanee Dechkhajorn
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Urai Chaisri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Tachpon Techarang
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kesinee Chotivanich
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Srivicha Krudsood
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Parnpen Viriyavejakul
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Giri H, Dixit M. Determination of Endothelial Barrier Resistance by Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) System. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:47-62. [PMID: 37776448 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining the inner surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels play an indispensable role in vascular homeostasis. Apart from regulating vessel tone and forming an anti-thrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic surface, the dynamic endothelial barrier controls transport of solutes and fluid in and out of tissues at the capillary bed. Transit of circulating leukocytes into and out of circulation during inflammation and tissue repair is also regulated by the endothelium. Dysregulation of this barrier function of endothelial cells is a hallmark feature of multiple diseases and conditions such as sepsis, cancer metastasis, and edema. In this chapter we describe a detailed methodology to perform an in vitro experiment to monitor changes in barrier properties of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in real time, in response to thrombin with electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) biosensor system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Giri
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology , Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kwok ML, Geyer M, Chan WC, Zhao S, Gu L, Huang F, Vogel SM, Petukhov PA, Komarova Y. Targeting EB3-IP 3R3 Interface with Cognate Peptide Protects from Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:391-403. [PMID: 37290041 PMCID: PMC10557916 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0217oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a lung disease characterized by acute onset of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, hypoxemia, and respiratory insufficiency. The current treatment for ARDS is mainly supportive in nature, providing a critical need for targeted pharmacological management. We addressed this medical problem by developing a pharmacological treatment for pulmonary vascular leakage, a culprit of alveolar damage and lung inflammation. Our novel therapeutic target is the microtubule accessory factor EB3 (end binding protein 3), which contributes to pulmonary vascular leakage by amplifying pathological calcium signaling in endothelial cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. EB3 interacts with IP3R3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 3) and orchestrates calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum stores. Here, we designed and tested the therapeutic benefits of a 14-aa peptide named CIPRI (cognate IP3 receptor inhibitor), which disrupted EB3-IP3R3 interaction in vitro and in lungs of mice challenged with endotoxin. Treatment with CIPRI or depletion of IP3R3 in lung microvascular endothelial monolayers mitigated calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum stores and prevented a disassembly of vascular endothelial cadherin junctions in response to the proinflammatory mediator α-thrombin. Furthermore, intravenous administration of CIPRI in mice mitigated inflammation-induced lung injury, blocked pulmonary microvascular leakage, prevented activation of NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) signaling, and reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines in the lung tissue. CIPRI also improved survival of mice from endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis. Together, these data demonstrate that targeting EB3-IP3R3 interaction with a cognate peptide is a promising strategy to address hyperpermeability of microvessels in inflammatory lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Long Kwok
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Melissa Geyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Wan Ching Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Shuangping Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Lianzhi Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Steven M. Vogel
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Pavel A. Petukhov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yulia Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Korde A, Haslip M, Pednekar P, Khan A, Chioccioli M, Mehta S, Lopez-Giraldez F, Bermejo S, Rojas M, Dela Cruz C, Matthay MA, Pober JS, Pierce RW, Takyar SS. MicroRNA-1 protects the endothelium in acute lung injury. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164816. [PMID: 37737266 PMCID: PMC10561733 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cause severe endothelial dysfunction in the lung, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is elevated in ARDS. We found that the levels of a VEGF-regulated microRNA, microRNA-1 (miR-1), were reduced in the lung endothelium after acute injury. Pulmonary endothelial cell-specific (EC-specific) overexpression of miR-1 protected the lung against cell death and barrier dysfunction in both murine and human models and increased the survival of mice after pneumonia-induced ALI. miR-1 had an intrinsic protective effect in pulmonary and other types of ECs; it inhibited apoptosis and necroptosis pathways and decreased capillary leak by protecting adherens and tight junctions. Comparative gene expression analysis and RISC recruitment assays identified miR-1 targets in the context of injury, including phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2), CNKSR family member 3 (CNKSR3), and TNF-α-induced protein 2 (TNFAIP2). We validated miR-1-mediated regulation of ANGPT2 in both mouse and human ECs and found that in a 119-patient pneumonia cohort, miR-1 correlated inversely with ANGPT2. These findings illustrate a previously unknown role of miR-1 as a cytoprotective orchestrator of endothelial responses to acute injury with prognostic and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asawari Korde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maria Haslip
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Prachi Pednekar
- Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Maurizio Chioccioli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sameet Mehta
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Santos Bermejo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles Dela Cruz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Anesthesiology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Shervin S. Takyar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Choroszy M, Środa-Pomianek K, Wawrzyńska M, Chmielarz M, Bożemska E, Sobieszczańska B. The Role of Palmitic Acid in the Co-Toxicity of Bacterial Metabolites to Endothelial Cells. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:399-409. [PMID: 37426328 PMCID: PMC10329449 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s408897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic endotoxemia most often results from obesity and is accompanied by an increase in the permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier, allowing co-absorption of bacterial metabolites and diet-derived fatty acids into the bloodstream. A high-fat diet (HFD) leading to obesity is a significant extrinsic factor in developing vascular atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of palmitic acid (PA) as a representative of long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFA) commonly present in HFDs, along with endotoxin (LPS; lipopolysaccharide) and uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS), on human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods HUVECs viability was measured based on tetrazolium salt metabolism, and cell morphology was assessed with fluorescein-phalloidin staining of cells' actin cytoskeleton. The effects of simultaneous treatment of endothelial cells with PA, LPS, and IS on nitro-oxidative stress in vascular cells were evaluated quantitatively with fluorescent probes. The expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule VCAM-1, E-selectin, and occludin, an essential tight junction protein, in HUVECs treated with these metabolites was evaluated in Western blot. Results PA, combined with LPS and IS, did not influence HUVECs viability but induced stress on actin fibers and focal adhesion complexes. Moreover, PA combined with LPS significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HUVECs but decreased nitric oxide (NO) generation. PA also considerably increased the expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVECs treated with LPS or IS but decreased occludin expression. Conclusion Palmitic acid enhances the toxic effect of metabolic endotoxemia on the vascular endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Choroszy
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Środa-Pomianek
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wawrzyńska
- Department of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Chmielarz
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Bożemska
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim J, Mooren OL, Onken MD, Cooper JA. Septin and actin contributions to endothelial cell-cell junctions and monolayer integrity. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:228-241. [PMID: 36205643 PMCID: PMC10079785 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Septins in endothelial cells (ECs) have important roles supporting the integrity of the endothelial monolayer. Cell-cell junctions in EC monolayers are highly dynamic, with continuous retractions and protrusions. Depletion of septins in ECs leads to disruption of cell-cell junctions, which are composed of VE-cadherin and other junctional proteins. In EC monolayers, septins are concentrated at the plasma membrane at sites of cell-cell contact, in curved- and scallop-shaped patterns. These membrane-associated septin accumulations are located in regions of positive membrane curvature, and those regions are often associated with and immediately adjacent to actin-rich protrusions with negative membrane curvature. EC septins associate directly with plasma membrane lipids, based on findings with site-specific mutations of septins in ECs, which is consistent with biochemical and cell biological studies in other systems. Loss of septins leads to disruption of the EC monolayer, and gaps form between cells. The number and breadth of cell-cell contacts and junctions decreases, and the number and frequency of retractions, ruffles, and protrusions at cell edges also decreases. In addition, loss of septins leads to decreased amounts of F-actin at the cortical membrane, along with increased amounts of F-actin in stress fibers of the cytoplasm. Endothelial monolayer disruption from loss of septins is also associated with decreased transendothelial electric resistance (TEER) and increased levels of transendothelial migration (TEM) by immune and cancer cells, owing to the gaps in the monolayer. A current working model is that assembly of septin filaments at regions of positive membrane curvature contributes to a mechanical footing or base for actin-based protrusive forces generated at adjoining regions of the membrane. Specific molecular interactions between the septin and actin components of the cytoskeleton may also be important contributors. Regulators of actin assembly may promote and support the assembly of septin filaments at the membrane, as part of a molecular feedback loop between the assembly of septin and actin filaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Olivia L Mooren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael D Onken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John A Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang L, Wei X, Wang Z, Liu P, Hou Y, Xu Y, Su H, Koci MD, Yin H, Zhang C. NF-κB activation enhances STING signaling by altering microtubule-mediated STING trafficking. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112185. [PMID: 36857187 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) can trigger nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. However, whether and how the NF-κB pathway affects STING signaling remains largely unclear. Here, we report that Toll-like receptor (TLR)-, interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-, growth factor receptor (GF-R)-, and protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated NF-κB signaling activation dramatically enhances STING-mediated immune responses. Mechanistically, we find that STING interacts with microtubules, which plays a crucial role in STING intracellular trafficking. We further uncover that activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway induces microtubule depolymerization, which inhibits STING trafficking to lysosomes for degradation. This leads to increased levels of activated STING that persist for a longer period of time. The synergy between NF-κB and STING triggers a cascade-amplified interferon response and robust host antiviral defense. In addition, we observe that several gain-of-function mutations of STING abolish the microtubule-STING interaction and cause abnormal STING trafficking and ligand-independent STING autoactivation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that NF-κB activation enhances STING signaling by regulating microtubule-mediated STING trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xubiao Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhimeng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peiyuan Liu
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfei Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yifang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huili Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Matthew D Koci
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Conggang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Phenotypic and Transcriptional Changes of Pulmonary Immune Responses in Dogs Following Canine Distemper Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710019. [PMID: 36077417 PMCID: PMC9456005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV), a morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae, is a highly contagious infectious agent causing a multisystemic, devastating disease in a broad range of host species, characterized by severe immunosuppression, encephalitis and pneumonia. The present study aimed at investigating pulmonary immune responses of CDV-infected dogs in situ using immunohistochemistry and whole transcriptome analyses by bulk RNA sequencing. Spatiotemporal analysis of phenotypic changes revealed pulmonary immune responses primarily driven by MHC-II+, Iba-1+ and CD204+ innate immune cells during acute and subacute infection phases, which paralleled pathologic lesion development and coincided with high viral loads in CDV-infected lungs. CD20+ B cell numbers initially declined, followed by lymphoid repopulation in the advanced disease phase. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated an increased expression of transcripts related to innate immunity, antiviral defense mechanisms, type I interferon responses and regulation of cell death in the lung of CDV-infected dogs. Molecular analyses also revealed disturbed cytokine responses with a pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization and impaired mucociliary defense in CDV-infected lungs. The exploratory study provides detailed data on CDV-related pulmonary immune responses, expanding the list of immunologic parameters potentially leading to viral elimination and virus-induced pulmonary immunopathology in canine distemper.
Collapse
|
14
|
Plasmodium falciparum and TNF-α Differentially Regulate Inflammatory and Barrier Integrity Pathways in Human Brain Endothelial Cells. mBio 2022; 13:e0174622. [PMID: 36036514 PMCID: PMC9601155 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01746-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection characterized by the loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, which is associated with brain swelling and mortality in patients. P. falciparum-infected red blood cells and inflammatory cytokines, like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), have been implicated in the development of cerebral malaria, but it is still unclear how they contribute to the loss of BBB integrity. Here, a combination of transcriptomic analysis and cellular assays detecting changes in barrier integrity and endothelial activation were used to distinguish between the effects of P. falciparum and TNF-α on a human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) line and in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells. We observed that while TNF-α induced high levels of endothelial activation, it only caused a small increase in HBMEC permeability. Conversely, P. falciparum-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) led to a strong increase in HBMEC permeability that was not mediated by cell death. Distinct transcriptomic profiles of TNF-α and P. falciparum in HBMECs confirm the differential effects of these stimuli, with the parasite preferentially inducing an endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Our results establish that there are fundamental differences in the responses induced by TNF-α and P. falciparum on brain endothelial cells and suggest that parasite-induced signaling is a major component driving the disruption of the BBB during cerebral malaria, proposing a potential target for much needed therapeutics.
Collapse
|
15
|
Shishikura D, Octavia Y, Hayat U, Thondapu V, Barlis P. Atherogenesis and Inflammation. Interv Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119697367.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
16
|
Highly Pathogenic PRRSV-Infected Alveolar Macrophages Impair the Function of Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030452. [PMID: 35336858 PMCID: PMC8948932 DOI: 10.3390/v14030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), especially the highly pathogenic strains, can cause serious acute lung injury (ALI), characterized by extensive hemorrhage, inflammatory cells and serous fluid infiltration in the lung vascular system. Meanwhile, the pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) are essential for forming the air–blood barrier and keeping the water–salt balance to prevent leakage of circulating nutrients, solutes, and fluid into the underlying tissues. As well, they tightly regulate the influx of immune cells. To determine the possible relationship between the PMVECs’ function changes and lung vascular permeability during PRRSV infection, the PMVECs were co-cultured with HP-PRRSV-inoculated primary pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in transwell model, and then the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis were carried out to characterize the dynamic transcriptome landscapes of PMVECs. In total, 16,489 annotated genes were identified, with 275 upregulated and 270 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were characterized at both 18 and 24 h post PRRSV inoculation. The GO terms and KEGG pathways analysis indicated that the immune response, metabolic pathways, cell death, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, viral responses, and apoptotic process are significantly regulated upon co-culture with PRRSV-infected PAMs. Moreover, according to the TERR and dextran flux assay results, dysregulation of TJ proteins, including CLDN1, CLDN4, CLDN8, and OCLN, is further confirmed to correlate with the increased permeability of PMVECs. These transcriptome profiles and DEGs will provide valuable clues for further exploring the roles of PMVECs in PRRSV-induced ALI in the future.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lucas R, Hadizamani Y, Enkhbaatar P, Csanyi G, Caldwell RW, Hundsberger H, Sridhar S, Lever AA, Hudel M, Ash D, Ushio-Fukai M, Fukai T, Chakraborty T, Verin A, Eaton DC, Romero M, Hamacher J. Dichotomous Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Pulmonary Barrier Function and Alveolar Fluid Clearance. Front Physiol 2022; 12:793251. [PMID: 35264975 PMCID: PMC8899333 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.793251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar-capillary leak is a hallmark of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a potentially lethal complication of severe sepsis, trauma and pneumonia, including COVID-19. Apart from barrier dysfunction, ARDS is characterized by hyper-inflammation and impaired alveolar fluid clearance (AFC), which foster the development of pulmonary permeability edema and hamper gas exchange. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is an evolutionarily conserved pleiotropic cytokine, involved in host immune defense against pathogens and cancer. TNF exists in both membrane-bound and soluble form and its mainly -but not exclusively- pro-inflammatory and cytolytic actions are mediated by partially overlapping TNFR1 and TNFR2 binding sites situated at the interface between neighboring subunits in the homo-trimer. Whereas TNFR1 signaling can mediate hyper-inflammation and impaired barrier function and AFC in the lungs, ligand stimulation of TNFR2 can protect from ventilation-induced lung injury. Spatially distinct from the TNFR binding sites, TNF harbors within its structure a lectin-like domain that rather protects lung function in ARDS. The lectin-like domain of TNF -mimicked by the 17 residue TIP peptide- represents a physiological mediator of alveolar-capillary barrier protection. and increases AFC in both hydrostatic and permeability pulmonary edema animal models. The TIP peptide directly activates the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) -a key mediator of fluid and blood pressure control- upon binding to its α subunit, which is also a part of the non-selective cation channel (NSC). Activity of the lectin-like domain of TNF is preserved in complexes between TNF and its soluble TNFRs and can be physiologically relevant in pneumonia. Antibody- and soluble TNFR-based therapeutic strategies show considerable success in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, but their chronic use can increase susceptibility to infection. Since the lectin-like domain of TNF does not interfere with TNF's anti-bacterial actions, while exerting protective actions in the alveolar-capillary compartments, it is currently evaluated in clinical trials in ARDS and COVID-19. A more comprehensive knowledge of the precise role of the TNFR binding sites versus the lectin-like domain of TNF in lung injury, tissue hypoxia, repair and remodeling may foster the development of novel therapeutics for ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Rudolf Lucas,
| | - Yalda Hadizamani
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Gabor Csanyi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Robert W. Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Harald Hundsberger
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Supriya Sridhar
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Alice Ann Lever
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Martina Hudel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dipankar Ash
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Tohru Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Douglas C. Eaton
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Maritza Romero
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jürg Hamacher
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Medical Clinic V-Pneumology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Saarland, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany,Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany,Jürg Hamacher,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pharmacogenomics of Anti-TNF Treatment Response Marks a New Era of Tailored Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042366. [PMID: 35216481 PMCID: PMC8879844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most commonly occurring chronic inflammatory arthritis, the exact mechanism of which is not fully understood. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-targeting drugs has been shown to exert high effectiveness for RA, which indicates the key importance of this cytokine in this disease. Nevertheless, the response to TNF inhibitors varies, and approximately one third of RA patients are non-responders, which is explained by the influence of genetic factors. Knowledge in the field of pharmacogenomics of anti-TNF drugs is growing, but has not been applied in the clinical practice so far. Different genome-wide association studies identified a few single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with anti-TNF treatment response, which largely map genes involved in T cell function. Studies of the gene expression profile of RA patients have also indicated specific gene signatures that may be useful to develop novel prognostic tools. In this article, we discuss the significance of TNF in RA and present the current knowledge in pharmacogenomics related to anti-TNF treatment response.
Collapse
|
19
|
Leser JM, Harriot A, Buck HV, Ward CW, Stains JP. Aging, Osteo-Sarcopenia, and Musculoskeletal Mechano-Transduction. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2021; 2:782848. [PMID: 36004321 PMCID: PMC9396756 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.782848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The decline in the mass and function of bone and muscle is an inevitable consequence of healthy aging with early onset and accelerated decline in those with chronic disease. Termed osteo-sarcopenia, this condition predisposes the decreased activity, falls, low-energy fractures, and increased risk of co-morbid disease that leads to musculoskeletal frailty. The biology of osteo-sarcopenia is most understood in the context of systemic neuro-endocrine and immune/inflammatory alterations that drive inflammation, oxidative stress, reduced autophagy, and cellular senescence in the bone and muscle. Here we integrate these concepts to our growing understanding of how bone and muscle senses, responds and adapts to mechanical load. We propose that age-related alterations in cytoskeletal mechanics alter load-sensing and mechano-transduction in bone osteocytes and muscle fibers which underscores osteo-sarcopenia. Lastly, we examine the evidence for exercise as an effective countermeasure to osteo-sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph P. Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chalimeswamy A, Thanuja MY, Ranganath SH, Pandya K, Kompella UB, Srinivas SP. Oxidative Stress Induces a Breakdown of the Cytoskeleton and Tight Junctions of the Corneal Endothelial Cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 38:74-84. [PMID: 34818079 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the impact of oxidative stress, which is a hallmark of Fuchs dystrophy, on the barrier function of the corneal endothelial cells. Methods: Experiments were carried out with cultured bovine and porcine corneal endothelial cells. For oxidative stress, cells were supplemented with riboflavin (Rf) and exposed to UV-A (15-30 min) to induce Type-1 photochemical reactions that release H2O2. The effect of the stress on the barrier function was assayed by transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) measurement. In addition, the associated changes in the organization of the microtubules, perijunctional actomyosin ring (PAMR), and ZO-1 were evaluated by immunocytochemistry, which was also repeated after direct exposure to H2O2 (100 μM, 1 h). Results: Exposure to H2O2 led to the disassembly of microtubules and the destruction of PAMR. In parallel, the contiguous locus of ZO-1 was disrupted, marking a loss of barrier integrity. Accordingly, a sustained loss in TER was induced when cells in the Rf-supplemented medium were exposed to UV-A. However, the addition of catalase (7,000 U/mL) to rapidly decompose H2O2 limited the loss in TER. Furthermore, the adverse effects on microtubules, PAMR, and ZO-1 were suppressed by including catalase, ascorbic acid (1 mM; 30 min), or pretreatment with p38 MAP kinase inhibitor (SB-203580; 10 μM, 1 h). Conclusions: Acute oxidative stress induces microtubule disassembly by a p38 MAP kinase-dependent mechanism, leading to the destruction of PAMR and loss of barrier function. The response to oxidative stress is reminiscent of the (TNF-α)-induced breakdown of barrier failure in the corneal endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Chalimeswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India.,Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
| | | | - Sudhir H Ranganath
- Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
| | - Kaveet Pandya
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Uday B Kompella
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Karki P, Birukova AA. Microtubules as Major Regulators of Endothelial Function: Implication for Lung Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:758313. [PMID: 34777018 PMCID: PMC8582326 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.758313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been attributed as one of the major complications in COVID-19 patients, a global pandemic that has already caused over 4 million deaths worldwide. The dysfunction of endothelial barrier is characterized by an increase in endothelial permeability and inflammatory responses, and has even broader implications in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory syndromes such as ARDS, sepsis and chronic illnesses represented by pulmonary arterial hypertension and interstitial lung disease. The structural integrity of endothelial barrier is maintained by cytoskeleton elements, cell-substrate focal adhesion and adhesive cell junctions. Agonist-mediated changes in endothelial permeability are directly associated with reorganization of actomyosin cytoskeleton leading to cell contraction and opening of intercellular gaps or enhancement of cortical actin cytoskeleton associated with strengthening of endothelial barrier. The role of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in endothelial barrier regulation has taken the central stage, but the impact of microtubules in this process remains less explored and under-appreciated. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the crosstalk between microtubules dynamics and actin cytoskeleton remodeling, describe the signaling mechanisms mediating this crosstalk, discuss epigenetic regulation of microtubules stability and its nexus with endothelial barrier maintenance, and overview a role of microtubules in targeted delivery of signaling molecules regulating endothelial permeability and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113067. [PMID: 34831290 PMCID: PMC8623825 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bronchial vascular endothelial network plays important roles in pulmonary pathology during respiratory viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A(H1N1) and importantly SARS-Cov-2. All of these infections can be severe and even lethal in patients with underlying risk factors.A major obstacle in disease prevention is the lack of appropriate efficacious vaccine(s) due to continuous changes in the encoding capacity of the viral genome, exuberant responsiveness of the host immune system and lack of effective antiviral drugs. Current management of these severe respiratory viral infections is limited to supportive clinical care. The primary cause of morbidity and mortality is respiratory failure, partially due to endothelial pulmonary complications, including edema. The latter is induced by the loss of alveolar epithelium integrity and by pathological changes in the endothelial vascular network that regulates blood flow, blood fluidity, exchange of fluids, electrolytes, various macromolecules and responses to signals triggered by oxygenation, and controls trafficking of leukocyte immune cells. This overview outlines the latest understanding of the implications of pulmonary vascular endothelium involvement in respiratory distress syndrome secondary to viral infections. In addition, the roles of infection-induced cytokines, growth factors, and epigenetic reprogramming in endothelial permeability, as well as emerging treatment options to decrease disease burden, are discussed.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang X, Wang F, Lin L, Liang W, Liu S, Hua L, Wang X, Chen H, Peng Z, Wu B. Transcriptome Differences in Pig Tracheal Epithelial Cells in Response to Pasteurella Multocida Infection. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:682514. [PMID: 34490391 PMCID: PMC8417048 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.682514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida generally colonizes mammalian/bird respiratory tracts and mainly causes respiratory disorders in both humans and animals. To date, the effects of P. multocida infection on the respiratory epithelial barriers and molecules in host respiratory epithelial cells in their response to P. multocida infection are still not well-known. In this study, we used newborn pig tracheal epithelial (NPTr) cells as an in vitro model to investigate the effect of P. multocida infection on host respiratory epithelial barriers. By detecting the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values of NPTr cells and the expression of several known molecules associated with cell adherens and junctions, we found that P. multocida infection disrupted the barrier functions of NPTr cells. By performing RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), we determined 30 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) encoding gene VEGFA, which participated in biological processes (GO:0034330, GO:0045216, and GO:0098609) closely related to epithelial adhesion and barrier functions. These 30 DEGs participated in 22 significant signaling pathways with a p-value < 0.05, including the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling pathway (KEGG ID: ssc04350), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway (KEGG ID: ssc04066), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance (KEGG ID: ssc01521), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway (KEGG ID: ssc04668), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway (KEGG ID: ssc04010), which are reported to have roles in contributing to the production of inflammatory factors as well as the regulation of epithelial adhesion and barrier function in other tissues and organisms. The results presented in this study may help improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of P. multocida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Songtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
N-Acetylcysteine Reduces the Pro-Oxidant and Inflammatory Responses during Pancreatitis and Pancreas Tumorigenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071107. [PMID: 34356340 PMCID: PMC8301003 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, appears to be a main driver of pancreatic cancer when combined with Kras mutations. In this context, the exact redox mechanisms are not clearly elucidated. Herein, we treated mice expressing a KrasG12D mutation in pancreatic acinar cells with cerulein to induce acute pancreatitis. In the presence of KrasG12D, pancreatitis triggered significantly greater redox unbalance and oxidative damages compared to control mice expressing wild-type Kras alleles. Further analyses identified the disruption in glutathione metabolism as the main redox event occurring during pancreatitis. Compared to the wild-type background, KrasG12D-bearing mice showed a greater responsiveness to treatment with a thiol-containing compound, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Notably, NAC treatment increased the pancreatic glutathione pool, reduced systemic markers related to pancreatic and liver damages, limited the extent of pancreatic edema and fibrosis as well as reduced systemic and pancreatic oxidative damages. The protective effects of NAC were, at least, partly due to a decrease in the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by acinar cells, which was concomitant with the inhibition of NF-κB(p65) nuclear translocation. Our data provide a rationale to use thiol-containing compounds as an adjuvant therapy to alleviate the severity of inflammation during pancreatitis and pancreatic tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Thanuja MY, Suma BS, Dinesh D, Ranganath SH, Srinivas SP. Microtubule Stabilization Protects Hypothermia-Induced Damage to the Cytoskeleton and Barrier Integrity of the Corneal Endothelial Cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 37:399-411. [PMID: 34227869 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the impact of hypothermia on the barrier function of donor corneal endothelium, thereby enhancing the success of corneal transplantation. Methods: Primary cultures of porcine endothelial cells were subjected to hypothermia (15 h; 4°C). The impact on microtubule assembly, peri-junctional actomyosin ring (PAMR), and ZO-1 was assessed by immunocytochemistry with and without pretreatment with a microtubule-stabilizing agent (Epothilone B; EpoB; 100 nM) and a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor (SB-203580; 20 μM). In addition, EpoB-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (ENPs) prepared by nanoprecipitation technique and coated with poly-L-lysine (PLL-ENPs) were administered one-time for sustained intracellular delivery of EpoB. Results: Exposure to hypothermia led to microtubule disassembly concomitant with the destruction of PAMR and the displacement of ZO-1 at the cellular periphery, suggesting a loss in barrier integrity. These adverse effects were attenuated by pretreatment with EpoB or SB-203580. PLL-ENPs possessed a zeta potential of ∼26 mV and a size of ∼110 nm. Drug loading and entrapment efficiency were 5% (w/w) and ∼87%, respectively, and PLL-ENPs showed a biphasic release in vitro: burst phase (1 day), followed by a sustained phase (∼4 weeks). Pretreatment with PLL-ENPs (0.4 mg/mL) for 24 h stabilized the microtubules and opposed the hypothermia-induced damage to PAMR and the redistribution of ZO-1. Conclusions: Hypothermia induces microtubule disassembly via activation of p38 MAP kinase and subsequently breaks down the barrier function of the endothelium. Sustained intracellular delivery of EpoB using nanoparticles has the potential to overcome endothelial barrier failure during prolonged cold storage of donor cornea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marasarakottige Y Thanuja
- Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
| | - Bangalore S Suma
- Bioimaging Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Divyasree Dinesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
| | - Sudhir H Ranganath
- Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Barros CS, Bossing T. Microtubule disruption upon CNS damage triggers mitotic entry via TNF signaling activation. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109325. [PMID: 34233183 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair after traumatic injury often starts with mitotic activation around the lesion edges. Early midline cells in the Drosophila embryonic CNS can enter into division following the traumatic disruption of microtubules. We demonstrate that microtubule disruption activates non-canonical TNF signaling by phosphorylation of TGF-β activated kinase 1 (Tak1) and its target IkappaB kinase (Ik2), culminating in Dorsal/NfkappaB nuclear translocation and Jra/Jun expression. Tak1 and Ik2 are necessary for the damaged-induced divisions. Microtubule disruption caused by Tau accumulation is also reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Human Tau expression in Drosophila midline cells is sufficient to induce Tak1 phosphorylation, Dorsal and Jra/Jun expression, and entry into mitosis. Interestingly, activation of Tak1 and Tank binding kinase 1 (Tbk1), the human Ik2 ortholog, and NfkappaB upregulation are observed in AD brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Barros
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, 16 Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Torsten Bossing
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, 16 Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Herrera M, Molina P, Souza-Smith FM. Ethanol-induced lymphatic endothelial cell permeability via MAP-kinase regulation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C104-C116. [PMID: 33909502 PMCID: PMC8321794 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00039.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol alters the immune system enhancing the susceptibility to inflammation, bacterial, and viral infections in alcohol users. We have shown that alcohol causes increased permeability of mesenteric lymphatic vessels in alcohol-fed rats. The mechanisms of alcohol-induced lymphatic leakage are unknown. Endothelial cell monolayer permeability is controlled by junctional proteins complexes called tight junctions (TJ) and adherens junctions (AJ), and each can be regulated by MAPK activation. We hypothesize that ethanol induces lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) permeability via disruption of LEC TJ through MAPK activation. An in vitro model of rat LECs was used. Ethanol-supplemented medium was added at concentrations of 0, 25, and 50 mM to confluent cells. Resistance-based barrier function, transwell permeability, cell viability, TJ, AJ, and MAPK protein activity, TJ and AJ gene expressions, and the role of p38 MAPK in barrier function regulation were measured. Ethanol increased the permeability of LECs compared to controls that was not associated with decreased cell viability. LECs treated with 50 mM ethanol showed an increase in phosphorylated levels of p38. No significant changes in TJ and AJ gene or protein expressions were observed after ethanol treatment. p38 inhibition prevented ethanol-induced increases in permeability. These findings suggest that p38 may play a role in the regulation of ethanol-induced LEC permeability, but altered permeability may not be associated with decreased TJ or AJ protein expression. Further investigation into junctional protein localization is needed to better understand the effects of ethanol on lymphatic endothelial cell-to-cell contacts and hyperpermeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Herrera
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Patricia Molina
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Flavia M Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kubra KT, Barabutis N. Brefeldin A and kifunensine modulate LPS-induced lung endothelial hyperpermeability in human and bovine cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C214-C220. [PMID: 34161151 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00142.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial hyperpermeability is the hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Laborious efforts in the investigation of the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of the vascular barrier shall reveal novel therapeutic targets toward that respiratory disorder. Herein, we investigate in vitro the effects of the α-1,2-mannosidase 1 inhibitor kifunensine (KIF) and brefeldin A (BFA) in the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced endothelial breakdown. Our results suggest that BFA opposes the deteriorating effects of KIF [unfolded protein response (UPR) suppressor] toward the lung microvasculature. Since KIF is a UPR suppressor, and brefeldin A is a UPR inducer, we suggest that a carefully devised UPR manipulation may deliver novel therapeutic avenues in diseases related to endothelial barrier dysfunction (e.g., ARDS and sepsis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadeja-Tul Kubra
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Goel K, Beatman EL, Egersdorf N, Scruggs A, Cao D, Berdyshev EV, Schweitzer KS, Petrache I. Sphingosine 1 Phosphate (S1P) Receptor 1 Is Decreased in Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells of Smokers and Mediates S1P Effect on Autophagy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051200. [PMID: 34068927 PMCID: PMC8156252 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Destruction of alveoli by apoptosis induced by cigarette smoke (CS) is a major driver of emphysema pathogenesis. However, when compared to cells isolated from non-smokers, primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) isolated from chronic smokers are more resilient when exposed to apoptosis-inducing ceramide. Whether this adaptation restores homeostasis is unknown. To better understand the phenotype of HLMVEC in smokers, we interrogated a major pro-survival pathway supported by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling via S1P receptor 1 (S1P1). Primary HLMVECs from lungs of non-smoker or smoker donors were isolated and studied in culture for up to five passages. S1P1 mRNA and protein abundance were significantly decreased in HLMVECs from smokers compared to non-smokers. S1P1 was also decreased in situ in lungs of mice chronically exposed to CS. Levels of S1P1 expression tended to correlate with those of autophagy markers, and increasing S1P (via S1P lyase knockdown with siRNA) stimulated baseline macroautophagy with lysosomal degradation. In turn, loss of S1P1 (siRNA) inhibited these effects of S1P on HLMVECs autophagy. These findings suggest that the anti-apoptotic phenotype of HLMVECs from smokers may be maladaptive, since it is associated with decreased S1P1 expression that may impair their autophagic response to S1P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Goel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Erica L. Beatman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Nicholas Egersdorf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
| | - April Scruggs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Danting Cao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Evgeny V. Berdyshev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Kelly S. Schweitzer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (E.L.B.); (N.E.); (A.S.); (D.C.); (E.V.B.); (K.S.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-398-1355
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Karki P, Cha B, Zhang CO, Li Y, Ke Y, Promnares K, Kaibuchi K, Yoshimura A, Birukov KG, Birukova AA. Microtubule-dependent mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of SOCS1 in endothelial dysfunction and lung injury. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21388. [PMID: 33724556 PMCID: PMC10069762 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001477rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) provide negative regulation of inflammatory reaction. The role and precise cellular mechanisms of SOCS1 in control of endothelial dysfunction and barrier compromise associated with acute lung injury remain unexplored. Our results show that siRNA-mediated SOCS1 knockdown augmented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) permeability and enhanced inflammatory response. Consistent with in vitro data, EC-specific SOCS1 knockout mice developed more severe lung vascular leak and accumulation of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. SOCS1 overexpression exhibited protective effects against LPS-induced endothelial permeability and inflammation, which were dependent on microtubule (MT) integrity. Biochemical and image analysis of unstimulated EC showed SOCS1 association with the MT, while challenge with LPS or MT depolymerizing agent colchicine impaired this association. SOCS1 directly interacted with N2 domains of MT-associated proteins CLIP-170 and CLASP2. Furthermore, N-terminal region of SOCS1 was indispensable for these interactions and SOCS1-ΔN mutant lacking N-terminal 59 amino acids failed to rescue LPS-induced endothelial dysfunction. Depletion of endogenous CLIP-170 or CLASP2 abolished SOCS1 interaction with Toll-like receptor-4 and Janus kinase-2 leading to impairment of SOCS1 inhibitory effects on LPS-induced inflammation. Altogether, these findings suggest that endothelial barrier protective and anti-inflammatory effects of SOCS1 are critically dependent on its targeting to the MT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Boyoung Cha
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chen-Ou Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kamoltip Promnares
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang W, Chiu S, Querrey M, Liu X, Wu Q, Cerier E, Islam MBAR, Schwulst SJ, Budinger GRS, Mohanakumar T, Lecuona E, Bharat A. Nonclassical Monocytes Promote Edema in Lung Allografts from Traumatic Brain Injury Donors. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:391-394. [PMID: 33646091 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0137le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Yang
- Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois and
| | | | | | | | - Qiang Wu
- Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Maier-Begandt D, Comstra HS, Molina SA, Krüger N, Ruddiman CA, Chen YL, Chen X, Biwer LA, Johnstone SR, Lohman AW, Good ME, DeLalio LJ, Hong K, Bacon HM, Yan Z, Sonkusare SK, Koval M, Isakson BE. A venous-specific purinergic signaling cascade initiated by Pannexin 1 regulates TNFα-induced increases in endothelial permeability. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/672/eaba2940. [PMID: 33653920 PMCID: PMC8011850 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial cell barrier regulates the passage of fluid between the bloodstream and underlying tissues, and barrier function impairment exacerbates the severity of inflammatory insults. To understand how inflammation alters vessel permeability, we studied the effects of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα on transendothelial permeability and electrophysiology in ex vivo murine veins and arteries. We found that TNFα specifically decreased the barrier function of venous endothelium without affecting that of arterial endothelium. On the basis of RNA expression profiling and protein analysis, we found that claudin-11 (CLDN11) was the predominant claudin in venous endothelial cells and that there was little, if any, CLDN11 in arterial endothelial cells. Consistent with a difference in claudin composition, TNFα increased the permselectivity of Cl- over Na+ in venous but not arterial endothelium. The vein-specific effects of TNFα also required the activation of Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels and the CD39-mediated hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine, which subsequently stimulated A2A adenosine receptors. Moreover, the increase in vein permeability required the activation of the Ca2+ channel TRPV4 downstream of Panx1 activation. Panx1-deficient mice resisted the pathologic effects of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture on life span and lung vascular permeability. These data provide a targetable pathway with the potential to promote vein barrier function and prevent the deleterious effects of vascular leak in response to inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maier-Begandt
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, and Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Heather Skye Comstra
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Samuel A Molina
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nenja Krüger
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Institute of Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claire A Ruddiman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Lauren A Biwer
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Alexander W Lohman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Miranda E Good
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Leon J DeLalio
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Hannah M Bacon
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kaya-Sezginer E, Gur S. The Inflammation Network in the Pathogenesis of Erectile Dysfunction: Attractive Potential Therapeutic Targets. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3955-3972. [PMID: 32329680 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200424161018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an evolving health problem in the aging male population. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a critical component of ED pathogenesis and a probable intermediate stage of endothelial dysfunction, especially in metabolic diseases, with the inclusion of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. OBJECTIVE This review will present an overview of preclinical and clinical data regarding common inflammatory mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ED associated with metabolic diseases and the effect of antiinflammatory drugs on ED. METHODS A literature search of existing pre-clinical and clinical studies was performed on databases [Pubmed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Embase] from January 2000 to October 2019. RESULTS Low-grade inflammation is a possible pathological role in endothelial dysfunction as a consequence of ED and other related metabolic diseases. Increased inflammation and endothelial/prothrombotic markers can be associated with the presence and degree of ED. Pharmacological therapy and modification of lifestyle and risk factors may have a significant role in the recovery of erectile response through reduction of inflammatory marker levels. CONCLUSION Inflammation is the least common denominator in the pathology of ED and metabolic disorders. The inflammatory process of ED includes a shift in the complex interactions of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. These data have established that anti-inflammatory agents could be used as a therapeutic opportunity in the prevention and treatment of ED. Further research on inflammation-related mechanisms underlying ED and the effect of therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing inflammation is required for a better understanding of the pathogenesis and successful management of ED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Kaya-Sezginer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Gur
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Igarashi N, Honjo M, Kaburaki T, Aihara M. Effects of ROCK Inhibitors on Apoptosis of Corneal Endothelial Cells in CMV-Positive Posner-Schlossman Syndrome Patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:5. [PMID: 32749463 PMCID: PMC7441372 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.10.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the role of aqueous tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)–RhoA–Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling in cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced apoptosis and the barrier function of cultured human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs) in CMV-positive Posner–Schlossman syndrome (CMV+/PSS) patients. Methods Aqueous levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10, and several other cytokines in 19 CMV+/PSS patients and 20 healthy control subjects were quantitated using a multiplex assay. The expression of active RhoA in hCECs post-CMV infection was determined using western blotting (WB). The expression levels of TNF-α and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in CMV-infected hCECs were examined by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and WB with and without ROCK inhibitors. The apoptotic rate and barrier integrity in CMV-infected hCECs were also examined. Results The expression levels of TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-8, and IL-10 were upregulated in the aqueous humor of CMV+/PSS patients, and among these upregulated cytokines aqueous TNF-α was negatively correlated with the number of corneal endothelial cells. In CMV-infected hCECs, upregulation of TNF-α and NF-κB was determined by WB and ICC. In hCECs, CMV infection induced apoptosis and significantly impaired cell–cell contacts, effects that were attenuated by treatment with a ROCK inhibitor. Conclusions Aqueous TNF-α was upregulated in CMV+/PSS patients, which may have triggered corneal endothelial cell loss. Modulation of TNF-α, including its downstream Rho–ROCK signaling, could serve as a novel treatment modality for corneal endothelial cell loss in CMV+/PSS patients.
Collapse
|
35
|
Karki P, Ke Y, Zhang CO, Li Y, Tian Y, Son S, Yoshimura A, Kaibuchi K, Birukov KG, Birukova AA. SOCS3-microtubule interaction via CLIP-170 and CLASP2 is critical for modulation of endothelial inflammation and lung injury. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100239. [PMID: 33372035 PMCID: PMC7949054 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 induce endothelial cell (EC) barrier disruption and trigger an inflammatory response in part by activating the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. The protein suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) is a negative regulator of JAK-STAT, but its role in modulation of lung EC barrier dysfunction caused by bacterial pathogens has not been investigated. Using human lung ECs and EC-specific SOCS3 knockout mice, we tested the hypothesis that SOCS3 confers microtubule (MT)-mediated protection against endothelial dysfunction. SOCS3 knockdown in cultured ECs or EC-specific SOCS3 knockout in mice resulted in exacerbated lung injury characterized by increased permeability and inflammation in response to IL-6 or heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSA). Ectopic expression of SOCS3 attenuated HKSA-induced EC dysfunction, and this effect required assembled MTs. SOCS3 was enriched in the MT fractions, and treatment with HKSA disrupted SOCS3-MT association. We discovered that-in addition to its known partners gp130 and JAK2-SOCS3 interacts with MT plus-end binding proteins CLIP-170 and CLASP2 via its N-terminal domain. The resulting SOCS3-CLIP-170/CLASP2 complex was essential for maximal SOCS3 anti-inflammatory effects. Both IL-6 and HKSA promoted MT disassembly and disrupted SOCS3 interaction with CLIP-170 and CLASP2. Moreover, knockdown of CLIP-170 or CLASP2 impaired SOCS3-JAK2 interaction and abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of SOCS3. Together, these findings demonstrate for the first time an interaction between SOCS3 and CLIP-170/CLASP2 and reveal that this interaction is essential to the protective effects of SOCS3 in lung endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen-Ou Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sophia Son
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ellison-Hughes GM, Colley L, O'Brien KA, Roberts KA, Agbaedeng TA, Ross MD. The Role of MSC Therapy in Attenuating the Damaging Effects of the Cytokine Storm Induced by COVID-19 on the Heart and Cardiovascular System. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:602183. [PMID: 33363221 PMCID: PMC7756089 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.602183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to 47 m infected cases and 1. 2 m (2.6%) deaths. A hallmark of more severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) appears to be a virally-induced over-activation or unregulated response of the immune system, termed a "cytokine storm," featuring elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-22, CXCL10, and TNFα. Whilst the lungs are the primary site of infection for SARS-CoV-2, in more severe cases its effects can be detected in multiple organ systems. Indeed, many COVID-19 positive patients develop cardiovascular complications, such as myocardial injury, myocarditis, cardiac arrhythmia, and thromboembolism, which are associated with higher mortality. Drug and cell therapies targeting immunosuppression have been suggested to help combat the cytokine storm. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), owing to their powerful immunomodulatory ability, have shown promise in early clinical studies to avoid, prevent or attenuate the cytokine storm. In this review, we will discuss the mechanistic underpinnings of the cytokine storm on the cardiovascular system, and how MSCs potentially attenuate the damage caused by the cytokine storm induced by COVID-19. We will also address how MSC transplantation could alleviate the long-term complications seen in some COVID-19 patients, such as improving tissue repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M. Ellison-Hughes
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Colley
- School of Sport, Health, and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Katie A. O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty A. Roberts
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Agbaedeng
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark D. Ross
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Garrido-Suárez BB, Garrido G, Castro-Labrada M, Merino N, Valdés O, Pardo Z, Ochoa-Rodríguez E, Verdecia-Reyes Y, Delgado-Hernández R, Godoy-Figueiredo J, Ferreira SH. Anti-hypernociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of JM-20: A novel hybrid neuroprotective compound. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:185-197. [PMID: 33096198 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the possible effect of the novel hybrid molecule JM-20 (3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-411-dihydro-1H-pyrido[2,3-b] [1,5] benzodiazepine) on pain-related behaviours in a persistent pain model (5% formalin test) and in the neutrophil migration events during the inflammatory process. It further introduces JM-20 in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model to clarify the possible subjacent mechanisms with its consequent clinical relevance. A single administration of JM-20 (20 or 40 mg/kg, per os [p.o.]) decreased licking/biting exclusively in the tonic phase of the formalin test in a GABA/benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor antagonist flumazenil-sensitive manner. JM-20 reduced in vivo neutrophil migration, rolling and adhesion to the endothelium induced by intraperitoneal administration of carrageenan in mice. In addition, plasma extravasation and tumour necrosis factor alpha production in the peritoneal fluid were decreased. Treatment with JM-20 (20 mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 days after CCI reduced mechanical hypersensitivity in a NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA)/methylene blue/glibenclamide-sensitive manner. Histopathological signs of Wallerian degeneration (WD) of the sciatic nerve were also attenuated, as well as interleukin-1 beta release in the spinal cord. The nitrate/nitrite concentration was increased centrally and did not show differences at the peripheral nerve level. The findings of this study suggest JM-20 can decrease persistent pain. A transient activity of its BDZ portion on nociceptive pathways mediated by GABA/BDZ receptors in association with its anti-inflammatory properties could be at least partially involved in this effect. JM-20 decreased CCI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity via the l-arginine/nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP-sensitive ATP-sensitive potassium channel pathway. Its neuroprotective ability by preventing WD could be implicated in its anti-neuropathic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara B Garrido-Suárez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP, 10600, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Gabino Garrido
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio Ñ3, Universidad Católica del Norte, Angamos, 0610, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Marian Castro-Labrada
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP, 10600, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Nelson Merino
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP, 10600, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Odalys Valdés
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP, 10600, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Zenia Pardo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP, 10600, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Estael Ochoa-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica de La Facultad de Química de La Universidad de La Habana, Zapata s/n entre G y Carlitos Aguirre, Vedado Plaza de la Revolución, CP, 10400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Yamila Verdecia-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica de La Facultad de Química de La Universidad de La Habana, Zapata s/n entre G y Carlitos Aguirre, Vedado Plaza de la Revolución, CP, 10400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - René Delgado-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave 26, No. 1605 Boyeros y Puentes Grandes, CP, 10600, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Jozi Godoy-Figueiredo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio H Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang C, Chen H, He Q, Luo Y, He A, Tao A, Yan J. Fibrinogen/AKT/Microfilament Axis Promotes Colitis by Enhancing Vascular Permeability. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:683-696. [PMID: 33075564 PMCID: PMC7843406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Increased vascular permeability (VP) has been indicated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the pathological causes of increased intestinal VP in IBD remain largely unknown. METHOD Fibrinogen level was measured in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and patients with ulcerative colitis. Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro acetate (GPRP), an Fg inhibitor, was used to detect the effect of Fg inhibition on the pathogenesis of DSS-induced colitis, as indicated by tissue damage, cytokine release and inflammatory cell infiltration. Miles assay was used to detect vascular permeability. RESULTS Through tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics, fibrinogen (Fg) was found to be upregulated in the colon of DSS-treated mice, which was consistent with increased Fg level in colon sample of patients with ulcerative colitis. Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro acetate (GPRP), an Fg inhibitor, significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis as indicated by improvement of body weight loss and mortality. GPRP decreased colonic inflammation and VP in DSS-treated mice. In vivo, Fg enhanced VP as indicated by Miles assay, which was significantly inhibited by GRPR, AKT (serine/threonine kinase 1) inhibitors and low doses of Jasplakinolide which induced actin polymerization, while was dramatically enhanced by Cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor). Moreover, activation of AKT was found in vessels of DSS-treated mice. In vitro, Fg induced activation of AKT and depolymerization of microfilament and promoted cell-to-cell disaggregation. Furthermore, inhibition of AKT decreased Fg-induced microfilament depolymerization. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of Fg in regulating colitis by modulation of VP via activating AKT and subsequent depolymerization of microfilament and suggest Fg as an attractive target for anti-colitis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Honglv Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andong He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ailin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Ailin Tao, PhD, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China. fax: 86-020-34153520.
| | - Jie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Jie Yan, PhD, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Street, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510260, China. fax: 86-020-34153520
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hanchard J, Capó-Vélez CM, Deusch K, Lidington D, Bolz SS. Stabilizing Cellular Barriers: Raising the Shields Against COVID-19. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:583006. [PMID: 33101215 PMCID: PMC7554589 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.583006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its clinical manifestation (COVID-19; coronavirus disease 2019) have caused a worldwide health crisis. Disruption of epithelial and endothelial barriers is a key clinical turning point that differentiates patients who are likely to develop severe COVID-19 outcomes: it marks a significant escalation in respiratory symptoms, loss of viral containment and a progression toward multi-organ dysfunction. These barrier mechanisms are independently compromised by known COVID-19 risk factors, including diabetes, obesity and aging: thus, a synergism between these underlying conditions and SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms may explain why these risk factors correlate with more severe outcomes. This review examines the key cellular mechanisms that SARS-CoV-2 and its underlying risk factors utilize to disrupt barrier function. As an outlook, we propose that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) may be a therapeutic intervention that can slow COVID-19 progression and improve clinical outcome following SARS-CoV-2 infection. GLP-1 signaling activates barrier-promoting processes that directly oppose the pro-inflammatory mechanisms commandeered by SARS-CoV-2 and its underlying risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hanchard
- Aphaia Pharma AG, Zug, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Darcy Lidington
- Aphaia Pharma AG, Zug, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
- Aphaia Pharma AG, Zug, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lu H, Merfeld-Clauss S, Jawed Y, March KL, Coleman ME, Bogatcheva NV. Distinct Factors Secreted by Adipose Stromal Cells Protect the Endothelium From Barrier Dysfunction and Apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:584653. [PMID: 33102487 PMCID: PMC7554254 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that adipose stromal cell (ASC)-derived conditioned media (CM) limited lung injury, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and apoptosis. Here, we used endothelial hyperpermeability and apoptosis assays to investigate how concentration processes affect endothelium-directed bioactivity of ASC-CM and to gain information on the nature of bioactive factors. Comparison of ASC-CM concentrated with differential molecular weight (MW) cutoff filters showed that endothelial barrier protection depended on the species-specific factors in ASC-CM fractionated with MW > 50 kDa. Known barrier regulators-keratin growth factor (KGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-were detected in ASC-CM fraction of > 100 kDa. Pretreatment of endothelial monolayers with concentrations of KGF, VEGF, and HGF detected in ASC-CM showed that only KGF and HGF protect the endothelium from barrier dysfunction. Depletion of KGF and HGF from ASC-CM attenuated ASC-CM's ability to protect the endothelial barrier. In contrast to barrier-protective factors, apoptosis-protective factors fractionated with MW < 3 kDa and were not species-specific. Application of donors of apoptosis-mitigating gases showed that the CO donor carbon monoxide-releasing molecule 2 (CORM2) protected the endothelium from apoptosis, while the H2S donor NaSH did not. Knockdown of CO-generating heme oxygenase 1 in ASC attenuated ASC-CM's ability to protect the endothelium from apoptosis. We have shown that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced apoptosis in endothelium is c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent, and JNK activation is inhibited by ASC-CM pretreatment of endothelial cells. ASC-CM from heme oxygenase 1-depleted ASC displayed attenuated ability to suppress endothelial JNK activation, suggesting that CO-mediated protection of the endothelium from apoptosis is achieved by the downregulation of the JNK pathway. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the concentration of ASC-CM with low MW cutoff filters significantly reduces its anti-apoptotic activity while preserving its barrier-protective activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine and Vascular and Cardiac Adult Stem Cell Therapy Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Roudebush Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Stephanie Merfeld-Clauss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine and Vascular and Cardiac Adult Stem Cell Therapy Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Roudebush Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yameena Jawed
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine and Vascular and Cardiac Adult Stem Cell Therapy Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Roudebush Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Keith L March
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine and Vascular and Cardiac Adult Stem Cell Therapy Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Roudebush Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Natalia V Bogatcheva
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine and Vascular and Cardiac Adult Stem Cell Therapy Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Roudebush Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Eisenhut M, Shin JI. Pathways in the Pathophysiology of Coronavirus 19 Lung Disease Accessible to Prevention and Treatment. Front Physiol 2020; 11:872. [PMID: 32922301 PMCID: PMC7457053 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In COVID 19 related lung disease, which is a leading cause of death from this disease, cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) may be pivotal in the pathogenesis. TNF alpha reduces fluid absorption due to impairment of sodium and chloride transport required for building an osmotic gradient across epithelial cells, which in the airways maintains airway surface liquid helping to keep airways open and enabling bacterial clearance and aids water absorption from the alveolar spaces. TNF alpha can, through Rho-kinase, disintegrate the endothelial and epithelial cytoskeleton, and thus break up intercellular tight junctional proteins, breaching the intercellular barrier, which prevents flooding of the interstitial and alveolar spaces with fluid. Hypotheses: (1) Preservation and restoration of airway and alveolar epithelial sodium and chloride transport and the cytoskeleton dependent integrity of the cell barriers within the lung can prevent and treat COVID 19 lung disease. (2) TNF alpha is the key mediator of pulmonary edema in COVID 19 lung disease. Confirmation of hypothesis and implications: The role of a reduction in the function of epithelial sodium and chloride transport could with regards to chloride transport be tested by analysis of chloride levels in exhaled breath condensate and levels correlated with TNF alpha concentrations. Reduced levels would indicate a reduction of the function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel and a correlation with TNF alpha levels indicative of its involvement. Anti-TNF alpha treatment with antibodies is already available and needs to be tested in randomized controlled trials of COVID 19 lung disease. TNF alpha levels could also be reduced by statins, aspirin, and curcumin. Chloride transport could be facilitated by CFTR activators, including curcumin and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Sodium and chloride transport could be further regulated to prevent accumulation of alveolar fluid by use of Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransporter type 1 inhibitors, which have been associated with improved outcome in adults ventilated for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in randomized controlled trials. Primary prevention of coronavirus infection and TNF alpha release in response to it could be improved by induction of antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and human beta defensin-2 and reduction of TNF alpha production by vitamin D prophylaxis for the population as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eisenhut
- Children's & Adolescent Services, Luton & Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Malhotra P, Akku R, Jayaprakash TP, Ogbue OD, Khan S. A Review of the Impact of Smoking on Inhaled Insulin: Would You Stop Smoking if Insulin Can Be Inhaled? Cureus 2020; 12:e9364. [PMID: 32850233 PMCID: PMC7445000 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High prevalence of diabetes and the need for tight glycemic control have been well established. With the invention of inhaled insulin, an alternate route has been explored and shows great promise. Inhaled insulin shows a similar physiologic response to subcutaneous insulin, with a faster onset of action, making it suitable for post-prandial hyperglycemia. This comes as a great relief, especially to those who are hesitant to use multiple injections in a day. Many factors affect insulin absorption, including device, particle size, airway patency. Another essential factor is smoking, which is prevalent among people with diabetes, as is in the non-diabetic population. Smoking increases the absorption of inhaled insulin, but it is not a straight fact, since acute smoking, passive smoking, chronic smoking - all have different effects on inhaled insulin. Furthermore, inhaled insulin is also affected by lung diseases. Most studies that have been conducted have included limited populations, thus questioning their generalisability. The studies from inception till 2020 have shown increased permeability of epithelial with acute smoking, change of epithelial layer back to normal after few weeks of smoking cessation, and reverting to chronic smoker levels with just one to two days of start in smoking. Data also suggests that smoking causes a reduction in insulin sensitivity, which could compensate for its increased absorption. Nicotine causes a decrease in the absorption of subcutaneous insulin, but its effect has not been seen on inhaled insulin. More studies, including diabetic smoker patients, need to be performed to give a specific set of variables. This would also add another reason to encourage smokers to quit smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Malhotra
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Internal Medicine, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Ludhiana, IND
| | - Radhika Akku
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Olisaemeka D Ogbue
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Safeera Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lucas R, Hadizamani Y, Gonzales J, Gorshkov B, Bodmer T, Berthiaume Y, Moehrlen U, Lode H, Huwer H, Hudel M, Mraheil MA, Toque HAF, Chakraborty T, Hamacher J. Impact of Bacterial Toxins in the Lungs. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040223. [PMID: 32252376 PMCID: PMC7232160 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial toxins play a key role in the pathogenesis of lung disease. Based on their structural and functional properties, they employ various strategies to modulate lung barrier function and to impair host defense in order to promote infection. Although in general, these toxins target common cellular signaling pathways and host compartments, toxin- and cell-specific effects have also been reported. Toxins can affect resident pulmonary cells involved in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and barrier function through impairing vectorial Na+ transport and through cytoskeletal collapse, as such, destroying cell-cell adhesions. The resulting loss of alveolar-capillary barrier integrity and fluid clearance capacity will induce capillary leak and foster edema formation, which will in turn impair gas exchange and endanger the survival of the host. Toxins modulate or neutralize protective host cell mechanisms of both the innate and adaptive immunity response during chronic infection. In particular, toxins can either recruit or kill central players of the lung's innate immune responses to pathogenic attacks, i.e., alveolar macrophages (AMs) and neutrophils. Pulmonary disorders resulting from these toxin actions include, e.g., acute lung injury (ALI), the acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), and severe pneumonia. When acute infection converts to persistence, i.e., colonization and chronic infection, lung diseases, such as bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) can arise. The aim of this review is to discuss the impact of bacterial toxins in the lungs and the resulting outcomes for pathogenesis, their roles in promoting bacterial dissemination, and bacterial survival in disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Lucas
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (J.H.); Tel.: +41-31-300-35-00 (J.H.)
| | - Yalda Hadizamani
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joyce Gonzales
- Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Boris Gorshkov
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Thomas Bodmer
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Waldeggstr. 37 CH-3097 Liebefeld, Switzerland;
| | - Yves Berthiaume
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Ueli Moehrlen
- Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital, Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zürch, Switzerland;
| | - Hartmut Lode
- Insitut für klinische Pharmakologie, Charité, Universitätsklinikum Berlin, Reichsstrasse 2, D-14052 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Hanno Huwer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Voelklingen Heart Center, 66333 Voelklingen/Saar, Germany;
| | - Martina Hudel
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Mobarak Abu Mraheil
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Haroldo Alfredo Flores Toque
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Jürg Hamacher
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Medical Clinic V-Pneumology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, University Medical Centre of the Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (J.H.); Tel.: +41-31-300-35-00 (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bar-Or D, Thomas G, Rael LT, Frederick E, Hausburg M, Bar-Or R, Brody E. On the Mechanisms of Action of the Low Molecular Weight Fraction of Commercial Human Serum Albumin in Osteoarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2020; 15:189-200. [PMID: 30451114 PMCID: PMC6791032 DOI: 10.2174/1573397114666181119121519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The low molecular weight fraction of commercial human serum albumin (LMWF5A) has been shown to successfully relieve pain and inflammation in severe osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK). LMWF5A contains at least three active components that could account for these antiinflammatory and analgesic effects. We summarize in vitro experiments in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, monocytic cell lines, chondrocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and endothelial cells on the biochemistry of anti-inflammatory changes induced by LMWF5A. We then look at four of the major pathways that cut across cell-type considerations to examine which biochemical reactions are affected by mTOR, COX-2, CD36, and AhR pathways. All three components show anti-inflammatory activities in at least some of the cell types. The in vitro experiments show that the effects of LMWF5A in chondrocytes and bone marrow- derived stem cells in particular, coupled with recent data from previous clinical trials of single and multiple injections of LMWF5A into OAK patients demonstrated improvements in pain, function, and Patient Global Assessment (PGA), as well as high responder rates that could be attributed to the multiple mechanism of action (MOA) pathways are summarized here. In vitro and in vivo data are highly suggestive of LMWF5A being a disease-modifying drug for OAK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Bar-Or
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Avenue, Englewood, CO 80113, United States.,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 1600 W. 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Medical City Plano, 3901 W. 15th Street, Plano, TX 75075, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N. Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Research Medical Center, 2315 E. Meyer Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64132, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Wesley Medical Center, 550 N. Hillside Street, Witchita, KS 67214, United States.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 373 Inverness Parkway, #200, Englewood, CO 80112, United States
| | - Gregory Thomas
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Avenue, Englewood, CO 80113, United States.,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 1600 W. 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Medical City Plano, 3901 W. 15th Street, Plano, TX 75075, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N. Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Research Medical Center, 2315 E. Meyer Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64132, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Wesley Medical Center, 550 N. Hillside Street, Witchita, KS 67214, United States.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 373 Inverness Parkway, #200, Englewood, CO 80112, United States
| | - Leonard T Rael
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Avenue, Englewood, CO 80113, United States.,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 1600 W. 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Medical City Plano, 3901 W. 15th Street, Plano, TX 75075, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N. Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Research Medical Center, 2315 E. Meyer Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64132, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Wesley Medical Center, 550 N. Hillside Street, Witchita, KS 67214, United States
| | - Elizabeth Frederick
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Avenue, Englewood, CO 80113, United States.,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 1600 W. 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Medical City Plano, 3901 W. 15th Street, Plano, TX 75075, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N. Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Research Medical Center, 2315 E. Meyer Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64132, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Wesley Medical Center, 550 N. Hillside Street, Witchita, KS 67214, United States.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 373 Inverness Parkway, #200, Englewood, CO 80112, United States
| | - Melissa Hausburg
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Avenue, Englewood, CO 80113, United States.,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 1600 W. 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Medical City Plano, 3901 W. 15th Street, Plano, TX 75075, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N. Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Research Medical Center, 2315 E. Meyer Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64132, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Wesley Medical Center, 550 N. Hillside Street, Witchita, KS 67214, United States
| | - Raphael Bar-Or
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Avenue, Englewood, CO 80113, United States.,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 1600 W. 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Medical City Plano, 3901 W. 15th Street, Plano, TX 75075, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N. Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Research Medical Center, 2315 E. Meyer Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64132, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Wesley Medical Center, 550 N. Hillside Street, Witchita, KS 67214, United States.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 373 Inverness Parkway, #200, Englewood, CO 80112, United States
| | - Edward Brody
- SomaLogic, Inc., 2945 Wilderness Place, Boulder, CO 80301, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hemoglobin oxidation generates globin-derived peptides in atherosclerotic lesions and intraventricular hemorrhage of the brain, provoking endothelial dysfunction. J Transl Med 2020; 100:986-1002. [PMID: 32054994 PMCID: PMC7311325 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysis of red blood cells was shown to occur in human ruptured atherosclerotic lesions and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of the brain. Liberated cell-free hemoglobin was found to undergo oxidation in both pathologies. We hypothesize that hemoglobin-derived peptides are generated during hemoglobin oxidation both in complicated atherosclerotic lesions and IVH of the brain, triggering endothelial cell dysfunction. Oxidized hemoglobin and its products were followed with spectrophotometry, LC-MS/MS analysis and detection of the cross-linking of globin chains in complicated atherosclerotic lesions of the human carotid artery and the hemorrhaged cerebrospinal liquid of preterm infants. The vascular pathophysiologic role of oxidized hemoglobin and the resultant peptides was assessed by measuring endothelial integrity, the activation of endothelial cells and the induction of proinflammatory genes. Peptide fragments of hemoglobin (VNVDEVGGEALGRLLVVYPWTQR, LLVVYPWTQR, MFLSFPTTK, VGAHAGEYGAELERMFLSFPTTK, and FLASVSTVLTSKYR) were identified in ruptured atherosclerotic lesions and in IVH of the human brain. Fragments resulting from the oxidation of hemoglobin were accompanied by the accumulation of ferryl hemoglobin. Similar to complicated atherosclerotic lesions of the human carotid artery, a high level of oxidized and cross-linked hemoglobin was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid after IVH. Haptoglobin inhibited hemoglobin fragmentation provoked by peroxide. The resultant peptides failed to bind haptoglobin or albumin. Peptides derived from hemoglobin oxidation and ferryl hemoglobin induced intercellular gap formation, decreased junctional resistance in the endothelium, and enhanced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Enhanced expression of TNF and the activation of NLRP3 and CASP1 followed by the increased generation of IL-1β and nuclear translocation of the NF-κβ transcription factor occurred in response to hemoglobin-derived peptides, and ferryl hemoglobin in endothelium was upregulated in both pathologies. We conclude that the oxidation of hemoglobin in complicated atherosclerotic lesions and intraventricular hemorrhage of the brain generates peptide fragments and ferryl hemoglobin with the potential to trigger endothelial cell dysfunction.
Collapse
|
46
|
Munjal A, Khandia R. Atherosclerosis: orchestrating cells and biomolecules involved in its activation and inhibition. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 120:85-122. [PMID: 32085889 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The term atherosclerosis refers to the condition of deposition of lipids and other substances in and on the artery walls, called as plaque that restricts the normal blood flow. The plaque may be stable or unstable in nature. Unstable plaque can burst and trigger clot formation adding further adversities. The process of plaque formation involves various stages including fatty streak, intermediate or fibro-fatty lesion and advanced lesion. The cells participating in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque include endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), monocytes, monocytes derived macrophages, macrophages and dendritic cells and regulatory T cells (TREG). The role of a variety of cytokines and chemokines have been studied which either help in progression of atherosclerotic plaque or vice versa. The cytokines involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation include IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, IL-20, IL-25, IL-27, IL-33, IL-37, TNF-α, TGF-β and IFN-γ; whereas amongst the chemokines (family of small cytokines) are CCL2, CCL3, CXCL4, CCL5, CXCL1, CX3CL1, CCL17, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL20, CCL19 and CCL21 and macrophage migration-inhibitory factor. These are involved in the atherosclerosis advancements, whereas the chemokine CXCL12 is play atheroprotective roles. Apart this, contradictory functions have been documented for few other chemokines such as CXCL16. Since the cytokines and chemokines are amongst the key molecules involved in orchestrating the atherosclerosis advancements, targeting them might be an effective strategy to encumber the atherosclerotic progression. Blockage of cytokines and chemokines via the means of broad-spectrum inhibitors, neutralizing antibodies, usage of decoy receptors or RNA interference have been proved to be useful intervention against atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, MP, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rommel MGE, Milde C, Eberle R, Schulze H, Modlich U. Endothelial-platelet interactions in influenza-induced pneumonia: A potential therapeutic target. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 49:606-619. [PMID: 31793053 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Every year, influenza viruses spread around the world, infecting the respiratory systems of countless humans and animals, causing illness and even death. Severe influenza infection is associated with pulmonary epithelial damage and endothelial dysfunction leading to acute lung injury (ALI). There is evidence that an aggressive cytokine storm and cell damage in lung capillaries as well as endothelial/platelet interactions contribute to vascular leakage, pro-thrombotic milieu and infiltration of immune effector cells. To date, treatments for ALI caused by influenza are limited to antiviral drugs, active ventilation or further symptomatic treatments. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of influenza-mediated pathogenesis, permissive animal models and histopathological changes of lung tissue in both mice and men and compare it with histological and electron microscopic data from our own group. We highlight the molecular and cellular interactions between pulmonary endothelium and platelets in homeostasis and influenza-induced pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss novel therapeutic targets on platelets/endothelial interaction to reduce or resolve ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel G E Rommel
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Christian Milde
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Regina Eberle
- Department of Morphology, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ute Modlich
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Influenza viruses infect the upper respiratory system, causing usually a self-limited disease with mild respiratory symptoms. Acute lung injury, pulmonary microvascular leakage and cardiovascular collapse may occur in severe cases, usually in the elderly or in immunocompromised patients. Acute lung injury is a syndrome associated with pulmonary oedema, hypoxaemia and respiratory failure. Influenza virus primarily binds to the epithelium, interfering with the epithelial sodium channel function. However, the main clinical devastating effects are caused by endothelial dysfunction, thought to be the main mechanism leading to pulmonary oedema, respiratory failure and cardiovascular collapse. A significant association was found between influenza infection and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The incidence of admission due to AMI during an acute viral infection was six times as high during the 7 days after laboratory confirmation of influenza infection as during the control interval (10-fold in influenza B, 5-fold in influenza A, 3.5-fold in respiratory syncytial virus and 2.7-fold for all other viruses). Our review will focus on the mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction during influenza infection leading to cardiovascular collapse and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Peretz
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
| | - M Azrad
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
| | - A Blum
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
- Vascular and Regenerative Research Laboratory, Bar-Ilan University, Galilee, Safed, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cigarette Smoke Induced Lung Barrier Dysfunction, EMT, and Tissue Remodeling: A Possible Link between COPD and Lung Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2025636. [PMID: 31341890 PMCID: PMC6613007 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2025636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer, closely related to smoking, are major lung diseases affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The generated gas mixture of smoking is proved to contain about 4,500 components such as carbon monoxide, nicotine, oxidants, fine particulate matter, and aldehydes. These components were considered to be the principle factor driving the pathogenesis and progression of pulmonary disease. A large proportion of lung cancer patients showed a history of COPD, which demonstrated that there might be a close relationship between COPD and lung cancer. In the early stages of smoking, lung barrier provoked protective response and DNA repair are likely to suppress these changes to a certain extent. In the presence of long-term smoking exposure, these mechanisms seem to be malfunctioned and lead to disease progression. The infiltration of inflammatory cells to mucosa, submucosa, and glandular tissue caused by inhaled cigarette smoke is responsible for the destruction of matrix, blood supply shortage, and epithelial cell death. Conversely, cancer cells have the capacity to modulate the proliferation of epithelial cells and produce of new vascular networks. Comprehension understanding of mechanisms responsible for both pathologies is necessary for the prevention and treatment of COPD and lung cancer. In this review, we will summarize related articles and give a glance of possible mechanism between cigarette smoking induced COPD and lung cancer.
Collapse
|
50
|
Deredge D, Wintrode PL, Tulapurkar ME, Nagarsekar A, Zhang Y, Weber DJ, Shapiro P, Hasday JD. A temperature-dependent conformational shift in p38α MAPK substrate-binding region associated with changes in substrate phosphorylation profile. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12624-12637. [PMID: 31213525 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Febrile-range hyperthermia worsens and hypothermia mitigates lung injury, and temperature dependence of lung injury is blunted by inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Of the two predominant p38 isoforms, p38α is proinflammatory and p38β is cytoprotective. Here, we analyzed the temperature dependence of p38 MAPK activation, substrate interaction, and tertiary structure. Incubating HeLa cells at 39.5 °C stimulated modest p38 activation, but did not alter tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced p38 activation. In in vitro kinase assays containing activated p38α and MAPK-activated kinase-2 (MK2), MK2 phosphorylation was 14.5-fold greater at 39.5 °C than at 33 °C. By comparison, we observed only 3.1- and 1.9-fold differences for activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1α (STAT1α) and a 7.7-fold difference for p38β phosphorylation of MK2. The temperature dependence of p38α:substrate binding affinity, as measured by surface plasmon resonance, paralleled substrate phosphorylation. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS (HDX-MS) of p38α performed at 33, 37, and 39.5 °C indicated temperature-dependent conformational changes in an α helix near the common docking and glutamate:aspartate substrate-binding domains at the known binding site for MK2. In contrast, HDX-MS analysis of p38β did not detect significant temperature-dependent conformational changes in this region. We observed no conformational changes in the catalytic domain of either isoform and no corresponding temperature dependence in the C-terminal p38α-interacting region of MK2. Because MK2 participates in the pathogenesis of lung injury, the observed changes in the structure and function of proinflammatory p38α may contribute to the temperature dependence of acute lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Deredge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Patrick L Wintrode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Mohan E Tulapurkar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Ashish Nagarsekar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - David J Weber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Jeffrey D Hasday
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 .,Medicine and Research Services, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| |
Collapse
|