1
|
He Y, Mi B, Luo C, Zhao W, Zhu Y, Chen L, Tu N, Wu F. Mechanisms insights into Cd passivation in soil by lignin biochar: Transition from flooding to natural air-drying. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134565. [PMID: 38743974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Biochar shows great potential in soil cadmium pollution treatment, however, the effect and mechanisms of biochar on cadmium passivation (CP) during the long-term process of soil from flooding to natural air-drying are not clear. In this study, a 300-day experiment was conducted to keep the flooded water level constant for the first 100 days and then dried naturally. Mechanisms of CP by lignin biochar (LBC) were analyzed through chemical analysis, FTIR-2D-COS, EEMs-PARAFAC, ultraviolet spectroscopy characterizations, and microbial community distribution of soil. Results showed that application of LBC results in rapid CP ratio in soil within 35 days, mainly in the residual and Fe-Mn bound states (total 72.80%). CP ratio further increased to 90.89% with water evaporation. The CP mechanisms include precipitation, electrostatic effect, humus complexation, and microbial remediation by promoting the propagation of fungi such as Penicillium and Trichoderma. Evaporation of water promoted the colonization of aerobic microorganisms and then increased the degree of soil humification and aromatization, thereby enhancing the cadmium passivation. Simultaneously, the biochar could reduce the relative abundance of plant pathogens in soil from 1.8% to 0.03% and the freshness index (β/α) from 0.64 to 0.16, favoring crop growth and promoting carbon sequestration and emission reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanying He
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Baobin Mi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Research Institute of Vegetables, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Cheng Luo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yule Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Naimei Tu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Fangfang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Z, Cui Z, Guo Z, Li D, He Z, Liu W, Yue X, Zhou A. Insights into the effect of nitrate photolysis on short-chain fatty acids production from waste activated sludge in anaerobic fermentation system: Performance and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 258:121772. [PMID: 38761600 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate photolysis has become an efficient, low-cost and promising technology for emerging contaminants removal, while its performance and mechanism for waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment is still unknown. This study innovatively introduced nitrate photolysis for WAS disintegration, and investigated the effect of nitrate addition (150-375 mg N/L) for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production during anaerobic fermentation (AF). The results showed that nitrate photolysis significantly promoted the SCFAs production from WAS, and peaked at 280.7 mg/g VSS with 7-d fermentation with 150 mg N/L addition (150N-UV), which increased by 8.8-35.0 % and 10.7-23.3 % compared with other photolysis groups and sole nitrate groups. Effective release of the soluble organics was observed in the nitrate photolysis groups during AF, especially soluble proteins, reaching 1505.4 mg COD/L at 9 d in 150N-UV group, promoted by 7.0∼15.7 % than nitrate/nitrate photolysis groups. The model compounds simulation experiment further demonstrated the positive effect of nitrate photolysis on organics hydrolysis and SCFAs accumulation. The result of the radical capture and quenching verified the reactive oxygen species contributed more compared with reactive nitrogen species. Functional group analysis confirmed the effective bioconversion of the macromolecular organics during the fermentation. Moreover, the nitrate photolysis enhanced the enrichment of the functional consortia, including anaerobic fermentation bacteria (AFB), e.g., Fnoticella, Romboutsia, Gracilibacter and Sedimentibacter, and nitrate reducing bacteria (NRB), e.g., Acinerobacter and Ahniella. The macrogenetic analysis further revealed that glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, acetate metabolism and nitrogen metabolism were the dominating metabolic pathways during fermentation, and the abundance of the relevant genes were enhanced in 150N-UV group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhixuan Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhengtong Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dengfei Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhangwei He
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Shanxi 710055, China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiuping Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aijuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang X, Deng D, Liu Z, Ke W, Xue S, Zhu F. Pb/As simultaneous removal from soil leachate of Pb/Zn smelting sites by magnetic biochar. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121526. [PMID: 38924888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) contaminated soils, caused by Pb and zinc (Zn) smelting activities, pose an urgent environmental issue. Magnetic biochar (MB) has been regarded as an increasingly appealing candidate for the remediation of multi-metals in contaminated soils or their leachate. Finding economically feasible preparation methods for MB and demonstrating its remediation potential is desperately required for the remediation of such complex smelting sites. In this study, a modified MB was prepared using an optimized co-precipitation method, and its application potential for Pb/As simultaneous removal based on the basic properties of a typical Pb/Zn smelting site was evaluated. The surface modifications of MB facilitated the encapsulation of various ultrafine iron oxide particles, predominantly γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, whilst notably enhancing the presence of oxygen-containing surface functional groups. The adsorption of Pb(II) and As(III) by MB was well-described using the pseudo-second-order adsorption and Langmuir models. The existence of SO42- and Ca2+ in the soil leachate competed with the adsorption sites for Pb(II) and As(III). Notably, within the pH range of 5-9, the adsorption efficiency of Pb(II) by MB increased with the rising solution pH, whereas alterations in pH minimally affected the removal rate of As(III), maintaining a consistent removal rate exceeding 95%. Furthermore, dissolved organic matter (DOM) abundant in organic functional groups, particularly CO and CC groups, significantly augmented the adsorption affinity for both Pb(II) and As(III). An application rate of 2 g/L could effectively reduce the concentration of Pb(II) and As(III) in soil leachate to <0.05 mg/L. The findings demonstrated the potential of the prepared MB for simultaneous removal of As(III) and Pb(II) in soil leachate, which should be beneficial to multi-metals polluted soil remediation in Pb/Zn smelting sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyun Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
| | - Dandan Deng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; BGI Engineering Consultants Ltd., Beijing, 100038, PR China.
| | - Wenshun Ke
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
| | - Shengguo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu S, Zheng L, Zhang H, Yang Y, Chen G, Meng H, Cheng K, Guo C, Wang Y, Li X, Liu T. Sequestration of Labile Organic Matter by Secondary Fe Minerals from Chemodenitrification: Insight into Mineral Protection Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11003-11015. [PMID: 38807562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Labile organic matter (OM) immobilized by secondary iron (Fe) minerals from chemodenitrification may be an effective way to immobilize organic carbon (OC). However, the underlying mechanisms of coupled chemodenitrification and OC sequestration are poorly understood. Here, OM immobilization by secondary Fe minerals from chemodenitrification was investigated at different C/Fe ratios. Kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation and nitrite reduction rates decreased with increasing C/Fe ratios. Despite efficient sequestration, the immobilization efficiency of OM by secondary minerals varied with the C/Fe ratios. Higher C/Fe ratios were conducive to the formation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite, with defects and nanopores. Three contributions, including inner-core Fe-O and edge- and corner-shared Fe-Fe interactions, constituted the local coordination environment of mineral-organic composites. Microscopic analysis at the molecular scale uncovered that labile OM was more likely to combine with secondary minerals with poor crystallinity to enhance its stability, and OM distributed within nanopores and defects had a higher oxidation state. After chemodenitrification, high molecular weight substances and substances high in unsaturation or O/C ratios including phenols, polycyclic aromatics, and carboxylic compounds exhibited a stronger affinity to Fe minerals in the treatments with lower C/Fe ratios. Collectively, labile OM immobilization can occur during chemodenitrification. The findings on OM sequestration coupled with chemodenitrification have significant implications for understanding the long-term cycling of Fe, C, and N, providing a potential strategy for OM immobilization in anoxic soils and sediments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Hu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF), Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Meng
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Cheng
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Guo
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tongxu Liu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo H, Tu C, Liu C, Zeng Y, He D, Zhang A, Xu J, Pan X. Probing the molecular interaction between photoaged polystyrene microplastics and fulvic acid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170933. [PMID: 38360324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
As emerging contaminants, microplastics (MPs) are becoming a matter of global concern, and they have complex interactions with dissolved organic matter (DOM) widely present in aqueous environments. Here, we investigate the molecular interactions between aged polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) and fulvic acid (FA) under neutral conditions using a series of analytical techniques. The structural changes of FA and the binding interactions of PS-MPs with FA at a molecular level were explored by fluorescence and FT-IR combined with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS). Results showed that photoaging of PS-MPs changed the sequence of structural variations with FA. Atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) strongly demonstrated that the surface roughness of both pristine and aged PS-MPs greatly increased after FA addition. Meanwhile, AFM-IR and Raman spectroscopy revealed a stronger interaction between aged PS-MPs and FA. The content of oxygen-containing functional groups in PS-MPs increased after aging and after binding with FA, and surface distribution of these functional groups also changed. XPS analyses indicated that the oxygen content in PS-MPs increased after the interaction with FA and the increase in oxygen content was even greater in aged PS-MPs. Overall, these research findings are useful to understand the environmental impacts of DOM-MPs interactions and to address the uncertainty of MPs aging effect on their environmental behavior in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Shaoxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing 312085, China.
| | - Chaolin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yifeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongqin He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Anping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Juan Xu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li W, Tang H, Zhang D, Huang T, Xing B. Identifying the Stripping of Oxide Debris from Graphene Oxide: Evidence from Experimental Analysis and Molecular Simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5963-5973. [PMID: 38512311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, characteristics of oxidation debris (OD) and its stripping mechanism from graphene oxide (GO) were explored. The results demonstrated that OD contains three components, namely, protein-, fulvic acid-, and humic acid-like substances; among these, protein-like substances with lower molecular weight and higher hydrophilicity were most liable to be stripped from GO and were the primary components stripped from GO at pH < 10, whereas humic acid- and fulvic acid-like substances were stripped from GO at pH > 10. During the stripping of OD, hydrogen bonds from carboxyl and carbonyl were the first to break, followed by hydrogen bonds from epoxy. Subsequently, π-π interactions were broken, and hydrogen bond interactions induced by hydroxyl groups were the hardest to break. After the stripping of OD, the recombination of OD on GO was observed, and regions containing relatively fewer oxygen-containing functional groups were favorable binding sites for the readsorbed OD. The stripping and recombination of OD on GO resulted in an uneven GO surface, which should be considered during the development of GO-based environmental materials and the evaluation of their environmental behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jensen M, Liu S, Stepula E, Martella D, Birjandi AA, Farrell‐Dillon K, Chan KLA, Parsons M, Chiappini C, Chapple SJ, Mann GE, Vercauteren T, Abbate V, Bergholt MS. Opto-Lipidomics of Tissues. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302962. [PMID: 38145965 PMCID: PMC11005704 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism and signaling play pivotal functions in biology and disease development. Despite this, currently available optical techniques are limited in their ability to directly visualize the lipidome in tissues. In this study, opto-lipidomics, a new approach to optical molecular tissue imaging is introduced. The capability of vibrational Raman spectroscopy is expanded to identify individual lipids in complex tissue matrices through correlation with desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) - mass spectrometry (MS) imaging in an integrated instrument. A computational pipeline of inter-modality analysis is established to infer lipidomic information from optical vibrational spectra. Opto-lipidomic imaging of transient cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in a murine model of ischemic stroke demonstrates the visualization and identification of lipids in disease with high molecular specificity using Raman scattered light. Furthermore, opto-lipidomics in a handheld fiber-optic Raman probe is deployed and demonstrates real-time classification of bulk brain tissues based on specific lipid abundances. Opto-lipidomics opens a host of new opportunities to study lipid biomarkers for diagnostics, prognostics, and novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Jensen
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Shiyue Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9NHUK
| | - Elzbieta Stepula
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Davide Martella
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Anahid A. Birjandi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Keith Farrell‐Dillon
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research ExcellenceSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College London150 Stamford StreetLondonSE1 9NHUK
| | | | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonSE1 1ULUK
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Sarah J. Chapple
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9NHUK
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research ExcellenceSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College London150 Stamford StreetLondonSE1 9NHUK
| | - Giovanni E. Mann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9NHUK
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research ExcellenceSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College London150 Stamford StreetLondonSE1 9NHUK
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonWC2R 2LSUK
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Department of AnalyticalEnvironmental and Forensic SciencesKing's College London150 Stamford StreetLondonSE1 9NHUK
| | - Mads S. Bergholt
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhong F, Wang F, Yang H. Composition and structure analysis of different depths in the stratum corneum using confocal Raman microscopy combined with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. Talanta 2024; 270:125559. [PMID: 38141465 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition and structure of the stratum corneum (SC) play a crucial role in the skin barrier function. Therefore, accurately determining the SC thickness and studying the changes in lipid and keratin structure and distribution within it are key aspects of skin barrier research. Currently, there are limited analytical tools and data analysis methods available for real-time and online studies of SC composition and structural changes. In this study, we focus on depth as a perturbation and employ confocal Raman microscopy combined with moving-window two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (MW2D) technique to investigate the SC thickness. Additionally, we employ confocal Raman microscopy combined with perturbation-correlation moving-window two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (PCMW2D) to precisely characterize the stratification of the SC. Furthermore, the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) method is utilized to examine the content of various conformations in the keratin secondary structure within the SC, as well as the subtle interrelationships between lipid and keratin structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhong
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China.
| | - Haifeng Yang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen X, Yue Y, Wang Z, Sun J, Dong S. Co-existing inorganic anions influenced the Norrish I and Norrish II type photoaging mechanism of biodegradable microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171756. [PMID: 38494013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The degradation of biodegradable plastics (BPs) in natural environments is constrained, and the mechanisms underlying their photoaging in aquatic settings remain inadequately understood. In view of this, this study systematically investigated the photoaging process of biodegradable Poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) microplastics (PBAT-MPs), which are more widely used. The investigation was carried out in the presence of common inorganic anions (Br-, Cl- and NO3-). The results of EPR, FTIR and FESEM tests, along with pseudo-first-order kinetics analyses, showed that the presence of NO3- promoted the photoaging of PBAT-MPs, while the presence of Br- and Cl- inhibited the photoaging of PBAT-MPs. In addition, the results of the Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-COS) analysis determined the order of the changes in the functional groups, revealing that the Norrish I and Norrish II reaction mechanisms are presented by PBAT-MPs during the aging process, and the process is closely related to the ion concentration and UV irradiation time. This study provides valuable insights for understanding the phototransformation process of BPs in natural aqueous environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Yiying Yue
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Zihan Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
| | - Shuying Dong
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kuang X, Hu Y, Peng L, Dan Li, Song H, Song K, Li C, Wang Y, He S. Application of biological soil crusts for efficient cadmium removal from acidic mine wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133524. [PMID: 38232555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing an acid-resistant biological soil crust (BSC) species that we discovered, we developed a device capable of efficiently removing cadmium (Cd) from mine wastewater with varying levels of acidity. Our research has demonstrated that this particular BSC species adapts to acidic environments by regulating the balance of fatty acids and acid-resistant enzymes. At a Cd concentration of 5 mg/L, the BSC grew well. When the initial Cd concentration was 2 mg/L, and the flow rate was set at 1 mL/min (at pH levels of 3, 4, and 5), BSC had a high removal rate of Cd, and the removal rate increased with the increase of pH (from 90% to 97%). Chemisorption is the primary removal mechanism in the initial stage, where the functional groups and minerals on the surface of the BSC play a significant role. In addition, BSC also adapts to Cd stress by changing bacterial community structure. It was discovered through infrared spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation analysis that hydrophilic groups, specifically phosphate and carboxyl groups, exhibited the highest reactivity during the Cd binding process. Protein secondary structure analysis confirmed that as the pH increased, the adsorption capacity of the BSC increased; making biofilm formation easier. This study presents a novel approach for the treatment of acidic wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Kuang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yiling Hu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Huijuan Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ke Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Changwu Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuanlong Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shilong He
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen P, Niu M, Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Xu J, Wang R, Wang Y. Physiological effects of maize stressed by HPPD inhibitor herbicides via multi-spectral technology and two-dimensional correlation spectrum technology. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116087. [PMID: 38340602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological effects of herbicides on crops is crucial for crop production and environmental management. The effects of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor (HPPDi) herbicides at different concentrations on chlorophyll content in maize leaves, fresh weight of roots, stems and leaves, and fluorescence substances and functional groups in root exudates (REs) were studied by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2D-COS). The results showed that 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L HPPDi herbicides inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll in maize leaves. The weight of roots, stems and leaves of maize after application was lighter than that of the control group. HPPDi herbicides affected the early growth of maize seedlings, and the effect was most obvious at high concentration. Synchronous fluorescence spectrum and three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence spectrum revealed that the fluorescence intensity of protein, fulvic acid and humic acid in maize REs changed prominently. With the increase of HPPDi herbicides concentration, the fluorescence intensity decreased gradually. Through FTIR and 2D-COS, functional groups such as C-H, CO, Cl, NO3-, C-O and O-H were found to participate in the interaction between HPPDi herbicides and maize REs as binding sites. C-O, C-Cl and C-C have the strongest binding ability, while CC and CO of aromatic rings, quinones or ketones first take part in the binding between HPPDi herbicides and maize REs. The results can provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the safety of HPPDi herbicides on maize and a method for discovering the effects of pesticides on environmental media and plant physiological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Chen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hazardous Factors and Risk Control of Agri-food Quality Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengyuan Niu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hazardous Factors and Risk Control of Agri-food Quality Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hazardous Factors and Risk Control of Agri-food Quality Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hazardous Factors and Risk Control of Agri-food Quality Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hazardous Factors and Risk Control of Agri-food Quality Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hazardous Factors and Risk Control of Agri-food Quality Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hazardous Factors and Risk Control of Agri-food Quality Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang X, Wang X, Zhu W, Ding L, Liang X, Wu R, Jia H, Huang X, Guo X. Insight into interactions between microplastics and fulvic acid: Mechanisms affected by microplastics type. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169427. [PMID: 38135066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) can interact with dissolved organic matter (DOM), a common component found in the environment. However, the effect of MPs type on its interaction with DOM has not been systematically studied. Therefore, the binding properties of different MPs with fulvic acid (FA) were explored in this study. The results showed that polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) had higher adsorption affinity for FA than polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The interaction between MPs and FA conformed to the pseudo-first-order model and Freundlich model (except PS). The interaction mechanisms between various MPs tested in this paper and FA are considered to be different. PP, PE and PS interacted with the aromatic structure of FA and were entrapped in the FA polymers by the carboxyl groups and CO bonds, resulting in a highly conjugated co-polymer, suggesting that oxygen-containing functional groups played a key role. However, it was assumed that the interaction between PVC and FA was more likely to be caused by hydrophobic interaction. This research will help to enhance our comprehension of the environmental behavior of MPs and their interaction with the DOM specifically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinglei Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ling Ding
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Renren Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Hongtao Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Xianfei Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pang H, Li X, Qin Q, Wei Q, Zhang Y, Xu D, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Lu J. In-situ sewer sediment self-cleaning by plant ash-driven hydrolysis: Impairing adhesion and hydraulic erosion resistance from gelatinous biopolymer molecule deconstruction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168276. [PMID: 37923257 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The gelatinous structure and adhesion of sediments induced strong hydraulic erosion resistance and bottom siltation, which brought about serious challenges in sewer management. The in-situ sediment self-cleaning technology with low energy and labor consumption has become urgent demand. This study proposed an innovative plant ash-triggered molecule hydrolysis strategy for driving sewer sediment self-cleaning. Plant ash treatment at the optimal dosage of 0.10 g/g SS promoted molecular deconstruction and dissolution of aromatic proteins (tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like proteins), humic acids (fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances) and carbohydrates with secondary structure deflocculation (α-helix to β-turn), meanwhile numerous microbial cells were lysed, contributing to linkage breakage in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). The gelatinous EPS disruption and outward migration with cohesion reduction were achievable. Sediment adhesion was vulnerable to EPS structural damage, which was degenerated by 91.14 %. Correspondingly, the sediment matrix structure was observably disintegrated into dispersive and small fragments, with increased surface electronegativity and eliminated adhesive bio-agglomeration. Thereby, the sensitivity of sediments to hydraulic erosion was greatly improved. In this case, substantial organic and inorganic sediment particles were solubilized and downstream transported by gravity sewage flow. Such plant ash-triggered hydrolysis provided a sustainable strategy for sediment self-cleaning in "waste control by waste" pattern, which improved sediment floating by 7.25-9.57 times. Considerable economic benefits of 35.56-123.46 CNY/(sewer meter length) were obtained compared with traditional mechanical flushing approaches. The findings might provide theoretical and engineering inspirations for solving sewer sediment issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Qiwen Qin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Qiao Wei
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Dong Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yumeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an 710055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Noda I. Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-COS) Analysis of Evolving Hyperspectral Images. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024:37028231222011. [PMID: 38178788 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231222011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The evolutionary behavior is examined for heterogeneously distributed hyperspectral images of a simulated biological tissue sample comprising lipid-like and protein-like components during the aging process. Taking a simple planar average of a spectral image loses useful information about the spatially resolved nature of the data. In contrast, multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis of a spectral image at a given stage of aging produces a set of loadings of major component groups. Each loading represents the combined spectral contributions of a mixture of similar but not identical constituents (i.e., lipid-like and protein-like components). Temporal analysis of individual component groups using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and MCR provides much-streamlined results without interferences from the overlapped contributions. Grouping of data into separate components also allows for the effective comparison of the parallel processes of lipid oxidation and protein denaturation involving a number of constituents using the heterocomponent 2D-COS analysis. The complex interplays of lipid constituents and protein secondary structures during the tissue aging process are unambiguously highlighted. The possibility of extending this approach to a much more general form of applications using a moving window analysis is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Noda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jia L, Yang Q, Cui H. Insight into the dynamics of dissolved organic matter components under latitude change perturbation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115734. [PMID: 38016192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) which can help the transportation of nutrients and pollutants plays essential role in the aquatic ecosystems. However, the dynamics of individual DOM component under the change of latitude have not been elucidated to date. The composition and dynamics of DOM were assessed in this study. Two individual parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) components were found in each sampling site in Heilongjiang. To further characterize the inner change of the identified PARAFAC components, two-latitude correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) technique was applied to the excitation loadings data. Interestingly, not all the fluorophore in a PARAFAC component change in the same direction as the overall change of a component. From upstream to downstream, the peak A1 in PARAFAC component C1 showed a downward trend, but peak A2 presented an upward trend. In PARAFAC component C2, the peak T2 and peak T3 showed an inverse changing trend under latitude perturbation. Furthermore, basic nutrients parameters in Heilongjiang were also characterized in each sampling sites. The relationships between DOM and nutrients showed that component C1 made a significant contribution to chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The evolutions of DOM peak A1 and peak A2 were accompanied by the changing of Total phosphorus (TP). The findings in this study could make a contribution to explore the fate of DOM in high humic-like substance containing river.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Jia
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; Jixi Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Heilongjiang Province 158305, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyang Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Haessler A, Jung N, Windbergs M. Unraveling Molecular Composition in Biological Samples-Systematic Evaluation of Statistical Methods for the Analysis of Hyperspectral Raman Data. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17646-17653. [PMID: 37989265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, confocal Raman microscopy has gained popularity in biomedical research for studying tissues in healthy and diseased state due to its ability to acquire chemically selective data in a noninvasive approach. However, biological samples, such as brain tissue, are inherently difficult to analyze due to the superposition of molecules in the Raman spectra and low variation of spectral features within the sample. The analysis is further impeded by pathological hallmarks, for example beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques in Alzheimer's disease, which are often solely characterized by subtle shifts in the respective Raman peaks. To unravel the underlying molecular information, convoluted statistical procedures are inevitable. Unfortunately, such statistical methods are often inadequately described, and most natural scientists lack knowledge of their appropriate use, causing unreproducible results and stagnation in the application of hyperspectral Raman imaging. Therefore, we have set out to provide a comprehensive guide to address these challenges with the example of a complex hyperspectral data set of brain tissue samples with Aβ plaques. Our study encompasses established as well as novel statistical methods, including univariate analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, spectral unmixing, and 2D correlation spectroscopy, and critically compares the outcomes of each analysis. Moreover, we transparently demonstrate the effect of preprocessing decisions like denoising and scaling techniques, providing valuable insights into implications of spectral quality for data evaluation. Thereby, this study provides a comprehensive evaluation of analysis approaches for complex hyperspectral Raman data, laying out a blueprint for elucidating meaningful information from biological samples in chemical imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Haessler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nathalie Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maike Windbergs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang Q, Yang C, Cheng Z, Wang H, Mojiri A, Zhu N, Qian X, Shen Y, Wu S, Lou Z. Exploring into a light-avoided environment: Mechanical-thermal coupled conditions responsible for the aging behavior of plastic waste in landfills. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120162. [PMID: 37307685 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastics in landfills undergo a unique micronization process due to multi-factor and light-avoided conditions, but their aging process in such a typical environment remains unexplored. This study investigated the aging behavior of polyethylene plastics, representative of landfills, under simulated dynamic mechanical forces and high temperature-two prevalent environmental factors in landfills. The study explored the individual and combined contributions of these factors to the aging process. Results indicated that high temperature played a primary role in aging plastics by depolymerization and degradation through ·OH production, while mechanical forces contributed mainly to surface structure breakdown. The combined effect leads to more serious surface damage, creating holes, cracks, and scratches that provide access for free radical reactions to plastic bulk, thereby accelerating the aging and micronization process. The resulting microplastics were found to be 14.25 ± 0.53 μg L-1. Aged plastics exhibit a rapid aging rate of depolymerization and oxidation compared to virgin plastics due to their weak properties, suggesting a higher potential risk of microplastic generation. This study fills a knowledge gap regarding the aging behavior of plastics under complex and light-avoided landfill conditions, emphasizing the need for increased attention to the evolution process of microplastics from aged plastic waste in landfills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujie Huang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Changfu Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaowen Cheng
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Amin Mojiri
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyong Qian
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yilong Shen
- Shanghai Solid Waste Management Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Shaolin Wu
- Shanghai Solid Waste Management Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schulze HG, Rangan S, Vardaki MZ, Blades MW, Turner RFB, Piret JM. Two-Dimensional Clustering of Spectral Changes for the Interpretation of Raman Hyperspectra. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:835-847. [PMID: 36238996 PMCID: PMC10466967 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221133851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) is a technique that permits the examination of synchronous and asynchronous changes present in hyperspectral data. It produces two-dimensional correlation coefficient maps that represent the mutually correlated changes occurring at all Raman wavenumbers during an implemented perturbation. To focus our analysis on clusters of wavenumbers that tend to change together, we apply a k-means clustering to the wavenumber profiles in the perturbation domain decomposition of the two-dimensional correlation coefficient map. These profiles (or trends) reflect peak intensity changes as a function of the perturbation. We then plot the co-occurrences of cluster members two-dimensionally in a manner analogous to a two-dimensional correlation coefficient map. Because wavenumber profiles are clustered based on their similarity, two-dimensional cluster member spectra reveal which Raman peaks change in a similar manner, rather than how much they are correlated. Furthermore, clustering produces a discrete partitioning of the wavenumbers, thus a two-dimensional cluster member spectrum exhibits a discrete presentation of related Raman peaks as opposed to the more continuous representations in a two-dimensional correlation coefficient map. We demonstrate first the basic principles of the technique with the aid of synthetic data. We then apply it to Raman spectra obtained from a polystyrene perchlorate model system followed by Raman spectra from mammalian cells fixed with different percentages of methanol. Both data sets were designed to produce differential changes in sample components. In both cases, all the peaks pertaining to a given component should then change in a similar manner. We observed that component-based profile clustering did occur for polystyrene and perchlorate in the model system and lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins in the mammalian cell example. This confirmed that the method can translate to "real world" samples. We contrast these results with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy results. To supplement interpretation, we present the cluster-segmented mean spectrum of the hyperspectral data. Overall, this technique is expected to be a valuable adjunct to two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy to further facilitate hyperspectral data interpretation and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shreyas Rangan
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martha Z. Vardaki
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael W. Blades
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robin F. B. Turner
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James M. Piret
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Han Y, Wang Z, Qiao R, Cheng J, Jiang C, Wang H. Study on depolymerization kinetics of formic acid dimers in binary mixture. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37378660 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01876h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polarization Raman spectra were collected for binary mixtures of formic acid/methanol and formic acid/acetonitrile with different volume fractions. The broad band of formic acid in the CO vibration region was divided into four vibration peaks, corresponding to CO symmetric and anti-symmetric stretching vibration from cyclic dimer, CO stretching from open dimer, and CO stretching from the free monomer. The experiments showed that as the volume fraction of formic acid in the binary mixture decreased, the cyclic dimer gradually converted to the open dimer, and at a volume fraction of 0.1, fully depolymerized into monomer form (free monomer, solvated monomer, and hydrogen bonding monomer clusters with solvent). The contribution percentage of the total CO stretching intensity of each structure at different concentrations was quantitatively calculated using high resolution infrared spectroscopy, and the results were consistent with the conclusions predicted by polarization Raman spectroscopy. Concentration-triggered 2D-COS synchronous and asynchronous spectra also confirmed the kinetics of formic acid diluted in acetonitrile. This work provides a spectroscopic method for studying the structure of organic compounds in solution and concentration-triggering kinetics in mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Han
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, College of chemistry and life sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Zian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Ru Qiao
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, College of chemistry and life sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Jianwen Cheng
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, College of chemistry and life sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Caiying Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Huigang Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, College of chemistry and life sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hou X, Li Y, Zhang X, Ge S, Mu Y, Shen J. Unraveling the intracellular and extracellular self-defense of Chlorella sorokiniana toward highly toxic pyridine stress. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129366. [PMID: 37343803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A bottleneck of microalgae-based techniques for wastewater bioremediation is activity inhibition of microalgae by toxic pollutants. The defense strategies of Chlorella sorokinana against toxic pyridine were studied. Results indicated that pyridine caused photoinhibition and reactive oxygen species overproduction in a concentration-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentration of pyridine (147 mg L-1) destroyed C/N balance, disrupted multiple metabolic pathways of C. sorokinana. In response to pyridine stress, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities increased to scavenge reactive oxygen species under pyridine concentrations lower than 23 mg L-1. At higher pyridine concentrations, the activation of calcium signaling pathways and phytohormones represented the predominant defense response. Extracellular polymeric substances increased 3.6-fold in 147 mg L-1 group than control, which interacted with pyridine through hydrophobic and aromatic stacking to resist pyridine entering algal cells. Unraveling the intracellular and extracellular self-defense mechanisms of microalgae against pyridine stress facilitates the development of microalgal-based technology in wastewater bioremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Hou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shijian Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang M, Xiao C, Ding L, Wang T, Guo X. Probing the aging process and mechanism of microplastics under reduction conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131185. [PMID: 36921419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are becoming a class of pollutants with high global concerns. Research on the aging of MPs has focused on oxidative environments, it is of great interest to study the aging of MPs under reduction conditions. In this study, a reduction environment was constructed by purging nitrogen and adding reducing agents (NaBH4, VC, Na2S, C2Na2O4) to understand the aging behavior and mechanism of MPs. The results proved that PVC occurred aging under four reduction conditions, and the aging degree was the strongest under NaBH4 reduction condition. The aged PVC became broken, particle size decreased, and dechlorination phenomenon was observed. These phenomena were more obvious under the reduction condition in light, which was the superposition of photo-aging and reduction aging. The functional group components of PVC changed (C-C/CC increased, and oxygen-containing functional groups decreased) under reduction conditions, but photo-aging was dominant in the light system. Electron transfer occurred during the reduction process, and the EDC of PVC aged increased and EAC decreased. This study may shed light on a highly efficient aging pathway of MPs that is often overlooked in nature, contributing to understanding the aging behavior of MPs in complex environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chuanqi Xiao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ling Ding
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Petit T, Lounasvuori M, Chemin A, Bärmann P. Nanointerfaces: Concepts and Strategies for Optical and X-ray Spectroscopic Characterization. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:263-278. [PMID: 37249937 PMCID: PMC10214513 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces at the nanoscale, also called nanointerfaces, play a fundamental role in physics and chemistry. Probing the chemical and electronic environment at nanointerfaces is essential in order to elucidate chemical processes relevant for applications in a variety of fields. Many spectroscopic techniques have been applied for this purpose, although some approaches are more appropriate than others depending on the type of the nanointerface and the physical properties of the different phases. In this Perspective, we introduce the major concepts to be considered when characterizing nanointerfaces. In particular, the interplay between the characteristic length of the nanointerfaces, and the probing and information depths of different spectroscopy techniques is discussed. Differences between nano- and bulk interfaces are explained and illustrated with chosen examples from optical and X-ray spectroscopies, focusing on solid-liquid nanointerfaces. We hope that this Perspective will help to prepare spectroscopic characterization of nanointerfaces and stimulate interest in the development of new spectroscopic techniques adapted to the nanointerfaces.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hu S, Zhang H, Yang Y, Wang W, Zhou W, Shen X, Liu C. Reductive Sequestration of Cr(VI) and Immobilization of C during the Microbially Mediated Transformation of Ferrihydrite-Cr(VI)-Fulvic Acid Coprecipitates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37216216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI) detoxification and organic matter (OM) stabilization are usually influenced by the biological transformation of iron (Fe) minerals; however, the underlying mechanisms of metal-reducing bacteria on the coupled kinetics of Fe minerals, Cr, and OM remain unclear. Here, the reductive sequestration of Cr(VI) and immobilization of fulvic acid (FA) during the microbially mediated phase transformation of ferrihydrite with varying Cr/Fe ratios were investigated. No phase transformation occurred until Cr(VI) was completely reduced, and the ferrihydrite transformation rate decreased as the Cr/Fe ratio increased. Microscopic analysis was uncovered, which revealed that the resulting Cr(III) was incorporated into the lattice structure of magnetite and goethite, whereas OM was mainly adsorbed on goethite and magnetite surfaces and located within pore spaces. Fine line scan profiles showed that OM adsorbed on the Fe mineral surface had a lower oxidation state than that within nanopores, and C adsorbed on the magnetite surface had the highest oxidation state. During reductive transformation, the immobilization of FA by Fe minerals was predominantly via surface complexation, and OM with highly aromatic and unsaturated structures and low H/C ratios was easily adsorbed by Fe minerals or decomposed by bacteria, whereas Cr/Fe ratios had little effect on the binding of Fe minerals and OM and the variations in OM components. Owing to the inhibition of crystalline Fe minerals and nanopore formation in the presence of Cr, Cr sequestration and C immobilization can be synchronously favored at low Cr/Fe ratios. These findings provide a profound theoretical basis for Cr detoxification and synchronous sequestration of Cr and C in anoxic soils and sediments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Hu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Institute of Geography, Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Shen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongxuan Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang H, Wang Z, Jian J, Jiang C, Pan L. The intermolecular polar bond interaction and coupling induced spectral splitting phenomenon for a binary mixture. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13999-14004. [PMID: 37194330 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01391j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To explain the polarization Raman noncoincidence effect of specific polar bonds and the noncoincidence phenomenon between FT-Raman and FT-IR spectra, aggregation-induced spectral splitting theory was proposed. In this paper, the vibration splitting theory was demonstrated using two strategies: improving the spectral resolution with cryogenic matrix isolation techniques and identifying cases where the coupling splitting is large enough to be distinguishable. The monomer and dimer splitting bands of acetone were detected when cryogenically isolated by the Ar matrix. Additionally, the polarization Raman and two-dimensional infrared spectra of a β-propiolactone (PIL)/CCl4 binary mixture were collected at room temperature, and the spectral splitting phenomenon was clearly observed. The dynamic transformation between the monomer and dimer could be achieved and detected by adjusting the PIL concentration. The observed splitting phenomenon was further confirmed by theoretical DFT calculations based on the monomer and dimer of PIL, as well as the FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of PIL. Concentration-triggered 2D-COS synchronous and asynchronous spectra also confirmed the splitting phenomenon and the dilution kinetics of PIL/CCl4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huigang Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Zian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiwen Jian
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Caiying Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lanying Pan
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang Y, Liu H, Geng F, Yang P, Lü J, Li X. Label-free analysis of biofilm phenotypes by infrared micro- and correlation spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04741-4. [PMID: 37193875 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The methodology development for deeply describing the complex biofilm phenotypes is an urgent demand for understanding their basic biology and the central clinic relevance. Here, we developed an infrared microspectroscopy-based method for the quantitative evaluation and description of biofilm phenotypic characteristics by calculating the spectral similarity of the infrared data. Using this approach, we revealed the phenotypic variation during the biofilm formation process and biofilm heterogeneity between two E. coli strains. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy was further combined to deeply investigate the biochemical component evolution sequences during E. coli biofilm formation and revealed the first-order of the polysaccharide molecules change, expanding new opportunities for infrared microspectroscopy in revealing molecule evolution in the biofilm formation. This novel development offers a label-free optical toolkit for the bioanalytical analysis of biofilm phenotypes but also paves the way for screening the drugs to modulate the structure and ecology of biofilm microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Huiping Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Feng Geng
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Pan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Junhong Lü
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250000, China.
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xueling Li
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gaikwad S, Urban MW. Ring-and-Lock Interactions in Self-Healable Styrenic Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9693-9699. [PMID: 37068169 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Commodity copolymers offer many useful applications, and their durability is critical in maintaining desired functions and retaining sustainability. These studies show that primarily alternating styrene/n-butyl acrylate [p(Sty/nBA)] copolymers self-heal without external intervention when monomer molar ratios are within the 45:55-53:47 range. This behavior is attributed to the favorable interchain interactions between aliphatic nBA side groups being sandwiched by aromatic rings forming ring-and-lock associations driven by pi-sigma-pi (π-σ-π) interactions. Guided by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with spectroscopic and thermomechanical analysis, the ring-and-lock interchain van der Waals forces between π orbitals of aromatic rings and sigma components of aliphatic side groups are responsible for self-healing. Despite the frequent occurrence of these interactions in biological systems (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides), these largely unexplored weak and ubiquitous molecular forces between the soft acid aliphatic and soft base aromatic electrons may be valuable assets in the development of polymeric materials with sustainable properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samruddhi Gaikwad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Marek W Urban
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang X, Yu H, Gao H, Lu K, Liu D. Explore variations of DOM components in different landcover areas of riparian zone by EEM-PARAFAC and partial least squares structural equation model. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 291:122300. [PMID: 36764052 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays key roles in species-distribution of contaminants and the biogeochemical cycle of carbon in ecosystems. Riparian zone is the representative of water-land ecotone and controls the DOM exchange between water and land. However, the variance of DOM in different landcover areas of an urban river riparian zone is unknown. In this study, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was applied to character dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions in four types of landcover riparian areas (natural forest, artificial forest, semi-natural grassland, and cropland) of Puhe River and trace latent factors. Soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, and 60-80 cm. The results showed that soil DOM components and humification varied between forests with grassland and cropland samples, and soil humification was obviously higher in the forest samples than that in the grassland and cropland samples. In the natural and artificial forest soils, the humic/fulvic-like were the dominant fractions of DOM, whose variations were smaller than the protein-like with soil depths. However, the tyrosine-like was the representative component in the grassland and cropland soils, whose variation was smaller than the humus substances. According to the PLS-SEM, the DOM components and humification were affected by soil physiochemical properties and DOM sources. The humification in the forest soils had a positive correlation with tryptophan-like, which derived from blended source of the autochthonous and terrigenous. Nevertheless, a positive correlation was observed between humification and humus substances, which could derive from microbial degradation of tyrosine-like, in the grassland and cropland soils. Moreover, the soil physiochemical properties were negatively related to DOM components in all soil samples, which could affect indirectly soil humification. Therefore, EEM combined with PARAFAC and PLS-SEM might be an effective method to investigate DOM fractions and trace the latent factors in different landcover areas of the riparian zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Huibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Hongjie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Kuotian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ren X, Han Y, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Tsui TH, Wang Q. Elucidating the characteristic of leachates released from microplastics under different aging conditions: Perspectives of dissolved organic carbon fingerprints and nano-plastics. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119786. [PMID: 36848850 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies that have been devoted to investigating the aging behaviors of microplastics (MPs), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nano-plastics (NPs) released from MPs under different aging conditions were limited. Herein, the characterizations and underlying mechanisms of DOC and NPs leaching from MPs (PVC and PS) in the aquatic environment for 130 days under different aging conditions were investigated. The results showed that aging could reduce the abundance of MPs, and high temperature and UV aging generated small-sized MPs (< 100 μm), especially UV aging. DOC-releasing characteristics were related to MP type and aging condition. Meanwhile, MPs were prone to release protein-like and hydrophilic substances except for 60 °C aging of PS MPs. Additionally, 8.77 × 109-8.87 × 1010 and 4.06 × 109-3.94 × 1010 NPs/L were detected in leachates from PVC and PS MPs-aged treatments, respectively. High temperature and UV promoted the release of NPs, especially UV irradiation. Meanwhile, smaller sizes and rougher NPs were observed in UV-aged treatments, implying higher ecological risks of leachates from MPs under UV aging. This study highlights the leachate released from MPs under different aging conditions comprehensively, which could offset the knowledge gap between the MPs' aging and their potential threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Ye Han
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Haoran Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - To-Hung Tsui
- NUS Environment Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu R, Chen Y, Wu X, Fu J, Ou H. Modifications to microplastics by potassium ferrate(VI): impacts on sorption and sinking capability in water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53807-53816. [PMID: 36867338 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pre-treatment (oxidation) may induce potential modifications to microplastics (MPs), further affecting their behaviors and removal efficiency in drinking water treatment plants. Herein, potassium ferrate(VI) oxidation was tested as a pre-treatment for MPs with four polymer types and three sizes each. Surface oxidation occurred with morphology destruction and oxidized bond generation, which were prosperous under low acid conditions (pH 3). As pH increased, the generation and attachment of nascent state ferric oxides (FexOx) gradually became dominant, making MP-FexOx complexes. These FexOx were identified as Fe(III) compounds, including Fe2O3 and FeOOH, firmly attaching to the MP surface. Using ciprofloxacin as the targeted organic contaminant, the presence of FexOx enhanced MP sorption dramatically, e.g., the kinetic constant Kf of ciprofloxacin raised from 0.206 (6.5 μm polystyrene) to 1.062 L g-1 (polystyrene-FexOx) after oxidation at pH 6. The sinking performance of MPs was enhanced, especially for small MPs (< 10 μm), which could be attributed to the increasing density and hydrophilicity. For instance, the sinking ratio of 6.5 μm polystyrene increased by 70% after pH 6 oxidation. In general, ferrate pre-oxidation possesses multiple enhanced removals of MPs and organic contaminants through adsorption and sinking, reducing the potential risk of MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Yuheng Chen
- Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Xinni Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jianwei Fu
- Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Huase Ou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
- Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu C, Zhang X, Liu J, Li Z, Zhang Z, Gong Y, Bai X, Tan C, Li H, Li J, Hu Y. Ageing characteristics and microplastic release behavior from rainwater facilities under ROS oxidation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161397. [PMID: 36608825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are ubiquitous in the natural environment that are generated by chemical or biochemical processes. Plastic rainwater facilities, as an important part of modern rainwater systems, are inevitably deteriorated by ROS. As a consequence, microplastics will be released. However, information on how ROS affect the ageing characteristics of plastic rainwater facilities and the subsequent microplastic release behavior is still insufficient. To address this knowledge gap, Fenton reagents were used to simulate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced ageing process of three typical plastic rainwater components (rainwater pipe, made of polyvinyl chloride; modular storage tank, made of polypropylene; inspection well, made of high-density polyethylene) and the subsequent microplastic release behavior. After 6 days of Fenton ageing, an increase in sharpness, holes, and fractures on the rainwater facilities' surface was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The functional group changes on the rainwater facilities' surface were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and compared with the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). During the ageing process, oxygen-containing functional groups were generated and the carbon chains were broken, which promoted peeling and the release of microplastics. The amount of released microplastics (ranging from 158 to 6617 items/g facility) varied with the type of rainwater facilities, and the order was modular storage tank > inspection well > rainwater pipe. The release amount increased with ageing time, and a significant linear relationship was observed (r2 > 0.91). The particle size of the released microplastics ranged from 2 to 1362 μm, among which 10-30 μm particles accounted for the largest proportion (62.7 %). The release amount increased exponentially with decreasing particle size (r2 > 0.71). This study indicates that large amounts of microplastics could be released from plastic rainwater components during ROS-induced ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102442, China
| | - Zhifei Li
- Beijing General Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yongwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China
| | - Xiaojuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chaohong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Junqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China
| | - Yuansheng Hu
- Department of Civil Engineering and Construction, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91YW50, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen P, Shi M, Niu M, Zhang Y, Wang R, Xu J, Wang Y. Effects of HPPD inhibitor herbicides on soybean root exudates: A combination study of multispectral technique and 2D-COS analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 289:122241. [PMID: 36529042 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor herbicides are widely used in modern agriculture. Plant root exudates (REs) play an important role in the adsorption, degradation, migration and transformation of pesticides in soil. In the present study, the structural affinity and interaction mechanism between four HPPD inhibitors (HPPDi) and soybean REs were investigated via multispectral technologies and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2D-COS). UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra showed that mesotrione, tembotrione, sulcotrione and topramezone effectively quench the intrinsic fluorescence of soybean REs through static quenching. The binding constant Ka revealed that the binding ability of HPPDi to soybean REs takes the following order: mesotrione > tembotrione > sulcotrione > topramezone. According to the thermodynamic parameters, the main interaction force between tembotrione, sulcotrione, topramezone and soybean REs is electrostatic interaction, while the main interaction force is a hydrogen bond or van der Waals force between mesotrione and soybean REs. The conformational changes of REs were attributed to HPPDi by 3D spectral evaluation. FTIR spectroscopy and 2D-COS analysis suggested that soybean REs mainly formed stable complexes with HPPDi through functional groups such as carbonyl, carboxyl, methoxy and nitrate, and the first binding groups were carbonyl and carboxyl. These results provide helpful information for the adsorption and desorption process of environmental pollutants on the surface of plants and soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengchen Shi
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengyuan Niu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
De Géa Neves M, Noda I, Siesler HW. Investigation of bread staling by handheld NIR spectroscopy in tandem with 2D-COS and MCR-ALS analysis. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
|
33
|
Singh R, Yadav V, Siddhanta S. Probing plasmon-induced surface reactions using two-dimensional correlation vibrational spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6032-6043. [PMID: 36779479 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has the ability to drive catalytic conversion of the reactant molecules via the production of hot electrons, which in general requires high activation energy. The reactions driven by these hot electrons are critical and essential in various heterogeneous surface catalytic reactions. However, there is a need to understand the dynamics of surface reactions and the underlying mechanism, which are influenced by several factors such as the constitution of the nanoparticle, exposure time, and reaction conditions to name a few. However, the effect of solvent in stabilizing the electron-hole pair, the orientation, and the surface coverage of the analyte are poorly understood due to the limitations of current methods. To get deeper insights into the reaction dynamics, we have demonstrated the combined utility of plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) to study the plasmon-driven conversion of 4-nitrothiophenol on the surface of plasmonic nanoparticles. Interestingly, this combined technique provided us with previously unobservable results regarding surface catalysis by conventional spectroscopic analysis alone. Specifically, for the first time, 2DCOS provided critical insights in bridging the gap in our understanding of the interplay of solvent effect, orientation, and surface packing of the analyte molecules. It was observed that certain species like 4,4-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) or 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) can be selectively formed based on the ordered or disordered phases of the analytes on the surface, thus paving the way to precisely control light-driven reactions through operando spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Soumik Siddhanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang Q, Bai X, Ding L, Zhang X, Zhang L, Shu X, Guo X. Assessment of relationship between aging and contaminant-carryover for different filter layer of surgical mask under urban environmental stressors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130381. [PMID: 36444075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abundant disposable surgical masks (SMs) remain in the environment and continue to age under urban environmental stressors. This study aimed to investigate the aging characteristics of SMs and the effect of different aged layers of SMs on phenanthrene (PHE), tylosin (TYL), and sulfamethazine (SMT) under two different urban environmental stressors (UV and ozone). The results show that UV exposure causes more severe aging of the SM layers than ozone. The middle layer, made of melt-brown fabric, has displayed the highest degree of aging due to its smaller diameter and mechanical strength. The two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) analysis reveals the different aging sequences of functional groups and three layers in aged SMs under the two urban environmental stressors. Whether the SMs are aged or not, the adsorptions of three organic pollutants on SMs are positively correlated with the octanol-water partition coefficient. Furthermore, except for the dominant hydrophobic interaction, aged SMs can promote the adsorption of three organic pollutants by accessory interactions (hydrogen bonding and partition), depending on their structures. These findings highlight the environmental effects of new microplastic (MP) sources and coexisting pollutants under the influence of COVID-19, which is helpful in accurately evaluating the biological toxicity of SMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541000, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541000, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ling Ding
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lishan Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541000, China
| | - Xiaohua Shu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541000, China.
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Feng Z, Zheng Y, Wang H, Feng C, Chen N, Wang S. Sodium humate based double network hydrogel for Cu and Pb removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137558. [PMID: 36526144 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sodium humate (SH) is one of the derivatives humic substances, which can be utilized for heavy metal removal from water due to its containing plenty of functional groups. In this study, a double network hydrogel SH/polyacrylamide (SH/PAM) was synthesized by a simple free-radical polymerization and used for Cu2+ and Pb2+ removal from water. The adsorption process can be well described by Langmuir-Freundlich model, indicating that both physical and chemical adsorption were involved. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization demonstrated that complexation was the main mechanism for the adsorption. Two-dimensional correlation analysis of FTIR (2D-FTIR-COS) results showed that the variation order of functional groups during Cu2+ and Pb2+ adsorption in the following order: COOH ≈ -CO > -OH > C-O and -COOH ≈ C-O > -CO > -OH, respectively. According to the density functional theory (DFT) calculation results, the O atom of SH in the COO- was the main adsorption site. Meanwhile, the adsorption energy of Pb2+ was more negative than that of Cu2+ and the orbital hybridization between O atom of SH and Pb2+ was denser than that of Cu2+, which suggested that SH/PAM had a stronger combining capacity for Pb2+ than Cu2+. Therefore, the adsorption capacity for Pb2+ was larger than Cu2+. Moreover, the removal efficiencies are 30.2% for Al, 98.79% for Cu, 99.0% for Fe, 17.2% for Mn, 93.4% for Pb, and 62.4% for Zn in actual acid mine drainage using 6 g L-1 adsorbent. Collectively, this study not only provided a new adsorbent for heavy metal removal but also explicated the mechanism of heavy metal removal by SH from molecule and electron perspective, which is helpful for the application of SH in the environmental field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yuhan Zheng
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Haishuang Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Shizhong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The synergistic catalytic mechanism between different functional sites of boron/iron on iron oxides in Fenton-like reactions. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
37
|
Liu C, Zhuang J, Xue J, Peng M, Zhang W, Mao L. Passivation mechanism of Cu and Zn with the introduction of composite passivators during anaerobic digestion of pig manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128360. [PMID: 36423767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals in livestock manure pose a threat to the environment after biogas fertilizer being utilized, while its bioavailability is reduced substantially by passivator during the anaerobic digestion. In this study, an optimal composite passivator of humic acid, fly ash and biochar with proportion of 7.5%:7.5%:7.5% and 5.0%:7.5%:7.5% is obtained and the passivation mechanism on Cu and Zn during anaerobic digestion of pig manure is explored. The content of humic acid (HA) in biogas residue increased by 15.66-27.82%, which promoted the transformation from FA-Cu/Zn to HA-Cu/Zn and was beneficial to the passivation of Cu and Zn. The bioavailability of Cu and Zn was reduced by the adsorption and complexation at the early and middle stages of anaerobic digestion. Humic substances play a major role in the passivation of heavy metals at the late stage. The composite passivator can improve the humification degree of biogas residue and reduce heavy metal biotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cunlan Liu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jinhui Xue
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Mingguo Peng
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Linqiang Mao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wu J, Yang C, Zhao H, Shi J, Liu Z, Li C, Song F. Efficient removal of microplastics from aqueous solution by a novel magnetic biochar: performance, mechanism, and reusability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:26914-26928. [PMID: 36374390 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics' (MPs) pollution removal from water bodies has become an urgent task to ensure water quality safety and water ecological security on a global scale. In this work, coprecipitation was employed to investigate the adsorption of MPs by magnetic biochar (MRB) prepared from agricultural waste rice husks in an aquatic system. The results showed that MRB can adsorb up to 99.96% of MPs in water; acidic conditions were favorable for the effective MPs' adsorption reaction, and competing anions had a greater effect on adsorption. The adsorption mechanism results revealed that the adsorption of MPs by MRB was a spontaneous process, and electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions were present in the adsorption process. Furthermore, after the adsorption of MPs, MRB can be recovered by thermal treatment (500 °C) and still exhibits up to 90% MPs adsorption (after four uses). This work reveals that MRB is an inexpensive, efficient, and reusable nanoscale adsorbent for MPs pollution removal in water, which may provide new ideas for microplastic pollution control in the aqueous environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wu
- School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
- Qinba Mountains of Bio-Resource Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chan Yang
- School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
- Qinba Mountains of Bio-Resource Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanghang Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Shi
- School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
- Qinba Mountains of Bio-Resource Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
- Qinba Mountains of Bio-Resource Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
- Qinba Mountains of Bio-Resource Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengmin Song
- School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China.
- Qinba Mountains of Bio-Resource Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Application of Synchrotron Radiation-Based Fourier-Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy for Thermal Imaging of Polymer Thin Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030536. [PMID: 36771835 PMCID: PMC9919785 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermal imaging of surfaces with microscale spatial resolution over micro-sized areas remains a challenging and time-consuming task. Surface thermal imaging is a very important characterization tool in mechanical engineering, microelectronics, chemical process engineering, optics, microfluidics, and biochemistry processing, among others. Within the realm of electronic circuits, this technique has significant potential for investigating hot spots, power densities, and monitoring heat distributions in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) platforms. We present a new technique for remote non-invasive, contactless thermal field mapping using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy. We demonstrate a spatial resolution better than 10 um over areas on the order of 12,000 um2 measured in a polymeric thin film on top of CaF2 substrates. Thermal images were obtained from infrared spectra of poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films heated with a wire. The temperature dependence of the collected infrared spectra was analyzed via linear regression and machine learning algorithms, namely random forest and k-nearest neighbor algorithms. This approach speeds up signal analysis and allows for the generation of hyperspectral temperature maps. The results here highlight the potential of infrared absorbance to serve as a remote method for the quantitative determination of heat distribution, thermal properties, and the existence of hot spots, with implications in CMOS technologies and other electronic devices.
Collapse
|
40
|
Ding L, Guo X, Du S, Cui F, Zhang Y, Liu P, Ouyang Z, Jia H, Zhu L. Insight into the Photodegradation of Microplastics Boosted by Iron (Hydr)oxides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17785-17794. [PMID: 36472936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (hydr)oxides as a kind of natural mineral actively participate in the transformation of organic pollutants, but there is a large knowledge gap in their impacts on photochemical processes of microplastics (MPs). This study is the first to examine the degradation of two ordinary plastic materials, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), mediated by iron (hydr)oxides (goethite and hematite) under simulated solar light irradiation. Both iron (hydr)oxides significantly promoted the degradation of MPs (particularly PP) with a greater effect by goethite than hematite, related to hydroxyl radical (•OH) produced by iron (hydr)oxides. Under light irradiation, the surface Fe(II) phase catalyzed the production of H2O2 and promoted the release of Fe2+, leading to the subsequent light-driven Fenton reaction which produced a large amount of •OH. As the iron (hydr)oxides were modified with NaF at various concentrations, the activity of the surface Fe(II) as well as the release of Fe2+ were greatly reduced, and thus the •OH formation and MP degradation were depressed remarkably. It is worth noting that the surface hydroxyl groups (especially ≡FeOH) affected the reaction kinetics of •OH by regulating the activity of Fe species. These findings unveil the distinct impacts and intrinsic mechanisms of iron (hydr)oxides in influencing the photodegradation of MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shengwen Du
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengyi Cui
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhuozhi Ouyang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li F, Zhai X, Yao M, Bai X. An inevitable but underestimated photoaging behavior of plastic waste in the aquatic environment: Critical role of nitrate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120307. [PMID: 36181943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoaging is an important reaction for waste plastics in the aquatic environment and plays a key role in the lifetime of plastics. Nevertheless, when natural photosensitive substances such as nitrate participate in this process, the physiochemical changes in plastics and the corresponding reaction mechanisms are not well-understood. In this work, the photochemical behavior of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles in deionized water and nitrate solution was systematically investigated under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The analyses of the surface physicochemical properties of the photoaged PET bottles indicated that, after 20 days of photo-irradiation, the presence of nitrate reduced the contact angle from 69.8 ± 0.9° to 60.0 ± 0.3°, and increased the O/C ratio from 0.23 to 0.32, respectively. The leaching rate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which was 0.0193 mg g-1·day-1 in nitrate solution, was twice that of 0.00941 mg g-1·day-1 in deionized water. Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the increasing DOC had aromatic rings with hydroxyl on the side-chain formed after UV irradiation. The positive effect of nitrate on the degradation of PET bottles was mainly through the generation of hydroxyl radicals that were produced through the photolysis of nitrate. In addition, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis showed that the chain scission of PET plastics could be initiated by nitrate-induced ·OH attacking the carbon-oxygen bonds instead of forming peroxides with oxygen. This work elucidates the mechanism of photodegradation of plastics that was induced by nitrate and highlights the important role of natural photosensitive substances in the photoaging process of plastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Xue Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Mingxuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zuo S, Ding Y, Guan Z, Zhang Y, Li D. Carbon-coated MIL-101(Fe) core-shell tandem mediates the directional conversion of SO4·- to 1O2 to realize efficient removal of Bisphenol A. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
43
|
Lu Y, Hu S, Zhang H, Song Q, Zhou W, Shen X, Xia D, Yang Y, Zhu H, Liu C. Effect of humic acid on bioreduction of facet-dependent hematite by Shewanella putrefaciens CN-32. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157713. [PMID: 35914600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial reactions between iron (Fe) (hydr)oxide surfaces and the activity of bacteria during dissimilatory Fe reduction affect extracellular electron transfer. The presence of organic matter (OM) and exposed facets of Fe (hydr)oxides influence this process. However, the underlying interfacial mechanism of facet-dependent hematite and its toxicity toward microbes during bioreduction in the presence of OM remains unknown. Herein, humic acid (HA), as typical OM, was selected to investigate its effect on the bioreduction of hematite {100} and {001}. When HA concentration was increased from 0 to 500 mg L-1, the bioreduction rates increased from 0.02 h-1 to 0.04 h-1 for hematite {100} and from 0.026 h-1 to 0.05 h-1 for hematite {001}. Since hematite {001} owned lower resistance than hematite {100} irrespective of the HA concentration, and hematite {100} was less favorable for reduction. Microscopy-based analysis showed that more hematite {001} nanoparticles adhered to the cell surface and were bound more closely to the bacteria. Moreover, less cell damage was observed in the HA-hematite {001} treatments. As the reaction progressed, some bacterial cells died or were inactivated; confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that bacterial survival was higher in the HA-hematite {001} treatments than in the HA-hematite {100} treatments after bioreduction. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that facet-dependent binding was primarily realized by surface complexation of carboxyl functional groups with structural Fe atoms, and that the binding order of HA functional groups and hematite was affected by the exposed facets. The exposed facets of hematite could influence the electrochemical properties and activity of bacteria, as well as the binding of bacteria and Fe oxides in the presence of OM, thereby governing the extracellular electron transfer and concomitant bioreduction of Fe (hydr)oxides. These results provide new insights into the interfacial reactions between OM and facet-dependent Fe oxides in anoxic, OM-rich soil and sediment environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmei Song
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Shen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Xia
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyan Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongxuan Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Study on the configuration isomerism of [V6B20O50]16− cluster cage. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
45
|
Kraińska M, Wesełucha-Birczyńska A. Application of 2D correlation analysis in FT - Raman investigations of quinidine aqueous solutions with varying pH. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121417. [PMID: 35636141 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of FT-Raman spectra of quinidine (C20H24N2O2) aqueous solutions with varying pH (which was regarded as an external perturbation) was performed using the 2D correlation method. The main course of changes in the quinidine solution appears to be: protonation changes of the quinuclidine nitrogen N1, followed by protonation changes of nitrogen N13 in the quinoline, leading to the appearance of cross-peaks in the synchronous and asynchronous correlation maps. The intensity changes of peaks at 1369 cm-1 for the unprotonated quinidine molecule, and characteristic peaks at 1387 cm-1 and 1389 cm-1 for protonated quinuclidine and double protonated quinidine, respectively, along with the decrease in pH, confirmed that the change in the pH of the quinidine solution has an influence on the protonation process of the Cinchona alkaloid. The negative synchronous and asynchronous cross-peaks at (1385, 823) cm-1 and (1387, 822) cm-1, respectively, indicate the importance of remodeling the quinoline fragment, during the process of a double protonation of the quinidine molecule. Bands correlating with 2809 cm-1 confirmed the importance of the methoxy group in the process of quinidine protonation. The creation of hydrogen bonds after double protonation of the Cinchona alkaloids, assisted by the CH3-O group, give an interesting insight into the changes in the studied compound occurring along with a decrease in pH.
Collapse
|
46
|
Witteveen M, Sterenborg HJCM, van Leeuwen TG, Aalders MCG, Ruers TJM, Post AL. Comparison of preprocessing techniques to reduce nontissue-related variations in hyperspectral reflectance imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:106003. [PMID: 36207772 PMCID: PMC9541333 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.10.106003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hyperspectral reflectance imaging can be used in medicine to identify tissue types, such as tumor tissue. Tissue classification algorithms are developed based on, e.g., machine learning or principle component analysis. For the development of these algorithms, data are generally preprocessed to remove variability in data not related to the tissue itself since this will improve the performance of the classification algorithm. In hyperspectral imaging, the measured spectra are also influenced by reflections from the surface (glare) and height variations within and between tissue samples. AIM To compare the ability of different preprocessing algorithms to decrease variations in spectra induced by glare and height differences while maintaining contrast based on differences in optical properties between tissue types. APPROACH We compare eight preprocessing algorithms commonly used in medical hyperspectral imaging: standard normal variate, multiplicative scatter correction, min-max normalization, mean centering, area under the curve normalization, single wavelength normalization, first derivative, and second derivative. We investigate conservation of contrast stemming from differences in: blood volume fraction, presence of different absorbers, scatter amplitude, and scatter slope-while correcting for glare and height variations. We use a similarity metric, the overlap coefficient, to quantify contrast between spectra. We also investigate the algorithms for clinical datasets from the colon and breast. CONCLUSIONS Preprocessing reduces the overlap due to glare and distance variations. In general, the algorithms standard normal variate, min-max, area under the curve, and single wavelength normalization are the most suitable to preprocess data used to develop a classification algorithm for tissue classification. The type of contrast between tissue types determines which of these four algorithms is most suitable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Witteveen
- the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Surgical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, Science and Technology, Nanobiophysics, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Surgical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G. van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice C. G. Aalders
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, Co van Ledden Hulsebosch Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. M. Ruers
- the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Surgical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, Science and Technology, Nanobiophysics, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk L. Post
- the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Surgical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu XY, Ma JY, Duan JL, Sun XD, Feng LJ, Li XH, Han Y, Zhang KX, Zhang M, Wang Y, Liu MY, Sun YC, Yuan XZ. The surface groups of polystyrene nanoparticles control their interaction with the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118993. [PMID: 36007401 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the interaction between nanoplastics and archaea is crucial to fill the knowledge gaps regarding the ecological safety of nanoplastics. As a vital source for global methane emissions, methanogenic archaea have unique cell membranes that are distinctly different from those in all other forms of life, little is known about their interaction with nanoplastics. Here, we show that polystyrene nanoparticles functionalized with sulfonic acid (PS-SO3H) and amino (PS-NH2) interact with this methanogenic archaeon in distinct ways. Although both of them have no significant phenotype effects on Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A, these nanoparticles could affect DNA-mediated transposition of this methanogenic archaeon, and PS-SO3H also downregulated nitrogen fixation, nitrogen cycle metabolic process, oxidoreductase activity, etc. In addition, both nanoplastics decreased the protein contents in the extracellular polymer substances (EPS), with distinct binding sequences to the functional groups of the EPS. The single particle atomic force microscopy revealed that the force between the amino group and the M. acetivorans C2A was greater than that of sulfonic acid group. Our results exhibit that the surface groups of polystyrene nanoparticles control their risk on the methanogenic archaea, and these effects might influence their contribution on global methane emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Jing-Ya Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Jian-Lu Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China; College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hua Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yi Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Mou Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Mei-Yan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yu-Chen Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xian-Zheng Yuan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China; Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment (ISFREE), Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Luo H, Liu C, He D, Sun J, Zhang A, Li J, Pan X. Interactions between polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs) and humic acid influenced by aging of MPs. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118921. [PMID: 35932707 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging pollutant, microplastics (MPs) may interact with dissolved organic matter (DOM) which is prevalent in the aqueous environment. Meanwhile, the aging of MPs in the actual environment increases the uncertainty of their environmental fate. Here, the interaction mechanisms between pristine and aged polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs) and humic acid (HA) at pH 7.0 were explored. Microstructural changes of HA were examined by fluorescence and Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy coupled with infrared (AFM-IR) and micro-Raman techniques were used to characterize and analyze the interacted PP-MPs. The addition of HA increased the surface roughness of both pristine and aged PP-MPs. Results of AFM-IR and Raman spectra showed that the interaction of PP-MPs with HA accelerated their surface oxidation and enhanced the characteristic signals. XPS spectra showed that the oxygen content ratio of pristine and aged PP-MPs increased by 0.95% and 1.48% after the addition of HA, respectively. PP-MPs after aging interacted more strongly with HA and there was a higher affinity between them. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) combined with FT-IR spectra further elucidated the interaction mechanism at the molecular level. This work will help to evaluate the environmental impact of MPs in ecosystems and understand their interactions with DOM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Dongqin He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jianqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Anping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hu Q, Wang R, Gan Y, Zhang Y, Bao H, Zhang L, Qu G, Wang T. Chlorinated disinfection by-product formation during DOM removal by discharge plasma: Insights into DOC structure alterations. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
50
|
Liu Y, Li H, Wang R, Hu Q, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhou J, Qu G, Wang T, Jia H, Zhu L. Underlying mechanisms of promoted formation of haloacetic acids disinfection byproducts after indometacin degradation by non-thermal discharge plasma. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118701. [PMID: 35667169 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indometacin (IDM), as a kind of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, has ecological and health risks, which is the potential precursor of chlorination disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Non-thermal discharge plasma was attempted to eliminate IDM and control subsequent DBPs formation. Satisfactory removal performance for IDM was realized by the plasma oxidation; almost 100% of IDM was removed within 2 min. Relatively greater removal efficiency was gained at a higher plasma voltage and a lower pH level. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer revealed that reactive species ·OH, O2·-, and 1O2 were responsible for IDM decomposition. Based on analyses of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, attacks of reactive species resulted in sequence breakages in functional groups of IDM, leading to production of small molecular alcohols, acids, and amines. Possible decomposition pathways of IDM were proposed. The produced acetamide and 1H-indol-5-ol were important precursors of DBPs. Formation and toxicity of nitrogen-containing DBPs were dramatically inhibited after IDM degradation; however, those of haloacetic acids were strengthened. The relevant roadmaps among DBPs and degradation intermediates were figured out. This study revealed the underlying mechanisms of IDM degradation by discharge plasma and its potential risks in chlorination disinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hu Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruigang Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qian Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Chengde Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Drinking Water Safety Testing Technology Innovation Center, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guangzhou Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|