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Santha SSR, Vishwanathan AS. Mechanistic insights into 5-lipoxygenase inhibition by pyocyanin: a molecular docking and molecular dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9752-9760. [PMID: 34143945 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1934543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyocyanin, a redox-active phenazine pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity. However, whether pyocyanin can directly block the enzymatic activity by binding at the active site still remains a question because of its ability to produce superoxide radicals and H2O2. With the objective of characterizing this mechanism, we carried out molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations and performed Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) binding energy studies. The results of the study revealed that pyocyanin is dynamically stable at the active site of 5-LOX and its MMPBSA binding energy (-84.720 kJ/mol) is comparable to that of the 5-LOX standard inhibitor zileuton (-72.729 kJ/mol). Similar studies using three other phenazine derivatives - 1-hydroxyphenazine, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and phenazine-1-carboxamide - also showed encouraging results. In light of this evidence, we postulate as a proof of concept that pyocyanin and these phenazine derivatives have the potential to inhibit 5-LOX activity by directly binding at the active site and blocking enzymatic catalysis of the substrate. Considering the potential of 5-LOX inhibitors in inflammatory diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis, the findings of this study open up the exploration of phenazine derivatives in structure-based drug design against 5-LOX. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A S Vishwanathan
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Rodrigues SAD, Pontelo TP, Kussano NR, Kawamoto TS, Leme LO, Caixeta FMC, Pfeifer LFM, Franco MM, Dode MAN. Effects of Prostaglandins E2 and F2α on the in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106447. [PMID: 32403000 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the effects of PGE2 and PGF2α on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes. First, cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in the media supplemented with or without PGE2, PGF2α, or PGE2 plus PGF2α for the final 24, 12, or 6 h of culture. Then, the cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in the absence or presence of a PG endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) enzyme inhibitor (NS398) supplemented with PGE2, PGF2α, or PGE2 plus PGF2α. Finally, the expression of genes associated with PGs activity in cumulus cells (PTGS2, PG E-synthase-1 [PTGES1], and aldo-keto reductase 1 [AKR1B1]) or oocytes (receptors for PGE2 [PTGER2] and PGF2α [PTGFR]) of different competencies was quantified. Supplementation of the IVM medium with PGs did not improve in vitro embryo production or embryo quality (P > 0.05). During maturation, the relative abundance of PTGS2 transcripts increased (P < 0.05) only in the less-competent group, whereas those of PTGES1 increased in the less-competent and in the more-competent groups. Conversely, AKR1B1 expression decreased only in the less-competent group (P < 0.05). Receptors for the PGE2 and PGF2α genes were very low or undetectable in oocytes. In conclusion, PGE2 and PGF2α are not recommended for media supplementation during maturation because they have no effect on embryo development. Although genes related to PGs activity are differentially expressed in cumulus cells of cumulus-oocyte complexes of different competence during maturation, the expression of PGE2 and PGF2α receptor genes was either not detectable or was detected at low levels in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thais P Pontelo
- Federal University of Lavras, Veterinary Science, Lavras, MG 32700-000, Brazil
| | - Nayara R Kussano
- University of Brasília, Animal Biology, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Taynan S Kawamoto
- Federal University Uberlândia, Animal Science, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Ligiane O Leme
- Federal University of Espírito Santo, Animal Science, Vitória, ES 29075-073, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mauricio M Franco
- Federal University Uberlândia, Animal Science, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil; Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Margot A N Dode
- University of Brasília, Animal Science, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil; Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil.
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Luo Y, Wang L, Peng A, Liu JY. Metabolic profiling of human plasma reveals the activation of 5-lipoxygenase in the acute attack of gouty arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 58:345-351. [PMID: 30247644 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Monosodium urate-induced inflammation plays a vital role in acute gout (AG). Inflammation is a multi-stage process involved in the acute release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites. However, the function of the metabolism of arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids in AG is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the modification of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism by AG. Methods Plasma samples from patients with an AG attack (n = 26) and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 26) were analysed by metabolic profiling of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The findings were further validated with a second cohort (n = 20 each group). The associated mechanisms were investigated in whole blood cells from the second cohort and neutrophils in vitro. Results Plasma metabolic profiling revealed a significant increase in leukotriene B4 (LTB4) for AG patients in both cohorts. The increase in plasma LTB4 was accounted for by the dynamic balance between the activation of 5-lipoxygenase and CYP4F3, the former mediating the biosynthesis of LTB4 and the latter mediating its metabolism. This was supported by significantly increased transcriptional levels of 5-lipoxygenase and CYP4F3 in whole blood cells from AG patients compared with those of controls, and the uric acid-caused dose-relevant and time-dependent activation of 5-lipoxygenase and CYP4F3 at the transcriptional and molecular levels in vitro. Conclusion Increased LTB4 in AG patients is mainly due to activation of 5-lipoxygenase. 5-Lipoxygenase inhibition may be of therapeutic value clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai Peng
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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The mercapturomic profile of health and non-communicable diseases. High Throughput 2019; 8:ht8020010. [PMID: 31018482 PMCID: PMC6630208 DOI: 10.3390/ht8020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mercapturate pathway is a unique metabolic circuitry that detoxifies electrophiles upon adducts formation with glutathione. Since its discovery over a century ago, most of the knowledge on the mercapturate pathway has been provided from biomonitoring studies on environmental exposure to toxicants. However, the mercapturate pathway-related metabolites that is formed in humans—the mercapturomic profile—in health and disease is yet to be established. In this paper, we put forward the hypothesis that these metabolites are key pathophysiologic factors behind the onset and development of non-communicable chronic inflammatory diseases. This review goes from the evidence in the formation of endogenous metabolites undergoing the mercapturate pathway to the methodologies for their assessment and their association with cancer and respiratory, neurologic and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Ladva CN, Golan R, Liang D, Greenwald R, Walker DI, Uppal K, Raysoni AU, Tran V, Yu T, Flanders WD, Miller GW, Jones DP, Sarnat JA. Particulate metal exposures induce plasma metabolome changes in a commuter panel study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203468. [PMID: 30231074 PMCID: PMC6145583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have enabled high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to emerge as a sensitive tool for measuring environmental exposures and corresponding biological response. Using measurements collected as part of a large, panel-based study of car commuters, the current analysis examines in-vehicle air pollution concentrations, targeted inflammatory biomarker levels, and metabolomic profiles to trace potential metabolic perturbations associated with on-road traffic exposures. METHODS A 60-person panel of adults participated in a crossover study, where each participant conducted a highway commute and randomized to either a side-street commute or clinic exposure session. In addition to in-vehicle exposure characterizations, participants contributed pre- and post-exposure dried blood spots for 2-hr changes in targeted proinflammatory and vascular injury biomarkers and 10-hr changes in the plasma metabolome. Samples were analyzed on a Thermo QExactive MS system in positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. Data were processed and analyzed in R using apLCMS, xMSanalyzer, and limma. Features associated with environmental exposures or biological endpoints were identified with a linear mixed effects model and annotated through human metabolic pathway analysis in mummichog. RESULTS HRM detected 10-hr perturbations in 110 features associated with in-vehicle, particulate metal exposures (Al, Pb, and Fe) which reflect changes in arachidonic acid, leukotriene, and tryptophan metabolism. Two-hour changes in proinflammatory biomarkers hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β were also associated with 10-hr changes in the plasma metabolome, suggesting diverse amino acid, leukotriene, and antioxidant metabolism effects. A putatively identified metabolite, 20-OH-LTB4, decreased after in-vehicle exposure to particulate metals, suggesting a subclinical immune response. CONCLUSIONS Acute exposures to traffic-related air pollutants are associated with broad inflammatory response, including several traditional markers of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandresh Nanji Ladva
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Rachel Golan
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Donghai Liang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Roby Greenwald
- Department of Environmental Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Karan Uppal
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Amit U. Raysoni
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - W. Dana Flanders
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Gary W. Miller
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Jeremy A. Sarnat
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Percher F, Curis C, Pérès E, Artesi M, Rosewick N, Jeannin P, Gessain A, Gout O, Mahieux R, Ceccaldi PE, Van den Broeke A, Duc Dodon M, Afonso PV. HTLV-1-induced leukotriene B4 secretion by T cells promotes T cell recruitment and virus propagation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15890. [PMID: 28639618 PMCID: PMC5489682 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is efficiently transmitted through cellular contacts. While the molecular mechanisms of viral cell-to-cell propagation have been extensively studied in vitro, those facilitating the encounter between infected and target cells remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that HTLV-1-infected CD4 T cells secrete a potent chemoattractant, leukotriene B4 (LTB4). LTB4 secretion is dependent on Tax-induced transactivation of the pla2g4c gene, which encodes the cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma. Inhibition of LTB4 secretion or LTB4 receptor knockdown on target cells reduces T-cell recruitment, cellular contact formation and virus propagation in vitro. Finally, blocking the synthesis of LTB4 in a humanized mouse model of HTLV-1 infection significantly reduces proviral load. This results from a decrease in the number of infected clones while their expansion is not impaired. This study shows the critical role of LTB4 secretion in HTLV-1 transmission both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Percher
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Céline Curis
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Eléonore Pérès
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, ENS de Lyon, INSERM U1210 CNRS-UCBL UMR 5239, UMS 3444 SFR Biosciences-Lyon, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Maria Artesi
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Rosewick
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1000, Belgium
| | - Patricia Jeannin
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Olivier Gout
- Service de Neurologie, Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris F-75019, France
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, ENS de Lyon, and Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR 5308, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Anne Van den Broeke
- Unit of Animal Genomics, Groupe Interdisciplinaire Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Université de Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1000, Belgium
| | - Madeleine Duc Dodon
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, ENS de Lyon, INSERM U1210 CNRS-UCBL UMR 5239, UMS 3444 SFR Biosciences-Lyon, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Philippe V. Afonso
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
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4-Aminopyridine, A Blocker of Voltage-Dependent K+ Channels, Restores Blood Pressure and Improves Survival in the Wistar Rat Model of Anaphylactic Shock. Crit Care Med 2017; 44:e1082-e1089. [PMID: 27270180 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anaphylactic shock is associated with severe hypotension. Potassium channel blockers, such as 4-aminopyridine, induce vasoconstriction. The objective of this study was to test the ability of 4-aminopyridine to restore blood pressure and increase survival in anaphylactic shock. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Physiology laboratory. SUBJECTS Adult male Wistar rats. INTERVENTIONS Rats were sensitized with ovalbumin (1 mg SC), and anaphylactic shock was induced by IV injection of ovalbumin (1 mg). Experimental groups included non-allergic rats (NA) (n = 6); allergic rats (Controls) (n = 6); allergic rats treated with 4-aminopyridine (4-aminopyridine) (1 mg/kg) (n = 6); and allergic rats treated with epinephrine (EPI) (10 µg/kg) (n = 6). Treatments were administered 1 minute after induction of anaphylactic shock. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and survival were measured for 60 minutes. Plasma levels of histamine, leukotriene B4, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2, pH, and HCO3 were measured. Mean arterial blood pressure was normal in the NA group; severe hypotension and high mortality were observed in controls; normalization of mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and increased survival were observed in 4-aminopyridine and EPI groups. All allergic 4-aminopyridine-treated rats survived after the induction of anaphylactic shock. Histamine level was higher in controls and the 4-aminopyridine group but reduced in the EPI group. Prostaglandin E2 increased in controls and EPI group and decreased in 4-aminopyridine group; prostaglandin F2 increased in controls but decreased in 4-aminopyridine and EPI groups. Leukotriene B4 decreased in 4-aminopyridine and EPI groups. Metabolic acidosis was prevented in the 4-aminopyridine group. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that voltage-dependent K+ channel inhibition with 4-aminopyridine treatment restores blood pressure and increases survival in the Wistar rat model of anaphylactic shock. 4-aminopyridine or related voltage-dependent K channel blockers could be a useful additional therapeutic approach to treatment of refractory anaphylactic shock.
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Toffoli da Silva G, Espíndola MS, Fontanari C, Rosada RS, Faccioli LH, Ramos SG, Rodrigues V, Frantz FG. 5-lipoxygenase pathway is essential for the control of granuloma extension induced by Schistosoma mansoni eggs in lung. Exp Parasitol 2016; 167:124-9. [PMID: 27262746 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
According to WHO, it is estimated that approximately 2 billion people are infected with intestinal helminths worldwide and the number of people who are cured of these diseases is relatively low, resulting in a large percentage of chronically infected individuals. Schistosomiasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases present in developing countries configuring it as a serious public health problem, directly related to poverty and social disadvantage. Once the parasite infection is established, Schistosoma mansoni eggs fall into the bloodstream and are trapped in the liver microcirculation where a strong granulomatous response and fibrosis formation occurs. In the experimental model, granulomas develop in the mouse lung after intravenous injection of purified eggs. Here we aim to understand how leukotrienes are involved in the granuloma formation. Leukotrienes are lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid metabolites via 5-lipoxygenase (5LO) enzyme. They are potent proinflammatory agents and induce recruitment, cell activation, regulation of microbicidal activity of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells. In this study, 5LO deficient mice (5LO(-/-)) were inoculated with S. mansoni eggs for evaluation of immunopathological parameters involved in the induction of type 2 granulomas. We showed that in the absence of leukotrienes, the size of granulomas were decreased comparing to the wild type mice and the inflammatory compromised areas had a lower extension. In 5LO(-/-) mice granulomas presented extensive areas of fibrosis, detected by α-SMA expression along the lesions, indicating remodeling in attempt to reestablish the normal tissue. Also, comparing to WT mice we detected decrease of IL-4 and IL-13 and increase of TGF-β in the lung of 5LO(-/-), but these mice failed to produce protective IFN-γ and IL-12. These results evidenced 5-Lipoxygenase as an important pathway during lung injury due to Schistosoma-eggs injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Toffoli da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av do Cafe s/n, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Milena Sobral Espíndola
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av do Cafe s/n, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Fontanari
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av do Cafe s/n, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rogerio Silva Rosada
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av do Cafe s/n, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av do Cafe s/n, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Gusmão Ramos
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av dos Bandeirantes, 1900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vanderlei Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av dos Bandeirantes, 1900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabiani Gai Frantz
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av do Cafe s/n, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Lei X, Li Q, Rodriguez S, Tan SY, Seldin MM, McLenithan JC, Jia W, Wong GW. Thromboxane synthase deficiency improves insulin action and attenuates adipose tissue fibrosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E792-804. [PMID: 25738781 PMCID: PMC4420899 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00383.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thromboxane A2, an arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoid generated by thromboxane synthase (TBXAS), plays critical roles in hemostasis and inflammation. However, the contribution of thromboxane A2 to obesity-linked metabolic dysfunction remains incompletely understood. Here, we used in vitro and mouse models to better define the role of TBXAS in metabolic homeostasis. We found that adipose expression of Tbxas and thromboxane A2 receptor (Tbxa2r) was significantly upregulated in genetic and dietary mouse models of obesity and diabetes. Expression of Tbxas and Tbxa2r was detected in adipose stromal cells, including macrophages. Furthermore, stimulation of macrophages with interferon-γ or resistin factors known to be upregulated in obesity induced Tbxas and Tbxa2r expression. Mice lacking Tbxas had similar weight gain, food intake, and energy expenditure. However, loss of Tbxas markedly enhanced insulin sensitivity in mice fed a low-fat diet. Improvement in glucose homeostasis was correlated with the upregulated expression of multiple secreted metabolic regulators (Ctrp3, Ctrp9, and Ctrp12) in the visceral fat depot. Following a challenge with a high-fat diet, Tbxas deficiency led to attenuated adipose tissue fibrosis and reduced circulating IL-6 levels without adipose tissue macrophages being affected; however, these changes were not sufficient to improve whole body insulin action. Together, our results highlight a novel, diet-dependent role for thromboxane A2 in modulating peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lei
- Department of Physiology and Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Physiology and Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Susana Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology and Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stefanie Y Tan
- Department of Physiology and Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Physiology and Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John C McLenithan
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; and
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology and Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;
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Tian H, Zhan P, Zhang H. Development of a fatty acid fingerprint of white apricot almond oil by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Tian
- Food College of Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University; School of Food Science and Technology; Wuxi Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Food College of Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University; School of Food Science and Technology; Wuxi Jiangsu, P. R. China
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11
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Abstract
This review describes the design and current development of leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors as potential antiinflammatory agents. Knowledge of the enzymatic mechanism of 5-lipoxygenase led to specific inhibitors of this enzyme which catalyzes a key step in the leukotriene pathway. Competitive inhibitors include iron chelators, redox agents and alternate substrates. Further, the potential of product inhibitors and mechanism based inactivators of 5-lipoxygenase is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Cashman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143
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12
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Dhanasekaran S, Nemmar A, Aburawi EH, Kazzam EE, Abdulle A, Bellou M, Bellou A. Glyburide, a K+ATP channel blocker, improves hypotension and survival in anaphylactic shock induced in Wistar rats sensitized to ovalbumin. Eur J Pharmacol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Cooke M, Di Cónsoli H, Maloberti P, Cornejo Maciel F. Expression and function of OXE receptor, an eicosanoid receptor, in steroidogenic cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 371:71-8. [PMID: 23159987 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hormonal regulation of steroidogenesis involves arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. One of the products, 5-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HpETE), acts as a modulator of the activity of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein promoter. Besides, an oxoeicosanoid receptor of the leukotriene receptor family named OXE-R is a membrane protein with high affinity and response to 5-HpETE, among other AA derivatives. The aim of our work was to elucidate whether this receptor may be involved in steroidogenesis. RT-PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated the presence of the mRNA and protein of the receptor in human H295R adrenocortical cells. The treatment of H295R or MA-10 cells (murine Leydig cell line) with 8Br-cAMP together with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, an antagonist of the receptor) partially reduced StAR induction and steroidogenesis. On the contrary, 5-oxo-ETE - the prototypical agonist, with higher affinity and potency on the receptor - increased cAMP-dependent steroid production, StAR mRNA and protein levels. These results lead us to conclude that AA might modulate StAR induction and steroidogenesis, at least in part, through 5-HpETE production and activation of a membrane receptor, such as the OXE-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cooke
- INBIOMED - UBA/CONICET, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Trindade BC, Sorgi CA, Nicolete LDDF, Malta TM, Pinto MT, Takayanagui OM, Covas DT, Filho OAM, Kashima S, Faccioli LH. Leukotrienes are upregulated and associated with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated neuroinflammatory disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51873. [PMID: 23284797 PMCID: PMC3527467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators involved in several inflammatory disorders. We investigated the LT pathway in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection by evaluating LT levels in HTLV-1-infected patients classified according to the clinical status as asymptomatic carriers (HACs) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients. Bioactive LTB4 and CysLTs were both increased in the plasma and in the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures of HTLV-1-infected when compared to non-infected. Interestingly, CysLT concentrations were increased in HAM/TSP patients. Also, the concentration of plasma LTB4 and LTC4 positively correlated with the HTLV-1 proviral load in HTLV-1-infected individuals. The gene expression levels of LT receptors were differentially modulated in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of HTLV-1-infected patients. Analysis of the overall plasma signature of immune mediators demonstrated that LT and chemokine amounts were elevated during HTLV-1 infection. Importantly, in addition to CysLTs, IP-10 was also identified as a biomarker for HAM/TSP activity. These data suggest that LTs are likely to be associated with HTLV-1 infection and HAM/TSP development, suggesting their putative use for clinical monitoring.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokines/genetics
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Female
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Leukotrienes/genetics
- Leukotrienes/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/immunology
- Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/metabolism
- Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/virology
- Proviruses/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Leukotriene/genetics
- Receptors, Leukotriene/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Caetano Trindade
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunologia das Parasitoses, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Artério Sorgi
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunologia das Parasitoses, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tathiane Maistro Malta
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular/Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Tomazini Pinto
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular/Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Massaiti Takayanagui
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular/Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins Filho
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular/Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunologia das Parasitoses, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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15
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Inhibition of the production of mediators of inflammation by corticosteroids is a glucocorticoid receptor-mediated process. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 5:100-3. [PMID: 18475705 PMCID: PMC2365783 DOI: 10.1155/s0962935196000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to find an explanation for corticosteroid resistance we assessed whether inhibition by dexamethasone (DEX) of the stimulated production of TNF- proportional, variant, IL-6, PGE(2) and LTB(4) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) depends on binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and whether it is determined by the number or the affinity of the GR of these cells. GR number and affinity of MNC were determined by means of a whole cell DEX binding assay. MNC were incubated with DEX and LPS or A23187 in the absence or presence of RU486, a potent steroid antagonist. DEX caused a concentration dependent inhibition of TNF- proportional, variant, IL-6 and PGE(2) production but had no effect on LTB(4) production. RU486 significantly blocked the effect of DEX, but no correlations were found between the inhibition of mediator release and the K(d) or receptor number.
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16
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Enhanced levels of leukotriene B(4) in synovial fluid in Lyme disease. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2:225-8. [PMID: 18475526 PMCID: PMC2365404 DOI: 10.1155/s0962935193000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/1993] [Accepted: 03/22/1993] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential role of LTB(4) and cysteinyl leukotrienes in Lyme disease (LD). Therefore, a total number of 34 patients divided into four groups was studied. The patients were classified as having Lyme arthritis (n = 7) or Lyme meningitis (n = 10), and as control groups patients with a noninflammatory arthropathy (NIA) (n = 7) and healthy subjects (n = 10). LTB(4) as well as LTC(4) secretion from stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) from all groups of patients showed no statistical differences. LTB(4) levels in synovial fluid were significantly increased in patients with Lyme arthritis (median 142 ng/ml, range 88-296) when compared to the control subjects with NIA (median 46 ng/ml, range 28-72) (p < 0.05). No statistical difference of urinary LTE(4) levels between all the different groups of patients was observed. These results show that cysteinyl leukotrienes do not play an important role in the pathogenesis of LD. In contrast to previous findings in rheumatoid arthritis, LTB(4) production from stimulated PMNL was not found to be increased in LD. However, the significantly elevated levels of LTB(4) in synovial fluid of patients with Lyme arthritis underline the involvement of LTB(4) in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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17
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van Hoof HJ, Zijlstra FJ, Voss HP, Garrelds IM, Dormans JA, van Bree L, Bast A. The effect of ozone exposure on the release of eicosanoids in guinea-pig BAL fluid in relation to cellular damage and inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 6:355-61. [PMID: 18472870 PMCID: PMC2365875 DOI: 10.1080/09629359791497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The observed effects after ozone exposure strongly depend on ozone concentration and exposure time. We hypothesized that depending on the O3 exposure protocol, mainly either an oxidant damage or an inflammation will determine the O3 toxicity. We compared two different ozone exposure protocols: an acute exposure (3 ppm 2 h) for studying the oxidant damage and an exposure (1 ppm 12 h) where an inflammatory component is also probably involved. We measured LDH activity and protein and albumin exudation as markers for cellular damage. After the acute exposure an increase in LDH activity was measured and after exposure to 1 ppm ozone for 12 h the exudation of protein and albumin was also enhanced. The histological examinations showed a neutrophilic inflammatory response only after exposure to 1 ppm ozone for 12 h. The acute exposure protocol resulted in an increased release of PGE2, PGD2, PGF2alpha and 6-ketoPGF1alpha whereas exposure to 1 ppm ozone for 12 h led to an additional release of LTB4. No effects were measured on the release of TxB2 and LTC4/D4/E4. These changed amounts of eicosanoids will probably contribute to the ozone-induced lung function changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J van Hoof
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Department of Pharmacochemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
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18
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Clements SE, Techanukul T, Lai-Cheong JE, Mee JB, South AP, Pourreyron C, Burrows NP, Mellerio JE, McGrath JA. Mutations in AEC syndrome skin reveal a role for p63 in basement membrane adhesion, skin barrier integrity and hair follicle biology. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:134-44. [PMID: 22329826 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AEC (ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-clefting) syndrome is an autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia disorder caused by mutations in the transcription factor p63. Clinically, the skin is dry and often fragile; other features can include partial eyelid fusion (ankyloblepharon), hypodontia, orofacial clefting, sparse hair or alopecia, and nail dystrophy. OBJECTIVES To investigate how p63 gene mutations affect gene and protein expression in AEC syndrome skin. METHODS We performed microarray analysis on samples of intact and eroded AEC syndrome skin compared with control skin. Changes were verified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and, for basal keratinocyte-associated genes, by immunohistochemistry and analysis of microdissected skin. RESULTS We identified significant upregulation of six genes and downregulation of 69 genes in AEC syndrome skin, with the main changes in genes implicated in epidermal adhesion, skin barrier formation and hair follicle biology. There was reduced expression of genes encoding the basement membrane proteins FRAS1 and collagen VII, as well as the skin barrier-associated small proline-rich proteins 1A and 4, late cornified envelope protein 5A, hornerin, and lipid transporters including ALOX15B. Reduced expression of the hair-associated keratins 25, 27, 31, 33B, 34, 35, 81 and 85 was also noted. We also confirmed similar alterations in gene expression for 26 of the 75 genes in eroded AEC scalp skin. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies specific changes in skin structural biology and signalling pathways that result from mutant p63 and provides new molecular insight into the AEC syndrome phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Clements
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London SE1 9RT, UK
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19
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Petersen B, Austen KF, Bloch KD, Hotta Y, Ichinose F, Kanaoka Y, Zapol WM. Cysteinyl leukotrienes impair hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in endotoxemic mice. Anesthesiology 2011; 115:804-11. [PMID: 21934409 PMCID: PMC3194098 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e31822e94bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis impairs hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in patients and animal models, contributing to systemic hypoxemia. Concentrations of cysteinyl leukotrienes are increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with sepsis, but the contribution of cysteinyl leukotrienes to the impairment of HPV is unknown. METHODS Wild-type mice, mice deficient in leukotriene C(4) synthase, the enzyme responsible for cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis, and mice deficient in cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 were studied 18 h after challenge with either saline or endotoxin. HPV was measured by the increase in left pulmonary vascular resistance induced by left mainstem bronchus occlusion. Concentrations of cysteinyl leukotrienes were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RESULTS In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of all three strains, cysteinyl leukotrienes were not detectable after saline challenge; whereas endotoxin challenge increased cysteinyl leukotriene concentrations in wild-type mice and mice deficient in cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1, but not in mice deficient in leukotriene C(4) synthase. HPV did not differ among the three mouse strains after saline challenge (120 ± 26, 114 ± 16, and 115 ± 24%, respectively; mean ± SD). Endotoxin challenge markedly impaired HPV in wild-type mice (41 ± 20%) but only marginally in mice deficient in leukotriene C(4) synthase (96 ± 16%, P < 0.05 vs. wild-type mice), thereby preserving systemic oxygenation. Although endotoxin modestly decreased HPV in mice deficient in cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (80 ± 29%, P < 0.05 vs. saline challenge), the magnitude of impairment was markedly less than in endotoxin-challenged wild-type mice. CONCLUSION Cysteinyl leukotrienes importantly contribute to endotoxin-induced impairment of HPV in part via a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Petersen
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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20
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21
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De Caterina R, Giannessi D, Lazzerini G, Bernini W, Sicari R, Cupelli F, Lenzi S, Rugolotto MM, Madonna R, Maclouf J. Sulfido-peptide leukotrienes in coronary heart disease - relationship with disease instability and myocardial ischaemia. Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40:258-72. [PMID: 20415701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary excretion of leukotriene (LT) E(4) is an index of LTC(4) biosynthesis and platelet-neutrophil interactions, which may occur in coronary heart disease and contribute to myocardial ischaemia. Enhanced LTC(4) biosynthesis may be a consequence of myocardial ischaemia or be linked to its pathogenetic substrate. METHODS AND RESULTS Overnight urine collections were obtained from 17 patients with chronic stable angina, three patients with Prinzmetal's angina, 16 patients with non ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS) and six patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). LTE(4) excretion was measured by enzyme immunoassay after HPLC separation. Compared with healthy controls (51.1 +/- 21.3 pg mg(-1) creatinine, mean +/- SD, n = 11) and with non-coronary cardiac controls (36.6 +/- 9.8 pg mg(-1) creatinine, n = 9), LTE(4) excretion was unchanged in stable angina (40.5 +/- 25.8 pg mg(-1) creatinine), but significantly (P < 0.01) increased in NSTE-ACS (122.7 +/- 137.2 pg mg(-1) creatinine) and STEMI (213.4 +/- 172.4 pg mg(-1) creatinine). In these patients, LTE(4) excretion rapidly dropped after day 1, consistent with effective coronary reperfusion. In patients with NSTE-ACS, the increase in LTE(4) excretion was entirely restricted to patients with recent (< 48 h) spontaneous anginal episodes. Myocardial ischaemia elicited by a positive exercise stress test was not accompanied by any detectable increase in LTE(4) excretion, while a significant (P < 0.01) increase was detected after a single-vessel percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) procedure (n = 10), as compared with diagnostic angiography (n = 9). CONCLUSIONS In coronary heart disease, increased LTC(4) biosynthesis is restricted to ACS and not linked to myocardial ischaemia per se, but likely to the occurrence of plaque disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- R De Caterina
- C.N.R. Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.
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22
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Global gene expression analysis reveals evidence for decreased lipid biosynthesis and increased innate immunity in uninvolved psoriatic skin. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:2795-804. [PMID: 19571819 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a genetically determined inflammatory skin disease. Although the transition from uninvolved into lesional skin is accompanied by changes in the expression of multiple genes, much less is known about the difference between uninvolved skin from psoriatic patients as opposed to skin from normal individuals. Multiple biochemical and morphological changes were reported decades ago in uninvolved psoriatic skin but remain poorly understood. Here, we show dysregulation of 223 transcripts representing 179 unique genes in uninvolved psoriatic skin, 178 of which were not previously known to be altered in their expression. The proteins encoded by these transcripts are involved in lipid metabolism, antimicrobial defenses, epidermal differentiation, and control of cutaneous vasculature. Cluster analysis of transcripts with significantly altered expression identified a group of genes involved in lipid metabolism with highly correlated gene expression. Promoter analysis showed enrichment for binding sites of three transcription factors; peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor alpha (PPARA), sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBF), and estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2), suggesting that the coordinate regulation of lipid metabolic genes may be related to the action of these factors. Taken together, our results identify a "pre-psoriatic" gene expression signature, suggesting decreased lipid biosynthesis and increased innate immunity in uninvolved psoriatic skin.
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Global gene expression analysis reveals evidence for decreased lipid biosynthesis and increased innate immunity in uninvolved psoriatic skin. THE JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY 2009. [PMID: 19571819 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a genetically determined inflammatory skin disease. Although the transition from uninvolved into lesional skin is accompanied by changes in the expression of multiple genes, much less is known about the difference between uninvolved skin from psoriatic patients as opposed to skin from normal individuals. Multiple biochemical and morphological changes were reported decades ago in uninvolved psoriatic skin but remain poorly understood. Here, we show dysregulation of 223 transcripts representing 179 unique genes in uninvolved psoriatic skin, 178 of which were not previously known to be altered in their expression. The proteins encoded by these transcripts are involved in lipid metabolism, antimicrobial defenses, epidermal differentiation, and control of cutaneous vasculature. Cluster analysis of transcripts with significantly altered expression identified a group of genes involved in lipid metabolism with highly correlated gene expression. Promoter analysis showed enrichment for binding sites of three transcription factors; peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor alpha (PPARA), sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBF), and estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2), suggesting that the coordinate regulation of lipid metabolic genes may be related to the action of these factors. Taken together, our results identify a "pre-psoriatic" gene expression signature, suggesting decreased lipid biosynthesis and increased innate immunity in uninvolved psoriatic skin.
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Sener G, Sehirli O, Toklu H, Ercan F, Alican I. Montelukast reduces ischaemia/reperfusion-induced bladder dysfunction and oxidant damage in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 2007; 59:837-42. [PMID: 17637175 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.6.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of the cysteinyl leukotriene-1 receptor antagonist montelukast on contractility and oxidant damage after ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) of rat urinary bladder. The abdominal aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats was occluded to induce I/R. Montelukast (10 mg kg(-1)) or saline was administered intraperitoneally before I/R. In the sham-operated group, the abdominal aorta was left intact and the animals were treated with montelukast or saline. After decapitation, the bladder was removed and the tissue was either used for functional studies or stored for biochemical assays. In the I/R group, the isometric contractile responses of the bladder strips to carbachol (10(-8)-10(-4) M) were lower than those of the control group and were reversed by treatment with montelukast. Lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase activity of the bladder tissues in the I/R group were greater than in the sham-operated group. Montelukast treatment in the I/R group decreased these parameters compared with I/R alone. Similarly, the significant decrease in tissue glutathione level in the I/R group compared with controls was also prevented by montelukast. Treatment with montelukast almost completely reversed the low contractile responses of rat urinary bladder to carbachol and prevented oxidative tissue damage following I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göksel Sener
- Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Haydarpaşa, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey.
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25
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Abstract
Mast cells possess an array of potent inflammatory mediators capable of inducing acute symptoms after cell activation, including urticaria, angioedema, bronchoconstriction, diarrhea, vomiting, hypotension, cardiovascular collapse, and death in few minutes. In contrast, mast cells can provide an array of beneficial mediators in the setting of acute infections, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The balance between the detrimental and beneficial roles of mast cells is not completely understood. Although the symptoms of acute mast cell mediator release can be reversed with epinephrine, adrenergic agonists, and mediator blockers, the continued release of histamine, proteases, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines, and chemokines leads to chronic and debilitating disease, such as mastocytosis. Identification of the molecular factors and mechanisms that control the synthesis and release of mast cell mediators should benefit all patients with mast cell activation syndromes and mastocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Castells
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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de Paula L, Santos WF, Malheiro A, Carlos D, Faccioli LH. Differential modulation of cell recruitment and acute edema in a model of Polybia paulista venom-induced inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:182-9. [PMID: 16399622 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2004] [Revised: 02/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hymenoptera stings are quite common and can cause inflammatory reactions (in nonallergic individuals) or serious reactions (in allergic individuals). Hymenoptera venom contains histamine, vasoactive kinins, serotonin, phospholipase A, phospholipase B, hyaluronidase, antigen 5 and mastoparans. Some of these substances are responsible for local pain, as well as for activation of complement and endothelial cells. Polybia paulista is a wasp typically found in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. In the present study, we evaluated inflammatory reactions in the peritoneal cavities of rats injected with P. paulista venom (PPV). We evaluated leukocyte recruitment and edema formation at the site of inflammation. After i.p. inoculation with PPV, there was dose-dependent and time-dependent recruitment of neutrophils, eosinophils and mononuclear cells. At 4 to 48 h after stimulus, administration of MK 886, a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor, completely abolished granulocyte recruitment to the peritoneal cavity. Therefore, leukotrienes seem to be the primary mediators of PPV-induced neutrophil and eosinophil recruitment. Inoculation with PPV also induced protein extravasation into the peritoneal cavity. This phenomenon was not inhibited by treatment with MK 886 or indomethacin (a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor), demonstrating that neither leukotrienes nor prostaglandins are involved in this inflammatory reaction. However, edema formation was significantly inhibited by treatment with pyrilamine, indicating that the histamine H1 receptor plays a critical role in PPV-induced formation of acute edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia de Paula
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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27
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Machado ER, Ueta MT, Lourenço EV, Anibal FF, Sorgi CA, Soares EG, Roque-Barreira MC, Medeiros AI, Faccioli LH. Leukotrienes play a role in the control of parasite burden in murine strongyloidiasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:3892-9. [PMID: 16148135 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.6.3892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is clear that leukotrienes mediate inflammatory response; new aspects of leukotriene function have recently been described. In this study, we demonstrate that leukotrienes are key chemical mediators in the control of parasite burdens in mice infected with Strongyloides venezuelensis. High leukotriene levels were detected in the lungs and small intestines of Swiss mice. In infected Swiss mice treated with MK886, a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor, numbers of adult worms, and eggs/g/feces were greater than in infected-only animals. The MK886 treatment inhibited leukotriene B(4) production in the lungs and small intestines, albeit on different postinfection days. Similarly, parasite burdens and eggs/g/feces were greater in 5-lipoxygenase(-/-) mice than in wild-type animals. These observation were confirmed by histopathological study of the duodena. We subsequently observed significant lower numbers of eosinophils and mononuclear cells in the blood, peritoneal cavity fluid, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Swiss mice treated with MK886. In the lung parenchyma of infected animals, MK886 significantly inhibited synthesis of IL-5 at the beginning of infection, whereas levels of IL-12 increased progressively throughout the postinfection period. However, levels of leukotriene C(4), PGE(2), TNF-alpha, IL-3, IL-4, IFN-gamma, and IL-10 were comparable between the treated and untreated groups. Nevertheless, IgE and IgG1 (but not IgG2a) synthesis was also significantly inhibited by MK886 administration. Therefore, in S. venezuelensis-infected mice, adult worm and egg burdens are leukotriene dependent. These findings indicate potential immunostimulatory strategies involving leukotriene administration, and may serve as an alert to physicians treating Strongyloides stercoralis-infected patients presenting asthma-like symptoms because use of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors may worsen the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleuza R Machado
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mita H, Higashi N, Taniguchi M, Higashi A, Akiyama K. Increase in urinary leukotriene B4 glucuronide concentration in patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma after intravenous aspirin challenge. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:1262-9. [PMID: 15298568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin challenge of aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) patients causes a significant increase in leukotriene E4 (LTE4) concentration in urine. However, knowledge on leukotriene B4 (LTB4) generation in patients with AIA is insufficient. Recent research has demonstrated that exogenously administered LTB4 is excreted as glucuronide into the urine in human healthy subjects. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to estimate urinary LTB4 glucuronide (LTBG) concentration in the clinically stable condition in healthy subjects and asthmatic patients and to investigate changes in urinary LTBG concentration in patients with AIA after aspirin challenge. METHODS A provocation test was performed by intravenous aspirin challenge. After urine was hydrolysed by beta-glucuronidase, the fraction containing LTB4 was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and LTB4 concentration was quantified by enzyme immunoassay. Urinary LTBG concentration was calculated as the difference between the concentration obtained with hydrolysis and that without hydrolysis. RESULTS (1) After hydrolysis, the presence of urinary LTB4 was verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring. (2) The urinary LTBG concentration was significantly higher in the asthmatic patients than in the healthy subjects (median, 5.37 pg/mg creatinine [range 1.2-13] vs. 3.32 pg/mg creatinine [range, 0.14-10.5], P = 0.0159). (3) The patients with AIA (n = 7), but not those with aspirin-tolerant asthma (n = 6), showed significant increases in LTBG and LTE4 excretions after aspirin challenge. (4) When the concentrations after aspirin challenge were analysed simultaneously, a significant linear correlation was observed between urinary LTBG concentration and urinary LTE4 concentration in patients with AIA (Spearman's rank correlation test, r = 0.817, P = 0.0003). CONCLUSION LTBG is present in human urine, albeit at a concentration lower than urinary LTE4. In addition to a marked increase in cysteinyl-leukotriene production, aspirin challenge induced LTB4 production in AIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mita
- Clinical Research Center, National Sagamihara Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Tsikas D, Brunner G. Ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of leukotrienes after precolumn derivatisation with o-phthaldialdehyde. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00468820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The underlying respiratory disease is activated by unknown mechanism and results in an intense infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils into the entire respiratory mucosa. These cells synthesize leukotrienes (LTs) at a very high rate and mast cells also release histamine and tryptase and synthesize PGD(2) a vasodilator and bronchoconstrictor. Furthermore, AERD patients under synthesize from arachidonic acid (AA) a peculiar product called lipoxins, which opposes inflammation generated by leukotrienes. Finally, cysLT1 receptors are over expressed and highly responsive to LTE(4), further augmenting the underlying inflammatory disease. This inflammatory condition is partly inhibited by synthesis of PGE(2) through COX-1. PGE(2) partially inhibits 5-lipogygenase conversion of AA to LTA(4) and blocks release of histamine and tryptase from mast cells. When COX-l is inhibited by ASA or NSAIDs, PGE(2) synthesis stops and an enormous release of histamine and synthesis of LTs occurs. The upper respiratory reaction is mediated by both histamine and LTs but the bronchospastic reaction is mediated by LTs. The systemic effects of flush, gastric pain and hives are mediated by histamine. Aspirin desensitization can not be explained by disappearance of LT synthesis since urine LTE(4) levels are still elevated at acute ASA desensitization. However, mast cell products such as histamine, tryptase and PGD(2) are no longer released or synthesized at acute desensitization. It is more likely that a diminution in number or function of cysLT receptors accounts for the diminished inflammatory response found in ASA desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald D Stevenson
- Allergy and Immunology Division, Scripps Clinic and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Tanino M, Betsuyaku T, Takeyabu K, Tanino Y, Yamaguchi E, Miyamoto K, Nishimura M. Increased levels of interleukin-8 in BAL fluid from smokers susceptible to pulmonary emphysema. Thorax 2002; 57:405-11. [PMID: 11978916 PMCID: PMC1746319 DOI: 10.1136/thorax.57.5.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has previously been shown that smokers with computed tomographic (CT) evidence of subclinical emphysema have signs of neutrophil activation, despite having no appreciable increase in the number of neutrophils in their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. METHODS The levels of the following chemoattractants in BAL fluid from 61 community based older volunteers classified into four groups according to current smoking status and the presence or absence of emphysema were determined: interleukin 8 (IL-8), epithelial neutrophil activating protein 78 (ENA-78) and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) which are primarily chemotactic for neutrophils; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) which are predominantly chemotactic for mononuclear leucocytes. RESULTS Of the five chemoattractants studied, only the level of IL-8 in BAL fluid clearly distinguished between subjects with and without emphysema among current smokers (median values 34.7 and 12.2 pg/ml, respectively, p<0.01). In addition, the levels of IL-8 and neutrophil elastase-alpha(1) protease inhibitor complex in BAL fluid were significantly correlated (r=0.65, p<0.01). There was no difference in either the release of IL-8 from cultured alveolar macrophages at 24 hours or the expression of IL-8 messenger RNA of alveolar macrophages in the two groups of current smokers with and without emphysema. CONCLUSION An accelerated response of IL-8 to chronic smoking is a factor that characterises those smokers who are susceptible to pulmonary emphysema, although the cellular source of IL-8 remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanino
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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Wedi B, Kapp A. Pathophysiological role of leukotrienes in dermatological diseases: potential therapeutic implications. BioDrugs 2002; 15:729-43. [PMID: 11707148 DOI: 10.2165/00063030-200115110-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo data have demonstrated that leukotrienes play a key role not only in allergic airway diseases but also in inflammatory reactions of the skin. Antileukotriene drugs, i.e. leukotriene receptor antagonists and synthesis inhibitors, are a new class of anti-inflammatory drugs that have shown clinical efficacy in the management of asthma, allergic rhinitis and inflammatory bowel disease. To address the question of the validity and applicability of published evidence of the use of antileukotriene drugs in dermatological diseases, we reviewed data concerning the pathophysiological effect of leukotrienes in the skin and in skin diseases, and the experience with antileukotriene treatment that has been published. In vivo and in vitro data suggest that antileukotriene treatment may have efficacy in atopic dermatitis, different types of urticaria or psoriasis and other skin diseases such as bullous skin diseases, collagenoses, Sjogren-Larsson syndrome or Kawasaki disease. Nevertheless, published evidence is very limited and before any conclusions can be drawn, additional basic research needs to be performed with regard to the role of different leukotrienes and leukotriene receptors in skin diseases. On the basis of these data, randomised and placebo-controlled clinical trials with leukotriene antagonists and synthesis inhibitors should be performed. Moreover, future studies investigating the additive benefit of antileukotriene drugs are warranted, e.g. in combination with antihistamines, corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wedi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Hannover Medical University, Hannover, Germany.
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Barbosa MD, Arthur AS, Louis RH, MacDonald T, Polin RS, Gazak C, Kassell NF. The novel 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor ABT-761 attenuates cerebral vasospasm in a rabbit model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 2001; 49:1205-12; discussion 1212-3. [PMID: 11846914 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200111000-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2000] [Accepted: 06/28/2001] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eicosanoids have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Leukotrienes, 5-hydroxyperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid are part of this group of substances, resulting from the 5-lipoxygenase activity on arachidonic acid metabolism. This study examined the effects of ABT-761, a new 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, on cerebral vasospasm in an in vivo rabbit model of SAH. METHODS A total of 48 rabbits were assigned to one of six groups: SAH + placebo (n = 8), SAH + ABT-761 20 mg/kg (n = 8), SAH + ABT-761 30 mg/kg (n = 8), control + placebo (n = 8), control + ABT-761 20 mg/kg (n = 8), and control + ABT-761 30 mg/kg (n = 8). Drug administration was initiated 30 minutes after induction of SAH and repeated 24 hours later. The animals were killed 48 hours after SAH, using the perfusion-fixation method. The cross sectional areas of basilar artery histological sections were measured by an investigator blinded to the treatment groups of the individual samples. RESULTS In placebo-treated animals, the average luminal cross sectional area of the basilar artery was reduced by 68% after SAH as compared with controls (P < 0.0001). After SAH, the vasospastic response was attenuated in animals treated with 20 or 30 mg/kg representing a 28 or 35% reduction, respectively (P = 0.0011 and P = 0.0038). CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that ABT-761 is effective in attenuating experimental cerebral vasospasm, indicating that this new drug represents a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of vasospasm after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Barbosa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Barbosa MD, Arthur AS, Louis RH, MacDonald T, Polin RS, Gazak C, Kassell NF. The Novel 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor ABT-761 Attenuates Cerebral Vasospasm in a Rabbit Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 2001. [DOI: 10.1227/00006123-200111000-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Holma R, Salmenperä P, Riutta A, Virtanen I, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Acute effects of the cys-leukotriene-1 receptor antagonist, montelukast, on experimental colitis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 429:309-18. [PMID: 11698051 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes play a part in inflammatory reactions such as inflammatory bowel diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute effects of a cys-leukotriene-1 receptor antagonist, montelukast, on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. Montelukast (5, 10 or 20 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, zileuton (50 or 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1), a positive control), or the vehicle was administered intracolonically to the rats twice daily throughout the study, starting 12 h before the induction of colitis with TNBS. The severity of colitis (macroscopic and histological assessment, as well as myeloperoxidase activity), the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2, and eicosanoid production in colonic tissue incubation were assessed 24 and 72 h after colitis induction. Montelukast increased prostaglandin E(2) production at 24 h and tended to reduce the cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression at 72 h, but did not influence the severity of colitis. Zileuton failed to decrease the inflammatory reaction in spite of reduced leukotriene B(4) production at 72 h. The results suggest that drugs that block cysteinyl leukotriene receptors have limited potential to ameliorate acute TNBS-induced colitis, but that they exert some beneficial effects which make them capable of modulating the course of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Holma
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kanaoka Y, Maekawa A, Penrose JF, Austen KF, Lam BK. Attenuated zymosan-induced peritoneal vascular permeability and IgE-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice lacking leukotriene C4 synthase. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:22608-13. [PMID: 11319240 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103562200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene C(4) synthase (LTC(4)S), the terminal 5-lipoxygenase pathway enzyme that is responsible for the biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes, has been deleted by targeted gene disruption to define its tissue distribution and integrated pathway function in vitro and in vivo. The LTC(4)S (-/-) mice developed normally and were fertile. LTC(4)S activity, assessed by conjugation of leukotriene (LT) A(4) methyl ester with glutathione, was absent from tongue, spleen, and brain and > or = 90% reduced in lung, stomach, and colon of the LTC(4)S (-/-) mice. Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) from the LTC(4)S (-/-) mice provided no LTC(4) in response to IgE-dependent activation. Exocytosis and the generation of prostaglandin D(2), LTB(4), and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by BMMC from LTC(4)S (-/-) mice and LTC(4)S (+/+) mice were similar, whereas the degraded product of LTA(4), 6-trans-LTB(4), was doubled in BMMC from LTC(4)S (-/-) mice because of lack of utilization. The zymosan-elicited intraperitoneal extravasation of plasma protein and the IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the ear were significantly diminished in the LTC(4)S (-/-) mice. These observations indicate that LTC(4)S, but not microsomal or cytosolic glutathione S-transferases, is the major LTC(4)-producing enzyme in tissues and that its integrated function includes mediation of increased vascular permeability in either innate or adaptive immune host inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kanaoka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
Drug discovery using intracellular receptors (IRs) as targets presents its own set of unique complications and advantages. The natural ligands for these receptors are, in many cases, already used as drugs. To effectively exploit these targets, newer molecules must have either increased receptor selectivity or increased tissue or gene selectivity to reduce side effects. The search for these molecules will yield new therapeutics as well as new insights into the mechanism of action of these receptors and their ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Miner
- Endocrine Research, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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Ichinose F, Zapol WM, Sapirstein A, Ullrich R, Tager AM, Coggins K, Jones R, Bloch KD. Attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by endotoxemia requires 5-lipoxygenase in mice. Circ Res 2001; 88:832-8. [PMID: 11325876 DOI: 10.1161/hh0801.089177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis and endotoxemia impair hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), thereby reducing systemic oxygenation. To assess the role of leukotrienes (LTs) in the attenuation of HPV during endotoxemia, the increase in left lung pulmonary vascular resistance (LPVR) before and during left mainstem bronchus occlusion (LMBO) was measured in mice with and without a deletion of the gene encoding 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). LMBO increased the LPVR equally in saline-challenged wild-type and 5-LO-deficient mice (96+/-20% and 94+/-19%, respectively). Twenty-two hours after challenge with Escherichia coli endotoxin, the ability of LMBO to increase LPVR was markedly impaired in wild-type mice (27+/-7%; P<0.05) but not in 5-LO-deficient mice (72+/-9%) or in wild-type mice pretreated with MK886, an inhibitor of 5-LO activity (76+/-10%). Compared with wild-type mice, endotoxin-induced disruption of lung structures and inflammatory cell influx in the lung were markedly attenuated in 5-LO-deficient mice. Administration of MK571, a selective cysteinyl LT(1) receptor antagonist, 1 hour before endotoxin challenge preserved HPV and attenuated pulmonary injury in wild-type mice but did not prevent the endotoxin-induced increase in pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that a 5-LO product, most likely a cysteinyl LT, contributes to the attenuation of HPV and to pulmonary injury after challenge with endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ichinose
- Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Abstract
This review describes the aspects of leukotriene (LT) pharmacology and biology that are relevant to their important role in asthma. The biosynthesis and metabolism, including transcellular metabolism, of LTB4 and the cysteinyl-LTs (i.e. LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4) are described, and their transport is briefly outlined. The existence, distribution and pharmacological characterization of the receptors (BLT, CysLT1, CysLT2), as well as the transduction mechanisms triggered, are discussed in detail. We also describe their effects on airway smooth muscle tone, hyperresponsiveness and proliferation, on vascular tone and permeability, on mucus secretion, on neural fibers and inflammatory cell functions. Finally, the evidence supporting their role as asthma mediators is reviewed, including the effects of anti LT drugs (both biosynthesis inhibitors and receptor antagonists) in experimental and clinical asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nicosia
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti, Milan, 9-20133, Italy.
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Squali Houssaïni FZ, Foulon T, Payen N, Iraqi MR, Arnaud J, Groslambert P. Plasma fatty acid status in Moroccan children: increased lipid peroxidation and impaired polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in protein-calorie malnutrition. Biomed Pharmacother 2001; 55:155-62. [PMID: 11325213 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(01)00041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies on plasma fatty acid and antioxidant status in 29 malnourished Moroccan children (12 with mild protein-calorie malnutrition, 17 with severe protein-calorie malnutrition) compared to 15 healthy control children from the same area, we pointed out that these populations were heterogeneous in terms of their essential fatty acid and antioxidant status. The aim of the present study was to classify the children using the Waterlow classification and their essential fatty acid status. The discrepancies in lipid parameters, nutritional and inflammatory markers, blood oxidative indexes, antioxidant micronutrients or trace elements (selenium, zinc, vitamin E) related to polyunsaturated fatty acids were checked in these populations. Eight of the control subjects and nine of the severe protein-calorie malnutrition children were essential fatty acid-deficient, compared to only one of the mild protein-calorie malnutrition group. Examination of the essential fatty acid-sufficient subjects with mild protein-calorie malnutrition, compared to the essential fatty acid-sufficient control subjects, showed only a decrease in Z scores and a non-significant decrease in selenium and vitamin E. In severely malnourished children, albumin, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, plasma selenium, vitamin E and zinc were low, whereas inflammatory proteins and triglycerides were high. These features worsened with essential fatty acid deficiency. In all protein-calorie malnutrition subjects, there was oxidative stress (increase in thiobarbituric-acid reactants, imbalance between plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid, vitamin E and selenium levels), even in the absence of essential fatty acid deficiency. Monounsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid/stearic acid (C18:1 n-9/C18:0) delta9 desaturase and n-3 and n-6 elongase activity indexes increased. The C18:1/C18:0 delta9 desaturase activity index was negatively correlated to Z scores (r = -0.44, P< 0.01 for Z score weight, r = -0.39, P < 0.01 for Z score height), albumin (r = -0.82, P < 0.01) and zinc (r = -0.51, P< 0.01) levels. In essential fatty acid-deficient, severe protein-calorie malnutrition subjects, delta6 desaturase activity was impaired, and there was a non-significant decrease in arachidonic acid. Essential fatty acid deficiency is a type of malnutrition, and is associated with an aggravation of all parameters in severe protein-calorie malnutrition. The increase in the C18:1/C18:0 delta9 desaturase activity and enhanced lipid peroxidation without any essential fatty acid deficiency could be early markers of protein-calorie malnutrition.
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Abstract
Brugia malayi L3 molt to the L4 stage in serum-free cultures supplemented with arachidonic, linoleic, or linolenic acids and the basidiomycetous yeast Rhodotorula minuta. These fatty acids are capable of entering the eicosanoid pathway of arachidonate metabolism, the pathway responsible for generating a number of biologically active mediators, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and lipoxins. To determine whether this pathway was required for L3 development, we added dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase to in vitro cultures containing B. malayi L3. These compounds significantly inhibited L3 molting. To evaluate whether 1 or both of these pathways of arachidonate metabolism were involved in molting, we tested drugs inhibiting either cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase. Lipoxygenase inhibitors blocked L3 molting, whereas cyclooxygenase inhibitors did not. To assess whether enzymes operating downstream of lipoxygenase were also involved in L3 molting, we added inhibitors of enzymes involved in leukotriene synthesis and found they were also capable of preventing development. We tested the same inhibitor panel on Dirofilaria immitis L3. A single lipoxygenase inhibitor and inhibitors of 2 different enzymes operating downstream of lipoxygenase disrupted D. immitis development. These results demonstrate that a lipoxygenase pathway product is required for molting of the infective stage larvae of filarial parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06032, USA
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de Geus HJ, Aidos I, de Boer J, Luten JB, Brinkman UA. Characterisation of fatty acids in biological oil samples using comprehensive multidimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 910:95-103. [PMID: 11263580 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive multidimensional gas chromatography can adequately resolve very complex mixtures of analytes such as the fatty acid mixtures which are contained in, e.g., fish and vegetable oils. Well-ordered patterns are obtained in the two-dimensional separation plane which can be used to tentatively identify peaks when no standard is available. The technique which can also be used for quantification, i.e., quantitative ratio analysis, should be especially useful for fingerprinting purposes. Unravelling the composition of complex mixtures such as fish oils appears to be highly rewarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J de Geus
- Free University, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abul H, Abul A, Khan I, Mathew TC, Ayed A, Al-Athary E. Levels of IL-8 and myeloperoxidase in the lungs of pneumonia patients. Mol Cell Biochem 2001; 217:107-12. [PMID: 11269653 PMCID: PMC7102223 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007264411006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is considered as the major polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) chemoattractant cytokine in lung diseases such as asthma and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, controversial results were obtained regarding the involvement of IL-8 in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. This study examines the role of IL-8 in the recruitment and activation of PMNs in the lung of pneumonia patients. The interesting aspect of this study is that it is a site- specific analysis of the infected and uninfected lungs of the same patient. The level of IL-8 mRNA, protein and myeloperoxidase present in the cells of the bronchioalveolar lavages (BALs) taken from the areas of known pneumonic consolidations on chest X-ray (infected lung) are compared with the BALs obtained from areas of no obvious infiltrate (non-infected lung). The results obtained from the infected and non-infected lungs of pneumonic patients were further compared with that of a control group of non-smoking patients. The level of IL-8 mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR and ELISA respectively. There was a significant increase in the level of IL-8 mRNA in the infected lung as compared to its level in the non-infected lung (p < 0.001). In correlation with the increase in mRNA, IL-8 protein concentrations in BAL fluids from the infected lung were 6 fold higher than those taken from the non-infected lung (p < 0.0001). This pattern was also consistent with MPO activity in the BALs (4.5 fold more MPO activity in the infected lung as compared to that of the non-infected lung), indicating that IL-8 is directly implicated in neutrophil accumulation that follows acute respiratory infection. The results of the present study, therefore, indicate the involvement of IL-8 in the pathogenesis of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Health Sciences Center, Safat
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Brouwers AH, Laverman P, Boerman OC, Oyen WJ, Barrett JA, Harris TD, Edwards DS, Corstens FH. A 99Tcm-labelled leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist for scintigraphic detection of infection in rabbits. Nucl Med Commun 2000; 21:1043-50. [PMID: 11192710 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-200011000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In a search for a rapid and accurate imaging agent for scintigraphic detection of infection and inflammation, an LTB4 receptor antagonist, 99Tcm-RP517, which contains the hydrazino nicotinamide moiety, has been developed recently. To study the in vivo behaviour of 99Tcm-RP517, rabbits with Escherichia coli infection were injected intravenously with 99Tcm-RP517. Gamma camera images were obtained and ex vivo bio-distribution was determined at several hours post-injection (p.i.). In a separate set of rabbits the choledochal duct was cannulated to quantitatively monitor the hepatobiliary clearance of the radiopharmaceutical. The receptor binding fraction of the radiolabelled RP517 exceeded 70%. Accumulation of 99Tcm-RP517 in the abscess was visualized as early as 1 h p.i. Due to rapid blood clearance (t1/2 alpha=18+/-0.6 min, t1/2 beta=6.5+/-0.4 h) and high abscess uptake, the abscess-to-muscle ratios increased with time from 7.0+/-2.3 at 1 h p.i. to 44.3+/-4.6 at 20 h p.i. The agent mainly cleared via the hepatobiliary route: 50% of the radiolabel was recovered in the small bowel at 1 h p.i., whereas 85% was found in cecum and sigmoid at 20 h p.i. In conclusion, 99Tcm-RP517 rapidly visualized E. coli abscesses in rabbits. The agent rapidly cleared from the blood, mainly via the hepatobiliary route. High abscess-to-background ratios were achieved. The accumulation in the intestines could limit the applicability of this agent for detecting infectious processes in the abdominal area. The development of a more hydrophilic analogue of 99Tcm-RP517 could improve the clinical applicability of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Brouwers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Sherman BE, Chole RA. First place--resident basic science award 1999. Effects of leukotriene and cyclo-oxygenase inhibition on adaptive bone remodeling in the middle ear. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000; 123:1-8. [PMID: 10889472 DOI: 10.1067/mhn.2000.105996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal bone remodeling is associated with important otolaryngologic diseases. In such diseases, the mechanisms of osteoclastic control underlie the pathologic processes. It is known that strain applied to auditory bullae induces bone resorption-an effect mediated by prostaglandins and blocked by cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. It is also known that cyclo-oxygenase inhibition shunts arachidonic acid into alternate metabolic pathways, mainly the lipoxygenase pathway with leukotriene production. The role of these metabolites in adaptive bone remodeling is unknown. Using the gerbilline bulla as a model, we infused BW755c (dual lipoxygenase/cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor) and L-663,536 (5-lipoxygenase inhibitor) into animals undergoing middle ear pressurization. After 7 days, the bulla bones were harvested, and osteoclasts were quantified histomorphometrically. The results showed that neither treatment altered pressure-induced resorption. However, BW755c significantly increased resorption in unpressurized bone when compared with control values. Because BW775c blocks both lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways, the results suggest an alternate pathway in middle ear bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Sherman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
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Kanaoka Y, Fujimori K, Kikuno R, Sakaguchi Y, Urade Y, Hayaishi O. Structure and chromosomal localization of human and mouse genes for hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase. Conservation of the ancestral genomic structure of sigma-class glutathione S-transferase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:3315-22. [PMID: 10824118 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (H-PGDS) is the key enzyme for the production of the D and J series of prostanoids, and the first recognized vertebrate homolog of sigma-class glutathione S-transferase (GST). We isolated the genes and cDNAs for human and mouse H-PGDSs. The human and mouse cDNAs contained a coding region corresponding to 199 amino-acid residues with calculated molecular masses of 23 343 and 23 226, respectively. Both H-PGDS proteins recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli showed bifunctional activities for PGDS and GST, and had almost the same catalytic properties as the rat enzyme. Northern analyses demonstrated that the H-PGDS genes were expressed in a highly species-specific manner. Whereas the human gene was widely distributed, in contrast, the mouse gene was detected only in samples from oviduct and skin. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, the chromosomal localization of the human and mouse H-PGDS genes were mapped to 4q21-22 and 3D-E, respectively. The human and mouse H-PGDS genes spanned approximately 41 and 28 kb, respectively, and consisted of six exons divided by five introns. The exon/intron boundaries of both genes were completely identical to those of the sigma-class GST subfamily, although the amino-acid sequences of the latter were only 17.0-21.5% identical to those of either H-PGDS. These findings suggest that the H-PGDS genes evolved from the same ancestral gene as the members of the sigma-class GST family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kanaoka
- Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience, Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Montero A, Uda S, Munger KA, Badr KF. LTA4 hydrolase expression during glomerular inflammation: correlation of immunohistochemical localization with cytokine regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2000; 469:449-54. [PMID: 10667367 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4793-8_66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Montero
- Center for Glomerulonephritis, Emory University, GA, USA
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Abstract
Leukotrienes have been shown to cause bronchoconstriction, increased mucus production, and airway inflammation, three critical features in asthma. Antileukotriene drugs were developed to inhibit the effects of these lipid mediators. This class of drugs represents the first new approach to asthma therapy in 25 years. The leukotriene receptor antagonists, montelukast, zafirlukast, and pranlukast, and the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, zileuton, are unique in their ability to target specific components of asthmatic inflammation. Although the role of these drugs continues to evolve, the antileukotrienes have demonstrated efficacy against exercise and allergen-induced bronchoconstriction and additive benefit for use in patients with symptomatic, moderate asthma on maintenance-inhaled corticosteroids. Further, they may be considered for primary use in patients with mild, persistent asthma, especially those who are steroid-phobic or who have compliance issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Krawiec
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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Morita H, Takeda K, Yagita H, Okumura K. Immunosuppressive effect of leukotriene B(4) receptor antagonist in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 264:321-6. [PMID: 10529362 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), which is an arachidonic acid metabolite produced by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway and a well-characterized chemical mediator of inflammation, has been proposed to be an immune response modulator. Here we showed the constitutive expression of the LTB(4) receptor (LTB(4)R) in resting and activated T cells. We found that the LTB(4)R antagonist inhibited T cell proliferation induced by Con A, immobilized anti-CD3 mAb, or IL-2. This inhibitory effect was abolished by addition of LTB(4)R agonist. The LTB(4)R antagonist inhibited IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 production by anti-CD3-stimulated T cells and also inhibited IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production. Moreover, the LTB(4)R antagonist exerted an additive inhibitory effect to FK506 on T cell proliferation. These results suggest that LTB(4) is intrinsically involved in T cell activation to upregulate cytokine production and proliferation, and thus the LTB(4)R antagonist might be useful as an immunosuppressive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Morita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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