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Liu CH, Chang CF, Chen IC, Lin FM, Tzou SJ, Hsieh CB, Chu TW, Pei D. Machine Learning Prediction of Prediabetes in a Young Male Chinese Cohort with 5.8-Year Follow-Up. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:979. [PMID: 38786280 PMCID: PMC11119884 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of risk factors for future prediabetes in young men remains largely unexamined. This study enrolled 6247 young ethnic Chinese men with normal fasting plasma glucose at the baseline (FPGbase), and used machine learning (Mach-L) methods to predict prediabetes after 5.8 years. The study seeks to achieve the following: 1. Evaluate whether Mach-L outperformed traditional multiple linear regression (MLR). 2. Identify the most important risk factors. The baseline data included demographic, biochemistry, and lifestyle information. Two models were built, where Model 1 included all variables and Model 2 excluded FPGbase, since it had the most profound effect on prediction. Random forest, stochastic gradient boosting, eXtreme gradient boosting, and elastic net were used, and the model performance was compared using different error metrics. All the Mach-L errors were smaller than those for MLR, thus Mach-L provided the most accurate results. In descending order of importance, the key factors for Model 1 were FPGbase, body fat (BF), creatinine (Cr), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), WBC, and age, while those for Model 2 were BF, white blood cell, age, TSH, TG, and LDL-C. We concluded that FPGbase was the most important factor to predict future prediabetes. However, after removing FPGbase, WBC, TSH, BF, HDL-C, and age were the key factors after 5.8 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hao Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Feng Chang
- Divisions of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan;
- Divisions of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - I-Chien Chen
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan;
| | - Fan-Min Lin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan;
| | - Shiow-Jyu Tzou
- Teaching and Researching Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Bao Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan;
| | - Ta-Wei Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- MJ Health Research Foundation, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Dee Pei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 243, Taiwan
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Salehi Z, Rahbarinejad P, Ghosn B, Azadbakht L. Association of quality and quantity of macronutrients intake with obesity, new anthropometric indices, lipid accumulation, and blood lipid risk index in Tehranian women. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3237-3250. [PMID: 38726395 PMCID: PMC11077202 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study examines the association between micronutrient intake, anthropometric indices, lipid accumulation, and blood lipid risk index among Tehranian women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 556 Tehranian women. Dietary intake was measured using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Biochemical assessment and anthropometric indices were measured, and demographic information and physical activity were collected. Results Participants with the highest intake of carbohydrates were more prone to obesity. Conversely, those in the top tertile for protein intake had a lower likelihood of obesity and higher levels of lipid accumulation product (LAP). The highest fat consumers had a 63% decreased chance of having a high Castelli's Risk Index 1 (CRI-1). A higher glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were linked to an increased probability of a high atherogenic coefficient (AC). Women in the top tertile of GL were significantly more likely to be obese and had lower odds for high LAP. Participants in the top tertile of aromatic amino acids/branched chain amino acids (AAA/BCAA) had significantly lower chances of high CRI-1 and a high atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Those in the highest tertile of monounsaturated fatty acids/polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA/PUFA) had lower odds of obesity and high AIP. Conclusions The amount of carbohydrate (g) and protein intake (%), dietary GL, and the ratio of MUFA to PUFA were associated with obesity. The amount of fat intake (g) and AAA/BCAA indices were associated with CRI-1. LAP decreased with an increase in GL. AC increased with an increase in GI and GL. AAA/BCAA and MUFA/PUFA were associated with AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salehi
- Department of Community NutritionSchool of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Pegah Rahbarinejad
- Department of Community NutritionSchool of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Batoul Ghosn
- Department of Community NutritionSchool of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community NutritionSchool of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Diabetes Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Community NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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Wei X, Zou H, Zhang T, Huo Y, Yang J, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhao J. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: What Can Medical Nutrition Therapy Do? Nutrients 2024; 16:1217. [PMID: 38674907 PMCID: PMC11055016 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the common complications during pregnancy. Numerous studies have shown that GDM is associated with a series of adverse effects on both mothers and offspring. Due to the particularity of pregnancy, medical nutrition treatment is considered to be the first choice for the treatment of GDM. This contribution reviews the research progress of medical nutrition treatment in GDM, summarizes the international recommendations on the intake of various nutrients and the influence of nutrients on the prevalence of GDM, and the improvement effect of nutritional intervention on it, in order to provide references for research in related fields of GDM and the targeted development of enteral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wei
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hong Zou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tingting Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanling Huo
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianzhong Yang
- Sunline Research Laboratories, Jiangsu Sunline Deep Sea Fishery Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222042, China; (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhi Wang
- Sunline Research Laboratories, Jiangsu Sunline Deep Sea Fishery Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222042, China; (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yu Li
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiuxiang Zhao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
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Barrett JS, Strauss JA, Chow LS, Shepherd SO, Wagenmakers AJM, Wang Y. GLUT4 localisation with the plasma membrane is unaffected by an increase in plasma free fatty acid availability. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:94. [PMID: 38566151 PMCID: PMC10986142 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle occurs via translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular storage vesicles to the plasma membrane. Elevated free fatty acid (FFA) availability via a lipid infusion reduces glucose disposal, but this occurs in the absence of impaired proximal insulin signalling. Whether GLUT4 localisation to the plasma membrane is subsequently affected by elevated FFA availability is not known. METHODS Trained (n = 11) and sedentary (n = 10) individuals, matched for age, sex and body mass index, received either a 6 h lipid or glycerol infusion in the setting of a concurrent hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. Sequential muscle biopsies (0, 2 and 6 h) were analysed for GLUT4 membrane localisation and microvesicle size and distribution using immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS At baseline, trained individuals had more small GLUT4 spots at the plasma membrane, whereas sedentary individuals had larger GLUT4 spots. GLUT4 localisation with the plasma membrane increased at 2 h (P = 0.04) of the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and remained elevated until 6 h, with no differences between groups or infusion type. The number of GLUT4 spots was unchanged at 2 h of infusion. However, from 2 to 6 h there was a decrease in the number of small GLUT4 spots at the plasma membrane (P = 0.047), with no differences between groups or infusion type. CONCLUSION GLUT4 localisation with the plasma membrane increases during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, but this is not altered by elevated FFA availability. GLUT4 appears to disperse from small GLUT4 clusters located at the plasma membrane to support glucose uptake during a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Barrett
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - J A Strauss
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - L S Chow
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S O Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - A J M Wagenmakers
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Y Wang
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
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5
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Hahn MK, Giacca A, Pereira S. In vivo techniques for assessment of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. J Endocrinol 2024; 260:e230308. [PMID: 38198372 PMCID: PMC10895285 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic tests are vital to determine in vivo insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in preclinical models, usually rodents. Such tests include glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and glucose clamps. Although these tests are not standardized, there are general guidelines for their completion and analysis that are constantly being refined. In this review, we describe metabolic tests in rodents as well as factors to consider when designing and performing these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K Hahn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sidorov VY, Sidorova TN, Samson PC, Reiserer RS, Britt CM, Neely MD, Ess KC, Wikswo JP. Contractile and Genetic Characterization of Cardiac Constructs Engineered from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Modeling of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and the Effects of Rapamycin. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:234. [PMID: 38534508 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The implementation of three-dimensional tissue engineering concurrently with stem cell technology holds great promise for in vitro research in pharmacology and toxicology and modeling cardiac diseases, particularly for rare genetic and pediatric diseases for which animal models, immortal cell lines, and biopsy samples are unavailable. It also allows for a rapid assessment of phenotype-genotype relationships and tissue response to pharmacological manipulation. Mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes lead to dysfunctional mTOR signaling and cause tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a genetic disorder that affects multiple organ systems, principally the brain, heart, skin, and kidneys. Here we differentiated healthy (CC3) and tuberous sclerosis (TSP8-15) human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into cardiomyocytes to create engineered cardiac tissue constructs (ECTCs). We investigated and compared their mechano-elastic properties and gene expression and assessed the effects of rapamycin, a potent inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). The TSP8-15 ECTCs had increased chronotropy compared to healthy ECTCs. Rapamycin induced positive inotropic and chronotropic effects (i.e., increased contractility and beating frequency, respectively) in the CC3 ECTCs but did not cause significant changes in the TSP8-15 ECTCs. A differential gene expression analysis revealed 926 up- and 439 down-regulated genes in the TSP8-15 ECTCs compared to their healthy counterparts. The application of rapamycin initiated the differential expression of 101 and 31 genes in the CC3 and TSP8-15 ECTCs, respectively. A gene ontology analysis showed that in the CC3 ECTCs, the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of rapamycin correlated with positively regulated biological processes, which were primarily related to the metabolism of lipids and fatty and amino acids, and with negatively regulated processes, which were predominantly associated with cell proliferation and muscle and tissue development. In conclusion, this study describes for the first time an in vitro TSC cardiac tissue model, illustrates the response of normal and TSC ECTCs to rapamycin, and provides new insights into the mechanisms of TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veniamin Y Sidorov
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Tatiana N Sidorova
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Philip C Samson
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Ronald S Reiserer
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Clayton M Britt
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - M Diana Neely
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John P Wikswo
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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7
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Du H, Li D, Molive LM, Wu N. Advances in free fatty acid profiles in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Transl Med 2024; 22:180. [PMID: 38374136 PMCID: PMC10875910 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The morbidity of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing and is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and long-term maternal and infant health. The exact mechanism underlying changes in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) profiles in patients with GDM is unknown. However, it is believed that changes in diet and lipid metabolism may play a role. Fatty acids contain many specific FFAs, and the type of FFA has different impacts on physiological processes; hence, determining changes in FFAs in individual plasma is essential. Alterations in FFA concentration or profile may facilitate insulin resistance. Additionally, some FFAs show potential to predict GDM in early pregnancy and are strongly associated with the growth and development of the fetus and occurrence of macrosomia. Here, we aimed to review changes in FFAs in women with GDM and discuss the relationship of FFAs with GDM incidence and adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Laura Monjowa Molive
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
- Medical Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Ashcroft SP, Stocks B, Egan B, Zierath JR. Exercise induces tissue-specific adaptations to enhance cardiometabolic health. Cell Metab 2024; 36:278-300. [PMID: 38183980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The risk associated with multiple cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and all-cause mortality is decreased in individuals who meet the current recommendations for physical activity. Therefore, regular exercise remains a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases. An acute bout of exercise results in the coordinated interaction between multiple tissues to meet the increased energy demand of exercise. Over time, the associated metabolic stress of each individual exercise bout provides the basis for long-term adaptations across tissues, including the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gut, and brain. Therefore, regular exercise is associated with a plethora of benefits throughout the whole body, including improved cardiorespiratory fitness, physical function, and glycemic control. Overall, we summarize the exercise-induced adaptations that occur within multiple tissues and how they converge to ultimately improve cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Ashcroft
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brendan Egan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Nakamura F, Shimba Y, Toyonaga S, Kuroda C, Yamato A, Yamada Y, Hosaka T. Delayed dinnertime impairs glucose tolerance in healthy young adults. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:172-176. [PMID: 37920117 PMCID: PMC10804920 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the relationship between mealtime delays of up to 3 h and subsequent glucose fluctuations, healthy young adults were allocated to three delayed dinnertimes in randomized order. Participants consumed test meals for lunch and dinner. After assessing the glucose responses using intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring devices (isCGM), the peak glucose elevation, and incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of postprandial glucose during certain intervals increased significantly when the time between lunch and dinner was delayed by 1 h or more. Our results support the importance of improving irregular mealtime habits, such as late eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ShizuokaShizuokaJapan
| | - Yuki Shimba
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ShizuokaShizuokaJapan
| | - Saki Toyonaga
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ShizuokaShizuokaJapan
| | - Chiemi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ShizuokaShizuokaJapan
| | - Asuka Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ShizuokaShizuokaJapan
| | - Yuhi Yamada
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ShizuokaShizuokaJapan
| | - Toshio Hosaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ShizuokaShizuokaJapan
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10
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Moore WT, Luo J, Liu D. Kaempferol improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via an AMPK-dependent mechanism. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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11
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Garbuzova EV, Shcherbakova LV, Rymar OD, Khudiakova AD, Shramko VS, Ragino YI. Triglycerides, Obesity and Education Status Are Associated with the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes in Young Adults, Cohort Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1403. [PMID: 37763170 PMCID: PMC10533043 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to determine the influence of traditional risk factors on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in young adults. Goal of the research: To study the incidence of T2DM and factors that increase the risk of its occurrence during the observation of a cohort of young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1341 people aged 25-44 were included in the study from 2013 to 2017, of whom 622 were men (46.4%). The examination included anamnesis, anthropometric data, and a blood test. Cases of developed T2DM were identified by comparing the Diabetes Mellitus Register, medical records of patients, and the database of examined individuals from 2019 to 2023. T2DM Results: In the examined population, 11 participants (0.82%) developed T2DM. The prevalence of T2DM was 0.96% in men and 0.69% in women. Patients with T2DM had a higher waist circumference, BMI, SBP, TG, and lower HDL than patients without T2DM, and were also less likely to have a higher education. The risk of developing T2DM increases 6.5 times at a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2, and 5.2 times at a TG level of ≥1.7 mmol/L, regardless of other risk factors. In the absence of a higher education, the risk of developing T2DM is increased by 5.6 times. CONCLUSION In young people, high triglyceride levels, obesity, and a low level of education are associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, regardless of other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yulia I. Ragino
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IIPM—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630089 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.V.G.); (L.V.S.); (O.D.R.); (A.D.K.); (V.S.S.)
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12
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Kitamura S, Murao N, Yokota S, Shimizu M, Ono T, Seino Y, Suzuki A, Maejima Y, Shimomura K. Effect of fenofibrate and selective PPARα modulator (SPPARMα), pemafibrate on KATP channel activity and insulin secretion. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:202. [PMID: 37697384 PMCID: PMC10494450 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin secretion is regulated by ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in pancreatic beta-cells. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α ligands are clinically used to treat dyslipidemia. A PPARα ligand, fenofibrate, and PPARγ ligands troglitazone and 15-deoxy-∆12,14-prostaglandin J2 are known to close KATP channels and induce insulin secretion. The recently developed PPARα ligand, pemafibrate, became a new entry for treating dyslipidemia. Because pemafibrate is reported to improve glucose intolerance in mice treated with a high fat diet and a novel selective PPARα modulator, it may affect KATP channels or insulin secretion. RESULTS The effect of fenofibrate (100 µM) and pemafibrate (100 µM) on insulin secretion from MIN6 cells was measured by using batch incubation for 10 and 60 min in low (2 mM) and high (10 mM) glucose conditions. The application of fenofibrate for 10 min significantly increased insulin secretion in low glucose conditions. Pemafibrate failed to increase insulin secretion in all of the conditions experimented in this study. The KATP channel activity was measured by using whole-cell patch clamp technique. Although fenofibrate (100 µM) reduced the KATP channel current, the same concentration of pemafibrate had no effect. Both fenofibrate and pemafibrate had no effect on insulin mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kitamura
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295 Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoya Murao
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shoko Yokota
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295 Japan
| | - Masaru Shimizu
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295 Japan
- Department of Neurology, Matsumura General Hospital, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ono
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295 Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295 Japan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295 Japan
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13
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Prajapat SK, Maharana KC, Singh S. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04835-8. [PMID: 37642880 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a matter of concern worldwide, and mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major contributing factors. Vascular endothelial dysfunction has a major role in the development of atherosclerosis because of the abnormal chemokine secretion, inflammatory mediators, enhancement of LDL oxidation, cytokine elevation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Endothelial cells transfer oxygen from the pulmonary circulatory system to the tissue surrounding the blood vessels, and a majority of oxygen is transferred to the myocardium by endothelial cells, which utilise a small amount of oxygen to generate ATP. Free radicals of oxide are produced by mitochondria, which are responsible for cellular oxygen uptake. Increased mitochondrial ROS generation and reduction in agonist-stimulated eNOS activation and nitric oxide bioavailability were directly linked to the observed change in mitochondrial dynamics, resulting in various CVDs and endothelial dysfunction. Presently, the manuscript mainly focuses on endothelial dysfunction, providing a deep understanding of the various features of mitochondrial mechanisms that are used to modulate endothelial dysfunction. We talk about recent findings and approaches that may make it possible to detect mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential biomarker for risk assessment and diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction. In the end, we cover several targets that may reduce mitochondrial dysfunction through both direct and indirect processes and assess the impact of several different classes of drugs in the context of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Prajapat
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Krushna Ch Maharana
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area, Dist: Vaishali, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India.
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14
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Ahiawodzi P, Buzkova P, Lichtenstein A, Matthan N, Ix J, Kizer J, Tracy R, Arnold A, Newman A, Siscovick D, Djousse L, Mukamal K. The Associations of Individual and Subclasses of Nonesterified Fatty Acids With Disability, and Mobility Limitation in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1155-1163. [PMID: 36156076 PMCID: PMC10329219 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine the associations between individual nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and disability and mobility limitation. METHODS We studied 1 734 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), an ongoing population-based cohort study of community-living older American adults. We measured 35 individual NEFA species in fasting serum samples obtained at the 1996-1997 clinic visit. Using yearly assessments of activities of daily living and self-reported mobility, we identified participants with incident disability or mobility limitation during 15 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the associations between per SD increment in the individual NEFAs and incident disability and mobility limitations with adjustment for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Higher concentrations of total and a broad range of individual NEFA species were associated with risk of disability and mobility limitation (disability: HR per SD of total NEFA [SD = 174.70] = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.04-1.18, p = .001; mobility limitation: HR per SD of total NEFA = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.02-1.16, p = .01). Among individual saturated NEFAs (SFAs), myristic (14:0) and palmitic (16:0) acids were significantly associated with higher risk of both disability and mobility limitations, but longer-chain FAs were not. Most individual monounsaturated (MUFA), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and trans FAs were positively significantly associated with higher risks of both disability and mobility limitation. In contrast, most n-3 PUFA species were not associated with disability or mobility limitation. CONCLUSIONS Higher risks of disability and mobility limitation were observed for proinflammatory intermediate-chain SFAs, MUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, and trans FAs. Our findings indicated no significant association for anti-inflammatory n-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Ahiawodzi
- Department of Public Health, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
| | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Divisions of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco VA Health Care System, and Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California,USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Alice Arnold
- Department of a Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Siscovick
- Division of Research, Evaluation and Policy, The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luc Djousse
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Lee DS, An TH, Kim H, Jung E, Kim G, Oh SY, Kim JS, Chun HJ, Jung J, Lee EW, Han BS, Han DH, Lee YH, Han TS, Hur K, Lee CH, Kim DS, Kim WK, Park JW, Koo SH, Seong JK, Lee SC, Kim H, Bae KH, Oh KJ. Tcf7l2 in hepatocytes regulates de novo lipogenesis in diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Diabetologia 2023; 66:931-954. [PMID: 36759348 PMCID: PMC10036287 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with type 2 diabetes may more easily progress towards severe forms of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Although the Wnt effector transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) is closely associated with type 2 diabetes risk, the role of TCF7L2 in NAFLD development remains unclear. Here, we investigated how changes in TCF7L2 expression in the liver affects hepatic lipid metabolism based on the major risk factors of NAFLD development. METHODS Tcf7l2 was selectively ablated in the liver of C57BL/6N mice by inducing the albumin (Alb) promoter to recombine Tcf7l2 alleles floxed at exon 5 (liver-specific Tcf7l2-knockout [KO] mice: Alb-Cre;Tcf7l2f/f). Alb-Cre;Tcf7l2f/f and their wild-type (Tcf7l2f/f) littermates were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) for 22 weeks to reproduce NAFLD/NASH. Mice were refed a standard chow diet or an HCD to stimulate de novo lipogenesis (DNL) or fed an HFD to provide exogenous fatty acids. We analysed glucose and insulin sensitivity, metabolic respiration, mRNA expression profiles, hepatic triglyceride (TG), hepatic DNL, selected hepatic metabolites, selected plasma metabolites and liver histology. RESULTS Alb-Cre;Tcf7l2f/f essentially exhibited increased lipogenic genes, but there were no changes in hepatic lipid content in mice fed a normal chow diet. However, following 22 weeks of diet-induced NAFLD/NASH conditions, liver steatosis was exacerbated owing to preferential metabolism of carbohydrate over fat. Indeed, hepatic Tcf7l2 deficiency enhanced liver lipid content in a manner that was dependent on the duration and amount of exposure to carbohydrates, owing to cell-autonomous increases in hepatic DNL. Mechanistically, TCF7L2 regulated the transcriptional activity of Mlxipl (also known as ChREBP) by modulating O-GlcNAcylation and protein content of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), and targeted Srebf1 (also called SREBP1) via miRNA (miR)-33-5p in hepatocytes. Eventually, restoring TCF7L2 expression at the physiological level in the liver of Alb-Cre;Tcf7l2f/f mice alleviated liver steatosis without altering body composition under both acute and chronic HCD conditions. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In mice, loss of hepatic Tcf7l2 contributes to liver steatosis by inducing preferential metabolism of carbohydrates via DNL activation. Therefore, TCF7L2 could be a promising regulator of the NAFLD associated with high-carbohydrate diets and diabetes since TCF7L2 deficiency may lead to development of NAFLD by promoting utilisation of excess glucose pools through activating DNL. DATA AVAILABILITY RNA-sequencing data have been deposited into the NCBI GEO under the accession number GSE162449 ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE162449 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon An
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmi Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeonghun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Oh
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Chun
- Department of Systems Biology, Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeeun Jung
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Hoon Han
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Su Han
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hur
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Park
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, ChunCheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Hanson AJ, Banks WA, Bettcher LF, Pepin R, Raftery D, Navarro SL, Craft S. Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolomics: Pilot Study of Using Metabolomics to Assess Diet and Metabolic Interventions in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Metabolites 2023; 13:569. [PMID: 37110227 PMCID: PMC10145981 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain glucose hypometabolism is an early sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and interventions which offset this deficit, such as ketogenic diets, show promise as AD therapeutics. Conversely, high-fat feeding may exacerbate AD risk. We analyzed the metabolomic profile of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a pilot study of older adults who underwent saline and triglyceride (TG) infusions. Older adults (12 cognitively normal (CN), age 65.3 ± 8.1, and 9 with cognitive impairment (CI), age 70.9 ± 8.6) underwent a 5 h TG or saline infusion on different days using a random crossover design; CSF was collected at the end of infusion. Aqueous metabolites were measured using a targeted mass spectroscopy (MS) platform focusing on 215 metabolites from over 35 different metabolic pathways. Data were analyzed using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 and SAS. Of the 215 targeted metabolites, 99 were detectable in CSF. Only one metabolite significantly differed by treatment: the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate (HBA). Post hoc analyses showed that HBA levels were associated with age and markers of metabolic syndrome and demonstrated different correlation patterns for the two treatments. When analyzed by cognitive diagnosis group, TG-induced increases in HBA were over 3 times higher for those with cognitive impairment (change score CN +9.8 uM ± 8.3, CI +32.4 ± 7.4, p = 0.0191). Interestingly, individuals with cognitive impairment had higher HBA levels after TG infusion than those with normal cognition. These results suggest that interventions that increase plasma ketones may lead to higher brain ketones in groups at risk for AD and should be confirmed in larger intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J. Hanson
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - William A. Banks
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Lisa F. Bettcher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Robert Pepin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sandi L. Navarro
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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17
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Huhtala M, Rönnemaa T, Tertti K. Insulin Resistance Is Associated with an Unfavorable Serum Lipoprotein Lipid Profile in Women with Newly Diagnosed Gestational Diabetes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030470. [PMID: 36979405 PMCID: PMC10046655 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is associated with various degrees of insulin resistance—a feature related to increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. We aimed to determine the previously poorly investigated associations between maternal insulin resistance and serum fasting metabolome at the time of GDM diagnosis. Methods: Serum lipoprotein and amino acid profile was analyzed in 300 subjects with newly diagnosed GDM using a validated nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy protocol. Associations between insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA2-IR) and serum metabolites were examined with linear regression. Results: We found insulin resistance to be associated with a distinct lipid pattern: increased concentration of VLDL triglycerides and phospholipids and total triglycerides. VLDL size was positively related and LDL and HDL sizes were inversely related to insulin resistance. Of fatty acids, increased total fatty acids, relative increase in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and relative decrease in polyunsaturated and omega fatty acids were related to maternal insulin resistance. Conclusions: In newly diagnosed GDM, the association between maternal insulin resistance and serum lipoprotein profile was largely as described in type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle interventions aiming to decrease insulin resistance from early pregnancy could benefit pregnancy outcomes via more advantageous lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Huhtala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-294505000
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Kristiina Tertti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
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18
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De Loof M, Renguet E, Ginion A, Bouzin C, Horman S, Beauloye C, Bertrand L, Bultot L. Enhanced protein acetylation initiates fatty acid-mediated inhibition of cardiac glucose transport. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H305-H317. [PMID: 36607800 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00449.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) rapidly and efficiently reduce cardiac glucose uptake in the Randle cycle or glucose-FA cycle. This fine-tuned physiological regulation is critical to allow optimal substrate allocation during fasted and fed states. However, the mechanisms involved in the direct FA-mediated control of glucose transport have not been totally elucidated yet. We previously reported that leucine and ketone bodies, other cardiac substrates, impair glucose uptake by increasing global protein acetylation from acetyl-CoA. As FAs generate acetyl-CoA as well, we postulated that protein acetylation is enhanced by FAs and participates in their inhibitory action on cardiac glucose uptake. Here, we demonstrated that both palmitate and oleate promoted a rapid increase in protein acetylation in primary cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes, which correlated with an inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. This glucose absorption deficit was caused by an impairment in the translocation of vesicles containing the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, although insulin signaling remained unaffected. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) prevented this increase in protein acetylation and glucose uptake inhibition induced by FAs. Similarly, FA-mediated inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake could be prevented by KAT inhibitors in perfused hearts. To summarize, enhanced protein acetylation can be considered as an early event in the FA-induced inhibition of glucose transport in the heart, explaining part of the Randle cycle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results show that cardiac metabolic overload by oleate or palmitate leads to increased protein acetylation inhibiting GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and glucose uptake. This observation suggests an additional regulation mechanism in the physiological glucose-FA cycle originally discovered by Randle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine De Loof
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edith Renguet
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Ginion
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research, Imaging platform (2IP), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Laurent Bultot
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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19
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The role of exercise and hypoxia on glucose transport and regulation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1147-1165. [PMID: 36690907 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Muscle glucose transport activity increases with an acute bout of exercise, a process that is accomplished by the translocation of glucose transporters to the plasma membrane. This process remains intact in the skeletal muscle of individuals with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise training is, therefore, an important cornerstone in the management of individuals with T2DM. However, the acute systemic glucose responses to carbohydrate ingestion are often augmented during the early recovery period from exercise, despite increased glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. Accordingly, the first aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge associated with insulin action and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and apply these to explain the disparate responses between systemic and localized glucose responses post-exercise. Herein, the importance of muscle glycogen depletion and the key glucoregulatory hormones will be discussed. Glucose uptake can also be stimulated independently by hypoxia; therefore, hypoxic training presents as an emerging method for enhancing the effects of exercise on glucose regulation. Thus, the second aim of this review is to discuss the potential for systemic hypoxia to enhance the effects of exercise on glucose regulation.
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20
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Handy RM, Holloway GP. Insights into the development of insulin resistance: Unraveling the interaction of physical inactivity, lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biology. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1151389. [PMID: 37153211 PMCID: PMC10157178 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1151389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While impairments in peripheral tissue insulin signalling have a well-characterized role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), the specific mechanisms that contribute to these impairments remain debatable. Nonetheless, a prominent hypothesis implicates the presence of a high-lipid environment, resulting in both reactive lipid accumulation and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the induction of peripheral tissue insulin resistance. While the etiology of insulin resistance in a high lipid environment is rapid and well documented, physical inactivity promotes insulin resistance in the absence of redox stress/lipid-mediated mechanisms, suggesting alternative mechanisms-of-action. One possible mechanism is a reduction in protein synthesis and the resultant decrease in key metabolic proteins, including canonical insulin signaling and mitochondrial proteins. While reductions in mitochondrial content associated with physical inactivity are not required for the induction of insulin resistance, this could predispose individuals to the detrimental effects of a high-lipid environment. Conversely, exercise-training induced mitochondrial biogenesis has been implicated in the protective effects of exercise. Given mitochondrial biology may represent a point of convergence linking impaired insulin sensitivity in both scenarios of chronic overfeeding and physical inactivity, this review aims to describe the interaction between mitochondrial biology, physical (in)activity and lipid metabolism within the context of insulin signalling.
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21
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Cuesta N, Fernández-Veledo S, Punzón C, Moreno C, Barrocal B, Sreeramkumar V, Desco M, Fresno M. Opposing Actions of TLR2 and TLR4 in Adipocyte Differentiation and Mature-Onset Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415682. [PMID: 36555322 PMCID: PMC9779340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the signaling cascades that govern adipocyte metabolism and differentiation is necessary for the development of therapies for obesity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key mediators in adipogenesis, but their specific role is not completely understood. In this study, siRNA knockdown of Tlr2 in 3T3-L1 cells allowed them to differentiate more efficiently into adipocytes, whereas the opposite was observed for the knockdown of Tlr4. At the same time, we show that TLR2 knock-out mice spontaneously developed mature-onset obesity and insulin resistance. Besides a higher incidence of hyperplasia and hypertrophy in white adipose tissue (WAT), we found a significantly increased number of adipocyte precursor cells in TLR2-/- mice compared to TLR4-/- mice. Interestingly, genetic inactivation of Tlr4 in TLR2-/- mice reverted their increased adiposity, insulin resistance, and restored normal levels of adipocyte precursor cells. These findings provide evidence that TLR2 and TLR4 play opposing roles in WAT homeostasis and point to the existence of cross-regulation among TLR2 and TLR4 during adipocyte differentiation both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cuesta
- School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Pere Virgili, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Punzón
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Moreno
- School of Medicine, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Barrocal
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vinatha Sreeramkumar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Hong Y, Lee M, Kim C, Kim GH. Dehydrocostus lactone ameliorates lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in palmitate-treated hepatocytes. J Anal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-022-00349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractFatty liver disease is caused by lipid accumulation in the liver, insulin resistance (IR), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Dehydrocostus lactone (DHE) has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer effects. However, its effects on hepatic steatosis and IR remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether DHE has antisteatotic effect on fatty liver in vitro. Hepatocytes HepG2 and SNU-449 cells were exposed to 0.25 mM palmitate (PA), and then antisteatotic effect was evaluated by treatment with 10 μM DHE. DHE treatment reduced lipid accumulation and lipogenesis factor protein levels, compared with PA-treated hepatocytes. DHE treatment also decreased gluconeogenesis marker expression and recovered IR in PA-treated hepatocytes, and promoted glucose uptake in PA-treated HepG2 cells. Additionally, the levels of ROS and ER stress factors in PA-treated HepG2 cells were reduced by DHE treatment, compared with PA-treated HepG2 cells. Overall, DHE decreased lipid accumulation and lipogenesis factors as well as recovered IR, gluconeogenesis, and glucose uptake by reducing ER stress and ROS levels in PA-treated hepatocytes. Thus, DHE is a potential antisteatotic agent.
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23
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Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) traditionally refers to abnormal glucose tolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. GDM has long been associated with obstetric and neonatal complications primarily relating to higher infant birthweight and is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for future maternal and offspring cardiometabolic disease. The prevalence of GDM continues to rise internationally due to epidemiological factors including the increase in background rates of obesity in women of reproductive age and rising maternal age and the implementation of the revised International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups' criteria and diagnostic procedures for GDM. The current lack of international consensus for the diagnosis of GDM reflects its complex historical evolution and pragmatic antenatal resource considerations given GDM is now 1 of the most common complications of pregnancy. Regardless, the contemporary clinical approach to GDM should be informed not only by its short-term complications but also by its longer term prognosis. Recent data demonstrate the effect of early in utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia, with evidence for fetal overgrowth present prior to the traditional diagnosis of GDM from 24 weeks' gestation, as well as the durable adverse impact of maternal hyperglycemia on child and adolescent metabolism. The major contribution of GDM to the global epidemic of intergenerational cardiometabolic disease highlights the importance of identifying GDM as an early risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, broadening the prevailing clinical approach to address longer term maternal and offspring complications following a diagnosis of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Sweeting
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jencia Wong
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen R Murphy
- Diabetes in Pregnancy Team, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.,Norwich Medical School, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Division of Women's Health, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Glynis P Ross
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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24
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Sheng CY, Son YH, Jang J, Park SJ. In vitro skeletal muscle models for type 2 diabetes. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:031306. [PMID: 36124295 PMCID: PMC9478902 DOI: 10.1063/5.0096420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally elevated blood sugar, poses a growing social, economic, and medical burden worldwide. The skeletal muscle is the largest metabolic organ responsible for glucose homeostasis in the body, and its inability to properly uptake sugar often precedes type 2 diabetes. Although exercise is known to have preventative and therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes, the underlying mechanism of these beneficial effects is largely unknown. Animal studies have been conducted to better understand the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and the positive effects of exercise on type 2 diabetes. However, the complexity of in vivo systems and the inability of animal models to fully capture human type 2 diabetes genetics and pathophysiology are two major limitations in these animal studies. Fortunately, in vitro models capable of recapitulating human genetics and physiology provide promising avenues to overcome these obstacles. This review summarizes current in vitro type 2 diabetes models with focuses on the skeletal muscle, interorgan crosstalk, and exercise. We discuss diabetes, its pathophysiology, common in vitro type 2 diabetes skeletal muscle models, interorgan crosstalk type 2 diabetes models, exercise benefits on type 2 diabetes, and in vitro type 2 diabetes models with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Y. Sheng
- Biohybrid Systems Group, Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Young Hoon Son
- Biohybrid Systems Group, Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | | | - Sung-Jin Park
- Biohybrid Systems Group, Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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25
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Kochumon S, Jacob T, Koshy M, Al-Rashed F, Sindhu S, Al-Ozairi E, Al-Mulla F, Rosen ED, Ahmad R. Palmitate Potentiates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-6 Production via Coordinated Acetylation of H3K9/H3K18, p300, and RNA Polymerase II. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:731-741. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-6 is elevated in obese individuals and participates in the metabolic dysfunction associated with that condition. However, the mechanisms that promote IL-6 expression in obesity are incompletely understood. Because elevated levels of palmitate and LPS have been reported in obesity, we investigated whether these agents interact to potentiate IL-6 production. In this study, we report that LPS induces higher levels of IL-6 in human monocytes in the presence of palmitate. Notably, the priming effect of palmitate is associated with enhanced p300 binding and transcription factor recruitment to Il6 promoter regions. Gene silencing of p300 blocks this action of palmitate. RNA polymerase II recruitment was also enhanced at the Il6 promoter in palmitate/LPS-exposed cells. Acetylation levels of H3K9 and H3K18 were increased in monocytes treated with palmitate. Moreover, LPS stimulation of palmitate-treated cells led to increased levels of the transcriptionally permissive acetylation marks H3K9/H3K18 in the Il6 promoter compared with LPS alone. The effect of palmitate on LPS-induced IL-6 production was suppressed by the inhibition of histone acetyltransferases. Conversely, histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A or sodium butyrate can substitute for palmitate in IL-6 production. Esterification of palmitate with CoA was involved, whereas β-oxidation and ceramide biosynthesis were not required, for the induction of IL-6 and H3K9/H3K18 acetylation. Monocytes of obese individuals showed significantly higher H3K9/H3K18 acetylation and Il6 expression. Overall, our findings support a model in which increased levels of palmitate in obesity create a setting for LPS to potentiate IL-6 production via chromatin remodeling, enabling palmitate to contribute to metabolic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihab Kochumon
- *Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Texy Jacob
- *Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Merin Koshy
- *Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fatema Al-Rashed
- *Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- *Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ebaa Al-Ozairi
- †Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- ‡Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Evan D. Rosen
- §Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and
- ¶Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- *Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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26
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Nakamura NK, Tokunaga DS, Ha HY, Polgar N. The Exocyst Is Required for CD36 Fatty Acid Translocase Trafficking and Free Fatty Acid Uptake in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Cells 2022; 11:2440. [PMID: 35954283 PMCID: PMC9368548 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity, chronic membrane-localization of CD36 free fatty acid (FFA) translocase, but not other FFA transporters, enhances FFA uptake and intracellular lipid accumulation. This ectopic lipid accumulation promotes insulin resistance by inhibiting insulin-induced GLUT4 glucose transporter trafficking and glucose uptake. GLUT4 and CD36 cell surface delivery is triggered by insulin- and contraction-induced signaling, which share conserved downstream effectors. While we have gathered detailed knowledge on GLUT4 trafficking, the mechanisms regulating CD36 membrane delivery and subsequent FFA uptake in skeletal muscle are not fully understood. The exocyst trafficking complex facilitates the docking of membrane-bound vesicles, a process underlying the controlled surface delivery of fuel transporters. The exocyst regulates insulin-induced glucose uptake via GLUT4 membrane trafficking in adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells and plays a role in lipid uptake in adipocytes. Based on the high degree of conservation of the GLUT4 and CD36 trafficking mechanisms in adipose and skeletal muscle tissue, we hypothesized that the exocyst also contributes to lipid uptake in skeletal muscle and acts through the targeted plasma membrane delivery of CD36 in response to insulin and contraction. Here, we show that the exocyst complex is necessary for insulin- and contraction-induced CD36 membrane trafficking and FFA uptake in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Noemi Polgar
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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27
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Feng Q, Yang M, Dong H, Sun H, Chen S, Chen C, Zhang Y, Lan X, Su D, Zeng G. Dietary fat quantity and quality in early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women: a prospective cohort study. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-10. [PMID: 35912684 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between the quantity and quality of dietary fat in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. In total, 1477 singleton pregnant women were included from Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Southwest China. Dietary information was collected by a 3-d 24-h dietary recall. GDM was diagnosed based on the results of a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 gestational weeks. Log-binomial models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% CI. The results showed that total fat intake was positively associated with GDM risk (Q4 v. Q1: RR = 1·40; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·76; Ptrend = 0·001). This association was also observed for the intakes of animal fat and vegetable fat. After stratified by total fat intake (< 30 %E v. ≥ 30 %E), the higher animal fat intake was associated with higher GDM risk in the high-fat group, but the moderate animal fat intake was associated with reduced risk of GDM (T2 v. T1: RR = 0·65; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·96) in the normal-fat group. Vegetable fat intake was positively associated with GDM risk in the high-fat group but not in the normal-fat group. No association between fatty acids intakes and GDM risk was found. In conclusion, total fat, animal and vegetable fat intakes were positively associated with GDM risk, respectively. Whereas when total fat intake was not excessive, higher intakes of animal and vegetable fat were likely irrelevant with increased GDM risk, even the moderate animal fat intake could be linked to lower GDM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengtong Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Danping Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Zeng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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28
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Shitole SG, Biggs ML, Ix JH, Fretts AM, Tracy RP, Siscovick DS, Djoussé L, Mukamal KJ, Kizer JR. Fasting and Postload Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Glucose Dysregulation in Older Adults. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:1235-1247. [PMID: 35247051 PMCID: PMC9989335 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the association of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) with dysglycemia in older adults, NEFA levels were measured among participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study (United States; enrolled 1989-1993). Associations with insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function, and with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), were examined. The sample comprised 2,144 participants (aged 77.9 (standard deviation, 4.5) years). Participant data from the Cardiovascular Health Study visit in 1996-1997 was used with prospective follow-up through 2010. Fasting and postload NEFA showed significant associations with lower insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function, individually and on concurrent adjustment. Over median follow-up of 9.7 years, 236 cases of DM occurred. Postload NEFA were associated with risk of DM (per standard deviation, hazard ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 1.29), but fasting NEFA were not (hazard ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 1.29). The association for postload NEFA persisted after adjustment for putative intermediates, and after adjustment for fasting NEFA. Sex and body mass index modified these associations, which were stronger for fasting NEFA with DM in men but were accentuated for postload NEFA in women and among leaner individuals. Fasting and postload NEFA were related to lower insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function, but only postload NEFA were associated with increased DM. Additional study into NEFA metabolism could uncover novel potential targets for diabetes prevention in elders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge R Kizer
- Correspondence to Dr. Jorge R. Kizer, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121 (e-mail: )
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29
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Nunan E, Wright CL, Semola OA, Subramanian M, Balasubramanian P, Lovern PC, Fancher IS, Butcher JT. Obesity as a premature aging phenotype - implications for sarcopenic obesity. GeroScience 2022; 44:1393-1405. [PMID: 35471692 PMCID: PMC9213608 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging have both seen dramatic increases in prevalence throughout society. This review seeks to highlight common pathologies that present with obesity, along with the underlying risk factors, that have remarkable similarity to what is observed in the aged. These include skeletal muscle dysfunction (loss of quantity and quality), significant increases in adiposity, systemic alterations to autonomic dysfunction, reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability, increases in oxidant stress and inflammation, dysregulation of glucose homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review is organized by the aforementioned indices and succinctly highlights literature that demonstrates similarities between the aged and obese phenotypes in both human and animal models. As aging is an inevitability and obesity prevalence is unlikely to significantly decrease in the near future, these two phenotypes will ultimately combine as a multidimensional syndrome (a pathology termed sarcopenic obesity). Whether the pre-mature aging indices accompanying obesity are additive or synergistic upon entering aging is not yet well defined, but the goal of this review is to illustrate the potential consequences of a double aged phenotype in sarcopenic obesity. Clinically, the modifiable risk factors could be targeted specifically in obesity to allow for increased health span in the aged and sarcopenic obese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Nunan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Carson L Wright
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Oluwayemisi A Semola
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Madhan Subramanian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Pamela C Lovern
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ibra S Fancher
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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30
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Murthy VL, Nayor M, Carnethon M, Reis JP, Lloyd-Jones D, Allen NB, Kitchen R, Piaggi P, Steffen LM, Vasan RS, Freedman JE, Clish CB, Shah RV. Circulating metabolite profile in young adulthood identifies long-term diabetes susceptibility: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Diabetologia 2022; 65:657-674. [PMID: 35041022 PMCID: PMC8969893 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this work was to define metabolic correlates and pathways of diabetes pathogenesis in young adults during a subclinical latent phase of diabetes development. METHODS We studied 2083 young adults of Black and White ethnicity in the prospective observational cohort Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (mean ± SD age 32.1 ± 3.6 years; 43.9% women; 42.7% Black; mean ± SD BMI 25.6 ± 4.9 kg/m2) and 1797 Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants (mean ± SD age 54.7 ± 9.7 years; 52.1% women; mean ± SD BMI 27.4 ± 4.8 kg/m2), examining the association of comprehensive metabolite profiles with endophenotypes of diabetes susceptibility (adipose and muscle tissue phenotypes and systemic inflammation). Statistical learning techniques and Cox regression were used to identify metabolite signatures of incident diabetes over a median of nearly two decades of follow-up across both cohorts. RESULTS We identified known and novel metabolites associated with endophenotypes that delineate the complex pathophysiological architecture of diabetes, spanning mechanisms of muscle insulin resistance, inflammatory lipid signalling and beta cell metabolism (e.g. bioactive lipids, amino acids and microbe- and diet-derived metabolites). Integrating endophenotypes of diabetes susceptibility with the metabolome generated two multi-parametric metabolite scores, one of which (a proinflammatory adiposity score) was associated with incident diabetes across the life course in participants from both the CARDIA study (young adults; HR in a fully adjusted model 2.10 [95% CI 1.72, 2.55], p<0.0001) and FHS (middle-aged and older adults; HR 1.33 [95% CI 1.14, 1.56], p=0.0004). A metabolite score based on the outcome of diabetes was strongly related to diabetes in CARDIA study participants (fully adjusted HR 3.41 [95% CI 2.85, 4.07], p<0.0001) but not in the older FHS population (HR 1.15 [95% CI 0.99, 1.33], p=0.07). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Selected metabolic abnormalities in young adulthood identify individuals with heightened diabetes risk independent of race, sex and traditional diabetes risk factors. These signatures replicate across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh L Murthy
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Matthew Nayor
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jared P Reis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Kitchen
- Simches Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Jane E Freedman
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ravi V Shah
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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31
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Serine Palmitoyltransferase Gene Silencing Prevents Ceramide Accumulation and Insulin Resistance in Muscles in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071123. [PMID: 35406688 PMCID: PMC8997855 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles account for ~80% of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and play a key role in lipid metabolism. Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to metabolic changes in muscles, including the development of insulin resistance. The studies carried out to date indicate that the accumulation of biologically active lipids, such as long-chain acyl-CoA, diacylglycerols and ceramides, play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscles. Unfortunately, it has not yet been clarified which of these lipid groups plays the dominant role in inducing these disorders. In order to explore this topic further, we locally silenced the gene encoding serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) in the gastrocnemius muscle of animals with HFD-induced insulin resistance. This enzyme is primarily responsible for the first step of de novo ceramide biosynthesis. The obtained results confirm that the HFD induces the development of whole-body insulin resistance, which results in inhibition of the insulin pathway. This is associated with an increased level of biologically active lipids in the muscles. Our results also demonstrate that silencing the SPT gene with the shRNA plasmid reduces the accumulation of ceramides in gastrocnemius muscle, which, in turn, boosts the activity of the insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of ceramide synthesis does not significantly affect the content of other lipids, which suggests the leading role of ceramide in the lipid-related induction of skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
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32
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Henning C, Stübner C, Arabi SH, Reichenwallner J, Hinderberger D, Fiedler R, Girndt M, Di Sanzo S, Ori A, Glomb MA. Glycation Alters the Fatty Acid Binding Capacity of Human Serum Albumin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3033-3046. [PMID: 35194998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycation significantly alters the physicochemical and biofunctional properties of proteins in foods and in vivo. In the present study, human serum albumin (HSA) as the major transporter of fatty acids was modified with glyoxal under physiological conditions. Reversibly albumin-bound glyoxal was removed, and advanced glycation end products were quantitated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The total modification of protein-bound lysine and arginine residues reached up to 4.2 and 9.6%, respectively. The impact of these modifications on the transport capacity of long-chain fatty acids was characterized by spin-labeled fatty acid probes via electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. With increasing degree of glycation, the equivalence of the seven binding sites of native HSA with a dissociation constant of 0.74 ± 0.09 μM was set off with only the three high-affinity sites 2, 4, and 5 remaining (0.46 ± 0.07 μM). The other four sites were shifted to low affinities with significantly higher dissociation constants (1.32 ± 0.35 μM). Tryptic peptide mapping enabled us to relate these findings to molecular changes at specific binding sites. Modification hotspots identified were lysine 351, 286, 159 and arginine 144, 485, 117. Further investigation of plasma protein samples of uremic patients vs healthy controls gave first insights into the in vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Henning
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christine Stübner
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Seyed Hamidreza Arabi
- Institute of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Jörg Reichenwallner
- Institute of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institute of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Roman Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Simone Di Sanzo
- Leibniz Institute on Aging─Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging─Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marcus A Glomb
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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A mouse model of gestational diabetes shows dysregulated lipid metabolism post-weaning, after return to euglycaemia. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:8. [PMID: 35169132 PMCID: PMC8847647 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease for the mother in the decade after delivery. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive these effects are unknown. Recent studies in humans have shown that lipid metabolism is dysregulated before diagnosis of and during gestational diabetes and we have shown previously that lipid metabolism is also altered in obese female mice before, during and after pregnancy. These observations led us to the hypothesis that this persistent dysregulation reflects an altered control of lipid distribution throughout the organism. METHODS We tested this in post-weaning (PW) dams using our established mouse model of obese GDM (high fat, high sugar, obesogenic diet) and an updated purpose-built computational tool for plotting the distribution of lipid variables throughout the maternal system (Lipid Traffic Analysis v2.3). RESULTS This network analysis showed that unlike hyperglycaemia, lipid distribution and traffic do not return to normal after pregnancy in obese mouse dams. A greater range of phosphatidylcholines was found throughout the lean compared to obese post-weaning dams. A range of triglycerides that were found in the hearts of lean post-weaning dams were only found in the livers of obese post-weaning dams and the abundance of odd-chain FA-containing lipids differed locally in the two groups. We have therefore shown that the control of lipid distribution changed for several metabolic pathways, with evidence for changes to the regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis and FA distribution, in a number of tissues. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the control of lipid metabolism is altered following an obese pregnancy. These results support the hypothesis that obese dams that developed GDM maintain dysregulated lipid metabolism after pregnancy even when glycaemia returned to normal, and that these alterations could contribute to the increased risk of later type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Pedroza GH, Lanzon LF, Rabaglino MB, Walker WL, Vahmani P, Denicol AC. Exposure to non-esterified fatty acids in vitro results in changes in the ovarian and follicular environment in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 238:106937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Song X, Wang M, Jiao H, Zhao J, Wang X, Lin H. Ghrelin is a signal to facilitate the utilization of fatty acids and save glucose by the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues in chicks. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159081. [PMID: 34856413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin, classically known as a central appetite-stimulating hormone, has recently been recognized to play an important role in peripheral tissue energy metabolism. In chicken, contrary to mammal, ghrelin acts as an anorexia signal, increased by fasting and further elevated after refed. In the present study, the effect of ghrelin on glucose/lipid utilization by peripheral tissues was investigated. Injection of exogenous acyl ghrelin reduced plasma triglyceride and glucose levels of chickens at both fasting and fed status. In the in vitro cultured chicken primary hepatocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts, ghrelin suppressed glucose uptake, stimulated fatty acids uptake and oxidation, and decreased TG content. In hepatocyte, ghrelin increased the activities of LPL and HL, and upregulated the expression levels of gene ACC, CPT1, and PPARα. Ghrelin treatment markedly increased the protein level of p-ACC, PPARγ, PGC1α, and CPT1 in hepatocytes, adipocytes and myoblasts. Inhibition of AMPK activity by Compound C had no influence on glucose uptake by hepatocyte, adipocyte, and myoblast, but further amplified the stimulated fatty acid uptake of adipocyte by ghrelin. The present result demonstrates that ghrelin facilitates the uptake and oxidation of fatty acid and cut down the utilization of glucose by the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. The result suggests that ghrelin functions as a signal of fatty acid oxidation. The study provides a vital framework for understanding the intrinsic role of ghrelin as a crucial factor in the concerted regulation of metabolic substrate of hepatocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China; School of Sport Social Science, Shandong Sport University, No. 10600 Shiji Street, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Abstract
The accumulation of an excessive amount of body fat can cause type 2 diabetes, and the risk of type 2 diabetes increases linearly with an increase in body mass index. Accordingly, the worldwide increase in the prevalence of obesity has led to a concomitant increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. The cellular and physiological mechanisms responsible for the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes are complex and involve adiposity-induced alterations in β cell function, adipose tissue biology, and multi-organ insulin resistance, which are often ameliorated and can even be normalized with adequate weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA.
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Pan L, Xu Q, Liu J, Gao Y, Li J, Peng H, Chen L, Wang M, Mai G, Yang S. Dose-response relationship between Chinese visceral adiposity index and type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:959860. [PMID: 36277708 PMCID: PMC9579311 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.959860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION China has the largest population of diabetic patients (about 116 million) in the world. As a novel model of the fat index for Chinese people, the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) was considered a reliable indicator to assess the dysfunction of visceral fat. This study aimed to explore the dose-response relationship between CVAI and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Chinese population, considering CVAI as a continuous/categorical variable. METHOD Baseline and follow-up data were collected from waves 2011 and 2015, respectively, of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between CVAI and T2DM. We built three models to adjust the possible effect of 10 factors (age, gender, education level, location, marital status, smoking status, drinking status, sleep time, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) on the outcome. The restricted cubic splines were used to examine possible non-linear associations and visualize the dose-response relationship between CVAI and T2DM. RESULTS A total of 5,014 participants were included, with 602 (12.00%) T2DM patients. The last CVAI quartile group (Q4) presented the highest risk of T2DM (OR, 2.17, 95% CI, 1.67-2.83), after adjusting for all covariates. There was a non-linear (U-shaped) relationship between the CVAI and the risk of T2DM (p for non-linear <0.001) in the restricted cubic spline regression model. CVAI was a risk factor of T2DM when it exceeded 92.49; every interquartile range (IQR) increment in the CVAI was associated with a 57% higher risk of developing T2DM (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.36-1.83) after adjusting for potential confounders. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval) for CVAI was 0.623, and the optimal cutoff point was 111.2. There was a significant interaction between CVAI and gender by stratified analysis. CONCLUSION CVAI was closely associated with the risk of T2DM and might possibly be a potential marker in predicting T2DM development. The outcome suggested that it might be better to maintain CVAI within an appropriate range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Pan
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Center, Deyang People’s Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Deyang People’s Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics , Deyang People’s Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nephrology , Deyang People’s Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Hongye Peng
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linli Chen
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Miyuan Wang
- School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Mai
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Center, Deyang People’s Hospital, Deyang, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Mai, ; Shuo Yang,
| | - Shuo Yang
- Central Laboratory, HuangGang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Huanggang, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Mai, ; Shuo Yang,
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Revisiting the contribution of mitochondrial biology to the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Biochem J 2021; 478:3809-3826. [PMID: 34751699 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While the etiology of type 2 diabetes is multifaceted, the induction of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a key phenomenon, and impairments in insulin signaling in this tissue directly contribute to hyperglycemia. Despite the lack of clarity regarding the specific mechanisms whereby insulin signaling is impaired, the key role of a high lipid environment within skeletal muscle has been recognized for decades. Many of the proposed mechanisms leading to the attenuation of insulin signaling - namely the accumulation of reactive lipids and the pathological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), appear to rely on this high lipid environment. Mitochondrial biology is a central component to these processes, as these organelles are almost exclusively responsible for the oxidation and metabolism of lipids within skeletal muscle and are a primary source of ROS production. Classic studies have suggested that reductions in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and/or function contribute to lipid-induced insulin resistance; however, in recent years the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance has been gradually re-evaluated to consider the biological effects of alterations in mitochondrial content. In this respect, while reductions in mitochondrial content are not required for the induction of insulin resistance, mechanisms that increase mitochondrial content are thought to enhance mitochondrial substrate sensitivity and submaximal adenosine diphosphate (ADP) kinetics. Thus, this review will describe the central role of a high lipid environment in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, and present both classic and contemporary views of how mitochondrial biology contributes to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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Rezazadeh H, Sharifi MR, Sharifi M, Soltani N. Magnesium sulfate improves insulin resistance in high fat diet induced diabetic parents and their offspring. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 909:174418. [PMID: 34411605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, first, the role of high-fat diet (HFD) in insulin resistance (IR) in offspring with diabetic and non-diabetic parents, and then the effect of magnesium sulfate (Mg) administration on improved IR in HFD diabetic parents, and their offspring were investigated. Induction of diabetes was carried out by eating HFD and a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic rats were divided into three groups: diabetic control (DC), insulin, and Mg-treated (Mg). The non-diabetic control (NDC) group received a normal diet. Their offspring were fed on a regular diet for four months. Blood glucose and body weight of all animals were measured weekly, and IPGTT, urine volume, and water intake were measured monthly. In both parents and their offspring, the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was conducted, and blood samples were obtained. In all groups, the expression of IRS1, Akt and GLUT4 genes in muscle was measured. The HFD-fed rats exhibited a significant increase in blood glucose, body weight and IPGTT. In diabetic parents and their offspring, Mg or insulin therapy lowered blood glucose, IPGTT, and HbA1c relative to the DC group. They also increased GIR in parents and their offspring. Compared to the DC group, the expression of IRS1, Akt and GLUT4 genes was increased in both parents. Mg had positive effects on the expression of IRS1, Akt and GLUT4 genes in Mg treated offspring and reduced IR in them. As a result, magnesium may have beneficial effects on IR by increasing the expression of IRS1, Akt and GLUT4 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rezazadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sharifi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohmmadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Choi E, Baek S, Baek K, Kim HK. Psidium guajava L. leaf extract inhibits adipocyte differentiation and improves insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:568-578. [PMID: 34603605 PMCID: PMC8446691 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.5.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves have been shown to exhibit hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects in rodents. This study investigated the effects of guava leaf extract on adipogenesis, glucose uptake, and lipolysis of adipocytes to examine whether the antidiabetic properties are mediated through direct effects on adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 25, 50, 100 µg/mL of methanol extract from guava leaf extract (GLE) or 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide as a control. Lipid accumulation was evaluated with Oil Red O Staining and AdipoRed assay. Immunoblotting was performed to measure the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Glucose uptake under basal or insulin-stimulated condition was measured using a glucose analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Lipolysis from fully differentiated adipocytes was measured by free fatty acids release into the culture medium in the presence or absence of epinephrine. RESULTS Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay have shown that GLE treatment reduced lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. Mitotic clonal expansion, an early essential event for adipocyte differentiation, was inhibited by GLE treatment. GLE inhibited the expression of transcription factors involved in adipocyte differentiation, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). FAS expression was also decreased while the phosphorylation of AMPK was increased by GLE treatment. In addition, GLE increased insulin-induced glucose uptake into adipocytes. In lipid-filled mature adipocytes, GLE enhanced epinephrine-induced lipolysis but reduced basal lipolysis dose-dependently. CONCLUSIONS The results show that GLE inhibits adipogenesis and improves adipocyte function by reducing basal lipolysis and increasing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes, which can be partly associated with antidiabetic effects of guava leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Seoyoung Baek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Kuanglim Baek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
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Axelrod CL, Fealy CE, Erickson ML, Davuluri G, Fujioka H, Dantas WS, Huang E, Pergola K, Mey JT, King WT, Mulya A, Hsia D, Burguera B, Tandler B, Hoppel CL, Kirwan JP. Lipids activate skeletal muscle mitochondrial fission and quality control networks to induce insulin resistance in humans. Metabolism 2021; 121:154803. [PMID: 34090870 PMCID: PMC8277749 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A diminution in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function due to ectopic lipid accumulation and excess nutrient intake is thought to contribute to insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. However, the functional integrity of mitochondria in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle remains highly controversial. METHODS 19 healthy adults (age:28.4 ± 1.7 years; BMI:22.7 ± 0.3 kg/m2) received an overnight intravenous infusion of lipid (20% Intralipid) or saline followed by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to assess insulin sensitivity using a randomized crossover design. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained after the overnight lipid infusion to evaluate activation of mitochondrial dynamics proteins, ex-vivo mitochondrial membrane potential, ex-vivo oxidative phosphorylation and electron transfer capacity, and mitochondrial ultrastructure. RESULTS Overnight lipid infusion increased dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1) phosphorylation at serine 616 and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) expression (P = 0.003 and P = 0.008, respectively) in skeletal muscle while reducing mitochondrial membrane potential (P = 0.042). The lipid infusion also increased mitochondrial-associated lipid droplet formation (P = 0.011), the number of dilated cristae, and the presence of autophagic vesicles without altering mitochondrial number or respiratory capacity. Additionally, lipid infusion suppressed peripheral glucose disposal (P = 0.004) and hepatic insulin sensitivity (P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that activation of mitochondrial fission and quality control occur early in the onset of insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle. Targeting mitochondrial dynamics and quality control represents a promising new pharmacological approach for treating insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02697201, ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; Department of Translational Services, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ciaran E Fealy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Melissa L Erickson
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Gangarao Davuluri
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Hisashi Fujioka
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wagner S Dantas
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Emily Huang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kathryn Pergola
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; Department of Translational Services, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jacob T Mey
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - William T King
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; Department of Translational Services, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Anny Mulya
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Daniel Hsia
- Clinical Trials Unit, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Bartolome Burguera
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Bernard Tandler
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Qu J, Tan S, Xie X, Wu W, Zhu H, Li H, Liao X, Wang J, Zhou ZA, Huang S, Lu Q. Dendrobium Officinale Polysaccharide Attenuates Insulin Resistance and Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Obese Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:659626. [PMID: 34194325 PMCID: PMC8236886 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.659626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) is the main active ingredient in a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, which exerts several pharmacological activities including hepatoprotection and hypoglycemic effects. However, the effects of DOP on obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) and lipid metabolism remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of DOP in IR and abnormal lipid metabolism in obese mice. Methods: IR models were established using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, C2C12 myocytes, and primary cultured hepatocytes exposed to palmitate acid. After treatment with DOP, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, glucose release, and AKT phosphorylation was detected. Fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, the glucose tolerance test (GTT), and the insulin tolerance test (ITT) were measured to evaluate IR of obese mice. Lipid analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of DOP on lipid metabolism in obese mice. Results:In vitro, DOP treatment ameliorated palmitic acid-induced IR in adipocytes, myocytes, and hepatocytes. DOP regulated cellular insulin sensitivity via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Furthermore, administration of DOP significantly reduced the IR and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation of diet-induced obese (DIO) and the genetically-induced obesity mice (ob/ob) mouse models. In addition, DOP treatment attenuated the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver lipid accumulation by reducing liver triglycerides (TG), plasma free fatty acid (FFA), serum cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, while increasing HDL-C levels. Conclusion: DOP could improve obesity-associated IR and abnormal lipid metabolism through its activities on PPAR-γ, and may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for obesity-associated insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengyu Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyan Xie
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Wu
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobo Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Ang Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Song Huang
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Kim JN, Han SN, Kim HK. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Diabetic Effect of Black Soybean Anthocyanins: Data from a Dual Cooperative Cellular System. Molecules 2021; 26:3363. [PMID: 34199668 PMCID: PMC8199741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by elevated infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue, leading to the development of insulin resistance. The black soybean seed coat is a rich source of anthocyanins with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. This study investigated the effects of black soybean anthocyanin extract (BSAn) on obesity-induced oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and insulin resistance in a coculture system of hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264 macrophages. Coculture of adipocytes with macrophages increased the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators and cytokines (NO, MCP-1, PGE2, TNFα, and IL-6) and the release of free fatty acids but reduced anti-inflammatory adiponectin secretion. BSAn treatment (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) alleviated the coculture-induced changes (p < 0.001) and inhibited coculture-induced activation of JNK and ERK signaling (p < 0.01). BSAn also blocked the migration of RAW264.7 macrophages toward 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, treatment with BSAn increased PPARγ expression and glucose uptake in response to insulin in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocyte and RAW264.7 macrophage coculture (p < 0.01). These results demonstrate that BSAn attenuates inflammatory responses and improves adipocyte metabolic function in the coculture of hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages, suggesting the effectiveness of BSAn for obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Nam Kim
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14662, Korea;
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14662, Korea;
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44
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Korac B, Kalezic A, Pekovic-Vaughan V, Korac A, Jankovic A. Redox changes in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101887. [PMID: 33579666 PMCID: PMC8113039 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
"Life is an instantaneous encounter of circulating matter and flowing energy" (Jean Giaja, Serbian physiologist), is one of the most elegant definitions not only of life but the relationship of redox biology and metabolism. Their evolutionary liaison has created inseparable yet dynamic homeostasis in health, which, when disrupted, leads to disease. This interconnection is even more pertinent today, in an era of increasing metabolic diseases of epidemic proportions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Despite great advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of redox and metabolic regulation, we face significant challenges in preventing, diagnosing, and treating metabolic diseases. The etiological association and temporal overlap of these syndromes present significant challenges for the discrimination of appropriate clinical biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment, and outcome prediction. These multifactorial, multiorgan metabolic syndromes with complex etiopathogenic mechanisms are accompanied by disturbed redox equilibrium in target tissues and circulation. Free radicals and reactive species are considered both a causal factor and a consequence of disease status. Thus, determining the subtypes and levels of free radicals and reactive species, oxidatively damaged biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) and antioxidant defense components as well as redox-sensitive transcription factors and fluxes of redox-dependent metabolic pathways will help define existing and establish novel redox biomarkers for stratifying metabolic diseases. This review aims to discuss diverse redox/metabolic aspects in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, with the imperative to help establish a platform for emerging and future redox-metabolic biomarkers research in precision medicine. Future research warrants detailed investigations into the status of redox biomarkers in healthy subjects and patients, including the use of emerging 'omic' profiling technologies (e.g., redox proteomes, lipidomes, metabolomes, and transcriptomes), taking into account the influence of lifestyle (diet, physical activity, sleep, work patterns) as well as circadian ~24h fluctuations in circulatory factors and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bato Korac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Center for Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Andjelika Kalezic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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45
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Kharazmi-Khorassani J, Ghafarian Zirak R, Ghazizadeh H, Zare-Feyzabadi R, Kharazmi-Khorassani S, Naji-Reihani-Garmroudi S, Kazemi E, Esmaily H, Javan-Doust A, Banpour H, Mohammadi-Bajgiran M, Besharatlou MR, Ferns GA, Hashemi M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. The role of serum monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in cardiovascular disease risk. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021049. [PMID: 33988177 PMCID: PMC8182619 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i2.9235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFA) observed as independent risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this study we investigated FFA levels in patients with CVD, and its risk factors. In this case-control study, 214 patients experienced coronary angiography and 222 healthy subjects were enrolled. Participants were categorized into two groups: who had >50% and <30% stenosis were assigned to the angiogram positive (N=90) and negative (N=124) group, respectively. Several risk factors were assessed and the levels of FFAs were determined using gas chromatography. Serum FFA concentrations were compared between healthy and patients with positive and negative angiograms. The association of serum FFA levels with four major risk factors (hypertension, FBG level, high BMI and WHR) were also assessed. Our data showed that median of FFAs was higher in patients than healthy subjects (p<0.0001), such as SFA and n6-FFAs (in patients; 1.59 (1.27) and 1.22 (1.06) and in healthy subjects 0.33 (0.38) and 0.36 (0.35), respectively). According to anthropometric and biochemical data, there were not statistical differences between the groups, except FBG, SBP and hs-CRP that showed significantly higher levels in patients than controls (p<0.0001, p=0.001). Also, lower median levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and DBP were observed in patients which can due to lipid-lowering medication use like Statins. High serum levels of FFAs are considered as an independent risk factor for CVDs, while various types of FFAs can have different influences on CVD risk factors. Therefore, longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the association between FFAs and CVD risk factors. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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46
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Mitochondrial Transplantation as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094793. [PMID: 33946468 PMCID: PMC8124982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major source of intercellular bioenergy in the form of ATP. They are necessary for cell survival and play many essential roles such as maintaining calcium homeostasis, body temperature, regulation of metabolism and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in variety of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, aging, type 2 diabetes, cancer and degenerative brain disease. In other words, the interpretation and regulation of mitochondrial signals has the potential to be applied as a treatment for various diseases caused by mitochondrial disorders. In recent years, mitochondrial transplantation has increasingly been a topic of interest as an innovative strategy for the treatment of mitochondrial diseases by augmentation and replacement of mitochondria. In this review, we focus on diseases that are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and highlight studies related to the rescue of tissue-specific mitochondrial disorders. We firmly believe that mitochondrial transplantation is an optimistic therapeutic approach in finding a potentially valuable treatment for a variety of mitochondrial diseases.
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47
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Dahdah N, Gonzalez-Franquesa A, Samino S, Gama-Perez P, Herrero L, Perales JC, Yanes O, Malagón MDM, Garcia-Roves PM. Effects of Lifestyle Intervention in Tissue-Specific Lipidomic Profile of Formerly Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3694. [PMID: 33916315 PMCID: PMC8037078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are highly diverse in their composition, properties and distribution in different biological entities. We aim to establish the lipidomes of several insulin-sensitive tissues and to test their plasticity when divergent feeding regimens and lifestyles are imposed. Here, we report a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) study of lipid abundance across 4 tissues of C57Bl6J male mice that includes the changes in the lipid profile after every lifestyle intervention. Every tissue analysed presented a specific lipid profile irrespective of interventions. Glycerolipids and fatty acids were most abundant in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) followed by liver, whereas sterol lipids and phosphoglycerolipids were highly enriched in hypothalamus, and gastrocnemius had the lowest content in all lipid species compared to the other tissues. Both when subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) and after a subsequent lifestyle intervention (INT), the lipidome of hypothalamus showed no changes. Gastrocnemius and liver revealed a pattern of increase in content in many lipid species after HFD followed by a regression to basal levels after INT, while eWAT lipidome was affected mainly by the fat composition of the administered diets and not their caloric density. Thus, the present study demonstrates a unique lipidome for each tissue modulated by caloric intake and dietary composition.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Caloric Restriction
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Healthy Lifestyle
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Lipidomics
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/diet therapy
- Obesity/metabolism
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Dahdah
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-F.); (P.G.-P.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Alba Gonzalez-Franquesa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-F.); (P.G.-P.); (J.C.P.)
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Samino
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering & IISPV, 43004 Tarragona, Spain; (S.S.); (O.Y.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Gama-Perez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-F.); (P.G.-P.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Carlos Perales
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-F.); (P.G.-P.); (J.C.P.)
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Gene Therapy Group, Diabetes and Metabolism Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering & IISPV, 43004 Tarragona, Spain; (S.S.); (O.Y.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Malagón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, IMIBIC, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Miguel Garcia-Roves
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-F.); (P.G.-P.); (J.C.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Gene Therapy Group, Diabetes and Metabolism Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Ramos PA, Lytle KA, Delivanis D, Nielsen S, LeBrasseur NK, Jensen MD. Insulin-Stimulated Muscle Glucose Uptake and Insulin Signaling in Lean and Obese Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1631-e1646. [PMID: 33382888 PMCID: PMC7993573 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Skeletal muscle is the primary site for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, and muscle insulin resistance is central to abnormal glucose metabolism in obesity. Whether muscle insulin signaling to the level of Akt/AS160 is intact in insulin-resistant obese humans is controversial. METHODS We defined a linear range of insulin-stimulated systemic and leg glucose uptake in 14 obese and 14 nonobese volunteers using a 2-step insulin clamp (Protocol 1) and then examined the obesity-related defects in muscle insulin action in 16 nonobese and 25 obese male and female volunteers matched for fitness using a 1-step, hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp coupled with muscle biopsies (Protocol 2). RESULTS Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (Si) was reduced by > 60% (P < 0.0001) in the obese group in Protocol 2; however, the phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream effector AS160 were not different between nonobese and obese groups. The increase in phosphorylation of Akt2 in response to insulin was positively correlated with Si for both the nonobese (r = 0.53, P = 0.03) and the obese (r = 0.55, P = 0.01) groups. Total muscle GLUT4 protein was 17% less (P < 0.05) in obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that reduced muscle glucose uptake in obesity is not due to defects in the insulin signaling pathway at the level of Akt/AS160, which suggests there remain significant gaps in our knowledge of muscle insulin resistance in obesity. Our data imply that models of acute lipotoxicity do not replicate the pathophysiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Ramos
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kelli A Lytle
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Søren Nielsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Michael D Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Correspondence: Michael D. Jensen, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Joseph Rm 5–194, Rochester MN 55905, USA.
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Pathology, Risk Factors, and Oxidative Damage Related to Type 2 Diabetes-Mediated Alzheimer's Disease and the Rescuing Effects of the Potent Antioxidant Anthocyanin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4051207. [PMID: 33728019 PMCID: PMC7936905 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4051207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathology and neurodegeneration in type 2 diabetes- (T2D-) mediated Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been reported in several studies. Despite the lack of information regarding the basic underlying mechanisms involved in the development of T2D-mediated AD, some common features of the two conditions have been reported, such as brain atrophy, reduced cerebral glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance. T2D phenotypes such as glucose dyshomeostasis, insulin resistance, impaired insulin signaling, and systemic inflammatory cytokines have been shown to be involved in the progression of AD pathology by increasing amyloid-beta accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and overall neuroinflammation. Similarly, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) as a result of chronic hyperglycemia may serve as critical links between diabetes and AD. The natural dietary polyflavonoid anthocyanin enhances insulin sensitivity, attenuates insulin resistance at the level of the target tissues, inhibits free fatty acid oxidation, and abrogates the release of peripheral inflammatory cytokines in obese (prediabetic) individuals, which are responsible for insulin resistance, systemic hyperglycemia, systemic inflammation, brain metabolism dyshomeostasis, amyloid-beta accumulation, and neuroinflammatory responses. In this review, we have shown that obesity may induce T2D-mediated AD and assessed the recent therapeutic advances, especially the use of anthocyanin, against T2D-mediated AD pathology. Taken together, the findings of current studies may help elucidate a new approach for the prevention and treatment of T2D-mediated AD by using the polyflavonoid anthocyanin.
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50
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Stefanovski D, Punjabi NM, Boston RC, Watanabe RM. Insulin Action, Glucose Homeostasis and Free Fatty Acid Metabolism: Insights From a Novel Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:625701. [PMID: 33815283 PMCID: PMC8010655 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.625701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) are essential nutrients that are both partly regulated by insulin. Impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance are hallmarks of aberrant glucose disposal, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In the current study, a novel model of FFA kinetics is proposed to estimate the role insulin action on FFA lipolysis and oxidation allowing estimation of adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (SIFFA ). Twenty-five normal volunteers were recruited for the current study. To participate, volunteers had to be less than 40 years of age and have a body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2, and be free of medical comorbidity. The proposed model of FFA kinetics was used to analyze the data derived from the insulin-modified FSIGT. Mean fractional standard deviations of the parameter estimates were all less than 20%. Standardized residuals of the fit of the model to the FFA temporal data were randomly distributed, with only one estimated point lying outside the 2-standard deviation range, suggesting an acceptable fit of the model to the FFA data. The current study describes a novel one-compartment non-linear model of FFA kinetics during an FSIGT that provides an FFA metabolism insulin sensitivity parameter (SIFFA ). Furthermore, the models suggest a new role of glucose as the modulator of FFA disposal. Estimates of SIFFA confirmed previous findings that FFA metabolism is more sensitive to changes in insulin than glucose metabolism. Novel derived indices of insulin sensitivity of FFA (SIFFA ) were correlated with minimal model indices. These associations suggest a cooperative rather than competitive interplay between the two primary nutrients (glucose and FFA) and allude to the FFA acting as the buffer, such that glucose homeostasis is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Stefanovski
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Darko Stefanovski,
| | - Naresh M. Punjabi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Raymond C. Boston
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, PA, United States
| | - Richard M. Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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