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Chen L, Rao W, Chen Y, Xie J. In vitro induction of anti‑lung cancer immune response by the A549 lung cancer stem cell lysate‑sensitized dendritic cell vaccine. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:550. [PMID: 39328277 PMCID: PMC11425031 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most fatal types of cancer worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer being the most common subtype. Therefore, there is need for improved treatment approaches. Tumor growth results from the proliferation of a very small number of tumor stem cells, giving rise to the theory of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Lung CSCs are associated with lung cancer development, and although chemotherapy drugs can inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells, they have difficulty acting on lung CSCs. Even if the tumor appears to have disappeared after chemotherapy, the presence of a small number of residual tumor stem cells can lead to cancer recurrence and metastasis. Hence, targeting and eliminating lung CSCs is of significant therapeutic importance. In this study, we cultured A549 cells in sphere-forming conditions using B27, EGF, and bFGF, isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and induced and characterized dendritic cells (DCs). We also isolated and expanded T lymphocytes. DC vaccines were prepared using A549 stem cell lysate or A549 cell lysate for sensitization and compared with non-sensitized DC vaccines. The content of IFN-γ in the supernatant of cultures with vaccines and T cells was measured by ELISA. The cytotoxic effects of the vaccines on A549 cells and stem cells were assessed using the Cytotox96 assay, and the impact of the vaccines on A549 cell migration and apoptosis was evaluated using Transwell assays and flow cytometry. DC vaccines sensitized with human lung CSC lysates induced significant in vitro cytotoxic effects on A549 lung cancer cells and CSCs by T lymphocytes, while not producing immune cytotoxic effects on human airway epithelial cells. Moreover, the immune-killing effect induced by DC vaccines sensitized with lung CSC lysates was superior to that of DC vaccines sensitized with lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Rao
- Department of Urology, Yingtan People's Hospital, Yingtan, Jiangxi 335000, P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gaoan People's Hospital, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, P.R. China
| | - Junping Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
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2
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Liu D, Liu L, Li X, Wang S, Wu G, Che X. Advancements and Challenges in Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccination: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:950. [PMID: 39204073 PMCID: PMC11359700 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous advancements in tumor immunotherapy, researchers are actively exploring new treatment methods. Peptide therapeutic cancer vaccines have garnered significant attention for their potential in improving patient outcomes. Despite its potential, only a single peptide-based cancer vaccine has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms and current development status is crucial for advancing these vaccines. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the production principles and therapeutic mechanisms of peptide-based cancer vaccines, highlights the commonly used peptide-based cancer vaccines, and examines the synergistic effects of combining these vaccines with immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. While some studies have yielded suboptimal results, the potential of combination therapies remains substantial. Additionally, we addressed the management and adverse events associated with peptide-based cancer vaccines, noting their relatively higher safety profile compared to traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Lastly, we also discussed the roles of adjuvants and targeted delivery systems in enhancing vaccine efficacy. In conclusion, this review comprehensively outlines the current landscape of peptide-based cancer vaccination and underscores its potential as a pivotal immunotherapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (D.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (D.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Xinghan Li
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Shijin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (D.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (D.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Xiangyu Che
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (D.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
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3
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Ostadrahimi A, Ahmadikhatir S, Amirazad H, EivaziZiaei J, AsghariJafarabadi M, Barzeghari A, Esfahani A, Farrin N. Effect of combination of Beta Glucan and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HerizI on white blood cell counts and serum levels of IL-4 and IL-12 in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:281-287. [PMID: 38777445 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of this study was the isolation of native probiotic and determine the effect of combination of Beta Glucan and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Heriz I on White Blood Cell Counts and serum levels of IL-4and IL-12 in breast cancer women receiving Chemotherapy. METHODS This study was randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial in 30 women with breast cancer. Women in the intervention group received two 10-mg capsules of soluble 1-3,1-6, D-beta glucan and one capsule of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain Heriz I (2 × 107 CFU) daily and placebo group received placebo during 21days, interval between two courses of chemotherapy. White blood cells, neuthrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts, serum levels of IL-4 and IL-12 were measured before and after the study. RESULTS We isolated Lactobacillus rhamnosus Heriz I from conventional yogurt of Heriz region and registered in NCBI GeneBank. After administration, in both groups white blood cells counts decreased. At the end of study, serum level of IL-4 was decreased in combination group compared to placebo (P = 0.005). Also, serum level of IL-12 in combination group increased non-significantly (P = 0.066). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that combination of Beta Glucan and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Heriz I may be useful as immunomodulary supplements in chemotherapy patients however further studies were needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shonaz Ahmadikhatir
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Halimeh Amirazad
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Jamal EivaziZiaei
- Hematology Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Barzeghari
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ali Esfahani
- Hematology Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nazila Farrin
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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4
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Atmaca H, Oguz F, Ilhan S. Chitosan in cancer therapy: a dual role as a therapeutic agent and drug delivery system. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 79:95-105. [PMID: 38478126 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy is still the most preferred treatment for cancer, most chemotherapeutic agents target both cancer cells and healthy cells and cause serious side effects due to high toxicity. Improved drug delivery systems (DDSs), which enhance the efficacy of current chemotherapeutic drugs while reducing their toxicity, offer potential solutions to these challenges. Chitosan (CS) and its derivatives are biopolymers with biodegradable, biocompatible, and low-toxicity properties, and their structure allows for convenient chemical and mechanical modifications. In its role as a therapeutic agent, CS can impede the proliferation of tumor cells through the inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as by triggering apoptosis. CS and its derivatives are also frequently preferred as DDSs due to their properties such as high drug-carrying capacity, polycationic structure, long-term circulation, and direct targeting of cancer cells. Various therapeutic agents linked to CS and its derivatives demonstrate potent anticancer effects with advantages such as reduced side effects compared to the original drugs, owing to factors like targeted distribution within cancer tissues and sustained release. This review emphasizes the utilization of CS and its derivatives, both as therapeutic agents and as carriers for established chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Atmaca
- Department of Biology 52953 , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University , Manisa 45140, Türkiye
| | - Ferdi Oguz
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Suleyman Ilhan
- Department of Biology 52953 , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University , Manisa 45140, Türkiye
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5
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Sharma A, Jasrotia S, Kumar A. Effects of Chemotherapy on the Immune System: Implications for Cancer Treatment and Patient Outcomes. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2551-2566. [PMID: 37906273 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, but it can also induce immune suppression, which can have significant implications for patient outcomes. This review paper aims to give a general overview of how chemotherapy affects the immune system and how it affects cancer treatment. Chemotherapy can directly affect immune cells, leading to cytotoxic effects, cell differentiation and function alterations, and cell communication and signaling pathways disruptions. Such immune suppression can weaken the anti-tumor immune response and increase the risk of immune-related toxicities. Understanding the mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced immune suppression is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies. Strategies to mitigate immune suppression include immunomodulatory agents as adjuvants to chemotherapy, combination therapies to enhance immune function, and supportive care measures of the immune system. Additionally, identifying potential biomarkers to predict immune suppression and guide treatment decisions holds promise for personalized cancer medicine. Future directions in this field involve further elucidating underlying mechanisms, exploring novel combination therapies, and developing targeted interventions to minimize immune suppression. By understanding and addressing chemotherapy-induced immune suppression, we can optimize cancer treatment strategies, enhance the anti-tumor immune response, and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Sharma
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Shivam Jasrotia
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar
- University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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Korangath P, Jin L, Yang CT, Healy S, Guo X, Ke S, Grüttner C, Hu C, Gabrielson K, Foote J, Clarke R, Ivkov R. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Inhibit Tumor Progression and Suppress Lung Metastases in Mouse Models of Breast Cancer. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10509-10526. [PMID: 38564478 PMCID: PMC11025112 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Systemic exposure to starch-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) can stimulate antitumor T cell responses, even when little IONP is retained within the tumor. Here, we demonstrate in mouse models of metastatic breast cancer that IONPs can alter the host immune landscape, leading to systemic immune-mediated disease suppression. We report that a single intravenous injection of IONPs can inhibit primary tumor growth, suppress metastases, and extend survival. Gene expression analysis revealed the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways involving signaling via Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF), a TLR pathway adaptor protein. Requisite participation of TRIF in suppressing tumor progression was demonstrated with histopathologic evidence of upregulated IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a downstream protein, and confirmed in a TRIF knockout syngeneic mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. Neither starch-coated polystyrene nanoparticles lacking iron, nor iron-containing dextran-coated parenteral iron replacement agent, induced significant antitumor effects, suggesting a dependence on the type of IONP formulation. Analysis of multiple independent clinical databases supports a hypothesis that upregulation of TLR3 and IRF3 correlates with increased overall survival among breast cancer patients. Taken together, these data support a compelling rationale to re-examine IONP formulations as harboring anticancer immune (nano)adjuvant properties to generate a therapeutic benefit without requiring uptake by cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Korangath
- Department
of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, School of
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Lu Jin
- The
Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, United States
| | - Chun-Ting Yang
- Department
of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, School of
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Sean Healy
- Department
of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, School of
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Xin Guo
- Department
of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Suqi Ke
- Department
of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer
Centre, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | | | - Chen Hu
- Department
of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer
Centre, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Kathleen Gabrielson
- Department
of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jeremy Foote
- Department
of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University
of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Robert Clarke
- The
Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, United States
| | - Robert Ivkov
- Department
of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, School of
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department
of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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7
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Pan H, Liu P, Zhao L, Pan Y, Mao M, Kroemer G, Kepp O. Immunogenic cell stress and death in the treatment of cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:11-21. [PMID: 37977108 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The successful treatment of oncological malignancies which results in long-term disease control or the complete eradication of cancerous cells necessitates the onset of adaptive immune responses targeting tumor-specific antigens. Such desirable anticancer immunity can be triggered via the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells, thus converting malignant cells into an in situ vaccine that elicits T cell mediated adaptive immune responses and establishes durable immunological memory. The exploration of ICD for cancer treatment has been subject to extensive research. However, functional heterogeneity among ICD activating therapies in many cases requires specific co-medications to achieve full-blown efficacy. Here, we described the hallmarks of ICD and classify ICD activators into three distinct functional categories namely, according to their mode of action: (i) ICD inducers, which increase the immunogenicity of malignant cells, (ii) ICD sensitizers, which prime cellular circuitries for ICD induction by conventional cytotoxic agents, and (iii) ICD enhancers, which improve the perception of ICD signals by antigen presenting dendritic cells. Altogether, ICD induction, sensitization and enhancement offer the possibility to convert well-established conventional anticancer therapies into immunotherapeutic approaches that activate T cell-mediated anticancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Pan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Peng Liu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Yuhong Pan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Misha Mao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France; Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France.
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8
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Xia G, Zhang Z, Jiang Q, Wang H, Wang J. Predictive value of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36810. [PMID: 38335394 PMCID: PMC10860995 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer (BC) has received increasing attention. Here, a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between the expression of stromal TILs and pathological complete response (pCR) after NAC in BC patients. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched online by using a combination of keywords and free words to screen literature on the expression of stromal TILs and pCR after NAC in patients with BC. The data were extracted and evaluated for quality. Relative risk (RR) was used to evaluate the relationship between the expression of stromal TILs before NAC and pCR in BC patients. Meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 14.0 software. RESULTS Eleven studies involving 6039 BC patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed a generally high expression of stromal TILs in BC patients, and the pCR rate after NAC in BC patients with a high expression of stromal TILs was significantly higher than that in BC patients with a low expression of stromal TILs [RR = 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69-1.97]. Subgroup analysis based on the molecular subtypes of BC showed that the pCR rate was significantly higher in patients with a high expression of stromal TILs in hormone receptor (HR)-positive BC [RR = 3.23, 95% CI: 2.43-4.30], human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-positive BC [RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.25-1.60], and triple-negative BC [RR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.53-1.90] than in those with a low expression of stromal TILs. Subgroup analysis based on expression threshold showed that the pCR rate was higher in patients with a high expression of stromal TILs than in patients with a low expression of stromal TILs at different expression thresholds (10% [RR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.55-2.55], 20%/30% [RR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.37-1.81], 50%/60% [RR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.73-2.11]. CONCLUSION TILs can be used as a predictor of pCR after NAC in patients with BC, and the appropriate high expression threshold of stromal TILs should be selected as the predictive value according to the molecular subtype of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfa Xia
- Department of Breast Diseases, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziran Zhang
- Department of Breast Diseases, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Breast Diseases, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Breast Diseases, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Breast Diseases, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Huang X, Ren Q, Yang L, Cui D, Ma C, Zheng Y, Wu J. Immunogenic chemotherapy: great potential for improving response rates. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1308681. [PMID: 38125944 PMCID: PMC10732354 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1308681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of anti-tumor immunity is critical in treating cancers. Recent studies indicate that several chemotherapy agents can stimulate anti-tumor immunity by inducing immunogenic cell death and durably eradicate tumors. This suggests that immunogenic chemotherapy holds great potential for improving response rates. However, chemotherapy in practice has only had limited success in inducing long-term survival or cure of cancers when used either alone or in combination with immunotherapy. We think that this is because the importance of dose, schedule, and tumor model dependence of chemotherapy-activated anti-tumor immunity is under-appreciated. Here, we review immune modulation function of representative chemotherapy agents and propose a model of immunogenic chemotherapy-induced long-lasting responses that rely on synergetic interaction between killing tumor cells and inducing anti-tumor immunity. We comb through several chemotherapy treatment schedules, and identify the needs for chemotherapy dose and schedule optimization and combination therapy with immunotherapy when chemotherapy dosage or immune responsiveness is too low. We further review tumor cell intrinsic factors that affect the optimal chemotherapy dose and schedule. Lastly, we review the biomarkers indicating responsiveness to chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy treatments. A deep understanding of how chemotherapy activates anti-tumor immunity and how to monitor its responsiveness can lead to the development of more effective chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy, thereby improving the efficacy of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Huang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinghuan Ren
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leixiang Yang
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Cui
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyang Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yueliang Zheng
- Cancer Center, Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Liu P, Zhao L, Zitvogel L, Kepp O, Kroemer G. The BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax mediates anticancer effects through dendritic cell activation. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2447-2451. [PMID: 37845384 PMCID: PMC10733328 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BCL2 is an apoptosis-inhibitory oncoprotein that also possesses apoptosis-unrelated activities. Pharmacological BCL2 inhibitors have been developed with the scope of driving BCL2-dependent cancer cells into apoptosis, and one BCL2 antagonist, venetoclax, has been clinically approved for the treatment of specific leukemias and lymphomas. Nonetheless, it appears that venetoclax, as well as genetic BCL2 inhibition, can mediate anticancer effects through an indirect action. Such an indirect effect relies on the enhancement of the immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells, hence increasing tumor immunosurveillance. Mechanistically, BCL2 inhibition involves improved antigen presentation by conventional type-1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) due to the activation of an interferon response, leading to a T cell-mediated anticancer immune response that can be further enhanced by PD-1 blockade. These findings support the emerging hypothesis that successful antineoplastic drugs generally mediate their effects indirectly, through the immune system, rather via merely cell-autonomous effects on malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1015, ClinicObiome, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (BIOTHERIS) 1428, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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11
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Liu P, Zhao L, Kroemer G, Kepp O. Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) in cancer immunity. Biol Direct 2023; 18:71. [PMID: 37907944 PMCID: PMC10619282 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, alone or in combination with conventional therapies, has revolutionized the landscape of antineoplastic treatments, with dendritic cells (DC) emerging as key orchestrators of anti-tumor immune responses. Among the distinct DC subsets, conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) have gained prominence due to their unique ability to cross-present antigens and activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This review summarizes the distinctive characteristics of cDC1, their pivotal role in anticancer immunity, and the potential applications of cDC1-based strategies in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Sorbonne Université, 75006, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Sorbonne Université, 75006, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Sorbonne Université, 75006, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Sorbonne Université, 75006, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800, Villejuif, France.
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12
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Carbone D, Gallo C, Nuzzo G, Barra G, Dell'Isola M, Affuso M, Follero O, Albiani F, Sansone C, Manzo E, d'Ippolito G, Fontana A. Marine natural product lepadin A as a novel inducer of immunogenic cell death via CD91-dependent pathway. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:34. [PMID: 37779162 PMCID: PMC10542626 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) represents a mechanism of enhancing T cell-driven response against tumor cells. The process is enabled by release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines by dying cells. Based on molecular studies and clinical marker assessment, ICD can be a new target for cancer chemotherapy hitherto restricted to a few conventional anticancer drugs. In view of the development of small molecules in targeted cancer therapy, we reported the preliminary evidence on the role of the natural product lepadin A (1) as a novel ICD inducer. Here we describe the ICD mechanism of lepadin A (1) by proving the translocation of the protein calreticulin (CRT) to the plasma membrane of human A2058 melanoma cells. CRT exposure is an ICD marker in clinical studies and was associated with the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in A2058 cells with lepadin A (1). After the treatment, the tumour cells acquired the ability to activate dendritic cells (DCs) with cytokine release and costimulatory molecule expression that is consistent with a phenotypic profile committed to priming T lymphocytes via a CD91-dependent mechanism. The effect of lepadin A (1) was dose-dependent and comparable to the response of the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (2), a well-established ICD inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Carbone
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy.
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Giusi Barra
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Dell'Isola
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Affuso
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Olimpia Follero
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Albiani
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie Marine, University of Naples "Federico II", Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
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13
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Guterres A, Abrahim M, da Costa Neves PC. The role of immune subtyping in glioma mRNA vaccine development. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:1057-1072. [PMID: 37431617 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the development of mRNA vaccines for central nervous system tumors have used gene expression profiles, clinical data and RNA sequencing from sources such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas to identify effective antigens. These studies revealed several immune subtypes of glioma, each one linked to unique prognoses and genetic/immune-modulatory changes. Potential antigens include ARPC1B, BRCA2, COL6A1, ITGB3, IDH1, LILRB2, TP53 and KDR, among others. Patients with immune-active and immune-suppressive phenotypes were found to respond better to mRNA vaccines. While these findings indicate the potential of mRNA vaccines in cancer therapy, further research is required to optimize administration and adjuvant selection, and precisely identify target antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Guterres
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Mayla Abrahim
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina da Costa Neves
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
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14
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Liu X, Li X, Wei H, Liu Y, Li N. Mast cells in colorectal cancer tumour progression, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209056. [PMID: 37497234 PMCID: PMC10366593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of the tumour cells, as well as how tumour cells interact with their surroundings, affect the prognosis of cancer patients. The resident cells in the tumour microenvironment are mast cells (MCs), which are known for their functions in allergic responses, but their functions in the cancer milieu have been hotly contested. Several studies have revealed a link between MCs and the development of tumours. Mast cell proliferation in colorectal cancer (CRC) is correlated with angiogenesis, the number of lymph nodes to which the malignancy has spread, and patient prognosis. By releasing angiogenic factors (VEGF-A, CXCL 8, MMP-9, etc.) and lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF-C, VEGF-D, etc.) stored in granules, mast cells play a significant role in the development of CRC. On the other hand, MCs can actively encourage tumour development via pathways including the c-kit/SCF-dependent signaling cascade and histamine production. The impact of MC-derived mediators on tumour growth, the prognostic importance of MCs in patients with various stages of colorectal cancer, and crosstalk between MCs and CRC cells in the tumour microenvironment are discussed in this article. We acknowledge the need for a deeper comprehension of the function of MCs in CRC and the possibility that targeting MCs might be a useful therapeutic approach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haotian Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ningxu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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15
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Zhang S, Zhao L, Guo M, Liu P, Li S, Xie W, Tian AL, Pol JG, Chen H, Pan H, Mao M, Li Y, Zitvogel L, Jin Y, Kepp O, Kroemer G. Anticancer effects of ikarugamycin and astemizole identified in a screen for stimulators of cellular immune responses. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006785. [PMID: 37419511 PMCID: PMC10347457 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most immunotherapies approved for clinical use rely on the use of recombinant proteins and cell-based approaches, rendering their manufacturing expensive and logistics onerous. The identification of novel small molecule immunotherapeutic agents might overcome such limitations. METHOD For immunopharmacological screening campaigns, we built an artificial miniature immune system in which dendritic cells (DCs) derived from immature precursors present MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I-restricted antigen to a T-cell hybridoma that then secretes interleukin-2 (IL-2). RESULTS The screening of three drug libraries relevant to known signaling pathways, FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved drugs and neuroendocrine factors yielded two major hits, astemizole and ikarugamycin. Mechanistically, ikarugamycin turned out to act on DCs to inhibit hexokinase 2, hence stimulating their antigen presenting potential. In contrast, astemizole acts as a histamine H1 receptor (H1R1) antagonist to activate T cells in a non-specific, DC-independent fashion. Astemizole induced the production of IL-2 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Both ikarugamycin and astemizole improved the anticancer activity of the immunogenic chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin in a T cell-dependent fashion. Of note, astemizole enhanced the CD8+/Foxp3+ ratio in the tumor immune infiltrate as well as IFN-γ production by local CD8+ T lymphocytes. In patients with cancer, high H1R1 expression correlated with low infiltration by TH1 cells, as well as with signs of T-cell exhaustion. The combination of astemizole and oxaliplatin was able to cure the majority of mice bearing orthotopic non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), then inducing a state of protective long-term immune memory. The NSCLC-eradicating effect of astemizole plus oxaliplatin was lost on depletion of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, as well as on neutralization of IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the potential utility of this screening system for the identification of immunostimulatory drugs with anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Mengfei Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Sijing Li
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Wei Xie
- Cell death and Inflammation Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ai-Ling Tian
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan G Pol
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Hui Chen
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Hui Pan
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Misha Mao
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Surgical Oncology Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Gustave Roussy, Villjuif, France
- ClinicObiome, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Mondal SK, Bhattacharya S, Sarkar AP, Saha R. Expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast carcinoma and their clinical significance. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S81-S86. [PMID: 37147987 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2013_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim Carcinoma of the breast is the second most common cause of cancer death in women. Expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in cancer cells plays an important role in tailored therapy. This can be evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal PD-L1 antibody in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of PD-L1 and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in invasive carcinoma of breast and their clinicopathological correlation. Materials and Methods Immunohistochemical staining for PD-L1 and TILs was done in paraffin-embedded tissues of histologically diagnosed 50 cases of breast carcinoma. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22 software. Results Out of these 50 cases, PD-L1 and TIL expression were seen in 16 (32%) cases and 18 (36%) cases, respectively. PD-L1 positivity was seen in 33.33% cases of grade 1 breast carcinoma, 13.79% of cases of grade 2 breast carcinoma, and in 75% case of grade 3 breast carcinoma. TILs showed positivity in 6.9% cases of grade 1 breast carcinoma, 13.79% of cases of grade 2 breast carcinoma, and in 100% cases of grade 3 breast carcinoma. Proportion of patients having PD-L1 expression was higher in grade 3 carcinoma than in grade 1 or 2. The differences were statistically significant (Chi-square value = 13.417, degree of freedom = 1, P < 0.05). The Chi-square value for TILs was 28.07, degree of freedom was 1, and P value was <0.05, which was statistically significant. Conclusion Both PD-L1 and TILs showed maximum positivity in grade 3 breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Mondal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Aditya Prasad Sarkar
- Community Medicine, Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India
| | - Rama Saha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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17
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Köseer AS, Di Gaetano S, Arndt C, Bachmann M, Dubrovska A. Immunotargeting of Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1608. [PMID: 36900399 PMCID: PMC10001158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The generally accepted view is that CSCs hijack the signaling pathways attributed to normal stem cells that regulate the self-renewal and differentiation processes. Therefore, the development of selective targeting strategies for CSC, although clinically meaningful, is associated with significant challenges because CSC and normal stem cells share many important signaling mechanisms for their maintenance and survival. Furthermore, the efficacy of this therapy is opposed by tumor heterogeneity and CSC plasticity. While there have been considerable efforts to target CSC populations by the chemical inhibition of the developmental pathways such as Notch, Hedgehog (Hh), and Wnt/β-catenin, noticeably fewer attempts were focused on the stimulation of the immune response by CSC-specific antigens, including cell-surface targets. Cancer immunotherapies are based on triggering the anti-tumor immune response by specific activation and targeted redirecting of immune cells toward tumor cells. This review is focused on CSC-directed immunotherapeutic approaches such as bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug candidates, CSC-targeted cellular immunotherapies, and immune-based vaccines. We discuss the strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of the different immunotherapeutic approaches and describe the current state of their clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Sedef Köseer
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Simona Di Gaetano
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01309 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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18
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Lin L, Yang F, Lin G, Chen X. Thyroid Dysfunction in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 63:210-218. [PMID: 36083133 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been established as the cornerstone for advanced non-small cell lung cancer, while thyroid adverse events (AEs) associated with ICIs have not been systematically documented. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of ICI applications on the thyroid of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase for eligible randomized controlled trials up to December 2021. Clinical trials reporting thyroid AEs including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroiditis were enrolled. The I2 statistic was also calculated to quantify the heterogeneity. Data were evaluated as risk ratio (RR) and corresponding 95%CIs. A total of 10 randomized clinical trials involving 6154 patients were included in this meta-analysis. ICI application was found to have a statistically significant higher risk of all grade hypothyroidism (RR, 7.03; P < 0.0001), hyperthyroidism (RR, 4.88; P < 0.0001), and thyroiditis (RR, 6.58; P = 0.0014) compared with the chemotherapy group. Moreover, we demonstrated that second-line therapy significantly increased the risk of all-grade hypothyroidism (RR, 7.03 [95%CI, 4.69-10.55]) and hyperthyroidism (RR, 4.88 [95%CI, 3.11-7.65]). Our meta-analysis manifested that regimens with ICIs may significantly increase all grades of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroiditis. ICIs may induce the occurrence and exacerbation of endocrine AEs compared with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofu Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Troschke-Meurer S, Zumpe M, Meißner L, Siebert N, Grabarczyk P, Forkel H, Maletzki C, Bekeschus S, Lode HN. Chemotherapeutics Used for High-Risk Neuroblastoma Therapy Improve the Efficacy of Anti-GD2 Antibody Dinutuximab Beta in Preclinical Spheroid Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030904. [PMID: 36765861 PMCID: PMC9913527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-disialoganglioside GD2 antibody ch14.18/CHO (dinutuximab beta, DB) improved the outcome of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) in the maintenance phase. We investigated chemotherapeutic compounds used in newly diagnosed patients in combination with DB. Vincristine, etoposide, carboplatin, cisplatin, and cyclophosphamide, as well as DB, were used at concentrations achieved in pediatric clinical trials. The effects on stress ligand and checkpoint expression by neuroblastoma cells and on activation receptors of NK cells were determined by using flow cytometry. NK-cell activity was measured with a CD107a/IFN-γ assay. Long-term cytotoxicity was analyzed in three spheroid models derived from GD2-positive neuroblastoma cell lines (LAN-1, CHLA 20, and CHLA 136) expressing a fluorescent near-infrared protein. Chemotherapeutics combined with DB in the presence of immune cells improved cytotoxic efficacy up to 17-fold compared to in the controls, and the effect was GD2-specific. The activating stress and inhibitory checkpoint ligands on neuroblastoma cells were upregulated by the chemotherapeutics up to 9- and 5-fold, respectively, and activation receptors on NK cells were not affected. The CD107a/IFN-γ assay revealed no additional activation of NK cells by the chemotherapeutics. The synergistic effect of DB with chemotherapeutics seems primarily attributed to the combined toxicity of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and chemotherapy, which supports further clinical evaluation in frontline induction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Troschke-Meurer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Strasse 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maxi Zumpe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Strasse 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lena Meißner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Strasse 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nikolai Siebert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Strasse 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Piotr Grabarczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Strasse 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hannes Forkel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Strasse 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger N. Lode
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Strasse 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-86-6300; Fax: +49-3834-86-6410
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The Function of DNA and RNA Nanovaccines in the Treatment of Cancer. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-17831-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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21
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Tan X, Fang P, Li K, You M, Cao Y, Xu H, Zhu X, Wang L, Wei X, Wen H, Li W, Shi L, Sun X, Yu D, Zhu H, Wang Z, Liu D, Shen H, Zhou W, An M. A HER2-targeted antibody-novel DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor conjugate induces durable adaptive antitumor immunity by activating dendritic cells. MAbs 2023; 15:2220466. [PMID: 37314961 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2220466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed and developed a novel DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor MF-6, which was a more potent cytotoxin and a more potent inducer of immunogenic cell death compared with DXd. To utilize MF-6's ability to induce antitumor immunity, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) trastuzumab-L6 that included a cleavable linker and MF-6 was developed. Different from traditional cytotoxic ADC, the antitumor activity of trastuzumab-L6 was assessed by inducing tumor cell immunogenic cell death, activating dendritic cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to acquire durable adaptive immune memory. Tumor cells treated with trastuzumab-L6 were committed to immunogenic cell death, with upregulation of damage-associated molecular patterns and antigen presentation molecules. In a syngeneic tumor model with a mouse cell line that expressed human HER2, immunocompetent mice showed greater antitumor efficacy compared with nude mice. The trastuzumab-L6-cured immunocompetent mice acquired adaptive antitumor memory and rejected subsequent tumor cell challenge. The trastuzumab-L6 efficacy was abrogated when cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were depleted and enhanced when regulatory CD4+ T cells were depleted. The combination of trastuzumab-L6 with immune checkpoint inhibitors significantly increased antitumor efficacy. Enhanced T cell infiltration, dendritic cell activation, and decreased type M2 macrophages in tumor post trastuzumab-L6 administration confirmed the immune-activating responses. In conclusion, trastuzumab-L6 was considered to be an immunostimulatory agent, rather than a traditional cytotoxic ADC, and its antitumor efficacy was enhanced when combined with an anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibody, which suggested a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoding Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Fang
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiying Li
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Meng You
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Cao
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wei
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Wen
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wendi Li
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Dongan Yu
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Huikai Zhu
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Datao Liu
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Maomao An
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
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Yu EM, Mudireddy M, Biswas R, Aragon-Ching JB. The role of switch maintenance therapy in urothelial cancers. Ther Adv Urol 2023; 15:17562872221147760. [PMID: 36891217 PMCID: PMC9986508 DOI: 10.1177/17562872221147760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the treatment paradigm of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). The JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial established avelumab, one of several ICIs in use today, as a life-prolonging maintenance therapy for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Platinum-based chemotherapy is most often used in the first-line treatment of mUC, and while response rates approach about 50%, disease control is usually short-lived upon completion of the standard three to six cycles of chemotherapy. Much progress has been made in recent years in the second-line space and beyond with the use of ICIs, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in eligible patients at the time of disease progression post-platinum-based chemotherapy. However, many patients with progressive mUC after first-line chemotherapy suffer from rapid progression of disease, treatment toxicity with subsequent lines of therapy, and a limited life expectancy. Until the results of the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial were presented in 2020, there were no maintenance strategies proven to be beneficial over best supportive care after disease control is achieved with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. To date, standard of care frontline treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer remains to be four to six cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy followed by maintenance avelumab. This review summarizes the current evidence available on maintenance therapies in mUC, as well as several highly anticipated clinical trials that we hope will result in further progress in the management of this aggressive cancer and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-mi Yu
- GU Medical Oncology, Inova Schar Cancer
Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Mythri Mudireddy
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Inova
Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Rakesh Biswas
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Inova
Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jeanny B. Aragon-Ching
- GU Medical Oncology, Inova Schar Cancer
Institute, 8081 Innovation Park Drive, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA
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Ahmed R, Gupta S. Switch Maintenance Therapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma. Bladder Cancer 2022; 8:359-369. [PMID: 38994180 PMCID: PMC11181790 DOI: 10.3233/blc-220030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While switch maintenance therapy is being increasingly investigated in solid tumors, it is a standard in only a few. We conducted a systematic review on switch maintenance therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION In this systematic review, we conducted a literature search in PubMed and Cochrane databases up to 2021, based on PRISMA statement guidelines. One hundred and fifty eight articles were identified and after a three-step selection process and six articles, using different agents were included in evidence synthesis. The primary end points were effect on overall survival, progression free survival, safety and tolerability. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS In the pre-immunotherapy era, targeted therapies like sunitinib, lapatinib and vinflunine were studied as switch maintenance therapy in metastatic urothelial carcinoma but did not show any overall survival benefit. Use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents have shown promise as switch maintenance therapy; pembrolizumab showed improvement in progression free survival in a phase 2 trial and avelumab showed improvement in overall survival and progression free survival in the phase 3 JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial. CONCLUSION Immunotherapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents has emerged as an effective switch maintenance strategy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Intensification of the immunotherapy backbone in this setting can potentially further enhance outcomes. Emerging evidence shows a potential role of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in this setting as well. Results from ongoing and planned studies will help us understand which switch maintenance approaches would be most effective for improving outcomes in metastatic urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Ahmed
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shilpa Gupta
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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24
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Qin Y, Xu G. Enhancing CAR T-cell therapies against solid tumors: Mechanisms and reversion of resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1053120. [PMID: 36569859 PMCID: PMC9773088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, belonging to adoptive immune cells therapy, utilizes engineered immunoreceptors to enhance tumor-specific killing. By now new generations of CAR T-cell therapies dramatically promote the effectiveness and robustness in leukemia cases. However, only a few CAR T-cell therapies gain FDA approval till now, which are applied to hematologic cancers. Targeting solid tumors through CAR T-cell therapies still faces many problems, such as tumor heterogeneity, antigen loss, infiltration inability and immunosuppressive micro-environment. Recent advances provide new insights about the mechanisms of CAR T-cell therapy resistance and give rise to potential reversal therapies. In this review, we mainly introduce existing barriers when treating solid tumors with CAR T-cells and discuss the methods to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guotai Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Guotai Xu,
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25
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Shen W, Liu T, Pei P, Li J, Yang S, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Hu L, Yang K. Metabolic Homeostasis-Regulated Nanoparticles for Antibody-Independent Cancer Radio-Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2207343. [PMID: 36222379 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The special metabolic traits of cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are promising targets for developing novel cancer therapy strategies, especially the glycolysis and mitochondrial energy metabolism. However, therapies targeting a singular metabolic pathway are always counteracted by the metabolic reprogramming of cancer, resulting in unsatisfactory therapeutic effect. Herein, this work employs poly(ethylene glycol)-coated (PEGylated) liposomes as the drug delivery system for both mannose and levamisole hydrochloride to simultaneously inhibit glycolysis and restrain mitochondrial energy metabolism and thus inhibit tumor growth. In combination with radiotherapy, the liposomes can not only modulate the immunosuppressive TME by cellular metabolism regulation to achieve potent therapeutic effect for local tumors, but also suppress the M2 macrophage proliferation triggered by X-ray irradiation and thus enhance the immune response to inhibit metastatic lesions. In brief, this work provides a new therapeutic strategy targeting the special metabolic traits of cancer cells and immunosuppressive TAMs to enhance the abscopal effect of radiotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Teng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Pei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Junmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Sai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yanxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hailin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Lin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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Rizzolio S, Giordano S, Corso S. The importance of being CAFs (in cancer resistance to targeted therapies). J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:319. [PMID: 36324182 PMCID: PMC9632140 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, clinical oncology has been revolutionized by the advent of targeted drugs. However, the efficacy of these therapies is significantly limited by primary and acquired resistance, that relies not only on cell-autonomous mechanisms but also on tumor microenvironment cues. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are extremely plastic cells of the tumor microenvironment. They not only produce extracellular matrix components that build up the structure of tumor stroma, but they also release growth factors, chemokines, exosomes, and metabolites that affect all tumor properties, including response to drug treatment. The contribution of CAFs to tumor progression has been deeply investigated and reviewed in several works. However, their role in resistance to anticancer therapies, and in particular to molecular therapies, has been largely overlooked. This review specifically dissects the role of CAFs in driving resistance to targeted therapies and discusses novel CAF targeted therapeutic strategies to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Corso
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Wang H, Yin X, Fang T, Lou S, Han B, Gao J, Wang Y, Zhang D, Wang X, Lu Z, Wu J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xue Y. Development and Validation of an Age-Related Gastric Cancer-Specific Immune Index. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6393-6407. [DOI: 10.2147/jir.s388792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Guaitoli G, Neri G, Cabitza E, Natalizio S, Mastrodomenico L, Talerico S, Trudu L, Lauro C, Chiavelli C, Baschieri MC, Bruni A, Dominici M, Bertolini F. Dissecting Immunotherapy Strategies for Small Cell Lung Cancer: Antibodies, Ionizing Radiation and CAR-T. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12728. [PMID: 36361523 PMCID: PMC9656696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that accounts for about 14% of all lung cancers. Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the only available treatment for a long time, until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) recently changed first-line standard of care and shed light on the pivotal role of the immune system. Despite improved survival in a subset of patients, a lot of them still do not benefit from first-line chemo-immunotherapy, and several studies are investigating whether different combination strategies (with both systemic and local treatments, such as radiotherapy) may improve patient outcomes. Moreover, research of biomarkers that may be used to predict patients' outcomes is ongoing. In addition to ICIs, immunotherapy offers other different strategies, including naked monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor associated antigens, conjugated antibody, bispecific antibodies and cellular therapies. In this review, we summarize the main evidence available about the use of immunotherapy in SCLC, the rationale behind combination strategies and the studies that are currently ongoing in this setting, in order to give the reader a clear and complete view of this rapidly expanding topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Guaitoli
- PhD Program Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Neri
- PhD Program Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cabitza
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Natalizio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luciana Mastrodomenico
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Sabrina Talerico
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Trudu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauro
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiavelli
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Baschieri
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessio Bruni
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Bertolini
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
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Wang RX, Ji P, Gong Y, Shao ZM, Chen S. SDF-1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes identify clinical subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer with different responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940635. [PMID: 36341391 PMCID: PMC9630559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we investigated the prediction and prognostic value of SDF-1 for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) following standard radical surgery. Methods A total of 303 TNBC patients were included in this study. The NAC regimen was weekly paclitaxel plus carboplatin (PC) for all patients. SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression were measured at baseline and surgery via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Correlations between variables and treatment response were studied, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was implemented for prognostic evaluation. Results Of the 303 patients, 103 (34.0%) experienced pathological complete response (pCR) after completion of NAC. Serum SDF-1 expression before NAC was significantly correlated with the abundance of TILs. A higher pCR rate was more likely to be observed in patients with lower serum SDF-1 levels before NAC (P=0.001, OR=0.997, 95% CI: 0.996-0.999) and higher levels of TILs (P=0.005). In the multivariate survival model for nonpCR patients, serum SDF-1 expression at surgery served as an independent prognostic value for survival (high level, HR=1.980, 95% CI: 1.170-3.350, low level was used as a reference; P=0.011). Additionally, the predictive and prognostic value of serum SDF-1 expression was significant in patients with high abundance of TILs but not in patients with low abundance of TILs. Conclusions This study contributes to the clarification of the value of serum SDF-1 to predict pCR and survival for TNBC patients who underwent NAC. This new serum marker, together with TILs, might help identify clinical subtypes of TNBC with different treatment responses and survival and play an important role in tailoring and modifying the NAC strategy for advanced TNBCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Xi Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Gong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng Chen,
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Plousiou M, De Vita A, Miserocchi G, Bandini E, Vannini I, Melloni M, Masalu N, Fabbri F, Serra P. Growth Inhibition of Retinoblastoma Cell Line by Exosome-Mediated Transfer of miR-142-3p. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:2119-2131. [PMID: 35791342 PMCID: PMC9250773 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s351979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common ocular paediatric malignancy and is caused by a mutation of the two alleles of the tumor suppressor gene, RB1. The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a complex system whose function is not yet well defined and where microvesicles, such as exosomes, play a key role in intercellular communication. Micro-RNAs (mRNAs) have emerged as important modifiers of biological mechanisms involved in cancer and been able to regulate tumor progression. Methods Co-culture of monocytes with retinoblastoma cell lines, showed a significant growth decrease. Given the interaction between Rb cells and monocytes, we investigated the role of the supernatant in the cross-talk between cell lines, by taking the product of the co-culture and then using it as a culture medium for Rb cells. Results miR-142-3p showed to be particularly over-expressed both in the Rb cell line and in the medium used for their culture, comparing to control cell line and the normal supernatant, respectively. Therefore, we provided evidence that miR-142-3p is released by monocytes in the co-culture medium’s exosomes and that it is subsequently up-taken by Rb cells, causing the inhibition of proliferation of Rb cell line by affecting cell cycle progression. Conclusion This study highlights the role of exosomic miR-142-3p in the TME of Rb and identifies new molecular targets, which are able to control tumor growth aiming the development of a forward-looking miR-based strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meropi Plousiou
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST), "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST), "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Erika Bandini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Ivan Vannini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Mattia Melloni
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Nestory Masalu
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Bioscience Laboratory IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST), "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Patrizia Serra
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST), "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
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Canine Apocrine Gland Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma: A Review. Top Companion Anim Med 2022; 50:100682. [PMID: 35792243 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASAC) is a relatively uncommon tumor in the dog and comprises approximately 17% of perianal malignancies; however, it is one of the most common causes of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. Clinical signs in affected dogs most commonly are associated with mechanical obstruction caused by the primary tumor or enlarged regional metastatic lymph nodes and the effects of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia when present. Surgical excision of the primary tumor and metastasectomy of affected locoregional lymph nodes is the preferred initial treatment option for most dogs, although radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy are commonly incorporated into multi-modality treatment plans. A significant role for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy has not been clearly demonstrated. Prolonged survival times are possible, especially for dogs with smaller primary tumors and for dogs that undergo further treatments for recurrent disease. In this article, we review the clinical signs, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and prognosis of AGASAC in the dog.
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Li B, Yuan L, Liu P, Geng Z, Zhang K, Jiang H, Sui H, Zhang B. Moxibustion attenuates inflammation in intestinal mucosal by regulating RAGE-mediated TLR4-NF-κBp65 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:4278-4294. [PMID: 35836884 PMCID: PMC9274590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of moxibustion on the RAGE/TLR4-NF-κBp65 pathways and mucosal damage in rat model of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-induced intestinal mucositis (IM) and the underlying mechanisms. 5-Fu treatment significantly increased the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligand, thehigh-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), in the rat intestinal tissue. The inhibition of RAGE could induce the repair of intestinal mucosal damage and downregulate the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 in intestinal tissues of 5-Fu-treated rats. Moxibustion treatment significantly improved the physical symptoms and repaired the intestinal mucosal damage of IM rats and increased the expression of tight junction proteins in these rats. The expression of RAGE, HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κBp65, and related downstream inflammatory factors, namely, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, were significantly decreased after moxibustion treatment. A moxibustion dose of 15 min/day exerted a better therapeutic effect than a dose of 30 min/day. The phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 and IκBa is involved in reducing inflammation by regulating the RAGE signaling pathway. Moxibustion can reduce intestinal mucosal damage and inflammation in 5-Fu-induced IM rats via modulation of the RAGE/TLR4-NF-κBp65 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrong Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Geng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiyong Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiru Jiang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Sui
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 201803, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bimeng Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
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Webber MJ. Embracing Simplicity in Biomaterials Design. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2022; 6:100043. [PMID: 36310642 PMCID: PMC9616010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials offer elegant frameworks to uncover mysteries of biology and vital tools to treat diseased or damaged tissues. Complex natural materials in the living world inspire the design of many engineered biomaterial constructs. Yet, complexity in materials design introduces practical, functional, and economic constraints. These challenges point to some virtues for a simplified approach in the design of biomaterials, especially when intended for clinical impact. But what is simplicity, and how can simple synthetic systems interface and intervene with application-specific complexities in the living world? Herein, both the philosophy and inherent benefits of simplicity in biomaterials design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Webber
- University of Notre Dame Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 205B McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 United States of America
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Metronomic Chemotherapy in Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102853. [PMID: 35628979 PMCID: PMC9143236 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium associated with the introduction of novel endocrine therapies, cytotoxic agents, radiopharmaceuticals, and PARP inhibitors, progression of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) beyond treatment options remains the leading cause of death in advanced prostate cancer patients. Metronomic chemotherapy (MC) is an old concept of wise utilization of cytotoxic agents administered continuously and at low doses. The metronomic is unique due to its multidimensional mechanisms of action involving: (i) inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, (ii) inhibition of angiogenesis, (iii) mitigation of tumor-related immunosuppression, (iv) impairment of cancer stem cell functions, and (v) modulation of tumor and host microbiome. MC has been extensively studied in advanced prostate cancer before the advent of novel therapies, and its actual activity in contemporary, heavily pretreated mCRPC patients is unknown. We have conducted a prospective analysis of consecutive cases of mCRPC patients who failed all available standard therapies to find the optimal MC regimen for phase II studies. The metronomic combination of weekly paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 i.v. with capecitabine 1500 mg/d p.o. and cyclophosphamide 50 mg/d p.o. was selected as the preferred regimen for a planned phase II study in heavily pretreated mCRPC patients.
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Liu D, Hofman P. Expression of NOTCH1, NOTCH4, HLA-DMA and HLA-DRA is synergistically associated with T cell exclusion, immune checkpoint blockade efficacy and recurrence risk in ER-negative breast cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:463-477. [PMID: 35543859 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Reliable biomarkers to predict the outcome and treatment response of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer (BC) are urgently needed. Since immune-related signaling plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of ER-negative BC, we asked whether Notch genes, alone or in combination with other immune genes, can be used to predict the clinical outcome and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) for this type of cancer. METHODS We analyzed transcriptome data of 6918 BC samples from five independent cohorts, 81 xenograft triple-negative BC tumors that respond differently to ICB treatment and 754 samples of different cancer types from patients treated with ICB agents. RESULTS We found that among four Notch genes, the expression levels of NOTCH1 and NOTCH4 were positively associated with recurrence of ER-negative BC, and that combined expression of these two genes (named Notch14) further enhanced this association, which was comparable with that of the Notch pathway signature. Analysis of 1182 immune-related genes revealed that the expression levels of most HLA genes, particularly HLA-DMA and -DRA, were reversely associated with recurrence in ER-negative BC with low, but not high Notch14 expression. A combined expression signature of NOTCH1, NOTCH4, HLA-DMA and HLA-DRA was more prognostic for ER-negative and triple-negative BCs than previously reported immune-related signatures. Furthermore, we found that the expression levels of these four genes were also synergistically associated with T cell exclusion score, infiltration of specific T cells and ICB efficacy in ER-negative BC, thereby providing a potential molecular mechanism for the synergistic effect of these genes on BC. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that a gene signature composed of NOTCH1, NOTCH4, HLA-DMA and HLA-DRA may serve as a potential promising biomarker for predicting ICB therapy efficacy and recurrence in ER-negative/triple-negative BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxie Liu
- Bluewater Biotech LLC, PO Box 1010, New Providence, NJ, 07974, USA.
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, CHU Nice, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d'Azur, 06100, Nice, France.
- Team 4, IRCAN, UMR 7284 U10181, FHU OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne University Côte d'Azur, 06107, Nice, France.
- Hospital-Integrated Biobank (BB-0033-00025), CHU Nice, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d'Azur, 06100, Nice, France.
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Ferrero A, Borghese M, Restaino S, Puppo A, Vizzielli G, Biglia N. Predicting Response to Anthracyclines in Ovarian Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4260. [PMID: 35409939 PMCID: PMC8998349 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Anthracyclines are intriguing drugs, representing one of the cornerstones of both first and subsequent-lines of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer (OC). Their efficacy and mechanisms of action are related to the hot topics of OC clinical research, such as BRCA status and immunotherapy. Prediction of response to anthracyclines is challenging and no markers can predict certain therapeutic success. The current narrative review provides a summary of the clinical and biological mechanisms involved in the response to anthracyclines. (2) Methods: A MEDLINE search of the literature was performed, focusing on papers published in the last two decades. (3) Results and Conclusions: BRCA mutated tumors seem to show a higher response to anthracyclines compared to sporadic tumors and the severity of hand-foot syndrome and mucositis may be a predictive marker of PLD efficacy. CA125 can be a misleading marker of clinical response during treatment with anthracyclines, the response of which also appears to depend on OC histology. Immunochemistry, in particular HER-2 expression, could be of some help in predicting the response to such drugs, and high levels of mutated p53 appear after exposure to anthracyclines and impair their antitumor effect. Finally, organoids from OC are promising for drug testing and prediction of response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Ferrero
- Academic Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Torino, Italy;
| | - Martina Borghese
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Stefano Restaino
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Department of Medical Area DAME, Udine University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Andrea Puppo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Vizzielli
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Ospedaliera Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Biglia
- Academic Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Torino, Italy;
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A Target Animal Effectiveness Study on Adjuvant Peptide-Based Vaccination in Dogs with Non-Metastatic Appendicular Osteosarcoma Undergoing Amputation and Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051347. [PMID: 35267655 PMCID: PMC8909565 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite efforts to develop novel treatment strategies, human and canine osteosarcomas continue to have limited overall survival. Spontaneous canine osteosarcoma shares many molecular similarities with humans, and shows the same aggressive disease course, thereby rendering the dog an effective model for the human disease equivalent. In both species, surgery followed by chemotherapy represents the gold standard treatment. Immunotherapy represents a promising treatment modality. A peptide-based anticancer vaccine was administered to 20 dogs with non-metastatic osteosarcoma as an add-on therapy to standard treatment consisting of limb amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy. Endpoints were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combined therapeutic approach. By using a bacterial-based strategy for vaccine development, we report an efficacious induction of an immune response, ultimately translating in improved outcome compared with historical controls receiving standard-of-care treatment. The results of this clinical trial provide promising potential for future management in both humans and dogs with osteosarcoma. Abstract Despite efforts to develop novel treatment strategies, human and canine osteosarcomas continue to have poor prognosis and limited overall survival. The aim of this clinical trial was to test the antitumor effect and safety of multiple dermal administrations of a peptide-based anticancer vaccine in dogs with non-metastatic appendicular osteosarcoma undergoing standard of care (SOC), consisting of limb amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy. Salmonella-infected canine osteosarcoma cells were induced to release immunogenic peptides in the extracellular space via Cx43 hemichannels opening; the secretome was collected and constituted the vaccine. Dogs with non-metastatic appendicular osteosarcoma were eligible for recruitment. Following limb amputation and adjuvant carboplatin, dogs were vaccinated on a monthly basis for six times and followed up with serial thoracic radiographs. A population of dogs undergoing SOC treatment (amputation and adjuvant carboplatin) before the vaccine was available served as controls. Primary endpoints were time to metastasis (TTM) and tumor-specific survival (TSS). Secondary endpoints were feasibility, toxicity, T-cell and humoral immune responses. A total of 20 dogs were vaccinated along with SOC and 34 received SOC only. Vaccine-specific humoral and T-cell responses were observed; their amplitude correlated with TSS. Vaccine-associated toxicity was not recorded. TTM and TSS were significantly longer in vaccinated versus unvaccinated dogs (TTM: 308 vs. 240 days, respectively; p = 0.010; TSS: 621 vs. 278 days, respectively; p = 0.002). In dogs with non-metastatic osteosarcoma undergoing SOC, the addition of a bacteria-based vaccination strategy increased TTM, thereby prolonging survival, while maintaining a safe profile. Additionally, vaccinated dogs developed a long-term tumor-specific response, as documented by the immunomonitoring of these patients over time. These results hold promise for future management of canine osteosarcoma.
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LIGHT enhanced bispecific antibody armed T-cells to treat immunotherapy resistant colon cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:2054-2068. [PMID: 35177811 PMCID: PMC8975745 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are associated with improved patient responses to immunotherapy. As a result, there is interest in enhancing lymphocyte trafficking particularly to colon cancers since the majority are checkpoint blockade-resistant and microsatellite stable. Here, we demonstrate that activated T-cells (ATC) armed with anti-CD3 x anti-EGFR bispecific antibody increases TIL and mediate anti-tumor cytotoxicity while decreasing tumor cell viability. Furthermore, treatment induces endogenous anti-tumor immunity that resisted tumor rechallenge and increased memory T-cell subsets in the tumor. When combined with targeted tumor expression of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily member LIGHT, activated T-cell proliferation and infiltration were further enhanced, and human colorectal tumor regressions were observed. Our data indicate that tumor-targeted armed bispecific antibody increases TIL trafficking and is a potentially potent strategy that can be paired with combination immunotherapy to battle microsatellite stable colon cancer. Significance Enhancing trafficking of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to solid tumors has been shown to improve outcomes. Unfortunately, few strategies have been successful in the clinical setting for solid tumors, particularly for “cold” microsatellite stable colon cancers. In order to address this gap in knowledge, this study combined TNFSF14/LIGHT immunomodulation with a bispecific antibody armed with activated T-cells targeted to the tumor. This unique T-cell trafficking strategy successfully generated anti-tumor immunity in a microsatellite stable colon cancer model, stimulated T-cell infiltration, and holds promise as a combination immunotherapy for treating advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer.
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de Almeida Baptista MV, da Silva LT, Samer S, Oshiro TM, Shytaj IL, Giron LB, Pena NM, Cruz N, Gosuen GC, Ferreira PRA, Cunha-Neto E, Galinskas J, Dias D, Sucupira MCA, de Almeida-Neto C, Salomão R, da Silva Duarte AJ, Janini LM, Hunter JR, Savarino A, Juliano MA, Diaz RS. Immunogenicity of personalized dendritic-cell therapy in HIV-1 infected individuals under suppressive antiretroviral treatment: interim analysis from a phase II clinical trial. AIDS Res Ther 2022; 19:2. [PMID: 35022035 PMCID: PMC8753935 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-021-00426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We developed a personalized Monocyte-Derived Dendritic-cell Therapy (MDDCT) for HIV-infected individuals on suppressive antiretroviral treatment and evaluated HIV-specific T-cell responses. Methods PBMCs were obtained from 10 HIV+ individuals enrolled in trial NCT02961829. Monocytes were differentiated into DCs using IFN-α and GM-CSF. After sequencing each patient’s HIV-1 Gag and determining HLA profiles, autologous Gag peptides were selected based on the predicted individual immunogenicity and used to pulse MDDCs. Three doses of the MDDCT were administered every 15 days. To assess immunogenicity, patients’ cells were stimulated in vitro with autologous peptides, and intracellular IL-2, TNF, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production were measured in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Results The protocol of ex-vivo treatment with IFN-α and GM-CSF was able to induce maturation of MDDCs, as well as to preserve their viability for reinfusion. MDDCT administration was associated with increased expression of IL-2 in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells at 15 and/or 30 days after the first MDDCT administration. Moreover, intracellular TNF and IFN-γ expression was significantly increased in CD4+ T-cells. The number of candidates that increased in vitro the cytokine levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells upon stimulation with Gag peptides from baseline to day 15 and from baseline to day 30 and day 120 after MDDCT was significant as compared to Gag unstimulated response. This was accompanied by an increasing trend in the frequency of polyfunctional T-cells over time, which was visible when considering both cells expressing two and three out of the three cytokines examined. Conclusions MDDC had a mature profile, and this MDDCT promoted in-vitro T-cell immune responses in HIV-infected patients undergoing long-term suppressive antiretroviral treatment. Trial registration NCT02961829: (Multi Interventional Study Exploring HIV-1 Residual Replication: a Step Towards HIV-1 Eradication and Sterilizing Cure, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02961829, posted November 11th, 2016) Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12981-021-00426-z.
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Li Q, Shi Z, Zhang F, Zeng W, Zhu D, Mei L. Symphony of nanomaterials and immunotherapy based on the cancer-immunity cycle. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:107-134. [PMID: 35127375 PMCID: PMC8799879 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Research on cancer and immunity has contributed to the development of several clinically successful immunotherapies. These immunotherapies often act on a single step of the cancer–immunity cycle. In recent years, the discovery of new nanomaterials has dramatically expanded the functions and potential applications of nanomaterials. In addition to acting as drug-delivery platforms, some nanomaterials can induce the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells or regulate the profile and strength of the immune response as immunomodulators. Based on their versatility, nanomaterials may serve as an integrated platform for multiple drugs or therapeutic strategies, simultaneously targeting several steps of the cancer–immunity cycle to enhance the outcome of anticancer immune response. To illustrate the critical roles of nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapies based on cancer–immunity cycle, this review will comprehensively describe the crosstalk between the immune system and cancer, and the current applications of nanomaterials, including drug carriers, ICD inducers, and immunomodulators. Moreover, this review will provide a detailed discussion of the knowledge regarding developing combinational cancer immunotherapies based on the cancer–immunity cycle, hoping to maximize the efficacy of these treatments assisted by nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhaoqing Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Dunwan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 20 84723750
| | - Lin Mei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 20 84723750
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Jary M, Liu W, Yan D, Bai I, Muranyi A, Colle E, Brocheriou I, Turpin A, Radosevic‐Robin N, Bourgoin P, Penault‐Llorca F, Cohen R, Vernerey D, André T, Borg C, Shanmugam K, Svrcek M. The immune microenvironment in patients with mismatch‐repair‐proficient oligometastatic colorectal cancer exposed to chemotherapy: the randomized MIROX GERCOR cohort study. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:2260-2273. [PMID: 34954864 PMCID: PMC9168761 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors, understanding the metastatic microenvironment of proficient mismatch repair/microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) is of paramount importance to both prognostication and the development of more effective novel therapies. In this study, primary and paired metastasis tissue samples were collected from patients with resectable metastatic CRC treated with adjuvant FOLFOX or peri‐operative chemotherapy in the MIROX phase III prospective study. In total, 74 cancer tissues were stained for CD3, CD8, Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3), programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1, invasive front, stromal, intra‐epithelial compartments), and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1, tumor, immune cells). The immune profiling of primary CRC had a limited value to predict the immune context of paired metastases for all markers but CD3+. The expression of CD8 and PD‐L1 was higher in metastases after neoadjuvant FOLFOX. In metastases, both CD3 T cells at the invasive front and PD‐L1 expressions on immune cells were predictive of better disease‐free survival. These results show that the effect of FOLFOX on modifying the immune microenvironment in resected CRC metastases and measurement of PD‐L1 expression and tumor‐infiltrating CD8 T cells in pMMR/MSS metastatic tissue samples could improve treatment strategies of metastatic CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Jary
- Multidisciplinary Group in Oncology (GERCOR) Paris France
- Department of Surgical and Medical Oncology University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Wen‐Wei Liu
- Ventana Medical Systems Inc Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Dongyao Yan
- Ventana Medical Systems Inc Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Isaac Bai
- Ventana Medical Systems Inc Tucson Arizona USA
| | | | - Elise Colle
- Department of Medical Oncology University Hospital of Beaujon Clichy France
| | - Isabelle Brocheriou
- Sorbonne University Department of Pathology Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital Paris France
| | - Anthony Turpin
- Multidisciplinary Group in Oncology (GERCOR) Paris France
- Department of Medical Oncology University Hospital of Lille Lille France
| | | | - Pierre Bourgoin
- Sorbonne University Department of Pathology Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Saint‐Antoine Hospital Paris France
| | | | - Romain Cohen
- Multidisciplinary Group in Oncology (GERCOR) Paris France
- Sorbonne University Department of Medical Oncology Saint‐Antoine Hospital Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Paris France
| | - Dewi Vernerey
- Multidisciplinary Group in Oncology (GERCOR) Paris France
- Methodology and Quality of Life in Oncology Unit Besançon University Hospital Besançon France
- INSERM EFS BFC UMR1098, RIGHT University of Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Interactions hôte‐greffon‐tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique Besançon France
| | - Thierry André
- Multidisciplinary Group in Oncology (GERCOR) Paris France
- Sorbonne University Department of Medical Oncology Saint‐Antoine Hospital Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Paris France
| | - Christophe Borg
- Multidisciplinary Group in Oncology (GERCOR) Paris France
- INSERM EFS BFC UMR1098, RIGHT University of Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Interactions hôte‐greffon‐tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique Besançon France
- Department of Medical Oncology University Hospital of Besançon Besançon France
| | | | - Magali Svrcek
- Multidisciplinary Group in Oncology (GERCOR) Paris France
- Sorbonne University Department of Pathology Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Saint‐Antoine Hospital Paris France
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Role of purinergic system and vitamin D in the anti-cancer immune response. Life Sci 2021; 287:120110. [PMID: 34743945 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
For several years, scientists have recognized that vitamin D plays an important role in mineral and bone homeostasis. It was mostly used to treat osteoporosis and rickets in the past decades. Vitamin D has also been discovered to be modulator of the immune system and may play a role in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, in recent years. Vitamin D interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which has transcriptional imparts and is displayed on a variety of cell types, including those of the immune system, appears to be accountable for the immune-modulating effects. The action of tumor cells and vitamin D were the first to be investigated, but the spotlight is now on immunologic and purinergic systems. We conducted a systematic search in Pub Med as well as Google scholar for studies written in English. Vitamin D, cancer, purinergic signaling, and immune response were among the search words. Vitamin D has the potential to be a useful coadjuvant in cancer therapy and the purinergic system may be a potential treatment target to cancer therapy, according to our findings.
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Lai V, Neshat SY, Rakoski A, Pitingolo J, Doloff JC. Drug delivery strategies in maximizing anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor immunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113920. [PMID: 34384826 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy has been shown to elicit anti-tumor immune response and block tumor angiogenesis distinct from that observed with maximal tolerated dose (MTD) therapy. This review delves into the mechanisms behind anti-tumor immunity and seeks to identify the differential effect of dosing regimens, including daily low-dose and medium-dose intermittent chemotherapy (MEDIC), on both innate and adaptive immune populations involved in observed anti-tumor immune response. Given reports of VEGF/VEGFR blockade antagonizing anti-tumor immunity, drug choice, dose, and selective delivery determined by advanced formulations/vehicles are highlighted as potential sources of innovation for identifying anti-angiogenic modalities that may be combined with metronomic regimens without interrupting key immune players in the anti-tumor response. Engineered drug delivery mechanisms that exhibit extended and local release of anti-angiogenic agents both alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic treatments have also been demonstrated to elicit a potent and potentially systemic anti-tumor immune response, favoring tumor regression and stasis over progression. This review examines this interplay between various cancer models, the host immune response, and select anti-cancer agents depending on drug dosing, scheduling/regimen, and delivery modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sarah Y Neshat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Amanda Rakoski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - James Pitingolo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Joshua C Doloff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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Nava S, Lisini D, Frigerio S, Bersano A. Dendritic Cells and Cancer Immunotherapy: The Adjuvant Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212339. [PMID: 34830221 PMCID: PMC8620771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are immune specialized cells playing a critical role in promoting immune response against antigens, and may represent important targets for therapeutic interventions in cancer. DCs can be stimulated ex vivo with pro-inflammatory molecules and loaded with tumor-specific antigen(s). Protocols describing the specific details of DCs vaccination manufacturing vary widely, but regardless of the employed protocol, the DCs vaccination safety and its ability to induce antitumor responses is clearly established. Many years of studies have focused on the ability of DCs to provide overall survival benefits at least for a selection of cancer patients. Lessons learned from early trials lead to the hypothesis that, to improve the efficacy of DCs-based immunotherapy, this should be combined with other treatments. Thus, the vaccine’s ultimate role may lie in the combinatorial approaches of DCs-based immunotherapy with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, more than in monotherapy. In this review, we address some key questions regarding the integration of DCs vaccination with multimodality therapy approaches for cancer treatment paradigms.
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45
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Suarez-Carmona M, Williams A, Schreiber J, Hohmann N, Pruefer U, Krauss J, Jäger D, Frömming A, Beyer D, Eulberg D, Jungelius JU, Baumann M, Mangasarian A, Halama N. Combined inhibition of CXCL12 and PD-1 in MSS colorectal and pancreatic cancer: modulation of the microenvironment and clinical effects. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002505. [PMID: 34607895 PMCID: PMC8491418 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy in microsatellite stable colorectal or pancreatic cancer has not shown promising results. It has been hypothesized that targeting immunosuppressive molecules like SDF1-alpha/CXCL12 could contribute to immunotherapy and animal models showed promising results on T cell activation and migration in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition. METHODS Here, we describe the successful application of anti-CXCL12 (NOX-A12) in patients with advanced stage pretreated metastatic colorectal and pancreatic cancer (OPERA trial). The treatment consisted of 2 weeks of anti-CXCL12 monotherapy with NOX-A12 followed by combination therapy with pembrolizumab (n=20 patients) until progression or intolerable toxicity had occurred. RESULTS The treatment was safe and well tolerated with 83.8% grade I/II, 15.5% grade III and 0.7% grade V adverse events. Of note, for a majority of patients, time on trial treatment was prolonged compared with their last standard treatment preceding trial participation. Systematic serial biopsies revealed distinct patterns of modulation. Tissue and clinical responses were associated with Th1-like tissue reactivity upon CXCL12 inhibition. A downregulation of a cytokine cassette of interleukin (IL)-2/IL-16/CXCL-10 was associated with tumor resistance and furthermore linked to a rare, CXCL12-associated CD14+CD15+promonocytic population. T cells showed aggregation and directed movement towards the tumor cells in responding tissues. Serum analyses detected homogeneous immunomodulatory patterns in all patients, regardless of tissue responses. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that the combination of CXCL12 inhibition and checkpoint inhibition is safe and grants further exploration of synergistic combinatorial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meggy Suarez-Carmona
- Department of Translational Immunotherapy, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Williams
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jutta Schreiber
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Hohmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Pruefer
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krauss
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Niels Halama
- Department of Translational Immunotherapy, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
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46
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Gulla A, Morelli E, Samur MK, Botta C, Hideshima T, Bianchi G, Fulciniti M, Malvestiti S, Prabhala RH, Talluri S, Wen K, Tai YT, Richardson PG, Chauhan D, Sewastianik T, Carrasco RD, Munshi NC, Anderson KC. Bortezomib induces anti-multiple myeloma immune response mediated by cGAS/STING pathway activation. Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:468-483. [PMID: 34568832 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and has transformed patient outcome. Using in vitro as well as in vivo immunodeficient and immunocompetent murine MM models, we here show that bortezomib also triggers immunogenic cell death (ICD) characterized by exposure of calreticulin on dying MM cells, phagocytosis of tumor cells by dendritic cells, and induction of MM specific immunity. We identify a bortezomib-triggered specific ICD-gene signature associated with better outcome in two independent MM patient cohorts. Importantly, bortezomib stimulates MM cells immunogenicity via activation of cGAS/STING pathway and production of type-I interferons; and STING agonists significantly potentiate bortezomib-induced ICD. Our studies therefore delineate mechanisms whereby bortezomib exerts immunotherapeutic activity, and provide the framework for clinical trials of STING agonists with bortezomib to induce potent tumor-specific immunity and improve patient outcome in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Gulla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mehmet K Samur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Data Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Cirino Botta
- Department of Oncohematology, "Annunziata" Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mariateresa Fulciniti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stefano Malvestiti
- Freiburg University Hospital, Department of Pediatric hematology and Oncology, Germany
| | - Rao H Prabhala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Srikanth Talluri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dharminder Chauhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tomasz Sewastianik
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ruben D Carrasco
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Osteosarcoma in Children: Not Only Chemotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090923. [PMID: 34577623 PMCID: PMC8471047 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most severe bone malignant tumor, responsible for altered osteoid deposition and with a high rate of metastasis. It is characterized by heterogeneity, chemoresistance and its interaction with bone microenvironment. The 5-year survival rate is about 67% for patients with localized OS, while it remains at 20% in case of metastases. The standard therapy for OS patients is represented by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy. The most used chemotherapy regimen for children is the combination of high-dose methotrexate, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. Considered that the necessary administration of high-dose chemotherapy is responsible for a lot of acute and chronic side effects, the identification of novel therapeutic strategies to ameliorate OS outcome and the patients' life expectancy is necessary. In this review we provide an overview on new possible innovative therapeutic strategies in OS.
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48
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Nierop PMH, Höppener DJ, Buisman FE, van der Stok EP, Galjart B, Balachandran VP, Jarnagin WR, Kingham TP, Shia J, Mauer M, Nordlinger B, Julié C, Groot Koerkamp B, Doukas M, Vermeulen PB, Grünhagen DJ, D'Angelica MI, Verhoef C. Preoperative systemic chemotherapy alters the histopathological growth patterns of colorectal liver metastases. J Pathol Clin Res 2021; 8:48-64. [PMID: 34480530 PMCID: PMC8682940 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) are a reliable, reproducible, and strong prognostic biomarker that can be assessed on haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of resected colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Assessment estimates the relative fraction of the tumour-liver interface for each of the three growth patterns; the desmoplastic HGP reflects good prognosis. Whether preoperative chemotherapy affects the HGP is currently unclear. The present international multicentre study evaluates this in an original cohort of 877 consecutive patients treated in the Netherlands, an external validation cohort of 1,203 consecutive patients treated in the USA, and a post hoc analysis from the phase III randomised controlled European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 40983 trial (n = 70). All patients underwent resection of CRLM with or without preoperative systemic chemotherapy. Trial patients were randomised between perioperative chemotherapy and resection or resection alone. HGPs were determined according to consensus guidelines and compared for preoperative treatment status. Data from three separate tumour regression grading systems were available for the trial cohort. These were correlated with HGP stratified for treatment arm. In the original cohort, the average presence of desmoplastic HGP was 43% for chemo-naïve versus 67% for preoperatively treated patients (p < 0.001). A significant association between chemotherapy and desmoplastic HGP was found on multivariable analysis (β [95% confidence interval, CI]: 24.57 [18.28-30.87], p < 0.001). In the validation cohort, the average presence of desmoplastic HGP was 40% for chemo-naïve versus 63% for preoperatively treated patients (p < 0.001). This association remained on multivariable analysis (β [95% CI]: 24.18 [18.70-29.66], p < 0.001). In the EORTC 40983 trial, the average desmoplastic HGP presence was 33% in the resection arm versus 61% in the chemotherapy arm (p = 0.005). Chemotherapy was independently associated with an increase in desmoplastic HGP (β [95% CI]: 23.29 [1.78-44.79], p = 0.022). All three tumour regression gradings were significantly associated with the desmoplastic HGP in the chemotherapy arm (all p < 0.04). None were associated in the resection arm (all p > 0.11). Preoperative chemotherapy induces histopathological changes that alter the HGP of CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter MH Nierop
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal SurgeryErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Diederik J Höppener
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal SurgeryErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Florian E Buisman
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal SurgeryErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eric P van der Stok
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal SurgeryErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Boris Galjart
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal SurgeryErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - William R Jarnagin
- Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - T Peter Kingham
- Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of PathologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | | | - Catherine Julié
- Departments of Surgery and PathologyHospital Ambroise‐ParéParisFrance
| | | | - Michail Doukas
- Department of PathologyErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- Translational Cancer Research Unit (GZA Hospitals and University of Antwerp)AntwerpBelgium
| | - Dirk J Grünhagen
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal SurgeryErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal SurgeryErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Li D, Chen H, Liu H, Schlenk D, Mu J, Lacorte S, Ying GG, Xie L. Anticancer drugs in the aquatic ecosystem: Environmental occurrence, ecotoxicological effect and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 153:106543. [PMID: 33813231 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs are a group of therapeutic agents used to enhance cell death in targeted cell types of neoplasia. Because of frequent use and eventual discharge, they have been often detected in wastewater from pharmaceutical factories and hospitals, domestic wastewater, and surface waters. The occurrence of these drugs in aquatic ecosystems and their effects on aquatic organisms have been poorly characterized. This review focuses on the global occurrence of major classes of anticancer drugs in water and sediments of freshwater ecosystems and their ecotoxicological effects at different biological levels. While the availability of data is fairly limited, concentrations of most anticancer drugs range from < 2 ng/L to 762 µg/L in receiving water, while levels in sediments and sludge vary from 0.25 to 42.5 µg/kg. Their detection frequencies were 58%, 52% (78%) and 59% in hospital wastewater, wastewater treatment plant effluents (influents) and surface water, respectively. Predicted log Kow values of vincristine, imatinib mesylate and tamoxifen are higher than 3 and have estimated half-lives>60 d in waters using quantitative structure-activity relationship models, indicating high potential for persistence and bioaccumulation. Based on a species sensitivity distribution evaluation of 9 compounds, crustaceans are most sensitive to anticancer drugs. The most hazardous compound is cisplatin which has a hazard concentration at the 5th percentile. For Daphnia magna, the acute toxicities of major classes of anticancer drugs are ranked as platinum complexes > endocrine therapy agents > antibiotics > antimetabolite agents > alkylating agents. Using hazard quotient analysis based primarily on the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs), cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, imatinib mesylate, bicalutamide, etoposide and paclitaxel have the highest hazard for aquatic organisms. Further research is needed to identify appropriate chronic endpoints for risk assessment thresholds as well as to better understand the mechanisms of action and the potential multigenerational toxicity, and trophic transfer in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongxing Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongsong Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Jingli Mu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lingtian Xie
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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50
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Dange P, Tyagi S, Juneja R, Seth T, Saxena R. Study of Bone Marrow Lymphocyte Subset in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Lab Physicians 2021; 14:151-156. [PMID: 35982869 PMCID: PMC9381311 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous disorder consisting of clonal expansion of myeloblasts. Tumor immunity plays an important part in the pathobiology of AML. Understanding the components of tumor immunity is important for understanding tumor pathogenesis and the principles of immunotherapy.
Methods We studied 41 patients with AML, for total lymphocyte, CD4 positive helper T cells, CD8 positive cytotoxic T cells, and CD16/56 positive natural killer (NK) cells proportion. Quantification was done on bone marrow aspirate sample by flowcytometry. Whenever available, post induction bone marrow was also analyzed for the lymphocyte subset.
Results No significant difference was noted in the percentage of blasts among the three risk categories: favorable, intermediate, and adverse. However, there was significant difference in the total lymphocyte among the risk stratification groups, being highest in the favorable group and lowest in the adverse group. CD8 positive cytotoxic T cells were significantly less in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APML) cases (p = 0.001). Total lymphocytes were, however, more numerous in APML (p = 0.005). NK cell proportion was not significantly different between APML and non-APML patients.On completion of induction chemotherapy, bone marrow samples for 12 patients could be processed for lymphocyte subset. On comparing the baseline against the post induction bone marrow, it was observed that there was significant increment in the proportion of CD4 positive T lymphocytes (p = 0.046).
Conclusion There is a difference in lymphocyte subset amongst patients with AML. Larger studies including functional aspects are needed to better define the role of lymphocytes in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Dange
- Department of Pathology, Grant Government Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Seema Tyagi
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Richa Juneja
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tulika Seth
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Saxena
- Department of Hematopathology, Medanta Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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