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Baboli R, Cao M, Martin E, Halperin JM, Wu K, Li X. Distinct structural brain network properties in children with familial versus non-familial attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cortex 2024; 179:1-13. [PMID: 39089096 PMCID: PMC11401761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent, inheritable, and heterogeneous childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorders. Children with a hereditary background of ADHD have heightened risk of having ADHD and persistent impairment symptoms into adulthood. These facts suggest distinct familial-specific neuropathological substrates in ADHD that may exist in anatomical components subserving attention and cognitive control processing pathways during development. The objective of this study is to investigate the topological properties of the gray matter (GM) structural brain networks in children with familial ADHD (ADHD-F), non-familial ADHD (ADHD-NF), as well as matched controls. A total of 452 participants were involved, including 132, 165 and 155 in groups of ADHD-F, ADHD-NF and typically developed children, respectively. The GM structural brain network was constructed for each group using graph theoretical techniques with cortical and subcortical structures as nodes and correlations between volume of each pair of the nodes within each group as edges, while controlled for confounding factors using regression analysis. Relative to controls, children in both ADHD-F and ADHD-NF groups showed significantly higher nodal global and nodal local efficiencies in the left caudal middle frontal gyrus. Compared to controls and ADHD-NF, children with ADHD-F showed distinct structural network topological patterns associated with right precuneus (significantly higher nodal global efficiency and significantly higher nodal strength), left paracentral gyrus (significantly higher nodal strength and trend toward significantly higher nodal local efficiency) and left putamen (significantly higher nodal global efficiency and trend toward significantly higher nodal local efficiency). Our results for the first time in the field provide evidence of familial-specific structural brain network alterations in ADHD, that may contribute to distinct clinical/behavioral symptomology and developmental trajectories in children with ADHD-F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Baboli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Elizabeth Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Halperin
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA.
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Michelini G, Carlisi CO, Eaton NR, Elison JT, Haltigan JD, Kotov R, Krueger RF, Latzman RD, Li JJ, Levin-Aspenson HF, Salum GA, South SC, Stanton K, Waldman ID, Wilson S. Where do neurodevelopmental conditions fit in transdiagnostic psychiatric frameworks? Incorporating a new neurodevelopmental spectrum. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:333-357. [PMID: 39279404 PMCID: PMC11403200 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Features of autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, learning disorders, intellectual disabilities, and communication and motor disorders usually emerge early in life and are associated with atypical neurodevelopment. These "neurodevelopmental conditions" are grouped together in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 to reflect their shared characteristics. Yet, reliance on categorical diagnoses poses significant challenges in both research and clinical settings (e.g., high co-occurrence, arbitrary diagnostic boundaries, high within-disorder heterogeneity). Taking a transdiagnostic dimensional approach provides a useful alternative for addressing these limitations, accounting for shared underpinnings across neurodevelopmental conditions, and characterizing their common co-occurrence and developmental continuity with other psychiatric conditions. Neurodevelopmental features have not been adequately considered in transdiagnostic psychiatric frameworks, although this would have fundamental implications for research and clinical practices. Growing evidence from studies on the structure of neurodevelopmental and other psychiatric conditions indicates that features of neurodevelopmental conditions cluster together, delineating a "neurodevelopmental spectrum" ranging from normative to impairing profiles. Studies on shared genetic underpinnings, overlapping cognitive and neural profiles, and similar developmental course and efficacy of support/treatment strategies indicate the validity of this neurodevelopmental spectrum. Further, characterizing this spectrum alongside other psychiatric dimensions has clinical utility, as it provides a fuller view of an individual's needs and strengths, and greater prognostic utility than diagnostic categories. Based on this compelling body of evidence, we argue that incorporating a new neurodevelopmental spectrum into transdiagnostic frameworks has considerable potential for transforming our understanding, classification, assessment, and clinical practices around neurodevelopmental and other psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Michelini
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina O Carlisi
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jed T Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John D Haltigan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Youth Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - James J Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Giovanni A Salum
- Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para a Infância e Adolescência, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kasey Stanton
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Irwin D Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sylia Wilson
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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3
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Yamashita M, Shou Q, Mizuno Y. Unsupervised machine learning for identifying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes based on cognitive function and their implications for brain structure. Psychol Med 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39324400 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724002368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural anomalies in the frontal lobe and basal ganglia have been reported in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, these findings have been not always consistent because of ADHD diversity. This study aimed to identify ADHD subtypes based on cognitive function and find their distinct brain structural characteristics. METHODS Using the data of 656 children with ADHD from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, we applied unsupervised machine learning to identify ADHD subtypes using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Tasks. Moreover, we compared the regional brain volumes between each ADHD subtype and 6601 children without ADHD (non-ADHD). RESULTS Hierarchical cluster analysis automatically classified ADHD into three distinct subtypes: ADHD-A (n = 212, characterized by high-order cognitive ability), ADHD-B (n = 190, characterized by low cognitive control, processing speed, and episodic memory), and ADHD-C (n = 254, characterized by strikingly low cognitive control, working memory, episodic memory, and language ability). Structural analyses revealed that the ADHD-C type had significantly smaller volumes of the left inferior temporal gyrus and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex than the non-ADHD group, and the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex volume was positively correlated with language performance in the ADHD-C type. However, the volumes of the ADHD-A and ADHD-B types were not significantly different from those of the non-ADHD group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the presence of anomalies in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex associated with language deficits in the ADHD-C type. Subtype specificity may explain previous inconsistencies in brain structural anomalies reported in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Yamashita
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Qiulu Shou
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Mizuno
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
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Jiang Y, Mu Y, Xu Z, Liu Q, Wang S, Wang H, Feng J. Identifying individual brain development using multimodality brain network. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1163. [PMID: 39289448 PMCID: PMC11408623 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The cortical development of our brains is in a hierarchical manner and promotes the emergence of large-scale functional hierarchy. However, under interindividual heterogenicity, how the spatiotemporal features of brain networks reflect brain development and mental health remains unclear. Here we collect both resting-state electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Child Mind Institute Biobank to demonstrate that during brain growth, the global dynamic patterns of brain states become more active and the dominant networks shift from sensory to higher-level networks; the individual functional network patterns become more similar to that of adults and their spatial coupling tends to be invariable. Furthermore, the properties of multimodality brain networks are sufficiently robust to identify healthy brain age and mental disorders at specific ages. Therefore, multimodality brain networks provide new insights into the functional development of the brain and a more reliable and reasonable approach for age prediction and individual diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Jiang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yangjiayi Mu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyang Liu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouyan Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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Parlatini V, Bellato A, Murphy D, Cortese S. From neurons to brain networks, pharmacodynamics of stimulant medication for ADHD. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105841. [PMID: 39098738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Stimulants represent the first line pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and are among the most prescribed psychopharmacological treatments. Their mechanism of action at synaptic level has been extensively studied. However, it is less clear how their mechanism of action determines clinically observed benefits. To help bridge this gap, we provide a comprehensive review of stimulant effects, with an emphasis on nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. There is evidence that stimulant-induced modulation of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmission optimizes engagement of task-related brain networks, increases perceived saliency, and reduces interference from the default mode network. An acute administration of stimulants may reduce brain alterations observed in untreated individuals in fronto-striato-parieto-cerebellar networks during tasks or at rest. Potential effects of prolonged treatment remain controversial. Overall, neuroimaging has fostered understanding on stimulant mechanism of action. However, studies are often limited by small samples, short or no follow-up, and methodological heterogeneity. Future studies should address age-related and longer-term effects, potential differences among stimulants, and predictors of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Parlatini
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Alessio Bellato
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Declan Murphy
- Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Samuele Cortese
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; Mind and Neurodevelopment (MiND) Research Group, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Alothman AA, Gadelrab HF, Ebrahim MT, Abo-Eid NF. Examining the effectiveness of a social-play-based programme to reduce symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Saudi elementary school children. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 152:104798. [PMID: 39002203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions in children, and can profoundly affect their social interactions, well-being, and relationships with parents, peers, and teachers. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effectiveness of a social-play-based intervention programme in reducing ADHD symptoms in a sample of 67 Saudi boys aged 8-10 diagnosed with ADHD. METHODS The programme consisted of ten 60-minute sessions of play-based activities, delivered to the experimental group twice weekly for 5 weeks. The control group followed the usual school curriculum. Teachers and parents completed the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form and Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form for all participants at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. RESULTS The experimental group showed a significant reduction in ADHD-associated behavioural problems over time, with moderate to large effect sizes. No significant changes over time were found for the control group. The results were maintained at a 2-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS We recommend incorporating social-play-based activities and skill training into the school context. Reducing ADHD symptoms may improve children's academic performance and perspective on school.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hesham Fathy Gadelrab
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait; Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Mona Tawakkul Ebrahim
- Department of Educational Sciences, College of Education, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naglaa Fathy Abo-Eid
- Department of kindergarten, College of Education, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Toole KP, Frank C. A Young adolescent with undiagnosed ADHD-inattentive presentation and co-morbid anxiety and depression: A case report. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 78:e250-e259. [PMID: 39127589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
This case report discusses a young adolescent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - inattentive presentation, and comorbid anxiety and depression that was not diagnosed until age 13. However, most ADHD is diagnosed before age 12. Anxiety and depression are common comorbidities of ADHD that present in primary care and can mimic the symptoms of ADHD. Due to the shortage of trained pediatric behavioral and mental health specialists, primary care pediatric nurse practitioners often diagnose and manage children and adolescents with ADHD and various comorbid conditions. It is essential to look for red flags in young children, especially in ADHD inattentive presentation, because symptoms are often masked and go unrecognized, undiagnosed, and untreated for years, resulting in academic and social problems causing the child and family stress, frustration, and reduced quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly P Toole
- Xavier University College of Nursing, Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, City of Cincinnati Primary Care, 8330 Ridge Road, Cincinnati, OH 45236, United States of America.
| | - Catherine Frank
- Xavier University College of Nursing, Acute Care Nurse Practitioner, Mercy Health Emergency Departments, United States of America.
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8
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Adams RA, Zor C, Mihalik A, Tsirlis K, Brudfors M, Chapman J, Ashburner J, Paulus MP, Mourão-Miranda J. Voxelwise Multivariate Analysis of Brain-Psychosocial Associations in Adolescents Reveals 6 Latent Dimensions of Cognition and Psychopathology. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:915-927. [PMID: 38588854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence heralds the onset of considerable psychopathology, which may be conceptualized as an emergence of altered covariation between symptoms and brain measures. Multivariate methods can detect such modes of covariation or latent dimensions, but none specifically relating to psychopathology have yet been found using population-level structural brain data. Using voxelwise (instead of parcellated) brain data may strengthen latent dimensions' brain-psychosocial relationships, but this creates computational challenges. METHODS We obtained voxelwise gray matter density and psychosocial variables from the baseline (ages 9-10 years) Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study cohort (N = 11,288) and employed a state-of-the-art segmentation method, sparse partial least squares, and a rigorous machine learning framework to prevent overfitting. RESULTS We found 6 latent dimensions, 4 of which pertain specifically to mental health. The mental health dimensions were related to overeating, anorexia/internalizing, oppositional symptoms (all ps < .002) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms (p = .03). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was related to increased and internalizing symptoms related to decreased gray matter density in dopaminergic and serotonergic midbrain areas, whereas oppositional symptoms were related to increased gray matter in a noradrenergic nucleus. Internalizing symptoms were related to increased and oppositional symptoms to reduced gray matter density in the insular, cingulate, and auditory cortices. Striatal regions featured strongly, with reduced caudate nucleus gray matter in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and reduced putamen gray matter in oppositional/conduct problems. Voxelwise gray matter density generated stronger brain-psychosocial correlations than brain parcellations. CONCLUSIONS Voxelwise brain data strengthen latent dimensions of brain-psychosocial covariation, and sparse multivariate methods increase their psychopathological specificity. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms are associated with opposite gray matter changes in similar cortical and subcortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick A Adams
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Cemre Zor
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agoston Mihalik
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Tsirlis
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mikael Brudfors
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Chapman
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Ashburner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Janaina Mourão-Miranda
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Rodrigues da Silva PH, Leffa DT, Luethi MS, Silva RF, Ferrazza CP, Picon FA, Grevet EH, Bau CHD, Rovaris DL, Razza LB, Caumo W, Camprodon JA, Rohde LAP, Brunoni AR. Baseline brain volume predicts home-based transcranial direct current stimulation effects on inattention in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 177:403-411. [PMID: 39089118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (Hb-tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that utilizes low-intensity electric currents delivered via scalp electrodes to modulate brain activity. It holds significant promise for addressing inattention in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, its effectiveness varies among individuals, and predicting outcomes remains uncertain, partially due to the influence of individual differences in ADHD-related brain anatomy. METHODS We analyzed data from a subsample, composed by twenty-nine adult patients with ADHD, of the Treatment of Inattention Symptoms in Adult Patients with ADHD (TUNED) trial. Fourteen patients underwent active anodal right cathodal left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) Hb-tDCS for 4 weeks and fifteen received sham-related tDCS intervention. Inattention outcome was evaluated at both baseline and endpoint (4th week). Baseline structural measures of the DLPFC, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and subcortical structures, previously associated with ADHD, were quantified. Several linear mixed models, with a three-way interaction between the fixed predictors brain volume or thickness, time, and treatment were calculated. Multiple comparison corrections were applied using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. RESULTS Baseline volume of the left DLPFC regions middle frontal gyrus (t (25) = 3.33, p-adjusted = 0.045, Cohen's d = 1.33, 95% CI = [0.45, 2.19]), inferior frontal gyrus (orbital part) (t (25) = 3.10, p-adjusted = 0.045, Cohen's d = 1.24, 95% CI = [0.37, 2.08]), and of the left ACC supragenual (t (25) = 3.15, p-adjusted = 0.045, Cohen's d = 1.26, 95% CI = [0.39, 2.11]) presented significant association with the inattentive score improvement only in the active tDCS group. More specifically, the smaller these regions were, the more the symptoms improved following anodal right cathodal left DLPFC Hb-tDCS. CONCLUSION Hb-tDCS was associated with greater improvement in brain areas related to attention regulation. Brain MRI can be potentially used to predict clinical response to tDCS in ADHD adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Psiquiatria da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | | | - Matthias S Luethi
- Departamento de Psiquiatria da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- Department of Genetics and Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais B Razza
- Department of Head and Skin, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - André R Brunoni
- Departamento de Psiquiatria da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Luppi AI, Singleton SP, Hansen JY, Jamison KW, Bzdok D, Kuceyeski A, Betzel RF, Misic B. Contributions of network structure, chemoarchitecture and diagnostic categories to transitions between cognitive topographies. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:1142-1161. [PMID: 39103509 PMCID: PMC11410673 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms linking the brain's network structure to cognitively relevant activation patterns remain largely unknown. Here, by leveraging principles of network control, we show how the architecture of the human connectome shapes transitions between 123 experimentally defined cognitive activation maps (cognitive topographies) from the NeuroSynth meta-analytic database. Specifically, we systematically integrated large-scale multimodal neuroimaging data from functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tractography, cortical morphometry and positron emission tomography to simulate how anatomically guided transitions between cognitive states can be reshaped by neurotransmitter engagement or by changes in cortical thickness. Our model incorporates neurotransmitter-receptor density maps (18 receptors and transporters) and maps of cortical thickness pertaining to a wide range of mental health, neurodegenerative, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnostic categories (17,000 patients and 22,000 controls). The results provide a comprehensive look-up table charting how brain network organization and chemoarchitecture interact to manifest different cognitive topographies, and establish a principled foundation for the systematic identification of ways to promote selective transitions between cognitive topographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I Luppi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - S Parker Singleton
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Justine Y Hansen
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Keith W Jamison
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- MILA, Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard F Betzel
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Bogdańska-Chomczyk E, Wojtacha P, Tsai ML, Huang ACW, Kozłowska A. Age-related changes in the architecture and biochemical markers levels in motor-related cortical areas of SHR rats-an ADHD animal model. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1414457. [PMID: 39246601 PMCID: PMC11378348 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1414457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose exact pathophysiology has not been fully understood yet. Numerous studies have suggested disruptions in the cellular architecture and neuronal activity within brain structures of individuals with ADHD, accompanied by imbalances in the immune system, oxidative stress, and metabolism. Methods This study aims to assess two functionally and histologically distinct brain areas involved in motor control and coordination: the motor cortex (MC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Namely, the morphometric analysis of the MC throughout the developmental stages of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto Rats (WKYs). Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the levels and activities of specific immune, oxidative stress, and metabolic markers in the PFC of juvenile and maturing SHRs in comparison to WKYs. Results The most significant MC volume reductions occurred in juvenile SHRs, accompanied by alterations in neuronal density in these brain areas compared to WKYs. Furthermore, juvenile SHRs exhibit heightened levels and activity of various markers, including interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6, serine/threonine-protein mammalian target of rapamycin, RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, glucocorticoid receptor β, malondialdehyde, sulfhydryl groups, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, glucose, fructosamine, iron, lactic acid, alanine, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Discussion Significant changes in the MC morphometry and elevated levels of inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic markers in PFC might be associated with disrupted brain development and maturation in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bogdańska-Chomczyk
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - P Wojtacha
- Department of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M L Tsai
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - A C W Huang
- Department of Psychology, Fo Guang University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - A Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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12
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Kurth F, Schijven D, van den Heuvel OA, Hoogman M, van Rooij D, Stein DJ, Buitelaar JK, Bölte S, Auzias G, Kushki A, Venkatasubramanian G, Rubia K, Bollmann S, Isaksson J, Jaspers‐Fayer F, Marsh R, Batistuzzo MC, Arnold PD, Bressan RA, Stewart SE, Gruner P, Sorensen L, Pan PM, Silk TJ, Gur RC, Cubillo AI, Haavik J, O'Gorman Tuura RL, Hartman CA, Calvo R, McGrath J, Calderoni S, Jackowski A, Chantiluke KC, Satterthwaite TD, Busatto GF, Nigg JT, Gur RE, Retico A, Tosetti M, Gallagher L, Szeszko PR, Neufeld J, Ortiz AE, Ghisleni C, Lazaro L, Hoekstra PJ, Anagnostou E, Hoekstra L, Simpson B, Plessen JK, Deruelle C, Soreni N, James A, Narayanaswamy J, Reddy JY, Fitzgerald J, Bellgrove MA, Salum GA, Janssen J, Muratori F, Vila M, Giral MG, Ameis SH, Bosco P, Remnélius KL, Huyser C, Pariente JC, Jalbrzikowski M, Rosa PG, O'Hearn KM, Ehrlich S, Mollon J, Zugman A, Christakou A, Arango C, Fisher SE, Kong X, Franke B, Medland SE, Thomopoulos SI, Jahanshad N, Glahn DC, Thompson PM, Francks C, Luders E. Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries during neurodevelopment: Associations with age and sex in 4265 children and adolescents. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26754. [PMID: 39046031 PMCID: PMC11267452 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Only a small number of studies have assessed structural differences between the two hemispheres during childhood and adolescence. However, the existing findings lack consistency or are restricted to a particular brain region, a specific brain feature, or a relatively narrow age range. Here, we investigated associations between brain asymmetry and age as well as sex in one of the largest pediatric samples to date (n = 4265), aged 1-18 years, scanned at 69 sites participating in the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) consortium. Our study revealed that significant brain asymmetries already exist in childhood, but their magnitude and direction depend on the brain region examined and the morphometric measurement used (cortical volume or thickness, regional surface area, or subcortical volume). With respect to effects of age, some asymmetries became weaker over time while others became stronger; sometimes they even reversed direction. With respect to sex differences, the total number of regions exhibiting significant asymmetries was larger in females than in males, while the total number of measurements indicating significant asymmetries was larger in males (as we obtained more than one measurement per cortical region). The magnitude of the significant asymmetries was also greater in males. However, effect sizes for both age effects and sex differences were small. Taken together, these findings suggest that cerebral asymmetries are an inherent organizational pattern of the brain that manifests early in life. Overall, brain asymmetry appears to be relatively stable throughout childhood and adolescence, with some differential effects in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Kurth
- School of PsychologyUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University HospitalJenaGermany
| | - D. Schijven
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - O. A. van den Heuvel
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - M. Hoogman
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - D. van Rooij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - D. J. Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - J. K. Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceRadboudumcNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - S. Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied HealthCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia
| | - G. Auzias
- Institut de neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289, Aix‐Marseille Université & CNRSMarseilleFrance
| | - A. Kushki
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Institute for Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - G. Venkatasubramanian
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS)BengaluruIndia
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - K. Rubia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Bollmann
- School of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - J. Isaksson
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - F. Jaspers‐Fayer
- BC Children's Research Institute and the University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - R. Marsh
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - M. C. Batistuzzo
- Department & Institute of PsychiatryUniversity of Sao Paulo, Medical SchoolSao PauloBrazil
- Department of Methods and Techniques in PsychologyPontifical Catholic UniversitySao PauloBrazil
| | - P. D. Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - R. A. Bressan
- Federal University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Instituto Ame Sua MenteSão PauloBrazil
| | - S. E. Stewart
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use ServicesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - P. Gruner
- Department of PsychiatryYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - L. Sorensen
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - P. M. Pan
- Laboratório de Neurociências Integrativas (LINC), Departamento de PsiquiatriaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)São PauloBrazil
- Instituto Nacional de siquiatria do Desenvolvimento (INPD)São PauloBrazil
| | - T. J. Silk
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneAustralia
| | - R. C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Section on Neurodevelopment and Psychosis and the Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - A. I. Cubillo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - J. Haavik
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Division of PsychiatryHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - R. L. O'Gorman Tuura
- Center for MR Research, University Children's Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - C. A. Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - R. Calvo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Neuroscience InstituteHospital ClinicBarcelonaSpain
- School of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - J. McGrath
- Department of PsychiatryTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - S. Calderoni
- IRCCS Stella Maris FoundationPisaItaly
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - A. Jackowski
- Department of PsychiatryUNIFESPSão PauloBrazil
- Department of EducationICT and Learning, Østfold University CollegeHaldenNorway
| | - K. C. Chantiluke
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - T. D. Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Lifespan Brain InstituteUniversity of Pennsylvania & Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - G. F. Busatto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - J. T. Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for ADHD ResearchOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - R. E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, The Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstituteUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - A. Retico
- Pisa DivisionNational Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN)PisaItaly
| | | | - L. Gallagher
- Department of PsychiatryTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- The Hospital for Sick childrenTorontoCanada
- The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - P. R. Szeszko
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)James J. Peters VA Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - J. Neufeld
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
- Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS)UppsalaSweden
| | - A. E. Ortiz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Neuroscience InstituteHospital ClinicBarcelonaSpain
- Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - C. Ghisleni
- Center for MR Research, University Children's Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - L. Lazaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Neuroscience InstituteHospital ClinicBarcelonaSpain
- School of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - P. J. Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Accare Child Study CenterUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - E. Anagnostou
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Temetry School of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - L. Hoekstra
- Karakter University Center for Child and Adolescent PsychiatryNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Center for Cognitive NeuroimagingNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - B. Simpson
- New York State Psychiatric Institute/CUIMCNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - J. K. Plessen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of PsychiatryUniversity Hospital LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - C. Deruelle
- Institut de neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289, Aix‐Marseille Université & CNRSMarseilleFrance
| | - N. Soreni
- Pediatric OCD Consultation ClinicSJHHamiltonCanada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences and Offord Child StudiesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
| | - A. James
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - J. Narayanaswamy
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS)BengaluruIndia
| | - J. Y. Reddy
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS)BengaluruIndia
| | | | - M. A. Bellgrove
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - G. A. Salum
- Graduate Program of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreBrazil
- Child Mind InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - J. Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental HealthHospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAMMadridSpain
| | | | - M. Vila
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Neuroscience InstituteHospital ClinicBarcelonaSpain
| | - M. Garcia Giral
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Neuroscience InstituteHospital ClinicBarcelonaSpain
| | - S. H. Ameis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - P. Bosco
- IRCCS Stella Maris FoundationPisaItaly
| | - K. Lundin Remnélius
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - C. Huyser
- Academic Center Child and Youth PsychiatryLevvelAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAmsterdamUMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. C. Pariente
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core FacilityInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - M. Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - P. G. Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - K. M. O'Hearn
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical CenterWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - S. Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences & Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - J. Mollon
- Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - A. Zugman
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - A. Christakou
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - C. Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of MedicineUniversidad Complutense, CIBERSAMMadridSpain
| | - S. E. Fisher
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - X. Kong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Psychiatry of Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - B. Franke
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - S. E. Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonAustralia
| | - S. I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - N. Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - D. C. Glahn
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - P. M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - C. Francks
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - E. Luders
- School of PsychologyUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS)UppsalaSweden
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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13
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Chen B, Sun W, Yan C. Controllability in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder brains. Cogn Neurodyn 2024; 18:2003-2013. [PMID: 39104674 PMCID: PMC11297865 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-023-10063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of network metrics in exploring brain networks of mental illness is crucial. This study focuses on quantifying a node controllability index (CA-scores) and developing a novel framework for studying the dysfunction of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) brains. By analyzing fMRI data from 143 healthy controls and 102 ADHD patients, the controllability metric reveals distinct differences in nodes (brain regions) and subsystems (functional modules). There are significantly atypical CA-scores in the Rolandic operculum, superior medial orbitofrontal cortex, insula, posterior cingulate gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, precuneus, heschl gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus of ADHD patients. A comparison with measures of connection strength, eigenvector centrality, and topology entropy suggests that the controllability index may be more effective in identifying abnormal regions in ADHD brains. Furthermore, our controllability index could be extended to investigate functional networks associated with other psychiatric disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-023-10063-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weigang Sun
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuankui Yan
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325024 People’s Republic of China
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14
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Lahey BB, Durham EL, Brislin SJ, Barr PB, Dick DM, Moore TM, Pierce BL, Tong L, Reimann GE, Jeong HJ, Dupont RM, Kaczkurkin AN. Mapping potential pathways from polygenic liability through brain structure to psychological problems across the transition to adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:1047-1060. [PMID: 38185921 PMCID: PMC11227600 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used a polygenic score for externalizing behavior (extPGS) and structural MRI to examine potential pathways from genetic liability to conduct problems via the brain across the adolescent transition. METHODS Three annual assessments of child conduct problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems, and internalizing problems were conducted across across 9-13 years of age among 4,475 children of European ancestry in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). RESULTS The extPGS predicted conduct problems in each wave (R2 = 2.0%-2.9%). Bifactor models revealed that the extPRS predicted variance specific to conduct problems (R2 = 1.7%-2.1%), but also variance that conduct problems shared with other measured problems (R2 = .8%-1.4%). Longitudinally, extPGS predicted levels of specific conduct problems (R2 = 2.0%), but not their slope of change across age. The extPGS was associated with total gray matter volume (TGMV; R2 = .4%) and lower TGMV predicted both specific conduct problems (R2 = 1.7%-2.1%) and the variance common to all problems in each wave (R2 = 1.6%-3.1%). A modest proportion of the polygenic liability specific to conduct problems in each wave was statistically mediated by TGMV. CONCLUSIONS Across the adolescent transition, the extPGS predicted both variance specific to conduct problems and variance shared by all measured problems. The extPGS also was associated with TGMV, which robustly predicted conduct problems. Statistical mediation analyses suggested the hypothesis that polygenic variation influences individual differences in brain development that are related to the likelihood of conduct problems during the adolescent transition, justifying new research to test this causal hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter B. Barr
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lin Tong
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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15
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Bandeira CE, Grevet EH, Vitola ES, da Silva BS, Cupertino RB, Picon FA, Ito LT, Tavares MEDA, Rovaris DL, Grimm O, Bau CHD. Exploring Neuroimaging Association Scores in adulthood ADHD and middle-age trajectories. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 176:348-353. [PMID: 38936238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with brain differences in children, but not in adults. A combined evaluation of the regional brain differences could improve statistical power and, consequently, allow the detection of possible effects in adults. Thus, our aim is to verify whether Neuroimaging Association Scores (NAS) are associated with adulthood ADHD and clinical trajectories of the disorder in midlife. Clinical and neuroimaging data were collected for 121 subjects with ADHD (mean age: 47.1 ± 10.5; 43% male) and 82 controls (mean age: 38.2 ± 9.0; 54.9% male). Cases were assessed seven and thirteen years after baseline diagnosis, and their clinical trajectories were classified as stable if they fulfilled ADHD diagnosis in all assessments or unstable if they presented remission and recurrence of symptoms. Neuroimaging data were acquired in the last clinical assessment (thirteen years after baseline) and NAS were calculated as a weighted sum of the associations previously reported by meta-analyses for three types of structural brain modalities: cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume. The NAS for cortical surface area was higher in cases compared to controls. No association was found for NAS and number of symptoms of ADHD or clinical trajectories. The fact that differences were restricted to ADHD diagnostic status suggests a susceptibility effect that is not extended to subtle aspects of the disorder. Our results also suggest that evaluating overall effects may have advantages especially when applied to adult ADHD samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Edom Bandeira
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Developmental Psychiatry, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Schneider Vitola
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos da Silva
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Almeida Picon
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Toshio Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda de Araujo Tavares
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Developmental Psychiatry, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Developmental Psychiatry, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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16
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Li C, Zhang R, Zhou Y, Li T, Qin R, Li L, Yuan X, Wang L, Wang X. Gray matter asymmetry alterations in children and adolescents with comorbid autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2593-2604. [PMID: 38159135 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite the high coexistence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (ASD + ADHD), the underlying neurobiological basis of this disorder remains unclear. Altered brain structural asymmetries have been verified in ASD and ADHD, respectively, making brain asymmetry a candidate for characterizing this coexisting disorder. Here, we measured the gray matter (GM) volume asymmetry in ASD + ADHD versus ASD without ADHD (ASD-only), ADHD without ASD (ADHD-only), and typically developing controls (TDc). High-resolution T1-weighted data from 48 ASD + ADHD, 63 ASD-only, 32 ADHD-only, and 211 matched TDc were included in our study. We also assessed brain-behavior relationships and the effects of age on GM asymmetry. We found that there were both shared and disorder-specific GM volume asymmetry alterations in ASD + ADHD, ASD-only, and ADHD-only compared with TDc. This finding demonstrates that ASD + ADHD is neither an endophenocopy nor an additive pathology of ASD and ADHD, but an entirely different neuroanatomical pathology. In addition, ASD + ADHD displayed altered GM volume asymmetries in the prefrontal regions responsible for executive function and theory of mind compared with ASD-only. We also found significant effects of age on GM asymmetry. The present study may provide structural insights into the neural basis of ASD + ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 Jingba Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yunna Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xianshun Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Physical Examination Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Liu L, Chen D, Huang F, Jia T, Cheng W, Pan M, Zhao M, Bu X, Liao X, Wang Y, Cao M, Qian Q, Feng J. Interference of default mode on attention networks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its association with genetic variants and treatment outcomes. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14900. [PMID: 39145420 PMCID: PMC11325164 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Altered brain functional connectivity has been proposed as the neurobiological underpinnings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the default mode interference hypothesis is one of the most popular neuropsychological models. Here, we explored whether this hypothesis is supported in adults with ADHD and the association with high-risk genetic variants and treatment outcomes. METHODS Voxel-based whole-brain connectome analysis was conducted on resting-state functional MRI data from 84 adults with ADHD and 89 healthy controls to identify functional connectivity substrates corresponding to ADHD-related alterations. The candidate genetic variants and 12-week cognitive behavioral therapy data were leveraged from the same population to assess these associations. RESULTS We detected breakdowns of functional connectivity in the precuneus and left middle temporal gyrus in adults with ADHD, with exact contributions from decreased connectivity within the default mode, dorsal and ventral attention networks, as well as increased connectivity among them with the middle temporal gyrus serving as a crucial 'bridge'. Additionally, significant associations between the altered functional connectivity and genetic variants in both MAOA and MAOB were detected. Treatment restored brain function, with the amelioration of connectivity of the middle temporal gyrus, accompanied by improvements in ADHD core symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the interference of default mode on attention in adults with ADHD and its association with genetic risk variants and clinical management, providing insights into the underlying pathogenesis of ADHD and potential biomarkers for treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Di Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Mental Health Education and Counselling Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Pan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhong Liao
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Miao Cao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Gao Y, Staginnus M. Cortical structure and subcortical volumes in conduct disorder: a coordinated analysis of 15 international cohorts from the ENIGMA-Antisocial Behavior Working Group. Lancet Psychiatry 2024; 11:620-632. [PMID: 39025633 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conduct disorder is associated with the highest burden of any mental disorder in childhood, yet its neurobiology remains unclear. Inconsistent findings limit our understanding of the role of brain structure alterations in conduct disorder. This study aims to identify the most robust and replicable brain structural correlates of conduct disorder. METHODS The ENIGMA-Antisocial Behavior Working Group performed a coordinated analysis of structural MRI data from 15 international cohorts. Eligibility criteria were a mean sample age of 18 years or less, with data available on sex, age, and diagnosis of conduct disorder, and at least ten participants with conduct disorder and ten typically developing participants. 3D T1-weighted MRI brain scans of all participants were pre-processed using ENIGMA-standardised protocols. We assessed group differences in cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volumes using general linear models, adjusting for age, sex, and total intracranial volume. Group-by-sex and group-by-age interactions, and DSM-subtype comparisons (childhood-onset vs adolescent-onset, and low vs high levels of callous-unemotional traits) were investigated. People with lived experience of conduct disorder were not involved in this study. FINDINGS We collated individual participant data from 1185 young people with conduct disorder (339 [28·6%] female and 846 [71·4%] male) and 1253 typically developing young people (446 [35·6%] female and 807 [64·4%] male), with a mean age of 13·5 years (SD 3·0; range 7-21). Information on race and ethnicity was not available. Relative to typically developing young people, the conduct disorder group had lower surface area in 26 cortical regions and lower total surface area (Cohen's d 0·09-0·26). Cortical thickness differed in the caudal anterior cingulate cortex (d 0·16) and the banks of the superior temporal sulcus (d -0·13). The conduct disorder group also had smaller amygdala (d 0·13), nucleus accumbens (d 0·11), thalamus (d 0·14), and hippocampus (d 0·12) volumes. Most differences remained significant after adjusting for ADHD comorbidity or intelligence quotient. No group-by-sex or group-by-age interactions were detected. Few differences were found between DSM-defined conduct disorder subtypes. However, individuals with high callous-unemotional traits showed more widespread differences compared with controls than those with low callous-unemotional traits. INTERPRETATION Our findings provide robust evidence of subtle yet widespread brain structural alterations in conduct disorder across subtypes and sexes, mostly in surface area. These findings provide further evidence that brain alterations might contribute to conduct disorder. Greater consideration of this under-recognised disorder is needed in research and clinical practice. FUNDING Academy of Medical Sciences and Economic and Social Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Gao
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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19
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Coelho DRA, Renet C, López-Rodríguez S, Cassano P, Vieira WF. Transcranial photobiomodulation for neurodevelopmental disorders: a narrative review. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1609-1623. [PMID: 39009808 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Down syndrome (DS) significantly impact social, communicative, and behavioral functioning. Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) with near-infrared light is a promising non-invasive neurostimulation technique for neuropsychiatric disorders, including NDDs. This narrative review aimed to examine the preclinical and clinical evidence of photobiomodulation (PBM) in treating NDDs. METHODS A comprehensive search across six databases was conducted, using a combination of MeSH terms and title/abstract keywords: "photobiomodulation", "PBM", "neurodevelopmental disorders", "NDD", and others. Studies applying PBM to diagnosed NDD cases or animal models replicating NDDs were included. Protocols, reviews, studies published in languages other than English, and studies not evaluating clinical or cognitive outcomes were excluded. RESULTS Nine studies were identified, including one preclinical and eight clinical studies (five on ASD, two on ADHD, and one on DS). The reviewed studies encompassed various t-PBM parameters (wavelengths: 635-905 nm) and targeted primarily frontal cortex areas. t-PBM showed efficacy in improving disruptive behavior, social communication, cognitive rigidity, sleep quality, and attention in ASD; in enhancing attention in ADHD; and in improving motor skills and verbal fluency in DS. Minimal adverse effects were reported. Proposed mechanisms involve enhanced mitochondrial function, modulated oxidative stress, and reduced neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS t-PBM emerges as a promising intervention for NDDs, with potential therapeutic effects across ASD, ADHD, and DS. These findings underscore the need for further research, including larger-scale, randomized sham-controlled clinical trials with comprehensive biomarker analyses, to optimize treatment parameters and understand the underlying mechanisms associated with the effects of t-PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Richer Araujo Coelho
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Christian Renet
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergi López-Rodríguez
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Carlos III Health Institute, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Cassano
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Willians Fernando Vieira
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Laatsch J, Stein F, Maier S, Matthies S, Sobanski E, Alm B, Tebartz van Elst L, Krug A, Philipsen A. Neural correlates of inattention in adults with ADHD. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01872-2. [PMID: 39073447 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In the last two decades, numerous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have examined differences in cortical structure between individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls. These studies primarily emphasized alterations in gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness (CT). Still, the scientific literature is notably scarce in regard to investigating associations of cortical structure with ADHD psychopathology, specifically inattention within adults with ADHD. The present study aimed to elucidate neurobiological underpinnings of inattention beyond GMV and CT by including cortical gyrification, sulcal depth, and fractal dimension. Building upon the Comparison of Methylphenidate and Psychotherapy in Adult ADHD Study (COMPAS), cortical structure parameters were investigated using 141 T1-weighted anatomical scans of adult patients with ADHD. All brain structural analyses were performed using the threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE) approach and the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12) integrated into the Statistical Parametric Mapping Software (Matlab Version R2021a). Results revealed significant correlations of inattention in multiple brain regions. Cortical gyrification was negatively correlated, whereas cortical thickness and fractal dimension were positively associated with inattention. The clusters showed widespread distribution across the cerebral cortex, with both hemispheres affected. The cortical regions most prominently affected included the precuneus, para-, pre-, and postcentral gyri, superior parietal lobe, and posterior cingulate cortex. This study highlights the importance of cortical alterations in attentional processes in adults with ADHD. Further research in this area is warranted to elucidate intricacies of inattention in adults with ADHD to potentially enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Laatsch
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Swantje Matthies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Esther Sobanski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Alm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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van der Es T, Soheili-Nezhad S, Roth Mota N, Franke B, Buitelaar J, Sprooten E. Exploring the genetic architecture of brain structure and ADHD using polygenic neuroimaging-derived scores. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024:e32987. [PMID: 39016115 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have provided valuable insights into the genetic basis of neuropsychiatric disorders and highlighted their complexity. Careful consideration of the polygenicity and complex genetic architecture could aid in the understanding of the underlying brain mechanisms. We introduce an innovative approach to polygenic scoring, utilizing imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) to predict a clinical phenotype. We leveraged IDP GWAS data from the UK Biobank, to create polygenic imaging-derived scores (PIDSs). As a proof-of-concept, we assessed genetic variations in brain structure between individuals with ADHD and unaffected controls across three NeuroIMAGE waves (n = 954). Out of the 94 PIDS, 72 exhibited significant associations with their corresponding IDPs in an independent sample. Notably, several global measures, including cerebellum white matter, cerebellum cortex, and cerebral white matter, displayed substantial variance explained for their respective IDPs, ranging from 3% to 5.7%. Conversely, the associations between each IDP and the clinical ADHD phenotype were relatively weak. These findings highlight the growing power of GWAS in structural neuroimaging traits, enabling the construction of polygenic scores that accurately reflect the underlying polygenic architecture. However, to establish robust connections between PIDS and behavioral or clinical traits such as ADHD, larger samples are needed. Our novel approach to polygenic risk scoring offers a valuable tool for researchers in the field of psychiatric genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim van der Es
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Nina Roth Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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22
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Jakobi B, Cimetti C, Mulder D, Vlaming P, Franke B, Hoogman M, Arias-Vasquez A. The Role of Diet and the Gut Microbiota in Reactive Aggression and Adult ADHD-An Exploratory Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:2174. [PMID: 39064617 PMCID: PMC11279949 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition, of-ten persistent into adulthood and accompanied by reactive aggression. Associations of diet and the gut-microbiome with ADHD as well as emotional behaviors suggest potential clinical rele-vance of both. However, studies on diet and the gut-microbiome in human reactive aggression are lacking, and should investigate the interaction between diet and the gut-microbiome leading to behavioral changes to assess their potential clinical relevance. In this study, we investigated the interaction of diet and gut-microbiota with adult ADHD and reactive aggression in 77 adults with ADHD and 76 neurotypical individuals. We studied the relationships of ADHD and reactive ag-gression with dietary patterns, bacterial community and taxonomic differences of 16S-sequenced fecal microbiome samples, and potential mediating effects of bacterial genus abundance on signifi-cant diet-behavior associations. The key findings include: (1) An association of high-energy intake with reactive aggeression scores (pFDR = 4.01 × 10-02); (2) Significant associations of several genera with either reactive aggression or ADHD diagnosis with no overlap; and (3) No significant mediation effects of the selected genera on the association of reactive aggression with the high-energy diet. Our results suggest that diet and the microbiome are linked to reactive aggression and/or ADHD individually, and highlight the need to further study the way diet and the gut-microbiome inter-act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babette Jakobi
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (P.V.); (B.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Cimetti
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (P.V.); (B.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Danique Mulder
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (P.V.); (B.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Priscilla Vlaming
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (P.V.); (B.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (P.V.); (B.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (P.V.); (B.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.J.); (C.C.); (D.M.); (P.V.); (B.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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23
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Isfandnia F, El Masri S, Radua J, Rubia K. The effects of chronic administration of stimulant and non-stimulant medications on executive functions in ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105703. [PMID: 38718988 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with executive function deficits that are improved with medications. However, meta-analyses of stimulant effects on cognition have mostly tested single-dose effects, and there is no meta-analysis of non-stimulant effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis tested the clinically more relevant longer-term effects of Methylphenidate (20 studies; minimum 1 week) and Atomoxetine (8 studies; minimum 3 weeks) on reaction time, attention, inhibition, and working memory, searching papers on PubMed, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. The meta-analysis of 18 studies in 1667 subjects showed that methylphenidate was superior to placebo in all cognitive domains with small to medium effect sizes (Hedges g of 0.34-0.59). The meta-analysis of atomoxetine included 7 studies in 829 subjects and showed no effects in working memory, but superior effects in the other domains with medium to large effect sizes (Hedge's g of 0.36-0.64). Meta-regression analysis showed no drug differences on cognitive effects. The meta-analyses show for the first time that chronic Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine have comparable effects of improving executive functions in people with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdous Isfandnia
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Sahid El Masri
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Germany.
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Germany.
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24
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Greenfield MS, Wang Y, Hamilton JP, Thunberg P, Msghina M. Emotional dysregulation and stimulant medication in adult ADHD. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2024; 49:E242-E251. [PMID: 39122408 PMCID: PMC11318975 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.240009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional dysregulation affects up to two-thirds of adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and is increasingly seen as a core ADHD symptom that is clinically associated with greater functional impairment and psychiatric comorbidity. We sought to investigate emotional dysregulation in ADHD and explored its neural underpinnings. METHODS We studied emotion induction and regulation in a clinical cohort of adult patients with ADHD before and after a stimulant challenge. We compared patients with age- and gender-matched healthy controls using behavioural, structural, and functional measures. We hypothesized that patients would demonstrate aberrant emotion processing compared with healthy controls, and sought to find whether this could be normalized by stimulant medication. RESULTS Behaviourally, the ADHD group showed reduced emotion induction and regulation capacity. Brain imaging revealed abberant activation and deactivation patterns during emotion regulation, lower grey-matter volume in limbic and paralimbic areas, and greater grey-matter volume in visual and cerebellar areas, compared with healthy controls. The behavioural and functional deficits seen in emotion induction and regulation in the ADHD group were not normalized by stimulant medication. CONCLUSION Patients with ADHD may have impaired emotion induction and emotion regulation capacity, but these deficits are not reversed by stimulant medication. These results have important clinical implications when assessing which aspects of emotional dysregulation are relevant for patients and if and how traditional ADHD pharmacotherapy affects emotion induction and emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Sklivanioti Greenfield
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Sklivanioti Greenfield, Msghina); the Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Wang); Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (Wang); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hamilton); the Department for Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Thunberg); the Center for Experimental and Biomedical Imaging in Örebro, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Thunberg); and the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Msghina)
| | - Yanlu Wang
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Sklivanioti Greenfield, Msghina); the Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Wang); Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (Wang); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hamilton); the Department for Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Thunberg); the Center for Experimental and Biomedical Imaging in Örebro, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Thunberg); and the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Msghina)
| | - J Paul Hamilton
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Sklivanioti Greenfield, Msghina); the Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Wang); Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (Wang); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hamilton); the Department for Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Thunberg); the Center for Experimental and Biomedical Imaging in Örebro, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Thunberg); and the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Msghina)
| | - Per Thunberg
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Sklivanioti Greenfield, Msghina); the Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Wang); Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (Wang); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hamilton); the Department for Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Thunberg); the Center for Experimental and Biomedical Imaging in Örebro, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Thunberg); and the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Msghina)
| | - Mussie Msghina
- From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Sklivanioti Greenfield, Msghina); the Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Wang); Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (Wang); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hamilton); the Department for Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Thunberg); the Center for Experimental and Biomedical Imaging in Örebro, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Thunberg); and the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Msghina)
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25
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Wu F, Zhang W, Ji W, Zhang Y, Jiang F, Li G, Hu Y, Wei X, Wang H, Wang SYA, Manza P, Tomasi D, Volkow ND, Gao X, Wang GJ, Zhang Y. Stimulant medications in children with ADHD normalize the structure of brain regions associated with attention and reward. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1330-1340. [PMID: 38409281 PMCID: PMC11224385 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Children with ADHD show abnormal brain function and structure. Neuroimaging studies found that stimulant medications may improve brain structural abnormalities in children with ADHD. However, prior studies on this topic were conducted with relatively small sample sizes and wide age ranges and showed inconsistent results. In this cross-sectional study, we employed latent class analysis and linear mixed-effects models to estimate the impact of stimulant medications using demographic, clinical measures, and brain structure in a large and diverse sample of children aged 9-11 from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. We studied 273 children with low ADHD symptoms and received stimulant medication (Stim Low-ADHD), 1002 children with high ADHD symptoms and received no medications (No-Med ADHD), and 5378 typically developing controls (TDC). After controlling for the covariates, compared to Stim Low-ADHD and TDC, No-Med ADHD showed lower cortical thickness in the right insula (INS, d = 0.340, PFDR = 0.003) and subcortical volume in the left nucleus accumbens (NAc, d = 0.371, PFDR = 0.003), indicating that high ADHD symptoms were associated with structural abnormalities in these brain regions. In addition, there was no difference in brain structural measures between Stim Low-ADHD and TDC children, suggesting that the stimulant effects improved both ADHD symptoms and ADHD-associated brain structural abnormalities. These findings together suggested that children with ADHD appear to have structural abnormalities in brain regions associated with saliency and reward processing, and treatment with stimulant medications not only improve the ADHD symptoms but also normalized these brain structural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Weibin Ji
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Fukun Jiang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Xiaorong Wei
- Kindergarten affiliated to Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Haoyi Wang
- College of Westa, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Szu-Yung Ariel Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xinbo Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 400064, China
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China.
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China.
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26
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Koerner S, Staginnus M, Cornwell H, Smaragdi A, González-Madruga K, Pauli R, Rogers JC, Gao Y, Chester S, Townend S, Bernhard A, Martinelli A, Kohls G, Raschle NM, Konrad K, Stadler C, Freitag CM, De Brito SA, Fairchild G. Does the Relationship between Age and Brain Structure Differ in Youth with Conduct Disorder? Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:1135-1146. [PMID: 38557727 PMCID: PMC11217071 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD) is characterised by persistent antisocial and aggressive behaviour and typically emerges in childhood or adolescence. Although several authors have proposed that CD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, very little evidence is available about brain development in this condition. Structural brain alterations have been observed in CD, and some indirect evidence for delayed brain maturation has been reported. However, no detailed analysis of age-related changes in brain structure in youth with CD has been conducted. Using cross-sectional MRI data, this study aimed to explore differences in brain maturation in youth with CD versus healthy controls to provide further understanding of the neurodevelopmental processes underlying CD. 291 CD cases (153 males) and 379 healthy controls (160 males) aged 9-18 years (Mage = 14.4) were selected from the European multisite FemNAT-CD study. Structural MRI scans were analysed using surface-based morphometry followed by application of the ENIGMA quality control protocols. An atlas-based approach was used to investigate group differences and test for group-by-age and group-by-age-by-sex interactions in cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes. Relative to healthy controls, the CD group showed lower surface area across frontal, temporal and parietal regions as well as lower total surface area. No significant group-by-age or group-by-age-by-sex interactions were observed on any brain structure measure. These findings suggest that CD is associated with lower surface area across multiple cortical regions, but do not support the idea that CD is associated with delayed brain maturation, at least within the age bracket considered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Koerner
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Pauli
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jack C Rogers
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yidian Gao
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sally Chester
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Anka Bernhard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Anne Martinelli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
- School of Psychology, Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gregor Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nora Maria Raschle
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Centre Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- JARA- Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen and Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Christina Stadler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Stephane A De Brito
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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27
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Duan H, Shi R, Kang J, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland PA, Heinz A, Brühl R, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Holz N, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Vaidya N, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Lin X, Feng J. Population clustering of structural brain aging and its association with brain development. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.09.24301030. [PMID: 38260410 PMCID: PMC10802651 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.24301030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Structural brain aging has demonstrated strong inter-individual heterogeneity and mirroring patterns with brain development. However, due to the lack of large-scale longitudinal neuroimaging studies, most of the existing research focused on the cross-sectional changes of brain aging. In this investigation, we present a data-driven approach that incorporate both cross-sectional changes and longitudinal trajectories of structural brain aging and identified two brain aging patterns among 37,013 healthy participants from UK Biobank. Participants with accelerated brain aging also demonstrated accelerated biological aging, cognitive decline and increased genetic susceptibilities to major neuropsychiatric disorders. Further, by integrating longitudinal neuroimaging studies from a multi-center adolescent cohort, we validated the "last in, first out" mirroring hypothesis and identified brain regions with manifested mirroring patterns between brain aging and brain development. Genomic analyses revealed risk loci and genes contributing to accelerated brain aging and delayed brain development, providing molecular basis for elucidating the biological mechanisms underlying brain aging and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojing Duan
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Runye Shi
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jujiao Kang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Penny A Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry", Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthélémy Durand, Etampes; France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry", Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry", Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthélémy Durand, Etampes; France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS Centre), ISTBI, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaolei Lin
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Institute of Medicine, Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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28
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Jiang Y, Palaniyappan L, Luo C, Chang X, Zhang J, Tang Y, Zhang T, Li C, Zhou E, Yu X, Li W, An D, Zhou D, Huang CC, Tsai SJ, Lin CP, Cheng J, Wang J, Yao D, Cheng W, Feng J. Neuroimaging epicenters as potential sites of onset of the neuroanatomical pathology in schizophrenia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6063. [PMID: 38865456 PMCID: PMC11168466 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia lacks a clear definition at the neuroanatomical level, capturing the sites of origin and progress of this disorder. Using a network-theory approach called epicenter mapping on cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging from 1124 individuals with schizophrenia, we identified the most likely "source of origin" of the structural pathology. Our results suggest that the Broca's area and adjacent frontoinsular cortex may be the epicenters of neuroanatomical pathophysiology in schizophrenia. These epicenters can predict an individual's response to treatment for psychosis. In addition, cross-diagnostic similarities based on epicenter mapping over of 4000 individuals diagnosed with neurological, neurodevelopmental, or psychiatric disorders appear to be limited. When present, these similarities are restricted to bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We provide a comprehensive framework linking schizophrenia-specific epicenters to multiple levels of neurobiology, including cognitive processes, neurotransmitter receptors and transporters, and human brain gene expression. Epicenter mapping may be a reliable tool for identifying the potential onset sites of neural pathophysiology in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Jiang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation (2019RU035), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiao Chang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Enpeng Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Dongmei An
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation (2019RU035), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Fudan ISTBI—ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
- Fudan ISTBI—ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, PR China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Rubia K. Network Connection Issues in ADHD. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:479-481. [PMID: 38822583 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20240319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neurosciences, King's College London
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30
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van der Pal Z, Walhovd KB, Amlien IK, Guichelaar CJ, Kaiser A, Bottelier MA, Geurts HM, Reneman L, Schrantee A. Stimulant medication use and apparent cortical thickness development in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a prospective longitudinal study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1365159. [PMID: 38774436 PMCID: PMC11107082 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1365159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stimulant medication is commonly prescribed as treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While we previously found that short-term stimulant-treatment influences apparent cortical thickness development in an age-dependent manner, it remains unknown whether these effects persist throughout development into adulthood. Purpose Investigate the long-term age-dependent effects of stimulant medication use on apparent cortical thickness development in adolescents and adults previously diagnosed with ADHD. Methods This prospective study included the baseline and 4-year follow-up assessment of the "effects of Psychotropic drugs On the Developing brain-MPH" ("ePOD-MPH") project, conducted between June-1-2011 and December-28-2019. The analyses were pre-registered (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/32BHF). T1-weighted MR scans were obtained from male adolescents and adults, and cortical thickness was estimated for predefined regions of interest (ROIs) using Freesurfer. We determined medication use and assessed symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, and depression at both time points. Linear mixed models were constructed to assess main effects and interactions of stimulant medication use, time, and age group on regional apparent cortical thickness. Results A total of 32 male adolescents (aged mean ± SD, 11.2 ± 0.9 years at baseline) and 24 men (aged mean ± SD, 29.9 ± 5.0 years at baseline) were included that previously participated in the ePOD-MPH project. We found no evidence for long-term effects of stimulant medication use on ROI apparent cortical thickness. As expected, we did find age-by-time interaction effects in all ROIs (left prefrontal ROI: P=.002, right medial and posterior ROIs: P<.001), reflecting reductions in apparent cortical thickness in adolescents. Additionally, ADHD symptom severity (adolescents: P<.001, adults: P=.001) and anxiety symptoms (adolescents: P=0.03) were reduced, and more improvement of ADHD symptoms was associated with higher medication use in adults (P=0.001). Conclusion We found no evidence for long-term effects of stimulant-treatment for ADHD on apparent cortical thickness development in adolescents and adults. The identified age-dependent differences in apparent cortical thickness development are consistent with existing literature on typical cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarah van der Pal
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kristine B. Walhovd
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K. Amlien
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Antonia Kaiser
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- CIBM, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco A. Bottelier
- Accare, Centre for Academic Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMC) Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hilde M. Geurts
- Division of Brain & Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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31
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Baweja R, Faraone SV, Childress AC, Weiss MD, Loo SK, Wilens TE, Waxmonsky JG. From Consensus Statement to Pills to Pixels: New Innovations in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Care. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2024; 34:167-182. [PMID: 38686563 PMCID: PMC11302246 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2024.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: This review aims to present recent innovations and advancements in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) care, encompassing international consensus statement, new medication formulations, digital therapeutics, and neurostimulation devices. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of relevant articles published in the past five years was conducted, emphasizing the evidence base, efficacy, safety, and practical implications of these advancements. Results: The World Federation of ADHD Consensus Statement offers an updated diagnostic and treatment framework rooted in global scientific evidence. There are several newer ADHD medication formulations, including a nonstimulant (Viloxazine extended release) and the first transdermal amphetamine patch approved to treat ADHD. These options offer some unique benefits to personalize treatment based on symptom profile, lifestyle, preferences, and response. Digital tools offer additional means to restructure environments for individuals with ADHD, reducing impairment and reliance on others. In addition, digital therapeutics enhance access, affordability, personalization, and feasibility of ADHD care, complementing or augmenting existing interventions. Trigeminal nerve stimulation emerges as a well-tolerated nonpharmacological, device-based treatment for pediatric ADHD, with initial trials indicating effect sizes comparable to nonstimulant medications. Conclusions: These innovations in ADHD care represent clinically significant new treatment options and opportunities for personalized care. Health care professionals should integrate these developments into clinical practice, mindful of individual patient and family needs and preferences. Future research should assess long-term outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and acceptability of these innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Baweja
- Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Ann C. Childress
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Margaret D. Weiss
- Los Angeles Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandra K. Loo
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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32
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Predescu E, Vaidean T, Rapciuc AM, Sipos R. Metabolomic Markers in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Children and Adolescents-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4385. [PMID: 38673970 PMCID: PMC11050195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), characterized by clinical diversity, poses diagnostic challenges often reliant on subjective assessments. Metabolomics presents an objective approach, seeking biomarkers for precise diagnosis and targeted interventions. This review synthesizes existing metabolomic insights into ADHD, aiming to reveal biological mechanisms and diagnostic potentials. A thorough PubMed and Web of Knowledge search identified studies exploring blood/urine metabolites in ADHD-diagnosed or psychometrically assessed children and adolescents. Synthesis revealed intricate links between ADHD and altered amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter dysregulation (especially dopamine and serotonin), oxidative stress, and the kynurenine pathway impacting neurotransmitter homeostasis. Sleep disturbance markers, notably in melatonin metabolism, and stress-induced kynurenine pathway activation emerged. Distinct metabolic signatures, notably in the kynurenine pathway, show promise as potential diagnostic markers. Despite limitations like participant heterogeneity, this review underscores the significance of integrated therapeutic approaches targeting amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitters, and stress pathways. While guiding future research, this overview of the metabolomic findings in ADHD suggests directions for precision diagnostics and personalized ADHD interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Predescu
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychiatry, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 57 Republicii Street, 400489 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Tudor Vaidean
- Clinic of Pediatric Psychiatry and Addiction, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 57 Republicii Street, 400489 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andreea-Marlena Rapciuc
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Clinical Hospital Cluj, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Roxana Sipos
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychiatry, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 57 Republicii Street, 400489 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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33
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Shastri GG, Sudre G, Ahn K, Jung B, Kolachana B, Auluck PK, Elnitski L, Marenco S, Shaw P. Cortico-striatal differences in the epigenome in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:189. [PMID: 38605038 PMCID: PMC11009227 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
While epigenetic modifications have been implicated in ADHD through studies of peripheral tissue, to date there has been no examination of the epigenome of the brain in the disorder. To address this gap, we mapped the methylome of the caudate nucleus and anterior cingulate cortex in post-mortem tissue from fifty-eight individuals with or without ADHD. While no single probe showed adjusted significance in differential methylation, several differentially methylated regions emerged. These regions implicated genes involved in developmental processes including neurogenesis and the differentiation of oligodendrocytes and glial cells. We demonstrate a significant association between differentially methylated genes in the caudate and genes implicated by GWAS not only in ADHD but also in autistic spectrum, obsessive compulsive and bipolar affective disorders through GWAS. Using transcriptomic data available on the same subjects, we found modest correlations between the methylation and expression of genes. In conclusion, this study of the cortico-striatal methylome points to gene and gene pathways involved in neurodevelopment, consistent with studies of common and rare genetic variation, as well as the post-mortem transcriptome in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri G Shastri
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gustavo Sudre
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kwangmi Ahn
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Jung
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kolachana
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pavan K Auluck
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Laura Elnitski
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stefano Marenco
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Philip Shaw
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Dijkzeul A, Tiemeier H, Muetzel RL, Labrecque JA. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and brain morphology: Addressing potential selection bias with inverse probability weighting. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26562. [PMID: 38590154 PMCID: PMC11002333 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine what happens to established associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and cortical surface and thickness regions once we apply inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) to address potential selection bias. Moreover, we illustrate how different factors that predict participation contribute to potential selection bias. Participants were 9- to 11-year-old children from the Generation R study (N = 2707). Cortical area and thickness were measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ADHD symptoms with the Child Behavior Checklist. We examined how associations between ADHD symptoms and brain morphology change when we weight our sample back to either follow-up (ages 9-11), baseline (cohort at birth), or eligible (population of Rotterdam at time of recruitment). Weights were derived using IPCW or raking and missing predictors of participation used to estimate weights were imputed. Weighting analyses to baseline and eligible increased beta coefficients for the middle temporal gyrus surface area, as well as fusiform gyrus cortical thickness. Alternatively, the beta coefficient for the rostral anterior cingulate decreased. Removing one group of variables used for estimating weights resulted in the weighted regression coefficient moving closer to the unweighted regression coefficient. In addition, we found considerably different beta coefficients for most surface area regions and all thickness measures when we did not impute missing covariate data. Our findings highlight the importance of using inverse probability weighting (IPW) in the neuroimaging field, especially in the context of mental health-related research. We found that including all variables related to exposure-outcome in the IPW model and combining IPW with multiple imputations can help reduce bias. We encourage future psychiatric neuroimaging studies to define their target population, collect information on eligible but not included participants and use inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) to reduce selection bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet Dijkzeul
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryErasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryErasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ryan L. Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryErasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jeremy A. Labrecque
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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35
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Reimann GE, Jeong HJ, Durham EL, Archer C, Moore TM, Berhe F, Dupont RM, Kaczkurkin AN. Gray matter volume associations in youth with ADHD features of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26589. [PMID: 38530121 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has shown smaller cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, neuroimaging studies often do not differentiate between inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, which are distinct core features of ADHD. The present study uses an approach to disentangle overlapping variance to examine the neurostructural heterogeneity of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity dimensions. METHODS We analyzed data from 10,692 9- to 10-year-old children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to derive factors representing inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive traits. We employed structural equation modeling to examine these factors' associations with gray matter volume while controlling for the shared variance between factors. RESULTS Greater endorsement of inattentive traits was associated with smaller bilateral caudal anterior cingulate and left parahippocampal volumes. Greater endorsement of hyperactivity/impulsivity traits was associated with smaller bilateral caudate and left parahippocampal volumes. The results were similar when accounting for socioeconomic status, medication, and in-scanner motion. The magnitude of these findings increased when accounting for overall volume and intracranial volume, supporting a focal effect in our results. CONCLUSIONS Inattentive and hyperactivity/impulsivity traits show common volume deficits in regions associated with visuospatial processing and memory while at the same time showing dissociable differences, with inattention showing differences in areas associated with attention and emotion regulation and hyperactivity/impulsivity associated with volume differences in motor activity regions. Uncovering such biological underpinnings within the broader disorder of ADHD allows us to refine our understanding of ADHD presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hee Jung Jeong
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - E Leighton Durham
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Camille Archer
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fanual Berhe
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Randolph M Dupont
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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36
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Ching CRK, Kang MJY, Thompson PM. Large-Scale Neuroimaging of Mental Illness. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38554248 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Neuroimaging has provided important insights into the brain variations related to mental illness. Inconsistencies in prior studies, however, call for methods that lead to more replicable and generalizable brain markers that can reliably predict illness severity, treatment course, and prognosis. A paradigm shift is underway with large-scale international research teams actively pooling data and resources to drive consensus findings and test emerging methods aimed at achieving the goals of precision psychiatry. In parallel with large-scale psychiatric genomics studies, international consortia combining neuroimaging data are mapping the transdiagnostic brain signatures of mental illness on an unprecedented scale. This chapter discusses the major challenges, recent findings, and a roadmap for developing better neuroimaging-based tools and markers for mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Melody J Y Kang
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
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37
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Mlodnicka A, Mansolf M, Chandran A, Aris IM, Calub CA, Ahmad S, Shapiro A, Cochran D, Restrepo B, Schmidt R, Hertz-Picciotto I, Bennett D, Gold DR, O'Shea TM, Leve L, Schweitzer JB. Prediction of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in late childhood from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in early childhood. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38532736 PMCID: PMC11427612 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Limited analyses based on national samples have assessed whether early attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms predict later internalizing and externalizing symptoms in youth and the influence of sex and pubertal timing on subsequent psychiatric symptoms. This study analyzed data (n = 2818) from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program national cohort. Analyses used data from early childhood (mean age = 5.3 years) utilizing parent-reported ADHD symptoms to predict rates of internalizing and externalizing symptoms from late childhood/adolescence (mean age = 11.9 years). Within a subsample age at peak height velocity (APHV) acted as a proxy to assess pubertal timing from early childhood (mean age = 5.4 years) to adolescence (mean age = 12.3 years). Early-childhood ADHD symptoms predicted later psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety, depression, aggressive behavior, conduct problems, oppositional defiant disorder, and rule-breaking behavior. Earlier APHV was associated with increased Conduct Disorder symptoms from late childhood to adolescence for females only. A stronger relation between ADHD symptoms and later aggression was observed in females with earlier APHV, whereas this same pattern with aggression, conduct problems and depression was observed in males with later APHV. Clinicians should consider that both young girls and boys with elevated ADHD symptoms, particularly with off-set pubertal timing, may be at risk for later psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mlodnicka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell Mansolf
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aruna Chandran
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Department of Population Medicine at the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catrina A Calub
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Shaikh Ahmad
- Division of Developmental Medicine University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Allison Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - David Cochran
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bibiana Restrepo
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Schmidt
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leslie Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Julie B Schweitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Ou XX, Wang X, Zhan XL, Shen SL, Karatela S, Jing J, Cai L, Liu RQ, Lin LZ, Dong GH. The associations of secondhand smoke exposure with neurodevelopmental disorders and critical time window identification: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169649. [PMID: 38159763 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure was harmful for brain development. However, the association between SHS exposure and NDDs diagnosis were unclear. OBJECTIVES To evaluate associations between SHS exposure and NDDs diagnosis, identify critical time windows, and summarize the strength of evidence. METHODS To investigate the associations of SHS exposure and the development of NDDs, we searched Ovid, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PubMed for all the relevant studies up to 31 March 2023. The risk estimates and standardized mean differences (SMD) for the individuals with any NDDs who were exposed to SHS exposure compared with those unexposed or low-exposed. RESULTS The results showed that a total of 31,098 citations were identified, of which 54 studies were included. We identified significant associations between SHS exposure and the risks of NDDs including specific types of NDDs like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities (LD) despite the observed heterogeneity for NDDs and ADHD. We also observed a significant association between cotinine exposure and ADHD. However, inconsistent ratings between the two quality-of-evidence methods for all the meta-analyses indicated the current evidence of the associations and the potential exposure window remained inconclusive. DISCUSSION Our findings suggested that SHS exposure was associated with a higher risk of developing ADHD and LD, with inconclusive quality-of-evidence. In addition, period-specific associations remained unclear based on current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xuan Ou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Li Shen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shamshad Karatela
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China.
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Faraone SV, Bellgrove MA, Brikell I, Cortese S, Hartman CA, Hollis C, Newcorn JH, Philipsen A, Polanczyk GV, Rubia K, Sibley MH, Buitelaar JK. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:11. [PMID: 38388701 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; also known as hyperkinetic disorder) is a common neurodevelopmental condition that affects children and adults worldwide. ADHD has a predominantly genetic aetiology that involves common and rare genetic variants. Some environmental correlates of the disorder have been discovered but causation has been difficult to establish. The heterogeneity of the condition is evident in the diverse presentation of symptoms and levels of impairment, the numerous co-occurring mental and physical conditions, the various domains of neurocognitive impairment, and extensive minor structural and functional brain differences. The diagnosis of ADHD is reliable and valid when evaluated with standard diagnostic criteria. Curative treatments for ADHD do not exist but evidence-based treatments substantially reduce symptoms and/or functional impairment. Medications are effective for core symptoms and are usually well tolerated. Some non-pharmacological treatments are valuable, especially for improving adaptive functioning. Clinical and neurobiological research is ongoing and could lead to the creation of personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabell Brikell
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, NY, USA
- DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Rigenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Chris Hollis
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) MindTech MedTech Co-operative and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Mental Health, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jeffrey H Newcorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Transcampus Professor KCL-Dresden, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Toffanin T, Cattarinussi G, Ghiotto N, Lussignoli M, Pavan C, Pieri L, Schiff S, Finatti F, Romagnolo F, Folesani F, Nanni MG, Caruso R, Zerbinati L, Belvederi Murri M, Ferrara M, Pigato G, Grassi L, Sambataro F. Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on cortical thickness in depression: a systematic review. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38343196 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2024.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most studied and validated available treatments for severe or treatment-resistant depression. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying ECT. This systematic review aims to critically review all structural magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating longitudinal cortical thickness (CT) changes after ECT in patients with unipolar or bipolar depression. METHODS We performed a search on PubMed, Medline, and Embase to identify all available studies published before April 20, 2023. A total of 10 studies were included. RESULTS The investigations showed widespread increases in CT after ECT in depressed patients, involving mainly the temporal, insular, and frontal regions. In five studies, CT increases in a non-overlapping set of brain areas correlated with the clinical efficacy of ECT. The small sample size, heterogeneity in terms of populations, comorbidities, and ECT protocols, and the lack of a control group in some investigations limit the generalisability of the results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the idea that ECT can increase CT in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. It remains unclear whether these changes are related to the clinical response. Future larger studies with longer follow-up are warranted to thoroughly address the potential role of CT as a biomarker of clinical response after ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Toffanin
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Niccolò Ghiotto
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Pavan
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Pieri
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Sami Schiff
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Finatti
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Romagnolo
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Folesani
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rosangela Caruso
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Zerbinati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martino Belvederi Murri
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Ferrara
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pigato
- Department of Psychiatry, Padova University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Wang XK, Yang C, Dong WQ, Zhang QR, Ma SZ, Zang YF, Yuan LX. Impaired segregation of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder related pattern in children. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 170:111-121. [PMID: 38134720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inattention is a key characteristic of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Specific brain abnormalities associated with this symptom form a discernible pattern related with ADHD in children (i.e., ADHD related pattern) in our earlier research. The developmental processes of segregation and integration may be crucial to ADHD. However, how brains reconfigure these processes of the ADHD related pattern in different subtypes of ADHD and across sexes remain unclear. METHODS Nested-spectral partition method was applied to identify effects of subtype and sex on segregation and integration of the ADHD related pattern, using 145 ADHD patients and 135 typically developing controls (TDC) aged 7-14. Relationships between the measures and inattention symptoms were also investigated. RESULTS Children with ADHD exhibited lower segregation of the ADHD related pattern (p = 1.17 × 10-8) than TDCs. Only the main effect of subtype was significant (p = 1.14 × 10-5). Both ADHD-C (p = 2.16 × 10-6) and ADHD-I (p = 2.87 × 10-6) patients had lower segregation components relative to the TDC. Moreover, segregation components were negatively correlated with inattention scores. CONCLUSIONS This study identified impaired segregation in the ADHD related pattern of children with ADHD and found shared neural bases among different subtypes and sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ke Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiu-Rong Zhang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng-Zhi Ma
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; TMS Center, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Deqing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Xia Yuan
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Isaac V, Lopez V, Escobar MJ. Arousal dysregulation and executive dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1336040. [PMID: 38298926 PMCID: PMC10827919 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1336040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition, that continues to have an elusive etiological background. A number of extant models and theories have historically intended to explain the many factors contributing to ADHD behaviors. One of the most accepted hypotheses has been the executive dysfunction theory associating reduction in executive control to abnormalities in structure and operational dysfunction of dopaminergic signaling networks. Nevertheless, executive functions are not always impaired in ADHD, and the literature describes other symptoms commonly reported suggesting individuals with ADHD would appear to suffer from a more general deficit. Another existing line of research, that has gained much attention recently, establishes that ADHD would have dysregulated states of brain arousal that would account for its commonly observed cognitive deficits and behavioral symptoms, described as the state regulation theory, which has now included measures of autonomic function. This article describes some important aspects that compose and challenge these two most influential theoretical constructs, executive dysfunction and state-regulation, based on their empirical evidence, implying the need to reevaluate the norms used to classify individuals and establish ADHD diagnosis. Large number of controversial results continue to exist within the study of ADHD biological and/or performance markers, possibly due to such heterogeneity and variability within the same diagnosis. The need to resolve these issues and establish newly revised diagnostic criteria for ADHD is critical, as therapeutic success depends on having accurately identified underlying neurophysiological factors in order to appropriately address them in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Isaac
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vladimir Lopez
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Josefina Escobar
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
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Connaughton M, O’Hanlon E, Silk TJ, Paterson J, O’Neill A, Anderson V, Whelan R, McGrath J. The Limbic System in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Longitudinal Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:385-393. [PMID: 38298776 PMCID: PMC10829648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During childhood and adolescence, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with changes in symptoms and brain structures, but the link between brain structure and function remains unclear. The limbic system, often termed the "emotional network," plays an important role in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders, yet this brain network remains largely unexplored in ADHD. Investigating the developmental trajectories of key limbic system structures during childhood and adolescence will provide novel insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD. Methods Structural magnetic resonance imaging data (380 scans), emotional regulation (Affective Reactivity Index), and ADHD symptom severity (Conners 3 ADHD Index) were measured at up to 3 time points between 9 and 14 years of age in a sample of children and adolescents with ADHD (n = 57) and control children (n = 109). Results Compared with the control group, the ADHD group had lower volume of the amygdala (left: β standardized [β_std] = -0.38; right: β_std = -0.34), hippocampus (left: β_std = -0.44; right: β_std = -0.34), cingulate gyrus (left: β_std = -0.42; right: β_std = -0.32), and orbitofrontal cortex (right: β_std = -0.33) across development (9-14 years). There were no significant group-by-age interactions in any of the limbic system structures. Exploratory analysis found a significant Conners 3 ADHD Index-by-age interaction effect on the volume of the left mammillary body (β_std = 0.17) in the ADHD group across the 3 study time points. Conclusions Children and adolescents with ADHD displayed lower volume and atypical development in limbic system structures. Furthermore, atypical limbic system development was associated with increased symptom severity, highlighting a potential neurobiological correlate of ADHD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Connaughton
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erik O’Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Timothy J. Silk
- Department of Developmental Neuroimaging, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia Paterson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling O’Neill
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vicki Anderson
- Department of Developmental Neuroimaging, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Whelan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Sun YJ, Sahakian BJ, Langley C, Yang A, Jiang Y, Kang J, Zhao X, Li C, Cheng W, Feng J. Early-initiated childhood reading for pleasure: associations with better cognitive performance, mental well-being and brain structure in young adolescence. Psychol Med 2024; 54:359-373. [PMID: 37376848 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood is a crucial neurodevelopmental period. We investigated whether childhood reading for pleasure (RfP) was related to young adolescent assessments of cognition, mental health, and brain structure. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in a large-scale US national cohort (10 000 + young adolescents), using the well-established linear mixed model and structural equation methods for twin study, longitudinal and mediation analyses. A 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis for potential causal inference was also performed. Important factors including socio-economic status were controlled. RESULTS Early-initiated long-standing childhood RfP (early RfP) was highly positively correlated with performance on cognitive tests and significantly negatively correlated with mental health problem scores of young adolescents. These participants with higher early RfP scores exhibited moderately larger total brain cortical areas and volumes, with increased regions including the temporal, frontal, insula, supramarginal; left angular, para-hippocampal; right middle-occipital, anterior-cingulate, orbital areas; and subcortical ventral-diencephalon and thalamus. These brain structures were significantly related to their cognitive and mental health scores, and displayed significant mediation effects. Early RfP was longitudinally associated with higher crystallized cognition and lower attention symptoms at follow-up. Approximately 12 h/week of youth regular RfP was cognitively optimal. We further observed a moderately significant heritability of early RfP, with considerable contribution from environments. MR analysis revealed beneficial causal associations of early RfP with adult cognitive performance and left superior temporal structure. CONCLUSIONS These findings, for the first time, revealed the important relationships of early RfP with subsequent brain and cognitive development and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jun Sun
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christelle Langley
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anyi Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jujiao Kang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingming Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhe Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
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Wang C, Shen Y, Cheng M, Zhu Z, Lv Y, Zhang X, Feng Z, Yang Z, Zhao X. Cortical gray-white matter contrast abnormalities in male children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1303230. [PMID: 38188507 PMCID: PMC10768013 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1303230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Presently, research concerning alterations in brain structure among individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predominantly focuses on entire brain volume and cortical thickness. In this study, we extend our examination to the cortical microstructure of male children with ADHD. To achieve this, we employ the gray-white matter tissue contrast (GWC) metric, allowing for an assessment of modifications in gray matter density and white matter microstructure. Furthermore, we explore the potential connection between GWC and the severity of disorder in male children by ADHD. Methods We acquired 3DT1 sequences from the public ADHD-200 database. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis between 43 male children diagnosed with ADHD and 50 age-matched male controls exhibiting typical development trajectories. Our investigation entailed assessing differences in GWC and cortical thickness. Additionally, we explored the potential correlation between GWC and the severity of ADHD. To delineate the cerebral landscape, each hemisphere was subdivided into 34 cortical regions using freesurfer 7.2.0. For quantification, GWC was computed by evaluating the intensity contrast of non-normalized T1 images above and below the gray-white matter interface. Results Our findings unveiled elevated GWC within the bilateral lingual, bilateral insular, left transverse temporal, right parahippocampal and right pericalcarine regions in male children with ADHD when contrasted with their healthy counterparts. Moreover, the cortical thickness in the ADHD group no notable distinctions that of control group in all areas. Intriguingly, the GWC of left transverse temporal demonstrated a negative correlation with the extent of inattention experienced by male children with ADHD. Conclusion Utilizing GWC as a metric facilitates a more comprehensive assessment of microstructural brain changes in children with ADHD. The fluctuations in GWC observed in specific brain regions might serve as a neural biomarker, illuminating structural modifications in male children grappling with ADHD. This perspective enriches our comprehension of white matter microstructure and cortical density in these children. Notably, the inverse correlation between the GWC of the left transverse temporal and inattention severity underscores the potential role of structural and functional anomalies within this region in ADHD progression. Enhancing our insight into ADHD-related brain changes holds significant promise in deciphering potential neuropathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyong Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meiying Cheng
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zitao Zhu
- Medicine Division, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanqi Feng
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhexuan Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Zhengzhou, China
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46
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Bedford SA, Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Chakrabarti B, Ruigrok A, Suckling J, Anagnostou E, Lerch JP, Taylor M, Nicolson R, Stelios G, Crosbie J, Schachar R, Kelley E, Jones J, Arnold PD, Courchesne E, Pierce K, Eyler LT, Campbell K, Barnes CC, Seidlitz J, Alexander-Bloch AF, Bullmore ET, Baron-Cohen S, Bethlehem RA. Brain-charting autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder reveals distinct and overlapping neurobiology. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.06.23299587. [PMID: 38106166 PMCID: PMC10723556 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.23299587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions with complex underlying neurobiology. Despite overlapping presentation and sex-biased prevalence, autism and ADHD are rarely studied together, and sex differences are often overlooked. Normative modelling provides a unified framework for studying age-specific and sex-specific divergences in neurodivergent brain development. Methods Here we use normative modelling and a large, multi-site neuroimaging dataset to characterise cortical anatomy associated with autism and ADHD, benchmarked against models of typical brain development based on a sample of over 75,000 individuals. We also examined sex and age differences, relationship with autistic traits, and explored the co-occurrence of autism and ADHD (autism+ADHD). Results We observed robust neuroanatomical signatures of both autism and ADHD. Overall, autistic individuals showed greater cortical thickness and volume localised to the superior temporal cortex, whereas individuals with ADHD showed more global effects of cortical thickness increases but lower cortical volume and surface area across much of the cortex. The autism+ADHD group displayed a unique pattern of widespread increases in cortical thickness, and certain decreases in surface area. We also found evidence that sex modulates the neuroanatomy of autism but not ADHD, and an age-by-diagnosis interaction for ADHD only. Conclusions These results indicate distinct cortical differences in autism and ADHD that are differentially impacted by age, sex, and potentially unique patterns related to their co-occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saashi A. Bedford
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth & Family Mental Health and Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
| | - Michael V. Lombardo
- Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Bhismadev Chakrabarti
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- Centre for Autism, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6ES, UK
| | - Amber Ruigrok
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester
| | - John Suckling
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Margot Taylor
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Jessica Jones
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Paul D. Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric Courchesne
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karen Pierce
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lisa T. Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kathleen Campbell
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Carter Barnes
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron F. Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- Cambridge Lifetime Autism Spectrum Service (CLASS), Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard A.I. Bethlehem
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Zhu Z, Lei D, Qin K, Tallman MJ, Patino LR, Fleck DE, Gong Q, Sweeney JA, DelBello MP, McNamara RK. Cortical and subcortical structural differences in psychostimulant-free ADHD youth with and without a family history of bipolar I disorder: a cross-sectional morphometric comparison. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:368. [PMID: 38036505 PMCID: PMC10689449 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a family history of bipolar I disorder (BD) are associated with increased risk for developing BD, their neuroanatomical substrates remain poorly understood. This study compared cortical and subcortical gray matter morphology in psychostimulant-free ADHD youth with and without a first-degree relative with BD and typically developing healthy controls. ADHD youth (ages 10-18 years) with ('high-risk', HR) or without ('low-risk', LR) a first-degree relative with BD and healthy comparison youth (HC) were enrolled. High-resolution 3D T1-weighted images were acquired using a Philips 3.0 T MR scanner. The FreeSurfer image analysis suite was used to measure cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volumes. A general linear model evaluated group differences in MRI features with age and sex as covariates, and exploratory correlational analyses evaluated associations with symptom ratings. A total of n = 142 youth (mean age: 14.16 ± 2.54 years, 35.9% female) were included in the analysis (HC, n = 48; LR, n = 49; HR, n = 45). The HR group exhibited a more severe symptom profile, including higher mania and dysregulation scores, compared to the LR group. For subcortical volumes, the HR group exhibited smaller bilateral thalamic, hippocampal, and left caudate nucleus volumes compared to both LR and HC, and smaller right caudate nucleus compared with LR. No differences were found between LR and HC groups. For cortical surface area, the HR group exhibited lower parietal and temporal surface area compared with HC and LR, and lower orbitofrontal and superior frontal surface area compared to LR. The HR group exhibited lower left anterior cingulate surface area compared with HC. LR participants exhibited greater right pars opercularis surface area compared with the HC. Some cortical alterations correlated with symptom severity ratings. These findings suggest that ADHD in youth with a BD family history is associated with a more a severe symptom profile and a neuroanatomical phenotype that distinguishes it from ADHD without a BD family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45219, OH, USA
| | - Du Lei
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45219, OH, USA
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Department of Radiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442012, PR China
| | - Maxwell J Tallman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45219, OH, USA
| | - L Rodrigo Patino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45219, OH, USA
| | - David E Fleck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45219, OH, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, PR China.
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45219, OH, USA
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45219, OH, USA
| | - Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45219, OH, USA
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Sun F, Wang S, Wang Y, Sun J, Li Y, Li Y, Xu Y, Wang X. Differences in generation and maintenance between ictal and interictal generalized spike-and-wave discharges in childhood absence epilepsy: A magnetoencephalography study. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 148:109440. [PMID: 37748416 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is characterized by impaired consciousness and distinct electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. However, interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) do not lead to noticeable symptoms. This study examines the disparity between ictal and interictal generalized spike-and-wave discharges (GSWDs) to determine the mechanisms behind CAE and consciousness. METHODS We enrolled 24 patients with ictal and interictal GSWDs in the study. The magnetoencephalography (MEG) data were recorded before and during GSWDs at a sampling rate of 6000 Hz and analyzed across six frequency bands. The absolute and relative spectral power were estimated with the Minimum Norm Estimate (MNE) combined with the Welch technique. All the statistical analyses were performed using paired-sample tests. RESULTS During GSWDs, the right lateral occipital cortex indicated a significant difference in the theta band (5-7 Hz) with stronger power (P = 0.027). The interictal group possessed stronger spectral power in the delta band (P < 0.01) and weaker power in the alpha band (P < 0.01) as early as 10 s before GSWDs in absolute and relative spectral power. Additionally, the ictal group revealed enhanced spectral power inside the occipital cortex in the alpha band and stronger spectral power in the right frontal regions within beta (15-29 Hz), gamma 1 (30-59 Hz), and gamma 2 (60-90 Hz) bands. CONCLUSIONS GSWDs seem to change gradually, with local neural activity changing even 10 s before discharge. During GSWDs, visual afferent stimulus insensitivity could be related to the impaired response state in CAE. The inhibitory signal in the low-frequency band can shorten GSWD duration, thereby achieving seizure control through inhibitory effect strengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingfan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jintao Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanzhang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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49
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Abujamea AH, Almosa M, Uzair M, Alabdullatif N, Bashir S. Reduced Cortical Complexity in Children with Developmental Delay in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e48291. [PMID: 38058330 PMCID: PMC10696479 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Developmental delay (DD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delays in multiple domains. The investigation of brain structure in DD has been enhanced by advanced neuroimaging techniques that can identify regional surface deformities. Neuroimaging studies have identified structural brain abnormalities in individuals with DD, but research specific to the Saudi Arabian population is limited. In this study, we examine the neuroanatomical abnormalities in the cortical and subcortical regions of Saudi Arabian children with DD. METHOD A T1-weighted, 1-mm-thick MRI was used to acquire structural brain images of 29 children with DD and age-matched healthy controls. RESULTS Analysis of the MRI data revealed significant differences in several cortical and subcortical structures of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in several brain regions of the DD group. Specifically, significant deformities were observed in the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, frontal gyrus, pars opercularis, pars orbitalis, cingulate gyrus, and subcallosal gyrus. These findings suggest disrupted neurodevelopment in these regions, which may contribute to the cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments commonly observed in individuals with DD. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides valuable insights into the neuroanatomical differences in Saudi Arabian children with DD. Our results provide evidence for cortical and subcortical abnormalities in DD. Deformities in the observed regions may contribute to cognitive impairment, emotional dysregulation, mood disorders, and language deficits commonly observed in DD. The structural analysis may enable the identification of neuroanatomical biomarkers to facilitate the early diagnosis or progression of DD. These results suggest that lower cortical complexity in DD children due to alterations in networks may play a critical role in early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah H Abujamea
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohammed Almosa
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohammad Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, PAK
| | | | - Shahid Bashir
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, SAU
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50
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Li J, Wang W, Cheng J, Li H, Feng L, Ren Y, Liu L, Qian Q, Wang Y. Relationships between sensory integration and the core symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the mediating effect of executive function. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2235-2246. [PMID: 35999304 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often accompanied by executive function deficits and functional alterations in sensory integration. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between ADHD core symptoms, executive function, and sensory integration in children with ADHD. A total of 228 children with ADHD were recruited for our study. The Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and Child Sensory Integration Scale (CSIS) evaluated the sensory integration ability from lab-based and scaled-based perspectives, respectively. Three core components of executive functions (inhibition, working memory, and set-shifting) were assessed using both lab-based tests and the relevant factors from the behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF). Partial correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation of sensory integration with EF and ADHD core symptoms. Based on the observed significant correlation, bootstrap analyses were further conducted to explore the potential mediating effect of EF on the relationship between sensory integration and ADHD core symptoms. ADHD symptoms and EF were significantly correlated with CSIS scores; no factors were significantly correlated with SOT performance. In detail, the vestibular-balance score was negatively correlated with both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, while the hyper-sensory and proprioception scores were negatively correlated with only inattention symptoms. For the scaled-based EF, vestibular-balance was negatively correlated with inhibition and working memory, and the hyper-sensory score was negatively correlated with shift factor. No correlation was found for the lab-based EF tests. The subsequent mediation analysis found that inhibition partially mediated the relationship between vestibular balance and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. Working memory completely mediated the relationship between vestibular-balance, hyper-sensory, proprioception, and inattention symptoms. These results were well validated in an independent sample. Our present findings demonstrated that the functional alteration in basic sensory integration might be associated with impairments of executive functions and then lead to the behavioral expression of ADHD. The present findings might provide a new perspective to understand the occurrence of ADHD symptoms and potential precise intervention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenchen Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanchun Ren
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
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