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Lei X, Chen H, Xu Y, Yang Z, Zhang L, Wang C, Du H. Serum isthmin-1 is a potential biomarker for metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e004514. [PMID: 39322582 PMCID: PMC11425935 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2024-004514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a prevalent condition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Isthmin-1 (ISM1) is an adipokine that promotes glucose uptake and improves glucose tolerance and hepatic steatosis. Although ISM1 has been shown to be associated with T2DM, its role in patients with MAFLD and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains insufficiently examined. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum ISM1 and MAFLD in patients with T2DM and the potential involvement of MetS in this association. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 250 participants were divided into four groups: 60 patients with T2DM and MAFLD, 60 with newly diagnosed T2DM, 60 with MAFLD, and 70 healthy controls. Serum ISM1 levels were measured using ELISA. The distribution of ISM1 concentration in the combined data was divided into quartiles, and the Cochran-Armitage trend test was performed to estimate the significant trends across increasing quartiles. RESULTS Compared with the controls, patients with coexisting MAFLD, MetS, and T2DM exhibited significantly elevated serum ISM1 concentrations. Serum ISM1 levels in the overweight/obese group were also higher than those in the lean group. Serum ISM1 levels were positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and negatively associated with age and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). BMI, TC, and HDL-C were independently associated with serum ISM1 concentration. The relative risks for MAFLD, T2DM, and T2DM with MAFLD increased significantly with higher ISM1 quartiles. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between serum ISM1 levels and the number of MetS components, with the elevated plasma levels of ISM1 escalating the risk of developing MetS to some extent. CONCLUSIONS The combination of ISM1 with TG and UA was identified as the best predictive factor for diagnosing MAFLD and MetS, potentially due to their contribution to aggravating the metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - HaiYan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - YuXin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuoran Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hu Du
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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Diab R, Dimachkie L, Zein O, Dakroub A, Eid AH. Intermittent Fasting Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and Improves Cardiovascular Health. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:1583-1597. [PMID: 38847940 PMCID: PMC11445340 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. While the prevalence of obesity has been increasing, the incidence of its related complications including dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has also been rising. Recent research has focused on modalities aimed at reducing obesity. Several modalities have been suggested including behavioral and dietary changes, medications, and bariatric surgery. These modalities differ in their effectiveness and invasiveness, with dietary changes gaining more interest due to their minimal risks compared to other modalities. Specifically, intermittent fasting (IF) has been gaining interest in the past decade. IF is characterized by cycles of alternating fasting and eating windows, with several different forms practiced. IF has been shown to reduce weight and alleviate obesity-related complications. Our review of clinical and experimental studies explores the effects of IF on the lipid profile, white adipose tissue (WAT) dynamics, and the gut microbiome. Notably, IF corrects dyslipidemia, reduces WAT accumulation, and decreases inflammation, which reduces CVD and obesity. This comprehensive analysis details the protective metabolic role of IF, advocating for its integration into public health practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Diab
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lina Dimachkie
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omar Zein
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Dakroub
- St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center, Roslyn, NY, USA
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, QU Health, Doha, Qatar.
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3
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Krüger P, Hartinger R, Djabali K. Navigating Lipodystrophy: Insights from Laminopathies and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8020. [PMID: 39125589 PMCID: PMC11311807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research into laminopathic lipodystrophies-rare genetic disorders caused by mutations in the LMNA gene-has greatly expanded our knowledge of their complex pathology and metabolic implications. These disorders, including Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), Mandibuloacral Dysplasia (MAD), and Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (FPLD), serve as crucial models for studying accelerated aging and metabolic dysfunction, enhancing our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Research on laminopathies has highlighted how LMNA mutations disrupt adipose tissue function and metabolic regulation, leading to altered fat distribution and metabolic pathway dysfunctions. Such insights improve our understanding of the pathophysiological interactions between genetic anomalies and metabolic processes. This review merges current knowledge on the phenotypic classifications of these diseases and their associated metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis, and metabolic syndrome, all of which elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes. Additionally, a range of published therapeutic strategies, including gene editing, antisense oligonucleotides, and novel pharmacological interventions aimed at addressing defective adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism, will be explored. These therapies target the core dysfunctional lamin A protein, aiming to mitigate symptoms and provide a foundation for addressing similar metabolic and genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karima Djabali
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (P.K.); (R.H.)
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4
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Park SH, Baek SJ, Lee M, Shin HA, Lee HJ, Kim OK, Lee J. Extract mixture of plants (OXYLIA) inhibits fat accumulation by blocking FAS-related factors and promoting lipolysis via cAMP-dependent PKA activation. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10180. [PMID: 38571921 PMCID: PMC10989236 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is characterized by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, leading to the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in adipose tissue. Objective This study investigated the potential of Oxylia to prevent obesity in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Design C57BL/6J mice were fed with one of the following five diets - AIN93G normal diet (normal control), 60% (HFD; control), HFD containing metformin at 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) (Met; positive control), HFD containing Oxylia at 30 mg/kg b.w. (O30), or HFD containing Oxylia at 60 mg/kg b.w. (O60) - for 15 weeks. Results Mice under an HFD supplemented with Oxylia had decreased body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, and adipose tissue mass. In addition, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, and VLDL/LDL cholesterol levels were lower in the O60 groups than in the HFD-fed control group. Moreover, Oxylia supplementation decreased the expression of adipogenesis-related mRNAs and lipogenesis-related proteins while increasing the expression of lipolysis-related proteins in white adipose tissue and thermogenesis-related proteins in brown adipose tissue. Conclusions These findings suggest that Oxylia has potential as a functional food ingredient for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hoo Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Jung Baek
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Ok-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition and Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Bustraan S, Bennett J, Whilding C, Pennycook BR, Smith D, Barr AR, Read J, Carling D, Pollard A. AMP-activated protein kinase activation suppresses leptin expression independently of adipogenesis in primary murine adipocytes. Biochem J 2024; 481:345-362. [PMID: 38314646 PMCID: PMC11088909 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20240003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Adipogenesis, defined as the development of mature adipocytes from stem cell precursors, is vital for the expansion, turnover and health of adipose tissue. Loss of adipogenic potential in adipose stem cells, or impairment of adipogenesis is now recognised as an underlying cause of adipose tissue dysfunction and is associated with metabolic disease. In this study, we sought to determine the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an evolutionarily conserved master regulator of energy homeostasis, in adipogenesis. Primary murine adipose-derived stem cells were treated with a small molecule AMPK activator (BI-9774) during key phases of adipogenesis, to determine the effect of AMPK activation on adipocyte commitment, maturation and function. To determine the contribution of the repression of lipogenesis by AMPK in these processes, we compared the effect of pharmacological inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). We show that AMPK activation inhibits adipogenesis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Transient AMPK activation during adipogenic commitment leads to a significant, ACC-independent, repression of adipogenic transcription factor expression. Furthermore, we identify a striking, previously unexplored inhibition of leptin gene expression in response to both short-term and chronic AMPK activation irrespective of adipogenesis. These findings reveal that in addition to its effect on adipogenesis, AMPK activation switches off leptin gene expression in primary mouse adipocytes independently of adipogenesis. Our results identify leptin expression as a novel target of AMPK through mechanisms yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Bustraan
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | - Jane Bennett
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | - Chad Whilding
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | | | - David Smith
- Emerging Innovations Unit, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Alexis R. Barr
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | - Jon Read
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - David Carling
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, U.K
| | - Alice Pollard
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
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Adhikary P, Banerjee S, Dey BK, Gargari P, Chatterjee S, Chakraborty D, Chowdhury S. Association of adipocyte size and SREBP-1c in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrine 2024; 83:615-623. [PMID: 37733180 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-obese type 2 diabetes seems to be common in India; hence the current study tried to understand the pathogenesis of diabetes in this group focusing on the role of adipocytes especially abdominal fat compartment. Comparison was made between non-obese subjects with newly detected diabetes and those without diabetes, in relation to levels of adipogenic factor and adipokines in pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes respectively. RESEARCH DESIGN METHODS Non-obese subjects (BMI-18-25 Kg/m2) were consecutively selected of whom 15 had newly-detected, treatment naïve type 2 diabetes (HbA1% ≥6.5) while 25 were control (HbA1c% ≤5.6). We examined the expression of adipocyte differentiation factor - SREBP-1c from preadipocytes and adipocyte specific adipokines- HMW isoform and total adiponectin, leptin, FABP-4, TNF-α and IL-6 from adipocytesisolated from abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SCAT) by RT-PCR and as well as from serum by ELISA. Size of cultured adipocytes was measured in a fully automated imaging system microscope. RESULT Both in SCAT and VAT, SREBP-1c and adiponectin had significantly lower expression along with increased mRNA level of inflammatory adipokinesdiabetes.Average adipocyte size and frequency of large(hypertrophied) adipocytes were comparatively higher in T2DM subjects and had significant negative correlation with SREBP-1c. HMW adiponectin level significantly reduced in the secretion from VAT and SCAT of T2DM subjects compared to control. CONCLUSION Reduced expression of SREBP-1c in preadipocytes may lead to increased number of hypertrophied adipocytes in T2DM. Therefore, these dysfunctional hypertrophied adipocytes could cause imbalanced expression of insulin resistant and insulin sensitive adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieu Adhikary
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Sudipta Banerjee
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Bishal Kumar Dey
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Piyas Gargari
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Shamita Chatterjee
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Diya Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry, Ballygaunge Science College, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India.
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7
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Guo Y, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Cao J. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Milk Fat Synthesis in Cows and the Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Milk Fat Metabolism and Its Underlying Mechanism: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:204. [PMID: 38254373 PMCID: PMC10812695 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk fat synthesis in cows mainly includes the synthesis of short- and medium-chain fatty acids, the uptake, transport, and activation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), the synthesis of triglycerides, and the synthesis of the genes, transcription factors, and signaling pathways involved. Although the various stages of milk fat synthesis have been outlined in previous research, only partial processes have been revealed. CLA consists of an aggregation of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic fatty acid, and the accumulated evidence suggests that the two isomers of the active forms of CLA (cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid, abbreviated as c9, t11-CLA and t10, c12-CLA) can reduce the fat content in milk by regulating lipogenesis, fatty acid (FA) uptake, oxidation, and fat synthesis. However, the mechanism through which CLA inhibits milk fat synthesis is unique, with most studies focusing only on the effects of CLA on one of the genes, transcription factors, or signaling pathways involved. In this study, we summarized the structure and function of classic genes and pathways (mTOR, SREBP, AMPK, and PPARG) and new genes or pathways (THRSP, METTL3, ELOVL, and LPIN1) involved in each stage of milk fat synthesis and demonstrated the interactions between genes and pathways. We also examined the effects of other substances (melanin, nicotinic acid, SA, etc.). Furthermore, we evaluated the influence of β-sitosterol, sodium butyrate, Met arginine, and Camellia oleifera Abel on milk fat synthesis to improve the mechanism of milk fat synthesis in cows and provide a mechanistic reference for the use of CLA in inhibiting milk fat biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ziang Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.G.); (Z.W.)
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8
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Nakahara R, Aki S, Sugaya M, Hirose H, Kato M, Maeda K, Sakamoto DM, Kojima Y, Nishida M, Ando R, Muramatsu M, Pan M, Tsuchida R, Matsumura Y, Yanai H, Takano H, Yao R, Sando S, Shibuya M, Sakai J, Kodama T, Kidoya H, Shimamura T, Osawa T. Hypoxia activates SREBP2 through Golgi disassembly in bone marrow-derived monocytes for enhanced tumor growth. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114032. [PMID: 37781951 PMCID: PMC10646561 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) infiltrate hypoxic tumors at a pre-angiogenic state and differentiate into mature macrophages, thereby inducing pro-tumorigenic immunity. A critical factor regulating this differentiation is activation of SREBP2-a well-known transcription factor participating in tumorigenesis progression-through unknown cellular mechanisms. Here, we show that hypoxia-induced Golgi disassembly and Golgi-ER fusion in monocytic myeloid cells result in nuclear translocation and activation of SREBP2 in a SCAP-independent manner. Notably, hypoxia-induced SREBP2 activation was only observed in an immature lineage of bone marrow-derived cells. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed that SREBP2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis was upregulated in HSCs and monocytes but not in macrophages in the hypoxic bone marrow niche. Moreover, inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis impaired tumor growth through suppression of pro-tumorigenic immunity and angiogenesis. Thus, our findings indicate that Golgi-ER fusion regulates SREBP2-mediated metabolic alteration in lineage-specific BMDCs under hypoxia for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Nakahara
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCASTThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Sho Aki
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCASTThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Maki Sugaya
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCASTThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Haruka Hirose
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of MedicineNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Present address:
Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Medical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Miki Kato
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCASTThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCASTThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Daichi M Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Kojima
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of MedicineNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Miyuki Nishida
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCASTThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Ritsuko Ando
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCASTThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Masashi Muramatsu
- Division of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDAKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Melvin Pan
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCASTThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Rika Tsuchida
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCASTThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | | | - Hideyuki Yanai
- Department of Inflammology, RCASTThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Takano
- Department of Cell BiologyJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Ryoji Yao
- Department of Cell BiologyJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Masabumi Shibuya
- Institute of Physiology and MedicineJobu UniversityTakasakiJapan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, RCASTThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Division of Molecular Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCASTThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyasu Kidoya
- Department of Signal Transduction, RIMDOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Integrative Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of MedicineNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Present address:
Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Medical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Osawa
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCASTThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Liu M, Li C, Qu J, Sun S, Zhao Z, Wang W, Lv W, Zhang Y, Cai Y, Zhao F, Wu F, Zhang S, Zhao X. Baicalein enhances immune response in TNBC by inhibiting leptin expression of adipocytes. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:3834-3847. [PMID: 37489486 PMCID: PMC10551602 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special pathological type of breast cancer (BC) with poor prognosis. Obesity is shown to be involved in TNBC tumor progression. The interaction between obesity and BC has generated great attention in recent years, however, the mechanism is still unclear. Here, we showed that leptin secreted by adipocytes upregulated PD-L1 expression in TNBC through the p-STAT3 signaling pathway and that baicalein inhibited PD-L1 expression in tumor microenvironment by suppressing leptin transcription of adipocytes. Collectively, our findings suggest that leptin may be the key factor participating in obesity-related tumor progression and that baicalein can break through the dilemma to boost the anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chaofan Li
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jingkun Qu
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yifan Cai
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xixi Zhao
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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10
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Jeon YG, Kim YY, Lee G, Kim JB. Physiological and pathological roles of lipogenesis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:735-759. [PMID: 37142787 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential metabolites, which function as energy sources, structural components and signalling mediators. Most cells are able to convert carbohydrates into fatty acids, which are often converted into neutral lipids for storage in the form of lipid droplets. Accumulating evidence suggests that lipogenesis plays a crucial role not only in metabolic tissues for systemic energy homoeostasis but also in immune and nervous systems for their proliferation, differentiation and even pathophysiological roles. Thus, excessive or insufficient lipogenesis is closely associated with aberrations in lipid homoeostasis, potentially leading to pathological consequences, such as dyslipidaemia, diabetes, fatty liver, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. For systemic energy homoeostasis, multiple enzymes involved in lipogenesis are tightly controlled by transcriptional and post-translational modifications. In this Review, we discuss recent findings regarding the regulatory mechanisms, physiological roles and pathological importance of lipogenesis in multiple tissues such as adipose tissue and the liver, as well as the immune and nervous systems. Furthermore, we briefly introduce the therapeutic implications of lipogenesis modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gung Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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11
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Shinde AB, Nunn ER, Wilson GA, Chvasta MT, Pinette JA, Myers JW, Peck SH, Spinelli JB, Zaganjor E. Inhibition of nucleotide biosynthesis disrupts lipid accumulation and adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104635. [PMID: 36963490 PMCID: PMC10149209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy balance and nutrient availability are key determinants of cellular decisions to remain quiescent, proliferate or differentiate into a mature cell. After assessing its environmental state, the cell must rewire its metabolism to support distinct cellular outcomes. Mechanistically, how metabolites regulate cell fate decisions is poorly understood. We used adipogenesis as our model system to ascertain the role of metabolism in differentiation. We isolated adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and profiled metabolites before and after adipogenic differentiation to identify metabolic signatures associated with these distinct cellular states. We found that differentiation alters nucleotide accumulation. Furthermore, inhibition of nucleotide biosynthesis prevented lipid storage within adipocytes and downregulated the expression of lipogenic factors. In contrast to proliferating cells, in which mTORC1 is activated by purine accumulation, mTORC1 signaling was unaffected by purine levels in differentiating adipocytes. Rather, our data indicated that purines regulate transcriptional activators of adipogenesis, PPARγ and C/EBPα to promote differentiation. Although de novo nucleotide biosynthesis has mainly been studied in proliferation, our study points to its requirement in adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit B Shinde
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Nunn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Genesis A Wilson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mathew T Chvasta
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julia A Pinette
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jacob W Myers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sun H Peck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jessica B Spinelli
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Diabetes Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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12
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Kersten S. The impact of fasting on adipose tissue metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159262. [PMID: 36521736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fasting and starvation were common occurrences during human evolution and accordingly have been an important environmental factor shaping human energy metabolism. Humans can tolerate fasting reasonably well through adaptative and well-orchestrated time-dependent changes in energy metabolism. Key features of the adaptive response to fasting are the breakdown of liver glycogen and muscle protein to produce glucose for the brain, as well as the gradual depletion of the fat stores, resulting in the release of glycerol and fatty acids into the bloodstream and the production of ketone bodies in the liver. In this paper, an overview is presented of our current understanding of the effects of fasting on adipose tissue metabolism. Fasting leads to reduced uptake of circulating triacylglycerols by adipocytes through inhibition of the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme lipoprotein lipase. In addition, fasting stimulates the degradation of stored triacylglycerols by activating the key enzyme adipose triglyceride lipase. The mechanisms underlying these events are discussed, with a special interest in insights gained from studies on humans. Furthermore, an overview is presented of the effects of fasting on other metabolic pathways in the adipose tissue, including fatty acid synthesis, glucose uptake, glyceroneogenesis, autophagy, and the endocrine function of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, the Netherlands.
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yu L, Chen K, Xie Y, Liu Y, Liang W, Zheng Y, Zhan Y, Ding Y. The interplay of transcriptional coregulator NUPR1 with SREBP1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via upregulation of lipogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:431. [PMID: 36307402 PMCID: PMC9616853 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) is a transcriptional coregulator that has been implicated in the development of various cancer types. In addition, de novo fatty acid synthesis plays a pivotal role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, little is currently known on the role of NUPR1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, bioinformatics analysis was conducted to analyze the expression level, prognosis value and enriched pathways of NUPR1 in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC). We found that NUPR1 was significantly upregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells compared with normal hepatocytes from LIHC patients in TCGA cohorts and our patients. Kaplan–Meier analysis and COX proportional hazard progression model showed that high expression of NUPR1 was correlated with a poor prognosis of LIHC patients. CCK-8, EdU and colony formation assays were performed to explore the effect of NUPR1 on the proliferation of HCC cells, then wound healing and transwell migration assays were performed to evaluate the effects of NUPR1 on cell migration. Furthermore, subcutaneous xenograft models were established to study tumor growth. Results showed that NUPR1 overexpression correlated with a highly proliferative and aggressive phenotype. In addition, NUPR1 knockdown significantly inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and migration in vitro and hindered tumorigenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, endogenous NUPR1 could interact with sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and upregulated lipogenic gene expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), resulting in the accumulation of lipid content. Moreover, pharmacological or genetic blockade of the NUPR1-SREBP1/FASN pathway enhanced anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. Overall, we identified a novel function of NUPR1 in regulating hepatocellular carcinoma progression via modulation of SREBP1-mediated de novo lipogenesis. Targeting NUPR1-SREBP1/FASN pathway may be a therapeutic alternative for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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14
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Xu S, Ye B, Li J, Dou Y, Yu Y, Feng Y, Wang L, Wan DCC, Rong X. Astragalus mongholicus powder, a traditional Chinese medicine formula ameliorate type 2 diabetes by regulating adipoinsular axis in diabetic mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:973927. [PMID: 36046814 PMCID: PMC9420938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.973927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global morbidity of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has dramatically increased. Insulin resistance is the most important pathogenesis and therapeutic target of T2DM. The traditional Chinese medicine formula Astragalus mongholicus powder (APF), consists of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae], Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. [Fabaceae], and Morus alba L. [Moraceae] has a long history to be used to treat diabetes in ancient China. This work aims to investigate the effects of APF on diabetic mice and its underlying mechanism. Diabetic mice were induced by High-fat-diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). The body weight of mice and their plasma levels of glucose, insulin, leptin and lipids were examined. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, histology, and Western blot analysis were performed to validate the effects of APF on diabetic mice and investigate the underlying mechanism. APF reduced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyerleptinemia and attenuate the progression of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, these effects disappeared in leptin deficient ob/ob diabetic mice and STZ-induced insulin deficient type 1 diabetic mice. Destruction of either these hormones would abolish the therapeutic effects of APF. In addition, APF inhibited the protein expression of PTP1B suppressing insulin–leptin sensitivity, the gluconeogenic gene PEPCK, and the adipogenic gene FAS. Therefore, insulin–leptin sensitivity was normalized, and the gluconeogenic and adipogenic genes were suppressed. In conclusion, APF attenuated obesity, NAFLD, and T2DM by regulating the balance of adipoinsular axis in STZ + HFD induced T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bixian Ye
- Department of Nursing, Medical College of Jiaying University, Meizhou, China
| | - Jinlei Li
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Dou
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Chi-Cheong Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xianglu Rong,
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15
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Lee G, Kim YY, Jang H, Han JS, Nahmgoong H, Park YJ, Han SM, Cho C, Lim S, Noh JR, Oh WK, Lee CH, Kim S, Kim JB. SREBP1c-PARP1 axis tunes anti-senescence activity of adipocytes and ameliorates metabolic imbalance in obesity. Cell Metab 2022; 34:702-718.e5. [PMID: 35417665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the accretion of senescent cells is linked to metabolic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms and metabolic consequences of cellular senescence in obesity remain obscure. In this study, we found that obese adipocytes are senescence-susceptible cells accompanied with genome instability. Additionally, we discovered that SREBP1c may play a key role in genome stability and senescence in adipocytes by modulating DNA-damage responses. Unexpectedly, SREBP1c interacted with PARP1 and potentiated PARP1 activity during DNA repair, independent of its canonical lipogenic function. The genetic depletion of SREBP1c accelerated adipocyte senescence, leading to immune cell recruitment into obese adipose tissue. These deleterious effects provoked unhealthy adipose tissue remodeling and insulin resistance in obesity. In contrast, the elimination of senescent adipocytes alleviated adipose tissue inflammation and improved insulin resistance. These findings revealed distinctive roles of SREBP1c-PARP1 axis in the regulation of adipocyte senescence and will help decipher the metabolic significance of senescence in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gung Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hagoon Jang
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ji Seul Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Park
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Mun Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Changyun Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sangsoo Lim
- Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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16
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Lee HS, Jeon YE, Jung JI, Kim SM, Hong SH, Lee J, Hwang JS, Hwang MO, Kwon K, Kim EJ. Anti-obesity effect of Cydonia oblonga Miller extract in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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17
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Crocetin exerts hypocholesterolemic effect by inducing LDLR and inhibiting PCSK9 and Sortilin in HepG2 cells. Nutr Res 2022; 98:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Takeuchi Y, Yahagi N, Aita Y, Mehrazad-Saber Z, Ho MH, Huyan Y, Murayama Y, Shikama A, Masuda Y, Izumida Y, Miyamoto T, Matsuzaka T, Kawakami Y, Shimano H. FoxO-KLF15 pathway switches the flow of macronutrients under the control of insulin. iScience 2021; 24:103446. [PMID: 34988390 PMCID: PMC8710527 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KLF15 is a transcription factor that plays an important role in the activation of gluconeogenesis from amino acids as well as the suppression of lipogenesis from glucose. Here we identified the transcription start site of liver-specific KLF15 transcript and showed that FoxO1/3 transcriptionally regulates Klf15 gene expression by directly binding to the liver-specific Klf15 promoter. To achieve this, we performed a precise in vivo promoter analysis combined with the genome-wide transcription-factor-screening method "TFEL scan", using our original Transcription Factor Expression Library (TFEL), which covers nearly all the transcription factors in the mouse genome. Hepatic Klf15 expression is significantly increased via FoxOs by attenuating insulin signaling. Furthermore, FoxOs elevate the expression levels of amino acid catabolic enzymes and suppress SREBP-1c via KLF15, resulting in accelerated amino acid breakdown and suppressed lipogenesis during fasting. Thus, the FoxO-KLF15 pathway contributes to switching the macronutrient flow in the liver under the control of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Takeuchi
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aita
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Zahra Mehrazad-Saber
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Man Hei Ho
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yiren Huyan
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Murayama
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akito Shikama
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yukari Masuda
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Izumida
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawakami
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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19
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Rai C, Nandini CD, Priyadarshini P. Composition and structure elucidation of bovine milk glycosaminoglycans and their anti-adipogenic activity via modulation PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:137-144. [PMID: 34688682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The structure function relation of Glycosaminoglycans from bovine milk (bmGAGs) has not been studied in detail. In the present study bmGAGs was isolated and structurally characterized. Chondroitin sulphate was one of the major GAGs present and had 65% of ΔDi-diSB (GlcA(2S)-GalNAc(4S)), followed by 18% of ΔDi-4S(Δ4,5HexUAα1 → 3GalNAc). Further, bmGAGs exhibited a marked anti-adipogenic effect in 3 T3-L1 cells without affecting cell viability at the concentration used. The triglyceride content treated with bmGAGs was significantly decreased as assessed by Oil-Red O staining. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPα) the critical transcription factors in adipogenesis showed significant decrease in both gene and protein levels. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) that promotes the adipocyte differentiation by enhancing the activity of PPAR-γ was inversely affected by bmGAGs and the fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression was modulated. Thus, the present work is among the firsts to demonstrate an anti-adipogenic activity of bmGAGs by modulating the adipogenesis-related marker proteins and hence bmGAGs may be used as a supplement/therapeutic in the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Rai
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - C D Nandini
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Poornima Priyadarshini
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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20
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Roles of IκB kinases and TANK-binding kinase 1 in hepatic lipid metabolism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1697-1705. [PMID: 34848839 PMCID: PMC8639992 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and is strongly associated with obesity-related ectopic fat accumulation in the liver. Hepatic lipid accumulation encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Given that dysregulated hepatic lipid metabolism may be an onset factor in NAFLD, understanding how hepatic lipid metabolism is modulated in healthy subjects and which steps are dysregulated in NAFLD subjects is crucial to identify effective therapeutic targets. Additionally, hepatic inflammation is involved in chronic hepatocyte damage during NAFLD progression. As a key immune signaling hub that mediates NF-κB activation, the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, including IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ (NEMO), has been studied as a crucial regulator of the hepatic inflammatory response and hepatocyte survival. Notably, TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), an IKK-related kinase, has recently been revealed as a potential link between hepatic inflammation and energy metabolism. Here, we review (1) the biochemical steps of hepatic lipid metabolism; (2) dysregulated lipid metabolism in obesity and NAFLD; and (3) the roles of IKKs and TBK1 in obesity and NAFLD.
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21
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Sellers J, Brooks A, Fernando S, Westenberger G, Junkins S, Smith S, Min K, Lawan A. Fasting-Induced Upregulation of MKP-1 Modulates the Hepatic Response to Feeding. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113941. [PMID: 34836195 PMCID: PMC8619756 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a key role in whole-body, glucose and lipid homeostasis. Nutritional signals in response to fasting and refeeding regulate hepatic lipid synthesis. It is established that activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in response to overnutrition regulates MAPK-dependent pathways that control lipid metabolism in the liver. However, the regulatory mechanisms and the impact of the actions of MKP-1 in hepatic response to fasting remains unclear. We investigated the effect of fasting on the expression of MKP-1 and the impact on hepatic response to feeding. In this study, we demonstrate that fasting stress induced upregulation of hepatic MKP-1 protein levels with a corresponding downregulation of p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation in mouse livers. We found that MKP-1-deficient livers are resistant to fasting-induced hepatic steatosis. Hepatic MKP-1 deficiency impaired fasting-induced changes in the levels of key transcription factors involved in the regulation of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism including Srebf2 and Srebf1c. Mechanistically, MKP-1 negatively regulates Srebf2 expression by attenuating p38 MAPK pathway, suggesting its contribution to the metabolic effects of MKP-1 deficiency in the fasting liver. These findings support the hypothesis that upregulation of MKP-1 is a physiological relevant response and might be beneficial in hepatic lipid utilization during fasting in the liver. Collectively, these data unravel some of the complexity and tissue specific interaction of MKP-1 action in response to changes in nutritional cues, including fasting and excess nutrients
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sellers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (J.S.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (G.W.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Abigail Brooks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (J.S.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (G.W.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Savanie Fernando
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (J.S.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (G.W.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Gabrielle Westenberger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (J.S.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (G.W.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Sadie Junkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (J.S.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (G.W.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Shauri Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (J.S.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (G.W.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Kisuk Min
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA;
| | - Ahmed Lawan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (J.S.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (G.W.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-256-824-6264
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22
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Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of cellular insulin action have been the focus of much investigation since the discovery of the hormone 100 years ago. Insulin action is impaired in metabolic syndrome, a condition known as insulin resistance. The actions of the hormone are initiated by binding to its receptor on the surface of target cells. The receptor is an α2β2 heterodimer that binds to insulin with high affinity, resulting in the activation of its tyrosine kinase activity. Once activated, the receptor can phosphorylate a number of intracellular substrates that initiate discrete signaling pathways. The tyrosine phosphorylation of some substrates activates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), which produces polyphosphoinositides that interact with protein kinases, leading to activation of the kinase Akt. Phosphorylation of Shc leads to activation of the Ras/MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylation of SH2B2 and of Cbl initiates activation of G proteins such as TC10. Activation of Akt and other protein kinases produces phosphorylation of a variety of substrates, including transcription factors, GTPase-activating proteins, and other kinases that control key metabolic events. Among the cellular processes controlled by insulin are vesicle trafficking, activities of metabolic enzymes, transcriptional factors, and degradation of insulin itself. Together these complex processes are coordinated to ensure glucose homeostasis.
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23
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Jiang Z, Zhao M, Voilquin L, Jung Y, Aikio MA, Sahai T, Dou FY, Roche AM, Carcamo-Orive I, Knowles JW, Wabitsch M, Appel EA, Maikawa CL, Camporez JP, Shulman GI, Tsai L, Rosen ED, Gardner CD, Spiegelman BM, Svensson KJ. Isthmin-1 is an adipokine that promotes glucose uptake and improves glucose tolerance and hepatic steatosis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1836-1852.e11. [PMID: 34348115 PMCID: PMC8429235 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease, there is still an unmet need to better treat hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Here, we identify isthmin-1 (Ism1) as an adipokine and one that has a dual role in increasing adipose glucose uptake while suppressing hepatic lipid synthesis. Ism1 ablation results in impaired glucose tolerance, reduced adipose glucose uptake, and reduced insulin sensitivity, demonstrating an endogenous function for Ism1 in glucose regulation. Mechanistically, Ism1 activates a PI3K-AKT signaling pathway independently of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors. Notably, while the glucoregulatory function is shared with insulin, Ism1 counteracts lipid accumulation in the liver by switching hepatocytes from a lipogenic to a protein synthesis state. Furthermore, therapeutic dosing of recombinant Ism1 improves diabetes in diet-induced obese mice and ameliorates hepatic steatosis in a diet-induced fatty liver mouse model. These findings uncover an unexpected, bioactive protein hormone that might have simultaneous therapeutic potential for diabetes and fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laetitia Voilquin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yunshin Jung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mari A Aikio
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tanushi Sahai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Florence Y Dou
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander M Roche
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eric A Appel
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caitlin L Maikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joao Paulo Camporez
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Linus Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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24
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Berg M, Polyzos KA, Agardh H, Baumgartner R, Forteza MJ, Kareinen I, Gisterå A, Bottcher G, Hurt-Camejo E, Hansson GK, Ketelhuth DFJ. 3-Hydroxyanthralinic acid metabolism controls the hepatic SREBP/lipoprotein axis, inhibits inflammasome activation in macrophages, and decreases atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1948-1957. [PMID: 31589306 PMCID: PMC7519886 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving immunological and metabolic processes. Metabolism of tryptophan (Trp) via the kynurenine pathway has shown immunomodulatory properties and the ability to modulate atherosclerosis. We identified 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) as a key metabolite of Trp modulating vascular inflammation and lipid metabolism. The molecular mechanisms driven by 3-HAA in atherosclerosis have not been completely elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether two major signalling pathways, activation of SREBPs and inflammasome, are associated with the 3-HAA-dependent regulation of lipoprotein synthesis and inflammation in the atherogenesis process. Moreover, we examined whether inhibition of endogenous 3-HAA degradation affects hyperlipidaemia and plaque formation. Methods and results In vitro, we showed that 3-HAA reduces SREBP-2 expression and nuclear translocation and apolipoprotein B secretion in HepG2 cell cultures, and inhibits inflammasome activation and IL-1β production by macrophages. Using Ldlr−/− mice, we showed that inhibition of 3-HAA 3,4-dioxygenase (HAAO), which increases the endogenous levels of 3-HAA, decreases plasma lipids and atherosclerosis. Notably, HAAO inhibition led to decreased hepatic SREBP-2 mRNA levels and lipid accumulation, and improved liver pathology scores. Conclusions We show that the activity of SREBP-2 and the inflammasome can be regulated by 3-HAA metabolism. Moreover, our study highlights that targeting HAAO is a promising strategy to prevent and treat hypercholesterolaemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Berg
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos A Polyzos
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Agardh
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Baumgartner
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria J Forteza
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilona Kareinen
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Bottcher
- Pathology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, SE-43189 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Hurt-Camejo
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, SE-43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Kim NY, Thomas SS, Hwang DI, Lee JH, Kim KA, Cha YS. Anti-Obesity Effects of Morus alba L. and Aronia melanocarpa in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mouse Model. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081914. [PMID: 34441691 PMCID: PMC8391742 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the synergic effect of extracts of Morus alba (MA) and Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) (AR) against high-fat diet induced obesity. Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups that were fed for 14 weeks with a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HD), HD with M. alba 400 mg/kg body weight (MA), HD with A. melanocarpa 400 mg/kg body weight (AR), or HD with a mixture (1:1, v/v) of M. alba and A. melanocarpa (400 mg/kg) (MA + AR). Treatment with MA, AR, and MA + AR for 14 weeks reduced high fat diet-induced weight gain and improved serum lipid levels, and histological analysis revealed that MA and AR treatment markedly decreased lipid accumulation in the liver and adipocyte size in epididymal fat. Furthermore, micro-CT images showed MA + AR significantly reduced abdominal fat volume. Expression levels of genes involved in lipid anabolism, such as SREBP-1c, PPAR-γ, CEBPα, FAS, and CD36 were decreased by MA + AR treatment whereas PPAR-α, ACOX1, and CPT-1a levels were increased by MA + AR treatment. Protein expression of p-AMPK and p-ACC were increased in the MA + AR group, indicating that MA + AR ameliorated obesity by upregulating AMPK signaling. Together, our findings indicate that MA and AR exert a synergistic effect against diet-induced obesity and are promising agents for managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition & Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Shalom Sara Thomas
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 02204, USA;
| | - Dae-Il Hwang
- Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun 55442, Korea; (D.-I.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun 55442, Korea; (D.-I.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Kyung-Ah Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition & Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3822
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26
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Park G, Jung S, Wellen KE, Jang C. The interaction between the gut microbiota and dietary carbohydrates in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:809-822. [PMID: 34017059 PMCID: PMC8178320 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalance between fat production and consumption causes various metabolic disorders. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one such pathology, is characterized by abnormally increased fat synthesis and subsequent fat accumulation in hepatocytes1,2. While often comorbid with obesity and insulin resistance, this disease can also be found in lean individuals, suggesting specific metabolic dysfunction2. NAFLD has become one of the most prevalent liver diseases in adults worldwide, but its incidence in both children and adolescents has also markedly increased in developed nations3,4. Progression of this disease into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma in combination with its widespread incidence thus makes NAFLD and its related pathologies a significant public health concern. Here, we review our understanding of the roles of dietary carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, and fibers) and the gut microbiota, which provides essential carbon sources for hepatic fat synthesis during the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Park
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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27
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Iron aggravates hepatic insulin resistance in the absence of inflammation in a novel db/db mouse model with iron overload. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101235. [PMID: 33872860 PMCID: PMC8131719 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular pathogenesis of late complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not yet fully understood. While high glucose levels indicated by increased HbA1c only poorly explain disease progression and late complications, a pro-inflammatory status, oxidative stress, and reactive metabolites generated by metabolic processes were postulated to be involved. Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) frequently progress to T2DM, whereby 70% of patients with T2DM show non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of MetS, and insulin resistance (IR). Epidemiological studies have shown that T2DM and steatosis are associated with alterations in iron metabolism and hepatic iron accumulation. Excess free iron triggers oxidative stress and a switch towards a macrophage pro-inflammatory status. However, so far it remains unclear whether hepatic iron accumulation plays a causative role in the generation of IR and T2DM or whether it is merely a manifestation of altered hepatic metabolism. To address this open question, we generated and characterized a mouse model of T2DM with IR, steatosis, and iron overload. METHODS Leprdb/db mice hallmarked by T2DM, IR and steatosis were crossed with Fpnwt/C326S mice with systemic iron overload to generate Leprdb/db/Fpnwt/C326S mice. The resulting progeny was characterized for major diabetic and iron-related parameters. RESULTS We demonstrated that features associated with T2DM in Leprdb/db mice, such as obesity, steatosis, or IR, reduce the degree of tissue iron overload in Fpnwt/C326S mice, suggesting an 'iron resistance' phenotype. Conversely, we observed increased serum iron levels that strongly exceeded those in the iron-overloaded Fpnwt/C326S mice. Increased hepatic iron levels induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and aggravated IR, as indicated by diminished IRS1 phosphorylation and AKT activation. Additionally, in the liver, we observed gene response patterns indicative of de novo lipogenesis and increased gluconeogenesis as well as elevated free glucose levels. Finally, we showed that iron overload in Leprdb/db/Fpnwt/C326S mice enhances microvascular complications observed in retinopathy, suggesting that iron accumulation can enhance diabetic late complications associated with the liver and the eye. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data show that iron causes the worsening of symptoms associated with the MetS and T2DM. These findings imply that iron depletion strategies together with anti-diabetic drugs may ameliorate IR and diabetic late complications.
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28
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Weber DD, Thapa M, Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Redtenbacher AS, Catalano L, Feichtinger RG, Koelblinger P, Dallmann G, Emberger M, Kofler B, Lang R. Targeted Metabolomics Identifies Plasma Biomarkers in Mice with Metabolically Heterogeneous Melanoma Xenografts. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:434. [PMID: 33498757 PMCID: PMC7865782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas are genetically and metabolically heterogeneous, which influences therapeutic efficacy and contributes to the development of treatment resistance in patients with metastatic disease. Metabolite phenotyping helps to better understand complex metabolic diseases, such as melanoma, and facilitates the development of novel therapies. Our aim was to characterize the tumor and plasma metabolomes of mice bearing genetically different melanoma xenografts. We engrafted the human melanoma cell lines A375 (BRAF mutant), WM47 (BRAF mutant), WM3000 (NRAS mutant), and WM3311 (BRAF, NRAS, NF1 triple-wildtype) and performed a broad-spectrum targeted metabolomics analysis of tumor and plasma samples obtained from melanoma-bearing mice as well as plasma samples from healthy control mice. Differences in ceramide and phosphatidylcholine species were observed between melanoma subtypes irrespective of the genetic driver mutation. Furthermore, beta-alanine metabolism differed between melanoma subtypes and was significantly enriched in plasma from melanoma-bearing mice compared to healthy mice. Moreover, we identified beta-alanine, p-cresol sulfate, sarcosine, tiglylcarnitine, two dihexosylceramides, and one phosphatidylcholine as potential melanoma biomarkers in plasma. The present data reflect the metabolic heterogeneity of melanomas but also suggest a diagnostic biomarker signature for melanoma screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D. Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.D.W.); (S.A.-G.); (A.-S.R.); (L.C.); (R.G.F.)
| | - Maheshwor Thapa
- BIOCRATES Life Sciences AG, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.D.W.); (S.A.-G.); (A.-S.R.); (L.C.); (R.G.F.)
| | - Anna-Sophia Redtenbacher
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.D.W.); (S.A.-G.); (A.-S.R.); (L.C.); (R.G.F.)
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.D.W.); (S.A.-G.); (A.-S.R.); (L.C.); (R.G.F.)
| | - René G. Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.D.W.); (S.A.-G.); (A.-S.R.); (L.C.); (R.G.F.)
| | - Peter Koelblinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Guido Dallmann
- BIOCRATES Life Sciences AG, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.T.); (G.D.)
| | | | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.D.W.); (S.A.-G.); (A.-S.R.); (L.C.); (R.G.F.)
| | - Roland Lang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
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29
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Dimitriadis GD, Maratou E, Kountouri A, Board M, Lambadiari V. Regulation of Postabsorptive and Postprandial Glucose Metabolism by Insulin-Dependent and Insulin-Independent Mechanisms: An Integrative Approach. Nutrients 2021; 13:E159. [PMID: 33419065 PMCID: PMC7825450 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose levels in blood must be constantly maintained within a tight physiological range to sustain anabolism. Insulin regulates glucose homeostasis via its effects on glucose production from the liver and kidneys and glucose disposal in peripheral tissues (mainly skeletal muscle). Blood levels of glucose are regulated simultaneously by insulin-mediated rates of glucose production from the liver (and kidneys) and removal from muscle; adipose tissue is a key partner in this scenario, providing nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) as an alternative fuel for skeletal muscle and liver when blood glucose levels are depleted. During sleep at night, the gradual development of insulin resistance, due to growth hormone and cortisol surges, ensures that blood glucose levels will be maintained within normal levels by: (a) switching from glucose to NEFA oxidation in muscle; (b) modulating glucose production from the liver/kidneys. After meals, several mechanisms (sequence/composition of meals, gastric emptying/intestinal glucose absorption, gastrointestinal hormones, hyperglycemia mass action effects, insulin/glucagon secretion/action, de novo lipogenesis and glucose disposal) operate in concert for optimal regulation of postprandial glucose fluctuations. The contribution of the liver in postprandial glucose homeostasis is critical. The liver is preferentially used to dispose over 50% of the ingested glucose and restrict the acute increases of glucose and insulin in the bloodstream after meals, thus protecting the circulation and tissues from the adverse effects of marked hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D. Dimitriadis
- Sector of Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Maratou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, “Attikon” University Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Chaidari, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Kountouri
- Research Institute and Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, “Attikon” University Hospital, 1 Rimini Street, 12542 Haidari, Greece; (A.K.); (V.L.)
| | - Mary Board
- St. Hilda’s College, University of Oxford, Cowley, Oxford OX4 1DY, UK;
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- Research Institute and Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, “Attikon” University Hospital, 1 Rimini Street, 12542 Haidari, Greece; (A.K.); (V.L.)
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30
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Shochat C, Wang Z, Mo C, Nelson S, Donaka R, Huang J, Karasik D, Brotto M. Deletion of SREBF1, a Functional Bone-Muscle Pleiotropic Gene, Alters Bone Density and Lipid Signaling in Zebrafish. Endocrinology 2021; 162:5929645. [PMID: 33068391 PMCID: PMC7745669 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Through a genome-wide analysis of bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle mass, identification of a signaling pattern on 17p11.2 recognized the presence of sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1 (SREBF1), a gene responsible for the regulation of lipid homeostasis. In conjunction with lipid-based metabolic functions, SREBF1 also codes for the protein, SREBP-1, a transcription factor known for its role in adipocyte differentiation. We conducted a quantitative correlational study. We established a zebrafish (ZF) SREBF1 knockout (KO) model and used a targeted customized lipidomics approach to analyze the extent of SREBF1 capabilities. For lipidomics profiling, we isolated the dorsal muscles of wild type (WT) and KO fishes, and we performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry screening assays of these samples. In our analysis, we profiled 48 lipid mediators (LMs) derived from various essential polyunsaturated fatty acids to determine potential targets regulated by SREBF1, and we found that the levels of 11,12 epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET) were negatively associated with the number of SREBF1 alleles (P = 0.006 for a linear model). We also compared gene expression between KO and WT ZF by genome-wide RNA-sequencing. Significantly enriched pathways included fatty acid elongation, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, adipocytokine signaling, and DNA replication. We discovered trends indicating that BMD in adult fish was significantly lower in the KO than in the WT population (P < 0.03). These studies reinforce the importance of lipidomics investigation by detailing how the KO of SREBF1 affects both BMD and lipid-signaling mediators, thus confirming the importance of SREBF1 for musculoskeletal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shochat
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington-UTA, Arlington, Texas
| | - Chenglin Mo
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington-UTA, Arlington, Texas
| | - Sarah Nelson
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington-UTA, Arlington, Texas
| | | | - Jian Huang
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington-UTA, Arlington, Texas
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Correspondence: David Karasik, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan university, Safed, 1311502, Israel. E-mail:
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington-UTA, Arlington, Texas
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31
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Effects of dietary carbohydrate sources on lipid metabolism and SUMOylation modification in the liver tissues of yellow catfish. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:1241-1250. [PMID: 32600495 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation in hepatic lipid synthesis by excess dietary carbohydrate intake is often relevant with the occurrence of fatty liver; therefore, the thorough understanding of the regulation of lipid deposition and metabolism seems crucial to search for potential regulatory targets. In the present study, we examined TAG accumulation, lipid metabolism-related gene expression, the enzyme activities of lipogenesis-related enzymes, the protein levels of transcription factors or genes involving lipogenesis in the livers of yellow catfish fed five dietary carbohydrate sources, such as glucose, maize starch, sucrose, potato starch and dextrin, respectively. Generally speaking, compared with other carbohydrate sources, dietary glucose promoted TAG accumulation, up-regulated lipogenic enzyme activities and gene expressions, and down-regulated mRNA expression of genes involved in lipolysis and small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) modification pathways. Further studies found that sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), a key transcriptional factor relevant to lipogenic regulation, was modified by SUMO1. Mutational analyses found two important sites for SUMOylation modification (K254R and K264R) in SREBP1. Mutant SREBP lacking lysine 264 up-regulated the transactivation capacity on an SREBP-responsive promoter. Glucose reduced the SUMOylation level of SREBP1 and promoted the protein expression of SREBP1 and its target gene stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), indicating that SUMOylation of SREBP1 mediated glucose-induced hepatic lipid metabolism. Our study elucidated the molecular mechanism of dietary glucose increasing hepatic lipid deposition and found that the SREBP-dependent transactivation was regulated by SUMO1 modification, which served as a new target for the transcriptional programmes governing lipid metabolism.
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Feng B, Zhu Y, Yan L, Yan H, Huang X, Jiang D, Li Z, Hua L, Zhuo Y, Fang Z, Che L, Lin Y, Xu S, Huang C, Zou Y, Li L, Wu D. Ursolic acid induces the production of IL6 and chemokines in both adipocytes and adipose tissue. Adipocyte 2020; 9:523-534. [PMID: 32876525 PMCID: PMC7714451 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1814545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation plays an important role in the regulation of glucose and lipids metabolism. It is unknown whether Ursolic acid (UA) could regulate adipose tissue inflammation, though it can regulate inflammation in many other tissues. In this study, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, DIO mice and lean mice were treated with UA or vehicle. Gene expression of inflammatory factors, chemokines and immune markers in adipocytes and adipose tissue, cytokines in cell culture medium and serum, and inflammation regulatory pathways in adipocytes were detected. Results showed that UA increased the expression of interleukins and chemokines, but not TNFα, in both adipocytes and adipose tissue. IL6 and MCP1 levels in the cell culture medium and mouse serum were induced by UA treatment. Cd14 expression level and number of CD14+ monocytes were higher in UA treated adipose tissue than those in the control group. Glucose tolerance test was impaired by UA treatment in DIO mice. Mechanistically, UA induced the expression of Tlr4 and the phosphorylation levels of ERK and NFκB in adipocytes. In conclusion, our study indicated that short-term UA administration could induce CD14+ monocytes infiltration by increasing the production of interleukins and chemokines in mouse adipose tissue, which might further impair glucose tolerance test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingguo Zhu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Yan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Gatticchi L, Petricciuolo M, Scarpelli P, Macchioni L, Corazzi L, Roberti R. Tm7sf2 gene promotes adipocyte differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and improves insulin sensitivity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118897. [PMID: 33121932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a finely orchestrated program involving a transcriptional cascade coordinated by CEBP and PPAR family members and by hormonally induced signaling pathways. Alterations in any of these factors result into impaired formation of fully differentiated adipocytes. Tm7sf2 gene encodes for a Δ(14)-sterol reductase primarily involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Furthermore, TM7SF2 modulates the expression of the master gene of adipogenesis PPARγ, suggesting a role in the regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis. We investigated the differentiation of Tm7sf2-/- MEFs into adipocytes, compared to Tm7sf2+/+ MEFs. Tm7sf2 expression was increased at late stage of differentiation in wild type cells, while Tm7sf2-/- MEFs exhibited a reduced capacity to differentiate into mature adipocytes. Indeed, Tm7sf2-/- MEFs had lower neutral lipid accumulation and reduced expression of adipogenic regulators. At early stage, the reduction in C/EBPβ expression impaired mitotic clonal expansion, which is needed by preadipocytes for adipogenesis induction. At late stage, the expression and activity of C/EBPα and PPARγ were inhibited in Tm7sf2-/- cells, leading to the reduced expression of adipocyte genes like Srebp-1c, Fasn, Scd-1, Adipoq, Fabp4, and Glut4. Loss of the acquisition of adipocyte phenotype was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of Irs1, and phosphorylated Akt and ERK1/2, indicating a blunted insulin signaling in differentiating Tm7sf2-/- cells. Moreover, throughout the differentiation process, increased expression of the antiadipogenic Mmp3 was observed in MEFs lacking Tm7sf2. These findings indicate Tm7sf2 as a novel factor influencing adipocyte differentiation that could be relevant to adipose tissue development and maintenance of metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Gatticchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maya Petricciuolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Scarpelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Macchioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lanfranco Corazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Rita Roberti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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The Molecular Mechanisms by Which Vitamin D Prevents Insulin Resistance and Associated Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186644. [PMID: 32932777 PMCID: PMC7554927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is very common in modern societies and is perceived as an important risk factor in the development of insulin resistance and related diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While it is generally accepted that vitamin D is a regulator of bone homeostasis, its ability to counteract insulin resistance is subject to debate. The goal of this communication is to review the molecular mechanism by which vitamin D reduces insulin resistance and related complications. The university library, PUBMED, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant studies to be summarized in this review article. Insulin resistance is accompanied by chronic hyperglycaemia and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D exhibits indirect antioxidative properties and participates in the maintenance of normal resting ROS level. Appealingly, vitamin D reduces inflammation and regulates Ca2+ level in many cell types. Therefore, the beneficial actions of vitamin D include diminished insulin resistance which is observed as an improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-sensitive tissues.
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Defour M, Michielsen CCJR, O'Donovan SD, Afman LA, Kersten S. Transcriptomic signature of fasting in human adipose tissue. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:451-467. [PMID: 32866087 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00083.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about gene regulation by fasting in human adipose tissue. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fasting on adipose tissue gene expression in humans. To that end, subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were collected from 11 volunteers 2 and 26 h after consumption of a standardized meal. For comparison, epididymal adipose tissue was collected from C57Bl/6J mice in the ab libitum-fed state and after a 16 h fast. The timing of sampling adipose tissue roughly corresponds with the near depletion of liver glycogen. Transcriptome analysis was carried out using Affymetrix microarrays. We found that, 1) fasting downregulated numerous metabolic pathways in human adipose tissue, including triglyceride and fatty acid synthesis, glycolysis and glycogen synthesis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial translation, and insulin signaling; 2) fasting downregulated genes involved in proteasomal degradation in human adipose tissue; 3) fasting had much less pronounced effects on the adipose tissue transcriptome in humans than mice; 4) although major overlap in fasting-induced gene regulation was observed between human and mouse adipose tissue, many genes were differentially regulated in the two species, including genes involved in insulin signaling (PRKAG2, PFKFB3), PPAR signaling (PPARG, ACSL1, HMGCS2, SLC22A5, ACOT1), glycogen metabolism (PCK1, PYGB), and lipid droplets (PLIN1, PNPLA2, CIDEA, CIDEC). In conclusion, although numerous genes and pathways are regulated similarly by fasting in human and mouse adipose tissue, many genes show very distinct responses to fasting in humans and mice. Our data provide a useful resource to study adipose tissue function during fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Defour
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte C J R Michielsen
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shauna D O'Donovan
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Hydes TJ, Ravi S, Loomba R, E Gray M. Evidence-based clinical advice for nutrition and dietary weight loss strategies for the management of NAFLD and NASH. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 26:383-400. [PMID: 32674529 PMCID: PMC7641567 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and affects approximately one third of adults in the United States. The disease is becoming a global epidemic as a result of the rising rates of obesity and metabolic disease. Emerging data suggest weight loss of ≥10% overall body weight is beneficial in resolving steatosis and reversing fibrosis. Prospective trials comparing various diets are limited by lack of sufficient power as well as pre- and post-treatment histopathology, and therefore no specific diet is recommended at this time. In this narrative review we examine the pathophysiology behind specific macronutrient components that can either promote or reverse NAFLD to help inform more specific dietary recommendations. Overall, the data supports reducing saturated fat, refined carbohydrates, and red and processed meats in the diet, and increasing the consumption of plant-based foods. Diets that incorporate these recommendations include plant-based diets such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Mediterranean, vegetarian, and vegan diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa J Hydes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sujan Ravi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Meagan E Gray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Smith LK, Arabi S, Lelliott EJ, McArthur GA, Sheppard KE. Obesity and the Impact on Cutaneous Melanoma: Friend or Foe? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061583. [PMID: 32549336 PMCID: PMC7352630 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight has been identified as a risk factor for many types of cancers, and for the majority of cancers, it is associated with poor outcomes. In contrast, there are cancers in which obesity is associated with favorable outcomes and this has been termed the “obesity paradox”. In melanoma, the connection between obesity and the increased incidence is not as strong as for other cancer types with some but not all studies showing an association. However, several recent studies have indicated that increased body mass index (BMI) improves survival outcomes in targeted and immune therapy treated melanoma patients. The mechanisms underlying how obesity leads to changes in therapeutic outcomes are not completely understood. This review discusses the current evidence implicating obesity in melanoma progression and patient response to targeted and immunotherapy, and discusses potential mechanisms underpinning these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorey K. Smith
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shaghayegh Arabi
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Emily J. Lelliott
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Grant A. McArthur
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Karen E. Sheppard
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Drizyte-Miller K, Chen J, Cao H, Schott MB, McNiven MA. The small GTPase Rab32 resides on lysosomes to regulate mTORC1 signaling. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs236661. [PMID: 32295849 PMCID: PMC7295596 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.236661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells, such as liver-resident hepatocytes, rely heavily on the Rab family of small GTPases to perform membrane trafficking events that dictate cell physiology and metabolism. Not surprisingly, disruption of several Rab proteins can manifest in metabolic diseases or cancer. Rab32 is expressed in many secretory epithelial cells but its role in cellular metabolism is virtually unknown. In this study, we find that Rab32 associates with lysosomes and regulates proliferation and cell size of Hep3B hepatoma and HeLa cells. Specifically, we identify that Rab32 supports the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling under basal and amino acid-stimulated conditions. Consistent with inhibited mTORC1, an increase in nuclear TFEB localization and lysosome biogenesis is also observed in Rab32-depleted cells. Finally, we find that Rab32 interacts with mTOR kinase, and that loss of Rab32 reduces the association of mTOR and mTORC1 pathway proteins with lysosomes, suggesting that Rab32 regulates lysosomal mTOR trafficking. In summary, these findings suggest that Rab32 functions as a novel regulator of cellular metabolism through supporting mTORC1 signaling.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Drizyte-Miller
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hong Cao
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Micah B Schott
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mark A McNiven
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Wang Y, Qian M, Qu Y, Yang N, Mu B, Liu K, Yang J, Zhou Y, Ni C, Zhong J, Guo X. Genome-Wide Screen of the Hippocampus in Aged Rats Identifies Mitochondria, Metabolism and Aging Processes Implicated in Sevoflurane Anesthesia. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:122. [PMID: 32457595 PMCID: PMC7221025 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown multiple mechanisms and pathophysiological changes after anesthesia, and genome-wide studies have been implemented in the studies of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the genome-wide gene expression patterns and modulation networks after general anesthesia remains to be elucidated. Therefore, whole transcriptome microarray analysis was used to explore the coding gene expression patterns in the hippocampus of aged rats after sevoflurane anesthesia. Six hundred and thirty one upregulated and 183 downregulated genes were screened out, then 44 enriched terms of biological process, 16 of molecular function and 18 of the cellular components were identified by Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis. Among them, oxidative stress, metabolism, aging, and neurodegeneration were the most enriched biological processes and changed functions. Thus, involved genes of these processes were selected for qPCR verification and a good consistency was confirmed. The potential signaling pathways were further constructed including mitochondrion and oxidative stress-related Hifs-Prkcd-Akt-Nfe2l2-Sod1 signaling, multiple metabolism signaling (Scd2, Scap-Hmgcs2, Aldh18a1-Glul and Igf1r), as well as aging and neurodegeneration related signaling (Spidr-Ercc4-Cdkn1a-Pmaip1 and Map1lc3b). These results provide potential therapeutic gene targets for brain function modulation and memory formation process after inhaled anesthesia in the elderly, which could be valuable for preventing postoperative brain disorders and diseases, such as perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), from the genetic level in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Mu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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40
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Cortés VA, Barrera F, Nervi F. Pathophysiological connections between gallstone disease, insulin resistance, and obesity. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12983. [PMID: 31814283 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and cholesterol gallstone disease (GSD) are frequently coexisting diseases; therefore and considering the current worldwide obesity epidemics, a precise understanding of the pathophysiological relationships between GSD and insulin resistance (IR) is important. Classically, obesity has been understood as a risk factor for GSD and the gallbladder (GB) viewed as a simple bile reservoir, with no metabolic roles whatsoever. However, consistent evidence has showed that both GSD and cholecystectomy associates with fatty liver and IR, raising the possibility that the GB is indeed an organ with metabolic regulatory roles. Herein, we review the pathophysiological mechanisms by which GSD, IR, and obesity are interconnected, with emphasis in the actions of the GB as a regulator of bile acids kinetics and a hormone secreting organ, with metabolic actions at the systemic level. We also examine the relationships between increased hepatic lipogenic in IR states and GSD pathogenesis. We propose a model in which GSD and hepatic IR mutually interact to determine a state of dysregulated lipid and energy metabolism that potentiate the metabolic dysregulation of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor A Cortés
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Barrera
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Nervi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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41
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Nagaraju R, Joshi A, Vamadeva S, Rajini PS. Effect of chronic exposure to monocrotophos on white adipose tissue in rats and its association with metabolic dyshomeostasis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1190-1199. [PMID: 32207356 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120913080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Earlier, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to monocrotophos (MCP) elicits insulin resistance in rats along with increased white adipose tissue (WAT) weights. This study was carried out to delineate the biochemical and molecular changes in adipose tissues of rats subjected to chronic exposure to MCP (0.9 and 1.8 mg/kg bw/d for 180 days). Pesticide-treated rats exhibited increased fasting glucose and hyperinsulinemia as well as dyslipidemia. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leptin levels were elevated, while adiponectin level was suppressed in plasma of treated rats. MCP treatment caused discernable increase in the weights of perirenal and epididymal WAT. Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lipin-1, and lipolytic activities were elevated in the WAT of MCP-treated rats. Corroborative changes were observed in the expression profile of proteins that are involved in lipogenesis and adipose tissue differentiation. Our results clearly demonstrate that long-term exposure to organophosphorus insecticides (OPIs) such as MCP has far-reaching consequences on metabolic health as evidenced by the association of adipogenic outcomes with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, endocrine dysregulations, and dyslipidemia. Taken together, our results suggest that long-term exposure to OPI may be a risk factor for metabolic dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagaraju
- Occupational Biochemistry, Regional occupational Health Centre (Southern), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Akr Joshi
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Vamadeva
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - P S Rajini
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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de Brito Monteiro L, Davanzo GG, de Aguiar CF, Corrêa da Silva F, Andrade JRD, Campos Codo A, Silva Pereira JAD, Freitas LPD, Moraes-Vieira PM. M-CSF- and L929-derived macrophages present distinct metabolic profiles with similar inflammatory outcomes. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151935. [PMID: 32201093 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential components of the immune system. Macrophages can be derived from the bone marrow of mice with either recombinant M-CSF or L929 supernatant. Recent literature considers recombinant M-CSF- and L929-derived macrophages as equals, even though L929-derived macrophages are exposed to other substances secreted in the L929 supernatant, and not only M-CSF. Thus, we decided to perform a comparative analysis of both inflammatory and metabolic profiles of macrophages differentiated under the aforementioned conditions, which is relevant for standardization and interpretation of in vitro studies. We observed that, when treated with LPS, L929macs secrete lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL12) and present higher glycolysis and oxygen consumption when compared with M-CSFmacs. L929macs also have increased mitochondrial mass, with higher percentage of dysfunctional mitochondria. This sort of information can help direct further studies towards a more specific approach for macrophage generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauar de Brito Monteiro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristhiane Fávero de Aguiar
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Corrêa da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Rodrigues de Andrade
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Campos Codo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Aparecida da Silva Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pimentel de Freitas
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Manoel Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Division of Metabolism, Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Li Y, Pang Y, Zhao Z, Xiang X, Mai K, Ai Q. Molecular Characterization, Nutritional and Insulin Regulation of Elovl6 in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020264. [PMID: 32050615 PMCID: PMC7072538 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 6 (Elovl6) is a crucial enzyme in the synthesis of endogenous fatty acids, which participates in the energy balance and metabolic diseases. The main objective of this study was to explore the molecular characterization of Elovl6 and the regulation of elovl6 expression in response to dietary fatty acids and insulin. In the present study, the ORF (open reading frame) of Elovl6 from rainbow trout was cloned and characterized, which showed a high identity (87%) with mammals and other teleost. The results of quantitative PCR showed that the transcriptional levels of elovl6 from rainbow trout that were fed diets containing soybean oil (enriched with 18:2n-6, linoleic acid (LA)) or linseed oil (enriched with 18:3n-3, α-linolenic acid (ALA)) were lower than those in the group that were fed diets containing fish oil (enriched with 20:5n-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 22:6n-3, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)). Correspondingly, mRNA expression of elovl6 in hepatocytes treated with DHA was dramatically higher than that in LA and ALA groups. The transcriptional expression of elovl6 in hepatocytes treated with insulin was also significantly increased. Moreover, the dual luciferase assay showed the transcription factor CREB1 dramatically up-regulated the promoter activity of elovl6, while FOXO1 significantly down-regulated the elovl6 promoter activity in rainbow trout. The differences in transcriptional expression of crbe1 and foxo1 may contribute to the increase or decrease of elovl6 expression in rainbow trout in response to fatty acids or insulin. These findings revealed the molecular characterization of elovl6 and the regulation of elovl6 expression by CREB1 and FOXO1 in rainbow trout in response to dietary fatty acids or insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (K.M.)
| | - Yuning Pang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (K.M.)
| | - Zengqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (K.M.)
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (K.M.)
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (K.M.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (Y.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (K.M.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0532-82031943
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Gioldasi S, Karvela A, Rojas-Gil AP, Rodi M, de Lastic AL, Thomas I, Spiliotis BE, Mouzaki A. Metabolic Association between Leptin and the Corticotropin Releasing Hormone. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:458-466. [PMID: 30727936 PMCID: PMC7360915 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190206165626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective In healthy individuals, leptin is produced from adipose tissue and is secreted into the circulation to communicate energy balance status to the brain and control fat metabolism. Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) is synthesized in the hypothalamus and regulates stress responses. Among the many adipokines and hormones that control fat metabolism, leptin and CRH both curb appetite and inhibit food intake. Despite numerous reports on leptin and CRH properties and function, little has been actually shown about their association in the adipose tissue environment. Methods In this article, we summarized the salient information on leptin and CRH in relation to metabolism. We also investigated the direct effect of recombinant CRH on leptin secretion by primary cultures of human adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue of 7 healthy children and adolescents, and measured CRH and leptin levels in plasma collected from peripheral blood of 24 healthy children and adolescents to assess whether a correlation exists between CRH and leptin levels in the periphery. Results and Conclusion The available data indicate that CRH exerts a role in the regulation of leptin in human adipocytes. We show that CRH downregulates leptin production by mature adipocytes and that a strong negative correlation exists between CRH and leptin levels in the periphery, and suggest the possible mechanisms of CRH control of leptin. Delineation of CRH control of leptin production by adipocytes may explain unknown pathogenic mechanisms linking stress and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gioldasi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Alexia Karvela
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Maria Rodi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anne-Lise de Lastic
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Iason Thomas
- Department of Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bessie E Spiliotis
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Yu H, Liang H, Ren M, Ji K, Yang Q, Ge X, Xi B, Pan L. Effects of dietary fenugreek seed extracts on growth performance, plasma biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, Nrf2 antioxidant capacity and immune response of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:211-219. [PMID: 31499200 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary administration of some plant-derived substances have been proved of great economic value in aquaculture. In order to investigate the effects of dietary fenugreek seed extracts (FSE) on juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), a feeding trial was conducted for 8 weeks. The results showed that final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were not significantly affected by dietary FSE levels. The whole body lipid contents of fish fed with 0.04%, 0.08% and 0.16% FSE diets were significantly lowered compared to the control group. Dietary FSE diets significantly affected plasma complement component 3 (C3), immunoglobulin M (IgM), albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP). The relative expressions of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1) mRNA in the liver of fish decreased significantly with increasing dietary FSE levels from 0% up to 0.04%. FSE supplementation diets lowered the liver pro-inflammatory genes expressions by regulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) mRNA levels and increased anti-inflammatory genes expression by regulating transforming growth factor (TGF-β) and interleukin 10 (IL-10). FSE diets increased growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and target of rapamycin (TOR) mRNA levels from 0% up to 0.04%, 0.04% FSE diets significantly increased growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA levels and S6 kinase-polypeptide 1 (S6K1) mRNA levels compared to the control group. 0.04% FSE diets significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and 0.08% FSE diets significantly increased catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, 0.16% FSE diets significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities compared to the control group. Additionally, compared to the control group, 0.04% dietary FSE significantly up-regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA levels and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) mRNA levels, at the same time, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, 0.16% FSE diets significantly down-regulated kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA levels. However, no significant effects were observed on copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). Our study indicated that dietary FSE could improve plasma biochemical parameters, regulate lipid metabolism related genes, promote Nrf2 antioxidant capacity and enhance immune response of juvenile blunt snout bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Hualiang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Ke Ji
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Jiangsu Tianshen Co., Ltd, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Bingwen Xi
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
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Lee HS, Lim SM, Jung JI, Kim SM, Lee JK, Kim YH, Cha KM, Oh TK, Moon JM, Kim TY, Kim EJ. Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Extract Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6N Mice by Upregulating SIRT1. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102475. [PMID: 31618980 PMCID: PMC6835433 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum is widely used in Asia as a herbal medicine to treat type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Here, we investigated the anti-obesity effect and underlying mechanism of G. pentaphyllum extract (GPE) enriched in gypenoside L, gypenoside LI, and ginsenoside Rg3 and obtained using a novel extraction method. Five-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were fed a control diet (CD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day GPE (GPE 100), HFD + 300 mg/kg BW/day GPE (GPE 300), or HFD + 30 mg/kg BW/day Orlistat (Orlistat 30) for 8 weeks. The HFD-fed mice showed significant increases in body weight, fat mass, white adipose tissue, and adipocyte hypertrophy compared to the CD group; but GPE inhibited those increases. GPE reduced serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, without affecting HDL-cholesterol. GPE significantly increased AMPK activation and suppressed adipogenesis by decreasing the mRNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), PPARγ coactivator-1α, fatty acid synthase (FAS), adipocyte protein 2 (AP2), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and by increasing that of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) and hormone- sensitive lipase (HSL). This study demonstrated the ameliorative effect of GPE on obesity and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea.
| | - Su-Min Lim
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Jae In Jung
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - So Mi Kim
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Jae Kyoung Lee
- Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Yoon Hee Kim
- Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Kyu Min Cha
- Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Tae Kyu Oh
- Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Joo Myung Moon
- Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Tae Young Kim
- Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
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Abstract
Diabetes and obesity are the two notorious metabolic disorders in today's world. Both diabetes and obesity are interlinked with each other and often referred to as 'Diabesity'. It is a complex and multi-organ failure disorder. Thus, many researches and tremendous efforts have been made toward prevention, treatment as well as early detection of diabesity. However, and still, there is a large gap in understanding the etiology as well as treatment of diabesity. Various animal models are also used to decipher the mechanism underlying diabesity. Among all the model organism, recently Drosophila melanogaster is gaining its importance to study diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic disorder. Various experimental methods like histological, biochemical, developmental, and behavioral assays are described in this study to detect diabetes as well as obesity in the fly model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Nayak
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
| | - Monalisa Mishra
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
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Lim SM, Lee HS, Jung JI, Kim SM, Kim NY, Seo TS, Bae JS, Kim EJ. Cyanidin-3- O-galactoside-enriched Aronia m elanocarpa extract attenuates weight gain and adipogenic pathways in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051190. [PMID: 31137884 PMCID: PMC6566507 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aronia melanocarpa are a rich source of anthocyanins that have received considerable interest for their relations to human health. In this study, the anti-adipogenic effect of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside-enriched Aronia melanocarpa extract (AM-Ex) and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in an in vivo system. Five-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into five groups for 8-week feeding with a control diet (CD), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a HFD with 50 (AM-Ex 50), 100 (AM-Ex 100), or 200 AM-Ex (AM-Ex 200) mg/kg body weight/day. HFD-fed mice showed a significant increase in body weight compared to the CD group, and AM-Ex dose-dependently inhibited this weight gain. AM-Ex significantly reduced the food intake and the weight of white fat tissue, including epididymal fat, retroperitoneal fat, mesenteric fat, and inguinal fat. Treatment with AM-Ex (50 to 200 mg/kg) reduced serum levels of leptin, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that AM-Ex suppressed adipogenesis by decreasing CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, ATP-citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, and adipocyte protein 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions. These results suggest that AM-Ex is potentially beneficial for the suppression of HFD-induced obesity by modulating multiple pathways associated with adipogenesis and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Lim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea.
| | - Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea.
| | - Jae In Jung
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea.
| | - So Mi Kim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea.
| | - Nam Young Kim
- R&D center, Wellfine Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24232, Korea.
| | - Tae Su Seo
- R&D center, Wellfine Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24232, Korea.
| | - Jung-Shik Bae
- R&D center, Wellfine Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24232, Korea.
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea.
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Soya protein β-conglycinin ameliorates fatty liver and obesity in diet-induced obese mice through the down-regulation of PPARγ. Br J Nutr 2019; 119:1220-1232. [PMID: 29770757 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diets high in fat can result in obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The improvement of obesity and NAFLD is an important issue. β-Conglycinin, one of the soya proteins, is known to prevent hyperlipidaemia, obesity and NAFLD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of β-conglycinin on the improvement of obesity and NAFLD in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and clarify the mechanism underlying these effects in liver and white adipose tissue (WAT). DIO male ddY mice were divided into six groups: HF, medium-fat (MF) and low-fat (LF) groups fed casein, and HF, MF and LF groups in all of which the casein was replaced by β-conglycinin. A period of 5 weeks later, the β-conglycinin-supplemented group resulted in lower body weight, relative weight of subcutaneous WAT, and hepatic TAG content (P=0·001). Furthermore, β-conglycinin suppressed the hepatic expression of Pparγ2 in the HF dietary group, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and the target genes. The expressions of inflammation-related genes were significantly low in the epididymal and subcutaneous WAT from the mice fed β-conglycinin compared with those fed casein in the HF dietary group. Moreover, the expressions of Pparγ1 and Pparγ2 mRNA were suppressed in subcutaneous WAT in the HF dietary group but not in epididymal WAT. The concentrations of insulin and leptin were low in the serum of the mice fed β-conglycinin. In conclusion, β-conglycinin effectively improved obesity and NAFLD in DIO mice, and it appears to be a promising dietary protein for the amelioration of NAFLD and obesity.
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50
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Atawia RT, Bunch KL, Toque HA, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Mechanisms of obesity-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunctions. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2019; 24:890-934. [PMID: 30844720 PMCID: PMC6689231 DOI: 10.2741/4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and its prevalence is climbing. Obesity is characterized by hypertrophied adipocytes with a dysregulated adipokine secretion profile, increased recruitment of inflammatory cells, and impaired metabolic homeostasis that eventually results in the development of systemic insulin resistance, a phenotype of type 2 diabetes. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is an enzyme that converts L-arginine to nitric oxide (NO), which functions to maintain vascular and adipocyte homeostasis. Arginase is a ureohydrolase enzyme that competes with NOS for L-arginine. Arginase activity/expression is upregulated in obesity, which results in diminished bioavailability of NO, impairing both adipocyte and vascular endothelial cell function. Given the emerging role of NO in the regulation of adipocyte physiology and metabolic capacity, this review explores the interplay between arginase and NO, and their effect on the development of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of obesity-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunction is necessary for the identification of more effective and tailored therapeutic avenues for their prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem T Atawia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Katharine L Bunch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Haroldo A Toque
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Robert W Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904,USA,
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