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Lani R, Thariq IM, Suhaimi NS, Hassandarvish P, Abu Bakar S. From defense to offense: Modulating toll-like receptors to combat arbovirus infections. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2306675. [PMID: 38263674 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2306675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are a significant threat to global public health, with outbreaks occurring worldwide. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response against these viruses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and initiating an inflammatory response. Significantly, TLRs commonly implicated in the immune response against viral infections include TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8; limiting or allowing them to replicate and spread within the host. Modulating TLRs has emerged as a promising approach to combat arbovirus infections. This review summarizes recent advances in TLR modulation as a therapeutic target in arbovirus infections. Studies have shown that the activation of TLRs can enhance the immune response against arbovirus infections, leading to increased viral clearance and protection against disease. Conversely, inhibition of TLRs can reduce the excessive inflammation and tissue damage associated with arbovirus infection. Modulating TLRs represents a potential therapeutic strategy to combat arbovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Lani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ilya Maisarah Thariq
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nuramira Syazreen Suhaimi
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abu Bakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Shaukat A, Hanif S, Shaukat I, Rajput SA, Shukat R, Huang SC, H Almutairi M, Shaukat S, Ali M, Hassan M, Kiani FA, Su RW. Up-regulation of inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptotic mediators via inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptosis-associated pathways in bovine endometritis. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106660. [PMID: 38657710 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Endometritis is the inflammation of the endothelial lining of the uterine lumen and is multifactorial in etiology. Escherichia (E.) coli is a Gram-negative bacteria, generally considered as a primary causative agent for bovine endometritis. Bovine endometritis is characterized by the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by E. coli, which in turn triggers inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the gene expression of inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptotic markers related to endometritis in the uteri of cows. Twenty uterine tissues were collected from the abattoir. Histologically, congestion, edema, hyperemia, and hemorrhagic lesions with massive infiltration of neutrophil and cell necrosis were detected markedly (P < 0.05) in infected uterine samples. Additionally, we identify E. coli using the ybbW gene (177 base pairs; E. coli-specific gene) from infected uterine samples. Moreover, qPCR and western blot results indicated that TLR2, TLR4, proinflammatory mediators, and apoptosis-mediated genes upregulated except Bcl-2, which is antiapoptotic, and there were downregulations of oxidative stress-related genes in the infected uterine tissue. The results of our study suggested that different gene expression regimes related to the immune system reflex were activated in infected uteri. This research gives a novel understanding of active immunological response in bovine endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Shaukat
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sana Hanif
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Irfan Shaukat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Department of Animal Feed and Production, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Shukat
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition & Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shu-Cheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadab Shaukat
- Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Mehboob Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mubashar Hassan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Faisal Ayub Kiani
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ren-Wei Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wu H, Li C, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wu D, Shao J, Wang T, Wang C. Transcriptomics Reveals Effect of Pulsatilla Decoction Butanol Extract in Alleviating Vulvovaginal Candidiasis by Inhibiting Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Activation via TLR4 Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:594. [PMID: 38794163 PMCID: PMC11124330 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The Pulsatilla decoction is a well-known herbal remedy used in clinical settings for treating vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). However, the specific mechanism that makes it effective is still unclear. Recent studies have shown that in cases of VVC, neutrophils recruited to the vagina, influenced by heparan sulfate (HS), do not successfully engulf Candida albicans (C. albicans). Instead, they release many inflammatory factors that cause damage to the vaginal mucosa. This study aims to understand the molecular mechanism by which the n-butanol extract of Pulsatilla decoction (BEPD) treats VVC through transcriptomics. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify the primary active components of BEPD. A VVC mouse model was induced using an estrogen-dependent method and the mice were treated daily with BEPD (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg) for seven days. The vaginal lavage fluid of the mice was analyzed for various experimental indices, including fungal morphology, fungal burden, degree of neutrophil infiltration, and cytokines. Various assessments were then performed on mouse vaginal tissues, including pathological assessment, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot (WB), quantitative real-time PCR, and transcriptome assays. Our results showed that BEPD reduced vaginal redness and swelling, decreased white discharge, inhibited C. albicans hyphae formation, reduced neutrophil infiltration and fungal burden, and attenuated vaginal tissue damage compared with the VVC model group. The high-dose BEPD group even restored the damaged vaginal tissue to normal levels. The medium- and high-dose groups of BEPD also significantly reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and LDH. Additionally, transcriptomic results showed that BEPD regulated several chemokine (CXCL1, CXCL3, and CXCL5) and S100 alarmin (S100A8 and S100A9) genes, suggesting that BEPD may treat VVC by affecting chemokine- and alarmin-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis. Finally, we verified that BEPD protects the vaginal mucosa of VVC mice by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment and chemotaxis in an animal model of VVC via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. This study provides further evidence to elucidate the mechanism of BEPD treatment of VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (H.W.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (D.W.); (J.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Can Li
- School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (H.W.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (D.W.); (J.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Yemei Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (H.W.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (D.W.); (J.S.); (T.W.)
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Mengxiang Zhang
- School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (H.W.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (D.W.); (J.S.); (T.W.)
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (H.W.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (D.W.); (J.S.); (T.W.)
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jing Shao
- School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (H.W.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (D.W.); (J.S.); (T.W.)
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (H.W.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (D.W.); (J.S.); (T.W.)
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Changzhong Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (H.W.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (D.W.); (J.S.); (T.W.)
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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Johnson DM, Khakhum N, Wang M, Warner NL, Jokinen JD, Comer JE, Lukashevich IS. Pathogenic and Apathogenic Strains of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Have Distinct Entry and Innate Immune Activation Pathways. Viruses 2024; 16:635. [PMID: 38675975 PMCID: PMC11053560 DOI: 10.3390/v16040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and Lassa virus (LASV) share many genetic and biological features including subtle differences between pathogenic and apathogenic strains. Despite remarkable genetic similarity, the viscerotropic WE strain of LCMV causes a fatal LASV fever-like hepatitis in non-human primates (NHPs) while the mouse-adapted Armstrong (ARM) strain of LCMV is deeply attenuated in NHPs and can vaccinate against LCMV-WE challenge. Here, we demonstrate that internalization of WE is more sensitive to the depletion of membrane cholesterol than ARM infection while ARM infection is more reliant on endosomal acidification. LCMV-ARM induces robust NF-κB and interferon response factor (IRF) activation while LCMV-WE seems to avoid early innate sensing and failed to induce strong NF-κB and IRF responses in dual-reporter monocyte and epithelial cells. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) signaling appears to play a critical role in NF-κB activation and the silencing of TLR-2 shuts down IL-6 production in ARM but not in WE-infected cells. Pathogenic LCMV-WE infection is poorly recognized in early endosomes and failed to induce TLR-2/Mal-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines. Following infection, Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) expression is diminished in LCMV-ARM- but not LCMV-WE-infected cells, which indicates it is likely involved in the LCMV-ARM NF-κB activation. By confocal microscopy, ARM and WE strains have similar intracellular trafficking although LCMV-ARM infection appears to coincide with greater co-localization of early endosome marker EEA1 with TLR-2. Both strains co-localize with Rab-7, a late endosome marker, but the interaction with LCMV-WE seems to be more prolonged. These findings suggest that LCMV-ARM's intracellular trafficking pathway may facilitate interaction with innate immune sensors, which promotes the induction of effective innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M. Johnson
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Louisville, KY 94202, USA (I.S.L.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 94202, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (N.K.); (J.E.C.)
- Sandia National Laboratories, Department of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Nittaya Khakhum
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (N.K.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 94202, USA;
| | - Nikole L. Warner
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Louisville, KY 94202, USA (I.S.L.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 94202, USA
| | - Jenny D. Jokinen
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Louisville, KY 94202, USA (I.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 94202, USA;
| | - Jason E. Comer
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (N.K.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Louisville, KY 94202, USA (I.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 94202, USA;
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Corda PO, Bollen M, Ribeiro D, Fardilha M. Emerging roles of the Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) in the context of viral infections. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:65. [PMID: 38267954 PMCID: PMC10807198 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase in eukaryotes, participating in several cellular processes and metabolic pathways. Due to their low substrate specificity, PP1's catalytic subunits do not exist as free entities but instead bind to Regulatory Interactors of Protein Phosphatase One (RIPPO), which regulate PP1's substrate specificity and subcellular localization. Most RIPPOs bind to PP1 through combinations of short linear motifs (4-12 residues), forming highly specific PP1 holoenzymes. These PP1-binding motifs may, hence, represent attractive targets for the development of specific drugs that interfere with a subset of PP1 holoenzymes. Several viruses exploit the host cell protein (de)phosphorylation machinery to ensure efficient virus particle formation and propagation. While the role of many host cell kinases in viral life cycles has been extensively studied, the targeting of phosphatases by viral proteins has been studied in less detail. Here, we compile and review what is known concerning the role of PP1 in the context of viral infections and discuss how it may constitute a putative host-based target for the development of novel antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro O Corda
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Agarwal M, Kumar M, Pathak R, Bala K, Kumar A. Exploring TLR signaling pathways as promising targets in cervical cancer: The road less traveled. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:227-261. [PMID: 38663961 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for women globally. Despite notable advancements in prevention and treatment, the identification of novel therapeutic targets remains crucial for cervical cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in innate immunity as pattern-recognition receptors. There are several types of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including those present in cervical cancer cells, which have the ability to activate toll-like receptors (TLRs). Recent studies have revealed dysregulated toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways in cervical cancer, leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that can facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. Consequently, TLRs hold significant promise as potential targets for innovative therapeutic agents against cervical cancer. This book chapter explores the role of TLR signaling pathways in cervical cancer, highlighting their potential for targeted therapy while addressing challenges such as tumor heterogeneity and off-target effects. Despite these obstacles, targeting TLR signaling pathways presents a promising approach for the development of novel and effective treatments for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Agarwal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajiv Pathak
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kumud Bala
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- National Institute of Biologicals, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Feng X, Zhang H, Hu K, Shi G, Wu D, Shao J, Wang T, Wang C. Longdan Xiegan decoction ameliorates vulvovaginal candidiasis by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome via the Toll-like receptor /MyD88 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116869. [PMID: 37390876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Longdan Xiegan decoction (LXD) is a standardized herbal prescription originally documented in the "Medical Formula Collection" by the eminent physician Wang Ang during the Qing dynasty. It has been used extensively to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). However, despite its effectiveness, the mechanism of action remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the mechanism by which LXD relieves VVC via the Toll-like receptor/MyD88 pathway and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female Kunming mice (n = 96) were randomly divided into six groups: control, VVC model, LXD (10/20/40 mL/kg), and positive drug fluconazole. Mice were vaginally administered Candida albicans (C. albicans) solution (20 μL; 1 × 108 colony-forming units/mL), suspended for 5 min, and observed daily for changes in their condition. Continuous dilution was used to determine the number of colony-forming units. Gram, periodic acid-Schiff, Papanicolaou, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to determine the extent of infection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to determine the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 protein expression were determined using western blotting. RESULTS C. albicans infection destroyed the integrity of the vaginal mucosa, increased fungal burden and the influx of neutrophils into the vaginal cavity, and promoted the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. C. albicans stimulated the expression of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 in vaginal tissue. Fungal burden, hyphal formation, and C. albicans adhesion were reduced in the 20 and 40 mL/kg LXD groups. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that inflammation was reduced and the stratum corneum had recovered in the 20 and 40 mL/kg LXD groups. LXD (20 and 40 mL/kg) significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-18 levels and the number of neutrophils in vaginal lavage and decreased TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS This study systematically demonstrated the therapeutic effect of LXD on protein expression and pathological conditions in VVC mice. The results showed that LXD could eliminate the invasion of vaginal hyphae in mice, reduce the recruitment of neutrophils, and reduce the expression of TLR/MyD88 pathway-related proteins and NLRP3 inflammasome. The above results clearly indicate that LXD may profoundly regulate NLRP3 inflammasome through the TLR/MyD88 pathway and play a therapeutic role in VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Kaifan Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Changzhong Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.
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Kayesh MEH, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants in the prevention of viral infections: an overview. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1249718. [PMID: 38179453 PMCID: PMC10764465 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1249718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Tol-like receptor (TLR) agonists, as potent adjuvants, have gained attention in vaccine research for their ability to enhance immune responses. This study focuses on their application in improving vaccine efficacy against key viral infections, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and flaviviruses, including West Nile virus, dengue virus, and chikungunya virus. Vaccines are crucial in preventing microbial infections, including viruses, and adjuvants play a vital role in modulating immune responses. However, there are still many diseases for which effective vaccines are lacking or have limited immune response, posing significant threats to human health. The use of TLR agonists as adjuvants in viral vaccine formulations holds promise in improving vaccine effectiveness. By tailoring adjuvants to specific pathogens, such as HBV, HCV, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and flavivirus, protective immunity against chronic and emerging infectious disease can be elicited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Oh YC, Jeong YH, Yang HJ, Li W, Ma JY. Lumbricus Extract Prevents LPS-Induced Inflammatory Activation of BV2 Microglia and Glutamate-Induced Hippocampal HT22 Cell Death by Suppressing MAPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling and Oxidative Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9926-9942. [PMID: 38132466 PMCID: PMC10742620 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia-induced inflammatory signaling and neuronal oxidative stress are mutually reinforcing processes central to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have shown that extracts of dried Pheretima aspergillum (Lumbricus) can inhibit tissue fibrosis, mitochondrial damage, and asthma. However, the effects of Lumbricus extracts on neuroinflammation and neuronal damage have not been previously studied. Therefore, to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Lumbricus extract for neurodegenerative diseases, the current study assessed the extract's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in BV2 microglial cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) along with its neuroprotective efficacy in mouse hippocampal HT22 cell cultures treated with excess glutamate. Lumbricus extract dose-dependently inhibited the LPS-induced production of multiple proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β) and reversed the upregulation of proinflammatory enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2). Lumbricus also activated the antioxidative nuclear factor erythroid 2-relayed factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway and inhibited LPS-induced activation of the nuclear factor-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinases/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammatory pathway. In addition, Lumbricus extract suppressed the glutamate-induced necrotic and apoptotic death of HT22 cells, effects associated with upregulated expression of antiapoptotic proteins, downregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins, and reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Chromatography revealed that the Lumbricus extract contained uracil, hypoxanthine, uridine, xanthine, adenosine, inosine, and guanosine. Its effects against microglial activation and excitotoxic neuronal death reported herein support the therapeutic potential of Lumbricus for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chang Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70, Cheomdanro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.J.); (H.J.Y.); (W.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70, Cheomdanro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.J.); (H.J.Y.); (W.L.)
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Ha JY, Seok J, Kim SJ, Jung HJ, Ryu KY, Nakamura M, Jang IS, Hong SH, Lee Y, Lee HJ. Periodontitis promotes bacterial extracellular vesicle-induced neuroinflammation in the brain and trigeminal ganglion. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011743. [PMID: 37871107 PMCID: PMC10621956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), also known as outer membrane vesicles, have attracted significant attention due to their pathogenic roles in various inflammatory diseases. We recently demonstrated that EVs secreted by the periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and that their extracellular RNA cargo can promote the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, in the brain. To gain more insight into the relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and neuroinflammatory diseases, we investigated the effect of Aa EVs in a mouse model of ligature-induced PD. When EVs were administered through intragingival injection or EV-soaked gel, proinflammatory cytokines were strongly induced in the brains of PD mice. The use of TLR (Toll-like receptor)-reporter cell lines and MyD88 knockout mice confirmed that the increased release of cytokines was triggered by Aa EVs via TLR4 and TLR8 signaling pathways and their downstream MyD88 pathway. Furthermore, the injection of EVs through the epidermis and gingiva resulted in the direct retrograde transfer of Aa EVs from axon terminals to the cell bodies of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons and the subsequent activation of TG neurons. We also found that the Aa EVs changed the action potential of TG neurons. These findings suggest that EVs derived from periodontopathogens such as Aa might be involved in pathogenic pathways for neuroinflammatory diseases, neuropathic pain, and other systemic inflammatory symptoms as a comorbidity of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeong Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Craniofacial Nerve-Bone Network Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jiwon Seok
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Suk-Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Craniofacial Nerve-Bone Network Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ka-Young Ryu
- Craniofacial Nerve-Bone Network Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Michiko Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Il-Sung Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Craniofacial Nerve-Bone Network Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Craniofacial Nerve-Bone Network Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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11
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Abdelfattah A, Samir R, Amin HM. Production of highly immunogenic and safe Triton X-100 produced bacterial ghost vaccine against Shigella flexneri 2b serotype. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:41. [PMID: 37679798 PMCID: PMC10483756 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial ghost cells (BGCs) are cells were drained of their genetic and cytoplasmic components. This work aimed to develop vaccine candidates against the Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) 2b serotype using the BGCs approach. For the first time, (S. flexneri) 2b serotype BGCs vaccine was prepared by incubation with Triton X-100 (TX100) for only 12 h. Its safety and immunogenicity were compared to another vaccine produced using a previously used surfactant, namely Tween 80 (TW80). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cellular DNA, protein contents measurements, and ghost cell re-cultivation were used to confirm the successful generation of the BGCs. Immunogenicity was assessed through mice's intraperitoneal (IP) immunization followed by infection with S. flexneri ATCC 12022. Finally, histopathological examination was carried out. RESULTS Viable colony forming units (CFUs) of S. flexneri were counted from stool samples as well as homogenized colon tissues of the non-immunized challenged group. Immunized mice sera showed a significant increase in serum bactericidal activity of both preparations (TX100 = 40% and TW80 = 56%) compared to the non-immunized challenged group (positive control). The IgG levels of the bacterial ghost-vaccinated groups were four and three times greater for the TX100 and TW80 ghost vaccines, respectively, compared to that of the positive control; both bacterial ghost vaccines (BGVs) were safe and effective, according to the results of the safety check tests and histopathological analysis. CONCLUSIONS When comparing the BGVs prepared using TX100 and TW80 methods, the use of TX100 as a new chemical treating agent for BGC production attained robust results in terms of shorter incubation time with the targeted cells and a strong immune response against S. flexneri 2b serotype ATCC 12022 in the IP challenge test. However, a clinical study is needed to confirm the efficacy and total safety of this novel vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdelfattah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 26 July Mehwar Road Intersection With Wahat Road, 6Th of October, 12451 Giza Egypt
| | - Reham Samir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Nile Corniche, El Sayeda Zeinab, Cairo, 11562 Egypt
| | - Heba M. Amin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 26 July Mehwar Road Intersection With Wahat Road, 6Th of October, 12451 Giza Egypt
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12
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Zhao SY, Zhao HH, Wang BH, Shao C, Pan WJ, Li SM. Rhein alleviates advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced inflammatory injury of diabetic cardiomyopathy in vitro and in vivo models. J Nat Med 2023; 77:898-915. [PMID: 37598111 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
In diabetic patients, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common causes of death. The inflammatory response is essential in the pathogenesis of DCM. Rhein, an anthraquinone compound, is extracted from the herb rhubarb, demonstrating various biological activities. However, it is unclear whether rhein has an anti-inflammatory effect in treating DCM. In our research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties as well as its possible mechanism. According to the findings in vitro, rhein could to exert an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the production of NO, TNF-α, PGE2, iNOS, and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells that had been stimulated with advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). In addition, rhein alleviated H9C2 cells inflammation injury stimulated by AGEs/macrophage conditioned medium (CM). In vivo have depicted that continuous gavage of rhein could improve cardiac function and pathological changes. Moreover, it could inhibit the accumulation of AGEs and infiltration of inflammatory factors inside the heart of rats having DCM. Mechanism study showed rhein could suppress IKKβ and IκB phosphorylation via down-regulating TRAF6 expression to inhibit NF-κB pathway in AGEs/CM-induced H9C2 cells. Moreover, the anti-inflammation effect of rhein was realized through down-regulation phosphorylation of JNK MAPK. Furthermore, we found JNK MAPK could crosstalk with NF-κB pathway by regulating IκB phosphorylation without affecting IKKβ activity. And hence, the protective mechanism of rhein may involve the inhibiting of the TRAF6-NF/κB pathway, the JNK MAPK pathway, and the crosstalk between the two pathways. These results suggested that rhein may be a promising drug candidate in anti-inflammation and inflammation-related DCM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yang Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huan-Huan Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
- Nutrition Department, LinYi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Bao-Hua Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui Shao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jun Pan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Sai-Mei Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Weaver DF. Amyloid-β is a cytokine. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4237-4247. [PMID: 37228244 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in human physiology and pathology remains an unresolved subject of study; Aβ's role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is particularly controversial. However, before we can more fully appreciate Aβ's role in AD, an understanding of its normal physiological role(s) must first be attained. This perspective appraises the current literature and concludes that Aβ is a cytokine. This conclusion was arrived at based on a comprehensive listing of 30 characteristic defining structural and functional properties of cytokines followed by a literature precedence-based demonstration that Aβ possesses all 30 properties; this categorization of cytokine characteristics enabled an organized comparison of cytokines and Aβ, thereby providing systematic justification for classifying Aβ as a cytokine. The conclusion that Aβ is a cytokine enables the merger of two leading hypotheses of AD (amyloid hypothesis and neuroinflammation) into a single process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Sheu ML, Pan LY, Yang CN, Sheehan J, Pan LY, You WC, Wang CC, Chen HS, Pan HC. Neuronal Death Caused by HMGB1-Evoked via Inflammasomes from Thrombin-Activated Microglia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12664. [PMID: 37628850 PMCID: PMC10454604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are a macrophage-like cell type residing within the CNS. These cells evoke pro-inflammatory responses following thrombin-induced brain damage. Inflammasomes, which are large caspase-1-activating protein complexes, play a critical role in mediating the extracellular release of HMGB1 in activated immune cells. The exact role of inflammasomes in microglia activated by thrombin remains unclear, particularly as it relates to the downstream functions of HMGB1. After receiving microinjections of thrombin, Sprague Dawley rats of 200 to 250 gm were studied in terms of behaviors and immunohistochemical staining. Primary culture of microglia cells and BV-2 cells were used for the assessment of signal pathways. In a water maze test and novel object recognition analysis, microinjections of thrombin impaired rats' short-term and long-term memory, and such detrimental effects were alleviated by injecting anti-HMGB-1 antibodies. After thrombin microinjections, the increased oxidative stress of neurons was aggravated by HMGB1 injections but attenuated by anti-HMGB-1 antibodies. Such responses occurred in parallel with the volume of activated microglia cells, as well as their expressions of HMGB-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-I. In primary microglia cells and BV-2 cell lines, thrombin also induced NO release and mRNA expressions of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-18, and activated caspase-I. HMGB-1 aggravated these responses, which were abolished by anti-HMGB-1 antibodies. In conclusion, thrombin induced microglia activation through triggering inflammasomes to release HMGB1, contributing to neuronal death. Such an action was counteracted by the anti-HMGB-1 antibodies. The refinement of HMGB-1 modulated the neuro-inflammatory response, which was attenuated in thrombin-associated neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meei-Ling Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40210, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yi Pan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Ning Yang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
| | - Jason Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA;
| | - Liang-Yu Pan
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Weir-Chiang You
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40210, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chia Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan;
| | - Hong-Shiu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tungs’ Taichung Metro-Harbor Hospital, Taichung 40210, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Chuan Pan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40210, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40210, Taiwan
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15
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Curson JE, Liu L, Luo L, Muusse TW, Lucas RM, Gunther KS, Vajjhala PR, Abrol R, Jones A, Kapetanovic R, Stacey KJ, Stow JL, Sweet MJ. TLR4 phosphorylation at tyrosine 672 activates the ERK/c-FOS signaling module for LPS-induced cytokine responses in macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250056. [PMID: 37058370 PMCID: PMC10947571 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
TLRs engage numerous adaptor proteins and signaling molecules, enabling a complex series of post-translational modifications (PTMs) to mount inflammatory responses. TLRs themselves are post-translationally modified following ligand-induced activation, with this being required to relay the full spectrum of proinflammatory signaling responses. Here, we reveal indispensable roles for TLR4 Y672 and Y749 phosphorylation in mounting optimal LPS-inducible inflammatory responses in primary mouse macrophages. LPS promotes phosphorylation at both tyrosine residues, with Y749 phosphorylation being required for maintenance of total TLR4 protein levels and Y672 phosphorylation exerting its pro-inflammatory effects more selectively by initiating ERK1/2 and c-FOS phosphorylation. Our data also support a role for the TLR4-interacting membrane proteins SCIMP and the SYK kinase axis in mediating TLR4 Y672 phosphorylation to permit downstream inflammatory responses in murine macrophages. The corresponding residue in human TLR4 (Y674) is also required for optimal LPS signaling responses. Our study, thus, reveals how a single PTM on one of the most widely studied innate immune receptors orchestrates downstream inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E.B. Curson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Liping Liu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Timothy W. Muusse
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB) and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Richard M. Lucas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kimberley S. Gunther
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Parimala R. Vajjhala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB) and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Rishika Abrol
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Alun Jones
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Katryn J. Stacey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB) and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jennifer L. Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Matthew J. Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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16
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Chen S, Lei Q, Zou X, Ma D. The role and mechanisms of gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1157813. [PMID: 37398647 PMCID: PMC10313905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1157813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical, bilayered, and nanosized membrane vesicles that are secreted from gram-negative bacteria. OMVs play a pivotal role in delivering lipopolysaccharide, proteins and other virulence factors to target cells. Multiple studies have found that OMVs participate in various inflammatory diseases, including periodontal disease, gastrointestinal inflammation, pulmonary inflammation and sepsis, by triggering pattern recognition receptors, activating inflammasomes and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. OMVs also affect inflammation in distant organs or tissues via long-distance cargo transport in various diseases, including atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we primarily summarize the role of OMVs in inflammatory diseases, describe the mechanism through which OMVs participate in inflammatory signal cascades, and discuss the effects of OMVs on pathogenic processes in distant organs or tissues with the aim of providing novel insights into the role and mechanism of OMVs in inflammatory diseases and the prevention and treatment of OMV-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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17
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Oseni SO, Naar C, Pavlović M, Asghar W, Hartmann JX, Fields GB, Esiobu N, Kumi-Diaka J. The Molecular Basis and Clinical Consequences of Chronic Inflammation in Prostatic Diseases: Prostatitis, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3110. [PMID: 37370720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is now recognized as one of the major risk factors and molecular hallmarks of chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammation signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of these prostate diseases are poorly understood. Previous efforts to therapeutically target the upstream (e.g., TLRs and IL1-Rs) and downstream (e.g., NF-κB subunits and cytokines) inflammatory signaling molecules in people with these conditions have been clinically ambiguous and unsatisfactory, hence fostering the recent paradigm shift towards unraveling and understanding the functional roles and clinical significance of the novel and relatively underexplored inflammatory molecules and pathways that could become potential therapeutic targets in managing prostatic diseases. In this review article, we exclusively discuss the causal and molecular drivers of prostatitis, BPH, and prostate tumorigenesis, as well as the potential impacts of microbiome dysbiosis and chronic inflammation in promoting prostate pathologies. We specifically focus on the importance of some of the underexplored druggable inflammatory molecules, by discussing how their aberrant signaling could promote prostate cancer (PCa) stemness, neuroendocrine differentiation, castration resistance, metabolic reprogramming, and immunosuppression. The potential contribution of the IL1R-TLR-IRAK-NF-κBs signaling molecules and NLR/inflammasomes in prostate pathologies, as well as the prospective benefits of selectively targeting the midstream molecules in the various inflammatory cascades, are also discussed. Though this review concentrates more on PCa, we envision that the information could be applied to other prostate diseases. In conclusion, we have underlined the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that may need to be targeted and/or further investigated to better understand the association between chronic inflammation and prostate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed Oluwasina Oseni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Corey Naar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Mirjana Pavlović
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - James X Hartmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and I-HEALTH, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Nwadiuto Esiobu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - James Kumi-Diaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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18
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Yuan Y, Shi Z, Wang Q, Guo M, Yuan L, Zhao Z, Liu S, Wu C, Sun R, Wang B, Ouyang G, Ji W. Molecular characterization and expression analyses of five genes involved in the MyD88-dependent pathway of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) responding to challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108712. [PMID: 37030559 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
MyD88-dependent pathway mediated by Toll-like receptor is one of the vital ways activating immune responses. In order to identify the role of MyD88-dependent signaling pathway in yellow catfish, the Pf_MyD88, Pf_IRAK4, Pf_IRAK1, Pf_TRAF6 and Pf_NFκB1 (p105) (Pf: abbreviation of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) were cloned and characterized respectively. The Pf_MyD88, Pf_IRAK4, Pf_IRAK1 and Pf_TRAF6 were all highly conserved among species and showed the highest homology to that of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Pf_NFκB1 showed the highest homology to that of Ictalurus punetaus. All of the five genes showed similar expression patterns in various tissues, with the highest expression level in the liver. These genes also showed similar expression levels in different embryonic development stages, except Pf_IRAK4. The higher expression level was detected from fertilized eggs to 1 day post hatching (dph), lower expression from 3 dph to 30 dph. After stimulation of inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila, the mRNA expressions of Pf_MyD88, Pf_IRAK4, Pf_IRAK1, Pf_TRAF6 and Pf_NFκB1 were significantly increased at 24 h in the liver, spleen, head kidney and trunk kidney, suggesting that all the five genes were involved in the innate immune response of yellow catfish. These results showed that MyD88-dependent signaling pathway plays important roles for disease defensing in the innate immune response. Meanwhile, inactivated A. hydrophila can cause strong innate immune response, which provides theoretical bases for the application of inactivated vaccines in defense against bacterial diseases of teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zechao Shi
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengge Guo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Le Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhangchun Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sixue Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruhan Sun
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bingchao Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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19
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Abstract
The inflammaging concept was introduced in 2000 by Prof. Franceschi. This was an evolutionary or rather a revolutionary conceptualization of the immune changes in response to a lifelong stress. This conceptualization permitted to consider the lifelong proinflammatory process as an adaptation which could eventually lead to either beneficial or detrimental consequences. This dichotomy is influenced by both the genetics and the environment. Depending on which way prevails in an individual, the outcome may be healthy longevity or pathological aging burdened with aging-related diseases. The concept of inflammaging has also revealed the complex, systemic nature of aging. Thus, this conceptualization opens the way to consider age-related processes in their complexity, meaning that not only the process but also all counter-processes should be considered. It has also opened the way to add new concepts to the original one, leading to better understanding of the nature of inflammaging and of aging itself. Finally, it showed the way towards potential multimodal interventions involving a holistic approach to optimize the aging process towards a healthy longevity.
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Zhou K, Xie J, Su Y, Fang J. Lactobacillus reuteri for chronic periodontitis: focus on underlying mechanisms and future perspectives. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-28. [PMID: 36856460 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2183617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is a common oral disorder caused by pathogenic bacteria. Despite the wide use of antibiotics as the conventional adjunctive treatment, the challenges of increased antibiotic resistance and limited therapeutic effect receive considerable attention and the developments of alternative treatments gain increasing consideration. Growing evidence showed that Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) may represent a promising alternative adjunct for chronic periodontitis. It can attenuate inflammation and reduce tissue disruption. LR-assisted treatment has been shown to be effective and relatively safe in multiple clinical trials, and accumulating evidence suggests its significant biological roles. In the current review, we focus on capturing the underlying mechanisms of LR involved in chronic periodontitis, thereby representing a scientific foundation for LR-assisted therapy. Furthermore, we point out the challenges and future directions for further clinical trials to improve the clinical applicability for LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaman Xie
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingxian Fang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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21
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Thymosin α-1 in cancer therapy: Immunoregulation and potential applications. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109744. [PMID: 36812669 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Thymosin α-1 (Tα-1) is an immunomodulating polypeptide of 28 amino acids, which was the first peptide isolated from thymic tissue and has been widely used for the treatment of viral infections, immunodeficiencies, and especially malignancies. Tα-1 stimulates both innate and adaptive immune responses, and its regulation of innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells varies under different disease conditions. Pleiotropic regulation of immune cells by Tα-1 depends on activation of Toll-like receptors and its downstream signaling pathways in various immune microenvironments. For treatment of malignancies, the combination of Tα-1 and chemotherapy has a strong synergistic effect by enhancing the anti-tumor immune response. On the basis of the pleiotropic effect of Tα-1 on immune cells and the promising results of preclinical studies, Tα-1 may be a favorable immunomodulator to enhance the curative effect and decrease immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors to develop novel cancer therapies.
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22
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Ayaki S, Mii T, Matsuno K, Tokuyama T, Tokuyama T, Tokuyama T, Uyama T, Ueda N. β-1,4-Galactan suppresses lipid synthesis in sebaceous gland cells via TLR4. J Biochem 2023; 173:85-94. [PMID: 36288613 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sebum is a lipid mixture secreted from sebaceous glands of the skin. The excessive secretion of sebum causes acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis, while its deficiency causes xerosis. Therefore, the appropriate control of sebum secretion is crucially important to keep the skin healthy. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of naturally occurring polysaccharides on lipid biosynthesis in hamster sebaceous gland cells. Among the tested polysaccharides, β-1,4-galactan, the main chain of type I arabinogalactan, most potently suppressed lipid synthesis in the sebaceous gland cells as analysed by oil red O staining. Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 inhibitors counteracted this suppressive effect and lipopolysaccharide, a TLR4 ligand, mimicked this effect, suggesting the involvement of the TLR4 signalling pathway. In the cells β-1,4-galactan significantly decreased mRNA levels of lipogenesis-related transcription factors (peroxisomeGraphical Abstract$\includegraphics{\bwartpath }$ proliferator-activated receptor γ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1) and enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase) as well as the glucose transporter GLUT4. Furthermore, β-1,4-galactan increased the production of lactic acid serving as a natural moisturizing factor and enhanced the proliferation of sebaceous gland cells. These results suggest potential of β-1,4-galactan as a material with therapeutic and cosmetic values for the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Ayaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.,Yushin Brewer Co., Ltd., Ayagawa, Kagawa 761-2307, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mii
- Yushin Brewer Co., Ltd., Ayagawa, Kagawa 761-2307, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsuno
- Yushin Brewer Co., Ltd., Ayagawa, Kagawa 761-2307, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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Yao XP, Ye J, Feng T, Jiang FC, Zhou P, Wang F, Chen JG, Wu PF. Adaptor protein MyD88 confers the susceptibility to stress via amplifying immune danger signals. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:204-220. [PMID: 36496170 PMCID: PMC9726649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric diseases, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and neuropsychiatric symptoms of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the precise mechanism and therapeutic strategy are poorly understood. Here, we report that myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), a pivotal adaptor that bridges toll-like receptors to their downstream signaling by recruiting the signaling complex called 'myddosome', was up-regulated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) after exposure to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. The inducible expression of MyD88 in the mPFC primed neuroinflammation and conferred stress susceptibility via amplifying immune danger signals, such as high-mobility group box 1 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Overexpression of MyD88 aggravated, whereas knockout or pharmacological inhibition of MyD88 ameliorated CSDS-induced depressive-like behavior. Notably, TJ-M2010-5, a novel synthesized targeting inhibitor of MyD88 dimerization, alleviated both CSDS- and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced depressive-like behavior. Taken together, our findings indicate that inhibiting MyD88 signaling represents a promising therapeutic strategy for stress-related mental disorders, such as MDD and COVID-19-related neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Ping Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng-Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030 Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030 Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030 Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.
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Li X, Ji L, Men X, Chen X, Zhi M, He S, Chen S. Pyroptosis in bone loss. Apoptosis 2023; 28:293-312. [PMID: 36645574 PMCID: PMC9842222 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis could be responsible for the bone loss from bone metabolic diseases, leading to the negative impact on people's health and life. It has been shown that osteoclasts, osteoblasts, macrophages, chondrocytes, periodontal and gingival cells may be involved in bone loss linked with pyroptosis. So far, the involved mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we introduced the related cells involved in the pyroptosis associated with bone loss and summarized the role of these cells in the bone metabolism during the process of pyroptosis. We also discuss the clinical potential of targeting mechanisms in the osteoclasts, osteoblasts, macrophages, chondrocytes, periodontal and gingival cells touched upon pyroptosis to treat bone loss from bone metabolic diseases as well as the challenges of avoiding potential side effects and producing efficient treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Ling Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xinrui Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Maohui Zhi
- Functional Laboratory, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Shushu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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Tang X, Xu Q, Yang S, Huang X, Wang L, Huang F, Luo J, Zhou X, Wu A, Mei Q, Zhao C, Wu J. Toll-like Receptors and Thrombopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021010. [PMID: 36674552 PMCID: PMC9864288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the second most abundant blood component after red blood cells and can participate in a variety of physiological and pathological functions. Beyond its traditional role in hemostasis and thrombosis, it also plays an indispensable role in inflammatory diseases. However, thrombocytopenia is a common hematologic problem in the clinic, and it presents a proportional relationship with the fatality of many diseases. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of thrombocytopenia is of great importance. The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is one of the most relevant characteristics of thrombopoiesis and the platelet inflammatory function. We know that the TLR family is found on the surface or inside almost all cells, where they perform many immune functions. Of those, TLR2 and TLR4 are the main stress-inducing members and play an integral role in inflammatory diseases and platelet production and function. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present and discuss the relationship between platelets, inflammation and the TLR family and extend recent research on the influence of the TLR2 and TLR4 pathways and the regulation of platelet production and function. Reviewing the interaction between TLRs and platelets in inflammation may be a research direction or program for the treatment of thrombocytopenia-related and inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinwu Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Feihong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chunling Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-186-8307-3667 (C.Z.); +86-139-8241-6641 (J.W.)
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-186-8307-3667 (C.Z.); +86-139-8241-6641 (J.W.)
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26
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Investigation of TLR4 Antagonists for Prevention of Intestinal Inflammation. Inflammation 2023; 46:103-114. [PMID: 35867263 PMCID: PMC9971050 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been shown to be a major influence on the inflammatory signalling pathways in intestinal mucositis (IM), as demonstrated by TLR4 knock-out mice. Pharmacological TLR4 inhibition has thus been postulated as a potential new therapeutic approach for the treatment of IM but specific TLR4 inhibitors have yet to be investigated. As such, we aimed to determine whether direct TLR4 antagonism prevents inflammation in pre-clinical experimental models of IM. The non-competitive and competitive TLR4 inhibitors, TAK-242 (10 µM) and IAXO-102 (10 µM), respectively, or vehicle were added to human T84, HT-29, and U937 cell lines and mouse colonic explants 1 h before the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (in vitro: 100 µg/mL; ex vivo: 10 µg/mL), SN-38 (in vitro: 1 µM or 1 nM; ex vivo: 2 µM), and/or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (5 µg/mL). Supernatant was collected for human IL-8 and mouse IL-6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), as a measure of inflammatory signalling. Cell viability was measured using XTT assays. Explant tissue was used in histopathological and RT-PCR analysis for genes of interest: TLR4, MD2, CD14, MyD88, IL-6, IL-6R, CXCL2, CXCR1, CXCR2. SN-38 increased cytostasis compared to vehicle (P < 0.0001). However, this was not prevented by either antagonist (P > 0.05) in any of the 3 cell lines. Quantitative histological assessment scores showed no differences between vehicle and treatment groups (P > 0.05). There were no differences in in vitro IL-8 (P > 0.05, in all 3 cells lines) and ex vivo IL-6 (P > 0.05) concentrations between vehicle and treatment groups. Transcript expression of all genes was similar across vehicle and treatment groups (P > 0.05). TLR4 antagonism using specific inhibitors TAK-242 and IAXO-102 was not effective at blocking IM in these pre-clinical models of mucositis. This work indicates that specific epithelial inhibition of TLR4 with these compounds is insufficient to manage mucositis-related inflammation. Rather, TLR4 signalling through immune cells may be a more important target to prevent IM.
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27
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Moaz I, Fouad FA, Elmasry H, Tarek G, Elzoheiry A, Elgamal M, Ibrahim R, Hisham Y, Safwat G, Kamel MM, El-Batal HM, Fouda M. Associations Between Serum Soluble Toll-like Receptors 4 and 9 and Breast Cancer in Egyptian Patients. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231204755. [PMID: 37771087 PMCID: PMC10541740 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231204755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in regulation of immune cells and are vital in tumorigenesis due to its crucial role in inflammatory microenvironment regulation, as they promote the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Toll-like receptors 4 and TLRs 9 were found to be highly expressed in breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the soluble toll-like receptors 4 and 9 (sTLR4 and sTLR9) as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer and their association with the clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHOD In this retrospective case-control study, 186 female subjects were recruited and divided into three groups, Group I: 62 healthy control, Group II: 62 subjects diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer, and Group III: 62 subjects diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to quantify the levels of sTLR4 and sTLR9 in serum. RESULTS Both non-metastatic and metastatic groups showed significant higher levels of both serum sTLR4 and sTLR9 expression compared to healthy controls. Only sTLR9 was significantly increased among metastatic patients compared to non-metastatic group. Serum levels of sTLR9 and sTLR4 were still significantly associated with breast cancer in a multiple logistic regression model (P = <.001). ROC curves showed that both sTLR4 and sTLR9 can be a significant parameter to discriminate between normal females and breast cancer patients. CONCLUSION Soluble toll-like receptors 4 and sTLR9 are over-expressed in patients with metastatic and non-metastatic BC than in benign cases. The expression levels of sTLR4 and TLR9 have clinical interest as indicators of tumor aggressiveness suggested to be prognostic biomarkers. Toll-like receptors may represent therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas Moaz
- National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Fayrouz A. Fouad
- Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
- Ancient DNA Lab, National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam Elmasry
- Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehad Tarek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Aya Elzoheiry
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Manar Elgamal
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Randa Ibrahim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Hisham
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehan Safwat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Kamel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M. El-Batal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Merhan Fouda
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Jia X, Zhu H, Jiang Q, Gu J, Yu S, Chi X, Wang R, Shan Y, Jiang H, Ma X. Identification of key genes and imbalance of immune cell infiltration in immunoglobulin A associated vasculitis nephritis by integrated bioinformatic analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1087293. [PMID: 37026011 PMCID: PMC10070996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IgAV, the most common systemic vasculitis in childhood, is an immunoglobulin A-associated immune complex-mediated disease and its underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. This study attempted to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and find dysregulated immune cell types in IgAV to find the underlying pathogenesis for IgAVN. Methods GSE102114 datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify DEGs. Then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed using the STRING database. And key hub genes were identified by cytoHubba plug-in, performed functional enrichment analyses and followed by verification using PCR based on patient samples. Finally, the abundance of 24 immune cells were detected by Immune Cell Abundance Identifier (ImmuCellAI) to estimate the proportions and dysregulation of immune cell types within IgAVN. Result A total of 4200 DEGs were screened in IgAVN patients compared to Health Donor, including 2004 upregulated and 2196 downregulated genes. Of the top 10 hub genes from PPI network, STAT1, TLR4, PTEN, UBB, HSPA8, ATP5B, UBA52, and CDC42 were verified significantly upregulated in more patients. Enrichment analyses indicated that hub genes were primarily enriched in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway, and Th17 signaling pathways. Moreover, we found a diversity of immune cells in IgAVN, consisting mainly of T cells. Finally, this study suggests that the overdifferentiation of Th2 cells, Th17 cells and Tfh cells may be involved in the occurrence and development of IgAVN. Conclusion We screened out the key genes, pathways and maladjusted immune cells and associated with the pathogenesis of IgAVN. The unique characteristics of IgAV-infiltrating immune cell subsets were confirmed, providing new insights for future molecular targeted therapy and a direction for immunological research on IgAVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qinglian Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of General Pediatrics, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shihan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuyang Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Shan
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxue Ma,
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Synbiotic Intervention Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Gut Permeability in an In Vitro and In Vivo Model of Ethanol-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123285. [PMID: 36552041 PMCID: PMC9816946 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) alters gut microbiota and tight junctions, causing bacterial components to enter the portal vein and induce oxidative stress-induced inflammation in the liver. Only corticosteroids and liver transplants are treatment options for severe alcoholic hepatitis. ALD's pathophysiology is unknown. However, acetaldehyde's toxic effects cause oxidative stress and intestinal permeability. This study investigates the influence of a synbiotic (a combination of aged garlic extract (AGE) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus MTCC1423) on colonic oxidative stress and inflammation in ALD male Wistar rats and Caco2 cells. MDA measurement by HPLC in CaCo2 cells, blood serum, and colon tissue demonstrated that synbiotic treatment in the ALD model reduces oxidative stress. Further, fecal high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the microbiome's shift towards Firmicutes in the synbiotic group compared to ethanol. In addition, DCFDA labeling and H/E staining demonstrate that the synbiotic is beneficial in inhibiting the development of ALD. In the colon, the synbiotic reduces the activation of CYP2E1 and the inflammatory markers TNF-a and IL-6 while elevating the mRNA expression of ZO-1, occludin, and IL-10. Synbiotics colonize Lactobacillus to restore barrier function and microbiota and reduce colon oxidative stress. Thus, a synbiotic combination can be used in ALD treatment.
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Jeong YH, Oh YC, Kim TI, Ma JY. Neuroprotective and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Properties of Vignae Radiatae Semen in Neuronal HT22 and Microglial BV2 Cell Lines. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245265. [PMID: 36558424 PMCID: PMC9786594 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The important factors in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders include oxidative stress and neuron-glia system inflammation. Vignae Radiatae Semen (VRS) exhibits antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-melanogenesis, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. However, the neuroprotective effects and anti-neuroinflammatory activities of VRS ethanol extract (VRSE) remained unknown. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of VRSE against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neuronal cell death in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial activation, respectively. This study revealed that VRSE pretreatment had significantly prevented H2O2-induced neuronal cell death and attenuated reactive oxygen species generations in HT22 cells. Additionally, VRSE attenuated the apoptosis protein expression while increasing the anti-apoptotic protein expression. Further, VRSE showed significant inhibitory effects on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglia. Moreover, VRSE pretreatment significantly activated the tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B/cAMP response element-binding protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathways in HT22 cells exposed to H2O2 and inhibited the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB mechanism in BV2 cells stimulated with LPS. Therefore, VRSE exerts therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative diseases related to oxidative stress and pathological inflammatory responses.
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Yang B, Ma J, Yang W, Qu C, Li B, Xu M, Gao Y, Xu Q. MEK homologue is involved in immune response by regulating antimicrobial peptides expression in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 137:104527. [PMID: 36058384 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MEK activates the phosphorylation of downstream molecules involved in various immune responses. In this study, an MEK homologue gene in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (designated as EsMEK) was investigated. EsMEK mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues with higher expression in hepatopancreas, hemocytes, and gills. EsMEK protein was mainly localized in the cytoplasm. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Aeromonas hydrophila challenge significantly increased the mRNA levels of EsMEK in hemocytes. In addition, the mRNA expression level of some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including EsWAP, EsDWD1, and EsALF decreased significantly due to the inhibition of EsMEK by specific dsRNA in LPS-challenged crabs. Downstream pathway analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of EsERK decreased prominently after EsMEK inhibition. These results suggested that EsMEK played an important role in regulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides in E. sinensis through MEK-ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Mei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yujia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Qingsong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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32
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Delgado-Arévalo C, Calvet-Mirabent M, Triguero-Martínez A, Vázquez de Luis E, Benguría-Filippini A, Largo R, Calzada-Fraile D, Popova O, Sánchez-Cerrillo I, Tsukalov I, Moreno-Vellisca R, de la Fuente H, Herrero-Beaumont G, Ramiro A, Sánchez-Madrid F, Castañeda S, Dopazo A, González Álvaro I, Martin-Gayo E. NLRC4-mediated activation of CD1c+ DC contributes to perpetuation of synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152886. [PMID: 36194479 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The individual contribution of specific myeloid subsets such as CD1c+ conventional DC (cDC) to perpetuation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology remains unclear. In addition, the specific innate sensors driving pathogenic activation of CD1c+ cDC in patients with RA and their functional implications have not been characterized. Here, we assessed phenotypical, transcriptional, and functional characteristics of CD1c+ and CD141+ cDC and monocytes from the blood and synovial fluid of patients with RA. Increased levels of CCR2 and the IgG receptor CD64 on circulating CD1c+ cDC was associated with the presence of this DC subset in the synovial membrane in patients with RA. Moreover, synovial CD1c+ cDC are characterized by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and high abilities to induce pathogenic IFN-γ+IL-17+CD4+ T cells in vitro. Finally, we identified the crosstalk between Fcγ receptors and NLRC4 as a potential molecular mechanism mediating pathogenic activation, CD64 upregulation, and functional specialization of CD1c+ cDC in response to dsDNA-IgG in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Delgado-Arévalo
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Calvet-Mirabent
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Triguero-Martínez
- Rheumatology Department from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Rheumatology Service, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Calzada-Fraile
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Popova
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Sánchez-Cerrillo
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ilya Tsukalov
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Almudena Ramiro
- Biology Laboratory, The National Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain.,Biology Laboratory, The National Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Department from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,Cátedra UAM-Roche, EPID-Future, Department of Medicine, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Genomic Unit, The National Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro González Álvaro
- Rheumatology Department from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martin-Gayo
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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Co-infection of porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces early TRAF6-mediated NF-κB and IRF7 signaling pathways through TLRs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19443. [PMID: 36376395 PMCID: PMC9660140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infect the small intestine and cause swine enteric coronavirus disease. The mucosal innate immune system is the first line of defense against viral infection. The modulatory effect of PDCoV and PEDV coinfection on antiviral signaling cascades of the intestinal mucosa has not been reported. Here, we investigate the gene expression levels of pattern recognition receptors, downstream inflammatory signaling pathway molecules, and associated cytokines on the intestinal mucosa of neonatal piglets either infected with a single- or co-infected with PDCoV and PEDV using real-time PCR. The results demonstrate that single-PEDV regulates the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway through RIG-I regulation. In contrast, single-PDCoV and PDCoV/PEDV coinfection regulate proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines through TRAF6-mediated canonical NF-κB and IRF7 signaling pathways through TLRs. Although PDCoV/PEDV coinfection demonstrated an earlier modulatory effect in these signaling pathways, the regulation of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines was observed simultaneously during single viral infection. These results suggested that PDCoV/PEDV coinfection may have synergistic effects that lead to enhanced viral evasion of the mucosal innate immune response.
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34
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Mahmoud MS, El-Kott AF, AlGwaiz HIM, Fathy SM. Protective effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract against oxidative stress, inflammation, depression, and apoptosis in a mouse model of hepatic encephalopathy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:83783-83796. [PMID: 35771324 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and anti-depression impacts of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf ethanolic extract (MOLE) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of CCl4-induced hepatic encephalopathy mouse model. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect marker compounds: rutin and β-sitosterol. Animals were divided into four groups: vehicle group, CCl4-treated group, MOLE-treated group, and (CCl4 + MOLE) group treated with MOLE for 14 days before CCl4-induced neurotoxicity. MOLE decreased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, corticosterone, and ammonia levels in serum and improved the antioxidant status of CCl4-treated mice in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. It reduced the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) genes and the protein levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. MOLE also attenuated apoptosis, as revealed by the reduced expression of caspase3, and prevented histological deterioration. Furthermore, MOLE attenuated CCl4-induced anxiety and depression-like behavioral changes. Collectively, MOLE modulates neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, TLR4/2-MyD88/NF-κB signaling, and apoptosis in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the hepatic encephalopathy experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt.
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Hussah I M AlGwaiz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 11474, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah M Fathy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
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35
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Yang DJ, Wang XD, Fu XY, Lu HM, Zhou ZG, Liu Y. MyD88 deficiency aggravates the severity of acute pancreatitis by promoting MyD88-independent TRIF pathway-mediated necrosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1214. [PMID: 36544673 PMCID: PMC9761135 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background With uncontrolled inflammatory progression, acute pancreatitis (AP) can progress to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Inflammation and parenchymal cell death are key pathologic responses of AP. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a pro-inflammatory role in AP. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is the most essential utilized adaptor of TLR4, but its role in AP remains unclear. We investigated the potential role of MyD88 in the pathogenesis of AP. Methods An AP model was induced by administering either cerulein or L-arginine to wild-type or MyD88-deficient mice. Additionally, receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) was administered to the MyD88-/- mice. The severity of AP was determined by measuring serum amylase and lipase activities, quantifying pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and histological examination. The effects of MyD88 deletion on cell death and the inflammatory response were determined by measuring apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammatory cytokines. Western blot was used to assess the necrotic mediators, RIP1 and RIP3. Results The deletion of MyD88 resulted in more severe acute experimental pancreatitis as assessed by increased amylase and lipase activities, increased pancreatic MPO activity, a reduced anti-inflammatory response, reduced apoptosis, and increased necrosis. Additionally, Nec-1 treatment significantly reduced necrosis in the MyD88-/- mice. Conclusions The deletion of MyD88 inhibited the TLR4/MyD88-dependent pathway mediated protective immune defense response and enhanced TLR4/MyD88-independent TRIF pathway-mediated pancreatic necrosis, which in turn aggravated the severity of AP. The critical role of MyD88 in immune defense response and cell death indicates that MyD88 represents a potential therapeutic target in the management of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-Jiang Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Fu
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-Min Lu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zong-Guang Zhou
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;,Institute of Digestive Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;,Institute of Digestive Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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36
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Macrophages, Low-Grade Inflammation, Insulin Resistance and Hyperinsulinemia: A Mutual Ambiguous Relationship in the Development of Metabolic Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154358. [PMID: 35955975 PMCID: PMC9369133 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic derangement with poor glycemic control accompanying overweight and obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages, which present a very heterogeneous population of cells, play a key role in the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis, but functional alterations in the resident macrophage pool as well as newly recruited monocyte-derived macrophages are important drivers in the development of low-grade inflammation. While metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and tissue damage may trigger or advance pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages, the inflammation itself contributes to the development of insulin resistance and the resulting hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages express insulin receptors whose downstream signaling networks share a number of knots with the signaling pathways of pattern recognition and cytokine receptors, which shape macrophage polarity. The shared knots allow insulin to enhance or attenuate both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophage responses. This supposedly physiological function may be impaired by hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance in macrophages. This review discusses the mutual ambiguous relationship of low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and the insulin-dependent modulation of macrophage activity with a focus on adipose tissue and liver.
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37
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Bacteria reduce flagellin synthesis to evade microglia-astrocyte-driven immunity in the brain. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111033. [PMID: 35793624 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response of brain cells to invading bacteria in vivo and the mechanism used by pathogenic bacteria to escape brain immune surveillance remain largely unknown. It is believed that microglia eliminate bacteria by phagocytosis based on in vitro data. Here we find that a small percentage of microglia in the brain engulf neonatal meningitis-causing Escherichia coli (NMEC), but more microglia are activated to produce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), which activates astrocytes to secrete complement component 3 (C3) involved in anti-bacterial activity. To evade anti-bacterial activity of the immune system, NMEC senses low concentration of threonine in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to down-modulate the expression of flagellin and reduce microglial TNFα and astrocyte C3 production. Our findings may help develop strategies for bacterial meningitis treatment.
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Dos Santos Quaresma MVL, Maria de Melo C, Lima Ribeiro SM. Effect of proteins, amino acids, and other nitrogenated supplements on the skeletal muscle mass in people living with HIV (PLWH): A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:160-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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The Use of Endo-Cellulase and Endo-Xylanase for the Extraction of Apple Pectins as Factors Modifying Their Anticancer Properties and Affecting Their Synergy with the Active Form of Irinotecan. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060732. [PMID: 35745651 PMCID: PMC9229824 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectin constitutes an essential component of dietary fiber. Modified pectins from various sources possess potent anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. In this study, two pectins isolated from apple pomace by Trichoderma enzyme treatment, PX (with endo-xylanase) and PCX (with both endo-cellulase and endo-xylanase), were studied in colon cancer cell lines (HCT 116, Caco-2, and HT-29). Both pectins reduced colon cancer cell viability, induced apoptosis, and increased intracellular amounts of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, synergy between pectin and an active form of irinotecan, SN-38, in all aspects mentioned above, was discovered. This drug is a common component of cytotoxic combinations recommended as treatment for colon cancer patients. PX and PCX demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells. Interaction of apple pectins with galectin-3 and Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) was suggested to be responsible for their anticancer and anti-inflammatory effect. Since PCX was more active than PX in almost all experiments, the role of the enzyme used to obtain the pectin for its biological activity was discussed. It was concluded that co-operation between both enzymes was needed to obtain the molecule of the most beneficial properties. The low molecular mass of PCX together with a high proportion of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) regions seemed to be crucial for its superior activity.
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Alam MI, Mae M, Farhana F, Oohira M, Yamashita Y, Ozaki Y, Sakai E, Yoshimura A. NLRP3 Inflammasome Negatively Regulates RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis of Mouse Bone Marrow Macrophages but Positively Regulates It in the Presence of Lipopolysaccharides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116096. [PMID: 35682777 PMCID: PMC9181162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bone diseases such as periodontitis, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome accelerates bone resorption by promoting proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β production. However, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in physiological bone remodeling remains unclear. Here, we investigated its role in osteoclastogenesis in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Gram-negative bacterial component. When bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were treated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in the presence of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, osteoclast formation was promoted in the absence of LPS but attenuated in its presence. BMMs treated with RANKL and LPS produced IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist inhibited osteoclastogenesis, indicating IL-1β involvement. BMMs treated with RANKL alone produced no IL-1β but increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. A ROS inhibitor suppressed apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-1 recruitment domain (ASC) speck formation and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors abrogated cytotoxicity in BMMs treated with RANKL, indicating that RANKL induces pyroptotic cell death in BMMs by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome via ROS. This suggests that the NLRP3 inflammasome promotes osteoclastogenesis via IL-1β production under infectious conditions, but suppresses osteoclastogenesis by inducing pyroptosis in osteoclast precursors under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ibtehaz Alam
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.I.A.); (M.M.); (M.O.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Megumi Mae
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.I.A.); (M.M.); (M.O.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Fatima Farhana
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (F.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Masayuki Oohira
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.I.A.); (M.M.); (M.O.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yasunori Yamashita
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.I.A.); (M.M.); (M.O.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.I.A.); (M.M.); (M.O.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Eiko Sakai
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (F.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Atsutoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.I.A.); (M.M.); (M.O.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-95-819-7681
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41
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Weng TH, Ke CC, Huang YS. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GM1 Ganglioside on Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050727. [PMID: 35625654 PMCID: PMC9138562 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous ganglioside GM1 has been reported to exert an immunomodulatory effect. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of GM1 ganglioside on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods: EIU was induced in Lewis rats by administering a subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). GM1 was injected intraperitoneally for three consecutive days prior to the LPS injection. Twenty-four hours after the LPS injection, the integrity of the blood-aqueous barrier was evaluated by determining the protein concentration and number of infiltrating cells in the aqueous humor (AqH). Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses of the iris-ciliary body (ICB) were performed to evaluate the effect of GM1 on the LPS-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The effect of GM1 on proinflammatory mediators and signaling cascades was examined in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining to further clarify the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism. Results: GM1 significantly reduced the protein concentration and number of infiltrating cells in the AqH of rats with EIU. GM1 also decreased the LPS-induced expression of the ICAM-1 and COX-2 proteins in the ICB. In RAW 264.7 cells, GM1 inhibited the proinflammatory mediators induced by LPS, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and this inhibitory effect was potentially mediated by suppressing transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Conclusions: Based on this study, GM1 may be a potential anti-inflammatory agent for ocular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Heng Weng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (T.-H.W.); (C.-C.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chih Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (T.-H.W.); (C.-C.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yuahn-Sieh Huang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-87923100 (ext. 18735)
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Lee IC, Bae JS. Hepatic Protective Effects of Jujuboside B through the Modulation of Inflammatory Pathways. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tang X, Yang M, Liu J, Zheng L, Xu D, Chi C, Lv Z, Liu H. Identification, functional characterization and expression pattern of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in Nibea albiflora. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:380-390. [PMID: 35477097 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), composed of an N-terminal death domain and a C-terminal Toll/interleukin (IL)-IR homology domain, is a key connector protein in the TLR signal transduction pathway. In this study a novel isoform of MyD88 in Nibea albiflora (named as NaMyD88) was identified and functionally characterized (GenBank accession no. MN384261.1). Its complete cDNA sequence was 1672 bp and contained an open reading frame of 879 bp encoding 292 amino acid residues, which was similar to its teleost fish counterparts in the length. The theoretical molecular mass was 33.63 kDa and the isoelectric point was 5.24. BLASTp analysis suggested that the deduced amino acids sequence of NaMyD88 shared high identity to the known MyD88, for instance, 94.77% identity with Collichthys lucidus. Sequence analysis showed that NaMyD88 protein was consistent with MyD88 protein of other species at three conserved domains, N-terminal DD, short middle domain and C-terminal TIR, and the TIR domain contained three highly conserved motifs: Box1, Box2, and Box3. NaMyD88 and red fluorescent protein (Dsred) were fused and expressed in the cytoplasm of the epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC cells). The NaTLR9-TIR-EGFP fusion protein, which was obtained in our previous studies, showed green fluorescence and mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. After co-transfection, NaMyD88-Dsred and NaTLR9-TIR-EGFP obviously overlapped and displayed orange-yellow color. The results showed that the homologous MyD88-Dsred could interact with NaTLR9-TIR-EGFP. Based on this result pcMV-NaMyD88-TIR-Myc plasmids and the pcDNA3.1-NaTLR9-TIR-flag were constructed and co-transfected into 293T cells for the immunoprecipitation test. According to Western blot, the protein eluted by Flag-beads could be detected by anti-Flag-tag antibody and anti-Myc tag antibody respectively, while the protein without NaTLR9-TIR could not be found, which further proved that TLR and MyD88 could interact each other. The prokaryotic plasmid of MyD88-TIR domain was constructed, expressed in BL21 (DE3) and purified by Ni-NAT super flow resin conforming to the expected molecular weight of 27 kDa with the corresponding active sites for its conferring protein-protein interaction functions. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that NaMyD88 could be expressed in intestine, stomach, liver, kidney, gill, heart and spleen, with the highest in the kidney, and it was up-regulated after being infected with Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid - Poly (I:C) and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, which showed that NaMyD88 was involved in the immune response of N.albiflora. These data afforded a basis for understanding the role of NaMyD88 in the TLR signaling pathway of N.albiflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Tang
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Meijun Yang
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Libing Zheng
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316100, PR China
| | - Changfeng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Zhenming Lv
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Huihui Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China.
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Busse M, Langwisch S, Tedford K, Fischer KD, Zenclussen AC. Maternal B cell signaling orchestrates fetal development in mice. Development 2022; 149:272200. [PMID: 34528666 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
B cell participation in early embryo/fetal development and the underlying molecular pathways have not been explored. To understand whether maternal B cell absence or impaired signaling interferes with placental and fetal growth, we paired CD19-deficient (CD19-/-) mice, females with B cell-specific MyD88 (BMyD88-/-) or IL10 (BIL10-/-) deficiency as well as wild-type and MyD88-/- controls on C57Bl/6 background with BALB/c males. Pregnancies were followed by ultrasound and Doppler measurements. Implantation number was reduced in BMyD88-/- and MyD88-/- mice. Loss of MyD88 or B cell-specific deletion of MyD88 or IL10 resulted in decreased implantation areas at gestational day (gd) 5, gd8 and gd10, accompanied by reduced placental thickness, diameter and areas at gd10. Uterine artery resistance was enhanced in BIL10-/- dams at gd10. Challenge with 0.4 mg lipopolysaccharide/kg bodyweight at gd16 revealed that BMyD88-/-, BIL10-/- and CD19-/- mothers delivered preterm, whereas controls maintained their pregnancy. B cell-specific MyD88 and IL10 expression is essential for appropriate in utero development. IL10+B cells are involved in uterine blood flow regulation during pregnancy. Finally, B cell-specific CD19, MyD88 and IL10 expression influences susceptibility towards preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Busse
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39108, Germany
| | - Stefanie Langwisch
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39108, Germany
| | - Kerry Tedford
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39112, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Fischer
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39112, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39108, Germany.,Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany.,Perinatal Research Group, Saxonian Incubator for Translation, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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Titanium Surface Characteristics Induce the Specific Reprogramming of Toll-like Receptor Signaling in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084285. [PMID: 35457102 PMCID: PMC9030374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the research on titanium-based dental implants (Ti-discs) is focused on how they are able to stimulate the formation of new tissue and/or cytotoxic studies, with very scarce data on their effects on functional responses by immunocompetent cells. In particular, the link between the rewiring of innate immune responses and surface biomaterials properties is poorly understood. To address this, we characterize the functional response of macrophage cultures to four different dental titanium surfaces (MA: mechanical abrasion; SB + AE: sandblasting plus etching; SB: sandblasting; AE: acid etching). We use different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands towards cell surface receptors (bacterial lipopolysaccharide LPS for TLR4; imiquimod for TLR7; synthetic bacterial triacylated lipoprotein for TLR2/TLR1) and endosomal membrane receptor (poly I:C for TLR3) to simulate bacterial (cell wall bacterial components) or viral infections (dsRNA and ssRNA). The extracellular and total LDH levels indicate that exposure to the different Ti-surfaces is not cytotoxic for macrophages under resting or TLR-stimulated conditions, although there is a tendency towards an impairment in macrophage proliferation, viability or adhesion under TLR4, TLR3 and TLR2/1 stimulations in SB discs cultures. The secreted IL-6 and IL-10 levels are not modified upon resting macrophage exposure to the Ti-surfaces studied as well as steady state levels of iNos or ArgI mRNA. However, macrophage exposure to MA Ti-surface do display an enhanced immune response to TLR4, TLR7 or TLR2/1 compared to other Ti-surfaces in terms of soluble immune mediators secreted and M1/M2 gene expression profiling. This change of characteristics in cellular phenotype might be related to changes in cellular morphology. Remarkably, the gene expression of Tlr3 is the only TLR that is differentially affected by distinct Ti-surface exposure. These results highlight the relevance of patterned substrates in dental implants to achieve a smart manipulation of the immune responses in the context of personalized medicine, cell-based therapies, preferential lineage commitment of precursor cells or control of tissue architecture in oral biology.
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Yan Q, Liu X, Sun Y, Zeng W, Li Y, Zhao F, Wu K, Fan S, Zhao M, Chen J, Yi L. Swine Enteric Coronavirus: Diverse Pathogen–Host Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073953. [PMID: 35409315 PMCID: PMC8999375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) causes acute gastroenteritis and high mortality in newborn piglets. Since the last century, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) have swept farms all over the world and caused substantial economic losses. In recent years, porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) have been emerging SeCoVs. Some of them even spread across species, which made the epidemic situation of SeCoV more complex and changeable. Recent studies have begun to reveal the complex SeCoV–host interaction mechanism in detail. This review summarizes the current advances in autophagy, apoptosis, and innate immunity induced by SeCoV infection. These complex interactions may be directly involved in viral replication or the alteration of some signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weijun Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Feifan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C. & L.Y.)
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C. & L.Y.)
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Wei YT, Wang XR, Yan C, Huang F, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wen ZF, Sun XT, Zhang Y, Chen YQ, Gao R, Pan N, Wang LX. Thymosin α-1 reverses M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages during efferocytosis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1991-2002. [PMID: 35364609 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The immunological effects of chemotherapy-induced tumor cell death are not completely understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that phagocytic clearance of apoptotic tumor cells, also known as efferocytosis, is an immunologically silent process, thus maintaining an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we report that, in the breast tumor microenvironment, thymosin α-1 (Tα-1) significantly reverses M2 polarization of IL-10-producing tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) during efferocytosis induced by apoptotic cells. Mechanistically, Tα-1, which bound to phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic tumor cells and was internalized by macrophages, triggered the activation of SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) through the lysosomal toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)/MyD88 pathway, subsequently resulting in dephosphorylation of efferocytosis-activated TBK1 and reduction of efferocytosis-induced IL-10. Tα-1 combined with epirubicin chemotherapy markedly suppressed tumor growth in an in vivo breast cancer model by reducing macrophage-derived IL-10 and enhancing the number and function of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, Tα-1 improved the curative effect of chemotherapy by reversing M2 polarization of efferocytosis-activated macrophages, suggesting that Tα-1 injection immediately after chemotherapy may contribute to highly synergistic anti-tumor effects in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Wei
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu-Ru Wang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunguang Yan
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xueming Liu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Fa Wen
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Sun
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Rong Gao
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Pan
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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48
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Zhu C, Li H, Kong X, Wang Y, Sun T, Wang F. Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist on Cocaine Use Disorder. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:819470. [PMID: 35300299 PMCID: PMC8921771 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.819470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a major public health challenge with a high relapse rate and lack of effective pharmacotherapies; therefore, there is a substantial need to identify novel medications to treat this epidemic. Since the advent of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors (GLP-1Rs) agonists (GLP-1RAs), their potential has been extensively explored and expanded. In this review, we first summarized the biological effects of GLP-1, GLP-1Rs, and GLP-1RAs. Subsequently, the recent literature examining the behavioral effects and the possible pharmacological mechanisms of GLP-1RAs on CUD was reviewed. Increasing preclinical evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs are promising in regulating dopamine release, dopamine transporter (DAT) surface expression and function, mesolimbic reward system and GABAergic neurons, and maladaptive behaviors in animal models of self-administration and conditioned place preference. In addition, the emerging role of GLP-1RAs in inhibiting inflammatory cytokines was reported. These findings indicate that GLP-1RAs perform essential functions in the modulation of cocaine-seeking and cocaine-taking behaviors likely through multifaceted mechanisms. Although the current preclinical evidence provides convincing evidence to support GLP-1RA as a promising pharmacotherapy for CUD, other questions concerning clinical availability, impact and specific mechanisms remain to be addressed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hailiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuerui Kong
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yezhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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49
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Cucos CA, Dobre M, Dragnea EM, Manda G, Milanesi E. Increased MYD88 blood transcript in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:13. [PMID: 35277123 PMCID: PMC8917693 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Neuroinflammation plays a prominent role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), both in pathogenesis and disease progression. It has been shown that TLR/MYD88 signaling is involved in the chronic low-grade sterile inflammation associated with AD. Several studies have evidenced high levels of MYD88 in the brain of patients and animal models of AD, but no study has assessed so far its levels in blood.
Methods
In this study we evaluated the blood mRNA levels of MYD88 in a mouse model of AD, and also the putative effect of Rivastigmine treatment on MYD88 expression. Twenty-eight transgenic APP/TAU mice (AT) and twenty-two control C57/BL6j mice (WT) were included in this study, out of which five transgenic AT and five WT mice were treated with Rivastigmine.
Results
Increased MYD88 transcript in the whole blood from AT mice as compared to WT controls was found, which seems to increase in time due to disease progression and not to aging. This finding suggests that blood leukocytes are primed to develop TLR/MYD-mediated inflammatory processes. Moreover, results indicate that MYD88 blood levels were not modulated by the diseases-specific treatment with Rivastigmine.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that MYD88 might be a promising blood biomarker to monitor AD progression.
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50
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Dall LB, Deleuran B, Østergaard LJ, Mardahl M, Denton PW, Nejsum P. Helminth products modulate innate immune recognition of nucleic acids in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2022; 31:415-423. [PMID: 35202548 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221080548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Current treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is suboptimal and causes broad immunosuppression. Therapeutic use of helminths or helminth products has been suggested for autoimmune diseases such as SLE. In the present study, we evaluated possible immunomodulating effects of adult body fluid (ABF) from Ascaris suum on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE patients in an ex vivo setup. METHODS PBMCs from SLE patients and healthy controls (HC) were isolated and stimulated ex vivo with ABF and Toll-like receptor agonists or activators of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) or mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) pathways. After 24 h of incubation, the cytokine profile was analyzed using ELISA and Meso Scale Discovery techniques. RESULTS ABF suppressed production of IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL10, and IL-10 by PBMCs from SLE patients and HCs following stimulation with specific agonists. ABF also reduced IFN-у production by stimulated PBMCs from HCs. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that ABF has an immunomodulatory effect on the production of key cytokines in the pathogenesis of SLE. These results suggest that ABF or ABF components hold potential as a novel treatment option for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Dall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 11297Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, 11297Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Rheumatology, 11297Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, 11297Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars J Østergaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 11297Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, 11297Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maibritt Mardahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 11297Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, 11297Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paul W Denton
- Department of Biology, 14720University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 11297Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, 11297Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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