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Zhang J, Yang Y, Al-Ahmady ZS, Du W, Duan J, Liao Z, Sun Q, Wei Z, Hua J. Maternal exposure to PM 2.5 induces cognitive impairment in offspring via cerebellar neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114425. [PMID: 38321695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Available evidence suggest that exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy is associated with reduced cognitive function in offspring. This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to PM2.5 on offspring cognitive function and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In this work, pregnant C57BL/6 female mice were exposed to concentrated ambient PM2.5 or filtered air from day 0.5 (=vaginal plug) to day 15.5 in the Shanghai Meteorological and Environmental Animal Exposure System, and offspring cerebellar tissues were collected on embryonic day 15.5, as well as postnatal days 0, 10 and 42. The mean PM2.5 concentrations exposed to the pregnant mice were 73.06 ± 4.90 μg/m3 and 11.15 ± 2.71 μg/m3 in the concentrated ambient PM2.5 and filtered air chambers, respectively. Maternal concentrated PM2.5 exposure was negatively correlated with offspring spatial memory significantly as assessed by the Morris water maze. Compared with the filtered air group, PM2.5-exposed offspring mice had reduced cerebellar microglia. Both RNA and protein levels of IL-8 and TNF-α were elevated in the concentrated ambient PM2.5 group. PM2.5 exposure increased the level of 8-OHG in miRNA of microglia and Purkinje cells in 6-week-old offspring. The level of prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2Aα) in the cerebellum was increased at different growing stages of offspring after gestational exposure of PM2.5. These results suggested that maternal air pollution exposure might cause inflammatory damage and oxidative stress to the cerebellum, contributing to reduced cognitive performance in mice offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zahraa S Al-Ahmady
- Pharmacology Department, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom; Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Wenchong Du
- NTU Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 1BU, United Kingdom
| | - Jinjin Duan
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, the Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qinghua Sun
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jing Hua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Ivonin AG, Smirnova SL, Roshchevskaya IM. Body Surface Potential Mapping during Ventricular Depolarization in Rats after Acute Exhaustive Exercise. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:S0066-782X2022005014203. [PMID: 36102423 PMCID: PMC9750213 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20211058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exhaustive physical exercise can cause substantial changes in the electrical properties of the myocardium. OBJECTIVE To evaluate, using body surface potential mapping, the electrical activity of the heart in rats during ventricular depolarization after acute exhaustive exercise. METHODS Twelve-week-old male rats were submitted to acute treadmill exercise at 36 m/min until exhaustion. Unipolar electrocardiograms (ECGs) from the torso surface were recorded in zoletil-anesthetized rats three to five days before (Pre-Ex), 5 and 10 minutes after exhaustive exercise (Post-Ex 5 and Post-Ex 10, respectively) simultaneously with ECGs in limb leads. The instantaneous body surface potential maps (BSPMs) were analyzed during ventricular depolarization. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Compared with Pre-Ex, an early completion of the second inversion of potential distributions, an early completion of ventricular depolarization, as well as a decrease in the duration of the middle phase and the total duration of ventricular depolarization on BSPMs were revealed at Post-Ex 5. Also, compared with Pre-Ex, an increase in the amplitude of negative BSPM extremum at the R-wave peak on the ECG in lead II (RII-peak) and a decrease in the amplitude of negative BSPM extremum at 3 and 4 ms after RII-peak were showed at Post-Ex 5. At Post-Ex 10, parameters of BSPMs did not differ from those at Pre-Ex. CONCLUSION In rats, acute exhaustive exercise causes reversible changes in the temporal and amplitude characteristics of BSPMs during ventricular depolarization, most likely related to alterations in the excitation of the main mass of the ventricular myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey G. Ivonin
- Department of Comparative CardiologyKomi Scientific Centre of the Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarFederação Russa Department of Comparative Cardiology – Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Syktyvkar – Federação Russa
| | - Svetlana L. Smirnova
- Department of Comparative CardiologyKomi Scientific Centre of the Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarFederação Russa Department of Comparative Cardiology – Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Syktyvkar – Federação Russa
| | - Irina M. Roshchevskaya
- Department of Comparative CardiologyKomi Scientific Centre of the Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarFederação Russa Department of Comparative Cardiology – Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Syktyvkar – Federação Russa
- Laboratory of Pharmacological ScreeningResearch Zakusov Institute of PharmacologyMoscowFederação Russa Laboratory of Pharmacological Screening – Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology , Moscow – Federação Russa
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3
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Ivonin AG, Smirnova SL, Roshchevskaya IM. Heart Electrical Activity during Ventricular Repolarization in Rats after Acute Exhaustive Treadmill Running. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022050313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Chen H, Zhang S, Yu B, Xu Y, Rappold AG, Diaz-Sanchez D, Samet JM, Tong H. Circulating microRNAs as putative mediators in the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cardiovascular biomarkers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113604. [PMID: 35576800 PMCID: PMC9167781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) may mediate cardiovascular effects of exposure to air pollution. This study aims to investigate whether circulating miRNAs mediate the associations between short-term human exposure to ambient air pollution and cardiovascular biomarkers. METHODS Twenty-four healthy adults residing in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, USA were enrolled between December 2016 and July 2019. Circulating miRNAs, protein, and lipid biomarkers were assessed repeatedly for 3 sessions separated by at least 7 days. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the associations between air pollutant concentrations obtained from nearby air quality monitoring stations and miRNAs controlling for covariates including omega-3 index, relative humidity, and temperature. miRNAs that were significantly altered were then matched with protein or blood lipid biomarkers using either Ingenuity Pathway Analysis or a literature search. A mediation analysis was performed to test the statistical significance of miRNA's mediating effects between exposure to air pollution and cardiovascular biomarkers. RESULTS Short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was associated with changes in 11, 9, and 24 circulating miRNAs, respectively. Pathway analysis showed that several miRNAs including miR-125b-5p, miR-144-5p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-34a-5p may mediate the effects of air pollutant exposure on the changes of downstream protein / lipid biomarkers including serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble vascular adhesive molecules 1 (sICAM1), total cholesterol, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Mediation analysis showed that only miR-26a-5p significantly mediated air pollutant (PM2.5 and NO2)-induced effects on blood CRP and total cholesterol levels. For example, 34.1% of PM2.5-associated changes in CRP were significantly mediated by miR-26a-5p at lag4 [indirect effects, 0.06 (0.02, 0.10), P = 0.005]. Similarly, the proportions of indirect effects of miR-26a-5p on the association between NO2 exposure and CRP were 46.8% at lag2 [0.06 (0.02, 0.11), P = 0.003], 61.2% at lag3 [0.05 (0.00, 0.09), P = 0.04], and 30.8% at 5-day moving average [0.06 (0.02, 0.10), P = 0.01]. In addition, omega-3 index may be a significant modifying factor of the mediated effects of miRNAs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5, O3, and NO2 was associated with specific circulating miRNAs, and some of which may mediate their effects on the downstream inflammation and blood lipid markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yunan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ana G Rappold
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haiyan Tong
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Chen J, Wang T, Xu H, Zhu Y, Du Y, Liu B, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Liu L, Yuan L, Fang J, Xie Y, Liu S, Wu R, Shao D, Song X, He B, Brunekreef B, Huang W. An extended analysis of cardiovascular benefits of indoor air filtration intervention among elderly: a randomized crossover trial (Beijing indoor air purifier study, BIAPSY). GLOBAL HEALTH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.glohj.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Hou T, Chen Q, Ma Y. Elevated expression of miR-146 involved in regulating mice pulmonary dysfunction after exposure to PM2.5. J Toxicol Sci 2021; 46:437-443. [PMID: 34602528 DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric fine particulate matter has short-term and long-term adverse effects on pulmonary function, especially PM2.5; however, early lung function impairment is not easily detected in time. Notably, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been classified as novel biomarkers for diseases related to PM. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether miR-146 was related to the decline of lung function after exposure to air pollution. Thirty BALB/c mice were subjected to different concentrations of PM2.5 by noninvasive tracheal instillation for 56 days (two times one week), after which we detected the histopathological changes of mice lung, pulmonary functions, pro-inflammatory factors levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue homogenate, and the relative expression of microRNA-146a and -146b. When BALB/c mice were exposed to 10 mg/kg PM2.5, severe changes such as widened alveolar interval and diffuse infiltration of macrophages with engulfed PM2.5 particles (dust cells) were found. Peak inspiratory flow (PIF) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were decreased significantly. Expiratory resistance (Re) and inspiratory resistance (Ri) were increased significantly in the 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg PM2.5 groups, meanwhile lung resistance increased and MVV (maximum minute ventilation) decreased from the general tendency; however, pro-inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were increased dramatically. MiR-146a and miR-146b were elevated remarkably in the PM2.5 groups compared to the NS group. We also found miR-146 had negative relationships with PIF and PEF, especially miR-146b. Thus, elevated miR-146a and miR-146b may have a relationship with pulmonary dysfunction after PM2.5 chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfang Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aviation General Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Qianhua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aviation General Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Peking University First Hospital, China
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7
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Martin WK, Padilla S, Kim YH, Hunter DL, Hays MD, DeMarini DM, Hazari MS, Gilmour MI, Farraj AK. Zebrafish irritant responses to wildland fire-related biomass smoke are influenced by fuel type, combustion phase, and byproduct chemistry. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:674-688. [PMID: 34006202 PMCID: PMC8237130 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1925608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to wildfire-derived particulate matter (PM) is linked to adverse health outcomes; however, little is known regarding the influence of biomass fuel type and burn conditions on toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the irritant potential of extractable organic material (EOM) of biomass smoke condensates from five fuels (eucalyptus, pine, pine needle, peat, or red oak), representing various fire-prone regions of the USA, burned at two temperatures each [flaming (approximately 640°C) or (smoldering approximately 500°C)] using a locomotor assay in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. It was postulated that locomotor responses, as measures of irritant effects, might be dependent upon fuel type and burn conditions and that these differences relate to combustion byproduct chemistry. To test this, locomotor activity was tracked for 60 min in 6-day-old zebrafish larvae (25-32/group) immediately after exposure to 0.4% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle or EOM from the biomass smoke condensates (0.3-30 µg EOM/ml; half-log intervals). All EOM samples produced concentration-dependent irritant responses. Linear regression analysis to derive rank-order potency indicated that on a µg PM basis, flaming pine and eucalyptus were the most irritating. In contrast, on an emission-factor basis, which normalizes responses to the amount of PM produced/kg of fuel burned, smoldering smoke condensates induced greater irritant responses (>100-fold) than flaming smoke condensates, with smoldering pine being the most potent. Importantly, irritant responses significantly correlated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content, but not with organic carbon or methoxyphenols. Data indicate that fuel type and burn condition influence the quantity and chemical composition of PM as well as toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kyle Martin
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, UNC-Chapel Hill, USA
| | - S Padilla
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Us Epa, Rtp, NC, US
| | - Y H Kim
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, US
| | - D L Hunter
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Us Epa, Rtp, NC, US
| | - M D Hays
- Air Methods & Characterization Division, Us Epa, Rtp, NC, US
| | - D M DeMarini
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Us Epa, Rtp, NC, US
| | - M S Hazari
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Us Epa, Rtp, NC, US
| | - M I Gilmour
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Us Epa, Rtp, NC, US
| | - A K Farraj
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Us Epa, Rtp, NC, US
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8
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Sun K, Wang X, Fang N, Xu A, Lin Y, Zhao X, Nazarali AJ, Ji S. SIRT2 suppresses expression of inflammatory factors via Hsp90-glucocorticoid receptor signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7439-7450. [PMID: 32515550 PMCID: PMC7339210 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT2 is a NAD+‐dependent deacetylase that deacetylates a diverse array of protein substrates and is involved in many cellular processes, including regulation of inflammation. However, its precise role in the inflammatory process has not completely been elucidated. Here, we identify heat‐shock protein 90α (Hsp90α) as novel substrate of SIRT2. Functional investigation suggests that Hsp90 is deacetylated by SIRT2, such that overexpression and knock‐down of SIRT2 altered the acetylation level of Hsp90. This subsequently resulted in disassociation of Hsp90 with glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and translocation of GR to the nucleus. This observation was further confirmed by glucocorticoid response element (GRE)‐driven reporter assay. Nuclear translocation of GR induced by SIRT2 overexpression repressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which were even more prominent under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Conversely, SIRT2 knock‐down resulted in the up‐regulation of cytokine expression. Mutation analysis indicated that deacetylation of Hsp90 at K294 is critical for SIRT2‐mediated regulation of cytokine expression. These data suggest that SIRT2 reduces the extent of LPS‐induced inflammation by suppressing the expression of inflammatory factors via SIRT2‐Hsp90‐GR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Henan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Na Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Ao Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | | | - Adil J Nazarali
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Henan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China.,College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Yang M, Zhou R, Qiu X, Feng X, Sun J, Wang Q, Lu Q, Zhang P, Liu B, Li W, Chen M, Zhao Y, Mo B, Zhou X, Zhang X, Hua Y, Guo J, Bi F, Cao Y, Ling F, Shi S, Li YG. Artificial intelligence-assisted analysis on the association between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and incidence of arrhythmias in outpatients of Shanghai community hospitals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105745. [PMID: 32334122 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the impact of fine particulate matter pollution on cardiovascular system is drawing considerable concern worldwide. The association between ambient fine particulate and the cardiac arrhythmias is not clear now. OBJECTIVE To study associations of ambient fine particulate with incidence of arrhythmias in outpatients. METHODS Data was collected from the remote electrocardiogram (ECG) system covering 282 community hospitals in Shanghai from June 24th, 2014 to June 23rd, 2016. ECG was performed for patients admitted to above hospitals with complaining of chest discomfort or palpitation, or for regular check-ups. Air quality data during this time period was obtained from China National Environment Monitoring Center. A generalized additive quasi-Poisson model was established to examine the associations between PM2.5 and cardiac arrhythmias. RESULTS Cardiac arrhythmias were detected in 202,661 out of 1,016,579 outpatients (19.9%) and fine particulate matter ranged from 6 to 219 μg/m3 during this period. Positive associations were evidenced between fine particulate matter level and prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia by different lag models. Per 10 μg/m3 increase in fine particulate matter was associated with a 0.584%(95%CI:0.346-0.689%, p < 0.001) increase of cardiac arrhythmia detected in these patient cohort at lag0-2. For different types of cardiac arrhythmias, an immediate arrhythmogenic effect of fine particulate matter (increase of the estimates of cardiac arrhythmia prevalence detected in daily outpatient visits) was found with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; a lag effect was found with atrial fibrillation; and both immediate and lag effect was found with premature atrial contractions or atrial tachycardia, atrioventricular block. Moreover, the impact of fine particulate matter on cardiac arrhythmias was significantly greater in women (lag3 and lag0-4), and in people aged <65 years (lag0). CONCLUSION Ambient exposure to fine particulate matter is linked with increased risk of arrhythmias in outpatients visiting Shanghai community hospitals, with an immediate or lag effect. The arrhythmogenic effect varies among different types of cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Runze Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiangfei Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunshan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiufen Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengpai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binfeng Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Clinical Research Unit, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxue Hua
- Pudong New Area Heqing Community Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Shanghai Huangpu Bund Subdistrict Community Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Bi
- Changning Tianshan Community Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Cao
- Pudong New Area Sunqiao Community Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ling
- Shanghai Lingyun Community Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengming Shi
- Shangnail Xinhua Street Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Liu Q, Yang J, Gong Y, Cai J, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Yu D, Zhang Z. MicroRNA profiling identifies biomarkers in head kidneys of common carp exposed to cadmium. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125901. [PMID: 31951951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an increasingly important environmental pollutant due to its high toxicity to fish and aquatic animals. In the present study, we cultured common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in two groups, a control group and a Cd group, with the Cd group being exposed to Cd for 30 d. The antioxidant enzyme activities of T-AOC and CAT and the GSH content were differentially decreased during Cd exposure. miRNAome profiling indicated that 23 differentially expressed miRNAs were potential biomarkers for Cd exposure; 7 miRNAs were up-regulated, and 16 miRNAs were down-regulated. The expression levels of miR-122, novel-miR6, miR-193a-3p and miR-27a-5p in the Cd group were 0.43-fold, 0.47-fold, 0.49-fold and 2.4-fold greater than in the control group, respectively. qRT-PCR further detected that the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes, including BAX, BAD, BAK, CASPASE9 and PIDD, were differentially increased, while BCL2 was decreased. Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression levels of BAX and BAD were increased and that of BCL2 was differentially decreased during Cd exposure. Alterations in the levels of miR-122, novel-miR6, miR-193a-3p and miR-27a-5p expression may play an important role in diagnosing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis during Cd exposure in the head kidney. These markers may contribute to diagnosing the early stage of Cd exposure in common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yafan Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jingzeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Dahai Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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11
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Herman DA, Wingen LM, Johnson RM, Keebaugh AJ, Renusch SR, Hasen I, Ting A, Kleinman MT. Seasonal effects of ambient PM 2.5 on the cardiovascular system of hyperlipidemic mice. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2020; 70:307-323. [PMID: 31951803 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1717674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
People in polluted communities are often exposed to both PM and ozone (O3), albeit not always simultaneously; an important question is whether exposure to particles with seasonal compositional differences can influence biological outcomes. We addressed this question using a mouse model of cardiovascular disease by contrasting the health outcomes of exposures to particles formed or aged during periods of relatively high photochemical activity (i.e. spring/summer), which has increased ambient O3 concentrations, with outcomes of exposures to fall/winter particles which are associated with lower O3 concentrations. Electrocardiographs (ECGs) and blood pressures (BPs) were acquired following exposures to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs). ECGs were analyzed to changes in specific waveform parameters and changes in heart rate variability (HRV). Exposures elicited several types of waveform abnormalities that were associated with seasonal differences in particle constituents. Alterations in R-R interval and P-R interval were seen following exposure to summer CAPs but not fall CAPs and differential responses were seen in the corrected Q-T interval following the two seasonal exposures. Measures of HRV increased after exposure to summer CAPs compared to air-exposed controls but not following the winter CAPs exposure. There were chemical differences with respect to the organic constituents in ambient particles between summer and fall aerosol. The oxygen to carbon ratios (O:C) were generally higher in the spring and summer than in the fall, consistent with seasonal differences in atmospheric photochemical activity. Seasonal differences in atmospheric photochemical activity can modify ambient aerosol composition and can alter biological responses in the cardiovascular system. The results from this study confirm that ambient photochemical activity can alter the toxicity of ambient PM. Regional and seasonal differences in PM2.5 composition should be important considerations when evaluating the effects of PM exposure on cardiovascular health.Implications: Particles formed during periods of high photochemical activity (e.g. spring/summer) elicit more adverse cardiovascular health effects than particles formed during periods of low photochemical activity (e.g. fall/winter). Seasonal differences in atmospheric photochemical activity modified ambient aerosol composition and worsened cardiovascular responses. These results can inform regulatory agencies and may help design air quality regulations for PM2.5 that consider seasonal and regional variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Herman
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M Wingen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca M Johnson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Keebaugh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Samantha R Renusch
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Irene Hasen
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Ting
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Kleinman
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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12
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Carll AP, Salatini R, Pirela SV, Wang Y, Xie Z, Lorkiewicz P, Naeem N, Qian Y, Castranova V, Godleski JJ, Demokritou P. Inhalation of printer-emitted particles impairs cardiac conduction, hemodynamics, and autonomic regulation and induces arrhythmia and electrical remodeling in rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:7. [PMID: 31996220 PMCID: PMC6990551 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using engineered nanomaterial-based toners, laser printers generate aerosols with alarming levels of nanoparticles that bear high bioactivity and potential health risks. Yet, the cardiac impacts of printer-emitted particles (PEPs) are unknown. Inhalation of particulate matter (PM) promotes cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and ultra-fine particulates (< 0.1 μm aerodynamic diameter) may bear toxicity unique from larger particles. Toxicological studies suggest that PM impairs left ventricular (LV) performance; however, such investigations have heretofore required animal restraint, anesthesia, or ex vivo preparations that can confound physiologic endpoints and/or prohibit LV mechanical assessments during exposure. To assess the acute and chronic effects of PEPs on cardiac physiology, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to PEPs (21 days, 5 h/day) while monitoring LV pressure (LVP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) via conscious telemetry, analyzing LVP and heart rate variability (HRV) in four-day increments from exposure days 1 to 21, as well as ECG and baroreflex sensitivity. At 2, 35, and 70 days after PEPs exposure ceased, rats received stress tests. RESULTS On day 21 of exposure, PEPs significantly (P < 0.05 vs. Air) increased LV end systolic pressure (LVESP, + 18 mmHg) and rate-pressure-product (+ 19%), and decreased HRV indicating sympathetic dominance (root means squared of successive differences [RMSSD], - 21%). Overall, PEPs decreased LV ejection time (- 9%), relaxation time (- 3%), tau (- 5%), RMSSD (- 21%), and P-wave duration (- 9%). PEPs increased QTc interval (+ 5%) and low:high frequency HRV (+ 24%; all P < 0.05 vs. Air), while tending to decrease baroreflex sensitivity and contractility index (- 15% and - 3%, P < 0.10 vs. Air). Relative to Air, at both 2 and 35 days after PEPs, ventricular arrhythmias increased, and at 70 days post-exposure LVESP increased. PEPs impaired ventricular repolarization at 2 and 35 days post-exposure, but only during stress tests. At 72 days post-exposure, PEPs increased urinary dopamine 5-fold and protein expression of ventricular repolarizing channels, Kv1.5, Kv4.2, and Kv7.1, by 50%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest exposure to PEPs increases cardiovascular risk by augmenting sympathetic influence, impairing ventricular performance and repolarization, and inducing hypertension and arrhythmia. PEPs may present significant health risks through adverse cardiovascular effects, especially in occupational settings, among susceptible individuals, and with long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. Carll
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Renata Salatini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra V. Pirela
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences,School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengzhi Xie
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Nazratan Naeem
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Yong Qian
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA
| | - John J. Godleski
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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13
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Huang F, Wang P, Pan X, Wang Y, Ren S. Effects of short-term exposure to particulate matters on heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on controlled animal studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113306. [PMID: 31733955 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matters (PM) is recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A change in cardiac autonomic function is one postulated mechanism leading to PM related cardiovascular events. This study therefore evaluated the associations of short-term exposure to PM and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, which can reflect the cardiac autonomic function. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched for controlled studies of rodents published prior to December 2018. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Effect sizes were calculated for five main HRV parameters, including standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), square root of mean squared differences between successive normal-to-normal intervals (rMSSD), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and the ratio of LF and HF (LF/HF). RESULTS The review included 23 studies with 401 animals. Short-term exposure to PM by instillation yielded statistically significant effects on SDNN (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD] = -1.11, 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] = -2.22 to -0.01, P = 0.05), LF (SMD = -1.19, 95% CI = -1.99 to -0.40, P = 0.003) and LF/HF (SMD = -1.05, 95% CI = -2.03 to -0.07, P = 0.04). Short-term exposure to PM by inhalation only yielded statistically significant effect on LF/HF (SMD = -0.83, 95% CI = -1.39 to -0.27, P = 0.004). There was no evidence that animal model and exposure frequency influenced the relationship of PM and HRV. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to PM can decrease HRV of rodents, affecting cardiac autonomic function. Exposure methods can influence the relationships of PM and HRV parameters. Further studies should focus on the effects of long-term PM exposure, on human beings, and potential influential factors of PM-HRV associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Huang
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinjuan Pan
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yingfang Wang
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuai Ren
- Luoyang Fifth People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
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14
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Wang C, Cao H, Gu S, Shi C, Chen X, Han X. Expression analysis of microRNAs and mRNAs in myofibroblast differentiation of lung resident mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation 2019; 112:10-16. [PMID: 31838455 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious lung disease that involved the myofibroblast differentiation of lung resident mesenchymal stem cells (LR-MSCs). However, the specific molecular mechanisms of myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs still remain a mystery. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs changes in LR-MSCs treated with TGF-β1 was performed. Through computational approaches, the pivotal roles of differentially expressed miRNAs that were associated with tight junction, pathways in cancer, focal adhesion, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction were shown. Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and inhibitor of growth family, member 5 (Ing5) may be the targets for the therapy of pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs and EMT. Collectively, a molecular paradigm for understanding myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs in IPF was provided by the integrated miRNA/mRNA analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of New Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Honghui Cao
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Shen Gu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Chaowen Shi
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
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15
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Short-term effects of ambient air pollution and outdoor temperature on biomarkers of myocardial damage, inflammation and oxidative stress in healthy adults. Environ Epidemiol 2019; 3:e078. [PMID: 33778346 PMCID: PMC7939428 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. The mechanisms whereby ambient air pollution and temperature changes promote cardiac events remain incompletely described. Seventy-three nonsmoking healthy adults (mean age 23.3, SD 5.4 years) were followed with up to four repeated visits across 15 months in Beijing in 2014–2016. Biomarkers relevant to myocardial damage (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I [hs-cTnI]), inflammation (growth differentiation factor-15 [GDF-15]), and oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]) were measured at each visit, while ambient air pollution and temperature were monitored throughout the study. Linear mixed-effects models coupled with distributed lag nonlinear models were used to assess the impacts of each exposure measure on study outcomes. During follow-up, average daily concentrations of fine particulate matter and outdoor temperature were 62.9 µg/m3 (8.1–331.0 µg/m3) and 10.1 °C (−6.5°C to 29.5°C). Serum hs-cTnI levels were detectable in 18.2% of blood samples, with 27.4% of individuals having ≥1 detectable values. Higher levels of ambient particulates and gaseous pollutants (per interquartile range) up to 14 days before clinical visits were associated with significant alterations in hs-cTnI levels of 22.9% (95% CI, 6.4, 39.4) to 154.7% (95% CI, 94.4, 215.1). These changes were accompanied by elevations of circulating GDF-15 and urinary 8-OHdG levels. Both low (5th percentile, −2.5 °C) and high (95th percentile, 24.8°C) outdoor temperatures, with breakpoint at ~13.0°C as the reference level, were also associated with elevations of hs-cTnI levels. Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and temperature was associated with cardiac troponin, a biomarker of myocardial damage, along with increased inflammation and oxidative stress responses. These findings extend our understanding of the biological mechanisms linking pervasive environmental exposure to adverse cardiac events.
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16
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The Acute Effects of Age and Particulate Matter Exposure on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Mice. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 18:507-519. [PMID: 29774517 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiac morbidity and mortality with the elderly considered to be the most susceptible. The purpose of this study was to determine if exposure to PM would cause a greater impact on heart regulation in older DBA/2 (D2) male mice as determined by changes in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). D2 mice at the ages of 4, 12, and 19 months were instilled with 100 µg of PM or saline by aspiration. Before and after the aspiration, 3-min echocardiogram (ECG) samples for HR and HRV were recorded at 15-min intervals for 3 h along with corresponding measurements of homeostasis, such as temperature, metabolism, and ventilation. PM exposure resulted in an increase in HRV, declines in HR, and altered measures of homeostasis for a subset of the 12-mo mice. The PM aspiration did not affect cardiac or homeostasis parameters in the 4- or 19-mo mice. Our results suggest that a select group of middle-age mice are more susceptible to alterations in their heart rhythm after PM exposure and highlight that there are acute age-related differences in heart rhythm following PM exposure.
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17
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Stevens JS, Padilla S, DeMarini DM, Hunter DL, Martin WK, Thompson LC, Gilmour MI, Hazari MS, Farraj AK. Zebrafish Locomotor Responses Reveal Irritant Effects of Fine Particulate Matter Extracts and a Role for TRPA1. Toxicol Sci 2019; 161:290-299. [PMID: 29048608 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution causes adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes. Yet, the limited capacity to readily identify contributing PM sources and associated PM constituents in any given ambient air shed impedes risk assessment efforts. The health effects of PM have been attributed in part to its capacity to elicit irritant responses. A variety of chemicals trigger irritant behavior responses in zebrafish that can be easily measured. The purposes of this study were to examine the utility of zebrafish locomotor responses in the toxicity assessment of fine PM and its chemical fractions and uncover mechanisms of action. Locomotor responses were recorded in 6-day-old zebrafish exposed for 60 min in the dark at 26 °C to the extractable organic matter of a compressor-generated diesel exhaust PM (C-DEP) and 4 of its fractions (F1-F4) containing varying chemical classes of increasing polarity. The role of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel TRPA1, a chemical sensor in mammals and zebrafish, in locomotor responses to C-DEP, was also examined. Acrolein, an environmental irritant and known activator of TRPA1, and all extracts induced concentration-dependent locomotor responses whose potencies ranked as follows: polar F3 > weakly polar F2 > C-DEP > highly polar F4 > nonpolar F1, indicating that polar and weakly polar fractions that included nitro- and oxy-polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), drove C-DEP responses. Irritant potencies in fish positively correlated with mutagenic potencies of the same extracts in strains of Salmonella sensitive to nitro- and oxy-PAHs, further implicating these chemical classes in the zebrafish responses to C-DEP. Pharmacologic inhibition of TRPA1 blocked locomotor responses to acrolein and the extracts. Taken together, these data indicate that the zebrafish locomotor assay may help expedite toxicity screening of fine PM sources, identify causal chemical classes, and uncover plausible biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey S Stevens
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | | | | | | | - W Kyle Martin
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | - Leslie C Thompson
- Environmental Public Health Division, USEPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Environmental Public Health Division, USEPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Mehdi S Hazari
- Environmental Public Health Division, USEPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Aimen K Farraj
- Environmental Public Health Division, USEPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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18
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Martin BL, Thompson LC, Kim Y, Williams W, Snow SJ, Schladweiler MC, Phillips P, King C, Richards J, Haykal-Coates N, Higuchi M, Ian Gilmour M, Kodavanti UP, Hazari MS, Farraj AK. Acute peat smoke inhalation sensitizes rats to the postprandial cardiometabolic effects of a high fat oral load. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:378-391. [PMID: 29940449 PMCID: PMC7003129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wildland fire emissions cause adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes, yet controlled exposure studies to characterize health impacts of specific biomass sources have been complicated by the often latent effects of air pollution. The aim of this study was to determine if postprandial responses after a high fat challenge, long used clinically to predict cardiovascular risk, would unmask latent cardiometabolic responses in rats exposed to peat smoke, a key wildland fire air pollution source. Male Wistar Kyoto rats were exposed once (1 h) to filtered air (FA), or low (0.36 mg/m3 particulate matter) or high concentrations (3.30 mg/m3) of peat smoke, generated by burning peat from an Irish bog. Rats were then fasted overnight, and then administered an oral gavage of a HF suspension (60 kcal% from fat), mimicking a HF meal, 24 h post-exposure. In one cohort, cardiac and superior mesenteric artery function were assessed using high frequency ultrasound 2 h post gavage. In a second cohort, circulating lipids and hormones, pulmonary and systemic inflammatory markers, and circulating monocyte phenotype using flow cytometry were assessed before or 2 or 6 h after gavage. HF gavage alone elicited increases in circulating lipids characteristic of postprandial responses to a HF meal. Few effects were evident after peat exposure in un-gavaged rats. By contrast, exposure to low or high peat caused several changes relative to FA-exposed rats 2 and 6 h post HF gavage including increased heart isovolumic relaxation time, decreased serum glucose and insulin, increased CD11 b/c-expressing blood monocytes, increased serum total cholesterol, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and alpha-2 macroglobulin (p = 0.063), decreased serum corticosterone, and increased lung gamma-glutamyl transferase. In summary, these findings demonstrate that a HF challenge reveals effects of air pollution that may otherwise be imperceptible, particularly at low exposure levels, and suggest exposure may sensitize the body to mild inflammatory triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L Martin
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States
| | - Leslie C Thompson
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Yongho Kim
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Wanda Williams
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Pamela Phillips
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, RTP, NC, United States
| | - Charly King
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Judy Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Najwa Haykal-Coates
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mark Higuchi
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mehdi S Hazari
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Aimen K Farraj
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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19
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Miguel V, Cui JY, Daimiel L, Espinosa-Díez C, Fernández-Hernando C, Kavanagh TJ, Lamas S. The Role of MicroRNAs in Environmental Risk Factors, Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, and Mental Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:773-796. [PMID: 28562070 PMCID: PMC5911706 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and define part of the epigenetic signature. Their influence on every realm of biomedicine is established and progressively increasing. The impact of environment on human health is enormous. Among environmental risk factors impinging on quality of life are those of chemical nature (toxic chemicals, heavy metals, pollutants, and pesticides) as well as those related to everyday life such as exposure to noise or mental and psychosocial stress. Recent Advances: This review elaborates on the relationship between miRNAs and these environmental risk factors. CRITICAL ISSUES The most relevant facts underlying the role of miRNAs in the response to these environmental stressors, including redox regulatory changes and oxidative stress, are highlighted and discussed. In the cases wherein miRNA mutations are relevant for this response, the pertinent literature is also reviewed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We conclude that, even though in some cases important advances have been made regarding close correlations between specific miRNAs and biological responses to environmental risk factors, a need for prospective large-cohort studies is likely necessary to establish causative roles. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 773-796.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miguel
- 1 Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- 2 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- 3 Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados-Alimentación (IMDEA-Food) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Espinosa-Díez
- 4 Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- 2 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Santiago Lamas
- 1 Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid, Spain
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Tsamou M, Vrijens K, Madhloum N, Lefebvre W, Vanpoucke C, Nawrot TS. Air pollution-induced placental epigenetic alterations in early life: a candidate miRNA approach. Epigenetics 2018; 13:135-146. [PMID: 27104955 PMCID: PMC5873362 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1155012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure during in utero life may entail adverse health outcomes in later-life. Air pollution's adverse effects are known to alter gene expression profiles, which can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). We investigate the potential influence of air pollution exposure in prenatal life on placental miRNA expression. Within the framework of the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort, we measured the expression of six candidate miRNAs in placental tissue from 210 mother-newborn pairs by qRT-PCR. Trimester-specific PM2.5 exposure levels were estimated for each mother's home address using a spatiotemporal model. Multiple regression models were used to study miRNA expression and in utero exposure to PM2.5 over various time windows during pregnancy. The placental expression of miR-21 (−33.7%, 95% CI: −53.2 to −6.2, P = 0.022), miR-146a (−30.9%, 95% CI: −48.0 to −8.1, P = 0.012) and miR-222 (−25.4%, 95% CI: −43.0 to −2.4, P = 0.034) was inversely associated with PM2.5 exposure during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, while placental expression of miR-20a and miR-21 was positively associated with 1st trimester exposure. Tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was identified as a common target of the miRNAs significantly associated with PM exposure. Placental PTEN expression was strongly and positively associated (+59.6% per 5 µg/m³ increment, 95% CI: 26.9 to 100.7, P < 0.0001) with 3rd trimester PM2.5 exposure. Further research is required to establish the role these early miRNA and mRNA expression changes might play in PM-induced health effects. We provide molecular evidence showing that in utero PM2.5 exposure affects miRNAs expression as well as its downstream target PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsamou
- a Center for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- a Center for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium
| | - Narjes Madhloum
- a Center for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium
| | - Wouter Lefebvre
- b Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) , Mol , Belgium
| | | | - Tim S Nawrot
- a Center for Environmental Sciences , Hasselt University , Hasselt , Belgium.,d Department of Public Health, Environment & Health Unit , Leuven University , Leuven , Belgium
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21
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Li X, Lv Y, Hao J, Sun H, Gao N, Zhang C, Lu R, Wang S, Yin L, Pu Y, Chen R. Role of microRNA-4516 involved autophagy associated with exposure to fine particulate matter. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45385-45397. [PMID: 27329587 PMCID: PMC5216729 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals are vital toxic components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Cellular responses to exposure to PM2.5 or PM metal components remain unknown. Post-transcriptional profiling and subsequent cell- and individual-based assays implied that the metal ion-binding miR-4516/RPL37/autophagy pathway could play a critical role in cellular responses to PM2.5 and PM metal stresses. miR-4516 was up-regulated in A549 cells exposed to PM2.5 and in the serum of individuals living in a city with moderate air pollution. The expression levels of the miR-4516 target genes, namely, RPL37 and UBA52, were involved in ribosome function and inhibited by exposure to PM2.5 and PM metal components. Autophagy in A549 cells was induced by PM2.5 exposure as a response to decreased RPL37 expression. Moreover, enhanced miR-4516 expression was positively correlated with the augmentation of the internal burden of aluminum and lead in individuals living in a city with moderate air pollution. Hereby, the miR-4516/RPL37/autophagy pathway may represent a novel mechanism that mediates responses to PM metal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Jihong Hao
- Clinical Laboratory of The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Na Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Runze Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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22
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Li X, Lv Y, Gao N, Sun H, Lu R, Yang H, Zhang C, Meng Q, Wu S, Li AQ, Xia Y, Chen R. microRNA-802/Rnd3 pathway imposes on carcinogenesis and metastasis of fine particulate matter exposure. Oncotarget 2018; 7:35026-43. [PMID: 27144337 PMCID: PMC5085207 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have linked ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to increased lung cancer mortality and morbidity. However, the underlying mechanism causing the adverse effects of PM2.5 is less clear. In the present study, post-transcriptional profiling was used to explore biological pathways involved in PM2.5-induced pulmonary disorders. The carcinogenesis and metastasis of PM2.5 exposure were evaluated by long-term PM2.5 exposure tests. We observed dysregulation of actin in A549 cells line and dysplasia in the lungs of mice exposed to PM2.5. Both PM2.5-exposed cells and animals showed increased Rnd3 expression levels. Moreover, miR-802 mimics rescued actin disorganization in vitro and alveolitis in vivo. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 promoted carcinogenesis and metastasis of pulmonary cells. Decreased miR-802 expression levels in the serum samples of PM2.5-treated mice and individuals from moderately polluted cities were observed. Increased Rnd3 expression levels in lung cancers tissues have been identified by a genome database TCGA, and have been linked to less overall survival probabilities of lung cancer patients. Our findings suggest that dysregulation of actin cytoskeleton and down-regulation of miR-802 expression might be the underlying mechanism involved in the adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure. In addition, long-term exposure to PM2.5 demonstrated strong associations with malignant pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Na Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Runze Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbao Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shenshen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ai-Qun Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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23
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Ku T, Li B, Gao R, Zhang Y, Yan W, Ji X, Li G, Sang N. NF-κB-regulated microRNA-574-5p underlies synaptic and cognitive impairment in response to atmospheric PM 2.5 aspiration. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:34. [PMID: 28851397 PMCID: PMC5575838 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm) is one of the leading environmental risk factors for the global burden of disease. Whereas increasing evidence has linked the adverse roles of PM2.5 with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, limited but growing emerging evidence suggests that PM2.5 exposure can affect the nervous system, causing neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deterioration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the synaptic and cognitive deficits elicited by PM2.5 exposure are largely unknown. Methods C57BL/6 mice received oropharyngeal aspiration of PM2.5 (1 and 5 mg/kg bw) every other day for 4 weeks. The mice were also stereotaxically injected with β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (β-secretase, BACE1) shRNA or LV-miR-574-5p lentiviral constructs in the absence or presence of PM2.5 aspiration at 5 mg/kg bw every other day for 4 weeks. Spatial learning and memory were assessed with the Morris water maze test, and synaptic function integrity was evaluated with electrophysiological recordings of long-term potentiation (LTP) and immunoblot analyses of glutamate receptor subunit expression. The expression of α-secretase (ADAM10), BACE1, and γ-secretase (nicastrin) and the synthesis and accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) were measured by immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MicroRNA (miRNA) expression was screened with a microRNA microarray analysis and confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Dual-luciferase reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses were used to detect the binding of miR-574-5p in the 3’UTR of BACE1 and NF-κB p65 in the promoter of miR-574-5p, respectively. Results PM2.5 aspiration caused neuroinflammation and deteriorated synaptic function integrity and spatial learning and memory, and the effects were associated with the induction of BACE1. The action was mediated by NF-κB p65-regulated downregulation of miR-574-5p, which targets BACE1. Overexpression of miR-574-5p in the hippocampal region decreased BACE1 expression, restored synaptic function, and improved spatial memory and learning following PM2.5 exposure. Conclusions Taken together, our findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying impaired synaptic and cognitive function following exposure to PM2.5, suggesting that miR-574-5p is a potential intervention target for the prevention and treatment of PM2.5-induced neurological disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-017-0215-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ku
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Ben Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Rui Gao
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
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24
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Carll AP, Crespo SM, Filho MS, Zati DH, Coull BA, Diaz EA, Raimundo RD, Jaeger TNG, Ricci-Vitor AL, Papapostolou V, Lawrence JE, Garner DM, Perry BS, Harkema JR, Godleski JJ. Inhaled ambient-level traffic-derived particulates decrease cardiac vagal influence and baroreflexes and increase arrhythmia in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:16. [PMID: 28545487 PMCID: PMC5445437 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have linked exposures to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and traffic with autonomic nervous system imbalance (ANS) and cardiac pathophysiology, especially in individuals with preexisting disease. It is unclear whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases susceptibility to the effects of PM2.5. We hypothesized that exposure to traffic-derived primary and secondary organic aerosols (P + SOA) at ambient levels would cause autonomic and cardiovascular dysfunction in rats exhibiting features of MetS. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fructose diet (HFrD) to induce MetS, and exposed to P + SOA (20.4 ± 0.9 μg/m3) for 12 days with time-matched comparison to filtered-air (FA) exposed MetS rats; normal diet (ND) SD rats were separately exposed to FA or P + SOA (56.3 ± 1.2 μg/m3). Results In MetS rats, P + SOA exposure decreased HRV, QTc, PR, and expiratory time overall (mean effect across the entirety of exposure), increased breathing rate overall, decreased baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) on three exposure days, and increased spontaneous atrioventricular (AV) block Mobitz Type II arrhythmia on exposure day 4 relative to FA-exposed animals receiving the same diet. Among ND rats, P + SOA decreased HRV only on day 1 and did not significantly alter BRS despite overall hypertensive responses relative to FA. Correlations between HRV, ECG, BRS, and breathing parameters suggested a role for autonomic imbalance in the pathophysiologic effects of P + SOA among MetS rats. Autonomic cardiovascular responses to P + SOA at ambient PM2.5 levels were pronounced among MetS rats and indicated blunted vagal influence over cardiovascular physiology. Conclusions Results support epidemiologic findings that MetS increases susceptibility to the adverse cardiac effects of ambient-level PM2.5, potentially through ANS imbalance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-017-0196-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Carll
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Physiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Delia Baxter Building, Room 404B, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Samir M Crespo
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S Filho
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas H Zati
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edgar A Diaz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rodrigo D Raimundo
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thomas N G Jaeger
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Ricci-Vitor
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vasileios Papapostolou
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joy E Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Garner
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Brigham S Perry
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jack R Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John J Godleski
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Stawski C, Nowack J, Körtner G, Geiser F. A new cue for torpor induction: charcoal, ash and smoke. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:220-226. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.146548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Recent work has shown that the use of torpor for energy conservation increases after forest fires in heterothermic mammals, probably in response to the reduction of food. However, the specific environmental cues for this increased torpor expression remain unknown. It is possible that smoke and the novel substrate of charcoal and ash act as signals for an impending period of starvation requiring torpor. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the combined cues of smoke, a charcoal/ash substrate and food shortage will enhance torpor expression in a small forest-dwelling marsupial, the yellow-footed antechinus (Antechinus flavipes), because like other animals that live in fire-prone habitats they must effectively respond to fires to ensure survival. Activity and body temperature patterns of individuals in outdoor aviaries were measured under natural environmental conditions. All individuals were strictly nocturnal, but diurnal activity was observed shortly after smoke exposure. Overall, torpor in females was longer and deeper than that in males. Interestingly, while both males and females increased daily torpor duration during food restriction by >2-fold as anticipated, a combination of food restriction and smoke exposure on a charcoal/ash substrate further increased daily torpor duration by ∼2-fold in both sexes. These data show that this combination of cues for torpor induction is stronger than food shortage on its own. Our study provides significant new information on how a small forest-dwelling mammal responds to fire cues during and immediately after a fire and identifies a new, not previously recognised, regulatory mechanism for thermal biology in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Stawski
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Julia Nowack
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, Vienna 1160, Austria
| | - Gerhard Körtner
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Fritz Geiser
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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26
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TRPA1 mediates changes in heart rate variability and cardiac mechanical function in mice exposed to acrolein. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 324:51-60. [PMID: 27746315 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution is linked with adverse cardiovascular effects. While previous research focused primarily on particulate matter-induced responses, gaseous air pollutants also contribute to cause short-term cardiovascular effects. Mechanisms underlying such effects have not been adequately described, however the immediate nature of the response suggests involvement of irritant neural activation and downstream autonomic dysfunction. Thus, this study examines the role of TRPA1, an irritant sensory receptor found in the airways, in the cardiac response of mice to acrolein and ozone. Conscious unrestrained wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) and TRPA1 knockout (KO) mice implanted with radiotelemeters were exposed once to 3ppm acrolein, 0.3ppm ozone, or filtered air. Heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded continuously before, during and after exposure. Analysis of ECG morphology, incidence of arrhythmia and heart rate variability (HRV) were performed. Cardiac mechanical function was assessed using a Langendorff perfusion preparation 24h post-exposure. Acrolein exposure increased HRV independent of HR, as well as incidence of arrhythmia. Acrolein also increased left ventricular developed pressure in WT mice at 24h post-exposure. Ozone did not produce any changes in cardiac function. Neither gas produced ECG effects, changes in HRV, arrhythmogenesis, or mechanical function in KO mice. These data demonstrate that a single exposure to acrolein causes cardiac dysfunction through TRPA1 activation and autonomic imbalance characterized by a shift toward parasympathetic modulation. Furthermore, it is clear from the lack of ozone effects that although gaseous irritants are capable of eliciting immediate cardiac changes, gas concentration and properties play important roles.
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27
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Louwies T, Vuegen C, Panis LI, Cox B, Vrijens K, Nawrot TS, De Boever P. miRNA expression profiles and retinal blood vessel calibers are associated with short-term particulate matter air pollution exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:24-31. [PMID: 26836502 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air pollution, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, can exert its effects through the microcirculation. Retinal blood vessel width is considered a marker for microvascular health and is associated with short-term PM10 exposure. microRNAs are key regulators of complex biological processes in cardiovascular health and disease and miRNA expression can be affected by air pollution exposure. Studies investigating the effect of ambient air pollution exposure on miRNA expression in combination with an assessment of the microvasculature do not exist. METHODS 50 healthy adults (50% women, 23-58 years old) were examined once a month from December 2014 until April 2015 in Flanders (Belgium). Fundus photos and venous blood samples were collected during the study visits. PM10 data were obtained from a nearby monitoring station. Image analysis was used to calculate the width of retinal blood vessels, represented as the Central Retinal Arteriolar/Venular Equivalent (CRAE/CRVE). Total miRNA was isolated from blood and the expression of miR-21, -146a and, -222 were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Mixed models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Each short-term increase of 10µg/m(3) PM10 during the 24h preceding the study visit was associated with a 0.58µm decrease (95% CI: -1.16, -0.0005; p=0.056) in CRAE, a 0.99µm increase (95% CI: 0.18, 1.80; p=0.021) in CRVE, a 6.6% decrease (95% CI: -11.07, -2.17; p=0.0038) in miR-21 expression and a 6.7% decrease (95% CI: -10.70, -2.75; p=0.0012) in miR-222 expression. Each 10% increase in miR-21 was associated with a 0.14µm increase (95% CI: 0.0060, 0.24; p=0.046) in CRAE whereas a similar increase in miR-222 expression was associated with a 0.28µm decrease (95% CI: -0.50, -0.062; p=0.016) in CRVE. These associations were also found in exposure windows ranging from 2h to 1 week. Finally, we observed that the association between PM10 exposure and CRAE was mediated by miRNA-21 expression. CONCLUSION PM10 exposure was associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing and venular widening. PM10 exposure affected miRNAs that are involved in inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. We suggest that miRNA changes may be relevant to explain the association between PM10 and retinal vessel calibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijs Louwies
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Caroline Vuegen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Luc Int Panis
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Transportation Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bianca Cox
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
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28
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Xie Y, Bo L, Jiang S, Tian Z, Kan H, Li Y, Song W, Zhao J. Individual PM2.5 exposure is associated with the impairment of cardiac autonomic modulation in general residents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10255-10261. [PMID: 26910828 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the major pollutants in metropolitan areas. The current study was conducted to observe the effects of PM2.5 on cardiac autonomic modulation. The participants included 619 men and women aged from 35-75 in a residential area in Shanghai, China. All the participants were divided into four categories according to the distance between their apartments and major road. In addition, individual PM2.5 was measured using SIDEPAKTM AM510 (TSI, USA) from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm. At the end of the individual PM2.5 measurement, the systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate (HR), low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF), and LF/HF were determined. The association between individual PM2.5 level and the above health effects was analyzed using generalized linear regression. The results showed that the average concentration of individual PM2.5 was 95.5 and 87.0 μg/m(3) for men and women. Residential distance to major road was negatively correlated with the individual PM2.5. The results indicated that per 1.0 μg/m(3) increase of individual PM2.5 was associated with a 2.3 % increase for systolic pressure, 0.3 % increase for diastolic pressure, 0.4 % decrease for LF, and 0.4 % decrease for HF. Nevertheless, there was no statistical association between individual PM2.5 and heart rate and LF/HF in the total model. In addition, the similar results were found in men and women excluding a significant association between PM2.5 and the heart rate in men. The alterations of cardiac autonomic modulation hinted that PM2.5 exposure might be associated with the potential occurrence of cardiovascular disease, such as arrhythmia and ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Bo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuo Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenyong Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yigang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Song
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinzhuo Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Jiang S, Bo L, Gong C, Du X, Kan H, Xie Y, Song W, Zhao J. Traffic-related air pollution is associated with cardio-metabolic biomarkers in general residents. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89:911-21. [PMID: 27084335 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-016-1129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study was conducted to explore the mechanisms linking traffic-related air pollution and cardio-metabolic risk. METHODS The participants included 371 men and women aged from 45 to 75 in an urban residential area in Shanghai, China. The participants were divided into four categories (≤50, 51-100, 101-200 and >200 m) according to the residential distance to major road. Additionally, the personal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was measured from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm to assess the PM2.5 exposure in general residents. Then, the continuous subclinical measurements and biological effects related to cardio-metabolic disorders were detected. The generalized linear regression analysis was applied for estimating the adjusted hazards ratio for cardio-metabolic disorders relative to traffic-related air pollution. RESULTS The average personal PM2.5 is 111.1 μg/m(3) in the participants living within 50 m to major road, which is significantly higher than the personal PM2.5 (68.2 μg/m(3)) in the participants living more than 200 m away from the major road. The participants living within 50 m to major road compared with those living more than 200 m away have 1.15 times higher of heart rate (HR), 1.95 times higher of fasting insulin, 1.30 times higher of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), 1.56 times higher of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 8.39 times higher of interleukin 6 (IL-6), 4.30 times higher of augmentation index (AI), 1.60 times higher of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 1.91 times higher of diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Contrary to the increase in above biological effects, there were 1.06 times lower of low frequency (LF), 1.05 times lower of high frequency (HF), 2.54 times lower of IL-10, 4.61 times lower of nitric oxide (NO), 1.19 times lower of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 1.85 times lower of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). There was no clear exposure-response relationship can be observed in the fasting glucose, LF/HF, cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution may contribute to the development or exacerbation of cardio-metabolic disorders. The mechanisms linking air pollution and cardio-metabolic disorders may be associated with the increased systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, reduced insulin sensitivity and elevated arterial stiffness and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liang Bo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Changyi Gong
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xihao Du
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuquan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Song
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinzhuo Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 331 Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Rodosthenous RS, Coull BA, Lu Q, Vokonas PS, Schwartz JD, Baccarelli AA. Ambient particulate matter and microRNAs in extracellular vesicles: a pilot study of older individuals. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:13. [PMID: 26956024 PMCID: PMC4782360 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution from particulate matter (PM) has been linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however the underlying biological mechanisms remain to be uncovered. Gene regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) that are transferred between cells by extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play an important role in PM-induced cardiovascular risk. This study sought to determine if ambient PM2.5 levels are associated with expression of EV-encapsulated miRNAs (evmiRNAs), and to investigate the participation of such evmiRNAs in pathways related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods We estimated the short- (1-day), intermediate- (1-week and 1-month) and long-term (3-month, 6-month, and 1-year) moving averages of ambient PM2.5 levels at participants’ addresses using a validated hybrid spatio-temporal land-use regression model. We collected 42 serum samples from 22 randomly selected participants in the Normative Aging Study cohort and screened for 800 miRNAs using the NanoString nCounter® platform. Mixed effects regression models, adjusted for potential confounders were used to assess the association between ambient PM2.5 levels and evmiRNAs. All p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons. In-silico Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was performed to identify biological pathways that are regulated by PM-associated evmiRNAs. Results We found a significant association between long-term ambient PM2.5 exposures and levels of multiple evmiRNAs circulating in serum. In the 6-month window, ambient PM2.5 exposures were associated with increased levels of miR-126-3p (0.74 ± 0.21; p = 0.02), miR-19b-3p (0.52 ± 0.15; p = 0.02), miR-93-5p (0.78 ± 0.22; p = 0.02), miR-223-3p (0.74 ± 0.22; p = 0.02), and miR-142-3p (0.81 ± 0.21; p = 0.03). Similarly, in the 1-year window, ambient PM2.5 levels were associated with increased levels of miR-23a-3p (0.83 ± 0.23; p = 0.02), miR-150-5p (0.90 ± 0.24; p = 0.02), miR-15a-5p (0.70 ± 0.21; p = 0.02), miR-191-5p (1.20 ± 0.35; p = 0.02), and let-7a-5p (1.42 ± 0.39; p = 0.02). In silico pathway analysis on PM2.5-associated evmiRNAs identified several key CVD-related pathways including oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Conclusions We found an association between long-term ambient PM2.5 levels and increased levels of evmiRNAs circulating in serum. Further observational studies are warranted to confirm and extend these important findings in larger and more diverse populations, and experimental studies are needed to elucidate the exact roles of evmiRNAs in PM-induced CVD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0121-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Quan Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons–Associated MicroRNAs and Heart Rate Variability in Coke Oven Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:e24-31. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Thompson LC, Holland NA, Snyder RJ, Luo B, Becak DP, Odom JT, Harrison BS, Brown JM, Gowdy KM, Wingard CJ. Pulmonary instillation of MWCNT increases lung permeability, decreases gp130 expression in the lungs, and initiates cardiovascular IL-6 transsignaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L142-54. [PMID: 26589480 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00384.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary instillation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) has the potential to promote cardiovascular derangements, but the mechanisms responsible are currently unclear. We hypothesized that exposure to MWCNT would result in increased epithelial barrier permeability by 24 h postexposure and initiate a signaling process involving IL-6/gp130 transsignaling in peripheral vascular tissue. To test this hypothesis we assessed the impact of 1 and 10 μg/cm(2) MWCNT on transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and expression of barrier proteins and cell activation in vitro using normal human bronchial epithelial primary cells. Parallel studies using male Sprague-Dawley rats instilled with 100 μg MWCNT measured bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) differential cell counts, BAL fluid total protein, and lung water-to-tissue weight ratios 24 h postexposure and quantified serum concentrations of IL-6, soluble IL-6r, and soluble gp130. Aortic sections were examined immunohistochemically for gp130 expression, and gp130 mRNA/protein expression was evaluated in rat lung, heart, and aortic tissue homogenates. Our in vitro findings indicate that 10 μg/cm(2) MWCNT decreased the development of TEER and zonula occludens-1 expression relative to the vehicle. In rats MWCNT instillation increased BAL protein, lung water, and induced pulmonary eosinophilia. Serum concentrations of soluble gp130 decreased, aortic endothelial expression of gp130 increased, and expression of gp130 in the lung was downregulated in the MWCNT-exposed group. We propose that pulmonary exposure to MWCNT can manifest as a reduced epithelial barrier and activator of vascular gp130-associated transsignaling that may promote susceptibility to cardiovascular derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Nathan A Holland
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Ryan J Snyder
- NanoHealth Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Daniel P Becak
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jillian T Odom
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin S Harrison
- Wake Forest University Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Christopher J Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina;
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Carll AP, Haykal-Coates N, Winsett DW, Hazari MS, Ledbetter AD, Richards JH, Cascio WE, Costa DL, Farraj AK. Cardiomyopathy confers susceptibility to particulate matter-induced oxidative stress, vagal dominance, arrhythmia and pulmonary inflammation in heart failure-prone rats. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:100-12. [PMID: 25600220 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.995387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is tied to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially among those with prior cardiac injury. The mechanisms and pathophysiological events precipitating these outcomes remain poorly understood but may involve inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia and autonomic nervous system imbalance. Cardiomyopathy results from cardiac injury, is the leading cause of heart failure, and can be induced in heart failure-prone rats through sub-chronic infusion of isoproterenol (ISO). To test whether cardiomyopathy confers susceptibility to inhaled PM2.5 and can elucidate potential mechanisms, we investigated the cardiophysiologic, ventilatory, inflammatory and oxidative effects of a single nose-only inhalation of a metal-rich PM2.5 (580 µg/m(3), 4 h) in ISO-pretreated (35 days × 1.0 mg/kg/day sc) rats. During the 5 days post-treatment, ISO-treated rats had decreased HR and BP and increased pre-ejection period (PEP, an inverse correlate of contractility) relative to saline-treated rats. Before inhalation exposure, ISO-pretreated rats had increased PR and ventricular repolarization time (QT) and heterogeneity (Tp-Te). Relative to clean air, PM2.5 further prolonged PR-interval and decreased systolic BP during inhalation exposure; increased tidal volume, expiratory time, heart rate variability (HRV) parameters of parasympathetic tone and atrioventricular block arrhythmias over the hours post-exposure; increased pulmonary neutrophils, macrophages and total antioxidant status one day post-exposure; and decreased pulmonary glutathione peroxidase 8 weeks after exposure, with all effects occurring exclusively in ISO-pretreated rats but not saline-pretreated rats. Ultimately, our findings indicate that cardiomyopathy confers susceptibility to the oxidative, inflammatory, ventilatory, autonomic and arrhythmogenic effects of acute PM2.5 inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Carll
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC , USA
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Long-term Exposure to Particulate Matter Constituents and the Incidence of Coronary Events in 11 European Cohorts. Epidemiology 2015; 26:565-74. [DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Farraj AK, Walsh L, Haykal-Coates N, Malik F, McGee J, Winsett D, Duvall R, Kovalcik K, Cascio WE, Higuchi M, Hazari MS. Cardiac effects of seasonal ambient particulate matter and ozone co-exposure in rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2015; 12:12. [PMID: 25944145 PMCID: PMC4419498 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-015-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential for seasonal differences in the physicochemical characteristics of ambient particulate matter (PM) to modify interactive effects with gaseous pollutants has not been thoroughly examined. The purpose of this study was to compare cardiac responses in conscious hypertensive rats co-exposed to concentrated ambient particulates (CAPs) and ozone (O3) in Durham, NC during the summer and winter, and to analyze responses based on particle mass and chemistry. Methods Rats were exposed once for 4 hrs by whole-body inhalation to fine CAPs alone (target concentration: 150 μg/m3), O3 (0.2 ppm) alone, CAPs plus O3, or filtered air during summer 2011 and winter 2012. Telemetered electrocardiographic (ECG) data from implanted biosensors were analyzed for heart rate (HR), ECG parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), and spontaneous arrhythmia. The sensitivity to triggering of arrhythmia was measured in a separate cohort one day after exposure using intravenously administered aconitine. PM elemental composition and organic and elemental carbon fractions were analyzed by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and thermo-optical pyrolytic vaporization, respectively. Particulate sources were inferred from elemental analysis using a chemical mass balance model. Results Seasonal differences in CAPs composition were most evident in particle mass concentrations (summer, 171 μg/m3; winter, 85 μg/m3), size (summer, 324 nm; winter, 125 nm), organic:elemental carbon ratios (summer, 16.6; winter, 9.7), and sulfate levels (summer, 49.1 μg/m3; winter, 16.8 μg/m3). Enrichment of metals in winter PM resulted in equivalent summer and winter metal exposure concentrations. Source apportionment analysis showed enrichment for anthropogenic and marine salt sources during winter exposures compared to summer exposures, although only 4% of the total PM mass was attributed to marine salt sources. Single pollutant cardiovascular effects with CAPs and O3 were present during both summer and winter exposures, with evidence for unique effects of co-exposures and associated changes in autonomic tone. Conclusions These findings provide evidence for a pronounced effect of season on PM mass, size, composition, and contributing sources, and exposure-induced cardiovascular responses. Although there was inconsistency in biological responses, some cardiovascular responses were evident only in the co-exposure group during both seasons despite variability in PM physicochemical composition. These findings suggest that a single ambient PM metric alone is not sufficient to predict potential for interactive health effects with other air pollutants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-015-0087-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimen K Farraj
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Leon Walsh
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Najwa Haykal-Coates
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Fatiha Malik
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - John McGee
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Darrell Winsett
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Rachelle Duvall
- Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Kasey Kovalcik
- Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Wayne E Cascio
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Mark Higuchi
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Mehdi S Hazari
- Environmental Public Health Division, US EPA, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
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Farraj AK, Haykal-Coates N, Winsett DW, Gilmour MI, King C, Krantz QT, Richards J, Hazari MS. Comparative electrocardiographic, autonomic and systemic inflammatory responses to soy biodiesel and petroleum diesel emissions in rats. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:564-75. [PMID: 26514784 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1057884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Biodiesel fuel represents an alternative to high particulate matter (PM)-emitting petroleum-based diesel fuels, yet uncertainty remains regarding potential biodiesel combustion emission health impacts. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare cardiovascular responses to pure and blended biodiesel fuel emissions relative to petroleum diesel exhaust (DE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Spontaneously hypertensive rats were exposed for 4 h per day for four days via whole body inhalation to combustion emissions (based on PM concentrations 50, 150 or 500 μg/m(3) or filtered air) from pure (B100) or blended (B20) soy biodiesel, or to pure petroleum DE (B0). Electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart rate variability (HRV, an index of autonomic balance) were monitored before, during and after exposure while pulmonary and systemic inflammation were assessed one day after the final exposure. ECG and HRV data and inflammatory data were statistically analyzed using a linear mixed model for repeated measures and an analysis of variance, respectively. RESULTS B100 and B0, but not B20, increased HRV during all exposure days at the highest concentration indicating increased parasympathetic tone. Electrocardiographic data were mixed. B100 and B0, but not B20, caused significant changes in one or more of the following: serum C-reactive protein, total protein, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and fibrinogen. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Although responses to emissions from all fuels were mixed and relatively mild, some findings point to a reduced cardiovascular impact of blended biodiesel fuel emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Farraj
- a Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - N Haykal-Coates
- a Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - D W Winsett
- a Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - M I Gilmour
- a Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - C King
- a Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Q T Krantz
- a Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - J Richards
- a Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - M S Hazari
- a Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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A single exposure to acrolein desensitizes baroreflex responsiveness and increases cardiac arrhythmias in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 14:52-63. [PMID: 24078368 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-013-9228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to air pollutants has been linked to acute cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Even in the absence of overt signs or symptoms, pollutants can cause subtle disruptions to internal compensatory mechanisms, which maintain homeostatic balance in response to various environmental and physiological stressors. We hypothesized that a single exposure to acrolein, a ubiquitous gaseous air pollutant, would decrease the sensitivity of baroreflex (BRS), which maintains blood pressure by altering heart rate (HR), modify cardiac electrophysiological properties and increase arrhythmia in rats. Wistar-Kyoto normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats implanted with radiotelemeters and a chronic jugular vein catheter were tested for BRS using phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside 2 days before and 1 h after whole-body exposure to 3 ppm acrolein (3 h). HR and electrocardiogram (ECG) were continuously monitored for the detection of arrhythmia in the pre-exposure, exposure and post-exposure periods. Whole-body plethysmography was used to continuously monitor ventilation in conscious animals. SH rats had higher blood pressure, lower BRS and increased frequency of AV block as evidence by non-conducted p-waves when compared with WKY rats. A single exposure to acrolein caused a decrease in BRS and increased incidence of arrhythmia in both WKY and SH rats. There were minimal ECG differences between the strains, whereas only SH rats experienced irregular breathing during acrolein. These results demonstrate that acrolein causes immediate cardiovascular reflexive dysfunction and persistent arrhythmia in both normal and hypertensive animals. As such, homeostatic imbalance may be one mechanism by which air pollution increases risk 24 h after exposure, particularly in people with underlying cardiovascular disease.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient particulate matter (PM) has been associated with mortality and morbidity for cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs control gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. Altered microRNA expression has been reported in processes related to cardiovascular disease and PM exposure, such as systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Polymorphisms in microRNA-related genes could influence response to PM. METHODS We investigated the association of exposure to ambient particles in several time windows (4-hour to 28-day moving averages) and blood leukocyte expression changes in 14 candidate microRNAs in 153 elderly males from the Normative Aging Study (examined 2005-2009). Potential effect modification by six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three microRNA-related genes was investigated. Fine PM (PM2.5), black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfates were measured at a stationary ambient monitoring site. Linear regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to assess effects of particles and SNP-by-pollutant interaction. An in silico pathway analysis was performed on target genes of microRNAs associated with the pollutants. RESULTS We found a negative association for pollutants in all moving averages and miR-1, -126, -135a, -146a, -155, -21, -222, and -9. The strongest associations were observed with the 7-day moving averages for PM2.5 and black carbon and with the 48-hour moving averages for organic carbon. The association with sulfates was stable across the moving averages. The in silico pathway analysis identified 18 pathways related to immune response shared by at least two microRNAs; in particular, the "high-mobility group protein B1/advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor signaling pathway" was shared by miR-126, -146a, -155, -21, and -222. No important associations were observed for miR-125a-5p, -125b, -128, -147, -218, and -96. We found significant SNP-by-pollutant interactions for rs7813, rs910925, and rs1062923 in GEMIN4 and black carbon and PM2.5 for miR-1, -126, -146a, -222, and -9, and for rs1640299 in DGCR8 and SO4 for miR-1 and -135a. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to ambient particles could cause a downregulation of microRNAs involved in processes related to PM exposure. Polymorphisms in GEMIN4 and DGCR8 could modify these associations.
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O'Toole TE, Abplanalp W, Li X, Cooper N, Conklin DJ, Haberzettl P, Bhatnagar A. Acrolein decreases endothelial cell migration and insulin sensitivity through induction of let-7a. Toxicol Sci 2014; 140:271-82. [PMID: 24812010 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrolein is a major reactive component of vehicle exhaust, and cigarette and wood smoke. It is also present in several food substances and is generated endogenously during inflammation and lipid peroxidation. Although previous studies have shown that dietary or inhalation exposure to acrolein results in endothelial activation, platelet activation, and accelerated atherogenesis, the basis for these effects is unknown. Moreover, the effects of acrolein on microRNA (miRNA) have not been studied. Using AGILENT miRNA microarray high-throughput technology, we found that treatment of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells with acrolein led to a significant (>1.5-fold) upregulation of 12, and downregulation of 15, miRNAs. Among the miRNAs upregulated were members of the let-7 family and this upregulation was associated with decreased expression of their protein targets, β3 integrin, Cdc34, and K-Ras. Exposure to acrolein attenuated β3 integrin-dependent migration and reduced Akt phosphorylation in response to insulin. These effects of acrolein on endothelial cell migration and insulin signaling were reversed by expression of a let-7a inhibitor. Also, inhalation exposure of mice to acrolein (1 ppm x 6 h/day x 4 days) upregulated let-7a and led to a decrease in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in the aorta. These results suggest that acrolein exposure has broad effects on endothelial miRNA repertoire and that attenuation of endothelial cell migration and insulin signaling by acrolein is mediated in part by the upregulation of let-7a. This mechanism may be a significant feature of vascular injury caused by inflammation, oxidized lipids, and exposure to environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Nigel Cooper
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
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Fry RC, Rager JE, Bauer R, Sebastian E, Peden DB, Jaspers I, Alexis NE. Air toxics and epigenetic effects: ozone altered microRNAs in the sputum of human subjects. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L1129-37. [PMID: 24771714 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00348.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a criteria air pollutant that is associated with numerous adverse health effects, including altered respiratory immune responses. Despite its deleterious health effects, possible epigenetic mechanisms underlying O3-induced health effects remain understudied. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators of genomic response to environmental insults and unstudied in relationship to O3 inhalation exposure. Our objective was to test whether O3 inhalation exposure significantly alters miRNA expression profiles within the human bronchial airways. Twenty healthy adult human volunteers were exposed to 0.4 ppm O3 for 2 h. Induced sputum samples were collected from each subject 48 h preexposure and 6 h postexposure for evaluation of miRNA expression and markers of inflammation in the airways. Genomewide miRNA expression profiles were evaluated by microarray analysis, and in silico predicted mRNA targets of the O3-responsive miRNAs were identified and validated against previously measured O3-induced changes in mRNA targets. Biological network analysis was performed on the O3-associated miRNAs and mRNA targets to reveal potential associated response signaling and functional enrichment. Expression analysis of the sputum samples revealed that O3 exposure significantly increased the expression levels of 10 miRNAs, namely miR-132, miR-143, miR-145, miR-199a*, miR-199b-5p, miR-222, miR-223, miR-25, miR-424, and miR-582-5p. The miRNAs and their predicted targets were associated with a diverse range of biological functions and disease signatures, noted among them inflammation and immune-related disease. The present study shows that O3 inhalation exposure disrupts select miRNA expression profiles that are associated with inflammatory and immune response signaling. These findings provide novel insight into epigenetic regulation of responses to O3 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca Bauer
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth Sebastian
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David B Peden
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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41
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Bollati V, Angelici L, Rizzo G, Pergoli L, Rota F, Hoxha M, Nordio F, Bonzini M, Tarantini L, Cantone L, Pesatori AC, Apostoli P, Baccarelli AA, Bertazzi PA. Microvesicle-associated microRNA expression is altered upon particulate matter exposure in healthy workers and in A549 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:59-67. [PMID: 24515752 PMCID: PMC4125569 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease risk has been consistently linked with particulate matter (PM) exposure. Cell-derived microvesicles (MVs) are released into plasma and transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) between tissues. MVs can be produced by the respiratory system in response to proinflammatory triggers, enter the circulatory system and remotely modify gene expression in cardiovascular tissues. However, whether PM affects MV signaling has never been investigated. In this study, we evaluated expression of microRNAs contained within plasma MVs upon PM exposure both in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo study, we isolated plasma MVs from healthy steel plant workers before and after workplace PM exposure. We measured the expression of 88 MV-associated miRNAs by real-time polymerase chain reaction. To assess a possible source of the MV miRNAs identified in vivo, we measured their miRNA expression in PM-treated A549 pulmonary cell lines in vitro. MiRNA profiling of plasma MVs showed 5.62- and 13.95-fold increased expression of miR-128 and miR-302c, respectively, after 3 days of workplace PM exposure (P < 0.001). According to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, miR-128 is part of coronary artery disease pathways, and miR-302c is part of coronary artery disease, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure pathways. In vitro experiments confirmed a dose-dependent expression of miR-128 in MVs released from A549 cells after 6 h of PM treatment (P = 0.030). MiR-302c was expressed neither from A549 cells nor in reference lung RNA. These results suggest novel PM-activated molecular mechanisms that may mediate the effects of air pollution and could lead to the identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bollati
- Center of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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42
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Siddeek B, Inoubli L, Lakhdari N, Rachel PB, Fussell KC, Schneider S, Mauduit C, Benahmed M. MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers in diseases and toxicology. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 764-765:46-57. [PMID: 24486656 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs (microRNAs) are single-stranded non-coding RNAs of approximately 21-23 nucleotides in length whose main function is to inhibit gene expression by interfering with mRNA processes. MicroRNAs suppress gene expression by affecting mRNA (messenger RNAs) stability, targeting the mRNA for degradation, or both. In this review, we have examined how microRNA expression could be altered following exposure to chemicals and how they could represent appropriate tissue and more interestingly circulating biomarkers. Among the key questions before using the microRNA for evaluation of risk toxicity, it remains still to clarify how they could be causally involved in the adverse effects and how stable their changes are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénazir Siddeek
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 5, Nice, F-06204, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, F-06000, France; BASF Agro, Ecully F-69130, France
| | - Lilia Inoubli
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 5, Nice, F-06204, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, F-06000, France
| | - Nadjem Lakhdari
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 5, Nice, F-06204, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, F-06000, France
| | - Paul Bellon Rachel
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 5, Nice, F-06204, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, F-06000, France
| | | | - Steffen Schneider
- BASF SE, experimental toxicology and ecology, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Claire Mauduit
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 5, Nice, F-06204, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, F-06000, France; Université Lyon 1, UFR Médecine Lyon Sud, Lyon, F-69921, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, laboratoire d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques, Pierre-Bénite, F-69495, France
| | - Mohamed Benahmed
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 5, Nice, F-06204, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UFR Médecine, Nice, F-06000, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Digestif, Gynécologie, Obstetrique, Centre de Reproduction, Nice, F-06202, France.
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43
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Izzotti A, Pulliero A. The effects of environmental chemical carcinogens on the microRNA machinery. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:601-27. [PMID: 24560354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The first evidence that microRNA expression is early altered by exposure to environmental chemical carcinogens in still healthy organisms was obtained for cigarette smoke. To date, the cumulative experimental data indicate that similar effects are caused by a variety of environmental carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitropyrenes, endocrine disruptors, airborne mixtures, carcinogens in food and water, and carcinogenic drugs. Accordingly, the alteration of miRNA expression is a general mechanism that plays an important pathogenic role in linking exposure to environmental toxic agents with their pathological consequences, mainly including cancer development. This review summarizes the existing experimental evidence concerning the effects of chemical carcinogens on the microRNA machinery. For each carcinogen, the specific microRNA alteration signature, as detected in experimental studies, is reported. These data are useful for applying microRNA alterations as early biomarkers of biological effects in healthy organisms exposed to environmental carcinogens. However, microRNA alteration results in carcinogenesis only if accompanied by other molecular damages. As an example, microRNAs altered by chemical carcinogens often inhibits the expression of mutated oncogenes. The long-term exposure to chemical carcinogens causes irreversible suppression of microRNA expression thus allowing the transduction into proteins of mutated oncogenes. This review also analyzes the existing knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which environmental carcinogens alter microRNA expression. The underlying molecular mechanism involves p53-microRNA interconnection, microRNA adduct formation, and alterations of Dicer function. On the whole, reported findings provide evidence that microRNA analysis is a molecular toxicology tool that can elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms activated by environmental carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy; Mutagenesis Unit, IRCCS University Hospital San Martino - IST National Research Cancer Institute, Genoa, Italy.
| | - A Pulliero
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
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44
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Wagner JG, Allen K, Yang HY, Nan B, Morishita M, Mukherjee B, Dvonch JT, Spino C, Fink GD, Rajagopalan S, Sun Q, Brook RD, Harkema JR. Cardiovascular depression in rats exposed to inhaled particulate matter and ozone: effects of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:27-33. [PMID: 24169565 PMCID: PMC3888573 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High ambient levels of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in people with preexisting cardiopulmonary diseases. Enhanced susceptibility to the toxicity of air pollutants may include individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that cardiovascular responses to O3 and PM2.5 will be enhanced in rats with diet-induced MetS. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fructose diet (HFrD) to induce MetS and then exposed to O3, concentrated ambient PM2.5, or the combination of O3 plus PM2.5 for 9 days. Data related to heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and blood pressure (BP) were collected. RESULTS Consistent with MetS, HFrD rats were hypertensive and insulin resistant, and had elevated fasting levels of blood glucose and triglycerides. Decreases in HR and BP, which were found in all exposure groups, were greater and more persistent in HFrD rats compared with those fed a normal diet (ND). Coexposure to O3 plus PM2.5 induced acute drops in HR and BP in all rats, but only ND rats adapted after 2 days. HFrD rats had little exposure-related changes in HRV, whereas ND rats had increased HRV during O3 exposure, modest decreases with PM2.5, and dramatic decreases during O3 plus PM2.5 coexposures. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular depression in O3- and PM2.5-exposed rats was enhanced and prolonged in rats with HFrD-induced MetS. These results in rodents suggest that people with MetS may be prone to similar exaggerated BP and HR responses to inhaled air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Wagner
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, and
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45
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Martínez-Pacheco M, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Romero-Córdoba S, Valverde M, Rojas E. MRNA and miRNA expression patterns associated to pathways linked to metal mixture health effects. Gene 2013; 533:508-14. [PMID: 24080485 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metals are a threat to human health by increasing disease risk. Experimental data have linked altered miRNA expression with exposure to some metals. MiRNAs comprise a large family of non-coding single-stranded molecules that primarily function to negatively regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Although several human populations are exposed to low concentrations of As, Cd and Pb as a mixture, most toxicology research focuses on the individual effects that these metals exert. Thus, this study aims to evaluate global miRNA and mRNA expression changes induced by a metal mixture containing NaAsO2, CdCl2, Pb(C2H3O2)2·3H2O and to predict possible metal-associated disease development under these conditions. Our results show that this metal mixture results in a miRNA expression profile that may be responsible for the mRNA expression changes observed under experimental conditions in which coding proteins are involved in cellular processes, including cell death, growth and proliferation related to the metal-associated inflammatory response and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martínez-Pacheco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, C.U., 04510 México, México
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46
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Meng Q, Richmond-Bryant J, Lu SE, Buckley B, Welsh WJ, Whitsel EA, Hanna A, Yeatts KB, Warren J, Herring AH, Xiu A. Cardiovascular outcomes and the physical and chemical properties of metal ions found in particulate matter air pollution: a QICAR study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:558-64. [PMID: 23462649 PMCID: PMC3673192 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper presents an application of quantitative ion character-activity relationships (QICAR) to estimate associations of human cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVDs) with a set of metal ion properties commonly observed in ambient air pollutants. QICAR has previously been used to predict ecotoxicity of inorganic metal ions based on ion properties. OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to examine potential associations of biological end points with a set of physical and chemical properties describing inorganic metal ions present in exposures using QICAR. METHODS Chemical and physical properties of 17 metal ions were obtained from peer-reviewed publications. Associations of cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and thrombosis with exposures to metal ions (measured as inference scores) were obtained from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). Robust regressions were applied to estimate the associations of CVDs with ion properties. RESULTS CVD was statistically significantly associated (Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of 0.003) with many ion properties reflecting ion size, solubility, oxidation potential, and abilities to form covalent and ionic bonds. The properties are relevant for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which has been identified as a possible mechanism leading to CVDs. CONCLUSION QICAR has the potential to complement existing epidemiologic methods for estimating associations between CVDs and air pollutant exposures by providing clues about the underlying mechanisms that may explain these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Meng
- School of Public Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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47
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Levänen B, Bhakta NR, Paredes PT, Barbeau R, Hiltbrunner S, Pollack JL, Sköld CM, Svartengren M, Grunewald J, Gabrielsson S, Eklund A, Larsson BM, Woodruff PG, Erle DJ, Wheelock ÅM. Altered microRNA profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exosomes in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:894-903. [PMID: 23333113 PMCID: PMC4013392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by increased airway narrowing in response to nonspecific stimuli. The disorder is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles of endosomal origin released from inflammatory and epithelial cells that have been implicated in asthma. In this study we characterized the microRNA (miRNA) content of exosomes in healthy control subjects and patients with mild intermittent asthma both at unprovoked baseline and in response to environmental challenge. OBJECTIVE To investigate alterations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) exosomal miRNA profiles due to asthma, and following subway air exposure. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from BALF from healthy control subjects (n = 10) and patients with mild intermittent asthma (n = 10) after subway and control exposures. Exosomal RNA was analyzed by using microarrays containing probes for 894 human miRNAs, and selected findings were validated with quantitative RT-PCR. Results were analyzed by using multivariate modeling. RESULTS The presence of miRNAs was confirmed in exosomes from BALF of both asthmatic patients and healthy control subjects. Significant differences in BALF exosomal miRNA was detected for 24 miRNAs with a subset of 16 miRNAs, including members of the let-7 and miRNA-200 families, providing robust classification of patients with mild nonsymptomatic asthma from healthy subjects with 72% cross-validated predictive power (Q(2) = 0.72). In contrast, subway exposure did not cause any significant alterations in miRNA profiles. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate substantial differences in exosomal miRNA profiles between healthy subjects and patients with unprovoked, mild, stable asthma. These changes might be important in the inflammatory response leading to bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Levänen
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, and the Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Nirav R. Bhakta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco
| | | | | | - Stefanie Hiltbrunner
- Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | | | - C. Magnus Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, and the Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Magnus Svartengren
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, and the Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Susanne Gabrielsson
- Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Anders Eklund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, and the Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Britt-Marie Larsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Prescott G. Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco
| | - David J. Erle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco
- Lung Biology Center, University of California–San Francisco
| | - Åsa M. Wheelock
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, and the Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
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48
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Perez CM, Ledbetter AD, Hazari MS, Haykal-Coates N, Carll AP, Winsett DW, Costa DL, Farraj AK. Hypoxia stress test reveals exaggerated cardiovascular effects in hypertensive rats after exposure to the air pollutant acrolein. Toxicol Sci 2013; 132:467-77. [PMID: 23335627 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in susceptible populations. Despite increased risk, adverse responses are often delayed and require additional stress tests to reveal latent effects of exposure. The goal of this study was to use an episode of "transient hypoxia" as an extrinsic stressor to uncover latent susceptibility to environmental pollutants in a rodent model of hypertension. We hypothesized that exposure to acrolein, an unsaturated aldehyde and mucosal irritant found in cigarette smoke, diesel exhaust, and power plant emissions, would increase cardiopulmonary sensitivity to hypoxia, particularly in hypertensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto (normotensive) rats, implanted with radiotelemeters, were exposed once for 3h to 3 ppm acrolein gas or filtered air in whole-body plethysmograph chambers and challenged with a 10% oxygen atmosphere (10min) 24h later. Acrolein exposure increased heart rate, blood pressure, breathing frequency, and minute volume in hypertensive rats and also increased the heart rate variability parameter LF, suggesting a potential role for increased sympathetic tone. Normotensive rats only had increased blood pressure during acrolein exposure. The hypoxia stress test after acrolein exposure revealed increased diastolic blood pressure only in hypertensive rats and increased minute volume and expiratory time only in normotensive rats. These results suggest that hypertension confers exaggerated sensitivity to air pollution and that the hypoxia stress test is a novel tool to reveal the potential latent effects of air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Perez
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
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Watkins A, Danilewitz M, Kusha M, Massé S, Urch B, Quadros K, Spears D, Farid T, Nanthakumar K. Air pollution and arrhythmic risk: the smog is yet to clear. Can J Cardiol 2012; 29:734-41. [PMID: 23219609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence has demonstrated that air pollution may impair cardiovascular health, leading to potentially life-threatening arrhythmias. Efforts have been made, with the use of epidemiologic data and controlled exposures in diverse animal and human populations, to verify the relationship between air pollution and arrhythmias. The purpose of this review is to examine and contrast the epidemiologic and toxicologic evidence to date that relates airborne pollutants with cardiac arrhythmia. We have explored the potential biological mechanisms driving this association. Using the PubMed database, we conducted a literature search that included the terms "air pollution" and "arrhythmia" and eventually divergent synonyms such as "particulate matter," "bradycardia," and "atrial fibrillation." We reviewed epidemiologic studies and controlled human and animal exposures independently to determine whether observational conclusions were corroborated by toxicologic results. Numerous pollutants have demonstrated some arrhythmic capacity among healthy and health-compromised populations. However, some exposure studies have shown no significant correlation of air pollutants with arrhythmia, which suggests some uncertainty about the arrhythmogenic potential of air pollution and the mechanisms involved in arrhythmogenesis. While data from an increasing number of controlled exposures with human volunteers suggest a potential mechanistic link between air pollution and altered cardiac electrophysiology, definite conclusions regarding air pollution and arrhythmia are elusive as the direct arrhythmic effects of air pollutants are not entirely consistent across all studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Watkins
- Department of Environmental Services, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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50
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MicroRNA-27a Regulates Cardiomyocytic Apoptosis During Cardioplegia-Induced Cardiac Arrest by Targeting Interleukin 10–Related Pathways. Shock 2012; 38:607-14. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318271f944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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